1 Kings 1:4

וְ הַֽ נַּעֲרָ֖ה

וְ

Prefix — connector and (sometimes: but, so, then)

הַֽ

Prefix — article the

נַּעֲרָ֖ה

Root word damsel, maidens, damsels, maid, young, …

Dictionary form: נַעֲרָה · na-uh-RAW

Noun — Common, feminine singular, absolute state

In the KJV here: and the damsel

the damsel ×6 damsel ×5 and the damsel ×3 maidens ×3 of the damsel ×3 the damsels ×3 young ×3 a damsel ×2

More options

young woman — Broadest, neutral modern default for the lemma.

girl — Informal; suits younger or lower-status figures.

maiden — Modernized KJV form; retains unmarried/virginal connotation.

servant girl — Use when context indicates a household attendant.

adolescent girl — Emphasizes age range when narrative stresses youth.

maidservant — Formal register; highlights subordinate social role.

BDB5279 H5291

II. נַעֲרָה noun feminine girl, damsel; — absolute ׳נ Judg 19:3 + 22 t., also Qr Gen 24:14 + 20 t. Genesis, Deuteronomy (נַעֲרָה Kt in Pentateuch only Deut 22:19, see below); plural absolute נְעָרוֺת 1Sam 9:11 +, construct נַעֲרוֺת Esth 4:4 suffix נַעֲרוֺתָיו Ruth 2:22; Ruth 3:2, נַעֲרֹתֶיהָ Gen 24:61; Exod 2:5, etc.; —

1. girl, damsel; קְטַנָּה ׳נ little girl only 2Kgs 5:2, compare v2Kgs 5:4, perhaps = young daughters Job 40:29 elsewhere = young woman 1Sam 9:11 especially as marriageable, Gen 24:14; Gen 24:16; Gen 24:28; Gen 24:55; Gen 24:57; Gen 34:3; Gen 34:12 (all J), Deut 22:15 (twice in verse); Deut 22:16; Deut 22:19; Deut 22:20; Deut 22:21; Deut 22:24; Deut 22:26 (twice in verse); Deut 22:29; 1Kgs 1:3; 1Kgs 1:4; Esth 2:4; Esth 2:7; Esth 2:8; Esth 2:9; Esth 2:12 (twice in verse); Esth 2:13 specifically virgin בְּתוּלָה ׳נ Judg 21:12; Deut 22:23; Deut 22:28; 1Kgs 1:2; Esth 2:2; Esth 2:3 (compare Deut 22:15b; Deut 22:20); מְאֹרָשָׂה ׳נ betrothed girl Deut 22:25; Deut 22:27 young widow Ruth 2:6; Ruth 4:12 of a concubine Judg 19:3; Judg 19:4; Judg 19:5; Judg 19:6; Judg 19:8; Judg 19:9, a prostitute Amos 2:7.

2. of female attendants, maids (always plural), Gen 24:61 (J), Exod 2:5 (E), 1Sam 25:42; Prov 9:3; Prov 27:27; Prov 31:15; Esth 2:9 (twice in verse); Esth 4:4; Esth 4:16 gleaners Ruth 2:5; Ruth 2:8; Ruth 2:22; Ruth 2:23; Ruth 3:2. —

Note. נער Kt in Pentateuch as feminine (Qr נַעֲרָ֯) is probably not original; it is not found in Sam. Pentateuch, and feminine plural נַעֲרֹתֶיהָ occurs Genesis, Exodus; compare Ges^{«GKC:2n»§§ 2n}, «GKC:17c»17c.

damsel, maidens, damsels, maid, young, …

naʿărâ

a girl (from infancy to adolescence)

girl, damsel, female servant

girl, damsel, little girl

of young woman, marriageable young woman, concubine, prostitute

יָפָ֣ה

Root word fair, beautiful, well, fairest, one, …

Dictionary form: יָפֶה · yaw-PEH

Adjective — feminine singular, absolute state

In the KJV here: fair

fair ×5 thou art fair ×5 o thou fairest ×3 and well ×2 beautiful ×2 my fair one ×2 well ×2 a fair ×1

More options

beautiful — Most natural, broadly applicable modern default.

lovely — Warmer, more personal tone; suits poetic or relational contexts.

attractive — Neutral, general-purpose; works for persons or things.

good-looking — Informal register; best for narrative prose about people.

handsome — Preferred when describing males specifically.

stunning — Emphatic, high register; suits superlative or poetic passages.

BDB3648 H3303

יָפֶה adjective fair, beautiful; — masculine absolute יָפֶה 2Sam 14:25 + 4 t.; construct יְפֵה Gen 39:6 (twice in verse) + 6 t.; feminine יָפָה Gen 12:14 + 14 t.; construct יְפַת; Gen 2:11+ 6 t.; suffix יָפָתִי Song 2:10; Song 2:13 plural יָפוֺת Job 42:15; Amos 8:13 construct יְפוֺת Gen 41:2 יְפֹת vGen 41:4 vGen 41:18 — fair, beautiful, as attribute of woman 2Sam 13:1; 1Kgs 1:3; Amos 8:13; Prov 11:22 compare Job 42:15; Song 6:10 (כלבנה ׳י); predicate Gen 12:14; 1Kgs 1:4; Song 1:15 (twice in verse); Song 4:1 (twice in verse); Song 4:17; Song 6:4 = substantive fair one Song 1:8; Song 2:10; Song 2:13; Song 5:9; Song 6:1 often construct יְפַתֿ מַרְאֶה Gen 12:11; Gen 29:17; 2Sam 14:27 יְפַתתֹּֿאַר Gen 29:17; 1Sam 25:3; Deut 21:11; Esth 2:7: of kine יְפוֺתמַֿרְאֶה Gen 41:2, compare vGen 41:4 יְפוֺתתֹּֿאַר vGen 41:18 less often of boy, young man אִישׁ יָפֶה 2Sam 14:25 predicate Song 1:16 יְפֵה תֹאַר Gen 39:6 וִיפֵה מַרְאֶה vGen 39:6 (of Joseph); of Jerusalem יְפֵה נוֺף Ps 48:3 of a singer יְפֵה קוֺל Ezek 33:32 of trees: olive יְפֵה פְרִיתֹֿאַר Jer 11:16 cedar (figurative of Egypt) יְפֵה עָנָף Ezek 31:3, compare vEzek 31:9 יָפֶה of everything in its time Eccl 3:11 of various Acts 5:17. — In יְפֵה עֵינַיִם עִם 1Sam 16:12, עִם יְפֵה מַרְאֶה 1Sam 17:42, either יפה = substantive abstract with beauty of eyes, or עִם is textual error (Gr Krenkel^{ZAW, 1882, 309} Bu עֶלֶם youth), see Dr.

fair, beautiful, well, fairest, one, …

yāpe

beautiful (literally or figuratively)

fair, beautiful, handsome

עַד

Preposition unto, until, to, till, for, …

Dictionary form: עַד · ad

Preposition

until ×237 unto ×233 even unto ×103 to ×79 till ×62 even to ×58 for ×51 how long ×38

More options

until — Best for temporal boundary; most common usage.

up to — Spatial or quantitative limit; modern and versatile.

as far as — Spatial extent; prefer for geographic/directional contexts.

through — Inclusive endpoint; useful when the limit is included.

as long as — Durative sense; prefer for sustained time expressions.

even to — Emphatic reach; signals surprising or extreme extent.

BDB5808 H5704

III. עַד, in poetry עֲדֵי ( Num 24:20; Num 24:24; Ps 104:23; Ps 147:6; Job 7:4; Job 20:5, and in עֲדֵי עַד Isa 26:4; Isa 65:18; Ps 83:18; Ps 92:8; Ps 132:12; Ps 132:14:compare אֱלֵי, עֲלֵי), preposition as far as, even to, up to, until, while (Aramaic עד, Sabean עד, עדי, Mordtm^{ZMG xxx (1876), 27}; DHM^{xxxvii (1883), 414}, Assyrian adi Dl^{§ 81 a} (Arabic is except); perh akin to pass on, advance to, Kö^{ii. 304, 309:} עֲדֵי probably from ground-form ±¦d¦y, Ol^{428, 431} Kö^{ii. 309 ff.}; but Lag^{Sym. ii. 101-3, Mitth. i. 231 f.}, as plur. like אַחֲרֵי); — with suffix עָדַי Num 23:18 +, עָדֶיךָ Mic 4:8 +, etc., עָֽדיֵכֵם Job 32:12; 2Kgs 9:18 עַדהֵֿם occurs; — as far as, even to (differing from אֶל in that the limit is included, as in Arabic Fl^{Kl. Schr. i. 402 f.}):

I. preposition 1. of space; —
a. Gen 11:31 ויבאו עד חרן as far as Haran, Gen 12:6; Gen 13:3; Gen 13:12 + often, Isa 8:8 עד צואר יגעַ, Isa 15:4 עד יהץ נשׁמע קולם, Isa 25:12; Isa 26:5; Ps 36:6 אמונתך עד שׁחקים, Ps 69:2 דאו מים עד נפשׁ (compare Jonah 2:6; Mic 1:9; Jer 4:10; Jer 4:18), Jer 90:3 תָּשֵׁד אֱנוֺשׁ עַד דַּכָּא Job 11:7, etc.; pregnantly Ps 118:27 ׳אִסְדוּ חָג עַד וגו bind . . . (and lead) up to . . .; Isa 57:9 עַד מֵרָחוק even to afar (מִן 1 c); with the goal a person, Exod 22:8 עד האלהים יָבאֹ דְבַר שְׁנֵיהֶם, 1Sam 9:9; Ps 65:3 עָדֶיךָ כָלבָּֿשָׂר יָבאֹוּ Isa 45:24; Job 4:5, ׳שׁוּב עַד י Hos 14:2 al. (see שׁוּב, stronger than ׳שׁוּב אֶליֿ); in poetry Num 24:20 וְאַחֲדִיתוֺ עֲדֵי אֹבֵד shall be even unto destruction, shall issue in destruction, vNum 24:24 rarely with verbs of attending, הֶאֱזִין עַד Num 23:18, הִתְבּוֺנֵן עַד Job 32:12; Job 38:18 (usually אֶל). Before another perp., 1Sam 7:11 ׳עַד מִתַּחַת ל 1Kgs 4:12 ׳עַד מֵעֵבֶר ל, עַד מֵעַל Ezek 41:20, עַד לִפְנֵי Esth 4:2, and even (si vera. l.) עַד אְלֵיהֶם 2Kgs 9:20:compare עַד נֶגֶד Neh 3:16; Neh 3:26, עַד נֹכַח Judg 19:10 +.

b. In the combination מִן ֗֗֗ (וְ)עַד, as Gen 10:19 מצידון ֗֗֗ עַד עַזָּה from Sidon . . . as far as Gaza + often (see מן 5 a); and idiomatic, not of actual space, but of class of objects, to express the idea of both... and, as Gen 19:4 מִנַּעַר וְעַד זָקִן from young to old (inclusively) = both young and old (see מִן 5 b); without מִן, even to = including, Lev 11:42; Num 8:4 even to (i. e. including) it base and its flower, compare 1Sam 18:4.

2. Of time:
a. (a) even to, until Gen 8:5 even to the 10th month, Exod 12:6 unto the 14th day, etc., vExod 12:15 vExod 12:18, etc.; עד היום unto this day, Gen 19:37; Gen 19:38, עד היום הזה Gen 26:33; Gen 32:33, both + often; עד יום followed by infinitive Exod 40:37; Josh 6:10; Judg 18:30 עד בקר till morning, Exod 12:10 + (15 t.), עד הבקר Exod 16:23 + (11 t.); so עד (ה)ערב Exod 18:13; Exod 18:14 +, in poetry עֲרֵי ערב Ps 104:23 עַד עוֺלָם Gen 13:15 + often; עַד שֶׁבַע פְּעָמִים 2Kgs 4:35 עַד דּוֺר וָדוֺר Isa 13:20 see also בְּלִי, and בִּלְתִּי, near the end and followed by another preposition, Lev 23:16 עַד מִמָּחֳרַת הַשַּׁבָּת, Neh 13:9 עַד אַחַר הַשַּׁבָּת. With the force of against, Judg 6:31 יוּמַת עַד הַבֹּקֶר; compare (b) end. (b) followed by infinitive, both of past time, as Gen 8:7; Gen 32:35 עַד עֲלוֺת הַשַּׁחַר, Gen 33:3; Gen 34:5, and especially future time, as Gen 3:19 עַד שׁוּבְךָ until thy returning, Gen 19:22; Gen 27:45; Deut 7:20; Deut 7:23; Deut 20:20; Deut 22:2; Deut 28:20; Deut 28:22, — both + often; compare עַד בּוֺשׁ Judg 3:25 +; עַד תֹּם ֗֗֗ Lev 25:29 + 10 t.; עַד תֻּמָּם Deut 2:15 +; עַד כַּלֵּה 2Kgs 13:17; 2Kgs 13:19; Ezek 19:14 עַד כַּלּוֺתָ(םׅ 1Sam 15:18; Jer 9:15 +; עַד אוֺר הַבֹּקֶר Judg 16:2 +; also in עַד הִשְׁמִדְךָ אֹתָם Deut 7:24 (compare Deut 28:48; Josh 11:14; 1Kgs 15:29; 2Kgs 3:25; 2Kgs 10:17; 2Kgs 24:20 [|| Jer 52:3 הִשְׁלִיכוֺ]; on the anomalous ׳הִ, see Dr, read probably ׳הַ); and most probably compare Kö^{iii. 583}) in עַד בִּלְתִּי הִשְׁאִיר לוֺ (לָהֶם) שָׂרִיד Deut 3:3 (see Dr), + 5 t. (see above), read probably הַשְׁאִיר. With the force of towards the end of, against, especially in עַד בֹּאָ(םׅ, Gen 43:25; Exod 22:25; Num 10:21 והקימו את המשׁכן עַד בֹּאָם used to set up the tabernacle against their coming, 2Kgs 16:11; Ezek 33:22 compare 2Sam 17:22. Elliptical Judg 16:2 עַד אוֺד הַבֹּקֶד וַהֲרַגְנוּהוּ (wait) till the morning dawn, and we slay him! (GFM; Dr^{§ 115}). (c) with various adverbs of time. (q. v.) as עַד אָנָה, עַדמָֿה, עַד מָתַי, עַד הֵנָּה, עַד כֹּה, עַד כֵּן, עַד עַתָּה, compare עַד כַּמֶּה פְעָמִים (see מָה 4 b).
(d) to suffest also degree (compare 3), עַד אֵין מָקוֺם until there is no place Isa 5:8, עַד אֵין מִסְפָּר Ps 40:13; Job 5:9; Job 9:10 compare Lev 26:18 וְאִםעַֿדאֵֿלֶּה and if even up to these things, even the end of all these punishment, you do not hearken to me.

b. During (rare; prop, as far as the limit indicated, including the time previous, compare ἔως: so often Aramaic עַד, , while), 2Kgs 9:22 what is peace עַד זְנוּנֵי אִיזֶבֶל during, etc.,? Job 20:5 עֲדֵי רָ֑גַע during a moment; followed by infinitive Judg 3:26 עַד הִתְמַהְמְהָם during their delaying, Exod 33:22; Job 7:19 עַד בִּלְעִי רֻקִּי Jonah 4:2.

3. Of degree, to suggest a higher or the highest; as עַד מְאֹד even to muchness, i.e. exceedingly (see מְאֹד), עַד מְהֵרָה even to haste Ps 147:15; Esth 5:6 וּמַהבֻּֿקָּשָׁתֵךְ עַדחֲֿצִי הַמַּלְכוּת וְתֵעָשׂ, vEsth 5:3; Esth 7:2. See also עַד לְ, below. With a negative, to express not even as much as, Deut 2:5 לא אתן לכם מארצם עַד מִדְרַךְ כַּף רָ֑גֶל, and with אֶחָד, Exod 9:7 לֹא מֵת ֗֗֗ עַדאֶֿחָד, simil. Exod 14:28; Judg 4:16; 2Sam 17:22 (read אֶחָד for ׃אַחַד see Dr). Sts. almost = Latin adeo, 1Sam 2:5 (si vera lectio) עַד עֲקָרָה ילדה שׁבעה even to the barren, she hath borne seven, i.e. even the barren hath, etc., Job 25:5 הן עדיָֿרֵחַ ולא יאהיל, Hag 2:19. In comparisons, to the degree of, even like (rare), Nah 1:10 עַד סִירִים סְבֻכִים (text dubious) entangled even like thorns, 1Chr 4:27 לא הִרְבּוּ עד בני יהודה did not multiply to the degree of (i.e.like), etc. compare. 2Sam 23:19 עַד הַשְּׁלשָׁה לֹא בָא did not attain (in prowess) unto the three.

II. conjunction 1. until; —

a עַד אֲשֶׁר until that: (a) with perfect, of past time, Exod 32:20 ויטחן עד אשׁר דָּק (Deut 9:21), Deut 2:14 עד אשׁר עָבַרְנוּ, Josh 3:17; Josh 8:26; Judg 4:24; 1Kgs 10:7 (2Chr 9:6), 2Kgs 17:20; 2Kgs 17:23; 2Kgs 21:16 with suggestion of degree, 1Sam 30:4 (followed byאֵין), 1Kgs 17:17 rarely of future time (the 'future perfect,' Dr^{§ 17}), 2Sam 17:13 (of degree), Ezek 34:21 So -עַד שֶׁ (often in Late Hebrew; see שֶׁ) Judg 5:7; Song 3:4 (twice in verse); עַד כִּי Gen 26:13 עַד כִּיגָֿדַל מְאֹד, Gen 41:49; 2Sam 23:10; 2Chr 26:15 and (of future time) עַד אֲשֶׁר אִם Gen 28:15; Num 32:17; Isa 6:11.
(b) with imperfect, usually of future time, Gen 27:44 עַד אֲשֶׁר תָּשׁוּב חֲמַר אָחִיךָ, Gen 29:8; Exod 23:30; Exod 24:14; Lev 22:4; Num 11:20; Num 20:17; 1Sam 22:3; Hos 5:15 +; rarely of past time, Jonah 4:5 עד אשׁר יראה till he should see, Eccl 2:3. So (of the future) -עַד שֶׁ Song 2:7; Song 2:17; Song 3:5; Song 4:6; Song 8:4; Ps 123:2 and עַד כִּי Gen 49:10 עַד כִּייָֿבאֹ שִׁילֹה.

b. עַד alone, until:
(a) with perfect, of past time, Josh 2:22; Josh 4:23 עַדעָֿבַרְנוּ, 1Sam 20:41 עַד דָּוִד הִגְדִּיל, 2Sam 21:10; 1Kgs 11:16; Ezek 28:15 of the future (rare), 2Kgs 7:3 עַד מָ֑תְנוּ, Ezek 39:15; Dan 11:36 עַד כָּלָה זָ֑עַם. So עַד סִם (of the future), Gen 24:19; Gen 24:33; Isa 30:17; Ruth 2:21.
(b) with imperfect, of future time, 1Sam 1:22 (elliptic: compare Judg 16:2, 12 a
(b) end), Isa 22:14; Isa 26:20; Isa 32:15; Isa 62:1; Isa 62:7; Ps 57:2; Ps 71:18; Job 27:5 +; of the past (rare), Exod 15:16 עד יעבור עמך, vExod 15:16; Josh 10:13 (poetry) עַד יִקֹּם גּוֺי אוֺיְבָיו, Ps 73:17. —

N.B. In poetry, עַד is sometimes used to mark not an absolute close, but an epoch or turning-point, in the future, as Ps 110:1 (see De) עַד אָשִׁית אֹיְבֶיךָ הֲדֹם לְרַגְלֶיךָ, Hos 10:12; Job 14:6 (but see 3); after a negative clause, Gen 49:10; Num 23:24; Isa 42:4; Ps 71:18; Ps 112:8; Job 8:21 (but read probably with Ew Hi Di Du al. עֹד he will yet, etc., understanding vJob 8:20 as present, not future).

2. While (rare: compare 12 b): —
a. with perfect, 1Sam 14:19 עד דִּבֶּר שׁאול while Saul spake.
b. with imperfect, Ps 141:10 יַחד אָנֹכִי עַד אֶעֱבֹר while I at the same time pass by.
c. with participle, Job 1:18 עַד זֶה מְדַבֵּר (but read probably עֹד, as vJob 1:16 vJob 1:17), Neh 7:3.
d. -עַד שֶׁ (without verb) Song 1:12. So עַד לֹא while not = ere yet (of past time) Prov 8:26 עד לא עשׂה אדץ (so עַד לָא, , often, e.g. Gen 24:15 ᵑ7, Matt 1:18); and עד אשׁר לא (of the future) Eccl 12:1; Eccl 12:2; Eccl 12:6 (compare Talmud עַד דְּלָא, Mishna שֶׁלּאֹ עַד).

3. Of degree, to the point that, so that even (rare), Isa 47:7 Thou saidst, I shall be for ever a lady, עַד לֹא שַׂמְתְּ אֵלֶּה עַל לִבֵךְ to the point that (going so far in thy pride that) thou didst not, etc. (but Hi Che Du al. join גְּבֶרֶת עַד I shall be for ever, a lady perpetually; see I. עַד); Job 14:6 (Di De Bu Du) to the point that he may enjoy, etc., Isa 22:14 (Du). In Josh 17:14 עַד אֲשֶׁר ׳עַד כֹּה ֵבּרְכַנִי י, read עַל אֲשֶׁר because that (Ges Buhl; compare Di).

III. עַד לְ, a strengthened form for עַד, found chiefly in Chronicles, Ezra, and occurring in most of the above senses. Thus

1. of space: לְבוֺא חֲמָת עַד Josh 13:5; Judg 3:3; 1Chr 13:5, מִדְבָּ֫רָה ׳עד ל 1Chr 5:9, מצרים ׳עד ל 2Chr 16:8 עַד לְמִזְרַהּ הַגָּ֑יְא 1Chr 4:39, עַד לַמְצָד 1Chr 12:17 עַד לִגְרָר 2Chr 14:12 עַד לַשָּׁמַיִם 2Chr 28:9; Ezra 9:6.

2. Of time: עד לעולם 1Chr 23:25; 1Chr 28:7 לְמֵרָחוֺק עַד 2Chr 26:15; Ezra 3:13; Ezra 9:4 עד למנחת הערב; עַד לַדָּבָר הַזֶּה Ezra 10:14 probably during (Keil^Ges Be with regard to, strengthened for לְ); followed by infinitive עַד לַעֲלוֺת הַמִּנְחָה 1Kgs 18:29 עַד לִכְלוֺת 1Chr 28:20; 2Chr 29:28 עַד לְכַלֵּה 2Chr 24:10; 2Chr 31:1 עד להשׁחית 2Chr 26:16 עַד לָמוּת 2Chr 32:24 (|| 2Kgs 20:1 לָמוּת alone); Ezra 10:14 עד להשׁיב.

