1 Kings 7:24

וּ פְקָעִים֩

וּ

Prefix — connector and (sometimes: but, so, then)

פְקָעִים֩

Root word knops

Dictionary form: פֶּקַע · peh-KA

Noun — Common, masculine plural, absolute state plural — usually add "-s"

In the KJV here: there were knops

the knops ×1 there were knops ×1 with knops ×1

More options

gourd — Most common modern rendering; matches botanical shape.

gourd-shaped ornament — Clarifies decorative function in temple descriptions.

bud — Emphasizes floral/botanical form; suits poetic contexts.

knob — Modernized form of KJV 'knop'; plain architectural term.

carved gourd — Highlights crafted, sculptural nature of the detail.

BDB6749 H6497

פְּקָעִים noun masculine^{1Kgs 7:24} plural carved wood or metal ornaments, either ball-, knob-shaped (Löw^{p. 332 f.}) of gourd-shaped (so most; compare following; Syriac flowers [Lexicons]); — 1Kgs 6:18; 1Kgs 7:24 (twice in verse).

knops

peqaʿ

a semi-globe

knob-shaped or ball-shaped or gourd-shaped carved wood or metal ornament

מִ תַּ֨חַת

מִ

Prefix — preposition from, out of

תַּ֨חַת

Preposition under, stead, for, instead, place, …

Dictionary form: תַּחַת · ta-HAHT

Preposition

In the KJV here: and under

under ×138 in his stead ×70 for ×51 and under ×20 from under ×20 instead of ×13 beneath ×12 instead ×11

More options

under — Default spatial sense; below or beneath something.

beneath — Slightly more emphatic or literary than 'under'.

instead of — Substitution sense; one thing replacing another.

in place of — Substitution sense; slightly more formal than 'instead of'.

because of — Causal sense; use when context implies consequence or reason.

in exchange for — Commercial or reciprocal contexts; stresses equivalence.

BDB9138 H8478

תַּחַת noun [masculine] the under part (Arabic id.), hence as adverb accusative and preposition underneath, below, instead of (so Arabic , Sabean תחת, Ethiopic Phoenician תחת (Lzb³⁸⁵); Biblical Aramaic ᵑ7, תְּחוֺת, Palmyrene in מן לתחת Tariff Gen 1:4 (Cooke³²⁰), Syriac ); —

1. as adverb accusative Gen 49:25 (= Deut 33:13) the deep רֹבֶצֶת תָּ֑חַת that coucheth beneath; more usually with מִן, מִתָּחַת literally off (מִן 1 c) the under part = beneath, Exod 20:4 (= Deut 5:8) בָּאָרֶץ מִתָּ֑חַת (so Deut 4:39; Josh 2:1l 1Kgs 8:23 [both D²], Isa 51:6), Deut 33:27; Judg 7:8; Amos 2:9; Isa 14:9; Job 18:16; Ezek 47:1b II. as preposition; so construct, and with suffix (usually in the plural, and so literally in the parts underneath) תַּחְתַּי Hab 3:16+, חַתֵּנִי (compare בַּעֲדֵנִי, עוֺדֶנִּי: Ges^{«GKC:103d»§ 103d}) 2Sam 22:37; 2Sam 22:40; 2Sam 22:48 (Ps 18:37; Ps 18:40; Ps 18:48 תַּחְתָּ֑י); תַּחְתֶּיךָ; תַּחְתָּיו (Kt תַּחְתּוֺ 2Sam 2:23; 2Sam 3:12; 2Sam 16:8; Job 9:13), תֵּחְתֶּיהָ Lev 13:23 + 16 t., תַּחְתֶּ֫נָּה (compare אֵינֶנָּה, עוֺדֶנָּה) Gen 2:21 תַּחְתֵּינוּ 1Sam 14:9; Ps 47:4 תַּחְתֵּיהֶם Josh 2:14; Amos 2:13 תַּחְתֵּיהֶם Num 16:31; 1Kgs 20:24; 1Chr 4:41; 1Chr 5:22; 2Chr 12:10 (for תַּחְתָּם 1Kgs 14:27), תַּחְתָּם Deut 2:12 + 10 t., תַּחְתֵּקהֶן Jer 28:13 —

1. under, beneath, Gen 7:19 הַשָּׁמַיִם תַּחַת כָּלֿ under the whole heaven (so Deut 2:25; Deut 4:19; Job 28:24; Job 37:3; Job 41:3; Dan 9:12), Dan 18:4 הָעֵץ ׳ת, Dan 21:15; Dan 24:2 + often; Job 30:14 שׁוֺאָה ׳תּ under the crash they roll themselves against me; הַשֶּׁמֶשׁ ׳ת Eccl 1:3; Eccl 1:9; Eccl 1:13 + often Ecclesiastes (so in Phoenician, Cooke^{4. 7; 5. 12}). With לְ 2Chr 4:3 תַּחַת לוֺ, Song 2:6 = Song 8:3 לְראֹשִׁי ׳ת. Idiomatic
a. תַּחַת הָהָר at the foot of the mountain, Exod 24:4; Deut 4:11, so Deut 3:17 ׳אַשְׁדֹּת הַפִּסְגָּה ת Josh 11:3; Josh 11:17 +; figurative Ps 18:37 תַּחְתָּ֑י תַּרְחִיד אְעָדַי thou broadenest mysteps under me, Job 36:15 רַחַב לאֹ מוּצָק תַּחְתֶּיךָ (so read for תחתיה, Di Bu) breadth unstraitened is beneath thee.
b. ׳הַלָּשׁוֺן ת, of something held there as a dainty morsel, and ready, when needed, to be brought out, figurative of sweetness Song 4:11, of evil Ps 10:7 ׳לְשֹׁנוֺ עָמָל וָאָוֶן ת, Job 20:12 (so שְׁפָתֵימוֺ ׳ת Ps 140:4), of praise Ps 66:17 לְשֹׁנוֺ ׳וְרוֺמַם ת (synonym בִּגְרוֺנָם Ps 149:6).
c. ׳תַּחַת פ:
(a) of subjection, Ps 18:40 תַּחְתָּ֑י תַּכְּ רִיעַ קָמַי, vPs 18:48 (compare Ps 47:4; Ps 144:2), Ps 45:6; Job 9:13.
(b) of a woman, אִישָׁתּ ׳ת, i.e. under his authority, Num 5:19; Num 5:20; Num 5:29, so Ezek 23:5 תַּחְתַּי being under me = being mine (figurative of Israel as ׳י's spouse), compare ὕπανδρος Rom 7:2, and Qor 66:10.
(c) of being burdened or oppressed under, Isa 24:5 the earth יָֽשְׁבֶיהָ ׳הָֽנְפָה ת, Prov 30:21 שָׁלוֺשׁ רָגְזָה אֶרֶץ ׳ת, vProv 30:22 vProv 30:23; Hab 3:7 אָיֶן ׳ת i.e. (si vera 1.) suffering under calamity.
d. ׳יַד פ ׳ת, of authority or control, Gen 41:35 יַד פַּרְעֹה ׳וְיִצְבְּרוּ בָר ת; Judg 3:30 (compare Ps 106:42), 1Sam 21:4; 1Sam 21:5 (strike out אֶל; dittograph חֹל), v.1Sam 21:9; Isa 3:6.
e. ׳רַגְלֵי פ ׳ת, of subjection or conquest, Ps 8:7 רַגְלָיו כֹּל ׳שַׁתָּה ת, Ps 18:39; Ps 47:4; Lam 3:34, compare Mal 3:31.

2. what is under one, the place in which one stands: hence as accusative,
a. with reflexive pronoun, idiomatic, in one's place, where one stands, Exod 16:29 תַּחְתָּיו שְׁבוּ אִישׁ abide every one in his place, Lev 13:23; Lev 13:28; Josh 5:8; Josh 6:5; Josh 6:20; Judg 7:21; 1Sam 14:9 וְעָמַדְנוּ תַחְתֵּינוּ we will remain where we are, 2Sam 2:23 וַיָּמָת תַּחְתָּו he died where he was (compare Jer 38:9 [read וּמֵת]), Jer 7:10; Isa 25:10; Isa 46:7; Amos 2:13; Hab 3:16 וְתַחְתַּי אֶרְגָּ֑ז I tremble where I stand, Zech 12:6; Zech 14:10; Job 36:20; Job 40:12 תַּחְתָּם
b. in transferred sense, in place of, instead of: (a) Gen 2:18; Gen 4:25 הֶבֶל ׳ת instead of Abel, Gen 22:13 בְּנוֺ ׳ת, Gen 30:2 אלהיס אנכי ׳הֲת (compare Gen 50:19), Gen 44:33; 2Sam 19:1 + often; Job 16:4; Isa 3:24; Isa 55:13; Isa 61:3; Isa 61:7 of one succeeding to the place of another, תַּחְתָּיו וַיִּמְחֹ Gen 36:33-49 1Kgs 8:20; 1Kgs 11:43; 1Kgs 14:20 + often, Deut 2:12; Deut 2:21 וַיֵָּֽשְׁבוּ תַחְתָּם, Lev 16:32; 1Kgs 2:35 +; Ps 45:17 in place of thy fathers (whom thou mayest therefore forget) will be thy children. compare in Ph CIS^i.3.9 (Cooke³⁰). Sq. infinitive Isa 60:15 הֱיוֺתֵח ׳ת instead of thy being . . . Peculiarly Job 34:26 (si vera lectio)= as if they were, like; but text very dubious; Bi Bu תָּחֵת חֲמָתוֺ רְשָׁעִ֑ים his wrath breaketh in pieces the wicked. (b) in particular, of things mutually interchanged, in place of, in exchange or return for: Gen 30:15 דּוּדָאֵי בְנֵח ׳ת in return, for thy son's love-apples, Exod 21:23) גֶפְשׁlife for life, vExod 21:24 vExod 21:25 vExod 21:26 vExod 21:27 vExod 21:36 v.Exod 22:37, Josh 2:14 נַפְשֵׁנוּ תַחְתֵּיכֶם לָמוּת, 1Sam 2:20; 1Kgs 20:39 נפשׁו ׳נפשׁך ת, v1Kgs 20:42 (compare 2Kgs 10:24), 2Kgs 21:2; Isa 43:3; Isa 43:4 often with verbs of requiting, Gen 44:4 טוֺבָם ׳לָ֫מּה שִׁלַּמְתֶּם רָעָה ת why have ye rewarded evil in exchange for good ? 1Sam 25:21; 2Sam 16:12; 2Sam 19:22; Ps 35:12 טוֺבָה ׳יְשַׁלְּמוּנִי דָעָה ת, Ps 38:21a; Ps 109:4; Ps 109:5; Prov 17:3 +; Jer 5:19 תַּחַת מֶה in return for what? (compare עַלמֶֿה Jer 22:8; Deut 29:23; 1Kgs 9:8). So followed by infinitive Ps 38:21b.

3. as conjunction: a. תַּחַת אֲשֶׁר:
(a) instead of that (German. anstatt dass), Deut 28:62 הֱיִיתֶם ׳א ׳ת instead of that ye were..., instead of your being.., Ezek 36:34. (b) in return for (the fact) that, because that (ᵐ5 ἀνθ’ ὧν Amos 1:3 + often), Num 25:13 ׳אֲשֶׁר קִנָּא לא ׳ת, Deut 21:14; Deut 22:29; Deut 28:47; 1Sam 26:21; 2Kgs 22:17 = 2Chr 34:25; Isa 53:12; Jer 29:19; Jer 50:7; 2Chr 21:12.
b. תַּחַת כִּי Deut 4:37 (but ? read : וֶַתּחִי as end of vDeut 4:36), Prov 1:29. compare עֵקֶב אֲשֶׁר (כִּיׅ. III compounds: —

1. אֶלתַּֿחַת, after a verb of motion:
a. (in) under, Judg 6:19 וַיּוֺצֵא אֶלֿ הָאֵלָה ׳ת, 1Kgs 8:6 (|| 2Chr 5:7), Jer 3:6; Jer 38:11 (on 1Sam 21:5 see II. 1 d); after קָרָא Zech 3:10: so ׳לְ ׳אֶלתֿ Ezek 10:2.
b. into the place of, Lev 14:42.

2. מִתַּחַת (= ὑπ’ ἐκ):
a. alone, from under, from beneath as מִתַּחַת הַשָּׁמַיִם Gen 1:7, and especially after such verbs as שִׁחֵת Gen 6:17, מָחֶה Exod 17:14; Deut 9:14; Deut 25:19; Deut 29:19; 2Kgs 14:27, הֶאֲבִיד Deut 7:24, compare Lam 3:66; Ezek 47:1 a מִפְּתַּן ׳מִתּ הַבַּיִת, Prov 22:27 לָ֫מָּה יִקַח מִשְׁכָּֽבְּךָ מִּתַּחְתֶּיךָ; Exod 6:6; Exod 6:7 סִבְלוֺת מִצְרַיִם ׳מִתּ, Hos 4:12 אֱלֹהֵיהֶם ׳וַיִּזְנוּ מִתּ (compare II. 1 c a, b); ׳יַד פ ׳מִתּ (compare II. 1 d) from under the hand (power) of ... Exod 18:10; 2Kgs 8:20; 2Kgs 8:22; 2Kgs 13:5; 2Kgs 17:7 +; מִתַּחְתָּיו (compare II. 2 a) from his place Exod 10:23; Zech 6:12. Rarely = תַּחַת or ׳מִתַּחַת לְ, Gen 1:9 (P) Ezek 1:8; Ezek 42:9; Ezek 46:23; Job 26:5.
b. ׳מִתַּחַת לְ (opposed to ׳מִמַּעַל לְ) under, beneath: Gen 1:17 ׳הַמַּיִם אֲשֶׁר מִתּ לָרָקִיעַ, Exod 20:4 הַמַּיִם מִתַּחַת לָאָרֶץ (so Deut 4:18; Deut 5:8), Judg 3:16 לְמַדָּיו ׳מִתּ, Jer 38:12 +; of locality, Gen 35:8 לְבֵיתְאֵל ׳מִתּ, 1Sam 7:11; 1Kgs 4:12.
c. ׳לְמִתַּחַת לְ ( compare מִן 9 b), id quod ׳מִתַּחַת לְ 1Kgs 7:32.

BDB9998 H8460 H8478 H8479

תְּחוֺת preposition under (Biblical Hebrew תַּחַתּ; ᵑ7 תְּחוֺת, Syriac , , adverb ; Palmyrene מן לתחת Cooke³²⁰); — Dan 7:27 תְּחוֺת כָּלשְֿׁמַיָּא (compare Biblical Hebrew II. 1); in plural with suffix (as Biblical Hebrew, Syriac, ᵑ7) Dan 4:9 תְּחֹתֹהִי (so ᵑ7^Onk Lev 15:10: Dalm^{§ 47, 2}), vLev 15:18. With מִן, Jer 10:11 מִן תְּחוֺת שְׁמַיָּא (compare Biblical Hebrew III. 2); suffix Dan 4:11 מִןתַּֿחְתּוֺהִי (the form as Syriac adverb above, unless a Hebraizing punct.).

under, stead, for, instead, place, …

taḥat

the bottom (as depressed); only adverbially, below (often with prepositional prefix underneath), in lieu of, etc

the under part, beneath, instead of, as, for, for the sake of, flat, unto, where, whereas

(n m) the under part

at the foot of (idiom)

in one's place, the place in which one stands (idiom with reflexive pronoun)

לִ שְׂפָת ֤וֹ

לִ

Prefix — preposition to, for

שְׂפָת

Root word lips, bank, brim, edge, language, …

֤וֹ

Suffix — pronoun his / him / it

Dictionary form: שָׂפָה · saw-PAW

Noun — Common, feminine singular, construct state "___ of …" — bound to the next word

In the KJV here: the brim

lips ×20 my lips ×11 his lips ×10 the bank ×8 the lips ×7 of his lips ×6 the edge ×6 of my lips ×5

More options

lip — Primary anatomical sense; most broadly applicable.

edge — Prefer for spatial/geographical contexts like riverbanks.

bank — Best for river or water's edge contexts.

shore — Use specifically for sea or lake margins.

language — Prefer when the sense is speech community or tongue.

speech — Use when emphasizing spoken words or manner of talking.

