1 Chronicles 12:2

נֹ֣שְׁקֵי

Root word kissed, kiss, armed, men, ruled, …

Dictionary form: נָשַׁק · naw-SHAHK

Verb — Qal, Participle Active, masculine plural, construct state simple action — "he did" ongoing action — try "___ing" or "one who ___s"

In the KJV here: they were armed

and kissed ×6 kiss ×3 kissed ×3 and kissed him ×2 and he kissed ×1 and kiss ×1 and kissed rose ×1 and they kissed ×1

More options

kiss — Most direct modern equivalent; fits nearly all contexts.

embrace with a kiss — Emphasizes warmth and intimacy of the gesture.

greet with a kiss — Highlights the cultural/ceremonial greeting function.

be armed — Secondary military meaning; use when context involves weapons.

touch — Softer rendering; useful for light or metaphorical contact.

pay homage — Conveys reverence when kissing denotes submission or worship.

BDB5427 H5401

I. נָשַׁק verb kiss (Late Hebrew id., Assyrian našâku, ᵑ7 נְשֵׁיק, נְשַׁק, Syriac , kiss (originally smell [] according to Lag^{Nov.Psalt.Spec.24f.}): Arabic is fasten together, arrange in order, Ethiopic participle ordine dispositus, apte sertus Di^{641, pos. akin to II.} נשׁק); —

Qal Perfect 3 masculine singular ׳נ 1Kgs 19:18; 2Sam 15:5 3 feminine singular נָָֽשְׁקָה Prov 7:13 3 plural נָשָׁ֑קוּ Ps 85:11 Imperfect יִּשַּׁק Gen 41:40, וַיִּשַּׁק Gen 27:27 +; suffix יִשָּׁקֵ֫נִי Song 1:2 1 singular cohortative אֶשֳּׁקָהֿ 1Kgs 19:20 3 masculine plural יִשָּׁק֑וּן Hos 13:2, etc.; Imperative וּשֲׁקָה Gen 27:26 Infinitive construct נְשָׁקֿ 2Sam 20:9 — kiss, usually with לְ person: Gen 27:26; Gen 27:29; Gen 50:1; Exod 4:27 (all J), Gen 48:10; Exod 18:7 (both E), 2Sam 15:5; 2Sam 14:33; 2Sam 19:40; 2Sam 20:9; 2Sam 1:20; so of idol-worship 1Kgs 19:18 (compare We^{Skizzen iii. 105}; Heid. 109), compare וַתִּשַּׁק יָדִי לְפִי Job 31:27 and my hand hath kissed my mouth; rarely with accusative of person 1Sam 20:41 (אִישׁ אֶתרֵֿעֵהוּ), suffix person 1Sam 10:1 Canticles (+ מִגְּשִׁיקוֺת), Song 8:1 also Gen 33:4 וַֹיִֹּשָֹּׁקֵֹהֹוֹּ (J; Holz E; word suspicious, Di rejects); ׳עֲגָלִים יִשּׁ Hos 13:2 claves do they kiss; שְׁפָתַיִם יִשָּׁ֑ק Prov 24:26 lips he kisses; absolute Ps 85:11 (figurative, reciprocal) . — עַלפִּֿיךָ יִשַּׁק Gen 41:40 is dubious, Di. 'to thy mouth all my people shall yield' (fit, adapt themselves, compare Arabic √), so Kau Buhl^Lex, but this meaning uncertain, and text perhaps corrupt, see Di Holz). Pi`el Imperfect 3 masculine singular וַיְנַשֵּׁק Gen 32:1; Gen 45:15, וַיְנַשֶּׁקֿ Gen 29:13 Imperative masculine plural נַשְּׁקוּֿ Ps 2:12 Infinitive construct נַשֵּׁק Gen 31:28 — kiss = Qal: with לְ person Gen 29:13(J), Gen 31:28; Gen 32:1; Gen 45:15 (all E); נַשְּׁקובַֿר Ps 2:12 is dubious, compare I. בַּר a above Hiph`il Participle מַשִּׁיקוֺתּ Ezek 3:13 of wings of cherubim, gently touching each other (with אֶלֿ).

BDB5429 H5401

II. [נָשַׁק] verb exact meaning uncertain; probably either handle, or be equipped with (compare perhaps Arabic etc., below I. נשׁק); — only Qal Participle plural construct נשְׁקֵי: — קֶשֶׁת ׳נ 1Chr 12:2 equipped with the bow, so 2Chr 17:17 (+ מָגֵן); רוֺמֵי קֶשֶׁת ׳נ Ps 78:9 is difficult, ׳ר appositive of ׳נ according to Hup-Now Bae and others (Ges^{«GKC:130e»§ 130e}); strike out רוֺמֵי as explanatory gloss Hup Hi Che Kau; strike out ver. as gloss Hup Kau Bae.

kissed, kiss, armed, men, ruled, …

nāšaq

to kiss, literally or figuratively (touch)

to put together, kiss

(Qal) to kiss

(Qal) to be equipped

קֶ֗שֶׁת

Root word bow, bows, archers, bowmen, archer

Dictionary form: קֶשֶׁת · keh-SHET

Noun — Common, feminine singular, absolute state

In the KJV here: with bows

the bow ×14 bow ×6 his bow ×6 a bow ×2 and their bows ×2 bows ×2 of the bow ×2 so that a bow ×2

More options

bow — Most direct equivalent; fits nearly every context.

archer's bow — Clarifies the weapon's purpose in ambiguous passages.

bowman — Use when the lemma refers to the person, not the weapon.

longbow — Emphasizes a large, powerful bow in warrior contexts.

archery — Suits collective or abstract references to the practice.

rainbow — Use in Genesis 9 and similar cosmological contexts.