3. Of degree: עַד לְמַחֲנֶה גָדוֺל even unto (till there was) a great camp, 1Chr 12:23 עַד לְמַ֫עְלָה = exceedingly 2Chr 16:12; 2Chr 17:12; 2Chr 26:8 עַד לִמְאֹד 2Chr 16:14 עַד לְשִׂמְחָה 2Chr 29:30 עַד לָרֹב 2Chr 31:30 עַד לְאֵין מַרְפֵּא 2Chr 36:16.

BDB6199 H6258 H2088 H2009 H5704 H3588

עַתָּ֫ה₄₃₅ (also Ezek 23:43; Ps 74:6 עת Kt, Qr עַתָּה), עָ֑֫תָּה Gen 32:5 +, adverb of time, now (properly accusative of [`int],עֵת (Kö^{ii. 260}), at the time, in particular of the present time, i.e. now; compare German zur Zeit, Arabic at the time, i.e. now); — now:

1. a. Gen 12:19 ועתה הנה אשׁתך and now, behold thy wife, Gen 22:12 כי עתח ידעתי now, I know (so Exod 18:11; Judg 17:13; 1Kgs 17:24 [עַתָּה זֶה], Ps 20:7), Gen 26:22; Gen 26:29; Gen 27:36; Gen 31:13; Gen 31:28, etc., Exod 5:5 הך רבים עתה עם הארץ; whether in opposed to past time, as Gen 32:11; Josh 14:11 כְּכֹחִי אָז וּכְכֹחִי עָ֑תָּה, Judg 11:8; 1Kgs 12:4; Isa 1:21 ועתה מרצחים, Isa 16:14; Hos 2:9 כִּי טוֺב לִי אָז מַעָ֑תָּה, Hos 13:2, Job 30:1 +, or to future, as Num 24:17 אֶרְאֶנּוּ ולא עתה, Judg 8:6 חֲכַף עַתָּהכְּֿיָדֶ֑ךָ ׳זֶבַח וצ, 1Sam 2:16 כִּי עַתָּה תִּתֵּן; = after all Num 22:38; Judg 8:2 = now at last 2Sam 24:16; 1Kgs 19:4; 2Kgs 19:25; Hos 7:2; Jer 4:12 and in the phrase מעתה ועד עולם Isa 9:6; Isa 59:21; (see below), Ps 113:2; Ps 115:18; Ps 121:8; Ps 125:2; Ps 131:3.
b. of the imminent or impending future: Gen 19:9 עַתָּה נָרַע לְךָ מַהֶם. Gen 29:32 כי עתה יאהבני אישׁי, vGen 29:34; Exod 6:1 עתה תראה, Num 11:23; Num 22:4; 2Sam 20:6; Isa 33:10 (Ps 12:6), Isa 43:19; Isa 49:19; Amos 6:7 לכן עתה יִגְלוּ, Isa 49:19; Mic 7:4; Mic 7:10; Dan 10:20 and especially ἀσυνδέτως in Hosea, introducing a punishment, Hos 4:16 ׳וגו ׳עתה יִרְעֵם י Hos 5:7; Hos 8:8; Hos 8:13 (Jer 14:10), Jer 10:2.
c. of a time ideally present (= then, from our point of view): Isa 29:22 לא עתה יבושׁ יעקב, v^b Hos 10:3; Mic 4:9; Mic 4:10; Mic 4:11; Mic 4:14; Mic 5:3.
d. describing a present state = as things are: 1Sam 8:5 thou art old, etc., עתה שִׂימָה לנו מלך, 1Sam 9:6; 1Sam 13:12; 1Sam 14:30; 1Sam 25:7b; 1Sam 27:1 now I shall be swept away one day, etc., 2Kgs 18:20; 2Kgs 18:25; Job 6:21; Job 14:16; Job 16:7.
e. with an Imperative, as an encouragement, implying that the time has come for the exhortation or advice to be followed, Gen 31:13 עתה קים צא, Exod 18:19 עתה שְׁמַע בקולי, Num 22:11; Deut 2:13; 1Sam 30:8.

2. Phrases:
a. עַתָּה זֶה (זְה 4 h) 1Kgs 17:24; 2Kgs 5:22.
b. ועתה and, now, or now, therefore (וְ 4), drawing a conclusion, especially (compare 1 e) a practical one, from what has been stated: Gen 3:22 and now (since man has once been disobedient), lest he put forth his hand, etc., Gen 20:7; Gen 20:23 וְעַתָּה הִשָּֽׁבְעָה לִי הֵ֫נָּה, Gen 27:3; Gen 27:8 ועתה בני שְׁמַע בקולי, Gen 30:30; Gen 31:16; Gen 31:44; Gen 37:20 + often, Isa 5:3; Isa 5:5; Ps 2:10; Gen 11:6 ׳ועתה לאֹיִֿבָּצֵר מֵהֶם וגו, Gen 31:30; Gen 45:8; 2Sam 19:11; Ps 39:8 ועתה מַהקִּֿזִּיתִי אֲדֹנָי, Isa 52:5,
c. וְעַתָּה הִנֵּה stating the ground on which some conclusion or action is to be based, Exod 3:9; Josh 14:10 (twice in verse); 1Sam 12:2; 1Sam 24:21; 1Kgs 1:18; Jer 40:4 (with ועתה usually repeated afer the הנה-clause).
d. גם עתה Gen 44:10; 1Sam 12:16; 1Kgs 14:14; Joel 2:12; Job 16:19.
e. מֵעַתָּה from now, henceforth, Jer 3:4; Isa 48:6; Dan 10:17 (according to some, here = from just now), 2Chr 16:9 מעתה ועד עוּלּסּ, see above 1 a end. feminine עַדעַֿתָּה until now, Gen 32:5, ׳וֶאֵחַר עדעֿ, Deut 12:9 ׳אל הנחלה לא באתם עד ע (opposed to the future), 2Kgs 13:23 especially after clause with מִן, 2Kgs 46:34 ׳מִנְּעוּרֵינוּ וְעַדעֿ (2Sam 19:8; Ezek 4:14), Exod 9:18; 2Kgs 8:6; Ruth 2:7.
g. כִּי עַתָּה for in this case, in our idiom, for them (עתה pointing to a condition assumed as a possible contingency: compare Dr^{§ 141, 142}); (a) Exod 9:15 כי עתה ׳שׁלחתי וגו for then (if the intention expressed in vExod 9:14 had not existed) I should have put forth my hand, etc., Num 22:29 כי עתה הֲרַגְתִּיךְ, 1Sam 13:13; Job 3:13 followed by imperfect Job 6:3 for then (if it were weighed, vJob 6:2) it would be heavier, etc., Job 13:19 for then would I be silent and die; (b) after a protasis, surely then Gen 31:42 + (see כִּי 1 d b, p. 472). — Note. Read כְּמוֺ עַתָּ) (ᵐ5 ᵑ9) as now, for כְּמוֺ עֵת Ezek 16:57, עַתָּ נִשְׁבַּרְתְּ (ᵐ5 ᵑ6 ᵑ9) now art thou broken ! for עֵת נִשְׁבֶּרֶת Ezek 27:34, and probably עַתָּ בָּא (Hi We Kö Now, compare ᵐ5 ᵑ6) for עֶתבּֿאֹ Hag 1:2 also עַתָּה for אַתָּה 1Kgs 1:20, and אַתָּה for עַתָּה v1Kgs 1:18b 2Sam 18:3.

BDB9752 H5705 H5704

עַד₃₅ preposition and conjunction even to, until (Biblical Hebrew III. עַד; so ᵑ7, Syriac, Old Aramaic, Nabataean, Palmyrene, Egyptian Aramaic (Lzb³³⁶ S-C^{A 5} +)); —

1. preposition:
a. of space, even to Dan 7:13 עַדכָּֿא vDan 7:28.
b. of amount, up to Ezra 7:22 (4 t.).
c. of time, until Dan 2:20; Dan 6:15; Dan 6:27; Dan 7:18 (twice in verse); Dan 7:26; Ezra 4:24; Ezra 5:16 וְעַדכְּֿעַן; = our against Ezra 6:15 (compare Biblical Hebrew, p. 724:a top); to (the end of) = during Dan 6:8 עַד יוֺמִין תְּלָתִין, v.Dan 6:13; Dan 7:12; Dan 7:25. On עַדאָֿחֳרָן Dan 4:5 see אָחֳרָן; and on עַדדִּֿבְרַת דִּי Dan 4:14 see [ דִּבְרָה].

2. conjunction:
a. עַדדִּֿי until, followed by perfect (of past time) Dan 2:34; Dan 4:30; Dan 5:21; Dan 7:4; Dan 7:9; Dan 7:11; Dan 7:22 followed by imperfect (of future) Dan 2:9; Dan 4:20; Dan 4:22 (twice in verse); Dan 4:29. — Dan 6:25 ׳לָא מְטוֺ ֗֗֗ עַד דִּי שְׁלִטוּ וג up to the time that . . . , i.e. ere that.
b. עַד alone, Ezra 4:21; Ezra 5:5.

unto, until, to, till, for, …

ʿad

as far (or long, or much) as, whether of space (even unto) or time (during, while, until) or degree (equally with)

(prep) as far as, even to, until, up to, while, as far as

of space

as far as, up to, even to

from...as far as, both...and (with 'min'—from)

even to, until, unto, till, during, end

even to, to the degree of, even like

מְאֹ֑ד

Adverb very, greatly, sore, exceeding, great, …

Dictionary form: מְאֹד · meh-ODE

Adverb

In the KJV here: was very

very ×28 greatly ×25 was very ×20 a very ×14 exceeding ×8 exceedingly ×7 with a very ×7 and greatly ×6

More options

very — Most versatile; fits nearly any context naturally.

greatly — Best for verbs and actions; emphasizes degree of intensity.

extremely — Stronger than 'very'; good for heightened emotional contexts.

exceedingly — Modernizes KJV form; suits solemn or emphatic passages.

utterly — Use when totality or completeness is the focus.

intensely — Fits inner states like desire, love, or anguish.

BDB4483 H3966

מְאֹד noun masculine muchness, force, abundance, exceedingly (compare Assyrian mu'du, abundance, Hom^{ZMG 1878, 711} ('treasures ana mu'di, in abundance') Dl^{HWB 399}): —

1. force, might, Deut 6:5 וּבְכָלמְֿאֹדֶ֑ךָ and with all thy might; hence 2Kgs 23:25.

2. in different idioms (298 t.) to express the idea of exceedingly, greatly, very (whether of magnitude or degree):
a. (so mostly) as adverb accusative, qualifying both adjectives and obs., Gen 1:31 טוֺב מְאֹד good exceedingly, Gen 4:5 וַיִּחַד לְקַיִן מְאֹד and Cain was wroth exceedingly, Gen 7:18 מְאֹד וַיִּרְבּוּ הַמַּיִם וַיִּגְבְּרוּ, Gen 12:14; Gen 13:2 בַּמִּקְנֶה מְאֹד כָּבֵד וְאַבְרָם, vGen 13:13 מאד ׳חַטָּאִים לי, Gen 18:20; Gen 19:3; Gen 19:9; Gen 21:11; Gen 24:16; Gen 24:35, + often, Ps 46:2 נִמְצָא מְאֹד עֶזְרָה בְצָרוֺת as a help in troubles, to be found (= present) exceedingly; with an infinitive Isa 47:9 בְּעָצְמַת חֲבָרַיִח מְאֹד despite of thy spells being very numerous, Josh 9:13 מֵרֹב הַדֶּרֶךְ מְאֹד, 1Kgs 7:47 הַרְבֵּה מְאֹד Gen 15:1; Gen 41:49; Deut 3:5 +, for which in the later language is found לָרֹב מְאֹד Zech 14:14; 2Chr 4:18; 2Chr 9:9 (in 1Kgs 10:10 הַרְבֵּה מְאֹד); 2Chr 24:24; 2Chr 30:13, and even לְהַרְבֵּה מְאֹד 2Chr 11:12; 2Chr 16:8. מְאֹד is not usually separated from the word it qualifies by more than one or two words (as Gen 20:8 האנשׁים מאד וייראו, Num 11:10 מאד ׳ויחר אף י); see, however, Deut 30:14; Judg 12:2; 2Sam 12:5; 1Kgs 11:19; Ps 31:12. It precedes its verb, Ps 47:10 מְאֹד נַעֲלָה (hence Ps 97:9), Ps 92:6.
b. עַדמְֿאֹד up to abundance, to a great degree, exceedingly, Gen 27:33 חֲדָדָה גְּדֹלָה ׳עַדמֿ, vGen 27:34; 1Sam 11:15 ׳וישׂמח ֗֗֗ עד מ, 1Sam 25:36 וְהוּא ׳שִׁכֹּר עַדמֿ, 2Sam 2:17; 1Kgs 1:4; Isa 64:8 (compare Lam 5:22), vLam 5:11; Ps 38:7; Ps 38:9; Ps 119:8; Ps 119:43; Ps 119:51; Ps 119:107; Dan 8:8; Dan 11:25.
c. עַדלִֿמְאֹד (see עַד לְ) 2Chr 16:14.
d. duplicated (Ges^{«GKC:113k»§ 113k}), Gen 7:19 ׳מ ׳וְהַמַּיִם גָָּֽבְרוּ מ, Gen 30:43; Num 14:7; 1Kgs 7:47; 2Kgs 10:4; Ezek 37:10.
e. בִּמְאֹד מְאֹד literally with muchness, muchness, Gen 17:2; Gen 17:6; Gen 17:20; Exod 1:7 (all P), Ezek 9:9; Ezek 16:13.

very, greatly, sore, exceeding, great, …

mĕʾōd

properly, vehemence, i.e., (with or without preposition) vehemently; by implication, wholly, speedily, etc. (often with other words as an intensive or superlative; especially when repeated)

(adv) exceedingly, much

force, might

exceedingly

וַ תְּהִ֨י

וַ

Prefix — connector and (sometimes: but, so, then)

תְּהִ֨י

Root word be, pass, was, were, came, …

Dictionary form: הָיָה · haw-YAW

וַ

Vav-consecutive (wayyiqtol) The וַ prefix — vav with patach plus a doubling dagesh in the next letter — flips this verb into story-telling past: translate "and (he) ___ed", not "will ___".

Verb — Qal, Sequential Imperfect (Wayyiqtol), third person feminine singular simple action — "he did" story-telling past — try "and he ___ed" the built-in subject is "she (or it)"

and it came to pass ×336 shall be ×333 was ×233 be ×174 came ×133 were ×117 and it shall come to pass ×97 and it shall be ×92

More options

be — Default copula; suits timeless or stative contexts.

become — Prefer when a change of state or transformation is implied.

happen — Fits narrative events; modernizes 'come to pass'.

occur — Formal register; good for reported events or incidents.

exist — Emphasizes being or presence rather than action.

take place — Idiomatic for scheduled or unfolding events.

BDB2100 H3068 H3069 H1961 H430 H589 H2022 H6635

יהוה_{c. 6823} i.e. יַהְוֶה proper name, of deity Yahweh, the proper name of the God of Israel — (

1. ᵑ0 יְהוָֺה^C518 (Qr אֲדֹנָי), or יֱהוִֺה₃₀₅ (Qr אֱלֹהִים), in the combinations אדני יהוה & יהוה אדני (see אֲדֹנֶי), and with preposition בַּיהוָֺה, לַיהוָֺה, מֵיהוָֺה (Qr בַּאדֹנָי, לַאדֹנָי, מֵאדֹנָי), do not give the original form. ᵐ5 and other Vrss follow the Qr. On the basis of Exod 20:7; Lev 24:11 יהוה was regarded as a nomen ineffabile (see Philo^{de Vita Mosis iii. 519, 529}), called by the Jews הַשֵּׁם and by the Samaritans שׁימא. The pronunciation Jehovah was unknown until 1520, when it was introduced by Galatinus; but it was contested by Le Mercier, J. Drusius, and L. Capellus, as against grammatical and historical propriety (compare Bö^{§ 88}). The traditional Ἰαβέ of Theodoret and Epiphanius, the יָֿהוּ, יְהוֺֿ of compound proper name and the contracted form יָהּ all favour יַהְוֶךְ (compare יַהֲלֹמ֑וּן Ps 74:6 תַּהֲרוּ Isa 33:11), see Lag^{Sym i.14} Baud^{Studien i.179 ff.}; Dr^{Stud.Bib.i.1 ff.} For Jeve see Sta^{ZAW 1881, 346} De^{ib.1882, 173 f. & Gn. Excurs. ii.}

2. on literature of interpretations see Nes^Eg.67 Dr^{l.c. — Many recent scholars explain} יַהְוֶה as Hiph`il of היה (=היה) the one bringing into being, life-giver (compare חַוָּה Gen 3:20) Schr HSch; giver of existence, creator, Kue Tiele; he who brings to pass (so already Le Clerc),performer of his promises, Lag, Nes^Eg.88 (but Nes^{Eg.91 inclines to Qal as} RS^{Brit. & For. Ev. Rev} see below); or from היה he who causes to fall, rain or lightning RS^{OTJC.ed.1, 423; om.ed.2, 245}, compare We^{Skizzen iii.175}; 'Fäller,' destroying foes, Sta^G.i.429 (dubiously). But most take it as Qal of הוה (= היה); the one who is: i.e. the absolute and unchangeable one, Ri; the existing, ever living, as self-consistent and unchangeable, Di; or the one ever coming into manifestation as the God of redemption, De Oehl; compare also RS^{Brit. & For. Ev. Rev. 1876}, he will be it, i.e all that his servants look for (compare Ew^infr), he will approve himself (give evidence of being, assert his being Dr^l.c.17)).

**Theories of non-Hebrew or non-Semitic origin, opposed (in their older forms) by Bau^{Rel. i. 181 ff. (see especially 230)}; Dl^{Pa 162 ff.} claimed Babylonian origin for יהו, against this Kue^{national Religions, etc., Note iv (Eng. Trans. 329 ff.)} Jastr^{JBL xiil {1894}, 103 f.} compare Hpt^{BAS i. 170 N}; Dl^{Babel u. Bibel, 46 f., 73 f.} makes same claim for יהוה, against this see especially Hirsch^{ZAW xxiil {1903}, 355 ff.} Zim^{KATS. 465 ff.}; Spiegelb^{ZMG:liii {1899}, 633 ff.} proposes (improbable) Egyptian etymology for יהוה; further discussions see in Kö^{EB NAMES, § 112 and n.3}. 'Jehovah' found in Jacob (? Johannes) Wessel († 1480), according to Schw^{ThLZ, 1905, col. 612}.

I. יהוה is not used by E in Genesis, but is given Exod 3:12-15 as the name of the God who revealed Himself to Moses at Horeb, and is explained thus : אֶהְיֶה עִמָּ֑ךְ I shall be with thee (Exod 3:12), which is then implied in אֶהְיֶה אֲשֶׁר אֶהְיֶה I shall be the one who will be it vExod 3:14a (i.e: with thee vExod 3:12) and then compressed into אֶהְיֶה vExod 3:14b (i.e. with thee vExod 3:12), which then is given in the nominal form יהוה He who will be it vExod 3:15 (i.e. with thee vExod 3:12). compare Ew^{BTh ii. 337, 338} RS^{l.c., Proph. 385 ff.} Other interpretations are: I am he who I am, i.e. it is no concern of yours (Le Clerc Lag^{Psalt.Hieron.156}); I am (this is my name), inasmuch as I am (אֲשֶׁר = כִּי; AE JDMich We^JD Th xxi, 540 = compare Hexateuch 72); Di and others I am who I am, he who is essentially unnameable, inexplicable, — E uses יהוה sparingly by the side of אלהים and האלהים in his subsequent narrative. The Ephraimitic writers in Judges Samuel Kings use it in similar proportions. P abstains from the use of יהוה until he gives an account of its revelation to Moses Exod 6:3 but subsequently uses it freely. He gives no explanation of its meaning. He represents that אֵל שַׁדַּי was the God of the patriarchs. J uses יהוה from the beginning of his narrative, possibly explaining it, Gen 21:83 by אל עולם, the evergreen tamarisk being a symbol of the ever-living God; compare De Gen 21:33. Elsewhere יהוה is the common divine name in pre-exilic writers, but in post-exilic writers gradually falls into disuse, and is supplanted by אלהים and אדני. In Job it is used 31 t. in prose parts, and Job 12:9 (a proverb); not elsewhere in the poem. Chronicles apart from his sources prefers אלהים and האלהים. Daniel uses יהוה only in chap. 9 (7 t.); Ecclesiastes not at all. In the Elohistic group of Psalm 42-83 it is used 39 t. (see אלהים) . It occurs as the name of Israel's God MI¹⁸. It is doubtful whether it was used by other branches of the Shemitic family, compare COT Gen 2:4b Dl^{Pa 158 ff.} Dr^{Stud. Bib. i. 7 ff}.