BDB8298 H8193

שָׂפָה₁₇₆ noun feminine [masculine Exod 28:32, edge, compare Albr^{ZAW xvi (1896), 76}], lip, speech, edge; — absolute ׳שׂ Gen 11:1 +, construct שְׂפַת vGen 11:7 +; suffix שְׂפָתוֺ 1Kgs 7:23 +, etc.; oftener dual שְׂפָתַיִם Isa 6:5 +, construct שִׂפְתֵי Ps 12:4 +; suffix שְׂפָתַי Jer 17:16 +, suffix 3 masculine plural שְׂפָתֵימוֺ Ps 59:13; Ps 140:4; Ps 140:10, etc.; plural (in poetry and late) construct שִׂפְתוֺת Eccl 10:12, suffix שִׂפְתוֺתֶיךָ etc. Ps 45:3; Ps 59:8; Isa 59:3; Song 4:3; Song 4:11; Song 5:13 —

1. lip:
a. usually (c. 108 t.) human organ of speech (often || פֶּה, לָשׁוֺן rarely [only late poetry] חֵךְ: 10 t. Job; 25 t. Psalms; 45 t. Proverbs): (1) Isa 29:13; Lev 5:4 (P), Job 13:6; Mal 2:6; Ps 12:5; Prov 5:3 +; ׳דַּל שׂ Ps 141:3 (see דָּל); ׳אִישׁ שׂ Job 11:2 = a talker, ׳אֱוִיל שׂ Prov 10:8 = one talking folly, so vProv 10:10 (ᵑ0; but see Toy); טְמֵא שְׂפָתַיִם Isa 6:5 (twice in verse) compare vIsa 6:7; Dan 10:16 ׳עֲרַל שׂ Exod 6:12; Exod 6:30 (P; unskilled in speech); ׳עִקֵּשׁ שׂ Exod 19:1 ׳פֹּתֶה שׂ Exod 20:19 see [ פָּתָה] p. 834; ׳מוֺצָא שׂ i.e. utterance, Deut 23:24; Jer 17:16; Num 30:13 (P), Ps 89:35, ׳רוּחַ שׂ Isa 11:4 (of Messianic king), ׳דְּבַר שׂ Ps 59:13; Prov 14:23 +, = mere, empty, word 2Kgs 18:20 = Isa 36:5 ׳תְּבוּאַת שׂ Prov 18:20, ׳נוב שׂ Isa 57:19 (thanksgiving), compare Hos 14:3 (ᵐ5 ᵑ6 and most פְּדִי for פָּרִים); of flattery, ׳חֵלֶק שׂ Prov 7:21, שְׂפַת חֲלָקוֺת Ps 12:3; Ps 12:4 compare שִׂפְתֵי מִרְמָה Ps 17:1, שֶׁקֶר ׳שׂ Ps 31:9 + 4 t., שְׂפַת אָוֶן Prov 17:4 poison beneath (compare לָשׁוֺן) Ps 140:4 (figurative); ׳פֶּשַׁע שׂ Prov 12:13 ׳לְזוּת שׂ Prov 4:24 אֱמֶת ׳שׂ Prov 12:19, יָ֑תֶר ׳שׂ Prov 17:7, צֶדֶק ׳שׂ Prov 16:13, דַּעַת ׳שׂ Prov 14:7; Prov 20:15 ׳חֵן שׂ Prov 22:11 שָׂפָה בְרוּרָה Zeph 3:9 רְנָנוֺת ׳שׂ Ps 63:5 i.e. lips that shout for joy; with verbs: ׳פָּתַח שׂ (to speak) Job 11:5; Job 30:20 (Gi vJob 30:21), compare Ps 51:17, ׳מִפְתַּח שׂ Prov 8:6 ׳פָּשַׁק שׂ Prov 13:3 i.e. prate; מָֽלְאוּ זַעַם ׳שׂ Isa 30:27 ׳שׂ subject of דִּבֶּר Isa 59:3; Prov 24:2 ׳נָשָׂא עַלשֿׂ Ps 16:14 ׳קָרַץ שׂ Prov 16:30 = backbite; ׳אָטַם שׂ Prov 17:28 = keep silence, so ׳חָשַׂךְ שׂ Prov 10:19, כָּלָא ׳שׂ Ps 40:10. (2) lips moving in speech, with נוּעַ 1Sam 1:13, נִיד Job 16:5. (3) transition to meaning speech, עָלָה עַלשְֿׂפַת לָשׁוֺן Ezek 36:3 = ability to speak Job 12:20.
b. organ of laughter Job 8:21.
c. of insulting grimace ׳הִפְטִיר בְּשׂ Ps 22:8.
d. quivering in terror Hab 3:16.
e. feature of beauty Song 4:3 (scarlet). feminine place of bridle 2Kgs 19:28 = Isa 37:29 (see מֶתֶג).
g. receiving kiss Prov 24:26 compare Song 4:11 and (in figurative) Song 7:10.
h. of divine speech, ׳מִצְוַת שׂ Job 23:12, ׳דְּבַר שׂ Ps 17:4.

2. language (see לָשׁוֺן), Gen 11:1; Gen 11:6; Gen 11:7 (twice in verse); Gen 11:9; Ps 81:6 ׳עַם עִמְקֵי שׂ Ezek 3:5; Ezek 3:6; Isa 33:19, ׳לַעֲגֵי שׂ Isa 28:11 שְׂפַת כְּנַעַן Isa 19:18 (i.e. Hebrew).

3. edge: shore of sea Gen 22:17 (J) + 7 t.; bank of river Gen 41:3; Gen 41:17 (E) + 5 t., of wady (נַחַל) Deut 2:36 + 7 t.; lip (bank) of אָבֵל מְחוֺלָה Judg 7:22 compare GASm^{G 400}; brim of vessel 1Kgs 7:23 (twice in verse) + 7 t.; edge of altar Ezek 43:13 of curtains (in pairs) Exod 26:4 (twice in verse) (P) + 6 t.; of חשֶׁן, toward ephod Exod 28:26 = Exod 39:19 (P); of round opening in robe (יִהְיֶה) לְפִיו ׳שׂ Exod 28:32 = Exod 39:23 (P).

lips, bank, brim, edge, language, …

śāpâ

the lip (as a natural boundary); by implication, language; by analogy, a margin (of a vessel, water, cloth, etc.)

lip, language, speech, shore, bank, brink, brim, side, edge, border, binding

lip (as body part)

סָבִיב֙

Root word about, side, compass, round, circuits

Dictionary form: סָבִיב · saw-BEEB

Noun — Common, both singular, absolute state

In the KJV here: of it round about

round about ×161 on every side ×15 thereof round about ×14 are round about ×12 it round about ×9 were round about ×7 about ×6 round about him ×5

More options

surrounding — Versatile adjective/participle; fits most contexts naturally.

around — Clean preposition/adverb for motion or position contexts.

on all sides — Emphasizes completeness or encirclement; vivid in military scenes.

encircling — Active, dynamic feel; good for siege or boundary descriptions.

nearby — Softer spatial sense; use when 'around' feels too precise.

in every direction — Highlights totality; suits panoramic or cosmic descriptions.

BDB5477 H5439 H4036 H5437

סָבִיב₃₃₆ substantive, used mostly as adverb and preposition, circuit, round about: — construct סְבִיב Amos 3:11 plural construct סְבִיבֵי Jer 32:44; Jer 33:13, suffix סְבִיבֶיךָ etc. (10 t.), much oftener סְבִיבוֺת Exod 7:24 + 22 t., סְבִיבוֺתַי, תֶיךָ-, etc., Deut 17:14, etc. (48 t.): —

1. in singular —
a. as substantive 1Chr 11:8 מןהֿמלוא וְעַדהַֿסָּבִיב and to the parts round about.
b. as adverb accusative סָבִיב (in) a circuit, i.e. round about, Gen 23:17 בְּכָלגְּֿבֻלוֺ סָבִיב Exod 19:12; Exod 25:11; Exod 25:24; Exod 25:25; Lev 1:5; Lev 1:11 עַל הַמִּזְבֵּחַ סָבִיב, Judg 20:29; 1Kgs 3:1; 1Kgs 5:11; Ps 3:7 שָׁתוּ עָלָ֑י ׳אֲשֶׁר ס, Ps 12:9; Ps 34:8 + often; sometimes doubled, for the sake of emphasis, 2Chr 4:3; Ezek 8:10 ׳ס ׳עַל הַקִּיר ס, Ezek 37:2; Ezek 40:5 and often in Ezek 40-43.
c. as preposition:
(a) Psalms, Amos 3:11 צַר וּסְבִיב הָאָרֶץ distress, and that in the circuit of (= round about) the land (but read probably with ᵑ6 יְסֹבֵב will encircle).
(b) ׳סָבִיב לְ Exod 16:13; Exod 40:33; Num 1:50; Num 1:53; Num 2:2; Judg 7:21; 1Kgs 6:5; 1Kgs 18:32; 1Kgs 18:35; Ezek 41:10; Ezek 14:16; Job 19:12; Ps 34:8; Ps 78:28; Ps 125:2 (twice in verse) סָבִיב לְעַמּוֺ ׳י, Ps 128:3; Song 3:7; Nah 3:8.
(c) strangely, סָבִיב אֵת 1Kgs 6:5 (omitted by ᵐ5), Ezek 43:17.
d. מִסָּבִיב₄₂, from round about, from every side, Ezek 16:33; Ezek 16:37; Ezek 23:22; Ezek 37:21, but usually (מִן 1 c) = on every side, Jer 4:17 הָיוּ עָלֶיהָ מִסָּבִיב, Isa 42:25 ׳וַתְּלַהֲטֵהוּ מ, Joel 4:11; Joel 4:12 Psalms מָגוֺר מִסָּבִיב terror on every side ! Jer 6:25; Jer 20:3; Jer 20:10; Jer 46:5; Jer 49:29; Ps 31:14, compare Lam 2:22 especially in the Deuteronomic phrases ׳אוֺיְבִים מ, or ׳הֵנִיחַ מ (sometimes in combination), as Deut 12:10 ׳והניח לכם מכלאֿויביכם מ, Deut 25:19; Josh 21:42 ׳לָהֶם מ ׳וַיָּנַח י, Josh 23:1; Judg 2:14; Judg 8:34; 1Sam 12:11 +; מִסָּבִיב לְ from round about, Num 16:24; Num 16:27. — On 1Sam 14:21; 2Sam 24:6; Job 10:8 see סָבַב.

2. In plur.: —
a. סְבִיבִים:
(a) in masculine sense, those round about, Ps 76:12 כָּלסְֿבִיבָיו יֹבִילוּ שַׁי, Ps 89:8; Jer 48:17; Jer 48:39.
(b) in neuter sense, the parts round about, Jer 49:5 מִכָּלסְֿבִיבָ֑יִךְ, בִּסְבִיבֵי ירושׁלם Jer 32:44; Jer 33:13; Jer 21:14 וְאָֽכְלָה כָּלסְֿבִיבֶיהָ, Jer 46:14 with the force of a perp., Ps 50:3 וסביביו נשׂערה מאד, Ps 97:2; Lam 1:17.
b. סְבִיבוֺת
(a) as substantive (α) circuits, Eccl 1:6 ועל סביבותיו שָׁב הָרוּחַ; (β) the parts round about, Num 22:4 ילחכו הקהל אתכֿלסְֿבִיבֹתֵינוּ, Jer 17:26; Jer 50:32 (compare Jer 21:14 above); with reference to their inhabitants, Ps 44:19 = Ps 79:4 ׳לעג וקלס לסב, Ezek 16:57; Ezek 28:24; Dan 9:16.
(b) with the force a preposition Exod 7:24 סְבִיבֹת הַיְאֹר literally (in) the circuits of the Nile = round about the Nile, Num 11:24; Num 11:31; Num 11:32; Num 35:2 סְבִיבֹתֵיהֶם, Judg 7:18; 1Sam 26:5; 1Sam 26:7; 2Kgs 6:17 סביבֹת אלישׁע, Ps 18:12; Ps 27:6 על אֹיְבַי סביבותי, etc.; often idiomatic preceded by אשׁר, as Gen 33:5 הערים אשׁר סביבותיהם Gen 41:48; Lev 25:44; Num 16:34; Deut 6:14; Deut 13:8; Deut 17:14; Deut 21:2 +. In the same sense מִסְּבִיבוֺתָם Ezek 28:26.

about, side, compass, round, circuits

sābîb

(as noun) a circle, neighbour, or environs; but chiefly (as adverb, with or without preposition) around

(subst) places round about, circuit, round about

סֹֽבְבִ֣ים

Root word about, turned, compass, compassed, turn, …

Dictionary form: סָבַב · saw-BAHB

Verb — Qal, Participle Active, masculine plural, absolute state simple action — "he did" ongoing action — try "___ing" or "one who ___s"

In the KJV here: compassing

turned ×7 compassed ×6 turn ×5 did compass ×4 and they turned ×3 and turned ×3 compassed me about ×3 shall be turned ×3

More options

turn — Most versatile; covers rotating, changing direction, or reversing.

surround — Best when enemies or forces encircle a person or place.

go around — Prefer for physical movement along a circuit or perimeter.

encircle — Slightly formal; good for poetic or military encirclement contexts.

circle — Vivid and concrete; works well for ritual or geographic circuits.

besiege — Use when hostile encirclement implies threat or siege warfare.