BDB7653 H7198

קֶ֫שֶׁת noun feminine^{Gen 9:14} (apparently masculine 2Sam 1:22 but see Albr^{ZAW xvi (1896) 91}) bow (originally √ perhaps קושׁ, meaning unknown; Late Hebrew id.; Assyrian ‡aštu; Ethiopic Arabic plural , etc.; ᵑ7 and (קַשְׁתָּא and (ט for ת after ק P) קוּשְׁטָא (rare), all bow, קַשָּׁתָא bowman; Syriac bow, bowman; Old Aramaic קשת bow, Mandean כשטא (Frä²⁰⁶); Palmyrene קשטא bowman); — absolute ׳ק Hos 1:7 +, קָ֑שֶׁת Jer 46:9 +; constructקֶ֫שֶׁת Hos 1:5 +; suffix קַשְׁתִּי Gen 48:22 + ,etc.; plural absolute קְשָׁתוֺת 2Chr 26:14 +; suffix קַשְּׁתֹתָיו (Ges^{«GKC:20h»§ 20h}) Isa 5:28, קַשְּׁתוֺתָם Jer 51:56; Ps 37:15, קַשְּׁתֹתֵיהֶם Neh 4:7 (קַשְׁתֹּתָיו etc., van d. H. [except Ps 37:15]); —

1. bow:
a. for hunting Gen 27:3 (J; + תְּלְי)
b. battle: + (or ||) חֶרֶב Gen 48:22; Josh 24:12 (both E), Hos 1:7; Hos 2:20; 1Sam 18:4 (+ חְַגֹרוֺ), 2Sam 1:22; 2Kgs 6:22; Isa 41:2; Neh 4:7 (+ רָמְחֵיהֶם), Zech 9:13 (figurative of Judah as ׳י's bow), Ps 37:15 (figurative) Ps 44:7 (+ or || חֶרֶב also below) ;+ (or ||) חִצִּים Isa 7:24; 2Kgs 13:15 (twice in verse); Ezek 39:3; Ezek 39:9; 1Chr 12:2a; compare ׳רִשְׁפֵי ק Ps 76:4 = arrow (+ מָנֵן וְחֶרֶב) so ׳בֶּן ק Job 41:20 (compare Lam 3:13; Job 5:7); + חֲנִית Ps 46:10, + כִּידוֺן Jer 6:23; Jer 50:42 + varius weapons Neh 4:10; 2Chr 26:14 alone Isa 13:18 (context corrupt), Isa 22:3; Jer 51:56; Hab 3:9 (of ׳י as warrior); מִלְחָמָה ׳ק Zech 9:10; Zech 10:4 in simile רְמִיָּה ׳כְּק like a bow of deception Hos 7:16; Ps 78:57 (i.e. one that misses its aim; al. slack bow).
c. ׳ק collective = bow (-men), archers Isa 21:17.
d. phrases are: ׳הַמּרִים אֲנָשִׁים בַּקּ 1Sam 31:3 archers, bowmen (but dubious; Dr Kit Löhr translates, ׳הַמּ ׳א; We Bu strike out ׳א as || 1Chr 10:3 HPS Now strike out ׳בַּקּ ׳א), ׳הַמּוֺרִים בַּקּ 1Chr 10:3 ׳מְטַחֲוֵי ק Gen 21:16 (see [טָתָה], ׳רמֵה ק Jer 4:29, compare perhaps Gen 21:21 see קִשָּׁת, || ׳נשְׁקֵי ק (see II.נָשַׁק) 1Chr 12:2b 2Chr 17:17, ׳רוֺמֵי ק ׳נוֺ Ps 78:9 ׳תֹּפֵשׁ הַקּ Amos 2:15 one grasping the bow, (see Jer 46:9 below) see also ׳מִלֵּא יָדוֺ בַקּ 2Kgs 9:24, ׳הַרְכֵּב יָֽדְךָ עַלהַֿקּ 2Kgs 13:16 ׳דָּרַח ק bend (literally tread) the bow, Isa 5:28 (participle passive), Isa 21:15 (id.; || חֶרֶב) Jer 50:14; Jer 50:29; Jer 51:3; 1Chr 5:18; 1Chr 8:40; 2Chr 14:7; Ps 37:14 (|| חֶרֶב), in figure Ps 11:2 (|| חֵץ), and, of God, Lam 2:4; Lam 3:12; Ps 7:13 (|| הֶרֶב); ׳תֹּפְשֵׂי דֹּרְכֵי ק Jer 46:9 compare(figurative) וַיַּדְרְכוֺ אֶתלְֿשׁוֺנָם קַשְׁתָּם Jer 9:2 also נְחוּשָׁה וְנִחֲתָה ׳ק Ps 18:35 = 2Sam 22:35 (readוְנִחֲתָה for וְנִחַת) ׳מָשַׁח בַּקּdraw the bow 1Kgs 22:34 = 2Chr 18:33; Isa 66:19.
e. bow (passing over into) figurative of might Gen 49:24 (poem), 1Sam 2:4; Hos 1:5; Jer 49:35; Job 29:20 (compare Ps 37:15,
b. above) feminine נְחוּשָׁה ׳ק fig of divine judgment Job 20:24 (|| נֵשֶׁק בַּרְזֶל)

2. rainbow: אֲשַׁר יִהְיֶה בֶעָנָן בְּיוֺם הַנֶּשֶׁם ׳כְּמַרְאֵה הַקּ Ezek 1:28; Gen 9:13; Gen 9:14; Gen 9:16 (P). — קָ֑שֶׁה וַיּאֹמֶר לְלַמֵּד בְּנֵייְֿהוּדָה 2Sam 1:18 is corrupt; ᵐ5 al. omits; We Now think misplaced gloss on v2Sam 1:6 see further HPS.

bow, bows, archers, bowmen, archer

qešet

a bow, for shooting (hence, figuratively, strength) or the iris

bow

bow (for hunting, battle)

מַיְמִינִ֤ים

Root word hand, right

Dictionary form: יָמַן · yaw-MAHN

Verb — Hiphil, Participle Active, masculine plural, absolute state causative — "he made (someone) do" ongoing action — try "___ing" or "one who ___s"

In the KJV here: and could use both the right hand

and could use both the right hand ×1 the right hand ×1 then i will go to the right ×1 to the right hand ×1

More options

go right — Most natural in directional or movement contexts.

turn right — Prefer when a deliberate change of direction is implied.

use the right hand — Best for contexts of skill or physical action.

favor the right — Useful when preference or dominance is the focus.

take the right side — Good for spatial or territorial division contexts.