II. 1. יהוה is used with אלהים and suffixes, especially in D;
a. with אֱלֹהֶיךָ in the Ten Words Exod 20:2-12 (5 t.) = Deut 5:6-16 in the law of worship of J E, Exod 23:19; Exod 34:24; Exod 34:26 in D 234 t.; Josh 1:9; Josh 1:17; Josh 9:9; Josh 9:24 (D²); elsewhere Gen 27:20; Exod 15:26 (JE), Judg 6:26 Samuel & Kings 20 t.; 1Chr 11:2; 1Chr 22:11; 1Chr 22:12; 2Chr 9:8 (twice in verse); 2Chr 16:7; Isa 7:11; Isa 37:4 (twice in verse); Isa 41:13; Isa 43:3; Isa 51:15; Isa 55:5; Jer 40:2 + (3t.); Hos 12:10; Hos 13:4; Hos 14:2; Amos 9:15; Ps 81:11.
b. with אֱלֹהֵיכֶם in D 46 t.; D² 28 t.; H 15 t.; P 15 t.; elsewhere Exod 23:25 (E); Exod 8:24; Exod 10:8; Exod 10:16; Exod 10:17 (JE); Judg 6:10; 1Sam 12:12; 1Sam 12:14; 2Kgs 17:39; 2Kgs 23:21; 1Chr 22:18 + (10 t. Chronicles) Ps 76:12; Jer 13:16 + (5 t.) Ezek 20:5; Ezek 20:7; Ezek 20:19; Ezek 20:20; Joel 2:13 + (6 t.) Zech 6:15.
c. with אֱלֹהֵינוּ in D 23 t.; in D² 5 t.; Exod 8:6 (JE) Exod 3:18; Exod 5:3; Exod 8:22; Exod 8:23; Exod 10:25; Exod 10:26 (E) Judg 11:24; 1Sam 7:8; 1Kgs 8:57; 1Kgs 8:59; 1Kgs 8:61; 1Kgs 8:65; 2Kgs 18:22; 2Kgs 19:10 = Isa 36:7; Isa 37:20; 1Chr 13:2 + (15 t. Chronicles) Mic 4:5; Mic 7:17; Isa 26:13; Jer 3:22 + (17 t.) Ps 20:8; Ps 90:17 (?;Baer אֲדנָֹי); Ps 94:23; Ps 99:5; Ps 99:8; Ps 99:9 (twice in verse); Ps 105:7; Ps 106:47; Ps 113:5; Ps 122:9; Ps 123:2; Dan 9:10; Dan 9:13; Dan 9:14.
d. with אֱלֹהֵיהֶם Exod 10:7 (J) Exod 29:46 (twice in verse); Lev 26:44 (P) Judg 3:7; Judg 8:34; 1Sam 12:9; 1Kgs 9:9; 2Kgs 17:7; 2Kgs 17:9; 2Kgs 17:14; 2Kgs 17:16; 2Kgs 17:19; 2Kgs 18:12; 2Chr 31:6; 2Chr 33:17; 2Chr 34:33; Neh 9:3 (twice in verse); Neh 9:4; Jer 3:21; Jer 22:9; Jer 30:9; Jer 43:1 (twice in verse); Jer 50:4; Ezek 28:26; Ezek 34:30; Ezek 39:22; Ezek 39:28; Hos 1:7; Hos 3:5; Hos 7:10; Zeph 2:7; Hag 1:12 (twice in verse); Zech 9:16; Zech 10:6.
e. with אֱלֹהָיו Num 23:21 (E) Exod 32:11 (J) Lev 4:22 (P) Deut 17:19; Deut 18:7; 1Sam 30:6; 1Kgs 5:17; 1Kgs 11:4; 1Kgs 15:3; 1Kgs 15:4; 1Kgs 2:11; 1Kgs 16:2; 1Kgs 2:1 + 13 t. Chronicles; Mic 5:3; Jer 7:28; Ps 33:12; Ps 144:15; Ps 146:5; Jonah 2:2. feminine with אֱלֹהַי Num 22:18 (JE) Deut 4:5; Deut 18:16; Deut 26:14; Josh 14:8; Josh 14:9; 2Sam 24:24; 1Kgs 3:7; 1Kgs 5:18; 1Kgs 5:19; 1Kgs 8:28; 1Kgs 17:20; 1Kgs 17:21; 1Chr 21:17; 1Chr 22:7; 2Chr 2:3; 2Chr 6:19; 2Chr 9:5; Ps 7:2; Ps 7:4; Ps 13:4; Ps 18:29; Ps 30:3; Ps 30:13; Ps 35:24; Ps 40:6; Ps 104:1; Ps 109:26; Isa 25:1; Jer 31:18; Dan 9:4; Dan 9:20; Jonah 2:7; Hab 1:12; Zech 11:4; Zech 13:9; Zech 14:5.
g. with אֱלֹהַיִךְ Isa 60:9; Jer 2:17; Jer 2:19; Jer 3:13; Mic 7:10; Zeph 3:17.
h. with אלהים, probably always due to later editors, or to a Qr which has crept into the text Gen 2:4b — Gen 3:23 (J, 20 t. either אלהים inserted by R^P as Di De; or יהוה inserted by J in an older source); Exod 9:30 (J, but not in ᵐ5 ⅏; Samaritan אדני יהוה; possibly ᵑ0 from earlier Qr, & ⅏ from later Qr); 2Sam 7:22; 2Sam 7:25 (ᵐ5 אדני יהוה and 1Chr 17:20-23 only יהוה); 1Chr 17:16; 1Chr 17:17 (but 2Sam 7:18; 2Sam 7:19 אדני יהוה) 1Chr 28:20; 1Chr 29:1; 2Chr 1:9; 2Chr 6:41 (twice in verse); 2Chr 6:42; 2Chr 26:18 (but in the original Ps 132:8 stood יהוה (so ℌ), or else no divine name); Ps 72:18 (the late doxology) Ps 84:12 (but it makes the line too long); Jonah 4:6. For the combinations with other divine names see those names.

2. the phrase אֲנִי יהוה is noteworthy: —
a. after אמר either alone Exod 6:2; Exod 6:29 (P) or before relative and other clauses: Gen 28:13 (J) Gen 15:7 (R) Exod 6:6 (P) with אלהיכם Judg 6:10; Ezek 20:5.
b. after ידע כי (α) Exod 7:17; Exod 8:18; Exod 10:2 (J); Exod 7:5; Exod 14:4; Exod 14:18 (P); 1Kgs 20:13; 1Kgs 20:28; Jer 24:7; Ezek 6:7 + 48 t. Ezekiel; (β) with אלהיכם Exod 6:7; Exod 16:12; Deut 29:5 (P) Exod 20:20; Joel 4:17 (γ) with אלהיהם Exod 29:46 (P) Ezek 28:26; Ezek 34:30; Ezek 39:22; Ezek 39:28 (δ) before relative and other clauses Isa 45:3; Isa 49:23; Isa 49:26; Isa 60:16; Ezek 7:9; Ezek 17:24; Ezek 21:10; Ezek 22:22; Ezek 35:12; Ezek 36:36 (ε) with various forms of קדשׁ Exod 31:13 (P) Ezek 20:12; Ezek 37:28; Ezek 39:7 (ζ) with דברתי Ezek 5:13; Ezek 17:21, compare ׳יֵדְעוּ אשׁר אני י Ezek 20:26.
c. after כִּי in various combinations Lev 11:44; Lev 11:45; Num 35:34 (P), Lev 20:7; Lev 20:26; Lev 21:8; Lev 21:15; Lev 21:23; Lev 22:16; Lev 24:22; Lev 25:17; Lev 26:1; Lev 26:44 (all H); Exod 15:26 (R) Isa 41:13; Isa 43:3; Isa 61:8; Jer 9:23; Ezek 12:25; Ezek 21:4; Zech 10:6; Mal 3:6.
d. emphatic Exod 6:8; Exod 12:12; Lev 26:2; Lev 26:45; Num 3:13; Num 3:41; Num 3:45 (all P); Lev 18:5; Lev 18:6; Lev 18:21; Lev 19:12; Lev 19:14; Lev 19:16; Lev 19:18; Lev 19:28; Lev 19:30; Lev 19:32; Lev 19:37; Lev 21:12; Lev 22:2; Lev 22:3; Lev 22:8; Lev 22:30; Lev 22:31; Lev 22:33 (all H) Isa 43:15 with אלהיהם Exod 29:46 with אלהיךָ Isa 48:17 with אלהיכם Lev 23:43; Lev 25:38; Lev 25:55; Num 10:10; Num 15:41 (twice in verse) (P) Lev 18:2; Lev 18:4; Lev 18:30; Lev 19:2; Lev 19:3; Lev 19:4; Lev 19:10; Lev 19:25; Lev 19:31; Lev 19:34; Lev 19:36; Lev 20:24; Lev 23:22; Lev 26:13 (all H) Ezek 20:7; Ezek 20:19; Joel 2:27 with מְקַדֵּשׁ Lev 20:8; Lev 22:9; Lev 22:32 (H), with דברתי Num 14:35 (P) Ezek 5:15 + (11 t. Ezekiel); with clauses Isa 27:3; Isa 41:4; Isa 41:17; Isa 42:6; Isa 42:8; Isa 45:5; Isa 45:6; Isa 45:7; Isa 45:8; Isa 45:18; Isa 45:19; Isa 45:21; Isa 60:22; Jer 17:10; Jer 32:27; Ezek 14:4; Ezek 14:7; Ezek 14:9; Ezek 34:24 אָנֹכִי יהוה is used in the Ten Words Exod 20:2; Exod 20:5 = Deut 5:6; Deut 5:9 cited Ps 81:11; Hos 12:10; Hos 13:4 elsewhere only Exod 4:11 (J) Isa 43:11; Isa 44:24; Isa 51:15.

3. יהוה is also used with several predicates, to form sacred names of holy places of Yahweh יהוה יראה Gen 22:14 (J); יהוה נסי Exod 17:15 (E) יהוה שׁלים Judg 6:24 יהוה צדקנו Jer 33:16 (compare Jer 23:6 where it is applied to the Messiah); יהוה שָׁ֑מָּה Ezek 48:35. — On combinations such as ׳הַר י, צְבָאוֺת ׳י etc., see הַר, צָבָא, etc.

Note. — Bonk^{ZAW 1891, 126 ff.} seems to shew that as prefix, in compare proper name, יְהוֺ is the oldest and the latest form and that יוֺ is intermediate, belonging to the earlier post-exilic period until the time of Chronicles; occasional copyists' mistakes being taken into the account.

BDB2145 H1961

הָיָה₃₅₇₀ verb fall out, come to pass, become, be (SI¹; SI⁶ היה, ib³ הית; parallel form of הוה, Arabic , Aramaic הֲוָא, ; see הָוָה above) —

Qal Perfect 3 masculine singular הָיָה Gen 3:1 +; וְהָיָה consecutive Gen 4:14 +; 3 feminine singular הָֽיְתָה Gen 1:2 +; הָיָ֑תָה Isa 14:24 + 3 t.; וְהָֽיְתָה consecutive Gen 9:13 +; והית2Kgs 9:37 Kt (Qr וְהָֽיְתָה); 2 masculine singular הָיִיתָ Deut 5:15 +; 1 singular הָיִיתִיGen 31:40 3 plural הָיוּ Gen 6:4 +; 2 masculine plural הֱיִיתֶ ם Exod 22:20 +; וִהְיִיתֶם consecutive Gen 3:5 +; 1 plural הָיִינוּIsa 1:9 +; etc.; Imperfect 3 masculine singular יִהְיֶה Gen 1:29 +; jussive יְהִיGen 1:3 +; יֶהִ֑י Ezek 16:15 וִיהִיGen 1:6 +; וַיְהִי Gen 1:3 +; וַיֶּ֑הִי Ps 33:9; Ezek 16:19 3 feminine singular תִּהְיֶה Gen 21:30 +; 1 singular אֶהְיֶה Exod 3:12 +; וָאֶהְיֶה2Sam 7:6 + 9 t.; וָאֱהִי Judg 18:4 + 12 t.; 3 masculine plural יִהְיוּ Gen 6:19 +; 3 feminine plural תִּהְיֶינָהIsa 16:2 + 19 t.; תִּהְיֶין֣Gen 41:36 + 11 t.; וְתִהְיֶנָה Jer 18:21; Jer 48:6 וַתִּהְיֶינָה 2Sam 20:3 + 6 t.; וַתִּהְיֶיןָGen 26:35; 1Sam 25:43 וַתִּהְיֶנָה 1Chr 7:15 2 masculine plural תִהְיוּ Gen 34:15 +; תִהְיוּן Exod 22:20 1 plural נִהְיֶה Gen 38:23 +; וַנִּהְיֶה2Sam 11:23; Jer 44:17 וַנְּהִי Num 13:33; Isa 64:5, etc.; Imperative masculine singular הֱיֵה Exod 18:19 +; feminine singular הֲיִיGen 24:60 masculine plural הֱיוּExod 19:15; Num 16:16, וִהְיוּ 1Sam 4:9 + 6 t.; Infinitive absolute הָיוֺ Gen 18:18 + 3 t.; הָיֹה 1Kgs 13:32; Ezek 1:3 construct הֱיוֺת Gen 2:18 +, so read probably also for הֱיֵה Ezek 21:15 compare Sm Kö^{i. p. 600 f.} (Co em. היהלֿה to הָהֵל shine, glitter); with prefix בִּהְיוֺת Exod 5:13 +, בִּהְיֹת Exod 19:16 +; לִהְיוֺת Gen 10:8 +, לִהְיֹת Exod 23:1 +; suffix הֱיוֺתִי Jonah 4:2 הֱיוֺתְךָ Judg 18:19 (twice in verse); לִהְיֹתְךָ Deut 26:10, etc.; Participle feminine הוֺיָה Exod 9:3.

I. 1. a. Fall out, happen מֶההָֿיָה הַדָּבָר 1Sam 4:16 how has the matter fallen out, (gone, turned out) ? so 2Sam 1:4 מֶההָֿיָה לוֺ Exod 32:1; Exod 32:23 (both J E) what has happened to him? compare 1Sam 10:12 מִקְרֶה הוּא הָיָה לָנוּ 1Sam 6:9 a chance it is that has befallen us; also וַיְהִילֿוֺ כֵּן 2Kgs 7:20 and so it happened to him, compare וַיְהִיכֵֿן below
b. occur, take place, come about, come to pass: — גְדוֺלָה הָֽיְתָה בָּעָם מַגֵּפָה 1Sam 4:17 a great slaughter has taken place among the people, compare 2Sam 17:9 וַתְּהִי הַמִּלְחָמָה בְּיַעַר אֶפְרַיִם 2Sam 18:6 and the battle took place in the wood of Ephraim (on אפרים compare Klo Dr); Josh 22:17 (P; of plague); תְּהִי נָא אָלָה Gen 26:28 (J) let an oath take place (be taken) so Judg 21:5 compare 2Kgs 17:7 (si vera lectio), Ezek 16:34 especially late, 2Chr 29:36; 2Chr 32:31; Eccl 1:9; Eccl 1:10; Eccl 3:22; Eccl 8:7; Eccl 10:14 etc.; often of fulfilment of prediction, command, expectation, etc.: — כֵּן הָיָה Gen 41:3 (E) so it came to pass, 2Sam 13:25, וַיְהִיכֵֿן Judg 6:38; 2Kgs 15:12; Isa 29:5, & especially וַיְהִיכֵֿן Gen 1:7; Gen 1:9; Gen 1:11; Gen 1:15; Gen 1:24; Gen 1:30 (all P) +; יְהִי כִדְבָרֶ֑ךָ Gen 30:34 let it be as thou sayest, Zech 6:15, see also לֹא תָקוּם וְלֹא יִהְיֶה Isa 7:7 it shall not arise (be realized) & shall not come about, Isa 14:34 (so often בּוֺא q. v. 2 c, p. 98 above)

2. especially & very often, come about, come to pass followed by substantive (subject) clause almost always + modifying (usually temporal) clause or phrase:
a. ( I) וַיְהִי and it came to pass that, most often (c. 292 t.) followed by
(a) Imperfect consecutive: a. with Infinitive with כְּ temporal Gen 12:14; Gen 19:17 (both J) + 75 t. + Esth 3:4 Qr (Hexateuch chiefly J, — so always Genesis, — & J E; P only Exod 16:10, D only Deut 5:20; Deut 31:24; Josh 5:1; Josh 9:1 27 t. in Kings), — somewhat different is 2Kgs 7:18 β. with Infinitive with בְּ Gen 4:8; Gen 11:2 (both J) + 29 t. + Esth 3:4 Kt (in Hexateuch 10 t. J E; 3 t. P, Gen 19:29; Exod 34:29; Num 17:7 not in D); γ. with בְּ followed by temporal noun (יוֺם, בֹּקֶר, etc.) Gen 21:22 (E) Gen 26:32 (J) + 45 t. (Hes 14 t. J E; 3 t. P, Exod 6:28; Exod 16:13; Num 7:1 not D); δ. לְ temporal 1Sam 1:20; 2Sam 13:23; 1Kgs 20:26; 1Chr 20:1 ε. כְּ temporal Gen 39:11; 1Sam 25:38 ζ. מִן temporal namely: מֵאָז Gen 39:5, מִיּוֺם 1Sam 7:2 compare 1Sam 30:25, מִיָּמִים Judg 11:4; Judg 15:1, מִקֵּץ Gen 4:3; Gen 8:6 + 6 t., מִקְצֵה Josh 3:2; 2Kgs 8:3; Ezek 3:16, especially מִמָּחֳרָת Gen 19:34; Exod 18:13 + 11 t.; η. כַּאֲשֶׁר temporal Gen 12:11 (J) Gen 20:13 (E) + 31 t. (Hexateuch 13 t. J E, Deut 2:16, not P), characteristic of Nehemiah's memoris, Neh 3:33; Neh 4:1; Neh 4:6; Neh 4:9; Neh 6:1; Neh 6:16; Neh 7:1; Neh 13:19 θ. with כִּי temporal Gen 6:1 (J) Exod 3:21 (E) + 14 t. + Judg 16:25 Kt; ι. אַחֲרֵי temporal Gen 22:20 (J) + 13 t., אַחַר Gen 39:7; Job 42:7, אַחֲרֵיכֵֿן Judg 16:14 + 6 t.; κ. followed by עַד temporal 1Sam 14:19 (on which compare Dr); compare עַדכֹּֿה וְעַדכֹּֿה 1Kgs 18:45 λ. with combinations; as בְּ with temporal noun + בְּ Infinitive Gen 34:25; Exod 19:16; 1Sam 25:37 בְּ Infinitive + כְּ Infinitive Josh 3:14 double preposition כְּמִשְּׁלשׁ חֳדָשִׁים Gen 38:24 מִקְצֵה + אַחֲרֵי אֲשֶׁר Josh 9:16 מִיָּמִים + id. Josh 23:1 μ. other unusual constructions under this head are: those where temporal idea is expressed by a circumstantial clause Isa 22:7; 1Kgs 13:20; 2Kgs 8:21 (Dr^{§ 165, &} Οβς.) = 2Chr 21:9 those with indefinite כֹּל 1Sam 10:11; 2Sam 2:23; 2Sam 15:2, or with participle = rel. clause 1Sam 11:1 (on all see Dr^{§ 78 n.} & Sm); quite unique is 1Kgs 16:31, with הֲנָקֵל ׳לָכְתּוֺ וגוin place of temporal clause
(b) וַיְהִי sometimes followed by simple Perfect, with a negative Gen 39:10 (with כְּ Infinitive), Exod 13:17 (with בְּ Infinitive) 2Kgs 12:7; 2Kgs 17:25 (both with בְּ temporal); & without negative, Gen 8:13 (P) Gen 14:1 +, usually with בְּ temporal (38 t.), Hexateuch chiefly P; rarely with other preposition & adverb as above; note especially מִדֵּי followed by Infinitive 1Sam 18:30; 2Chr 12:11 sometimes the subject of following Perfect precedes it with וְ, as Gen 22:1; Gen 41:1; 1Sam 18:19; 1Sam 30:1; 2Kgs 2:9; 2Kgs 4:40 +; note especially 2Sam 17:27 where several subject & also several objects precede the Perfect (compare Dr); in these cases temporal modifier is occasionally a circumstantial clause 2Sam 13:30; 1Kgs 8:10; 2Kgs 19:37 = Isa 37:38 rarely subject precedes Perfect without וְ 1Kgs 11:4; 1Kgs 21:1, compare subject preceding Participle without וְ Neh 4:10 in 2Chr 8:1 the object (with וְ) precedes what is apparently the principal verb
(c) וַיְהִי followed by וְהִנֵּה Gen 24:15 (J; טֶרֶם in temporal clause), Gen 29:25 (E), Gen 38:27 (J, both בְּ temporal) vGen 38:29 (כְּ Participle), 1Sam 13:10 (כְּ Infinitive); also 2Sam 1:2; 2Sam 13:36; 2Sam 15:32 (circumstantial clause) 2Kgs 2:11 (id.), 2Kgs 3:20; 2Kgs 13:21 (circumstantial clause).
(d) rarely וַיְהִי (in this sense) followed by other constructions: אָז יִתֵּן 1Kgs 9:10 (with מִקְצֵה); Imperfect frequentative 1Kgs 14:28 (with מִדֵּיבּֿאֹ), 2Kgs 4:8 (with מִדֵּי עָבְרוֺ) Jer 36:23 (with כְּ Infinitive); Perfect consecutive frequentative 2Chr 24:11 (with בְּ temporal). (2) rarely also Perfect with וְ conjunctive וְהָיָה (compare Dr^{§ 183}) followed by Imperfect consecutive as subject clause: 1Sam 1:12 (c. several circumstantial clause), 1Sam 10:9 (with כְּ Infinitive) 2Kgs 3:15 (id.), 1Sam 17:48 (with כִּי), Jer 37:11 (with בְּ Infinitive), Amos 7:2 (with אִם temporal); also Jer 3:9 (apparently with מִן causative, but obscure); 1Sam 13:22 (with בְּ temporal) is followed by וְלֹא & Perfect as well as Imperfect consecutive
b. less often וְהָיָה Perfect consecutive and it shall come to pass, or frequentative,came to pass (repeatedly, etc.) usually
(a) followed by simple Imperfect (c. 100 t.): a. with בְּ temporal Deut 21:16; Deut 25:19 + 37 t., (especially בַּיּוֺם הַהוּא Hos 2:18; Hos 2:33; Isa 7:18; Isa 7:21; Isa 7:23 + 21 t.); β. with בְּ local Ezek 47:23; Zech 13:8 compare also Hos 2:1 (בִּמְקוֺם אֲשֶׁר, but perhaps = instead of, compare VB); γ. with indefinite rel. clause, or its equivalents (כֹּל indefinite, etc.), compare Dr^{§ 121}, Obs. 1: Gen 4:14; Num 17:20; Deut 12:11; Deut 18:19; Josh 7:14; Josh 7:15; Judg 7:4; 1Sam 2:36; 1Sam 17:25; 2Sam 15:35; 1Kgs 19:17; 1Kgs 20:6; Isa 4:3; Isa 24:18; Nah 3:7; Jer 27:8; Jer 42:4; Ezek 47:9; Zech 14:17; Joel 3:5 δ. with כַּאֲשֶׁר Num 33:56; Deut 28:63; Josh 23:15; Judg 7:17; Isa 29:8; Jer 31:28; Zech 8:13 ε. less often with other modifying phrase: כְּ Infinitive Exod 33:8; Exod 33:9 (both frequentative), Josh 3:13; Josh 8:8; Jer 25:12; Jer 51:63 בְּ Infinitive Gen 9:14 (P) 2Kgs 4:10; Ezek 44:17 אִם of condition Deut 20:11 (+ vDeut 20:11 Dr^{§ 118 n}.), also Josh 22:18, where the arrangement is peculiar, & the condition is expressed without אִם (compare Dr^{§ 155}); לְ temporal Deut 23:12 מִקֵּץ Isa 23:17 טֶרֶם Isa 65:24 מִדֵּי חֹדֶשׁ בְּחָדְשׁוֺ Isa 66:23, etc.
(b) וְהָיָה followed by Perfect consecutive (c. 85 t.): α. most often + clause with כִּי temporal Gen 12:12; Gen 46:33 (both J) Exod 1:10 (E) Deut 11:29; Isa 8:21 + 25 t.; β. with אִם Exod 4:8; Exod 4:9; Num 15:24; Deut 11:13 + 14 t.; also Gen 38:9; Num 21:9 (both frequentative); γ. with בְּ temporal Gen 30:41 (frequentative) Gen 47:24 (but compare Ol Di) Exod 16:5 + 11 t.; δ. with indefinite rel. clause or equivalent (Dr^{§ 121} Obs. 1): Gen 24:14; Num 10:32 (Dr^{§ 118 n}.) Num 21:18; Deut 21:3; Judg 11:31; Judg 19:30; Zech 14:16 ε. occasionally with other modifying phrase: כַּאֲשֶׁר Gen 27:40 +; כְּ Infinitive Gen 44:31 +; בְּ Infinitive Exod 33:22 +; מִקֵּץ 2Sam 14:26 עֵקֶב causative Deut 7:12 also
(c) followed by וְלֹא + simple Imperfect Exod 3:21 (with כִּי temporal).
(d) וְהָיָה followed by Imperative (very rare) Deut 6:10 (with כִּי temporal), 1Sam 10:7 (with כִּי), compare 1Sam 29:10, compare Perfect consecutive in command 1Sam 3:9 (with אִם).
(e) וְהָיָה followed by simple Perfect (also very rare) Deut 8:19 (with אִם).
(f) וְהָיָה followed by clause without verb: Gen 24:43; Josh 2:19; 1Kgs 18:24 (all with indefinite rel. modifier, or equivalents, see
(a) γ,
(b) δ, above).
(g) וְהָיָה (ו conjunctive) followed by Imperfect consecutive see
a.
(e) above