BDB5475 H5437

סָבַב verb turn about, go around, surround ( Late Hebrew id., Pi`el Hiph`il, and derivatives; Aramaic סוֺבְבָא rim, border; Arabic rope, lock of hair; possibly also II. prepare a means of attaining something Lane¹²⁸⁴); —

Qal Perfect 3 masculine singular ׳ס Ezek 42:19 +; 1 singular סַבֹּ֫תִי 1Sam 22:22 (but see below), סַבּ֫וֺתִי Eccl 2:20; Eccl 7:25 3 plural סָָֽבְבוּ Josh 6:15 + 1Sam 14:21; 2Sam 24:6 (see below), suffix סְבָבוּנִי Ps 18:6 +, סַבּוּנִי Ps 88:18 + 2 t., סַבֻּנִי 2Sam 22:6 2 masculine plural וְסַבֹּתֶם consecutive Josh 6:3, etc.; Imperfect יָסֹב 1Kgs 7:15 +, suffix יְסֻבֵּנִי Ps 49:6 oftener יִסֹּב 1Sam 5:8 +, וַיִּסֹּב Gen 42:24 +; 3 masculine plural יָסֹ֫בוּ Job 16:13, וַיָּסֹ֫בוּ Josh 6:14 +, 3 feminine plural תְּסֻבֶּינָה Gen 37:7, etc.; Imperative masculine singular סֹב 1Sam 22:18, feminine singular סֹ֫בִּי Isa 23:16, etc.; Infinitive construct לִסְבֹּב Num 21:4, סֹב Deut 2:3 Participle סוֺבֵב 2Kgs 6:15 +, הַסֹּבֵיב 2Kgs 8:21 (Ginsb הִסְבִּיב Kt, הַסֹּבֵב Qr), etc.; —

1. turn, intransitive (Imperfect of form יִסֹּב in this sense only):
a. turn about, often as preliminary to something else 1Sam 15:12; 1Sam 15:27 (followed by infinitive), 1Chr 16:43 (id.; וַ֫יָּשָׁב in || 2Sam 6:20) + 1Sam 14:21 (read סָֽבְבוּ גַם for ᵑ0 סָבִיב וְגַם, ᵐ5 ᵑ6 ᵑ9 Th We, etc.), Jer 41:14 a (+ שׁוב v^b, but ᵐ5 omits v^a compare Gie), Eccl 1:6 (twice in verse); of door, Prov 26:14 turn on (עַל) its hinge (compare Niph`al Ezek 26:2); turn (toward one) 1Sam 22:17; 1Sam 22:18 (twice in verse); 2Sam 18:30 (twice in verse); Song 2:17 (see Bu); also with אֶלֿ 2Sam 14:24 (twice in verse); + 2Sam 24:6 (read סָֽבְבוּ for סָבִיב We Dr Bu Kit HPS; Klo יָסֹבוּ, compare Löhr), Ezek 42:19; Eccl 1:6, אֶלאַֿחֲרָ֑י 2Kgs 9:18; 2Kgs 9:19 of cup of ׳י, it shall come round unto (עַלֿ, with hostile implication; עָבַר עַל Lam 4:22) Hab 2:16 of Jordan, turn לְאָחוֺר Ps 114:3; Ps 114:5 turn about from (מֵעַל) Gen 42:24, (מִן) 1Sam 18:11, + אֶלֿ 1Sam 17:30 so of inheritance Num 36:7 it shall not go about from (מִן) tribe to (אֶלֿ) tribe, also vNum 36:9 (לְ for אֶלֿ); compare (absolute) וַתִּסֹּב הַמְּלוּכָה וַתְּהִי לְאָתִי 1Kgs 2:15 (compare Hiph`il 1 b); = be brought round, with accusative of location 1Sam 5:8 (of ark).
b. turn = change, only Zech 14:10 (of land, changed like [כְּ, i.e. into] a plain), compare Hiph`il 1 c. c. figurative turn (in a new direction) to do something (infinitive) Eccl 2:20; Eccl 7:25. — Ps 71:21 is dubious; Bae reads וְתָשֻׁב for וְתִסֹּב after ᵐ5 ᵑ6 ᵑ9; Hup-Now Che and others below
a. above: turn, comfort me. — Job 10:8 read אַחַר תִּסֹּב for ᵑ0 יחד סביב De and others

2. a. march, or walk, around, with accusative (city) Josh 6:3; Josh 6:4; Josh 6:7; Josh 6:14; Josh 6:15 (twice in verse) (all J E), Ps 48:13 possibly also נָסֹב 1Sam 16:11 (of marching about altar? so HPS; turn to do something else Th), but compare תסוב Eccl 32:1 sit about a table (see Schechter^{BS p. 56, and} compare מֵסַב), or read נֵשֵׁב Weir in Dr Kit Bu Löhr (perhaps).
b. go partly round, circle about, skirt, with accusative (land) Num 21:4 (JE) Judg 11:18, also Deut 2:1; Deut 2:3 of rivers Gen 2:11; Gen 2:13.
c. make a round, or circuit, go about to, with accusative of location 1Sam 7:16 go about in (בְּ) 2Chr 17:9, compare also (with בְּ) 2Chr 23:2; Song 3:5; Song 5:7; Eccl 12:5, so with accusative Isa 23:16 = make a circuitous march 2Kgs 3:9 (with accusative דֶּרֶךְ). — See also 2Sam 5:23; 1Chr 14:14 Hiph`il 2 a. d. surround, encompass, absolute Gen 37:7 (E); with accusative Job 40:22 with hostile purpose, 2Kgs 6:15; Eccl 9:14 (both of siege), compare 2Kgs 3:25 accusative omitted Judg 16:2, compare 2Sam 18:15 with accusative of thing + עַלֿ person Judg 20:5 with עַלֿ person alone Job 16:13; 2Chr 18:31 with אֶלֿ person 2Kgs 8:21 = 2Chr 21:9 often figurative in poetry, with accusative Hos 7:2; 2Sam 22:6 = Ps 18:6; Ps 22:13; Ps 22:17; Ps 49:6; Ps 88:18; Ps 118:10; Ps 118:11 (twice in verse); Ps 118:12 so also Ps 17:11 (Kt סְבָבוּנִי, Qr סְבָבוּנוּ; on text see especially Hup-Now); literally of cord surrounding (measuring circumference of), with accusative 1Kgs 7:15 = Jer 52:21; 1Kgs 7:23 = 2Chr 4:2 of ornaments, etc., surrounding something (accusative) 1Kgs 7:24; 2Chr 4:3 surround one with something (2 accusative) 1Kgs 5:17; Ps 109:3 accusative + בְּ instrumental Hos 12:1 לָעֹפֶל ׳ס 2Chr 33:14 (i.e. build a wall around it). — 1Sam 22:22 read חַבְתִּי (√ חוּב), ᵐ5 ᵑ6 Th We Dr Kit Bu Löhr HPS. Niph`al Perfect 3 masculine singular נָסַב Josh 15:3 +; 3 feminine singular נָסֵ֫בָּה Ezek 26:2 (Ges^{«GKC:67t»§ 67t} St^{§ 410 b} Kö^{i. 342}); וְנָָֽסְבָה Ezek 41:7 (but read וְנוֺסְפָה Ew Sm Co Toy^Hpt, compare Berthol); 3 plural נָסַ֫בּוּ Gen 19:4 +; Imperfect 3 masculine plural יִסַּ֫בּוּ Ezek 1:9 + 5 t.; —

1. a. turn oneself against (עַלֿ), close round upon (עַל) Gen 19:4 (J) Josh 7:9 (JE); with accusative Judg 19:22.
b. turn round (from a direct course), of wheels Ezek 1:9; Ezek 1:12; Ezek 1:17; Ezek 10:11 (twice in verse), also vEzek 10:16 (but dubious, Co ישׁבו, Toy^Hpt leave, Symm ἀπελείποντο); נָסֵ֫בָּה אֵלַי Ezek 26:2 of Jerusalem under figure of door (Sm Co Berthol Toy^Hpt).
c. especially of boundary (Hexateuch only P): turn round from (מִן), toward (לְ) Num 34:4, + ה locative Josh 18:14 with מִן + ה locative + אֶלֿ Josh 15:10 with מִן alone Num 34:5 with ה locative alone Jer 31:39; Josh 15:3; Josh 16:6 circle about, skirt, with accusative Josh 19:14.

2. passive be turned over to (לְ), into the power of, Jer 6:12. Pi`el Infinitiveconstruct סַבֵּב אֶתפְּֿנֵי הַדָּבָר 2Sam 14:20 to change, transform, the aspect of the matter. Po`. Imperfect 3 masculine singular suffix יְסֹבְבֵנִי Jonah 2:4; Jonah 2:6, יְסֹבְבֶנְהוּ Deut 32:10, יְסוֺבְבֶנּוּ Ps 32:10 3 feminine singular תְּסוֺבֵב Jer 31:22, etc.; — encompass, surround (in poetry and chiefly late): —

1. encompass (with protection), with accusative Deut 32:10 ( ׳י subject), with 2 accusative חֶסֶד יְסוֺבְבֶנּוּ Ps 32:10, compare vPs 32:7 (but 2nd object here dubious); similarly נְקֵבָה תְּסוֺבֵב גָּ֑בֶר Jer 31:22 i.e. either shall protect (so most) or (Che, compare Gf) the woman (figurative of Israel), instead of holding aloof (הַבַּת הַשּׁוֺבֵבָה vJer 31:22), will, in the new future which ׳י creates, with affection press round her divine husband.

2. come about, assemble round (accusative of person ׳י) Ps 7:8.

3. march or go about, city (accusative) Ps 55:11; Ps 59:7; Ps 59:15 altar (in solemn procession) Ps 26:6 go about in (בְּ) city Song 3:2.

4. enclose, envelop, with accusative of person Jonah 2:4; Jonah 2:6 (of waters).

Hiph`il Perfect 3 masculine singular הֵסֵב 2Kgs 16:18 +; 2 masculine singular הֲסִבֹּ֫תָ 1Kgs 18:37 3 plural הֵסַ֫בּוּ 1Sam 5:9; 1Sam 5:10, etc.; Imperfect 3 masculine singular וַיַּסֵּב Exod 13:18 +, suffix וַיְסִבֵּ֫נִי Ezek 47:2 3 masculine plural וַיַּסֵּ֫בּוּ Judg 18:23 + 2 t.; 1 plural נָסֵב 2Chr 14:6, cohortative נָסֵ֫בָּה 1Chr 13:3 Imperative masculine singular הָסֵב 2Sam 5:23; 1Chr 14:14 (but see below); feminine singular הָסֵ֫בִּי Song 6:5 Infinitive construct הָסֵב 2Sam 3:12; 1Chr 12:33 Participle מֵסֵב Jer 21:4 perhaps also plural suffix מְסִבָּ֑י Ps 140:10 (Ginsb); —

1. a. turn (transitive), cause to turn: turn face (accusative) Judg 18:23; 1Kgs 8:14 = 2Chr 6:3 (all = turn toward); = turn round face 1Kgs 21:4, + אֶלהַֿקִּיר 2Kgs 20:2 = Isa 38:2 + מִן Ezek 7:22 (subject ׳י), 2Chr 29:6 (of neglect), 2Chr 35:22 (of avoiding battle); turn away eyes from (מִן), Song 6:5 turn (back), change heart 1Kgs 18:37 (recall from apostasy; + אֲחֹרַנִּית), Ezra 6:22 (+ עַלֿ); turn back, reverse (weapons) Jer 21:4.
b. bring over (i.e. to allegiance), with accusative + אֶלֿ person, 2Sam 3:12; 1Chr 12:24 (van d. H. v.1Chr 12:23); of ׳י, turn over kingdom to (לְ) 1Chr 10:14 (compare Qal 1 a, 1Kgs 2:15).
c. turn into, of changing name, 2 accusative 2Kgs 23:24 = 2Chr 36:4; 2Kgs 24:14.
d. = bring round, with accusative 1Sam 5:8; 1Sam 5:9 + מִן 2Sam 20:12 + אֶלֿ 1Sam 5:10; 1Chr 13:3 + accusative of location 2Kgs 16:18 (sense obscure).

2. a. cause to go around: of carrying ark around city (2 accusative) Josh 6:11 (J E; but Qal ᵐ5 ᵑ6 ᵑ9); lead round , i.e. by a round-about way, accusative of person + accusative דֶּרֶךְ Exod 13:18 (E) Ezek 47:2 with accusative + infinitive of purpose 2Chr 13:13 accusative omitted, lead round toward (אֶלֿ) 2Sam 5:23, away from (מֵעַלֿ) || 1Chr 14:14 (where, however, perhaps read as Samuel, so Be Öttli, and, in both, סֹב for הָסֵב Dr Kit^Kau Hpt Bu HPS Löhr).
b. surround with (accusative) wall, 2Chr 14:6 (accusative of city omitted).
c. perhaps also encompass (as foe), מְסִבָּ֑י Ps 140:10 those encompassing me (others below מֵסַב below).

Hoph`al Imperfect 3 masculine singular יוּסָּ֑ב Isa 28:27 Participle feminine plural construct מֻסַבֹּת Exod 28:11; Exod 39:6 מוּסַבֹּת vExod 39:13; Num 32:38 (see below); מוּסַבּוֺת Ezek 41:24 —

1. be turned, of cart wheel, with עַלֿ upon, over; מוּסַבּוֺת דְּלָתוֺת Ezek 41:24 participle apparently as gerundive, that can be turned, movable (Ges^{«GKC:116e»§ 116e}; Co reads ׳צלעות מ, compare Toy^Hpt); שֵׁם ׳מוּס Num 32:38 turned (i.e. changed) as to name, but gloss, see Di.

2. surrounded, i.e. set, of jewels (participle construct) Exod 28:11; Exod 39:6; Exod 39:13 (all P).

BDB5477 H5439 H4036 H5437

סָבִיב₃₃₆ substantive, used mostly as adverb and preposition, circuit, round about: — construct סְבִיב Amos 3:11 plural construct סְבִיבֵי Jer 32:44; Jer 33:13, suffix סְבִיבֶיךָ etc. (10 t.), much oftener סְבִיבוֺת Exod 7:24 + 22 t., סְבִיבוֺתַי, תֶיךָ-, etc., Deut 17:14, etc. (48 t.): —

1. in singular —
a. as substantive 1Chr 11:8 מןהֿמלוא וְעַדהַֿסָּבִיב and to the parts round about.
b. as adverb accusative סָבִיב (in) a circuit, i.e. round about, Gen 23:17 בְּכָלגְּֿבֻלוֺ סָבִיב Exod 19:12; Exod 25:11; Exod 25:24; Exod 25:25; Lev 1:5; Lev 1:11 עַל הַמִּזְבֵּחַ סָבִיב, Judg 20:29; 1Kgs 3:1; 1Kgs 5:11; Ps 3:7 שָׁתוּ עָלָ֑י ׳אֲשֶׁר ס, Ps 12:9; Ps 34:8 + often; sometimes doubled, for the sake of emphasis, 2Chr 4:3; Ezek 8:10 ׳ס ׳עַל הַקִּיר ס, Ezek 37:2; Ezek 40:5 and often in Ezek 40-43.
c. as preposition:
(a) Psalms, Amos 3:11 צַר וּסְבִיב הָאָרֶץ distress, and that in the circuit of (= round about) the land (but read probably with ᵑ6 יְסֹבֵב will encircle).
(b) ׳סָבִיב לְ Exod 16:13; Exod 40:33; Num 1:50; Num 1:53; Num 2:2; Judg 7:21; 1Kgs 6:5; 1Kgs 18:32; 1Kgs 18:35; Ezek 41:10; Ezek 14:16; Job 19:12; Ps 34:8; Ps 78:28; Ps 125:2 (twice in verse) סָבִיב לְעַמּוֺ ׳י, Ps 128:3; Song 3:7; Nah 3:8.
(c) strangely, סָבִיב אֵת 1Kgs 6:5 (omitted by ᵐ5), Ezek 43:17.
d. מִסָּבִיב₄₂, from round about, from every side, Ezek 16:33; Ezek 16:37; Ezek 23:22; Ezek 37:21, but usually (מִן 1 c) = on every side, Jer 4:17 הָיוּ עָלֶיהָ מִסָּבִיב, Isa 42:25 ׳וַתְּלַהֲטֵהוּ מ, Joel 4:11; Joel 4:12 Psalms מָגוֺר מִסָּבִיב terror on every side ! Jer 6:25; Jer 20:3; Jer 20:10; Jer 46:5; Jer 49:29; Ps 31:14, compare Lam 2:22 especially in the Deuteronomic phrases ׳אוֺיְבִים מ, or ׳הֵנִיחַ מ (sometimes in combination), as Deut 12:10 ׳והניח לכם מכלאֿויביכם מ, Deut 25:19; Josh 21:42 ׳לָהֶם מ ׳וַיָּנַח י, Josh 23:1; Judg 2:14; Judg 8:34; 1Sam 12:11 +; מִסָּבִיב לְ from round about, Num 16:24; Num 16:27. — On 1Sam 14:21; 2Sam 24:6; Job 10:8 see סָבַב.