BDB3573 H541 H3231

II. [יָמַן] verb denominative Hiph`il go to or choose the right, use the right hand; — Imperfect 1 singular coh. יְאֵימִ֫נָה Gen 13:10 (J) then I will go to the right (opposed to וְאַשְׂמְאִ֫ילָה); 2 masculine plural תַּאֲמִינוּ Isa 30:21, figurative of turning aside from right course of life (|| תַּשְׂמְאִילוּ); Infinitive construct in phrase אִםאִֿשׁ לְהֵמִין וּלְהַשְׂמִיל מִכֹּל אֲשֶׁר דִּבֶּר אֲדֹנִי הַמֶּלֶךְ 2Sam 14:19 it is surely impossible to turn the right or to the left, etc.; Imperative feminine singular הֵימִ֫ינִי Ezek 21:21 go to the right! (opposed to הַשְׂמִ֫ילִי); Participle plural use the right hand: מַיְמִינִים וּמִשְׂמִאלִים בָּאֲבָנִים וּבַחִצִּים בַּקָּ֑שֶׁת 1Chr 12:2 using the right hand and the left hand with stones and with arrows in the bow (i.e. in throwing and shooting).

hand, right

yāman

to be right-handed or take the right-hand side

(Hiphil) to choose the right, go to the right, use the right hand, be right handed

וּ מַשְׂמִאלִים֙

וּ

Prefix — connector and (sometimes: but, so, then)

מַשְׂמִאלִים֙

Root word left

Dictionary form: שָׂמַאל · saw-MAHL

Verb — Hiphil, Participle Active, masculine plural, absolute state causative — "he made (someone) do" ongoing action — try "___ing" or "one who ___s"

In the KJV here: and the left

and the left ×1 or on the left ×1 or to the left ×1 then i will go to the left ×1 ye turn to the left ×1

More options

go left — Most natural for directional movement contexts.

turn left — Prefer when a change of direction is implied.

move to the left — Slightly more explicit; useful in formal prose.

bear left — Idiomatic for navigation or wayfinding passages.

veer left — Suggests deviation; good for straying or diverging imagery.

BDB8255 H8041

[שִׂמְאֵל] verb denominative Hiph`il take the left (always opposed to הֵמִין): — Imperfect cohortative אַשְׂמְאִ֫ילָה Gen 13:9 2 masculine plural, תַּשְׂמְאִ֫ילוּ Isa 30:21 Imperative feminine singular הַשְׂמִילִי (Ges^{«GKC:23f»§ 23f} Kö^{1. 276}) Ezek 21:21, compare Infinitive construct הַשְׂמִיל 2Sam 14:19 Participle מַשְׂמִאלִים 1Chr 12:2 —

1. = go to the left Gen 13:9 (J), Ezek 21:21.

2. figurative turn (aside) to the left (from true way) 2Sam 14:19; Isa 30:21.

3. use the left hand 1Chr 12:2.

BDB8266 H8041

[שָׂמַל] Hiph`il see [שַׂמְאַל]

left

śāmal

to use the left hand or pass in that direction

to take the left, go to the left

(Hiphil)

to go to the left

בָּֽ אֲבָנִ֔ים

בָּֽ

Prefix — preposition in, at, by, with + "the" (the article is absorbed into the prefix)

אֲבָנִ֔ים

Root word stones, stone, weights, weight, stony, …

Dictionary form: אֶבֶן · eh-BEN

בָּ

Hidden "the" בָּ = the preposition + the article הַ squeezed together: the "a" vowel under the prefix is the swallowed "the". Translate "in the ___".

Noun — Common, feminine plural, absolute state plural — usually add "-s"

In the KJV here: in hurling stones

stones ×65 stone ×30 the stones ×18 of stone ×16 a stone ×14 of stones ×12 the stone ×11 and stone ×9

More options

stone — Most versatile; works for material, object, or single unit.

rock — Prefer for large, immovable, or naturally occurring stones.

boulder — Use when size or mass is emphasized in context.

weight — Use when context is commerce or measurement (scales).

gemstone — Use when context is precious or decorative stones.

slingstone — Use specifically in battle or weapon-related contexts.

BDB58 H68 H72

אֶ֫בֶן₂₇₄ noun feminine^{Gen 29:2} (masculine^{1Sam 17:40} ?) stone (Assyrian abnu, = the sharp, projecting ? see Dl^{W, Pr 107}; Phoenician אבן; Aramaic אֶבֶן, ; Ethiopic Sabean [ ם]אבנ DHM^{ZMG 1883, 341}) — ׳א absolute Gen 28:22 +; אָ֑בֶן Gen 11:3 +; construct Gen 49:24 +; suffix אַבְנוֺ 2Kgs 3:25 אֲבָנִים Gen 31:46 +, etc.; — a stone (large or small).

1. in natural state, used as pillow Gen 28:11; Gen 28:18 (E); seat Exod 17:12 (E); cover of well Gen 29:2; Gen 29:3 (twice in verse); Gen 29:8; Gen 29:10 (J); causing one to stumble Isa 8:14 marring good ground 2Kgs 3:19; 2Kgs 3:25 hand-missle Exod 21:18 (JE) Num 35:17; Num 35:23 (P) 2Sam 16:6; 2Sam 16:13, especially in judicial stoning, with verb רָגַם Lev 20:2; Lev 20:27; Lev 24:23; Num 14:10; Num 15:35; Num 15:36; Josh 7:25 a (all P), so also Deut 21:21; 2Chr 24:21; Ezek 16:40; Ezek 23:47 compare 1Kgs 12:18 = 2Chr 10:18 with verb סָקַל Deut 13:11; Deut 17:5; Deut 22:21; Deut 22:24; Deut 1:13 also Josh 7:25b (J E or D); sling-stones Judg 20:16; 1Sam 17:40; 1Sam 17:49 (twice in verse); 1Sam 17:50; 2Chr 26:14 hurled by engines 2Chr 26:15 set up for inscribing law Deut 27:2; Deut 27:4; Deut 27:8; Josh 8:32 (all D); as memorial Josh 4:3; Josh 4:5; Josh 4:6; Josh 4:7; Josh 4:8; Josh 4:9; Josh 4:20; Josh 4:21 (J E D) 1Sam 7:12 as sacred pillar (מַצֵּבָה) Gen 28:18; Gen 35:14 (anointed with oil), Gen 28:22 (= בֵּיתאֵל) compare ׳(רֹעֶה) א יִשְׂרָאֵל Gen 49:24 (see Di); as witness Gen 31:45 compare Josh 24:26; Josh 24:27 (all J E); plural gathered into heap (גַּל) over dead, Josh 7:26 (see Di) Josh 8:29 compare Josh 10:18; Josh 10:27 (JE) 2Sam 18:17 גַּל on which meal was eaten, in a compact Gen 31:46 (twice in verse) (JE); built into altar Exod 20:25; Deut 27:5; Deut 27:6 (J E D) Josh 8:31; 1Kgs 18:31; 1Kgs 18:32; 1Kgs 18:38 compare 2Kgs 23:15 ᵐ5 Klo (for הבמה); of figured stone (forbidden) מַשְׂכִּית ׳א Lev 26:1 (H) ;גדולה ׳א where ark rested 1Sam 6:14; 1Sam 6:15 also v1Sam 6:18 (ᵑ0 אבל q. v.); (see for other note-worthy stones