II. Come into being, become: —

1. a. absolute, in lively narrative, arise, appear, come וַתְּהִי צְעָקָה גְדֹלָהExod 12:80 (J) and there arose a great cry in Egypt; וַיְהִיקֿוֺל Ezek 1:25 (strike out Co compare Da), Ezek 37:7 (strike out קוֺל ᵐ5 Co); כִּי הָֽיְתָה הָֽרְוָחָה Exod 8:11 (J) Pharaoh saw that respite had come; Mic 7:4 now shall come their confusion (|| בוא); also of concrete objects וְהָֽיְתָה הַקֶּשֶׁת בֶּעָנָן Gen 9:16 (P) and the bow shall appear in the clouds (|| וְנִרְאֲתָה) וְרִמָּה לֹא הָֽיְתָה בּוֺ Exod 16:24 (P) and worms did not appear in it; of condition or action begun & continuing, as: famine Gen 12:10; Gen 26:1 (twice in verse) (all J), Gen 41:54 (E), Ruth 1:1; 2Sam 21:1; 2Kgs 6:25 strife Gen 13:7; Gen 13:8 (J), Hab 1:3 (|| מָדוֺן יִשָּׂא); often of action of the elements, as the coming of hail Exod 9:18; Exod 9:24; Exod 9:26 (all J), thunder & lighting, etc., Exod 19:16 (E), rain 1Kgs 18:45, storm Jonah 1:4 especially of creative fiats יְהִי אוֺר וַיְהִי אוֺר Gen 1:3 let light appear, and light appeared, compare vGen 1:5 vGen 1:8 vGen 1:13 vGen 1:19 vGen 1:23 vGen 1:31 (all P); also arise, come on the stage or scene, וְאַחֲרָיו הָיָה שַׁמְגַּר Judg 3:31 and after him arose Shamgar (= וַיָּקָם Judg 10:1); further וַעֲלָטָה הָיָה Gen 15:17 (JE) and darkness came on; הַבֹּקֶר הָיָה Exod 10:13 (J) the morning came, Exod 19:16 (E); וַיְהִי הַיּוֺם 1Sam 1:4 and the day came, when (see Dr), 1Sam 14:1; 2Kgs 4:8; 2Kgs 4:11; 2Kgs 4:18; Job 1:6; Job 1:18; Job 2:1.
b. followed by preposition: בְּ, וְיָדֵנוּ אַלתְּֿהִיבֿוֺ Gen 37:27 (J) but our hand, let it not come upon him, of hand of ׳יּ 1Sam 5:9; 1Sam 7:13; 1Sam 12:15 + (all in hostile sense); בְּכָלשֲֶֿֿׁר יֶשׁלֿוֺ ׳וַיְהִי בִּרְכַּת י Gen 39:5 (J) and the blessing of ׳י came into (on) all that he had; but also of plague Exod 12:13 (P); followed by עַל, וּמֵי הַמַּבּוּל הָיוּ עַלהָֿאָרֶץ Gen 7:10 (J) that the waters of the flood came upon the earth; עָלַי הָיוּ כֻלָּ֑נָה Gen 42:36 (E) Gen 9:2 (P) fear shall come upon, compare Gen 35:25 (P) 2Chr 14:13; 2Chr 17:19; 2Chr 20:29 +; of wrath Josh 22:20; 1Kgs 3:27 so of Saul's evil spirit from God 1Sam 16:16; 1Sam 16:23; 1Sam 19:9 (אֶל); but followed by עַל also in good sense ׳וַתְּהִי עָלָיו רוּחַ י conferring strength & efficiency Judg 3:10; Judg 11:29 (היה = צלח Judg 14:6 + often), compare Num 24:2 (JE) of prophetic power; (on ׳וַתְּהִי לָיו יַד י 2Kgs 3:15; Ezek 3:22 and the like, see יָד); יַד אֱלֹהֵינוּ הָֽיְתָה עָלֵינוּ Ezra 8:31, so Ps 80:18 even וַתְּהִי עַלרֿאֹשׁ דָּוִד 2Sam 12:30 and it (the crown, עֲטֶרֶת) came (i.e. was put, set) on David's head; with a different meaning וַנִּהְיֶה עֲלֵיהֶם עַדפֶּֿתַח הַשָּׁ֑עַר 2Sam 11:23 and we were close upon them even to the gateway (compare We Dr); come, go, follow (followed by אַחֲרֵי) i.e. take the side of, adhere to, Exod 23:2 (JE) 1Sam 12:14; 2Sam 2:10; 1Kgs 12:20; 1Kgs 16:21 followed by לְ of blessings Gen 49:26 (poem); of judgement, punishment Jer 40:3 especially ויהי דבר֗֗֗ אֶל and the word of ... came unto: word of Samuel 1Sam 4:1 usually word of God (or ׳י) Gen 15:1; 1Sam 15:10 +; constantly in prophets: Hos 1:1; Mic 1:1 etc.; especially Jeremiah & Ezekiel: Jer 1:4; Jer 1:11; Jer 1:13; Jer 2:1; Jer 13:8 +; Ezek 3:16; Ezek 6:1; Ezek 7:1; Ezek 11:14; Ezek 11:17; Ezek 11:21; Ezek 11:26; Ezek 12:1; Ezek 12:8 +; so also absolute הָיָה הַמַּשָּׂא הַזֶּה Isa 14:28 in the death-year of king Ahaz came this utterance; also followed by מִן; מַלְכֵי עַמִּים מִמֶּנָּה יִהְיוּ Gen 17:16 (P), וּקְהַל גּוֺיִם יִהְיֶה מִמֶּ֑ךָּ Gen 35:11 (P), וְהָיָה אַדִּירוֺ מִמֶּנּוּ Jer 30:21 (|| מִקִּרְבּוֺ יֵצֵא); הַכֹּל הָיָה מִןהֶֿעָפָר וְהַכֹּל שָׁב אֶל הֶעָפָר Eccl 3:20 all came from the dust, & all return unto the dust; וַיְהִי קֶצֶף גָּדוֺל מֵאֵת צְבָאוֺת ׳י Zech 7:12.

2. become :
a. followed by predicate noun (to be viewed as implicit accusative Dr^{§ 161, 3 n.}, according to the Arabic usage W^{AG ii, § 41. 44. 74}): הִוא הָֽיְתָה אֵם כָּלחָֿ֑י Gen 3:20 (J) it was she that became the mother of all living; וַיְהִי הֶבֶל רֹעֵה צאֹן וְקַיִן הָיָה עֹבֵד אֲדָמָהGen 4:2 (J) and Abel became a shepherd of flocks, while Cain became a tiller of ground; 2Sam 8:14; Mic 2:11 + often
b. followed by predicate adjective Gen 38:7; Exod 36:13 +; compare Gen 37:20 let us see what his dream will become (turn out to be, signify);
c. become like (כְּ), וִהְיִיתֶם כֵּאלֹהִים Gen 3:5 and ye shall become like gods compare vGen 3:22, Num 11:1 (JE), Hos 2:1; Hos 7:11; Isa 9:18; 1Kgs 7:8; Zech 9:7 +; compare Gen 15:5 so (כֹּה) shall thy seed become; specifically of likeness in punishment Isa 1:9; 1Sam 17:36 +; also with כְּ repeated וְהָיָה כָעָם כַּכֹּהֵן Hos 4:9 and the people shall become like the priest (literally, and the like of the people shall become the like of the priest), so especially Isa 24:2 (6 pairs of words as above); וְהָיָה כַצַּדִּיק כָּרָשָׁע Gen 18:25 (J), see כְּ. b + c Gen 27:32 his hands had become like the hands of Esau his brother, hairy.
d. followed by predicate + לְ person וּתְהִי אִשָּׁה לְבֶןאֲֿדֹנֶיךָ Gen 24:51 (J) and let her become wife to the son of thy lord, 1Sam 16:21; 1Kgs 11:25; Ps 89:42; 1Chr 18:6 +; = be instituted, estanblished, וְהָיָה לָהֶםחָקעֿוֺלָם Exod 30:21 (P) and it shall be established for them as a perpetual ordinance (compare f below).
e. followed by לְ predicate: וַיְהִי הָאָדָם לְנֶפֶשׁ חַיָּה Gen 2:7 (J) and the man became a living soul; וְהָיָה לְאַרְבָּעָה רָאשִׁיםGen 2:10 (J) and it became four heads; גַּםהֿוּא יִהְיֶהלְֿעָם Gen 48:19 (J) he too shall become a people; וִהְיוּ לַאֲנָשִׁים 1Sam 4:9 and become (shew yourselves to be) men (|| הִתְחַזְּקוּ; compare with double לְ, f below); Zeph 1:13; Ezek 17:6; Ezek 47:12; Job 16:8 עלמֶלֶךְ עַלכָּֿלהָֿאָרֶץ ׳וְהָיָה י Zech 14:9 וַיְהִי לְמַס עֹבֵד Gen 49:15; Josh 16:10 so often; also in sense of turn into, be changed so as to become, וַיְהִי לְנָחָשׁExod 4:3 and it became a serpent, vExod 4:4; Exod 7:10; Isa 1:22; Deut 26:5 +; figurative וַיְהִי לְמָ֑יִם Josh 7:5 and it (their heart) turned to water, so וְהוּא הָיָה לְאֶבֶן 1Sam 25:37 or, serve as וְהָיוּ לִמְאוֺרֹת Gen 1:15 (P) and they shall become (fulfil the function of, serve as) luminaries, compare vGen 1:14 וְהָיָה לְאוֺת בְּרִית Gen 9:13; Gen 17:11 (both P). feminine often with לְ predicate + לְ person: וַתְּהִי לָהֶם הַלְּבֵנָה לְאָ֑בֶןGen 11:3 (J) and the bricks became (served as) stone for them; וַתְּהִי לִי לְאִשָּׁה Gen 20:12 (E) compare Gen 24:67 (J) +, וַתִּהְיֶינָה מַחְלָה וְחָגְלָה ֗֗֗ לַבְנֵי דֹדֵיהֶן לְנָשִׁים Num 36:11 וְהָיָה לְךָ וְלָהֶם לְאָכְלָה Num 6:21 (P), Exod 2:10; Exod 15:2; Judg 8:27 לִי לֵאלֹהִים ׳וְהָיָה י Gen 28:21 (E); אֲנִי אֶהְיֶה לוֺ לְאָב וְהוּא יִהְיֶהלִֿי לְבֵן 1Chr 17:3 +; = shew or prove oneself as הֱיֵהלִֿי לְבֶןחַֿיִל 1Sam 18:17 shew thyself for me a valiant man (compare 1Sam 4:9 e above); = be instituted, established (compare e above) וְהָיָה לְאַהֲרֹן וּלְבָנָיו לְחָקעֿוֺלָם Exod 29:28 and it shall be instituted for Aaron and his sons as a perpetual ordinance; compare vExod 29:9; Lev 10:15 וְהָֽיְתָה לִהְיֹת לָהֶם מָשְׁחָתָם לִכְהֻנַּת עוֺלָם לְדֹרֹתָם Exod 40:15 (all P).
g. with עַל and לְ 1Sam 22:2 וַיְהִי עֲלֵיהֶם לְשָׂר and he became over them prince.
h. sometimes with לְ person only = become the property of, come into the possession of ׳וַיְהִילֿוֺ צאֹןוּֿבָקָר וְגו Gen 12:15 (J), and he came to have flocks and herds etc., Gen 26:14; Gen 30:43 לֹא לוֺ יִהְיֶה הַזָּ֑רַע Gen 38:9 not his should the seed become; ׳וְהָיָה לי Judg 11:31 it shall become Yah-weh's; Deut 10:9; Josh 13:29; 1Kgs 10:26; 1Kgs 11:3 + often; so of a woman, as wife תְּהִינָֿא לְךָ Judg 15:2 pray let her become thine, compare also וַתְּהִי אֵשֶׁת שִׁמְשׁוֺן לְמֵרֵעֵהוּ Judg 14:20, Hos 3:3; Ruth 1:13; Lev 21:3; Deut 24:2; Jer 3:1; Ezek 16:8 (and also + לְאִשָּׁה, לְנָשִׁים see f above)III. Be (often with subordinate idea of becoming); —

1. exist, be in existence (i.e. originally have come into existence), כָּלהַֿיּמִים אֲשֶׁר הָיָה 1Sam 1:28 all the days which he shall have been (lived, = חַי Gen 5:5 etc., Dr^Sm), Job 3:16; Isa 23:13 often with בְּ local וְכֹל שִׂיחַ הַשָּׂדֶה טֶרֶם יִהְיֶה בָאָרֶץ Gen 2:5 (J) and there was not yet in the earth any shrub of the field; ׳וּבְאֵלֶּה לֹא הָיָה אִישׁ וגו Num 26:64 (P) and among them there was not a man to be found, etc.; also וְלֹא הָיָה כַּיּוֺם הַהוּא לְפָנָיו וְאַחֲרָיו Josh 10:14 (JE) & there hath not been a day like that before it nor since. compare 2Sam 14:25; 2Sam 1:5; 2Sam 21:25; 2Sam 23:25; +; somewhat weaker, in the frequently introductory clause וַיְהִי אִישׁ now there was a man Judg 13:2; 1Sam 1:1; 1Sam 9:1; Num 9:6 (P), Job 1:1 +; on אֶהְיֶה אֲשֶׁר אֶהְיֶה Exod 3:14 see יהוֺה.

2. abide, remain, continue (with word of place or time) וַיְהִי משֶׁה בָּהָר Exod 24:18 and Moses remainded in the mount forty days, etc., so Exod 34:28 (both J E), Judg 17:4; Judg 17:12; 1Sam 6:1; 1Kgs 11:20; 2Kgs 11:3 = 2Chr 22:12 +; also Lev 22:27; Lev 25:28 (both H), etc.; followed by עַד temporal remain until Deut 22:2; 1Kgs 11:40; 2Kgs 15:5; 2Chr 5:9; 2Chr 26:21; Dan 1:21 etc.; compare הוּא יִהְיֶה לְעוֺלָם Eccl 3:14 so also of space followed by עַד extend unto, as far as, Josh 19:10: of net beneath altar, Exod 27:5 shall reach as far as (עַד) the middle of the altar.

3. with word of locality, be in or at a place, be situated stand, lie; בִּהְיוֺתָם בַּשָּׂדֶה Gen 4:8 (J) when they were in the field, הַמָּקוֺם אֲשֶׁרהָֿיָה שָׁם אָהֳלֹה בַּתְּחִלָּה Gen 13:3 (J) the place where his tent had stood at first; וְהָאָרֶץ תִּהְיֶה לִפְנֵיכֶם Gen 34:10 and the land, it lieth before you; compare Josh 19:1; Judg 7:1; Judg 7:8; Mic 5:6; Mic 5:7 followed by עַל be, be found or situated upon Isa 30:25 and there shall be upon every high mountain etc., streams, water-courses; Ezek 37:27 and my dwelling-place shall be over them; figurative of guilt דָּמִים וְהָיָה עָלָיךָ Deut 19:10 and blood (-guilt) be upon thee.

4. as copula, joining subject & predicate: —
a. followed by predicate adjective וַיִּהְיוּ שְׁנֵיהֶם עֲרוּמִּים Gen 2:25, וְהַנָּחָשׁ הָיָה עָרוּם Gen 3:1, בִּהְיוֺתָם כֹּאֲבִים Gen 34:25, וַיְהִי יוֺסֵף יְפֵהתֹֿאַר Gen 39:6; Deut 23:15; Josh 19:9; Judg 11:1; Job 1:1; Job 1:3b 2Chr 7:21.
b. followed by predicate noun Gen 1:2; Gen 9:18; Gen 25:3; Gen 36:14; Gen 40:13; 1Sam 17:34; 1Sam 17:42; 2Sam 8:10; 2Sam 20:25; 1Kgs 10:6; 2Kgs 3:4; 2Kgs 5:1 (twice in verse); 1Chr 9:20; 1Chr 11:20; 1Chr 18:10; 1Chr 26:10; 2Chr 13:7 כִּי לֹאהָֿיָה מֶלֶךְ יִשְׂרָאֵל 2Chr 18:32 (|| 1Kgs 22:33 כִּילֹֿאמֶֿלֶךְ ישׂראל הוּא) +; often of age: וַיְהִי אַבְרָם בֶּןתִּֿשְׁעִים שָׁנָה וְתֵשַׁע שָׁנִים Gen 17:1 (P) 2Kgs 8:17; 2Kgs 14:2; 2Kgs 15:2; 2Kgs 15:33; 2Kgs 18:2; 2Chr 21:20; 2Chr 27:8 +; followed by predicate Infinitive absolute (very anomal.) וְהַמַּיִם הָיוּ הָלוֺךְ וְחָסוֺר Gen 8:5 = amount to, come to, in enumeration of days of life number of people, amounts of money, etc.: Gen 5:4; Gen 5:5; Gen 5:8; Gen 5:11; Gen 5:14; Gen 9:29; Gen 11:32; Gen 23:1 +; Exod 38:24; Num 1:46, etc.
c. followed by adverb & adverbial phrase: לֹאטֿוֺב הֱיוֺת הָאָדָם לְבַדּוֺGen 2:18 (J) it is not good that the man be alone; חָדַל לִהְיוֺת לְשָׂרָה אֹרַה כַּנָּשִׁים Gen 18:11 (J).
d. followed by preposition: (a) be with, accompany with עִם, subject most often ׳י or אלהים with added idea of protection, aid Gen 26:3; Gen 31:3; Gen 39:10; Gen 48:21; Josh 1:3; Josh 6:27; Judg 1:19; Judg 2:18; 1Sam 3:19; 1Sam 18:12; 1Sam 20:13; 1Kgs 1:37; 1Chr 11:13; 2Chr 17:3 followed by עִמָּדִי Gen 28:20; Gen 31:5; Gen 35:3 followed by עִם, human subject, of accompaniment וְהָיָההַכֹּהֵןבֶּןאַֿהֲרֹן עִםהַֿלְוִיִּם Neh 10:39; 1Chr 11:12, read also in || 2Sam 23:9 (Th We Dr); = be on the side of 1Kgs 1:8 with עִם also = be near הָיָה עִםגֹּֿרֶן האורנה ׳וּמַלְאַךְ י 2Sam 24:16 (compare Dr); also 2Sam 13:20 implying sexual intercourse, so Gen 39:10 (perhaps gloss, compare Di); peculiar uses with עִם are: וּדְבַראַֿבְנֵר הָיָה עִםזִֿקְנֵי יִשְׂרָאֵל 2Sam 3:17 and the speech of A. had been with the elders of Israel, compare 1Kgs 1:7 וַיְהִי עִםלְֿבַב דָּוִד אָבִּי לִבְנוֺת 1Kgs 8:17 and it was with (i.e. in) the heart of David my father to build, = 2Chr 6:7 compare 1Kgs 8:18 (twice in verse); 1Chr 22:7; 2Chr 6:8 (twice in verse); 2Chr 24:4 also 1Kgs 10:2 = 2Chr 9:1
(b) be with, followed by אֶת, subject ׳י, אלהים, Gen 21:20; Gen 39:2; Gen 39:21 but also with human subject וּבָנָיוּ הָיוּ אֶתמִֿקְנֵהוּ Gen 34:5, compare 1Sam 29:8 +;
(c) followed by לְ of possessor כֶּרֶם הָיָה לִידִדִי Isa 5:1 all vineyard had my beloved, Gen 30:30 compare Exod 20:3 = Deut 5:7; Judg 18:27; 1Sam 9:2; 1Kgs 5:6 + often (compare I. 2 d, f, h);
(d) followed by לְ + other preposition: of boundary וַיְהִי לָהֶם הַגְּבוּל מֵעֲרוֺעֵרJosh 13:16, compare וַיְהִי גְבוּלָם מִמַּחֲנַיִם vJosh 13:30 וַוְהִי לָהֶם הַגְּבוּל לִפְאַת צָפנַָה מִיַּרְדֵּן Josh 18:12, etc.;
(e) followed by בְּ be among, or of, Amos 1:1 who was one of the herdsmen, 1Kgs 2:7 let them be among those eating, Prov 22:26; Prov 23:20.