2. In plur.: —
a. סְבִיבִים:
(a) in masculine sense, those round about, Ps 76:12 כָּלסְֿבִיבָיו יֹבִילוּ שַׁי, Ps 89:8; Jer 48:17; Jer 48:39.
(b) in neuter sense, the parts round about, Jer 49:5 מִכָּלסְֿבִיבָ֑יִךְ, בִּסְבִיבֵי ירושׁלם Jer 32:44; Jer 33:13; Jer 21:14 וְאָֽכְלָה כָּלסְֿבִיבֶיהָ, Jer 46:14 with the force of a perp., Ps 50:3 וסביביו נשׂערה מאד, Ps 97:2; Lam 1:17.
b. סְבִיבוֺת
(a) as substantive (α) circuits, Eccl 1:6 ועל סביבותיו שָׁב הָרוּחַ; (β) the parts round about, Num 22:4 ילחכו הקהל אתכֿלסְֿבִיבֹתֵינוּ, Jer 17:26; Jer 50:32 (compare Jer 21:14 above); with reference to their inhabitants, Ps 44:19 = Ps 79:4 ׳לעג וקלס לסב, Ezek 16:57; Ezek 28:24; Dan 9:16.
(b) with the force a preposition Exod 7:24 סְבִיבֹת הַיְאֹר literally (in) the circuits of the Nile = round about the Nile, Num 11:24; Num 11:31; Num 11:32; Num 35:2 סְבִיבֹתֵיהֶם, Judg 7:18; 1Sam 26:5; 1Sam 26:7; 2Kgs 6:17 סביבֹת אלישׁע, Ps 18:12; Ps 27:6 על אֹיְבַי סביבותי, etc.; often idiomatic preceded by אשׁר, as Gen 33:5 הערים אשׁר סביבותיהם Gen 41:48; Lev 25:44; Num 16:34; Deut 6:14; Deut 13:8; Deut 17:14; Deut 21:2 +. In the same sense מִסְּבִיבוֺתָם Ezek 28:26.

BDB5478 H4524 H5437

מֵסַב noun [masculine] that which surrounds, or is round; —

1. a. plural surrounding places, מְסִבֵּי ׳יְרוּשׁ 2Kgs 23:5 places round about Jerusalem.
b. as adverb מֵסַב round about 1Kgs 6:29 feminine plural מְסִבּוֺת on all sides, in all directions, Job 37:12 (of cloud Di < of lightning Bu Du).

2. suffix מְסִבּוֺ Song 1:12 dubious: round table Ew De; cushion, divan Bae Kau; compare on all these Bu. — מְסִבָּ֑י Ps 140:10 see סבב Hiph`il

BDB5479 H4141 H5437

[מוּסָב] noun masculine encompassing, surrounding (?); — only construct מוּסַב הַבַּיִת Ezek 41:7 the encompassing of the house, but meaning wholly obscure; מוּסַף ֗֗֗ enlargement Ew Berthol Toy^{Hpt after} ᵐ5; Co strike out clause as dittograph Niph`al

about, turned, compass, compassed, turn, …

sābab

to revolve, surround, or border; used in various applications, literally and figuratively

to turn, turn about or around or aside or back or towards, go about or around, surround, encircle, change direction

(Qal)

to turn, turn about, be brought round, change

to turn oneself, close round, turn round

to encompass, surround

to turn, cause to turn, turn back, reverse, bring over, turn into, bring round

to be turned

אֹת ֔וֹ

אֹת

Particle points to the object of the verb — leave untranslated

֔וֹ

Suffix — pronoun his / him / it

Dictionary form: אֵת · ate

Particle — Direct Object Marker

and ×240 of ×109 him ×107 them ×73 with ×72 from ×64 you ×61 me ×54

More options

[direct object marker — untranslated] — Most common use; marks definite direct object, no English equivalent.

with — Use when אֵת expresses accompaniment or association.

from — Use when context implies source or separation.

along with — Emphasizes inclusion or togetherness in a list.

together with — Slightly more formal; stresses joint participation.

among — Use when indicating presence within a group.

BDB853 H853

I. אֵת, with makk. אֶתֿ, with suffix אֹתִי; אֹתְךָ, אֹתְכָה Num 22:33, אֹתָ֑ךְ, אֹתָ֑כָה Exod 29:35, feminine אֹתָךְ; אֹתוֺ etc.; 2 plural אֶתְכֶם, once אוֺתְכֶם Josh 23:15 3 masculine plural regularly אֹתָם, rarely אֶתְהֶם Gen 32:1; Exod 18:20; Num 21:3; Ezek 34:12; 1Chr 6:50, once אוֺתְהֶם Ezek 23:45 3 feminine plural, on the contrary, regularly אֶתְהֶן (13 t.), once אֹתָן Ezek 16:54 (also אוֺתְהֶן Ezek 23:47, אֹתָ֖נָה Exod 35:26, אוֺתָ֖נָה Ezek 34:21); forms with cholem also often written plene: — the mark of the accusative, prefixed as a rule only to nouns that are definite (Moabite id., Phoenician אית i.e. אִיַּת (Schröd^{p. 213 f.}); Aramaic יָת frequently in ᵑ7; Syriac very rare as mark of accusative (for which is preferred), but used often in the sense of substance οὐσία, also in that of self, e.g. per se, reapse, sibi ipsi, PS^{1640 f.}, Samaritan ; Arabic , only used with suffix, when it is desired to emphasize the pronoun, e.g. Qor 1:4 W^{AG i. § 189.} [Ethiopic uses k£y¹ similarly, Di^{§ 150 a}; but it is dubious if this is etymologically akin.] The primitive form will have been 'iwyath, originally a substantive with following genitive, Ol^{p. 432}; whether ultimately a parallel development with אוֺת sign from √ אוה is uncertain: Ol W^{AG i. § 188} Lag^{M i. 226 affirm}, Nö^{ZMG 1886, 738 doubts. In Hebrew the ground-form is} אוֺת; the forms with ¢, e being abbreviated. In post Biblical Hebrew, used in combination with another preposition: thus בְּאוֺתוֺ הַיּוֺם = Bibl. בַּיּוֺם הַהוּא, בְּאוֺתָהּ הַשָּׁעָה; or as a nomin., e.g. אוֺתוֺ הָאִישׁ = Bibl. הָאִישׁ הַהוּא).

1. As mark of the accusative prefixed to substantives defined either by the article (or כֹּל), or by a genitive or pronominal affix, or in virtue of being proper names:
a. with transitive verbs, Gen 1:1; Gen 1:16; Gen 1:29; Gen 1:30; Gen 2:11; Gen 4:1; Gen 4:2; Gen 9:3 (אֶתֿכֹּל׃) etc. Similarly אֶתמִֿי whom (in particular), Josh 24:15; 1Sam 12:3; 1Sam 28:11; Isa 6:8 and elsewhere (but never אֶתמָֿה); also with זֶה Gen 29:33; Gen 44:29; 1Sam 21:16; 1Kgs 22:27 +, זֹאת Gen 29:27; 2Sam 13:27 +, אֵלֶּה Gen 46:18; Lev 11:18; Isa 49:21 +. So pretty uniformly in prose; but in poetry את is commonly dispensed with. By the use of את with the pronominal affix, a pronoun can at once, if required, be placed in a position of emphasis; let the order of words from this point of view be carefully noticed in the following passages: Gen 7:1; Gen 24:14; Gen 37:4; Lev 10:17; Lev 11:33; Num 22:32 thee I had slain, and her I had kept alive, Deut 4:14; Deut 6:13; Deut 6:23; Deut 13:5; Judg 14:3 אוֺתָהּ קַח לִי take for me her, 1Sam 14:35; 1Sam 15:1; 1Sam 18:17; 1Sam 21:10 אִםאֹֿתָהּ תִּקַּחלְֿךָ קָ֔ח if thou wilt take that, take it, 1Kgs 1:35; 1Kgs 14:9; Isa 43:22; Isa 57:11; Jer 9:2. So הַאוֺתִי Jer 5:22; Jer 7:19. It also sometimes enables the reflexive sense to be expressed (elsewhere נַפְשָׁם) Jer 7:19; Ezek 34:2. Rarely with a substantive which is undefined (Ew^{§ 277 d 2} Ges^{«GKC:117»§ 117}, 1, R. 2), as Exod 21:28; Num 21:9; Lev 20:14; 1Sam 24:6 (but see Dr) 2Sam 4:11; 2Sam 18:18; 2Sam 23:21 or which, though definite, is without the article, Gen 21:30; 2Sam 15:16; Lev 26:5; 1Sam 9:3 (so Num 16:15) Isa 33:19; Isa 41:7; Ezek 43:10 (for further examples see Ew 1.c.)
b. with a passive verb (Ges^{«GKC:121»§ 121}. 1 Ew^{§ 295 b}) conceived as expressing neutrally the action in question, and construed accordingly with an accusative of that which is its real object: examples occur with tolerable frequency from Gen 4:18 (J) וַיִּוָּלֵד לַחֲנוֺךְ אֶתעֿירָד, Gen 17:5 (P), לֹא יִקָּרֵא עוֺד אֶתשִֿׁמְךָ אַברָם there shall not be called (=one shall not call) thy name Abram, Gen 21:5 (E), Gen 27:42; 2Sam 21:11; 1Kgs 18:13; Hos 10:6 etc., to Jer 35:18; Jer 38:4; Jer 50:20; Ezek 16:4; Ezek 16:5; Esth 2:13 (compare Dr^{JPh xi. 227 f.}): also with passive verbs of filling (Ew^{§ 281 b}), as Exod 1:7 +.
c. with neuter verbs or expressions, especially such as involve the idea of regarding, or treating, appy. by a construction κατὰ σύνεσιν (rare), Josh 22:17; 2Sam 11:25; Neh 9:32 (compare 1Sam 20:13 Dr). Once after אֵין, Hag 2:17 אֵין אֶתְכֶם אֵלַיָֽ.
d. poet. (si vera lectio), after an abstract noun used with a verbal force, Hab 3:13 (Amos 4:11; Isa 13:19; Jer 50:40 מַהְפֵּכָה exerts a verbal force, like the Arabic nom. verbi [see W^{AG i. § 196, 43}]; and Num 10:2; Ezek 17:9 לְמַסַּע, לְמַשְׂאוֺת are Aramaizing infinitives: compare Ew^{§ 239 a}).

2. את marks an accusative in other relations than that of direct object to a verb:
a. with verbs of motion (very rare) Num 13:17; Deut 1:19; Deut 2:7 (to 'walk the wilderness'); denoting the goal Judg 19:18; Ezek 21:25 (Ew^{§ 281 d, n., 282 a 1}).
b. denoting time (duration), also very rare: Exod 13:7; Lev 25:22; Deut 9:25.
c. expressing the accus. of limitation (rare): Gen 17:11; Gen 17:14; 1Kgs 15:23.

3. Chiefly in an inferior or later style, אֵת (or וְאֵת) is used irregularly, partly (α), as it would seem, to give greater definiteness (so especially וְאֵת) at the mention of a new subject (when it may sometimes be rendered as regards), or through the influence of a neighbouring verb (a construct κατὰ σύνεσιν), or by an anacoluthon, partly (β) as resuming loosely some other preposition Thus (α) Exod 1:14; Num 3:26; Num 3:46; Num 5:10 (with הָיָה: so Ezek 35:10) Num 18:21b Deut 11:2 (anacoluthon), Deut 14:13; Josh 17:11; Judg 20:44; Judg 20:46 (contr. vJudg 20:25 vJudg 20:35) 1Sam 17:34 (see Dr) 1Sam 26:16; 2Sam 21:22; 2Kgs 6:5; Isa 53:8 (probably), Isa 57:12; Jer 23:33 (but read rather with ᵐ5 ᵑ9 אַתֶּם הַמַּשָּׂא) Jer 27:8; Jer 36:22; Jer 38:16 Kt, Jer 45:4 b Ezek 16:22; Ezek 17:21; Ezek 20:16; Ezek 29:4 b Ezek 43:7 (ᵐ5 Co prefix הֲרָאִיתָ) Ezek 44:3; Zech 8:17; Eccl 4:3; Dan 9:13; Neh 9:19; Neh 9:34; 1Chr 2:9; 2Chr 31:17. In 1Sam 30:23; Hag 2:5 probably some such word as remember is to be understood. (β) Jer 38:9; Ezek 14:22 b Ezek 37:19 b Zech 12:10 סָבִיב אֵת 1Kgs 6:5; Ezek 43:17 strangely (in 1 Kings ᵐ5 omits the clause: so Sta^{ZAW 1883, 135}). — In 1Kgs 11:1 וְ is merely and also, and especially (see וְ); v1Kgs 11:25 is corrupt (read with ᵐ5 זֹאת הָרָעָה אֲשֶׁר עָשָׂה הֲדָד); Ezek 47:17; Ezek 47:18; Ezek 47:19 read similarly for ואת, זֹאת: see vEzek 47:20. — For some particulars as to the use of את, see A. M. Wilson^{Hebraica. vi. 139 ff. 212 ff.} (who, however, confuses it sometimes with II. אֵת). For denoting the pronominal object of a verb, את with suffix preponderates relatively much above the verbal affix in P, as compared with J E Deuteronomy Judges Samuel Kings (see Gie^{ZAW 1881, 258 f.}), — partly, probably, on account of the greater distinctness and precision which P loves.

BDB9600 H853 H3487

יָת mark of accusative (= Biblical Hebrew I. אֵת; Palmyrene ית; Zinjirli^{Had. 28} with suffix ותה; Nabataean, Palmyrene with suffix יתה (Lzb²⁶³ Cooke¹⁷⁰; compare RÉS⁴⁶⁸); ᵑ7 Samaritan יָת; Syriac (rare)); — Dan 3:12 דִּי מַנִּיתָ יָָֽתְהוֺן whom thou hast appointed.

with, from, of, and, by, …

ʾēt

properly, self (but generally used to point out more definitely the object of a verb or preposition, even or namely)

sign of the definite direct object, not translated in English but generally preceding and indicating the accusative

עֶ֚שֶׂר

Root word ten, tens

Dictionary form: עֶשֶׂר · eh-SER

Adjective — Cardinal Number, feminine singular, absolute state a number (one, two, three, …)

In the KJV here: it ten

ten ×72 and ten ×26 of ten ×19 the ten ×5 and the ten ×4 thee ten ×4 was ten ×4 about ten ×3

More options

ten — Default numeral; fits virtually every context.

tens — Use for plural/group sense, e.g. counting by tens.

a group of ten — Clarifies collective unit in organizational contexts.

decade — Rare; only where a set-of-ten grouping is emphasized.

tenfold — Only when multiplicative nuance is clearly intended.

BDB6441 H6235 H6242

עֶשֶׂר, עֲשָׂרָה₁₇₆ noun masculine and feminine ten (Late Hebrew = Biblical Hebrew; perhaps MI³³ עשרֿ; Phoenician עשר, עסר, עשרת, etc.; Arabic , ; Sabean עשר SabDenkm^{No. 11 b, l. 5, 6,} עשרת and compounds Hom^{Chrest. 48}; Ethiopic , ; Assyrian ešertu; ᵑ7 עֲסַר, עַסְרָא; עֲשַׂר, עַשְׂרָא; Syriac , ; Nabataean עשר, all = ten; Palmyrene עשרתא the Ten (rulers)); —

masculine (with noun feminine) עֶ֫שֶׂר 2Sam 15:16 + 53 t. (absolute and construct usually indistinguishable); עָ֑שֶׁר 1Kgs 7:43; 1Chr 6:46 feminine (c. noun masculine): absolute עֲשָׂרָה Gen 24:10 + 69 t.; construct (probably) עֲשֶׂ֫רֶת 1Sam 17:18 + 46 t.; feminine plural עֲשָׂרֹת Exod 18:21 + 2 t.; — on plural עֶשְׂרִים, 20, see below; —

1. a ten, only feminine plural tens in phrase ׳שָׂרֵי ע captains of tens Exod 18:21; Exod 18:25 (E), Deut 1:15.