9. below

2. stone, as material, of tablets Exod 24:12; Exod 31:18; Exod 34:1 (plural) vExod 34:4 vExod 34:4 (JE) Deut 4:13; Deut 5:19; Deut 9:9; Deut 9:10; Deut 9:11; Deut 10:1; Deut 10:3 of vessels, hence probably Exod 7:19 (P; ׳א = vessels of stone || עצים) see Di; idols (|| עץ) Deut 4:28; Deut 28:36; Deut 28:64; Deut 29:16; 2Kgs 19:18 = Isa 37:19 also Jer 3:9; Ezek 20:32 pavement 2Kgs 16:17 edifice 1Kgs 6:7 compare Gen 11:3 also 2Sam 5:11; 2Kgs 12:13; 1Chr 22:15 often plural of (worked) stones Lev 14:40; Lev 14:42 (twice in verse); Lev 14:43; Lev 14:45 (P; in wall of house) 2Kgs 22:6 +, compare of city-wall Neh 3:35 of (ruined) city 1Kgs 15:22; Neh 3:34 tomb Isa 14:19 אֲבָנִים יְקָרוֺת (costly building-stones) 1Kgs 5:31; 1Kgs 7:9; 1Kgs 7:10; 1Kgs 7:11 (see also below 3); אַבְנֵיֿ שַׁיִשׁ = marble (see ᵐ5) 1Chr 29:2 אַבְנֵי גָזִית = hewn stones 1Kgs 5:31; 1Chr 22:2; Ezek 40:42 (for altar-tables), — compare גָּזִית; מַחְצֵב ׳א 2Kgs 12:13; 2Kgs 22:6; 2Kgs 2:11 foundation-stone, corner-stone Isa 28:16; Jer 51:26; Job 38:6; Ps 118:22 cap-stone, completing the building, הָרִאשֹׁנָה ׳הָא Zech 4:7 (but see רֹאשׁ פִּנָּה Ps 118:22 as above), Zech 3:9 upon one stone seven eyes, probably refers to this cap- or head-stone; the eyes are symbol of God's watchfulness; perhaps explaining cup-stones found in Orient, see Guthe^{ZPV 1890, 129}; stone-cutters ׳חָרָשֵׁי א 2Sam 5:11; 1Chr 22:15 ׳חֹצְבֵי הָא 2Kgs 12:13 compare 1Chr 22:2.

3. precious stones, generally with modifying word יְקָרָה ׳א collective 2Sam 12:30; 1Kgs 10:2 + often (see 2); הַשֹּׁהַם ׳א Gen 2:12 (J) compare Exod 25:7; Exod 28:9; Exod 35:9; Exod 35:27; Exod 39:6 (P) 1Chr 29:2 מִלֻּאִים ׳א Exod 25:7; Exod 35:9; Exod 35:27 compare 1Chr 29:2 סַפִּיר ׳א Ezek 1:26; Ezek 10:1 אַבְנֵי אֶקְדָּח Isa 54:12 חֵפֶץ ׳א ib.; אַבְנֵי פוּח וְרִקְמָה 1Chr 29:2 חֵן ׳א Prov 17:8 on אַבְנֵי אֵשׁ (stones of fire) Ezek 28:14; Ezek 28:16 as precious stones = Assyrian aban išâti (?) see Dl^{Pa 118 & W 40}; but Sm and others thunderbolts; also without distinctive modifier Exod 25:7; Exod 35:9 ׳חָרַשׁ א engraver in stone Exod 28:11 compare Exod 31:5; Exod 35:33 (P).

4. stones containing metal, = ore, Deut 8:9 (see Di) Job 28:2 compare vJob 28:3.

5. a weight, originally stone (see Prov 27:3 compare English weight stone = 14 lb) אַבְנֵיכִֿיס Prov 16:11 (compare Assyrian Dl^{W 38}); הַמֶּלֶח ׳א 2Sam 14:26 (i.e. accusative to royal standard; compare COT^{Gen 23:16}); ׳וָא ׳א Deut 25:13; Prov 20:10; Prov 20:23 (i.e. different weights, for dishonest use); כִּיס אַבְנֵי מִרְמָה Mic 6:11 just weights אַבְנֵיצֶֿדֶק Lev 19:36 שְׁלֵמָה ׳א Prov 11:1 hence also heavy mass of metal (lead) Zech 5:8.

6. plummet Isa 34:11 (stones of devastation, or emptiness, compare on sense 2Kgs 21:13; Amos 7:7; Amos 7:8); also made of metal הַבְּדִּיל ׳הא Zech 4:10 (conversely plummet from plumbum).

7. objects like stones; particle hail, explicitly, אַבְנֵי הַבָּרָד Josh 10:11 compare Isa 30:30 אֶלְגָּבִישׁ ׳א Ezek 13:11; Ezek 13:18; Ezek 38:22 but also אֲבָנִים גְּדֹלוֺת Josh 10:11 (E) (compare Assyrian Dl^{W 38}); lime-stones אַבְנֵיגִֿר Isa 27:9.

8. in simile (mostly poetry) of sinking in water Exod 15:5 = Neh 9:11 motionlessness Exod 15:16 strength Job 6:12 firmness Job 41:16 solidity (of ice) Job 38:30 in prose, of commonness 1Kgs 10:27; 2Chr 1:15 also metaphor of one in fear 1Sam 25:37 (i.e. petrified with terror, compare Exod 15:16 above); ׳לֵב הָא = perverse, hard heart Ezek 11:19; Ezek 36:26 אַבְנֵינֵֿזֶר Zech 9:16 (of ransomed Israel) — ׳א personified Hab 2:11 compare vHab 2:19 compare Ezek 13:11 (see 7 above)

9. In topographic terms (nearly = proper name); אֶבֶן בֹּהַן Josh 15:6; Josh 18:17 הָעֶזֶר ׳א 1Sam 5:1 compare 1Sam 7:12, also 1Sam 4:1 (We Dr); ׳הָא הָאָ֑זֶל 1Sam 20:19, read הָאַרְגָּב הַלָּאז see ᵐ5 here & v1Sam 20:41 (We Dr Klo); הַזֹּחֶלֶת ׳א 1Kgs 1:9 (where We^{Skizzen III, 171} compare Arabic Zuhal = Saturn).