5. periphrastic conjug.:
a. היה + participle, of continuous state, or condition, sometimes, especially late (compare Late Hebrew), of habit, with וַיְהִי also of beginning and continuance (compare Dr^{§ 135}, (5)): participle active Gen 39:22 (J), Exod 3:1 (E), 1Sam 2:11; 1Sam 7:10; 1Sam 18:9 (compare Dr) v1Sam 18:14 v1Sam 18:29; 2Sam 8:15 = 1Chr 18:14. Deut 28:29; Isa 30:20; 1Kgs 5:1; 1Kgs 5:15; 1Kgs 5:24; 2Kgs 6:5; 2Kgs 9:14; 2Chr 9:26; Ezra 4:4; Neh 1:4; Neh 2:13; Dan 1:16 +; Gen 1:6 (P); ׳הָיָה יָרֵא אֶתיֿ 1Kgs 18:3; 2Kgs 4:1; 2Chr 26:1 passive participle Josh 10:26; 1Kgs 13:24; 1Kgs 22:35 וְהַמֶּלֶךְ הָיָה מָעֳמָד בַּמֶּרְכָּבָה (|| 2Chr 18:34 הָיָה מַעֲמִיד), Isa 2:2 = Mic 4:1, וְהָיָה סָגוּר Ezek 44:2, נַעֲשֶׂה ׳ה Neh 5:18, ׳וְאָהוּב לֵאלֹהָיו ה Neh 13:26 — on 2Sam 13:32 compare Dr.
b. followed by Infinitive with לְ (Dr^{§ 208, 204}): וְהָיָה לְבָעֵר Isa 5:5 and it shall be to burn (is to be, is destined to be burned) etc.; לָבוֺא וַיְהִי הַשֶּׁמֶשׁ Gen 15:12 and the sun was about to set; וַיְהִי הַשַּׁעַר לִסְגּוֺר Josh 2:5 and the gate was about to be shut; but also וַיְהִי לִדְרשׁ אֱלֹהִים 2Chr 26:5 (nearly = וַיְהִי + Participle) Niph`al Perfect נִהְיָה 1Kgs 1:27 + 6 t. + Mic 2:4 (compare below near the end); 3 feminine singular נִהָיְתָה Judg 19:30 + 5 t., נִהְיָ֑תָה Exod 11:6; Jer 48:19 וְנִהְיָ֑תָה consecutive Ezek 39:8 + Ezek 21:12 (strike out B Manuscripts ᵐ5 Co); 2 masculine singular נִהְיֵיתָ Deut 27:9 1 singular ךּנהִךְייךתי Dan 8:27 Participle feminine singular נִהְיָה Prov 13:19 —

1. either, be done, be brought about, or occur, come to pass: in the strong expressions וְכָמֹהוּ לֹא תֹסִף אֲשֶׁר כָּמֹהוּ ׳לֹא נ Exod 11:6 (J) a cry such as hath not occurred (been raised), and will not be again, compare Deut 4:32 (be done; || נִשְׁמַע), & Judg 19:30 (|| נִרְאֲתָה); — but simply intransitive Joel 2:2; Dan 12:1 & apparently Ezek 21:12 (|| בָּאָ֫ה; on text, however, see above) Ezek 39:8 (|| id.); — also אֵיכָה נִהְיְתָה הָרָעָה הַזֹּאת Judg 20:3 how hath this wickedness been done ? compare vJudg 20:12; Jer 5:30; Jer 48:19 also Neh 6:8 with לֹא, existence denied ׳לֹא נ Zech 8:10 (|| אֵינֶ֑נָּה); in all the above (except Joel 2:2; Dan 12:1 & Ezek 21:12; Ezek 39:8) personal agency is clearly implied; it is expressed ׳מֵאֵת אֲדֹנִי הַמֶּלֶץ נ הַדָּבָר הַזֶּה 1Kgs 1:27, so of divine agency (מֵאִתִּי) 1 K i1Kgs 12:24 = 2Chr 11:4 further be attained, secured, of wages Zech 8:10 (with לֹא, || אֵינֶ֑נָּה); תַּאֲוָּה נִהְיָה Prov 13:19 a desire come to pass, realized.

2. be done, finished, gone, only Daniel וּשְׁנָתוֺ נִהְיְתָה עָלָיו Dan 2:1 and his sleep was finished upon him, i.e. left him (compare Aramaic Dan 6:19); נִהְיֵיתִי Dan 8:27 I came to an end, was exhausted (si vera lectio, strike out ᵐ5; || נֶחֱלֵיתִי); נִהְיָה, in וְנָהָה נְהִי נִהְיָה Mic 2:4, is dubious; it is done, over, the ruin is come Rob-Ges Ew Hi Ca Che L RVm;? < omit as dittograph Sta^{ZAW 1886, 122 f.} compare JBL^{1890, 74.77}.

BDB9470 H1934 H1961

הֲוָא, הֲוָּה₇₁ verb come to pass, become, be (Biblical Hebrew הָיָה); —

Pe`al Perfect 3 masculine singular הֲוָה Dan 4:26 +, הֲוָא Dan 5:19 +; 2 masculine singular הֲוַיְתָ Dan 2:31; Dan 2:34, 1 singular הֲוֵית Dan 4:1 +; 3 masculine plural הֲווֺ Dan 2:35 +; Imperfect 3 masculine singular לֶהֱוֵא (K^{§ 47, l}) b) Dr^{§ 204 Obs.} Nö^{M 215 ff.}; in Jewish-Aramaic as jussive D^{§ 61, lc}) Dan 2:20 +; 3 feminine singular תֶּהֱוֵה Dan 4:24 +, אֵ֯ Ezra 6:8 +, 3 masculine plural לֶהֱוֺן Ezra 6:10 + 6 t., 3 feminine plural לֶהֶוְיָן Dan 5:17 Imperative masculine plural הֱווֺ Ezra 4:22, הֲזוֺ Ezra 6:6 —

1. come to pass Dan 2:28; Dan 2:29 (twice in verse); Dan 2:45.

2. come into being, arise Ezra 7:23 become, come to be, with predicate noun Dan 4:24; Dan 5:29 and ( = represent) Dan 7:23 with כְּ like Dan 2:35 a, with ל predicate vDan 2:35 b, with adjective predicate Ezra 6:6, with adverb phrase Ezra 5:5; Dan 4:22 often periphrastic, with participle: ׳יְדִיעַ לה let become known Dan 3:18; Ezra 4:12; Ezra 4:13; Ezra 5:8 let it be given Ezra 6:8; Ezra 6:9, also Ezra 7:26; Dan 2:20.

3. be, as copula, with adjective predication Dan 2:40; Dan 2:42; Dan 7:19 so very often in periphrastic conjugation with participle, צָבֵא ׳ה wish Dan 5:19 (4 t. in verse), ׳חָזֵה ה behold Dan 2:31; Dan 2:34; Dan 7:2; Dan 7:4; Dan 7:6 +, etc.

be, pass, was, were, came, …

hāyâ

to exist, i.e., be or become, come to pass (always emphatic, and not a mere copula or auxiliary)

to be, become, come to pass, exist, happen, fall out

(Qal)

to occur

to happen, fall out, occur, take place, come about, come to pass

to arise, appear, come

to become

to exist, be in existence

to occur, come to pass, be done, be brought about

לַ מֶּ֤לֶךְ

לַ

Prefix — preposition to, for + "the" (the article is absorbed into the prefix)

מֶּ֤לֶךְ

Root word king, kings, royal

Dictionary form: מֶלֶךְ · meh-LEK

לַ

Hidden "the" לַ = the preposition + the article הַ squeezed together: the "a" vowel under the prefix is the swallowed "the". Translate "to the ___".

Noun — Common, masculine singular, absolute state

In the KJV here: the king

the king ×712 king ×501 and the king ×198 the kings ×192 of the kings ×104 of the king ×98 kings ×64 and king ×33

More options

king — Most natural modern equivalent; universally understood.

monarch — Formal register; suits literary or elevated prose.

ruler — Broader term; useful when royal rank is less central.

sovereign — Emphasizes supreme authority; good in legal or theological contexts.

royal — Adjectival use; fits compound nouns like 'royal court'.

BDB4669 H4428 H4429

I. מֶ֫לֶךְ₂₅₁₃ noun masculine king (Late Hebrew id.; MI^{1, 5, 10, 18, 23} מלך; Neh 1:4 המלכן; Phoenician מלך; Zinjirli מלך DHM^{Sendsch. 60}; Assyrian maliku, malku, prince (Assyrian šarru = king); Arabic king (original Hebrew *מַלִח inferred, Lag^{BN 73} Ba^{NB § 112} WMM^{As. u. Europ.76}); Sabean מלכן SabDenkm^{No. 1}; construct מלך, plural אמלך CIS^{iv 37}; compare Ethiopic God (and Nö^l.c.); Aramaic , מְלֵיךְ; Palmyrene מלך מלכא Vog^{No. 28}; Nabataean מלכא Eut^{Nab. 1}); — ׳מ absolute Gen 14:7 + (insert also 2Sam 13:17 ᵐ5 Th We Dr Kit Bu, and v2Sam 13:34 ᵐ5 We Dr Kit Bu); in p. always מֶ֑לֶךְ Gen 49:20 + 238 t. (so also proper name in מֶלֶךְ-); construct Gen 14:1 +; suffix מַלְכִּי 2Sam 19:44 + 6 t., etc.; plural מְלָכִים Gen 14:9 +; מְלָכִין Prov 31:3 construct מַלְכֵי Gen 17:16 +; suffix מְלָכֶיהָ Isa 7:16 + 3 t.; מַלְכֵיהֶם Deut 7:24 + 16 t., etc.; —

1. king: of Egypt Gen 39:20f.; Exod 1:8f.; Deut 11:3; 1Kgs 3:1 of Mesopotamia, Shinar, Assyria, Babylon, Persia, etc. Judg 3:8; Judg 3:10; Gen 14:1f.; 2Kgs 15:19; 2Kgs 15:20; 2Kgs 15:29; 2Kgs 17:3f.; 2Kgs 18:13f.; 2Kgs 24:1; 2Kgs 24:11f.; Ezra 1:1f.; Ezra 4:3f.; Esth 1:2 +, 1Kgs 11:18; 1Kgs 11:40; 1Kgs 14:25; 2Kgs 17:4f.; 2Kgs 23:29 +; of Canaan, Philistia, Edom, Moab, etc. (often of single city): Gen 14:2f.; vGen 14:18; Gen 20:2; Gen 26:1; Gen 26:8; Gen 36:31; Num 20:14; Num 21:1f.; Num 22:4; Num 22:10; Deut 1:4; Deut 3:1f.; Josh 2:2 (often in Joshua), Judg 1:7; Judg 5:19; Judg 8:5; Judg 8:12; Judg 11:12f.; 2Kgs 3:4f. +; of Aram, Hamath, etc. 2Sam 8:3f. v2Sam 8:9; 1Kgs 15:18; 1Kgs 20:1f.; 1Kgs 22:3; 2Kgs 5:1f.; 2Kgs 8:7f.; v2Kgs 8:29; 2Kgs 9:14; 2Kgs 9:15; 2Kgs 15:37; 2Kgs 16:5f. +; of Tyre, etc. 2Sam 5:11; 1Kgs 5:15; 1Kgs 9:11; 1Kgs 9:16+, etc.; especially of Israel (undivided, and of both divisions) Gen 36:31; Num 23:21; Num 24:7; Deut 17:14f.; Judg 17:6; Judg 18:1; Judg 19:1; Judg 21:25; 1Sam 2:10; 1Sam 8:5f.; 2Sam 2:4f.; 1Kgs 1:33; 1Kgs 1:34f. + very often; compare also Judg 9:5. — 2Sam 18:29b strike out ׳הַמּ We Klo Dr Kit Bu. Note that in early books המלך דוד is nearly always said; in late books usually המלך ׳שׁלמה וגו) דוד; compare Aramaic כּוֺרֶשׁ מַלְכָּא, etc.

2. of Davidic king, as under divine protection, 1Sam 2:10 (|| מְשִׁיחוֺ), Ps 2:6; Ps 18:51; Ps 89:19; Ps 61:7, compare Ps 99:4 so in (Messianic) prediction Hos 3:5; Isa 32:1; Jer 23:5; Ezek 37:22; Ezek 37:24; Zech 9:9.

3. used of ׳י as king of Israel 1Sam 12:12 in poetry Deut 33:5 compare Ps 5:3; Ps 10:16; Ps 29:10; Ps 44:5; Ps 48:3; Ps 68:25; Ps 74:12; Ps 84:4; Ps 145:1; Ps 149:2; Isa 41:21; Isa 43:15; Isa 44:6; Zeph 3:15 מֶלֶךְ הַכָּבוֺד Ps 24:7; Ps 24:8; Ps 24:9; Ps 24:10 (twice in verse); universal king Ps 47:3; Ps 47:8; Ps 95:3; Ps 98:6; Jer 10:7; Jer 10:10, compare Jer 46:18; Jer 48:15; Jer 51:57; Zech 14:9; Zech 14:16; Zech 14:17; Mal 1:14 of false god Amos 5:26.

4. in fable, king of trees Judg 9:8; Judg 9:15 figurative of crocodile Job 41:26 אֵין לָאַרְבֶּה ׳מ Prov 30:27 of death, מֶלֶךְ בַּלָּהוֺת Job 18:14.

5. combinations are: —
a. הַגָּדוֺל ׳הַמּ 2Kgs 18:19; 2Kgs 18:28 = Isa 36:4; Isa 36:13 (of Assyrian king: compare Assyrian šarru rabu); גָּדוֺל ׳מ Eccl 9:14 (indefinite); of ׳י Mal 1:14, עַלכֿלאֿלהים ׳ג ׳מ Ps 95:3 ׳מ עוֺלָם Jer 10:10 (of ׳י); מְלָכִים ׳מ Ezek 26:7 (king of Babylon)
b. יְחִי הַמֶּלֶךְ 1Sam 10:24; 2Sam 16:16 (twice in verse); 1Kgs 1:34; 1Kgs 1:39; 2Kgs 11:12; 2Chr 23:11 מֶלֶךְ בירושׁלם Eccl 1:1, compare Eccl 15:26; 2Sam 5:2; 1Kgs 14:2; 1Chr 29:25; 2Sam 2:11 (׳בחברון עלהֿיה מ) 1Kgs 11:37; 2Chr 28:4; Eccl 1:12.
c. following a verb (one or two accusative) על ׳שִׂים מ Deut 17:14; Deut 17:15 (twice in verse); 1Sam 10:19 ׳שִׂים לָנוּ מ 1Sam 8:5 ׳שִׂים לְמ 1Kgs 10:9 לְ ׳נָתַן מ 1Sam 8:6; Hos 13:10; Hos 13:11 נָתַן עַל 1Sam 12:13; 2Chr 2:10; Neh 9:37; Neh 13:26 הִמְלִיךְ לְמֶלֶךְ Judg 9:6; 1Sam 15:11 על ׳הִמְלִיךְ מ 1Sam 12:1 לְ ׳הִמְלִיךְ מ 1Sam 8:22 ׳מָשַׁח מ עַל Judg 9:8 ׳מָשַׁח לְמ 1Kgs 1:45 עַל ׳מָשַׁךְ לְמ Judg 9:15; 1Sam 15:1; 1Sam 15:17; 2Sam 2:4; 2Sam 5:3; 2Sam 5:12; 2Sam 12:7; 1Kgs 1:34; 1Chr 11:3; 1Chr 14:8 יִהְיֶה על ׳מ 1Sam 8:19 על ׳בִּקֵּשׁ למ 2Sam 3:17 ׳הֵכִין לְמ על 2Sam 5:12; 1Chr 14:2 על ׳הֵקִים מ 1Kgs 14:14; Deut 28:36 ׳תַּחַת וגו ׳לְמ ׳יָשַׁב עַלכִּֿסֵּא י 1Chr 29:23, compare Prov 20:8 אלהיך ׳לְי ׳נָתַן עַלכִּֿסֵּא לְמ 2Chr 9:8.
d. מַעֲדַנֵּימֶֿלךְ Gen 49:20 royal dainties, figurative; ׳מִשְׁתֵּה הַמּ 1Sam 25:36 royal feast (in simile); ׳אֶבֶן הַמּ 2Sam 14:26 king's weight; ׳יַדהַֿמּ 1Kgs 10:13 royal bounty (in simile); ׳גִּזֵּי הַמּ Amos 7:1 king's mowings; ׳מִקְדַּשׁ מ Amos 7:13 royal sanctuary; עֲטֶרֶת מַלְכָּם 2Sam 12:30 crown of their king = 1Chr 20:2 (but read מִלְכֹּם ᵐ5 We Klo Dr Kit Kau — not Bu Kit^Chr. Hpt); compare also בַּיִת, עֵמֶק, גַּן, שָׁוֵה, etc. — proper name אבימלך, אחימלך, אלימלך, מלך, נתן, מלך, עבד, see below אב, אח, etc.

BDB4674 H4432 H1322 H4428

מֹ֫לֶךְ proper name, of a divinity Molech (ᵐ5 Μολοχ, ᵑ9 Moloch) (= מֶלֶךְ i.e. (divine) King, with vowels of בּשֶׁת to denote abhorrence, Hoffm^{ZAW iii. 1883, 124} RS^{Semitic i. 353; 2nd ed. 372}; compare Hoffm^{GG Abh. xxxvi. 1890 a (May, 1889), 25}; Phoenician proper name, of divinity מלך Milk, in proper names compare Bloch, Dr^{Dt.222 f.}); — with article ׳הַמּ: — the god to whom Israel sacrificed children with fire (in valley of Hinnom); ׳העביר בָּנֵשׁ לַ מּ 2Kgs 23:10 ׳העביר לַמּ Jer 32:35 (|| הַבַּעַל), Lev 18:21 (H); ׳נתן לַמּ Lev 20:2; Lev 20:3; Lev 20:4 (H); more generally ׳לִזְנוֺת אַחֲרֵי הַמּ vLev 20:5 (H). In 1Kgs 11:7 read probably מִלְכֹּם, q. v.

BDB4684 H4442 H6664 H4428

מַלְכִּיצֶֿ֫דֶק proper name, masculine king of שָׁלֵם (q. v.), (my king is ‚ede‡) — Gen 14:18. Ps 110:4. ᵐ5 Μελχισεδεκ.

BDB4685 H4443 H4428 H7311

מַלְכִּירָם proper name, masculine son of Jeconiah (= Jehoiakin) (my king (= Yahweh) is high, compare Gray^{Prop. N. 146 f.}; Phoenician proper name מלכרם); — 1Chr 3:18. ᵐ5 Μελχ(ε)ιραμ.

BDB4686 H4428 H4444 H7769

מַלְכִישׁוּעַ proper name, masculine son of Saul my king (= ׳י) is opulence, compare Gray^{Prop. N. 147}); — 1Sam 14:49; 1Sam 31:2; 1Chr 8:33; 1Chr 9:39; 1Chr 10:2 (in Chronicles מַלְכִּישֿׁוּעַ). ᵐ5 Μελχεισα, Μελχεσουε, etc.

king, kings, royal

melek

a king

king

סֹכֶ֙נֶת֙

Root word profitable, profiteth, treasurer, unprofitable, wont, …

Dictionary form: סָכַן · saw-KAHN

Verb — Qal, Participle Active, feminine singular, absolute state simple action — "he did" ongoing action — try "___ing" or "one who ___s"

In the KJV here: and cherished

acquaint ×1 advantage ×1 and art acquainted ×1 and cherished ×1 and let her cherish ×1 be profitable ×1 it profiteth ×1 may be profitable ×1

More options

benefit — Broad, neutral; best for general profit/advantage contexts.

be useful — Functional register; suits contexts of practical service or purpose.

be acquainted with — Relational nuance; prefer for familiarity or knowing someone.

be of value — Slight emphasis on worth; good for rhetorical or wisdom texts.

care for — Fits nurturing or cherishing contexts, e.g. tending to someone.

be of service — Formal register; suits official or courtly roles like treasurer.

BDB5590 H5532

I. [סָכַן] verb be of use of service, benefit (Tel Amarna sakânu, care for (with preposition ana) Zim^{ZA vi. 248} Wkl^{TA Glossary}; Phoenician סכן prefect Lzb³²⁹; compare perhaps Tel Amarna zukini as loan-word Wkl^l.c.); —

Qal Imperfect 3 masculine singular only Job: יִסְכֹּן Eccl 22:2, וֺן- Eccl 15:3, יִסְכָּןֿ Eccl 22:2 + 2 t.; Participle סֹכֵן Isa 22:15 feminine סֹכֶ֫נֶת 1Kgs 1:2; 1Kgs 1:4 —

1. be of use or service, only participle ׳וּתְהִי לוֺ ס 1Kgs 1:2 and let her become servitress to him, so v1Kgs 1:4 (+ וְתְּשָׁרֲתֵהוּ); סֹכֵן Isa 22:15 = servitor, steward.

2. benefit, profit, absolute Job 15:3 with לְ person Job 22:2; Job 35:3, עַלֿ person Job 22:2 with accusative Job 34:9 (or absolute gain benefit, גבר subject). Hiph`il Perfect 1 singular הִסְכַּ֫נְתִּי Num 22:20 2 masculine singular הִסְבַּ֑נְתָּה Ps 139:3 Imperative הַסְכֶּןנָֿא Job 22:21 Infinitive abs. הַסְכֵּן Num 22:30 — be used, wont, strictly exhibit use, or habit, הַהַסְכֵּן הִסְכַּנְתִּי לַעֲשׂוֺת לְךָ כֹּה Num 22:30 (J) have I ever shewn the habit of doing thus to thee? hence shew harmony with (עִם) one Job 22:21, be familiar with, know intimately (subject ׳י) Ps 139:3 (with accusative דְּרָכַי).

profitable, profiteth, treasurer, unprofitable, wont, …

sākan

to be familiar with; by implication, to minister to, be serviceable to, to cherish, be customary

to be of use or service or profit or benefit

(Qal)

to be of use or service

וַ תְּשָׁ֣רְתֵ ֔הוּ

וַ

Prefix — connector and (sometimes: but, so, then)

תְּשָׁ֣רְתֵ

Root word minister, ministers, ministered, servant, serve, …

֔הוּ

Suffix — pronoun his / him / it

Dictionary form: שָׁרַת · shaw-RAHT

וַ

Vav-consecutive (wayyiqtol) The וַ prefix — vav with patach plus a doubling dagesh in the next letter — flips this verb into story-telling past: translate "and (he) ___ed", not "will ___".

Verb — Piel, Sequential Imperfect (Wayyiqtol), third person feminine singular intensive — "he really / thoroughly did" story-telling past — try "and he ___ed" the built-in subject is "she (or it)"

In the KJV here: and ministered

to minister ×16 the ministers ×4 they minister ×4 ministered ×3 shall minister ×3 that ministered ×3 to do service ×3 to minister unto him ×3

More options

serve — Broadest modern equivalent; fits most contexts well.

minister — Retain for formal/liturgical or priestly contexts.

attend — Emphasizes personal, close service to a superior.

wait on — Highlights dutiful presence and readiness to serve.

officiate — Best for cultic or ceremonial priestly duties.

assist — Use when role is supportive rather than leading.