2. ten, enumerating person or things, usually without other numbers:
a. עֶ֫שֶׂר before feminine plural noun, Gen 45:23 + 43 t. after noun 1Kgs 7:27; 1Kgs 7:43 + late passages Josh 15:57; Josh 21:5; Josh 21:26 (all P), 1Chr 6:46; 2Chr 4:7 before בָּאַמָּה = ten cubits 1Kgs 6:3; 1Kgs 6:25; 1Kgs 6:26; 1Kgs 7:23; 1Kgs 7:24.
b. עֲשָׂרָה before masculine plural noun, Gen 45:23 + 25 t. (including אֲלָפִים ׳ע = 10,000 2Sam 18:3; 2Kgs 24:14 Kt, עֲשֶׂרֶת Qr); before n.collective בָּקָר 1Kgs 5:3, רֶכֶב 2Kgs 13:7 also לֶחֶם הַוֶּה ׳ע 1Sam 17:17 these ten loaves, compare 1Kgs 14:3 אֶלֶף ׳ע Ezek 45:1 read ׳עֶשְׂרִיס א ᵐ5 Hi Co Berthol Toy; after masculine plural noun Gen 32:16 (twice in verse); Gen 43:3 (all E), Josh 17:5 (JE), Num 29:23 (P), 1Kgs 7:43; 2Chr 4:6; 2Chr 4:8; Dan 1:12; Dan 1:14; Dan 1:15 ; after n.collective צאֹן 2Chr 30:24 noun omitted, that is men, Gen 18:32 (J) Amos 5:3; Ezra 8:4 that is shekels (weight) Gen 24:22 (J) Num 7:14 + 13 t. Num 7 (זָהָב ׳ע); כֶסֶף ׳ע (that is shekels, value) 2Sam 18:11 that is measures (of grain) Hag 2:16 with article the ten Gen 18:23 (J; that is men), Neh 11:1 (id. = every ten); as predicate Exod 27:12 (twice in verse) = Exod 38:12 (twice in verse) (all P) .
c. עֲשֶׂ֫רֶת before masculine plural noun Exod 34:28 + 18 t., + כַּעֲשֶׂרֶת הַיָּמִים 1Sam 25:38 (on article compare Weir in Dr, but dubious; probably omitted, so ᵐ5 We Bu), + אֲלָפִים ׳ע = 10,000 Judg 1:4 + 26 t.; noun omitted כֶּסֶף ׳ע (that is shekels) Judg 17:10.

3. rarely + other number:
a. עֶשֶׂר after larger number, מֵאָה שָׁנִים ׳וָע Gen 50:22; Gen 50:26; Josh 24:29 (all E), Judg 2:8.
b. ׳ע before larger number עֶשֶׂר שָׁנִים וּתְשַׁע מֵאוֺת שָׁנָה Gen 5:14 (P).
c. עֲשָׂרָה after larger number, מֵאָה וַעֲשָׂרָה הַזְּכָרִים Ezra 8:12, compare (noun preceding) Ezra 1:10.
d. עֲשָׂרָה after smaller number, שִׁבְעָה שְׁקָלִים וַעֲשָׂרָה הַכָּ֑סֶף Jer 32:9 = seventeen shekels; before smaller number + singular noun עֲשָׂרָה וַחֲמִשָּׁה שֶׁקֶל Ezek 45:12, but read חֲמִשִּׁים joining עֲשָׂרָה to preceding, ᵐ5^A Hi Co and others

BDB6445 H6242 H6235

עֶשְׂרִים₃₁₅ noun plural indeclinable (a) twenty (ancient plural of עֶשֶׂר Prä^{BAS i. 376}; Late Hebrew = Biblical Hebrew; Arabic ; Assyrian ešrâ; Sabean עשרי Hom^{Chrest. 48}; Ethiopic Aramaic עשרין, ; Nabataean עשרין); —

I. as cardinal:

1. without other number:
a. usually followed by singular noun (especially שָׁנָה, אִישׁ, אַמָּה, etc.) Gen 31:38; 1Sam 14:14; Exod 38:18 + 64 t., + עֶשְׂרִים אֶלֶף 20,000 1Chr 18:4 + 7 t. + Ezek 45:1 (reading עֶשְׂרִים אָ֑לֶף, see עֶשֶׂר 2 b).
b. followed by plural noun 2Sam 3:20; Exod 36:23; Exod 36:24; Exod 36:25 + 4 t.
c. followed by singular noun collective 1Kgs 5:3.
d. plural noun precedes Gen 32:15 (twice in verse); Gen 32:16; 2Chr 3:3 + 6 t.
e. noun omitted Gen 18:31 (twice in verse) (׳הָע), 1Kgs 6:2 + 6 t., as predicate Exod 27:10 (twice in verse); Exod 27:11 (twice in verse) + 4 t. feminine + בָּאַמָּה Zech 5:12.

2. + other number:
a. with units, usually 20 + (with וְ) unit + singular noun Judg 10:2; Judg 10:3; 1Kgs 14:20 + 58 t. (including 20 + 1 * 1000, etc., 27 t.); noun omitted Josh 15:32 + 2 t. predicate; less often unit + 20 + singular noun Gen 11:24; Exod 38:24; Num 8:24 (all P) + 27 t.; unit + 20 + בָּאַמָּה Ezek 40:21; Exod 26:2; Exod 36:9 (both P).
b. 20 + unit + plural noun Num 7:8 (twice in verse) (P), 1Chr 2:22 + 3 t. Chronicles
c. plural noun + 20 + unit Josh 19:30 (twice in verse); 1Chr 12:29 (van d. H. v.1Chr 12:28).
d. c. hundreds, 20 usually following; followed by singular noun 1Kgs 9:14; Gen 6:3; Deut 31:2 + 7 t.; noun omitted 2Chr 3:4; Ezra 2:32 = Neh 7:35 20 + 100 (noun omitted) Num 7:86.
e. plural noun + 100 + 20 1Chr 15:5; 1Chr 15:6 — compare further מֵאָה. II. as ordinal:

1. 20 alone, ׳בִּשְׁנַת ע in the twentieth year 1Kgs 15:9 + 4 t.; noun omitted Num 10:11 + 3 t.

2. a. 20 + unit + ns. Ezek 29:17; Ezek 40:1.
b. ns. + 20 + unit Hag 1:15; 2Chr 7:10 +; ns. + unit + 20 Exod 12:8 בִּשְׁנַת + 20 + unit 1Kgs 16:10, etc. — See references below עֶשֶׂר.

BDB9801 H6236 H6235

עֲשַׂר, עַשְׂרָה noun masculine and feminine a ten (see Biblical Hebrew); — masculine (following feminine noun) Dan 7:7; Dan 7:20; Dan 7:24 feminine (before masculine noun) vDan 7:24 תְּרֵי עֲשַׂר = twelve (following masculine noun) Dan 4:26; Ezra 6:17.

ten, tens

ʿeśer

ten (as an accumulation to the extent of the digits)

ten

ten

בָּֽ אַמָּ֔ה

בָּֽ

Prefix — preposition in, at, by, with + "the" (the article is absorbed into the prefix)

אַמָּ֔ה

Root word cubits, cubit, hundred, measure, posts

Dictionary form: אַמָּה · am-MAW

בָּ

Hidden "the" בָּ = the preposition + the article הַ squeezed together: the "a" vowel under the prefix is the swallowed "the". Translate "in the ___".

Noun — Common, feminine singular, absolute state

In the KJV here: in a cubit

cubits ×187 thereof and a cubit ×8 a cubit ×7 cubit ×7 two cubits ×6 and a cubit ×4 and two cubits ×2 cubits on that side ×2

More options

cubit — Standard unit; best default for most architectural contexts.

forearm-length — Highlights anatomical origin; good for explanatory translations.

unit of measure — Vague but useful when exact ancient length is uncertain.

eighteen inches — Functional equivalent; clarifies scale for modern readers.

half a meter — Metric functional equivalent; prefer in non-US contexts.

BDB522 H520

II. אַמָּה₂₄₆ noun feminine ell, cubit (SI אמה; so Sabean DHM^{ZMG 1865, 613}; Aramaic , אַמָּא; Assyrian ammatu Nor²⁸⁰; Ethiopic etymology dubious; Thes and others mater brachii, i.e. length of fore-arm; others derive from √ אמם, precede, be in front, & hence fore-arm compare Di Isa 6:4 Dl^{Pr 109} MV derive immediately from √אמם be wide (see above), אַמָּה = distance, & hence a particular distance, ell, cubit) — ׳א absolute Gen 6:15 +; construct אַמַּת Deut 3:11; Jer 51:13 dual אַמָּתַיִם Exod 25:10 +; plural אַמּוֺת Exod 26:16 +; —

1. cubit, so אַמַּתאִֿישׁ i.e. ordinary cubit, Deut 3:11 (compare Isa 8:1); in Ezek 40:5; Ezek 43:13 is a cubit one hand-breadth longer, compare 2Chr 3:3 בַּמִּחָה הָרִאשׁוֺנָה ׳א; absolute length dubious, compare Smith^{Dict. Bib., article Weights and Measures}; Lepsius^{Längenmaasse der Alten, SBAk 1883,1195 f.} identification with Egyptian, longer cubit. 525m., shorter .450m.; see also Id.^{Babylonian-Assyr. Längenmaasse 1877; MBAk 1877, 741} Oppert^{GGA 1878, 1055; Rev. d'Assyr. i. 124} (also on the Babylonian 'half-cubit' = .270 m. Hpt^{AJPh 1888, 419} Hom^{Semiten i. 501}); on אַצִּילָה ׳א Ezek 41:8 compare Sm & Co (Co strike out); חֲמֵשׁ אמות קָנִים Ezek 42:16 Kt, read מֵאוֺת so Qr Co; chiefly in Ex 25-27. 36-38 (56 t.) 1Kgs 6. 7 (45 t.) 2Chr 3.4 (21 t.) Ezek 40-43 (86 t.); a (one) cubit = אַמָּה Gen 6:16; Exod 25:10; Exod 25:23 +; הָאַמָּה Ezek 43:14 אַחַת ׳א Ezek 40:12 (twice in verse); Ezek 40:42 (3 t. in verse); Ezek 42:4; Ezek 43:14 two cubits = אַמָּתַיִם Exod 25:10; Exod 25:17; Exod 25:23; Exod 30:2; Exod 37:1; Exod 37:6; Exod 37:10; Exod 37:25; Num 11:31 שְׁתַּיִם אַמּוֺת Ezek 40:9; Ezek 41:3; Ezek 41:22; Ezek 43:14 with numbers 1-10 ׳א mostly follows number in plural Exod 26:16; Exod 27:1 (3 t. in verse); 1Kgs 6:10; Ezek 40:5; Ezek 40:7; Ezek 40:9 +; with numbers 11-1000 +, it mostly following number in singular Gen 6:15 (3 t. in verse); Exod 27:12; Exod 27:13; Exod 38:13; Exod 38:14; Exod 38:15; Num 35:4; Josh 3:4; 1Kgs 6:2 (twice in verse); 1Kgs 6:3; 1Kgs 7:15 (twice in verse); Jer 52:21; Jer 52:22; Ezek 40:49 (twice in verse) +; seldom following, in plural Ezek 40:11 (strike out Co) vEzek 40:27 (Co singular) Ezek 42:2 so also עֶשְׂרִים וְחָמֵשׁ אַמּוֺת Ezek 40:13; Ezek 40:29 but חָמֵשׁ וְעֶשְׂרִים אַמָּה Ezek 40:25; Ezek 40:30; Ezek 40:33; Ezek 40:36 (late) also in plural precedes all numbers 2Chr 3:3 (twice in verse); 2Chr 3:4; 2Chr 3:8 (twice in verse) +; 2Chr 6:13; Ezek 42:2 also often בָּאַמָּה following all numbers Exod 26:2 (twice in verse); Exod 26:8 (twice in verse); Exod 27:9; Exod 27:18; Exod 36:9 (twice in verse); Exod 36:15 (twice in verse); Exod 36:21; Num 35:5 (4 t. in verse); 1Kgs 6:6 (3 t. in verse); 1Kgs 7:23 (3 t. in verse); 2Chr 4:2 (3 t. in verse); Ezek 40:21; Ezek 47:3; Zech 5:2 (twice in verse) +, compare לְאַמּוֺת חָמֵשׁ 2Chr 3:11 often וַחֲצִי ׳א Exod 25:10 (3 t. in verse); Exod 25:17 (twice in verse) +, also ׳וַחֲצִי הָא ׳א Exod 26:16; Exod 36:21; Exod 1:31; 1Kgs 17:32; 1Kgs 17:35 etc.; compare שֵׁשׁ אַמּוֺת וָזָרֶ֑ת 1Sam 17:4 followed by בַּמִּדָּה in measurement Josh 3:4; 2Chr 3:3.

2. measure, full measure, limit, only אַמַּת בִּצְעֵךְ the measure of thy gain-making Jer 51:13 (|| קִצֵּךְ).

BDB523 H520

III. [אַמָּה] noun feminine (etymology & meaning dubious; Thes foundation (compare Talmud AW ), from אֵם in metaphorical sense, compare MV; De on Isa 6:4 derived similarly, but makes support of superliminaria (compare ᵐ5 ᵑ6 ᵑ9); Ew Di derived from √ אמם = precede, whence front; Dl^{Pr 110} translates holder from √ אמם be wide, hence contain, hold) only אַמּוֺת הַסִּפִּים Isa 6:4.

BDB9306 H520 H521

[אַמָּה K^{§ 51, 2, Anm. 2}] noun feminine^{Dan 3:1} cubit (= Biblical Hebrew id.; Egyptian Aramaic (plural) אמן RES²⁴⁶ S-C^C44); — plural אַמִּין (so ᵑ7 Syriac) Dan 3:1 (twice in verse); Ezra 6:3; Ezra 6:8.

cubits, cubit, hundred, measure, posts

ʾammâ

properly, a mother (i.e., unit of measure, or the fore-arm (below the elbow), i.e., a cubit

cubit—a measure of distance (the forearm), roughly 18 in (.5m). There are several cubits used in the Old Testament, the cubit of a man or common cubit (Deuteronomy 3:11), the legal cubit or cubit of the sanctuary (Ezekiel 40:5) plus others. See a Bible Dictionary for a complete treatment.

מַקִּפִ֥ים

Root word about, compassed, compassing, compass, destroy, …

Dictionary form: נָקַף · naw-KAHP

Verb — Hiphil, Participle Active, masculine plural, absolute state causative — "he made (someone) do" ongoing action — try "___ing" or "one who ___s"

In the KJV here: compassing

and go round about ×2 compassing ×2 and compassed ×1 and he shall cut down ×1 and ye shall compass ×1 going about ×1 have inclosed ×1 is gone round about ×1

More options

encircle — Best general term for surrounding or going around something.

surround — Prefer for military or hostile contexts of enclosing.

go around — Good for literal movement in a circuit or path.

cut down — Use when the sense is felling trees or destroying vegetation.

hem in — Vivid idiom for trapping or closing in on someone.

strike down — Prefer when the nuance leans toward killing or violent action.