BDB7736 H68 H5045

אַרְגָּב noun masculine heap, mound (probably); — so read 1Sam 20:19 (for אבן), v1Sam 20:41 (for ננב), ᵐ5 (αρ σαβ, ερσαβ), Th We Klo Dr Kit Bu HPS.

BDB9268 H68 H69

אֶ֫בֶן noun feminine^{Dan 2:34} stone (Biblical Hebrew id.); — absolute׳א Dan 2:34 +; emphatic אַבְנָא vDan 2:35 —

1. a (the) stone Dan 2:34; Dan 2:35; Dan 2:45; Dan 6:18.

2. stone, material of idols Dan 5:4; Dan 5:23 of buildings Ezra 5:8; Ezra 6:4.

stones, stone, weights, weight, stony, …

ʾeben

a stone

stone (large or small)

common stone (in natural state)

of tablets

sinking in water, motionlessness

petrified with terror

וּ בַ חִצִּ֖ים

וּ

Prefix — connector and (sometimes: but, so, then)

בַ

Prefix — preposition in, at, by, with + "the" (the article is absorbed into the prefix)

חִצִּ֖ים

Root word arrows, arrow, dart, shaft, staff, …

Dictionary form: חֵץ · hayts

בַ

Hidden "the" בַ = the preposition + the article הַ squeezed together: the "a" vowel under the prefix is the swallowed "the". Translate "in the ___".

Noun — Common, masculine plural, absolute state plural — usually add "-s"

In the KJV here: and shooting arrows

arrows ×8 the arrows ×7 and arrows ×3 thine arrows ×3 an arrow ×2 his arrows ×2 a dart ×1 and shooting arrows ×1

More options

arrow — Default singular; fits most narrative and poetic contexts.

shaft — Emphasizes the physical rod/projectile; good for literal descriptions.

dart — Smaller, thrown projectile; suits swift or surprise imagery.

bolt — Vivid, forceful alternative; suits divine-judgment or lightning imagery.

missile — Broad modern term; use when weapon type is secondary.

BDB3043 H2671

חֵץ noun masculine^{1Sam 20:20} arrow, mostly in poetry and prophets (compare חֵצִי above below חצה) — absolute ׳ח Ps 91:5 + 9 t. + 1Sam 17:7 Kt (Qr עֵץ q. v.); construct id. 2Kgs 1; 2Kgs 3:17; 2Kgs 13:17 suffix חִצִּי Job 34:6, חִצּוֺ Ps 58:8; Zech 9:14, חִצָּם Ps 11:2; Ps 64:4 Plural חִצִּים Gen 49:23 + 17 t. + 1Sam 20:38 Qr (Kt חֵ֫צִי q. v.) + 2Sam 22:15 (< חִצָּיו || Ps 18:15); construct חִצֵּת Job 6:4; Ps 120:4 + Ezek 5:16 (Co חִצַּי compare ᵐ5 ᵑ6 Hi); חִצַּי Deut 32:23; Deut 32:42 (Ezek 5:16 see above), חִצֶּיךָ Ps 38:3 + 4 t.; חִצָּיו Isa 5:28 + 5 t.; — arrow:

1. literally, shot from bow by hand 1Sam 20:20; 1Sam 20:21 (twice in verse); 1Sam 20:22 (ᵐ5 We singular, i.e. הַחֵצִי, in v1Sam 20:21 v1Sam 20:22, see also Dr) v1Sam 20:36 v1Sam 20:38 Qr 2Kgs 19:32 = Isa 37:33; Isa 5:28; Isa 7:24; Jer 50:9; Jer 50:14; Jer 51:11; Ezek 39:3; Ezek 39:9; 1Chr 12:2 shot from engine of war 2Chr 26:15 used in divination Ezek 21:26 compare 2Kgs 13:15 (twice in verse); 2Kgs 13:17 (twice in verse); 2Kgs 13:18 בַּעֲלֵי חִצִּים = archers Gen 49:23.

2. figurative of Israel's weapons Num 24:8, of the (Messianic) king Ps 45:6, of Yahweh's judgments Deut 32:23; Deut 32:42; Job 6:4 (compare חִצִּי = my wound Job 34:6), Ps 7:14; Ps 38:3; Ps 58:8 (but on text compare Che^{critical note}.) Ps 64:8; Ps 120:4 (? compare Che); further Prov 7:23; Lam 3:12; Ezek 5:16 in theoph. Ps 18:15 = 2Sam 22:15, compare Hab 3:11; Zech 9:14; Ps 144:6 of wicked men's violence Ps 11:2 compare Ps 91:5, under figure of lion's teeth Ps 57:5 their words Ps 64:4 compare Prov 25:18; Jer 9:8 simile, of strength and efficiency derived from one's children, Ps 127:4 of a deceiver's words Prov 26:18 metaphor of servant of ׳בָּרוּר י ׳ח Isa 49:2. — In 1Sam 17:7 read עֵץ (for חֵץ) as Qr and || 2Sam 21:19 = the shaft; see עֵץ; so Klo Dr.

arrows, arrow, dart, shaft, staff, …

ḥēṣ

properly, a piercer, i.e., an arrow; by implication, a wound; figuratively, (of God) thunder-bolt; the shaft of a spear

arrow

בַּ קָּ֑שֶׁת

בַּ

Prefix — preposition in, at, by, with + "the" (the article is absorbed into the prefix)

קָּ֑שֶׁת

Root word bow, bows, archers, bowmen, archer

Dictionary form: קֶשֶׁת · keh-SHET

בַּ

Hidden "the" בַּ = the preposition + the article הַ squeezed together: the "a" vowel under the prefix is the swallowed "the". Translate "in the ___".

Noun — Common, feminine singular, absolute state

In the KJV here: out of a bow

the bow ×14 bow ×6 his bow ×6 a bow ×2 and their bows ×2 bows ×2 of the bow ×2 so that a bow ×2

More options

bow — Most direct equivalent; fits nearly every context.

archer's bow — Clarifies the weapon's purpose in ambiguous passages.

bowman — Use when the lemma refers to the person, not the weapon.

longbow — Emphasizes a large, powerful bow in warrior contexts.

archery — Suits collective or abstract references to the practice.

rainbow — Use in Genesis 9 and similar cosmological contexts.