BDB9061 H8334

[שָׁרַת]₉₇ verb Pi`el minister, serve (compare Late Hebrew שֵׁרוּת (temple-)ministry, Phoenician משרת ministry, and perhaps verb שרת minister); —

Pi`el Perfect 3 masculine singular שֵׁרֵת Num 8:26; Deut 18:7 3 masculine plural שֵׁרְתוּ Num 3:6 Imperfect 3 masculine singular וַיְשָׁ֫רֶת Gen 39:4, 3 masculine plural יְשָֽׁרְתוּ Num 3:31 +, etc.; Infinitive construct לְשָׁרֵת Exod 28:35 +, לְשָׁ֫רֶת שָׁם Deut 17:12, etc.; Participle מְשָׁרֵת Num 11:28 + (2Sam 13:9 see מַשְׂרֵת, p. 602:a), feminine מְשָׁרַת 1Kgs 1:15, etc.; — serve:

1. of ministerial service (opposed tomenial, עבד):
a. higher domestic service: Joseph Gen 39:4; Gen 40:4 (JE), Elisha's chief servant 2Kgs 4:43; 2Kgs 6:15, royal domestics 2Sam 13:17; 2Sam 13:18; 1Kgs 10:5; 2Chr 9:4; Esth 2:2; Esth 6:3, Abishag 1Kgs 1:4; 1Kgs 1:15.
b. of royal officers (late) 1Chr 27:1; 1Chr 28:1; 2Chr 17:19; 2Chr 22:8; Esth 1:10; Prov 29:12.
c. Joshua as chief assistant to Moses Exod 24:13; Exod 33:11 (E), Num 11:28 (J), Josh 1:1 (D), Elisha to Elijah 1Kgs 19:21.
d. of angels to ׳י Ps 103:21, compare Ps 104:4.
e. of kings of nations in prophets Isa 60:10.

2. usually of special service in worship:
a. of Levitical priests, absolute 1Kgs 8:11 = 2Chr 5:14 with accusative ׳י Deut 10:8; Deut 17:12; Deut 21:5; Jer 33:21 + (strangely) מְשָֽׁרְתֵי אֹתִי vJer 33:22 also Isa 60:7 of animals put figurative for those sacrificing them; of foreigners admitted to priesthood Isa 61:6, compare Isa 56:6 so probably Samuel conceived as priest 1Sam 2:11; 1Sam 3:1, ׳את פני י 1Sam 2:18 (פני probably accusative, compare ᵐ5 τῷ προσώπῳ v1Sam 2:11), ׳בְּשֵׁם י ׳שׁDeut 18:5; Deut 18:7.
b. Levites (P, and late); with accusative of Aaronic priests Num 3:6; Num 8:26; Num 18:2, with accusative of ׳י 1Chr 15:2; 2Chr 29:11 a; probably also in reference to Levitical singer Ps 101:6 with accusative tabernacle Num 1:50 (P), congregation Num 16:9 (P), people Ezek 44:11 + vEzek 44:12 (of idolatry); absolute 1Chr 16:4; 2Chr 23:6; 2Chr 29:11 b 2Chr 31:2; Ezra 8:17 (participle as substantive, ministers); לִפְנֵי ׳שׁ ׳אֲרוֺן בְּרִית י 1Chr 16:37, נֶגֶד הַכֹּהֲנִים ׳שׁ 2Chr 8:14 ׳שׁ with ב location 1Chr 26:12 especially with בְּ, of sacred vessels Num 3:31; Num 4:9; Num 4:12; Num 4:14; 2Kgs 25:14 = Jer 52:18 בַּשִּׁיר 1Chr 6:17.
c. Zadokite priests (Ezekiel), absolute Ezek 42:14 + 3 t., with accusative ׳י Ezek 40:48 + 4 t., construct מְשָׁרֲתֵי before sacred place Ezek 45:4; Ezek 45:5; Ezek 46:24.
d. Aaronic priests, absolute Exod 28:35 + 4 t. P; with accusative ׳י 1Chr 23:13 ׳לי 2Chr 13:10 ׳מְשָֽׁרְתֵי י Joel 1:9; Joel 1:13; Joel 2:17, מְשָֽׁרְתֵי מזבח Joel 1:13, with בַּקֹּדֶשׁ Exod 28:43 + 4 t. P.
e. of idolatry, with accusative עץ ואבן Ezek 20:32.

minister, ministers, ministered, servant, serve, …

šārat

to attend as a menial or worshipper; figuratively, to contribute to

(Piel) to minister, serve, minister to

וְ הַ מֶּ֖לֶךְ

וְ

Prefix — connector and (sometimes: but, so, then)

הַ

Prefix — article the

מֶּ֖לֶךְ

Root word king, kings, royal

Dictionary form: מֶלֶךְ · meh-LEK

Noun — Common, masculine singular, absolute state

In the KJV here: to him but the king

the king ×712 king ×501 and the king ×198 the kings ×192 of the kings ×104 of the king ×98 kings ×64 and king ×33

More options

king — Most natural modern equivalent; universally understood.

monarch — Formal register; suits literary or elevated prose.

ruler — Broader term; useful when royal rank is less central.

sovereign — Emphasizes supreme authority; good in legal or theological contexts.

royal — Adjectival use; fits compound nouns like 'royal court'.

BDB4669 H4428 H4429

I. מֶ֫לֶךְ₂₅₁₃ noun masculine king (Late Hebrew id.; MI^{1, 5, 10, 18, 23} מלך; Neh 1:4 המלכן; Phoenician מלך; Zinjirli מלך DHM^{Sendsch. 60}; Assyrian maliku, malku, prince (Assyrian šarru = king); Arabic king (original Hebrew *מַלִח inferred, Lag^{BN 73} Ba^{NB § 112} WMM^{As. u. Europ.76}); Sabean מלכן SabDenkm^{No. 1}; construct מלך, plural אמלך CIS^{iv 37}; compare Ethiopic God (and Nö^l.c.); Aramaic , מְלֵיךְ; Palmyrene מלך מלכא Vog^{No. 28}; Nabataean מלכא Eut^{Nab. 1}); — ׳מ absolute Gen 14:7 + (insert also 2Sam 13:17 ᵐ5 Th We Dr Kit Bu, and v2Sam 13:34 ᵐ5 We Dr Kit Bu); in p. always מֶ֑לֶךְ Gen 49:20 + 238 t. (so also proper name in מֶלֶךְ-); construct Gen 14:1 +; suffix מַלְכִּי 2Sam 19:44 + 6 t., etc.; plural מְלָכִים Gen 14:9 +; מְלָכִין Prov 31:3 construct מַלְכֵי Gen 17:16 +; suffix מְלָכֶיהָ Isa 7:16 + 3 t.; מַלְכֵיהֶם Deut 7:24 + 16 t., etc.; —

1. king: of Egypt Gen 39:20f.; Exod 1:8f.; Deut 11:3; 1Kgs 3:1 of Mesopotamia, Shinar, Assyria, Babylon, Persia, etc. Judg 3:8; Judg 3:10; Gen 14:1f.; 2Kgs 15:19; 2Kgs 15:20; 2Kgs 15:29; 2Kgs 17:3f.; 2Kgs 18:13f.; 2Kgs 24:1; 2Kgs 24:11f.; Ezra 1:1f.; Ezra 4:3f.; Esth 1:2 +, 1Kgs 11:18; 1Kgs 11:40; 1Kgs 14:25; 2Kgs 17:4f.; 2Kgs 23:29 +; of Canaan, Philistia, Edom, Moab, etc. (often of single city): Gen 14:2f.; vGen 14:18; Gen 20:2; Gen 26:1; Gen 26:8; Gen 36:31; Num 20:14; Num 21:1f.; Num 22:4; Num 22:10; Deut 1:4; Deut 3:1f.; Josh 2:2 (often in Joshua), Judg 1:7; Judg 5:19; Judg 8:5; Judg 8:12; Judg 11:12f.; 2Kgs 3:4f. +; of Aram, Hamath, etc. 2Sam 8:3f. v2Sam 8:9; 1Kgs 15:18; 1Kgs 20:1f.; 1Kgs 22:3; 2Kgs 5:1f.; 2Kgs 8:7f.; v2Kgs 8:29; 2Kgs 9:14; 2Kgs 9:15; 2Kgs 15:37; 2Kgs 16:5f. +; of Tyre, etc. 2Sam 5:11; 1Kgs 5:15; 1Kgs 9:11; 1Kgs 9:16+, etc.; especially of Israel (undivided, and of both divisions) Gen 36:31; Num 23:21; Num 24:7; Deut 17:14f.; Judg 17:6; Judg 18:1; Judg 19:1; Judg 21:25; 1Sam 2:10; 1Sam 8:5f.; 2Sam 2:4f.; 1Kgs 1:33; 1Kgs 1:34f. + very often; compare also Judg 9:5. — 2Sam 18:29b strike out ׳הַמּ We Klo Dr Kit Bu. Note that in early books המלך דוד is nearly always said; in late books usually המלך ׳שׁלמה וגו) דוד; compare Aramaic כּוֺרֶשׁ מַלְכָּא, etc.

2. of Davidic king, as under divine protection, 1Sam 2:10 (|| מְשִׁיחוֺ), Ps 2:6; Ps 18:51; Ps 89:19; Ps 61:7, compare Ps 99:4 so in (Messianic) prediction Hos 3:5; Isa 32:1; Jer 23:5; Ezek 37:22; Ezek 37:24; Zech 9:9.

3. used of ׳י as king of Israel 1Sam 12:12 in poetry Deut 33:5 compare Ps 5:3; Ps 10:16; Ps 29:10; Ps 44:5; Ps 48:3; Ps 68:25; Ps 74:12; Ps 84:4; Ps 145:1; Ps 149:2; Isa 41:21; Isa 43:15; Isa 44:6; Zeph 3:15 מֶלֶךְ הַכָּבוֺד Ps 24:7; Ps 24:8; Ps 24:9; Ps 24:10 (twice in verse); universal king Ps 47:3; Ps 47:8; Ps 95:3; Ps 98:6; Jer 10:7; Jer 10:10, compare Jer 46:18; Jer 48:15; Jer 51:57; Zech 14:9; Zech 14:16; Zech 14:17; Mal 1:14 of false god Amos 5:26.

4. in fable, king of trees Judg 9:8; Judg 9:15 figurative of crocodile Job 41:26 אֵין לָאַרְבֶּה ׳מ Prov 30:27 of death, מֶלֶךְ בַּלָּהוֺת Job 18:14.

5. combinations are: —
a. הַגָּדוֺל ׳הַמּ 2Kgs 18:19; 2Kgs 18:28 = Isa 36:4; Isa 36:13 (of Assyrian king: compare Assyrian šarru rabu); גָּדוֺל ׳מ Eccl 9:14 (indefinite); of ׳י Mal 1:14, עַלכֿלאֿלהים ׳ג ׳מ Ps 95:3 ׳מ עוֺלָם Jer 10:10 (of ׳י); מְלָכִים ׳מ Ezek 26:7 (king of Babylon)
b. יְחִי הַמֶּלֶךְ 1Sam 10:24; 2Sam 16:16 (twice in verse); 1Kgs 1:34; 1Kgs 1:39; 2Kgs 11:12; 2Chr 23:11 מֶלֶךְ בירושׁלם Eccl 1:1, compare Eccl 15:26; 2Sam 5:2; 1Kgs 14:2; 1Chr 29:25; 2Sam 2:11 (׳בחברון עלהֿיה מ) 1Kgs 11:37; 2Chr 28:4; Eccl 1:12.
c. following a verb (one or two accusative) על ׳שִׂים מ Deut 17:14; Deut 17:15 (twice in verse); 1Sam 10:19 ׳שִׂים לָנוּ מ 1Sam 8:5 ׳שִׂים לְמ 1Kgs 10:9 לְ ׳נָתַן מ 1Sam 8:6; Hos 13:10; Hos 13:11 נָתַן עַל 1Sam 12:13; 2Chr 2:10; Neh 9:37; Neh 13:26 הִמְלִיךְ לְמֶלֶךְ Judg 9:6; 1Sam 15:11 על ׳הִמְלִיךְ מ 1Sam 12:1 לְ ׳הִמְלִיךְ מ 1Sam 8:22 ׳מָשַׁח מ עַל Judg 9:8 ׳מָשַׁח לְמ 1Kgs 1:45 עַל ׳מָשַׁךְ לְמ Judg 9:15; 1Sam 15:1; 1Sam 15:17; 2Sam 2:4; 2Sam 5:3; 2Sam 5:12; 2Sam 12:7; 1Kgs 1:34; 1Chr 11:3; 1Chr 14:8 יִהְיֶה על ׳מ 1Sam 8:19 על ׳בִּקֵּשׁ למ 2Sam 3:17 ׳הֵכִין לְמ על 2Sam 5:12; 1Chr 14:2 על ׳הֵקִים מ 1Kgs 14:14; Deut 28:36 ׳תַּחַת וגו ׳לְמ ׳יָשַׁב עַלכִּֿסֵּא י 1Chr 29:23, compare Prov 20:8 אלהיך ׳לְי ׳נָתַן עַלכִּֿסֵּא לְמ 2Chr 9:8.
d. מַעֲדַנֵּימֶֿלךְ Gen 49:20 royal dainties, figurative; ׳מִשְׁתֵּה הַמּ 1Sam 25:36 royal feast (in simile); ׳אֶבֶן הַמּ 2Sam 14:26 king's weight; ׳יַדהַֿמּ 1Kgs 10:13 royal bounty (in simile); ׳גִּזֵּי הַמּ Amos 7:1 king's mowings; ׳מִקְדַּשׁ מ Amos 7:13 royal sanctuary; עֲטֶרֶת מַלְכָּם 2Sam 12:30 crown of their king = 1Chr 20:2 (but read מִלְכֹּם ᵐ5 We Klo Dr Kit Kau — not Bu Kit^Chr. Hpt); compare also בַּיִת, עֵמֶק, גַּן, שָׁוֵה, etc. — proper name אבימלך, אחימלך, אלימלך, מלך, נתן, מלך, עבד, see below אב, אח, etc.

BDB4674 H4432 H1322 H4428

מֹ֫לֶךְ proper name, of a divinity Molech (ᵐ5 Μολοχ, ᵑ9 Moloch) (= מֶלֶךְ i.e. (divine) King, with vowels of בּשֶׁת to denote abhorrence, Hoffm^{ZAW iii. 1883, 124} RS^{Semitic i. 353; 2nd ed. 372}; compare Hoffm^{GG Abh. xxxvi. 1890 a (May, 1889), 25}; Phoenician proper name, of divinity מלך Milk, in proper names compare Bloch, Dr^{Dt.222 f.}); — with article ׳הַמּ: — the god to whom Israel sacrificed children with fire (in valley of Hinnom); ׳העביר בָּנֵשׁ לַ מּ 2Kgs 23:10 ׳העביר לַמּ Jer 32:35 (|| הַבַּעַל), Lev 18:21 (H); ׳נתן לַמּ Lev 20:2; Lev 20:3; Lev 20:4 (H); more generally ׳לִזְנוֺת אַחֲרֵי הַמּ vLev 20:5 (H). In 1Kgs 11:7 read probably מִלְכֹּם, q. v.

BDB4684 H4442 H6664 H4428

מַלְכִּיצֶֿ֫דֶק proper name, masculine king of שָׁלֵם (q. v.), (my king is ‚ede‡) — Gen 14:18. Ps 110:4. ᵐ5 Μελχισεδεκ.

BDB4685 H4443 H4428 H7311

מַלְכִּירָם proper name, masculine son of Jeconiah (= Jehoiakin) (my king (= Yahweh) is high, compare Gray^{Prop. N. 146 f.}; Phoenician proper name מלכרם); — 1Chr 3:18. ᵐ5 Μελχ(ε)ιραμ.

BDB4686 H4428 H4444 H7769

מַלְכִישׁוּעַ proper name, masculine son of Saul my king (= ׳י) is opulence, compare Gray^{Prop. N. 147}); — 1Sam 14:49; 1Sam 31:2; 1Chr 8:33; 1Chr 9:39; 1Chr 10:2 (in Chronicles מַלְכִּישֿׁוּעַ). ᵐ5 Μελχεισα, Μελχεσουε, etc.

king, kings, royal

melek

a king

king

לֹ֥א

Particle not

Dictionary form: לֹא · loh

Particle — Negative

In the KJV here: her not

not ×882 neither ×399 no ×282 nor ×215 shall not ×205 thou shalt not ×116 is not ×102 and not ×86

More options

not — Default negation; fits nearly every context.

no — Use before nouns or as a standalone negative.

never — Emphasizes total or timeless negation.

nor — Use in paired or continued negative clauses.

neither — Use when negating two elements together.

none — Negates a noun or quantity; no one/nothing.

BDB4266 H3808

לֹא or לוֺא adverb not (Arabic , Aramaic לָא, , Sabean לא, Ass. lâ; not in Ethiopic: compare Kö^{ii. 1. 236} Walker^{AJSL 1896, 237 ff.}) — לוֺא, according to Masora (Fr^{MM 248}), 35 t., besides בְּלוֺא 6 t., and הֲלוֺא, the orthography of which varies much (ib.^{p. 251}), e.g. in Samuel always הֲלוֺא, in Chronicles always הֲלֹא, on the whole הֲלוֺא 141 t., הֲלֹא 128 t.; twice, according to Masora, written לו (Qr לֹא), 1Sam 2:16; 1Sam 20:2, once לה Deut 3:11 Kt: — not — denying objectively, like οὐ (not μὴ = אַל): —

1. in predication:
a. with a verb; so most frequently, and nearly always
(a) with the finite tenses, whether perfect (Gen 2:5 b Gen 4:5 etc.) or imperfect (Gen 3:4; Gen 8:21; Gen 8:22 etc.); in short circumstantial clauses, as Gen 44:4 לא הרחיקו, Isa 40:20 לֹא יִמּוֺט, and with a final force Isa 41:7; Exod 28:32 (see Ges^{«GKC:156»§ 156}. 3 R. b, c Dr^{§ 162}). Governing two closely connected verbs (Dr^{§ 115}, לא) Exod 28:43 וְלֹא יִשְׂאוּ עָוֺן וָמֵתוּ, Lev 19:12; Lev 19:29b Deut 7:25; Deut 7:26; Deut 19:10; Deut 22:1 and elsewhere; and two parallel clauses (Ges^{«GKC:152»§ 152}. 3) Isa 23:4b Ps 9:19; Ps 44:19; Job 3:1 and elsewhere With the imperfect, especially with 2 person, לֹא often expresses (not, like אַל, a deprecation, do not . . ., let not . . ., but) a prohibition, as Gen 2:17 לֹא תאֹכַל מִמֶּנּוּ thou shall not eat of it, Gen 3:1; Gen 3:3; Exod 20:3 לֹאיִֿהְיֶה לְךָ there shall not be to thee, etc., vExod 20:13 לא תגנב, etc. With the coh. and jussive moods (which are negatived regularly by אַל), it occurs only exceptionally (Ges^{«GKC:109»§ 109}. 1 b R. 1), Gen 24:8; 1Sam 14:36; 2Sam 17:12; 2Sam 18:14; 1Kgs 2:6; Ezek 48:14.
(b) with the infinitive (which is negatived by בִּלְתִּי, q. v.), only once, in בְּלֹא (4 a), and with לְ, in the sense of cannot, or must not; Judg 1:19 כי לא להורישׁ for it was not (possible) to dispossess, etc. Amos 6:10 לא ׳להזכיר בשׁם י, 1Chr 5:1; 1Chr 15:2 (Dr^{§ 202. 2}); compare Aramaic לָא Dan 6:9; Ezra 6:8. On its use with the participle, see b c.
(c) לא always negates properly the word immediately following: hence, in a verbal sentence, where this is not the verb, some special stress rests upon it, Gen 32:29 לֹא יַעֲקֹב ׳יֵאָמֵר עוֺד וג not Jacob shall thy name be called any more, but Israel, Gen 45:8 לֹא אַתֶּם שְׁלַחְתֶּם אֹתִי Not ye (in our idiom: It is not ye who) have sent me hither, but God, Exod 16:8; 1Sam 8:7 כִּי לֹא ׳אֹתְךָ מָאָסוּ כִּי אֹתִי וג, Ps 115:17 without a following correcting clause, Gen 38:9; Num 16:29 שְׁלָחָנִי׃ ׳לֹא י Not ׳י (but another) hath sent me, Deut 32:27 לֹא פָּעַל זֹאת ׳י, 1Chr 17:4; Deut 8:9; Isa 28:28 לא לנצח ֗֗֗ not for ever (but only for a while) . . . (so Isa 57:16; Ps 9:19; Ps 49:18; Ps 103:9 but Isa 13:20 לא תשׁב לנצח is, will not be inhabited for ever), Isa 43:22; Job 13:16; Job 32:9 hence rhetorically, insinuating something very different, not named, 2Kgs 6:10 not once, and not twice (but repeatedly), Ezra 10:13; Jer 4:11 a wind לֹא לְזָרוֺת וְלוֺא לְהַָבר׃ not to winnow, and not to cleanse (but to exterminate), Isa 45:13; Isa 48:1b Josh 24:12; Dan 11:20; Dan 11:29; Job 34:20 לֹא בְיָד (but by a Divine agency: compare Dan 2:34 also Job 20:26 אֵשׁ לֹא נֻפָּ֑ךְ fire not blown upon [but kindled from heaven], Lam 4:6 and אין Isa 47:14).
(d) standing alone:
(a) אִםלֹֿא if not, Gen 18:21 וְאִםלֹֿא אֵדָֽעָה׃, Gen 29:49; Gen 42:16; Job 9:24; Job 24:25 (β) הֲאִ֗֗֗םלֿא, or not, Gen 24:21 waiting to know דַּרְכּוֺ אִםלֹֿא ׳הַהִצְלִיחַ י, Gen 27:21; Gen 37:32; Exod 16:4; Num 11:23; Deut 8:2; Judg 2:22 (compare אִם אַיִן, אַיִן 2 d β, δ). In answer to a question or request, to deny, or decline, Nay, Nö: Judg 12:5 ויאמר לא, Hag 2:12 לא אדני Gen 23:11; Gen 42:10; 1Sam 1:15 +; often followed by כי, Nö for . . . = Nö but . . ., Gen 18:15 ויאמר לֹא כִּי צָחָ֑קְתְּ, Gen 19:2; Josh 5:14; Josh 24:21; 1Sam 2:16 Qr (see Dr), 1Sam 10:19 (ᵐ5 MSS), 2Sam 16:18; 2Sam 24:24; 1Kgs 3:22 (twice in verse) +; Job 23:6 (strangely). (compare, in deprecation, אַל.)
(e) with an interrogative force, which however does not lie in לא as such, but (as in other cases) in the contrast with a preceding clause, or in the tone of voice (compare וְ 1 f; Ew^{§ 324 a} Ges^{«GKC:150»§ 150}. 1 Dr^{1Sam 11:12}): Jonah 4:11 ׳אַתָּה חַסְתָּוַ֗֗֗אֲנִי לֹא אָחוּס וג, Job 2:10; Job 22:11; Exod 8:22; 2Kgs 5:26; Jer 49:9 (|| Obad 1:5 הֲלוֺא), Mal 2:15; Lam 3:38 and in passages, exegesis or text. doubtful (see Commentaries), 1Sam 20:14; 2Sam 23:5 (but see Bu), Hos 10:9 (Ew We), Hos 11:5 (Ew), Job 14:16b (but ᵐ5 Ew Di תַעֲבֹר), Lam 1:12 (Ew Ke), Lam 3:36 (Ke Bä).
b. with adjectives and substantive:
(a) Gen 2:18 לֹא טוֺב הֱֶיוֺת הָאָדָם לְבַדֹּו not good is man's being alone, Exod 18:17 + often
(b) Exod 4:16 לֹא אִישׁ דְּבָרִים אָנֹכִי, Amos 7:14 לא נביא אנכי, Num 23:9 לֹא אִישׁ אֵל וִיכַזֵּב, Deut 17:15 (see אשׁר