BDB5373 H5362

I. [נָקַף] verb strike off (Late Hebrew strike, wound, Aramaic נְקַף id.; Arabic fregit caput, ut cerebrum appareret; Vulgar Arabic snap with the finger (Dozy^{ii. 716}); Assyrian na‡pu probably= mutilated; Ethiopic peel, flay Di⁶⁴⁹); —

Niph`al Perfect 3 masculine singular וְנִקַּף סִבְכֵי הַיַּ֫עַר consecutive Isa 10:34 and the thickets of the forest shall be struck away (on singular verb compare Ges^{«GKC:145o»§ 145o} Da^{Synt. § 113 b}; or. read נִקְּפוּ; — form possibly Pi`el, but compare Di Du Che^Hpt). Pi`el Perfect 3 plural וְאַחַר עוֺרִי נִקְּפוּזֹֿאת Job 19:25 after my skin, which they (Ges^{«GKC:144g»§ 144g}) have struck off (alluding to ravages of his disease) — this! but text dubious; Bu כָּזאֹת נִקַּף Niph`al which has been thus struck off.

BDB5375 H5362

II. [נָקַף verb] go around (intransitive), (Eccl 45:9 Hiph`il ויקיפהו surround something with (2 accusative); Perfect 3 feminine singular הקיפה 43:12 (accusative+ ב instrumental); Late Hebrew Hiph`il הִקִּיף = Biblical Hebrew; also = cling to, be attached, joined to, and so Aramaic אַקֵּיף (Aph`el), ); Qal Imperfect חַגִּים יִנְקֹ֑פוּ Isa 29:1 (figurative) let feasts go around, i.e. run the round (of the year). Hiph`il Perfect הִקִּיף Job 19:6 3 feminine singular הִקִּ֫יפָהִ Isa 15:8 3 plural הִקִּ֫יפוּ Job 1:5; Ps 88:18, וְהִקִּיפוּ consecutive 2Chr 23:7, suffix הִקִּיפוּנִי Ps 22:17 2 masculine plural וְהִקַּפְתֶּם consecutive 2Kgs 11:8 Imperfect וַיַּקַּף Lam 3:5 3 masculine plural יַקִּ֫יפוּ Ps 17:9, וַיַּקִּ֫פוּ 2Kgs 6:14 2 masculine plural תַּקִּ֫פוּ Lev 19:27 Imperative masculine plural suffix הַקִּיפ֫וּהָ Ps 48:13 Infinitive absolute הַקֵּיף Josh 6:3, הַקֵּף vJosh 6:11 Participle plural מַקִּ(י)פִים 1Kgs 7:24; 2Chr 4:3 —

1. go around, surround, encompass:
a. go around, with accusative of city, Josh 6:3 compare vJosh 6:11 (accusative omitted), Ps 48:13 (all || סָבָב); also (figurative) הִקִּ֫יפָה הַזְּעָקָה אֶתֿ Isa 15:8 the cry hath gone about the border of Moab.
b. surround, encompass, enclose, usually with ׃עַלֿ וַיַּקִּ֫פוּ עַלהָֿעִיר 2Kgs 6:14 and they closed in upon the city (beleaguered it); with עַל person 2Kgs 11:8 (+ סָבִיב), Ps 17:9; Ps 88:18 (|| סָבַב), + accusative of thing Job 19:6 he hath closed his net in upon me compare Lam 3:5 less often with accusative of person Ps 22:17 (|| סָבַב), 2Chr 23:7 (|| 2Kgs 11:8 + סָבִיב), also of inanimate things 1Kgs 7:24 = 2Chr 4:3 (both + סָבִיב, || סָבַב).

2. make the round, i.e. complete the circuit יְמֵי הַמִּשְׁתֶּה ׳הִקּ Job 1:5 when the days of feasting had completed their circuit.

3. make round, round off (literally): פְּאַת ראֹשְׁכֶם ׳לֹא חַקּ Lev 19:27 (|| לֹא תַשְׁחִית אֵת פְּאַת זְקָנֶ֑ךָ), of heathen rite.

BDB7378 H5362

קוף (√of following; apparently = II. נקף, go around).

about, compassed, compassing, compass, destroy, …

nāqap

to strike with more or less violence (beat, fell, corrode); by implication (of attack) to knock together, i.e., surround or circulate

to strike, strike off

(Piel) to strike off skin

(Qal) to go around

to go around, surround, encompass, enclose

אֶת

Particle points to the object of the verb — leave untranslated

Dictionary form: אֵת · ate

Particle — Direct Object Marker

and ×240 of ×109 him ×107 them ×73 with ×72 from ×64 you ×61 me ×54

More options

[direct object marker — untranslated] — Most common use; marks definite direct object, no English equivalent.

with — Use when אֵת expresses accompaniment or association.

from — Use when context implies source or separation.

along with — Emphasizes inclusion or togetherness in a list.

together with — Slightly more formal; stresses joint participation.

among — Use when indicating presence within a group.

BDB853 H853

I. אֵת, with makk. אֶתֿ, with suffix אֹתִי; אֹתְךָ, אֹתְכָה Num 22:33, אֹתָ֑ךְ, אֹתָ֑כָה Exod 29:35, feminine אֹתָךְ; אֹתוֺ etc.; 2 plural אֶתְכֶם, once אוֺתְכֶם Josh 23:15 3 masculine plural regularly אֹתָם, rarely אֶתְהֶם Gen 32:1; Exod 18:20; Num 21:3; Ezek 34:12; 1Chr 6:50, once אוֺתְהֶם Ezek 23:45 3 feminine plural, on the contrary, regularly אֶתְהֶן (13 t.), once אֹתָן Ezek 16:54 (also אוֺתְהֶן Ezek 23:47, אֹתָ֖נָה Exod 35:26, אוֺתָ֖נָה Ezek 34:21); forms with cholem also often written plene: — the mark of the accusative, prefixed as a rule only to nouns that are definite (Moabite id., Phoenician אית i.e. אִיַּת (Schröd^{p. 213 f.}); Aramaic יָת frequently in ᵑ7; Syriac very rare as mark of accusative (for which is preferred), but used often in the sense of substance οὐσία, also in that of self, e.g. per se, reapse, sibi ipsi, PS^{1640 f.}, Samaritan ; Arabic , only used with suffix, when it is desired to emphasize the pronoun, e.g. Qor 1:4 W^{AG i. § 189.} [Ethiopic uses k£y¹ similarly, Di^{§ 150 a}; but it is dubious if this is etymologically akin.] The primitive form will have been 'iwyath, originally a substantive with following genitive, Ol^{p. 432}; whether ultimately a parallel development with אוֺת sign from √ אוה is uncertain: Ol W^{AG i. § 188} Lag^{M i. 226 affirm}, Nö^{ZMG 1886, 738 doubts. In Hebrew the ground-form is} אוֺת; the forms with ¢, e being abbreviated. In post Biblical Hebrew, used in combination with another preposition: thus בְּאוֺתוֺ הַיּוֺם = Bibl. בַּיּוֺם הַהוּא, בְּאוֺתָהּ הַשָּׁעָה; or as a nomin., e.g. אוֺתוֺ הָאִישׁ = Bibl. הָאִישׁ הַהוּא).

1. As mark of the accusative prefixed to substantives defined either by the article (or כֹּל), or by a genitive or pronominal affix, or in virtue of being proper names:
a. with transitive verbs, Gen 1:1; Gen 1:16; Gen 1:29; Gen 1:30; Gen 2:11; Gen 4:1; Gen 4:2; Gen 9:3 (אֶתֿכֹּל׃) etc. Similarly אֶתמִֿי whom (in particular), Josh 24:15; 1Sam 12:3; 1Sam 28:11; Isa 6:8 and elsewhere (but never אֶתמָֿה); also with זֶה Gen 29:33; Gen 44:29; 1Sam 21:16; 1Kgs 22:27 +, זֹאת Gen 29:27; 2Sam 13:27 +, אֵלֶּה Gen 46:18; Lev 11:18; Isa 49:21 +. So pretty uniformly in prose; but in poetry את is commonly dispensed with. By the use of את with the pronominal affix, a pronoun can at once, if required, be placed in a position of emphasis; let the order of words from this point of view be carefully noticed in the following passages: Gen 7:1; Gen 24:14; Gen 37:4; Lev 10:17; Lev 11:33; Num 22:32 thee I had slain, and her I had kept alive, Deut 4:14; Deut 6:13; Deut 6:23; Deut 13:5; Judg 14:3 אוֺתָהּ קַח לִי take for me her, 1Sam 14:35; 1Sam 15:1; 1Sam 18:17; 1Sam 21:10 אִםאֹֿתָהּ תִּקַּחלְֿךָ קָ֔ח if thou wilt take that, take it, 1Kgs 1:35; 1Kgs 14:9; Isa 43:22; Isa 57:11; Jer 9:2. So הַאוֺתִי Jer 5:22; Jer 7:19. It also sometimes enables the reflexive sense to be expressed (elsewhere נַפְשָׁם) Jer 7:19; Ezek 34:2. Rarely with a substantive which is undefined (Ew^{§ 277 d 2} Ges^{«GKC:117»§ 117}, 1, R. 2), as Exod 21:28; Num 21:9; Lev 20:14; 1Sam 24:6 (but see Dr) 2Sam 4:11; 2Sam 18:18; 2Sam 23:21 or which, though definite, is without the article, Gen 21:30; 2Sam 15:16; Lev 26:5; 1Sam 9:3 (so Num 16:15) Isa 33:19; Isa 41:7; Ezek 43:10 (for further examples see Ew 1.c.)
b. with a passive verb (Ges^{«GKC:121»§ 121}. 1 Ew^{§ 295 b}) conceived as expressing neutrally the action in question, and construed accordingly with an accusative of that which is its real object: examples occur with tolerable frequency from Gen 4:18 (J) וַיִּוָּלֵד לַחֲנוֺךְ אֶתעֿירָד, Gen 17:5 (P), לֹא יִקָּרֵא עוֺד אֶתשִֿׁמְךָ אַברָם there shall not be called (=one shall not call) thy name Abram, Gen 21:5 (E), Gen 27:42; 2Sam 21:11; 1Kgs 18:13; Hos 10:6 etc., to Jer 35:18; Jer 38:4; Jer 50:20; Ezek 16:4; Ezek 16:5; Esth 2:13 (compare Dr^{JPh xi. 227 f.}): also with passive verbs of filling (Ew^{§ 281 b}), as Exod 1:7 +.
c. with neuter verbs or expressions, especially such as involve the idea of regarding, or treating, appy. by a construction κατὰ σύνεσιν (rare), Josh 22:17; 2Sam 11:25; Neh 9:32 (compare 1Sam 20:13 Dr). Once after אֵין, Hag 2:17 אֵין אֶתְכֶם אֵלַיָֽ.
d. poet. (si vera lectio), after an abstract noun used with a verbal force, Hab 3:13 (Amos 4:11; Isa 13:19; Jer 50:40 מַהְפֵּכָה exerts a verbal force, like the Arabic nom. verbi [see W^{AG i. § 196, 43}]; and Num 10:2; Ezek 17:9 לְמַסַּע, לְמַשְׂאוֺת are Aramaizing infinitives: compare Ew^{§ 239 a}).

2. את marks an accusative in other relations than that of direct object to a verb:
a. with verbs of motion (very rare) Num 13:17; Deut 1:19; Deut 2:7 (to 'walk the wilderness'); denoting the goal Judg 19:18; Ezek 21:25 (Ew^{§ 281 d, n., 282 a 1}).
b. denoting time (duration), also very rare: Exod 13:7; Lev 25:22; Deut 9:25.
c. expressing the accus. of limitation (rare): Gen 17:11; Gen 17:14; 1Kgs 15:23.

3. Chiefly in an inferior or later style, אֵת (or וְאֵת) is used irregularly, partly (α), as it would seem, to give greater definiteness (so especially וְאֵת) at the mention of a new subject (when it may sometimes be rendered as regards), or through the influence of a neighbouring verb (a construct κατὰ σύνεσιν), or by an anacoluthon, partly (β) as resuming loosely some other preposition Thus (α) Exod 1:14; Num 3:26; Num 3:46; Num 5:10 (with הָיָה: so Ezek 35:10) Num 18:21b Deut 11:2 (anacoluthon), Deut 14:13; Josh 17:11; Judg 20:44; Judg 20:46 (contr. vJudg 20:25 vJudg 20:35) 1Sam 17:34 (see Dr) 1Sam 26:16; 2Sam 21:22; 2Kgs 6:5; Isa 53:8 (probably), Isa 57:12; Jer 23:33 (but read rather with ᵐ5 ᵑ9 אַתֶּם הַמַּשָּׂא) Jer 27:8; Jer 36:22; Jer 38:16 Kt, Jer 45:4 b Ezek 16:22; Ezek 17:21; Ezek 20:16; Ezek 29:4 b Ezek 43:7 (ᵐ5 Co prefix הֲרָאִיתָ) Ezek 44:3; Zech 8:17; Eccl 4:3; Dan 9:13; Neh 9:19; Neh 9:34; 1Chr 2:9; 2Chr 31:17. In 1Sam 30:23; Hag 2:5 probably some such word as remember is to be understood. (β) Jer 38:9; Ezek 14:22 b Ezek 37:19 b Zech 12:10 סָבִיב אֵת 1Kgs 6:5; Ezek 43:17 strangely (in 1 Kings ᵐ5 omits the clause: so Sta^{ZAW 1883, 135}). — In 1Kgs 11:1 וְ is merely and also, and especially (see וְ); v1Kgs 11:25 is corrupt (read with ᵐ5 זֹאת הָרָעָה אֲשֶׁר עָשָׂה הֲדָד); Ezek 47:17; Ezek 47:18; Ezek 47:19 read similarly for ואת, זֹאת: see vEzek 47:20. — For some particulars as to the use of את, see A. M. Wilson^{Hebraica. vi. 139 ff. 212 ff.} (who, however, confuses it sometimes with II. אֵת). For denoting the pronominal object of a verb, את with suffix preponderates relatively much above the verbal affix in P, as compared with J E Deuteronomy Judges Samuel Kings (see Gie^{ZAW 1881, 258 f.}), — partly, probably, on account of the greater distinctness and precision which P loves.

BDB9600 H853 H3487

יָת mark of accusative (= Biblical Hebrew I. אֵת; Palmyrene ית; Zinjirli^{Had. 28} with suffix ותה; Nabataean, Palmyrene with suffix יתה (Lzb²⁶³ Cooke¹⁷⁰; compare RÉS⁴⁶⁸); ᵑ7 Samaritan יָת; Syriac (rare)); — Dan 3:12 דִּי מַנִּיתָ יָָֽתְהוֺן whom thou hast appointed.

with, from, of, and, by, …

ʾēt

properly, self (but generally used to point out more definitely the object of a verb or preposition, even or namely)

sign of the definite direct object, not translated in English but generally preceding and indicating the accusative

הַ יָּ֖ם

הַ

Prefix — article the

יָּ֖ם

Root word sea, west, seas, westward, side, …

Dictionary form: יָם · yawm

Noun — Common, masculine singular, absolute state

In the KJV here: the sea

the sea ×86 of the sea ×70 sea ×68 westward ×19 the west ×17 of the seas ×12 and the sea ×8 at the sea ×7

More options

sea — Best default; fits ocean, lake, or large body.

ocean — Use when scale or vastness is emphasized.

west — Directional sense; Israelites faced east, sea lay west.

waters — Poetic or collective contexts; evokes expanse.

lake — Smaller inland bodies, e.g. Sea of Galilee.

western — Adjectival directional use, e.g. 'western border'.