BDB7653 H7198

קֶ֫שֶׁת noun feminine^{Gen 9:14} (apparently masculine 2Sam 1:22 but see Albr^{ZAW xvi (1896) 91}) bow (originally √ perhaps קושׁ, meaning unknown; Late Hebrew id.; Assyrian ‡aštu; Ethiopic Arabic plural , etc.; ᵑ7 and (קַשְׁתָּא and (ט for ת after ק P) קוּשְׁטָא (rare), all bow, קַשָּׁתָא bowman; Syriac bow, bowman; Old Aramaic קשת bow, Mandean כשטא (Frä²⁰⁶); Palmyrene קשטא bowman); — absolute ׳ק Hos 1:7 +, קָ֑שֶׁת Jer 46:9 +; constructקֶ֫שֶׁת Hos 1:5 +; suffix קַשְׁתִּי Gen 48:22 + ,etc.; plural absolute קְשָׁתוֺת 2Chr 26:14 +; suffix קַשְּׁתֹתָיו (Ges^{«GKC:20h»§ 20h}) Isa 5:28, קַשְּׁתוֺתָם Jer 51:56; Ps 37:15, קַשְּׁתֹתֵיהֶם Neh 4:7 (קַשְׁתֹּתָיו etc., van d. H. [except Ps 37:15]); —

1. bow:
a. for hunting Gen 27:3 (J; + תְּלְי)
b. battle: + (or ||) חֶרֶב Gen 48:22; Josh 24:12 (both E), Hos 1:7; Hos 2:20; 1Sam 18:4 (+ חְַגֹרוֺ), 2Sam 1:22; 2Kgs 6:22; Isa 41:2; Neh 4:7 (+ רָמְחֵיהֶם), Zech 9:13 (figurative of Judah as ׳י's bow), Ps 37:15 (figurative) Ps 44:7 (+ or || חֶרֶב also below) ;+ (or ||) חִצִּים Isa 7:24; 2Kgs 13:15 (twice in verse); Ezek 39:3; Ezek 39:9; 1Chr 12:2a; compare ׳רִשְׁפֵי ק Ps 76:4 = arrow (+ מָנֵן וְחֶרֶב) so ׳בֶּן ק Job 41:20 (compare Lam 3:13; Job 5:7); + חֲנִית Ps 46:10, + כִּידוֺן Jer 6:23; Jer 50:42 + varius weapons Neh 4:10; 2Chr 26:14 alone Isa 13:18 (context corrupt), Isa 22:3; Jer 51:56; Hab 3:9 (of ׳י as warrior); מִלְחָמָה ׳ק Zech 9:10; Zech 10:4 in simile רְמִיָּה ׳כְּק like a bow of deception Hos 7:16; Ps 78:57 (i.e. one that misses its aim; al. slack bow).
c. ׳ק collective = bow (-men), archers Isa 21:17.
d. phrases are: ׳הַמּרִים אֲנָשִׁים בַּקּ 1Sam 31:3 archers, bowmen (but dubious; Dr Kit Löhr translates, ׳הַמּ ׳א; We Bu strike out ׳א as || 1Chr 10:3 HPS Now strike out ׳בַּקּ ׳א), ׳הַמּוֺרִים בַּקּ 1Chr 10:3 ׳מְטַחֲוֵי ק Gen 21:16 (see [טָתָה], ׳רמֵה ק Jer 4:29, compare perhaps Gen 21:21 see קִשָּׁת, || ׳נשְׁקֵי ק (see II.נָשַׁק) 1Chr 12:2b 2Chr 17:17, ׳רוֺמֵי ק ׳נוֺ Ps 78:9 ׳תֹּפֵשׁ הַקּ Amos 2:15 one grasping the bow, (see Jer 46:9 below) see also ׳מִלֵּא יָדוֺ בַקּ 2Kgs 9:24, ׳הַרְכֵּב יָֽדְךָ עַלהַֿקּ 2Kgs 13:16 ׳דָּרַח ק bend (literally tread) the bow, Isa 5:28 (participle passive), Isa 21:15 (id.; || חֶרֶב) Jer 50:14; Jer 50:29; Jer 51:3; 1Chr 5:18; 1Chr 8:40; 2Chr 14:7; Ps 37:14 (|| חֶרֶב), in figure Ps 11:2 (|| חֵץ), and, of God, Lam 2:4; Lam 3:12; Ps 7:13 (|| הֶרֶב); ׳תֹּפְשֵׂי דֹּרְכֵי ק Jer 46:9 compare(figurative) וַיַּדְרְכוֺ אֶתלְֿשׁוֺנָם קַשְׁתָּם Jer 9:2 also נְחוּשָׁה וְנִחֲתָה ׳ק Ps 18:35 = 2Sam 22:35 (readוְנִחֲתָה for וְנִחַת) ׳מָשַׁח בַּקּdraw the bow 1Kgs 22:34 = 2Chr 18:33; Isa 66:19.
e. bow (passing over into) figurative of might Gen 49:24 (poem), 1Sam 2:4; Hos 1:5; Jer 49:35; Job 29:20 (compare Ps 37:15,
b. above) feminine נְחוּשָׁה ׳ק fig of divine judgment Job 20:24 (|| נֵשֶׁק בַּרְזֶל)

2. rainbow: אֲשַׁר יִהְיֶה בֶעָנָן בְּיוֺם הַנֶּשֶׁם ׳כְּמַרְאֵה הַקּ Ezek 1:28; Gen 9:13; Gen 9:14; Gen 9:16 (P). — קָ֑שֶׁה וַיּאֹמֶר לְלַמֵּד בְּנֵייְֿהוּדָה 2Sam 1:18 is corrupt; ᵐ5 al. omits; We Now think misplaced gloss on v2Sam 1:6 see further HPS.

bow, bows, archers, bowmen, archer

qešet

a bow, for shooting (hence, figuratively, strength) or the iris

bow

bow (for hunting, battle)

מֵ ֽאֲחֵ֥י

מֵ

Prefix — preposition from, out of

ֽאֲחֵ֥י

Root word brethren, brother, brothers, another, brethrens, …

Dictionary form: אָח · aw

Noun — Common, masculine plural, construct state plural — usually add "-s"; "___ of …" — bound to the next word

In the KJV here: brethren

his brethren ×58 his brother ×55 and his brethren ×53 thy brother ×35 their brethren ×30 brother ×25 brethren ×23 and their brethren ×17

More options

brother — Core meaning; use for biological or close male kin.

brothers — Preferred plural form; replaces archaic 'brethren'.

kinsman — Use when broader tribal or clan relationship is implied.

fellow — Suits contexts of solidarity, alliance, or shared identity.

companion — Use when the bond is relational or covenantal, not biological.

countryman — Best for communal or national address to fellow Israelites.