2. b) Deut 20:20; Deut 32:47; 1Sam 15:29; 2Sam 18:20 לֹא אִישׁ בְּשׂרָה אַתָּה הַיּוֺם, 2Sam 21:2; 1Kgs 22:33; 2Kgs 6:19 לא זִה הדרך, Mic 2:10; Isa 27:11; Hos 8:6 והמה לא אלהים Jer 2:11; Jer 16:20; 2Kgs 19:18; 1Kgs 19:11 (twice in verse) לֹא ׳בָרַעַשׁ י, Deut 30:12; Deut 30:13; Job 15:9; Job 28:14 לֹא בִי הִיא (|| אֵין עִמָּדִי)s, Ps 74:9; Jer 5:10 המה ׳לוא לי, Jer 10:16; Deut 32:21 בָּנִים לֹא אֵמוּן בָּם, Jer 10:14; Hab 1:14; Job 16:17; Job 38:26 מִדְבָּר לֹא אָדָם בּוֺ; 1Kgs 22:17 לֹא אֲדֹנִים לָאֵלֶּה, Jer 49:31; Ps 22:3 וְלֹא דוּמִיָּה לִי, Job 18:17; Job 18:19; Job 29:12 ולא עֹזֵר לו, Job 30:13; Job 33:9; Jer 2:19 וְלֹא פַחְדָּתִי אֵלַיִךְ and (that) my terror reached not unto thee, Job 21:9 absolute Gen 29:7 לֹאעֵֿתִ הֵאָסֵף הַמִּקְנֶה (Hag 1:2), Num 20:5; 2Kgs 4:23 לא חדשׁ ולא שׁבת, Isa 44:9; Jer 5:12 ויאמרו לוא הוא, Job 9:32; Job 22:16; Job 36:26; Job 41:2; Prov 19:7 (si vera lectio) מְרַדֵּף אֲמָרִים לֹאהֵֿמָּה words which are not, which are nought.
(c) with the participle לֹא is rare, a finite verb being usually preferred (Exod 34:7 וְנַקִּה לֹא יְנַקֶּה: Ew^{§ 320 c} Dr^{§ 162}): 2Sam 3:34 יָדֶיךָ לֹא אֲסֻרוֺת, Ezek 4:14; Ezek 22:24; Deut 28:61; Ps 38:15 כְּאִישׁ אֲשֶׁר לֹא שֹׁמֵעַ who is not hearing, Job 12:3; Job 13:2 לֹא נֹפֵל אָנֹכִי מִכֶּם, Zeph 3:5 (very anomalous); 1Kgs 10:21 לא is probably textual error In וְהוּא לֹא שׂנֵא לוֺ or לא שׂנא הוא לו, Deut 4:42; Deut 19:4; Deut 19:6; Josh 20:5 (compare אֹיֵב Num 35:23), שׂנֵא is best construed as a substantive, he being a not-hater to him afore-time. — In most of the cases under b, c, אין could have been employed; but the negation by לֹא is more pointed and forcible.

2. Not in predication:
a. coupled to an adjective to negative it, like the Greek ἀ‐, but usually by way of litotes: Hos 13:13 בן לאחֿכם an unwise son, Ps 36:5 דֶּרֶךְ לֹא טוֺב a way not good, Ps 43:1 גוי לא חסיד, Prov 16:29; Prov 30:25; Prov 30:26; Ezek 20:25; 2Chr 30:17 : Isa 16:14 לוֺא כַבִּיר, compare Isa 10:7 לֹא מְעַט.
b. with a participle Jer 2:2 ארץ לא זרועה, Jer 18:15 (the finite verb is more common: see Isa 62:12 עִיר לֹא נֱעֶזָ֫בָה (compare Isa 54:11), Jer 6:8 אֶרֶץ לוֺא נוֺשָׁ֫בָה, Jer 15:18; Jer 22:6; Jer 31:18; Zeph 2:1).
c. Gen 15:13 בארץ לא להם, Jer 5:19; Hab 1:6 מִשְׁכָּנוֺת לֹאלֿוֺ, Prov 26:17 רִיב לֹאלֿוֺ.
d. with a substantive, in poetry, forming a kind of compound, expressing pointedly its antithesis or negation (German un- is sometimes used similarly): Deut 32:5(?). 17. 21 a they made me jealous בְּלֹא אֵל with a not-God (with what in no respect deserved the name of God), v^b בְּלֹא עָם i.e. with an unorganized horde, Amos 6:13 הַשְּׂמֵחִים לְלֹא דָבָר i.e. at a thing which is not, an unreality (of their boasted strength), Isa 10:15 כְּהָרִים מַטֶּה לֹא עֵץ like a rod's lifting up what is no wood (but the agent wielding it), Isa 31:8 חרב לא אישׁ, חרב לא אדם, Isa 55:2 בלוא לחם for what is not bread, בלוא לשׂבעה for what is not for satiety, Jer 5:7 וַיּשָּֽׁבְעוּ בְּלֹא אֱלֹהִים by not-gods, in late prose 2Chr 13:9 כֹּהֵן לְלֹא אֱלֹהִים; Ps 44:13 תִּמְכֹּר עַמְּךָ בְּלֹאהֿוֺן for no-value (i.e. cheaply), Prov 13:23; Job 10:12 צלמות וְלֹא סְדָרִים darkness and disorder; so לֹאעַֿמִּי Hos 1:9; Hos 2:25: still more pregnantly Job 26:2 a מֶהעָֿזַרְתָּ לְלֹאכֹֿחַ (poetic for לאשׁר אין לו כח) the powerless, vJob 26:2b; vJob 26:3a (Ew^{§ 286 g} Ges^{«GKC:152»§ 152}. 1 n.), Job 39:16 הִקְשִׁיחַ בָּנֶיהָ לְלֹא לָהּ useth hardly her young ones (making them) into none of hers; and even Hab 2:6 הַמַּרְבֶּה לֹאלֿוֺ what is not his own (compare Job 18:15 מִבְּלִי לוֺ). compare with a verb, and ellipse of אשׁר, Isa 65:1 לְלֹא שָׁאָ֑לוּ to those who have not asked, v^b Jer 2:8 אַחֲרִי לֹא יוֺעִילוּ, vJer 2:11b; also לֹא רֻחָ֫מָה Hos 1:6; Hos 1:8; Hos 2:25, and probably Job 31:31 לֹא נִשְׂבָּ֑ע (perfect in p.) one not satisfied.
e. in circumstantial clauses (Dr^{§ 164}), in poetry and rare: qualifying a substantive, 2Sam 23:4 בֹּקֶר לֹא עָבוֺת a morning without clouds, Job 12:24 בְּתֹהוּ לֹא דֶרֶךְ in a pathless waste, Job 38:26a; and a verb Job 34:24 יָרֹעַ כַּבִּרִים לֹא חֵקֶר without inquiry, Ps 59:4 לא פשׁעי ולא חטאתי (compare vPs 59:4 בלי עון), in late prose, twice, 1Chr 2:30; 1Chr 2:32 וימת לא בנים (אֵין and בְּלִי, q. v., are more usual in such cases).

3. Once (according to many MSS), as a substantive, Job 6:21 כִּיעַֿתָּה הֱיִיתֶם לֹא for now are ye become nothing, Hi De Kö (compare Dan 4:32 (Aramaic) כְּלָה חֲשִׁיבִין, ᵑ7 here כְּלָא הֲוֵיתוּן, and אַל Job 24:25); but reading fluctuates (Orientals לֹא, Qr לו, Westerns, Baer (see pp. 37, 56) לוֺ ['now are ye become that,' namely the נַחַל אַכְזָב of vJob 24:15]; but even לוֺ yields a forced sense; and text is probably wrong: Mich Ew Ol Sgf Bu כֵּןלִ֗֗֗י (ᵐ5 ᵑ6 also read לִי); Bö Di כִּילְ֗֗֗אָ֑יִן. compare Kö^{ii. 1. 236 f}.

4. With prefixes: —
a. בְּלֹא₃₁ (chiefly in poetry or late), according to the varying significance of בְּ:
(a) usually with not = without, Jer 22:13 בונה ביתו בלאֿ צדק without justice (|| בלא משׁפט; so Ezek 22:29; Prov 16:8), Isa 55:1 (twice in verse); Prov 19:2; Job 8:11 הֲיִגְאֶהגֹּֿמֶא בְּלֹא בִצָּה without mire || כלי מים, Job 30:28 בְּלֹא חַמָּה (=not through the sun), Lam 1:6 וילכו בלאכֿח, Num 35:22 בְּלֹא אֵיבָה ֗֗֗ בְּלֹא צְדִיָּה, vNum 35:23 (followed by infinitive) בְּלֹא רְאוֺת, 2Chr 21:20; Eccl 10:11; Ps 17:1 תְּפִלָּתִי בְּלֹא שִׂפְתֵי מִרְמָה; used more freely in Chronicles, 1Chr 12:18 בְּלֹא חָמָס בְּכַפָּֽי׃, v.1Chr 12:34 בְּלֹא לֵב וָלֵב, 2Chr 30:18 בְּלֹא כַכָּתוּב. With ellipse of rel., Lam 4:14 בְּלֹא יוּכְלוּ יִגְּעוּ without (that) men are able to touch, etc.
(b) of time, in not, i.e. outside of, Lev 15:25 בלא עֶתנִֿדָּתָהּ, before Job 15:32 בלאיֿומו, Eccl 7:17 בְּלֹא עִתֶּךְ׃.
(c) where לֹא belongs to the following word, and is only accidentally preceded by ב (see above 2 d), Deut 32:21 (twice in verse); Jer 5:7; Prov 13:23 בלא משׁפט through injustice; with בְּ pretii, Ps 44:13; Isa 55:2 (twice in verse); Jer 2:11 בְּלוֺא יוֺעִיל for (that which) profiteth not.

b. הֲלֹא nonne ? Gen 4:7 + often Inviting, as it does, an affirmative answer, it is often used,
(a) especially in conversation, for pointing to a fact in such a way as to arouse the interest of the person addressed, or to win his assent: Gen 13:19 Is not the whole land before thee ? Gen 19:20; Gen 20:5; Gen 27:36; Gen 29:25; Exod 4:11 Who maketh dumb or deaf, etc. Do not I ? Exod 33:16; Judg 4:6; Judg 4:14; Judg 8:2; Judg 9:28; Judg 9:38; 1Sam 9:20; 1Sam 9:21; 1Sam 15:17 etc.; with a verb in 1 person, Josh 1:9 הלא צויתיך, Judg 6:14 הלא שׁלחתיך, 1Sam 20:30; 2Sam 19:23; Ruth 2:9: similarly in a poetical or rhetorical style, Judg 5:30 הלא ימצאו יחלקו שׁלל, Isa 8:19; Isa 10:8; Isa 10:9; Isa 10:11; Isa 28:25; Isa 29:17; Isa 40:21; Isa 40:23; Isa 42:24; Isa 43:19 etc., Job 4:6; Job 4:21; Job 7:1; Job 10:10; Job 10:20, etc. (β) it has a tendency to become little more than an affirm. particle, declaring with some rhetorical emphasis what is, or might be, well known: Deut 3:11 הֲלֹה הִיא בְרַבַּת בְּנֵי עַמּוֺן, Deut 11:30; 1Sam 21:12 הלוא ׳זה דוד וג (compare 1Sam 29:3; 1Sam 29:5; 2Sam 11:3), 2Sam 23:19; 2Sam 26:1; 2Sam 15:35 it is thus nearly = הִנֵּה (ᵐ5 sometimes represents it by ιδου, as Josh 1:9; Judg 6:14; Ruth 2:9; 2Sam 15:35); so especially in the phrase of the compiler of Kings, And the rest of the acts of . . ., הֲלֹא הֵם (הֵמָּה) כְּתוּבִים are they not written in, etc. ? 1Kgs 11:41; 1Kgs 14:29 + often (with which there interchanges הִנָּם כְּתוּבִים 1Kgs 14:19; 2Kgs 15:11; 2Kgs 15:26; 2Kgs 15:31, which is generally used by the Chronicles, 2Chr 16:11; 2Chr 20:34, etc.), Josh 10:13 (compare 2Sam 1:18 הִנֵּה), 1Kgs 8:53 ᵐ5, Esth 10:2; Ps 56:14 (strangely: contr. Ps 116:8). — הֲלֹא הִנֵּה Hab 2:13; 2Chr 25:26 (הִנָּם). — On Judg 14:15, see הֲ 1 end.

c. וָלֹ֕א and not=and if not, 2Sam 13:26; 2Kgs 5:17. compare וָּיֵשׁ.
d. כְּלוֺא Obad 1:16 והיו כלוא היו, poetic for כאשׁר, as though they had not been.

e. לְלֹא without, literally in the condition of no . . . 2Chr 15:3 (compare לְאֵין, also in Chronicles). Elsewhere לא belongs to the following word, Amos 6:13; 2Chr 13:9; Isa 65:1 (twice in verse); Job 26:2; Job 26:3; Job 39:16 (see above 2 d).

Note. — Fifteen times, according to Masora (see De^{Ps 100. 3} Fr^{MM 247} Str^{Prol. Cr. 84}), לא is written by error for לוֺ, namely Exod 21:8; Lev 11:21; Lev 25:30; 1Sam 2:3; 2Sam 16:18; 2Kgs 8:10; Isa 9:2; Isa 63:9; Ps 100:3; Ps 139:16; Job 13:15; Job 41:4; Prov 19:7; Prov 26:2; Ezra 4:2 (always with Qr לוֺ). The passages must be considered each upon its own merits: in some לוֺ yields a preferable sense; but this is not the case in all. There is the same קרי (rightly) on Isa 49:5; 1Chr 11:20 but these were not considered to rest upon equal authority, and are hence not reckoned with the fifteen. — In Judg 21:22 (see GFM), 1Sam 13:13; 1Sam 20:14 (twice in verse), and in Job 9:33 לֹא יֵשׁ, read probably לֻא for לֹא.

BDB4344 H3808

לוֺ (Kt 1Sam 2:16; 1Sam 20:2), לוֺא, see לֹא.

BDB9632 H3808 H3809

לָא (לָה Dan 4:32) adverb not (Biblical Hebrew לא; Aramaic of Têma, Egyptian, etc., לא; Nerab ל (Lzb³⁰¹ Cook^{G1. 67}); ᵑ7 לָא; Syriac ); — not Jer 10:11; Dan 2:5; Dan 2:9; Dan 2:10, etc.; before a participle (so rarely in Biblical Hebrew, 1 b c), Dan 2:27; Dan 2:43; Dan 3:16; Dan 4:4; Dan 4:6; Dan 4:15 +, so v.Dan 4:32 וְכָלדָּֿאְרֵי אַרְעָא כְּלָה חֲשׁיבִין; are as men not accounted of (so Bev Behrm Marti, compare Isa 53:8 ᵑ7 בסירין ולא חשׁיבין; > most 'accounted as nothing,' for which no analogy, yet compare Ps 39:6 ᵑ7); followed by אִיתַי, see אִיתַי. With infinitive and לְ Dan 6:9 דִּי לָא לִהַשְׁנָיָה which it is not to alter = which is not to be altered (compare v.Dan 6:16), Ezra 6:8 (K^{§ 67, 1} Dr^{§ 202, 2}.; compare Isa 35:6 ᵑ7, D^{Aramaic Dialektproben, p. 1}). With interr. הֲלָא Dan 3:24; Dan 4:27; Dan 6:13.

BDB9640 H3809 H3861 H518 H2006 H3808 H3588

II. לָהֵן conjunction except, but (from לָא and הֵן 'not if' (compare Hebrew אם לא Gen 24:38); so Nabataean and Egyptian Aramaic להן Cooke^{217, 219, 241} S-C^{Pap. C 6, 7} +; lâinnî, however Soc^{Arab. Dial.} see Marokko 44, Anm. 103; ᵑ7 אִילָּהֵין Gen 32:28; Gen 43:3 and elsewhere); —

1. after a negative (= Biblical Hebrew כִּי אִם, q. v.):
a. except Dan 2:11; Dan 3:28; Dan 6:6; Dan 6:8.
b. but (German sondern) Dan 2:30.

2. without a negative: however, but Ezra 5:12.

not, no, neither, nor, none, …

lōʾ

not (the simple or abs. negation); by implication, no; often used with other particles

not, no

not (with verb—absolute prohibition)

יְדָעָֽ הּ

יְדָעָֽ

Root word know, known, knew, knowest, knoweth, …

הּ

Suffix — pronoun her / it

Dictionary form: יָדַע · yaw-DA

הּ

Mapiq — the "her" dot The dot inside the final הּ (mapiq) makes the ה a real consonant: it is the suffix "her / its" attached to this word.

Verb — Qal, Perfect (Qatal), third person masculine singular simple action — "he did" completed action — try "he ___ed" or "he has ___ed" the built-in subject is "he (or it)"

In the KJV here: knew

know ×83 i know ×46 knoweth ×40 knowest ×36 knew ×34 known ×28 and ye shall know ×26 and they shall know ×21

More options

know — Direct, neutral default; suits most contexts.

understand — Emphasizes comprehension or insight gained.

recognize — Good for identifying or acknowledging something/someone.

perceive — Highlights experiential or sensory knowing.

be aware of — Stresses conscious knowledge; useful in warnings.

acknowledge — Best when relational or confessional nuance is present.

BDB3454 H3045

יָדַע₉₄₃ verb know (Late Hebrew id., Aramaic יְדַע ; Phoenician ידע; Ethiopic II. I. indicate, announce, narrate; Assyrian idû, know, COT^Gloss; Sabean ידע, especially in compound proper name DHM^{ZMG 1875, 612}) —

Qal Perfect יָדַע Gen 4:1 +; יָדָ֑ע Lev 5:1 +; suffix יְדָעוֺ Deut 34:10; Job 28:7 יְדָעָהּ Gen 24:16; 1Kgs 1:4 יְדָעָ֫נוּ Isa 63:16 3 feminine singular יָָֽדְעָה Judg 11:39 + 4 t.; 2 masculine singular יָדַעְתָּ Gen 30:26 +; יָדַ֫עְתָּה 2Sam 2:26 יָדַ֫עַתְּ Ruth 2:11; 1Kgs 2:15 יָדָ֑עַתְּ Jer 50:24 וְיָדַ֫עַתְּ consecutive Ruth 3:4 + 6 t. (including Ezek 22:16, Co וִידַעְתֶּם, so ᵐ5 ᵑ7) + Ezek 28:22 Co (for וְיָדְעוּ), so ᵐ5; יָדַ֫עְתִּי Gen 4:9 +; suffix יְדַעְתִּ֫יךָ Exod 33:12 + 2 t.; יְדַעְתִּיו Gen 18:19 יְדַעְתִּים Prov 30:18 יְדַעְתִּין Isa 48:7 יָָֽדְעוּ Gen 19:8 +; יָדָ֑עוּ 2Kgs 4:39 +; יָָֽדְעוּן Deut 8:3; Deut 8:16 (Dr^{§ 6 n}.); 2 masculine plural יְדַעְתֶּם Gen 44:15 +; 2 feminine plural יְדַעְתֶּן Gen 31:6 וִידַעְתֶּן consecutive Ezek 13:21; Ezek 13:23, etc.; Imperfect יֵדַע Isa 7:16 +; יֵדָ֑ע Josh 22:22 + 5 t.; וְיֵדָ֑ע Ps 138:6 (read probably יֵידָ֑ע see Ges^{«GKC:69»§ 69}, 2 R, 3); וַיֵּ֫דַע Gen 4:17 +; suffix יֵדָעֶנּוּ Jer 17:9 וְיֵדָעֵם Hos 14:10 Imperative דַּע Gen 20:7 + 10 t.; דְּעֶה Prov 24:14 דָּ֑ע Eccl 11:19 suffix דָּעֵ֫הוּ Prov 3:6 דְּעִי Jer 2:19 + 4 t.; דְּעוּ Num 32:23 + 15 t.; Infinitive construct דֵּעָה Exod 2:4 דַּ֫עַת Gen 3:22 +; דַּעְתִּי Deut 9:24, etc.; Infinitive absolute יָדוֺעַ Gen 43:7; Josh 23:13 יַדֹעַ Gen 15:3 + 11 t.; Participle active יֹדֵעַ Gen 3:5 +; feminine יֹדַ֫עַת Num 31:17 + 2 t.; יֹדְעִים 2Kgs 17:26 +; passive וִידוּעַ construct Isa 53:3 plural וִידֻעִים Deut 1:13; Deut 1:15 —

1. a. know, learn to know, good and evil Gen 3:22 (J), followed by אֶתאֲֿשֶׁר 1Sam 28:9 מִסְפַּר הָעָם 2Sam 24:2 anything מְאוּמָה 1Sam 20:39 לֹא יָדַע אִתּוֺ מְאוּמָה Gen 36:6 (see II. אֵךְ