BDB3567 H3220

יָם₃₉₀ noun masculine^{Exod 14:27} sea (Phoenician ים; Arabic ; Palmyrene בימא on the sea, Vog^{No. 79}; on Assyrian iâmu, (¹mu), sea, see Dl^{HWB 307} M-A^{CD 52} Hpt^{BAS i. 171 n}.) — absolute יָם 1Sam 13:5 +; יָ֫מָּה Gen 28:14 +; construct יָם Gen 14:3 + 23 t., also יָ֫מָּה סוּף Exod 10:19, but always יַםסֿוּף Exod 13:18 + 22 t.; suffix יַמָּהּ Jer 51:36 plural יַמִּים Judg 5:17 + 29 t.; — sea: especially

1. Mediterranean Num 13:29 (E), Num 34:5 (P), Deut 1:7; Josh 5:1; 1Kgs 5:23 (twice in verse); Jonah 1:4 (twice in verse) + often; the Mediterranean is called also הַיָּם הַגָּדוֺל Num 34:6; Num 34:7; Josh 15:12; Josh 15:47; Ezek 48:28 +, compare וּרְחַב יָדַיִם ׳גּ ׳הַיּ Ps 104:25 מְבוֺא ׳הַיָּם חַגּ הַשָּׁ֑מֶשׁ Josh 1:4; Josh 23:4 (see Assyrian name of Mediterranean tiamtu rabitu ša sulmu šamši, etc., Schr^{Namender Meere. 171 ff.}); אֶלמֿוּל הַלְּבָנוֺן ׳הַגּ ׳הַיּ Josh 9:1 הָאַחֲרוֺן ׳הַיּ the hinder sea Deut 11:24; Deut 34:2; Zech 14:8; Joel 2:20 (in the last two opposed to הַקַּדְמֹנִי ׳הַיּ, see below); of Mediterranean in particular part יָם פְּלִשְׁתִּים Exod 23:31 (JE); יָם יָפוֺ 2Chr 2:15 = יָם יָפוֺא Ezra 3:7.

**Of Mediterranean in plural Dan 11:45 [compare 8 d] Hi Ke Meinh Bev Dr (world-encircling seas Behrm).

2. יַםסֿוּף 'Red Sea' (see סוּף) Exod 13:18 (compare Exod 10:19), Exod 15:4; Num 14:25; Deut 1:40; Josh 2:10; Judg 11:16 + often; also הַיָּם Exod 14:2 (twice in verse); Exod 14:9; Isa 51:10 (twice in verse); Isa 63:11 +; probably also יָםמִֿצְרַיִם Isa 11:15 'Red Sea' named or referred to approximately 66 t.; יִםסֿוּף clearly of lanitic Gulf 1Kgs 9:26 (compare 2Chr 8:17).

3. Dead Sea, יָם מֶלַח sea of salt Gen 14:3; Num 34:3; Num 34:12; Deut 3:17; Josh 3:16; Josh 12:3; Josh 15:2; Josh 15:5; Josh 18:19 יָם הָעֲרָבָה Deut 3:17; Deut 4:49; Josh 3:16; Josh 12:3; 2Kgs 14:25 הַקַּדְמֹנִי ׳הַי Ezek 47:18; Zech 14:8; Joel 2:29 (see above); simply יָם Isa 16:8; Jer 48:32 — in יָם יַעְזֵר Jer 48:32 יָם is textual error, strike out with Gf Gr Che Gie.

4. Sea of Galilee יָם כִּנֶּרֶת Num 34:11; Josh 13:27 יָם כִּנְּרוֺת Josh 12:3 simply יָם Deut 33:23.

5. more generally sea, opposed to earth and (or) sky Gen 1:26; Gen 1:28; Gen 9:2 (P), Exod 20:11 (E), Hag 2:6 + often Job, Psalms, Isa² etc.; Amos 6:12 read בַּבָּקָר יָם for בקרים (see בָּקָר); sea as under earth Ps 24:2 (compare Gen 1:10; Gen 6:11; Exod 20:5 = Deut 5:3); figurative of flood of invaders, עָלָה עַלבָּֿבֶל הַיָּם Jer 51:42.

6. of a mighty river, the Nile Nah 3:8 (twice in verse); Isa 19:5 (|| נָהָר); compare הַתַּנִּין אֲשֶׁר בַּיָּם Isa 27:1 and כַּתַּנִּים בַּיַּמִּים Ezek 32:2 (simile of Pharaoh); of Euphrates Isa 21:1; Jer 51:36 (according to Che Gf and others; Isa 21:1 perhaps better of Persian Gulf, see Di).

7. the great basin in temple-court, called the sea: וַיַּעַשׂ אֶתהַֿיָּם מוּצָק 1Kgs 7:23 = 2Chr 4:2 יָם הַנְּחשֶׁת 2Kgs 25:13; 1Chr 18:8; Jer 52:17 הַיָּם alone 1Kgs 7:24; 1Kgs 7:25 + 10 t. Kings Chronicles + Jer 52:20.

8. combinations are:
a. shore of sea, sea-shore שְׂפַת הַיָּם Josh 11:4; 1Kgs 5:9, and in simile Gen 22:17; Judg 7:12; 1Sam 13:5 ׳חוֺף הַי Josh 9:1; Ezek 25:16 חוֺף יַמִּים Gen 49:13; Judg 5:17 compare חֶבֶל הַיָּם Zeph 2:5 region by the sea; so vZeph 2:6 but dubious, see I. חֶבֶל

3. b. sand of the sea (shore) חוֺל הַיָּם (in simile) Gen 32:13; Gen 41:49; Hos 2:1; Isa 10:22 + often (see חוֺל); חוֺל גְּבוּל לַיָּם Jer 5:22.
c. לְשׁוֺן הַיָּם tongue (arm or gulf) of sea Josh 15:5; Josh 18:19; Isa 11:5.
d. מִיָּם עַדיָֿם Amos 8:12; Zech 9:10; Ps 72:8, compare Mic 7:12; Zech 14:8 (twice in verse); Joel 2:20 (twice in verse); Dan 11:45.

9. = (west, west-word (originally sea-ward, from position of Mediterranean with reference to Palestine, and this sense still often perceptible): with other three points of compass Gen 13:14; Gen 28:14 (J), Num 2:18; Num 35:5 (P), Deut 3:27; 1Kgs 7:25; 1Chr 9:24; 2Chr 4:4; Ezek 42:19 + 6 t. Ezekiel; Zech 14:4; Dan 8:4; Ps 107:3 (מִמִּזְרָח וּמִמַּעֲרָב מִצָּפוֺן וּמִיָּם; but read perhaps וּמִיָּמִן from the south, Hu Pe Bi Che); opposed to east Josh 11:2; Josh 16:6 + 16 t. Ezek 48 west alone Gen 12:8 (J); רוּהַ יָם Ezek 10:19 (J) west wind; מִיָּם לְ westward Josh 8:9; Josh 8:12; Josh 8:13 +; יָ֫מָּה westward, often of tabernacle Exod 26:22; Exod 26:27; Num 3:23 + (all P), and of land Josh 5:1; Josh 15:8; Josh 15:10 etc., + often Ezekiel; דֶּרֶךְ הַיָּם = westward Ezek 41:12 גְּבוּל יָם western border Num 34:6 (twice in verse); Josh 15:2 פְּאַתיָֿם west side Exod 27:12; Exod 38:12; Num 35:5; Josh 18:14 פְּאַת דרך הים Ezek 41:12 (see further פאה).

BDB9582 H3220 H3221

[יַם] noun masculine sea (ᵑ7 Syriac; see B יָם, √ ימם); — emphatic יַמָּא Dan 7:2; Dan 7:3.

sea, west, seas, westward, side, …

yām

a sea (as breaking in noisy surf) or large body of water; specifically (with the article), the Mediterranean Sea; sometimes a large river, or an artifical basin; locally, the west, or (rarely) the south

sea

Mediterranean Sea

סָבִ֑יב

Root word about, side, compass, round, circuits

Dictionary form: סָבִיב · saw-BEEB

Noun — Common, both singular, absolute state

In the KJV here: round about

round about ×161 on every side ×15 thereof round about ×14 are round about ×12 it round about ×9 were round about ×7 about ×6 round about him ×5

More options

surrounding — Versatile adjective/participle; fits most contexts naturally.

around — Clean preposition/adverb for motion or position contexts.

on all sides — Emphasizes completeness or encirclement; vivid in military scenes.

encircling — Active, dynamic feel; good for siege or boundary descriptions.

nearby — Softer spatial sense; use when 'around' feels too precise.

in every direction — Highlights totality; suits panoramic or cosmic descriptions.

BDB5477 H5439 H4036 H5437

סָבִיב₃₃₆ substantive, used mostly as adverb and preposition, circuit, round about: — construct סְבִיב Amos 3:11 plural construct סְבִיבֵי Jer 32:44; Jer 33:13, suffix סְבִיבֶיךָ etc. (10 t.), much oftener סְבִיבוֺת Exod 7:24 + 22 t., סְבִיבוֺתַי, תֶיךָ-, etc., Deut 17:14, etc. (48 t.): —

1. in singular —
a. as substantive 1Chr 11:8 מןהֿמלוא וְעַדהַֿסָּבִיב and to the parts round about.
b. as adverb accusative סָבִיב (in) a circuit, i.e. round about, Gen 23:17 בְּכָלגְּֿבֻלוֺ סָבִיב Exod 19:12; Exod 25:11; Exod 25:24; Exod 25:25; Lev 1:5; Lev 1:11 עַל הַמִּזְבֵּחַ סָבִיב, Judg 20:29; 1Kgs 3:1; 1Kgs 5:11; Ps 3:7 שָׁתוּ עָלָ֑י ׳אֲשֶׁר ס, Ps 12:9; Ps 34:8 + often; sometimes doubled, for the sake of emphasis, 2Chr 4:3; Ezek 8:10 ׳ס ׳עַל הַקִּיר ס, Ezek 37:2; Ezek 40:5 and often in Ezek 40-43.
c. as preposition:
(a) Psalms, Amos 3:11 צַר וּסְבִיב הָאָרֶץ distress, and that in the circuit of (= round about) the land (but read probably with ᵑ6 יְסֹבֵב will encircle).
(b) ׳סָבִיב לְ Exod 16:13; Exod 40:33; Num 1:50; Num 1:53; Num 2:2; Judg 7:21; 1Kgs 6:5; 1Kgs 18:32; 1Kgs 18:35; Ezek 41:10; Ezek 14:16; Job 19:12; Ps 34:8; Ps 78:28; Ps 125:2 (twice in verse) סָבִיב לְעַמּוֺ ׳י, Ps 128:3; Song 3:7; Nah 3:8.
(c) strangely, סָבִיב אֵת 1Kgs 6:5 (omitted by ᵐ5), Ezek 43:17.
d. מִסָּבִיב₄₂, from round about, from every side, Ezek 16:33; Ezek 16:37; Ezek 23:22; Ezek 37:21, but usually (מִן 1 c) = on every side, Jer 4:17 הָיוּ עָלֶיהָ מִסָּבִיב, Isa 42:25 ׳וַתְּלַהֲטֵהוּ מ, Joel 4:11; Joel 4:12 Psalms מָגוֺר מִסָּבִיב terror on every side ! Jer 6:25; Jer 20:3; Jer 20:10; Jer 46:5; Jer 49:29; Ps 31:14, compare Lam 2:22 especially in the Deuteronomic phrases ׳אוֺיְבִים מ, or ׳הֵנִיחַ מ (sometimes in combination), as Deut 12:10 ׳והניח לכם מכלאֿויביכם מ, Deut 25:19; Josh 21:42 ׳לָהֶם מ ׳וַיָּנַח י, Josh 23:1; Judg 2:14; Judg 8:34; 1Sam 12:11 +; מִסָּבִיב לְ from round about, Num 16:24; Num 16:27. — On 1Sam 14:21; 2Sam 24:6; Job 10:8 see סָבַב.

2. In plur.: —
a. סְבִיבִים:
(a) in masculine sense, those round about, Ps 76:12 כָּלסְֿבִיבָיו יֹבִילוּ שַׁי, Ps 89:8; Jer 48:17; Jer 48:39.
(b) in neuter sense, the parts round about, Jer 49:5 מִכָּלסְֿבִיבָ֑יִךְ, בִּסְבִיבֵי ירושׁלם Jer 32:44; Jer 33:13; Jer 21:14 וְאָֽכְלָה כָּלסְֿבִיבֶיהָ, Jer 46:14 with the force of a perp., Ps 50:3 וסביביו נשׂערה מאד, Ps 97:2; Lam 1:17.
b. סְבִיבוֺת
(a) as substantive (α) circuits, Eccl 1:6 ועל סביבותיו שָׁב הָרוּחַ; (β) the parts round about, Num 22:4 ילחכו הקהל אתכֿלסְֿבִיבֹתֵינוּ, Jer 17:26; Jer 50:32 (compare Jer 21:14 above); with reference to their inhabitants, Ps 44:19 = Ps 79:4 ׳לעג וקלס לסב, Ezek 16:57; Ezek 28:24; Dan 9:16.
(b) with the force a preposition Exod 7:24 סְבִיבֹת הַיְאֹר literally (in) the circuits of the Nile = round about the Nile, Num 11:24; Num 11:31; Num 11:32; Num 35:2 סְבִיבֹתֵיהֶם, Judg 7:18; 1Sam 26:5; 1Sam 26:7; 2Kgs 6:17 סביבֹת אלישׁע, Ps 18:12; Ps 27:6 על אֹיְבַי סביבותי, etc.; often idiomatic preceded by אשׁר, as Gen 33:5 הערים אשׁר סביבותיהם Gen 41:48; Lev 25:44; Num 16:34; Deut 6:14; Deut 13:8; Deut 17:14; Deut 21:2 +. In the same sense מִסְּבִיבוֺתָם Ezek 28:26.

about, side, compass, round, circuits

sābîb

(as noun) a circle, neighbour, or environs; but chiefly (as adverb, with or without preposition) around

(subst) places round about, circuit, round about

שְׁנֵ֤י

Root word two, twelve, both, twelfth, second, …

Dictionary form: שְׁנַיִם · sheh-na-YIM

Adjective — Cardinal Number, masculine dual, construct state dual — a natural pair ("two ___"); "___ of …" — bound to the next word; a number (one, two, three, …)

In the KJV here: in two

two ×174 and two ×106 the two ×62 twelve ×34 both ×31 were twelve ×27 and the two ×23 and twelve ×15

More options

two — Standard cardinal number; fits virtually every context.

both — Use when referring to a pair already mentioned.

a pair — Emphasizes the twosome as a unit or set.

double — Prefer when quantity or amount is being doubled.

twice — Use for repetition or frequency, not counting objects.

twelve — Compound use; only when context indicates ten-plus-two.

BDB10007 H8145 H8147

תנא (ᵑ7 Syriac; = Biblical Hebrew II. שָׁנָה, שְׁנַיִם, שֵׁנִי).