BDB276 H251 H256 H257

I. אָח, אַחְאָב, אֶחָב, אַחְבָּן etc. see אחה.

BDB285 H251

I. אָח₆₃₀ noun masculine brother (Phoenician אח, Arabic (construct etc.), Sabean אחֿ (suffix אחֿיהו) CIS^{iv.1,17 and 24} and others, Ethiopic Assyrian a—u compare Dl^W, Aramaic אַח, ; Palmyreme, Nabataean suffix אחוהי, אחיה); — absolute אָח Gen 24:29 + (Ezek 18:10 strike out Co compare ᵐ5 ᵑ6 ᵑ9; Ew Sm אַח; Dl Ba^{Ez x} defends as = one compare Assyrian a—u) never with article; cstr אֲחִי Gen 10:21 +; suffix אָחִי Gen 4:9 +; אָחִיךָ Gen 4:9 +; אָחִיו Gen 4:2 +; אָחִיהוּ Jer 34:9 + 3 t. etc.; plural אַחִים Gen 13:8 +; so read Hos 13:15 see De^{Compl. Var. 23} compare below אָחוּ; construct אֲחֵי Num 27:10 +; suffix אַחַי Gen 19:7 +; אֶחָ֑י 1Sam 20:29 + (but 1Sam 30:23 ᵐ5 We אַחֲרֵי for אֶחָ֑י את); אַחֶיךָ Gen 37:13 +; אֶחָיו Gen 44:14 + etc.

1. brother, born of same mother (& father) Gen 4:2; Gen 4:8; Gen 4:9; Gen 4:10; Gen 4:11; Gen 27:6; Gen 27:11; Gen 44:20; Gen 49:5 compare Gen 28:2; Gen 29:10 (twice in verse) + Exod 4:14 + often; also of half-brother Gen 20:5; Gen 20:13; Gen 20:16 (on pa-rentage compare vGen 20:12) Gen 37:2; Gen 37:4; Gen 37:5 +, 2Sam 13:4; 2Sam 13:7; 2Sam 13:8 +.

2. indefinite = relative; Lot, of Abraham Gen 13:8; Gen 14:12; Gen 14:14; Gen 14:16 Jacob, of Laban Gen 29:12; Gen 29:15 (nephew); hence of kinship in wider sense; member of same tribe Num 16:10; Num 18:2; Num 18:6; 2Sam 19:13 of same people Exod 2:11 (twice in verse); Exod 4:18; Deut 15:12; Judg 14:3; Isa 66:20; Neh 5:1; Neh 5:5; Neh 5:8 see especially Lev 19:17 compare vLev 19:18 (ex-tended to include sojourner גֵּר vLev 19:34); of Israel & Judah 2Sam 19:42 Israel & Edom Num 20:14 compare of Ishmael Gen 16:12; Gen 25:18 of friend 2Sam 1:26; 1Kgs 9:13; 1Kgs 20:32; 1Kgs 20:33 of allies ׳בְּרִית א Amos 1:9.

3. figurative of resemblance Job 30:29 אָח הָיִיתִי לְתַנִּים (|| רֵעַ לִבְנוֺת יַעֲנָה i.e. by reason of his crying, compare Di; Prov 18:9 מִתְרַפֶּה בִּמְלַאכְתּוֺ אָח הוּא לְבַעַל מַשְׁחִית.

4. in phrase one . . . another אִישׁ אָחִיו Gen 9:5; Joel 2:8 Ze Joel 7:10 אִישׁ ֗֗֗ אָחִיוGen 13:11 + 25 t + Exod 32:27 (where also same phrase with רֵעֵהוּ & קְרֹבוֺ — see these words — & also אִישׁ, אֶחָד; for development of idiom compare Deut 15:2; Isa 19:2; Jer 34:14 (compare15) 17 Ezek 38:21; Hag 2:22 usually of men; of faces of golden cherubim Exod 25:20; Exod 37:9 of scales of crocodile Job 41:9. (אָח fire-pot. see below II. אחח.)

BDB9286 H251

אחה (assumed as √ of following; compare Biblical Hebrew אָח).

brethren, brother, brothers, another, brethrens, …

ʾāḥ

a brother (used in the widest sense of literal relationship and metaphorical affinity or resemblance [like H0001])

brother

brother of same parents

שָׁא֖וּל

Root word a name — transliterate it ("Even of sauls")

Dictionary form: שָׁאוּל · shaw-OOL

Noun — Proper Name

In the KJV here: even of sauls

saul ×140 and saul ×89 of saul ×67 sauls ×14 then saul ×8 and when saul ×7 so saul ×7 to saul ×6

More options

Saul — Standard modern spelling for this proper name.

Shaul — Use when distinguishing non-Israelite or minor figures named שָׁאוּל.

Saul's — Possessive form; use for genitive constructions.

BDB8369 H7586

שָׁאוּל proper name, masculine ( = asked (of ׳י), cf שְׁאַלְתִּיאֵל below; Palmyrene proper name שאילא Lzb³⁷¹ Cooke²⁸³); — Σαονλ:

1.₃₉₇ 1st king of Israel, 1Sam 9:2; 1Sam 9:3 (twice in verse); 1Sam 9:5 (son of Kish, a Benjamite) + 359 t. Samuel; 28 t. 1 Chronicles; Ps 18:1; Ps 52:2; Ps 54:2; Ps 57:1; Ps 59:1 (all in titles); ׳גִּבְעַת שׁ Isa 10:29 (and 1Sam 11:4; 1Sam 15:34; 2Sam 21:6 see II . גִּבְעָה).

2. a king of Edom Gen 36:37; Gen 36:38 (P) = 1Chr 1:48; 1Chr 1:49

3. a son of Simeon Gen 46:10; Exod 6:15; Num 26:13 (all P) = 1Chr 4:24.