1. b), so vGen 36:8 כָּלדָּֿבָר 2Sam 15:11, subject God, knowing fowls Ps 50:11 way to wisdom Job 28:23 etc.; of bird of prey נָתִיב לֹא יְדָעוֺ עָ֑יִט Job 28:7 the price of wisdom Job 28:13 something future יום מוֺתִי Gen 27:2 (J); especially followed by clause Gen 12:11 (J) I Know that thou art a woman of fair appearance, Gen 22:12 (E), Eccl 1:17 לֹא ידעתי Gen 28:16 answering question Where ? without other object, Gen 4:9 (both J); followed by accusative + בְּ, in, in the matter of (see בְּ 1 2 b) לֹא יָדַע עַבְדְּךָ בְּכָלֿ זֹאת דָּבָר קָטֹן אוֺ גדוֺל 1Sam 22:15 thy servant knoweth not of all this anything, little or much; followed by בְּ (rare), gain knowledge of, learn of or about, with infinitive הֲתֵדַע בְּשׂוּםאֱֿלוֺהַּ עֲלֵיהֶם Job 37:15 dost thou know about God's enjoining upon them? also with substantive אִישׁ אַליֵֿדַע בַּדְּבָרִים הָאֵלֶּה Jer 38:24 let not a man know of these words; similarly followed by עַל, only הֲתֵדַע עַלמִֿפְלְשֵׂיעָֿ֑ב Job 37:16 dost thou know concerning the balancings of clouds? (in Job 12:9 בְּ is instrumental, as Gen 15:8; Ps 41:12); followed by מִן, הַמַּחֲבֹאִים רְאוּ וּדְעוּ מִכָּלֿ 1Sam 23:23 observe and get knowledge of all the hiding-places; but followed by object clause + מִן of source, קֶדֶם יָדַעְתִּי מֵעֵדֹתֶ֑יךָ כִּי Ps 119:152 long ago I gained knowledge out of thy testimonies that etc.; followed by לְ, have knowledge of, יָדַעְתָּ לְאִוַּלְתִּי Ps 69:6 thou knowest my foolishness; especially יהוה וידע כי אני and he shall (thou shalt, etc.) know that I am Yahweh Exod 10:2 (R), Exod 6:7; Exod 14:4; Exod 16:12; Exod 29:46 (all P), Ezek 6:7; Ezek 6:10; Ezek 6:13 + often in Ezekiel; 1Kgs 20:13; 1Kgs 20:28 followed by accusative, which is really subject of following clause, Gen 18:19 (J) I know him that he will, etc. 2Sam 3:25 (Ges^{«GKC:117»§ 117}. 1, R. 6).
b. perceive Gen 19:33; Gen 19:35 (J; object clause infinitive with בְּ); with added idea of observing, taking note of, a place, accusative Ruth 3:4 with בְּ, יָדַעְתָּ בְּצָרוֺת נַפְשִׁי Ps 31:8 (|| רָאָה אֶתֿ).
c. || ראה, imperative דע וראה perceive and see 1Sam 12:17; 1Sam 24:12 find out and discern 1Sam 14:38; 1Sam 23:22 in reverse order, ראו ודעו only 1Sam 23:23 (see a above), Jer 5:1 (see Dr^Sm). — Seealso g below
d. discriminate, distinguish הַאֵדַע בֵּיןטֿוֺב לְרָ֑ע 2Sam 19:36, compare Deut 1:29 (no בֵּין); לֹא יָדְעוּ בֵיןיְֿמִינוֺ לִשְׂמאֹלוֺ Jonah 4:11 they cannot distinguish between their right hand and their left.
e. know by experience, וִידַעְתֶּם בְּכָלֿ לְבַבְכֶם וּבְכָלנַֿפְשְׁכֶם כִּי Josh 23:14 (D) and know in all your hearts, and all your souls, that, etc.; learn to know ׳י Hos 13:14 learn (a bitter lesson) Hos 9:7; Isa 9:8; Ps 14:4 experience ׳י's vengeance Ezek 25:14; Ps 14:4 (absolute); quietness Job 20:20. feminine recognise, admit, acknowledge, confess Jer 3:13; Jer 14:20; Isa 59:12; Ps 51:5.
g. consider דְּעוּ מַהתַּֿעֲשׂוּ Judg 18:14 || ראה, imperative דע וראה, דעו וראו, 2Sam 24:13; 1Kgs 20:7; 1Kgs 20:22 also וְיָדַעְתָּ עִםלִֿבָבֶ֑ךָ כִּי Deut 8:5 and thou shalt consider with (in) thy heart, that, Deut 4:39.
h. לֹא ידע not know = not except Isa 47:11; Ps 35:8.

2. know a person, be acquainted with Gen 29:5 (J), Exod 1:8 (E), Job 42:11, know ׳י Job 24:1 c לֹא, object especially other gods, strange land, etc. = have no knowledge of, or acquaintance with, have not heard of, especially Deuteronomy, Jeremiah: — Deut 11:28; Deut 13:3; Deut 13:7; Deut 13:14; Deut 28:64; Deut 29:25; Deut 32:17 (poem), Jer 7:9; Jer 9:15; Jer 14:18; Jer 16:13; Jer 17:4; Jer 19:4; Jer 22:28; Jer 44:3 participle active acquaintance Job 19:13 passive participle acquainted with אִישׁ מַכְאֹבוֺת וִידוּעַ חֹ֑לִי Isa 53:3 (literally known of sickness, see Thes Ew Che Di Du); well-known (with implied trustworthiness) Deut 1:13; Deut 1:15 ; of beasts knowing owner and master's crib Isa 1:3 (compare Jer 8:7); especially of knowing God ׅ׳לֹא יָדַעְתִּי (י ׳אֶתיֿ Exod 5:2 (J); involving intelligent worship, obedience, etc. Judg 2:10; 1Sam 2:12 (read יֵדַע for ᵑ0 יָדַע Dr), 1Sam 3:7; Hos 2:22; Hos 8:2; Hos 5:4; Ps 79:6 (see also דַּעַת 2 b); of God's Knowing persons etc., throughly Hos 5:3; Job 11:11 knowing the heart 1Kgs 8:39; 2Chr 6:30; Ps 139:4 knowing his true servants, recognising and acknowledgingthem 2Sam 7:20; Nah 1:7; 1Chr 17:18 +; יְדַעְתִּיךָ בְּשֵׁם Exod 33:12 (JE); = take notice of, regardPs 1:6; Ps 31:7; Ps 37:18 so of Israel as chosen people Amos 3:2; Hos 13:5 (Assyrian idûšu, God regardeth him, Hpt^{BAS i, 15}) compare Gen 18:19 (J).

3. know a personcarnally, of sexual intercourse, followed by accusative: man subject Gen 4:1; Gen 4:17; Gen 4:25; Gen 24:16; Gen 38:26 (all J), 1Sam 1:19; Judg 19:25; 1Kgs 1:4 woman subject Gen 19:8 (J), Num 31:17; Num 31:18; Num 31:35 (all P), Judg 11:39 יֹדַעַת מִשְׁכַּב זָכָר Judg 21:11 לֹא יָדְעָה אִישׁ לְמִשְׁכַּב זָכָר vJudg 21:12 man subject and object (of sodomy) Gen 19:5 (J), Judg 19:22.

4. a. know how to do a thing, be able to do it, often with לֹא and followed by infinitive לֹא יָדְעוּ עֲשׂוֺתֿ נְכֹחָה Amos 3:10 they know not how to do right; לֹא יָדַעְתִּי דַבֵּר Jer 1:6; Jer 6:15; 1Kgs 3:7; Isa 56:11 (twice in verse), with לְ Isa 50:4; Eccl 10:15 לֹא יָדַע לְהִזָּהֵר Eccl 4:13 know not how to be admonished (Eccl 4:17 know that); infinitive absolute ידע מָאוֺס בָּרָע וּבָחוֺר בַּטּוֺב Isa 7:15; Isa 7:16.
b. be skilful in,especially participle, followed by accusative יֹדֵעַ צַיִד Gen 25:27 (J) skilled in hunting; ידע סֵפֶר skilled in a book, learnedIsa 29:11; Isa 29:12 (twice in verse); as plural construct יוֺדְעֵי נֶ֑הִי Amos 5:16 knowers of lamentation,professional mourners; יֹדְעֵי הַיָּם 1Kgs 9:27 skilled in the sea, 2Chr 8:18 especially followed by infinitive יֹדֵעַ נַגֵּן 1Sam 16:18 skilled in playing,1Kgs 5:20; 2Chr 2:6; 2Chr 2:7; 2Chr 2:13: יֹדֵעַ מְנַגֵּן בַּכִנּוֺר 1Sam 16:16 knowing, (as) a player on the lyre (see Dr).

5. absolute have knowledge, be wise: לַֹיּדְעִים Eccl 9:11 (|| חֲכָמִים, נְבֹנִים); especially have knowledge of God and duty, or in practical affairs Isa 1:3 (|| בין), Isa 56:10 often with accusative of congnate meaning with verb: דַּעַת Prov 17:27; Prov 30:3 בִּינָה Isa 29:24; Prov 4:1; 2Chr 2:12, compare יוֺדְעֵי בִינָה לָעִתִּים 1Chr 12:33 (Baer), Esth 1:13 also יֹדְעֵי דָּת וָדִין vEsth 1:13 יֹדְעֵי דַעַת וּמְבִינֵי מַדָּע Dan 1:4 object שֶׂכֶל וּבִינָה 2Chr 2:11 (|| בֵּן חָכָם); חָכְמָה וּמוּסָר Prov 1:2 (|| הבין אִמְרֵי בִּינָה); חָכְמָה Prov 24:14; Eccl 8:16. Niph`al Perfect נוֺדַע Gen 41:21 + 10 t.; וְנוֺדַע consecutive 1Sam 6:3 + 2 t.; 3 feminine singular וְנוֺדְעָה Lev 4:14; Isa 66:14, etc.; Imperfect יִוָּדַע Gen 41:31 + 10 t.; יִוָּדֵ֑עַ Prov 10:9 וַיִּוָּדַ֫ע Esth 2:22 3 feminine singular תִּוָּדֵ֑עַ Prov 14:33 2 feminine singular תִּוָּדְעִי Ruth 3:3 וָאִוָּדַע Ezek 20:5 Infinitive suffix הִוָּדְעִי Jer 31:19 Participle נוֺדָע Ps 76:2 + 2 t.; —

1. be made known, beor become known,of things Gen 41:31 (followed by בְּ), Exod 2:14 (both E), Lev 4:14 (P), Judg 16:9; 2Sam 17:19; Nah 3:17; Zech 14:7 (followed by לְ), Ps 77:20; Ps 79:10 (followed by בְּ); Ps 88:13 (followed by בְּ); of hand of ׳י Isa 66:14 (followed by אֶת); with subject clause Exod 21:36; Exod 33:16 (both J E), Deut 21:1; 1Sam 6:3 (followed by לְ), 1Kgs 18:36; Ezek 36:32 (followed by לְ) Ruth 3:14; Eccl 6:10; Esth 2:22 (followed by לְ); of person, Prov 31:23 (followed by בְּ) Isa 61:9 (followed by בְּ and בְּתוֺךְ); of ׳י Ps 76:2 (followed by בְּ); = be revealed, discovered, of person 1Sam 22:6; Jer 28:9; Prov 10:9 of things Neh 4:9; Prov 12:16; Prov 14:33.

2. make oneself known,of person, followed by לְ Ruth 3:3, usually of God (׳י) Exod 6:3 (P; || וָאֵרָא אֶלֿ), Isa 19:21; Ezek 20:5, followed by לְעֵינֵי Ezek 38:23 followed by אֶלֿ Ezek 20:9 followed by בְּ Ezek 35:11; Ps 48:4 without preposition Ps 9:17.

3. be perceived (passive of Qal), of perception by the eye Gen 41:21 (E), Ps 74:5.

4. be instructed (passive of Hiph`il) Jer 31:19, in spiritual sense, through chastisement. Pi`el Perfect 2 masculine singular יִדַּ֫עְתָּ, only ידעתה שַׁחַר מקֹמוֺ Job 38:12 Kt; read with Qr יִדַּעְתָּ הַשַּׁחַר cause to know, followed by 2 accusative; so Ps 104:19 according to Bae, who reads יִדַּע, after Aq Symm. Po. Perfect יוֺדַעְתִּי 1Sam 21:3 I have caused to know, i.e. directed, followed by accusative, but read יוֺעַדְתִּי or יָעַדְתִּי, from יעד, so ᵐ5 We Dr. Pu`al Participle known מידעת Isa 12:5 Kt (Qr מוּדַעַת see Hoph`al); elsewhere as substantive = acquaintance מְיֻדָּעִי Ps 55:14 מְיֻדָּעָיו 2Kgs 10:11 מְיֻדָּעַי Ps 88:9; Job 19:14 (|| קְרוֺבָ֑י), Ps 88:19 (|| אֹהֵב and רֵעַ); מְיֻדָּעָ֑י Ps 31:12, Kt מידע Ruth 2:1 (Qr מוֺדַע q.see below) Hiph`il Perfect הוֺדִיעַ Ps 98:2 הוֺדִיעַ֫נִי Jer 11:18 הוֺדַ֫עְתָּ 1Kgs 1:27 + 2 t.; הוֺדָ֑עְתָּ Job 26:3, etc.; Imperfect יוֺדִיעַ Ps 103:7; Isa 38:19 jussive יֹדַ֫ע Num 16:5 וַיֹּדַע Judg 8:16 יוֺדִיעֶנּוּ Isa 40:13; Isa 40:14 2 masculine singular תּוֺדִיעַ Hab 3:2 תּוֺדִיעֵנִי Ps 16:11; Ps 51:8 1 singular אוֺדִיעַ Ps 89:2; Ezek 39:7 אוֺדִיעָה Prov 1:23; Isa 5:5 יוֺדִיעוּ Job 32:7 יוֺדִעֻם Ezek 44:23 נוֺדִיעָה 1Sam 14:12 Imperative הוֺדַע Prov 9:9 + 3 t. (הוֺדַ֑ע Ps 90:12); suffix הוֺדִיעֵנִי Job 10:2 + 6 t., etc.; Infinitive construct הוֺדִיעַ 2Sam 7:21 + 3 t.; הֹדִיעַ 1Chr 17:19 הוֺדִיעֵנִי 1Sam 28:15, etc.; Participle מוֺדִיְעֲךָ Dan 8:19 מוֺדִיעָם Jer 16:21 מוֺדִיעִים Isa 47:13; 2Chr 23:13 — make known, declare, with accusative of thing Num 16:5 (P), Ezek 39:7; 1Chr 17:19; Job 26:3; Ps 89:2; Ps 98:2; Ps 106:8 object omitted Hab 3:2 teach, with accusative of thing Job 32:7 followed by infinitive Ps 90:12 and (peculiarly) לְהַלֵּל ׳מ 2Chr 23:13 i.e.led in praising; with לְ person Prov 9:9 with accusative of person Isa 40:13; Judg 8:16 (but read וַיָּ֫דָשׁ, see דושׁ); make known, declare, with accusative of thing, + לְ person Exod 18:20; Deut 4:9; Neh 8:12; Neh 9:14; Ps 78:5; Ps 103:7; Ps 145:12; Isa 38:19; Isa 64:1 with clause of thing, + לְ person 1Sam 10:8 make one know, with clause of thing and accusative (suffix) person Exod 33:12; Deut 8:3; 1Sam 6:2; 1Sam 16:3; 1Sam 28:15; Job 10:2; Job 37:19 with accusative of thing + suffix person הוֺדִעֵנִי נָא אֶתֿ דְּרָכֶ֔ךָ וְאֵדָעֲךָ Exod 33:13 (JE) make me, I pray, to know thy ways, that I may know thee; Jer 16:21; Ezek 20:4; Ezek 22:2; Ezek 43:11; Isa 40:14 (|| וַיְלַמְּדֵהוּ דַעַת, also v^a וַיְבִינֵהוּ), Prov 22:21; Job 13:23; Ps 16:11; Ps 25:4 (|| לַמְּדֵנִי), vPs 16:14 (on infinitive with לְ see Ges^{§158; 114, 2, R. 2, Exx},), Ps 39:5; Ps 51:8; Ps 143:8 (|| הַשְׁמִיעֵנִי); חַטָּאתִי אוֺדִיעֲךָ Ps 32:5 (|| עֲוֺנִי לֹאכִֿסִּיתִי); followed by 2 separate accusative Gen 41:39 (E), 1Sam 14:12; Isa 5:5; Ezek 20:1; Ezek 16:2; Prov 1:23; Dan 8:19 accusative of person omitted Exod 18:16 (E); accusative of thing omitted Josh 4:22 = teach one (D), so Isa 40:13; 2Sam 7:21; 1Kgs 1:27 = answer Job 38:2; Job 40:7; Job 42:4 with suffix person, accusative of thing omitted Jer 11:18; Jer 16:21; Prov 22:19 followed by accusative of thing + בְּ Ps 77:15 thou hast made known thy might among the peoples, Isa 12:4; 1Chr 18:8 = Ps 105:1 followed by clause + בְּ person Hos 5:9 followed by בֵּין, teach the difference between, to discriminate between בֵּין הַטָּמֵא לְטָהוֺר Ezek 22:26 + suffix person Ezek 44:23 (compare Qal 1 d); followed by מִן partitive מוֺדִעִים לֶחֳדָשִׁים מֵאֲשֶׁר יָבוֺאוּ Isa 47:13 who declare, at the new moons, of (the things) which are to come. Hoph`al Perfect הוֺדַע Lev 4:23; Lev 4:28 (see Kö^{i, 427}); Participle מוּדַעַת Qr Isa 12:5 (> Kt מְידַֻּעַת); — made known (Participle) Qr Isa 12:5 let this be made known in (בְּ) all the earth (> Kt Punic Participle which is not elsewhere in this sense); followed by אֵלָיו if his sin be made known unto himself Lev 4:23; Lev 4:28 (P). Hitph. Imperfect אֶתְוַדָּ֑ע Num 12:6 (E); sq: אֶלֿ make oneself known to, of ׳י; Infinitive הִתְוַדַּע אֶלֿ Gen 45:1 (E), of Joseph.

BDB9571 H3045 H3046

יְדַע verb know (see Biblical Hebrew); —

Pe`al Perfect 3 masculine singular ׳י Dan 5:21; Dan 6:11, 2 masculine singular יְדַ֫עָתָּ Dan 5:22, 1s. יִדְעֵת Dan 4:6 Imperfect 2 masculine singular תִּנְדַּע (K^{§ 11, 4. b}) β)) Ezra 4:15 +, etc.; Imu. דַּע masculine singular (K^{§ 11. 3 a})) Dan 6:16 Participle active יָדַע Dan 2:8 +; plural יָָֽדְעִין Dan 5:23, etc.; passive יְדיעַ Dan 4:12 +; — know, with accusative of thing Dan 2:30; Dan 5:22, accusative of thing omitted Ezra 7:25 ׳יָֽדְעֵי דָּתֵי א, vEzra 7:25, יָָֽדְעֵי בִינָה Dan 2:21 with object clause vDan 2:8 vDan 2:9 vDan 2:22; Dan 4:6; Dan 4:14; Dan 4:23; Dan 4:29; Dan 5:21; Dan 6:11; Dan 6:16; Ezra 4:15, so (of God) Dan 4:22 participle active absolute Dan 5:23 having capacity of knowledge; passive in periphrase conjugation, subject clause + ל person Dan 3:18; Ezra 4:12; Ezra 4:13; Ezra 5:8. Haph`el Perfect 3 masculine singular הוֺדַע Dan 2:15 +, suffix הוֺדְעָךְ vDan 2:29, 2 masculine singular suffix הוֺדַעְתַּ֫נִי vDan 2:23, תֶּ֑נָה- vDan 2:23 1 plural הוֺדַ֫עְנָא Ezra 4:14 Imperfect 3 masculine singular יְהוֺדַע Dan 2:25, suffix יְהוֺדְעִנַּ֑נִי Dan 7:16, etc. (see K^{§ 43 c})); Infinitive לְהוֺדָעָה Dan 5:8, suffix לְהוֺדָעֻתַ֫נִי Dan 4:15; Dan 5:16, etc.; Participle active plural מְהוֺדְעִין Dan 4:4 +; — cause to know, inform : ל person Ezra 4:14, + accusative of thing Dan 2:15; Dan 2:17; Dan 2:25; Dan 2:30; Dan 4:4; Dan 5:8; Dan 5:17, so (sf, person) Dan 2:5; Dan 2:9; Dan 2:26; Dan 4:3; Dan 4:15; Dan 5:15; Dan 5:16; Dan 7:16, and (subject God) Dan 2:23 ל person + object clause Ezra 4:16; Ezra 7:24, so (of God) Dan 2:28; Dan 2:29; Dan 2:45, and (suffix person) V:23; accusative of person only Ezra 5:10; Ezra 7:25.

know, known, knew, knowest, knoweth, …

yādaʿ

to know (properly, to ascertain by seeing); used in a great variety of senses, figuratively, literally, euphemistically and inferentially (including observation, care, recognition; and causatively, instruction, designation, punishment, etc.)

to know

(Qal)

to know

to know, learn to know

to be made known, be or become known, be revealed

to be known

Word Breakdown

Vowels & Accents

Grammar C/Td/Ncfsa

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Brown-Driver-Briggs (BDB)

Strong's Definition H5291

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Vowels & Accents

Grammar Aafsa

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Brown-Driver-Briggs (BDB)

Strong's Definition H3303

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Vowels & Accents

Grammar R

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Brown-Driver-Briggs (BDB)

Strong's Definition H5704

Word Breakdown

Vowels & Accents

Grammar D

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Brown-Driver-Briggs (BDB)

Strong's Definition H3966

Word Breakdown

Vowels & Accents

Grammar C/Vqw3fs

Verb Chart

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Brown-Driver-Briggs (BDB)

Strong's Definition H1961

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Vowels & Accents

Grammar Rd/Ncmsa

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Brown-Driver-Briggs (BDB)

Strong's Definition H4428

Word Breakdown

Vowels & Accents

Grammar Vqrfsa

Verb Chart

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Brown-Driver-Briggs (BDB)

Strong's Definition H5532

Word Breakdown

Vowels & Accents

Grammar C/Vpw3fs/Sp3ms

Verb Chart

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Brown-Driver-Briggs (BDB)

Strong's Definition H8334

Word Breakdown

Vowels & Accents

Grammar C/Td/Ncmsa

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Brown-Driver-Briggs (BDB)

Strong's Definition H4428

Word Breakdown

Vowels & Accents

Grammar Tn

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Brown-Driver-Briggs (BDB)

Strong's Definition H3808

Word Breakdown

Vowels & Accents

Grammar Vqp3ms/Sp3fs

Verb Chart

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Brown-Driver-Briggs (BDB)

Strong's Definition H3045

Masoretic Phrasing

KJV