4. a Levite 1Chr 6:9.

saul, sauls, shaul

šāʾûl

desired

Shaul, the name of an Edomite and two Israelites

a Benjamite, son of Kish, and the 1st king of Israel

מִ בִּנְיָמִֽן

מִ

Prefix — preposition from, out of

בִּנְיָמִֽן

Root word a name — transliterate it ("Of benjamin")

Dictionary form: בִּנְיָמִין · bin-yaw-MEEN

Noun — Proper Name

In the KJV here: of benjamin

of benjamin ×89 and benjamin ×27 benjamin ×21 and in benjamin ×2 belongeth to benjamin ×2 the benjamites ×2 also of benjamin ×1 and against benjamin ×1

More options

Benjamin — Standard proper noun; use for the patriarch or tribe name.

Benjaminite — For an individual member of the tribe of Benjamin.

Benjaminites — Plural; refers to the tribal group collectively.

tribe of Benjamin — Clarifying phrase when tribal identity needs emphasis.

BDB1176 H1144

בִּנְיָמִין Gen 35:18 +; usually בִּנְיָמִן proper name, masculine₁₆₆ (son of (the) right hand) —

1. youngest son of Jacob, so called by him, but by Rachel, the mother, who died at Benjamin's birth, called בֶּןאֿוֺנִי (q. v.) Gen 35:18 own brother of Joseph Gen 35:24; Gen 42:4; Gen 43:29; Gen 45:12 compare Gen 42:36; Gen 45:15; Gen 45:34 +; name of tribe of Benjamin Num 1:11; Deut 27:12; Deut 33:12; Judg 5:14 + 23 t. Judges; 32 t. Samuel Kings Chronicles; Hos 5:8; Ezek 48:23; Obad 1:19; Ps 68:28; Ps 80:3 בְּנֵי בנימן (literal Gen 46:21) of tribe Num 1:36; Num 2:22; Num 7:60; Num 26:38; Num 26:41; Josh 18:20; Josh 18:28; Judg 20:3; Judg 20:14; Judg 20:15; Judg 20:18; Judg 20:21; Judg 20:23; Judg 20:24; Judg 20:28; Judg 20:30; Judg 20:31; Judg 20:32; Judg 20:36; Judg 20:48; Judg 21:18; Judg 21:20; Judg 21:23; 2Sam 2:25; 2Sam 4:2; 2Sam 23:29; 1Chr 8:40; 1Chr 9:3; 1Chr 9:7; 1Chr 11:31; 1Chr 12:17; 1Chr 12:30; Neh 11:4; Neh 11:7; Neh 11:31; Jer 6:1; Judg 1:21 (twice in verse) (but בני יהודה in || Josh 15:63 compare Bu^{RS 7}); explicitly מַטֵּה בִנְיָמִן Num 1:37; Num 2:22; Num 13:9; Num 34:21; Josh 21:4; 1Chr 6:45 compare Josh 21:17 מַטֵּה ׳בְנֵי ב Num 10:24; Josh 18:11; Josh 18:21; 1Chr 6:50 ׳שֵׁבֶט ב 1Sam 10:20; 1Sam 10:21; 1Kgs 12:21 observe also ׳כָּלשִֿׁבְטֵי ב Judg 20:12 compare 1Sam 9:21 אִישׁ בִּנְיָמִן Judg 20:41; 1Sam 4:12 compare אִישׁ מִבִּןיָֿ֯מִין 1Sam 9:1 אֶרֶץ בִּנְיָמִן Judg 21:21; 1Sam 9:16; 2Sam 21:14; Jer 1:1; Jer 17:26; Jer 32:44; Jer 33:13; Jer 37:12 compare Jer 32:8 ׳גְּבוּל ב 1Sam 10:2; Ezek 48:22 (strike out Co) vEzek 48:24 בֵּית בִּנְיָמִן 2Sam 3:19 בֵּית ׳יְהוּדָה וּב 1Kgs 12:23; 2Chr 11:1 in name of a temple-gate הָעֶלְיוֺן ׳שַׁעַר ב Jer 20:2 compare Jer 37:13; Jer 38:7; Ezek 48:32; Zech 14:10.

2. a son of Bilhan and great-grandson of Benjamin

1. 1Chr 7:10.

3. a Jew of Ezra's time Ezra 10:32 compare Neh 3:23; Neh 12:34. — בנימן בני פרץ 1Chr 9:4 Kt read with Qr ׳בָּנִי מִןבְּֿנֵי פ.

benjamin, benjamins, benjamites

binyāmîn

son of the right hand

Binjamin, youngest son of Jacob; also the tribe descended from him, and its territory

Jacob's and Rachel's youngest son, Joseph's full brother

Word Breakdown

Vowels & Accents

Grammar Vqrmpc

Verb Chart

English Options

Brown-Driver-Briggs (BDB)

Strong's Definition H5401

Word Breakdown

Vowels & Accents

Grammar Ncfsa

English Options

Brown-Driver-Briggs (BDB)

Strong's Definition H7198

Word Breakdown

Vowels & Accents

Grammar Vhrmpa

Verb Chart

English Options

Brown-Driver-Briggs (BDB)

Strong's Definition H3231

Word Breakdown

Vowels & Accents

Grammar C/Vhrmpa

Verb Chart

English Options

Brown-Driver-Briggs (BDB)

Strong's Definition H8041

Word Breakdown

Vowels & Accents

Grammar Rd/Ncfpa

English Options

Brown-Driver-Briggs (BDB)

Strong's Definition H68

Word Breakdown

Vowels & Accents

Grammar C/Rd/Ncmpa

English Options

Brown-Driver-Briggs (BDB)

Strong's Definition H2671

Word Breakdown

Vowels & Accents

Grammar Rd/Ncfsa

English Options

Brown-Driver-Briggs (BDB)

Strong's Definition H7198

Word Breakdown

Vowels & Accents

Grammar R/Ncmpc

English Options

Brown-Driver-Briggs (BDB)

Strong's Definition H251

Word Breakdown

Vowels & Accents

Grammar Np

English Options

Brown-Driver-Briggs (BDB)

Strong's Definition H7586

Word Breakdown

Vowels & Accents

Grammar R/Np

English Options

Brown-Driver-Briggs (BDB)

Strong's Definition H1144

Masoretic Phrasing

KJV