BDB8886 H8147

שְׁנַ֫יִם, שְׁתַּיִם (Philippi^{ZMG xlix (1895), 202} Ges^{«GKC:97b»§ 97b} note):768 noun masculine and feminine dual two (Late Hebrew id.; Phoenician אשנם (and ׳שנ second), Punic שנם Lzb³⁸⁰; Arabic ; Sabean תֿני Hom^{Chr 47}, Aramaic תְּרֵין, (תִּנְיָנָא, second); Nabataean תרין, Palmyrene feminine תרתן, תרתיא, Lzb³⁸⁸; Assyrian šinâ; on etymology see √, and especially Philippi^{ZMG xxxii (1878), 21-98}); —

masculine (with masculine noun) שְׁנַיִם Amos 3:3 +; construct שְׁנֵי Isa 7:16 +, suffix שְׁנֵיהֶם Gen 2:25 +, etc.; feminine (with feminine noun) שְׁתַּיִם Amos 4:8 +; construct שְׁתֵּי Gen 4:19, וּשְׁתֵּי Isa 7:21 +, etc., מִשְּׁתֵֿי Judg 16:28 (see GFM); suffixes see below (2 + 10 = 12, see below); Hexateuch chiefly P; — two:

1. no other number:
a. usually construct before plural noun (צְמִידִים) שְׁנֵי Gen 24:22 + 19 t. + 2Sam 23:20 || 1Chr 11:22 (insert בְּנֵי ᵐ5 Th modern, otherwise RS^{Semitic i. 469, 2nd ed., 488}); (נָשִׁים) שְׁתֵּי Gen 4:19 + 132 t., 1Sam 10:4 insert כִּכְּרוֺת Klo HPS Bu Now; Lev 16:21 read dual יָדָיו Qr, + Judg 16:28 (see above) + שְׁתֵּיאֵֿלֶּה Isa 47:9 both these things; before singular noun, שְׁנֵי Exod 16:22 (Ges^{«GKC:134e»§ 134e}); suffix שְׁנֵיתֶם the two of them Gen 2:25 + 62 t., + Prov 24:22 (> their years ᵑ6 ᵑ7 De and others; probably corrupt, see Toy), שְׁנֵינוּ Gen 31:37 + 2 t., שְׁנֵיכֶם Gen 27:45 שְׁתֵּיהֶם (masculine suffix! Ges^{«GKC:135o»§ 135o}) Ruth 1:19; Ruth 4:11, יֵ֯הֶן 1Sam 25:43; Ezek 23:13.
b. absolute (1) שְׁנַ֫יִם (90 t.), before plural noun Judg 11:37 + 26 t.; after plural noun 2Sam 1:1; Exod 29:1+ 21 t. (usually P Chronicles), singular noun (collective) Gen 46:27; Num 7:17 + 11 t. Num 17 noun omitted Gen 7:2; Gen 44:27 + 26 t.; ׳שׁ ׳שׁ distributive Gen 7:9 +; ׳לִשׁ cut in two 2Kgs 3:25; Jer 34:18 = double amount Exod 22:3; Exod 22:6; Exod 22:8 (E); ׳פִּי שׁ Deut 21:17 double portion, + בְּרוּחֲךָ 2Kgs 2:9 in (of) thy spirit, + בָּהּ Zech 3:18 (2) שְׁתַּ֫יִם (55 t.) before plural noun 1Kgs 3:16 + 16 t.; after plural noun (usually P and late) 2Chr 24:3 + 9 t.; noun omitted, = two things Isa 51:19; Job 13:20; Prov 30:7 שְׁתַּיִם = twice 2Kgs 6:10; Job 40:5; Ps 62:12 (or as Prov 30:7), ׳בִּשׁ Job 33:14 either so, or in two ways RVm (see De); as ordinal בִּשְׁנַת שְׁתַּיִם לְ 1Kgs 15:25 + 9 t., etc.; (3) as round number, שְׁנַיִם עֵצִים 1Kgs 17:12 a few sticks (German 'ein paar'), compare 2Kgs 9:32; Isa 17:6 שְׁתַּיִם שָׁלשׁ Amos 4:8, פַּעַם וּשְׁתָּ֑יִם Neh 13:20, compare Jer 3:14 אֶחָד מֵעִיר וּשְׁנַיִם מִמִּשְׁפָּחָה = a small number; Ezra 10:13 not for one or two days (but for many), 2Kgs 6:10.

2. twelve: with noun masculine שְׁנֵים עָשָׂר Gen 42:13 + 87 t., לִשְׁנֵי עָשָׂר Exod 28:21 + 4 t.; with noun feminine שְׁתֵּים עֶשְׂרֵה Exod 24:4 + 34 t., שְׁתֵּי עֶשְׂרֵה Ezek 32:1; Ezek 32:17; Ezek 33:21 before plural noun Gen 17:20; Exod 15:27 +; after plural noun Num 7:84 (twice in verse) +; before singular noun Exod 28:21 +, Gen 14:4 (12 year) +, etc.; as ordinal, יוֺם בְּיוֺם שְׁנֵים עָשָׂר Num 7:78, בִּשְׁתֵּי עֶשְׂרֵה שָׁנָה Ezek 32:1 +, etc.

3. with larger number: 10 (etc.) + 2, 2Sam 8:5; Judg 10:3 + 56 t.; 2 + 10 (etc.) Num 1:35 (P), 2Chr 22:2 + 18 t. (Kö^{ii. 1. 215 ff.} Ges^{«GKC:97f»§ 97f}.); 200 + 2 + 30, 1Kgs 20:15 50 + 2 as ordinal 2Kgs 15:27 + 2 t.; compare 2 + 20, 1Chr 24:17.

two, twelve, both, twelfth, second, …

šĕnayim

two; also (as ordinal) twofold

two

two (the cardinal number)

two, both, double, twice

טוּרִים֙

Root word row, rows

Dictionary form: טוּר · toor

Noun — Common, masculine plural, absolute state plural — usually add "-s"

In the KJV here: rows

rows ×11 row ×8 and a row ×2 the first row ×2 and there was a row ×1 in a row ×1 in rows ×1

More options

row — Most direct equivalent; suits architectural or table contexts.

course — Preferred for layers of stone or masonry.

tier — Use for stacked or layered arrangements.

line — More general; good for people or objects in sequence.

band — Suits decorative or patterned horizontal strips.

BDB3322 H2905

טוּר noun masculine^{Exod 28:17} row — absolute ׳ט Exod 28:17 + 9 t.; construct id. Exod 28:17 + 3 t.; plural טוּרִים Exod 28:17 + 7 t.; טֻרִים 1Kgs 7:20 construct טוּרֵי Exod 39:10 + 2 t.; —

1. row, course of building-stones, in temple and in Solomon's house 1Kgs 6:36; 1Kgs 7:12 forming enclosures in corner of court Ezek 46:23a; of beams Ezek 6:36; Ezek 7:12, see also Ezek 7:4 (Th Klo, see שֶׁקֶף, שְׁקֻפִים); of pillars Ezek 7:2; Ezek 7:3.

2. row of jewels, on high priest's breast-piece Exod 28:17 (3 t. in verse); Exod 28:18; Exod 28:19; Exod 28:20; Exod 39:10 (3 t. in verse); Exod 39:11; Exod 39:12; Exod 39:13 (all P); of pomegranates on capitals of pillars in temple 1Kgs 7:20; 1Kgs 7:42; 2Chr 4:13, so also probably 1Kgs 7:18, see Th Klo, after ᵐ5; of knops round the molten sea 1Kgs 7:24, compare 2Chr 4:3 (oxen הַבָּקָר, erroneous for הַפְּקָעִים 1Kgs 7:24).

row, rows

ṭûr

a row; hence, a wall

row

row, course (of building)

הַ פְּקָעִ֔ים

הַ

Prefix — article the

פְּקָעִ֔ים

Root word knops

Dictionary form: פֶּקַע · peh-KA

Noun — Common, masculine plural, absolute state plural — usually add "-s"

In the KJV here: the knops

the knops ×1 there were knops ×1 with knops ×1

More options

gourd — Most common modern rendering; matches botanical shape.

gourd-shaped ornament — Clarifies decorative function in temple descriptions.

bud — Emphasizes floral/botanical form; suits poetic contexts.

knob — Modernized form of KJV 'knop'; plain architectural term.

carved gourd — Highlights crafted, sculptural nature of the detail.

BDB6749 H6497

פְּקָעִים noun masculine^{1Kgs 7:24} plural carved wood or metal ornaments, either ball-, knob-shaped (Löw^{p. 332 f.}) of gourd-shaped (so most; compare following; Syriac flowers [Lexicons]); — 1Kgs 6:18; 1Kgs 7:24 (twice in verse).

knops

peqaʿ

a semi-globe

knob-shaped or ball-shaped or gourd-shaped carved wood or metal ornament

יְצֻקִ֖ים

Root word cast, pour, poured, out, molten, …

Dictionary form: יָצַק · yaw-TSAHK

Verb — Qal, Participle Passive, masculine plural, absolute state simple action — "he did" a settled state — try "___ed"

In the KJV here: when it was cast

and pour ×5 and he cast ×4 and he poured ×3 and poured ×3 cast ×3 a molten ×2 and thou shalt cast ×2 i will pour ×2

More options

pour — Best for liquid contexts; most common everyday usage.

cast — Use for molten metal shaped in a mold.

mold — Emphasizes shaping; good for metalworking passages.

flow — Highlights continuous or uncontrolled outpouring.

solidify — Captures the 'firm/hard' sense; use for hardening passages.

set firm — For contexts stressing rigidity or being fixed in place.

BDB3671 H3332

יָצַק verb pour, cast, flow (Talmud id.) —

Qal Perfect יְצַק Lev 8:15+ 2 t.; וְיָצַק consecutive Lev 2:1; Lev 14:15 suffix יְצָקָם 1Kgs 7:46; 2Chr 4:17, etc.; Imperfect יִצֹּק Lev 14:26; Num 5:15 וַיִּצֹּק Gen 28:18 + 8 t.; וַּ֫יִּצֶק 1Kgs 22:35 (intransitive sense); 3 feminine singular וַתִּצֹּק 2Sam 13:9 אֶצֹק Isa 44:3אֶצָּקֿ vIsa 44:3 וַיִּצְקוּ 2Kgs 4:40 Imperative יְצֹק Ezek 24:3 צַק 2Kgs 4:41 יִצְקוּ 1Kgs 18:34 Infinitive צֶ֫קֶת Exod 38:27; Job 38:38 Participle Pass. יָצוּק Job 28:2 + 5 t.; plural יְצוּקִים 2Chr 4:3 יְצֻקִים 1Kgs 7:24 יְצֻקוֺת v1Kgs 7:30 —

1. pour, pour out, oil, in anointing, followed by accusative (שׁמן) + על Gen 28:18 (E), Gen 35:14 (J); followed by מִשֶּׁמֶן + לְ Lev 8:12 (P); followed by על (שׁמן implied from context) Exod 29:7 (P), 1Sam 10:1; 2Kgs 9:3 followed by שֶׁמֶן + אֶלֿ v2Kgs 9:6 figurative, with רוּחִי + על Isa 44:3 oil in sacrifice, + על Lev 2:1; Lev 2:6; Num 5:15 in cleansing, + על Lev 14:15; Lev 14:26 (upon his plam; all P); oil into (על) vessels 2Kgs 4:4 water, for washing, + על 2Kgs 3:11 for drenching, + על 1Kgs 18:34 for boiling (into (בְּ) the caldron), symbolic, Ezek 24:3; Ezek 24:3 for satisfying thirst (figurative) + על Isa 44:3 blood (of sacrifice) + אֶליְֿסוֺד Lev 8:15; Lev 9:9 (P); pottage, for eating, 2Kgs 4:40; 2Kgs 4:41 cakes (לְבִבוֺת) 2Sam 13:9 figurative of disease יָצוּק בּוֺ Ps 41:9 infused into him (al. less probably as 3 molten, i.e. fixed upon).

2. cast (objects of metal) Exod 25:12; Exod 26:37; Exod 36:36; Exod 37:3; Exod 37:13; Exod 38:5; Exod 38:27 (all P), 1Kgs 7:46 = 2Chr 4:17; 1Kgs 7:24; 1Kgs 7:30; 2Chr 4:3.

3. Passive participle as adjective figurative cast, hard, of crocodile's scales Job 41:15 of crocodile's heart v.Job 41:16 v.Job 41:16 (as stone).

4. intransitive flow, pour, only וַיִּ֫צֶק 1Kgs 22:35 (of blood), Job 38:38 בְּצֶקֶת עָפָר לַמּוּצָק Hiph`il Imperfect וַיַּצִּ֫קוּ 2Sam 15:24 וַיַּצִּקֻם Josh 7:23 Participle f. מֹי֯צָ֑קֶת 2Kgs 4:5 — pour (oil) 2Kgs 4:5, figurative of shekels of silver, etc., pour out Josh 7:23 of the ark, 2Sam 15:24 set down (?); but read וַיַצִּיגוּ (Dr Gr). Hoph`al Perfect הוּצַק Ps 45:3Imperfect יוּצַק Lev 21:10; Job 22:16 Participle מוּצָ֑ק 1Kgs 7:23; 1Kgs 7:33; 2Chr 4:2; Job 37:18 מֻצָק Job 11:15 construct מֻצַּק 1Kgs 7:16 —

1. be poured, subject שֶׁמֶן followed by לְ (in anointing), Lev 21:10 (H); figurative of foundation of wicked Job 22:16, see Di; of grace חֵן on lips, Ps 45:3 (followed by ב), see Che.

2. Participle = cast, molten ׳הים המ 1Kgs 7:23 = 2Chr 4:2 as predicate 1Kgs 7:33 construct as substantive מֻצַּק נְחשֶׁת 1Kgs 7:16.

3. Participle, figurative firmly established, predicate of person, ׳וְהָיִיתָ מ Job 11:15 and thou shalt be established (|| לֹא תִירָא).

cast, pour, poured, out, molten, …

yāṣaq

properly, to pour out (transitive or intransitive); by implication, to melt or cast as metal; by extension, to place firmly, to stiffen or grow hard

to pour, flow, cast, pour out

(Qal)

to pour, pour out

to be poured

בִּ יצֻֽקָתֽ וֹ

בִּ

Prefix — preposition in, at, by, with

יצֻֽקָתֽ

Root word cast

וֹ

Suffix — pronoun his / him / it

Dictionary form: יְצֻקָה · yeh-tsoo-KAW

Noun — Common, feminine singular, construct state "___ of …" — bound to the next word

In the KJV here: were cast

were cast ×1

More options

cast — Standard metallurgical term; clear and widely understood.

molded — Emphasizes shaping in a mold; good for non-specialist readers.

poured — Highlights the liquid-metal process; vivid and accessible.

forged — Stresses craftsmanship; use when strength/solidity is in focus.

BDB3672 H3333

[יְצֻקָה] noun feminine a casting (of metal); — יְצֻקִוים בִּיצֻקָתוֺ 1Kgs 7:24 cast at its casting (מֻצַקְתּוֺ in || 2Chr 4:3).

cast

yĕṣuqâ

poured out, i.e., run into a mould

a casting (of metal)

Word Breakdown

Vowels & Accents

Grammar C/Ncmpa

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Brown-Driver-Briggs (BDB)

Strong's Definition H6497

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Grammar R/R

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Brown-Driver-Briggs (BDB)

Strong's Definition H8478

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Grammar R/Ncfsc/Sp3ms

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Brown-Driver-Briggs (BDB)

Strong's Definition H8193

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Grammar Ncbsa

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Brown-Driver-Briggs (BDB)

Strong's Definition H5439

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Grammar Vqrmpa

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Brown-Driver-Briggs (BDB)

Strong's Definition H5437

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Grammar To/Sp3ms

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Brown-Driver-Briggs (BDB)

Strong's Definition H853

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Grammar Acfsa

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Brown-Driver-Briggs (BDB)

Strong's Definition H6235

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Grammar Rd/Ncfsa

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Brown-Driver-Briggs (BDB)

Strong's Definition H520

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Grammar Vhrmpa

Verb Chart

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Brown-Driver-Briggs (BDB)

Strong's Definition H5362

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Vowels & Accents

Grammar To

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Brown-Driver-Briggs (BDB)

Strong's Definition H853

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Grammar Td/Ncmsa

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Brown-Driver-Briggs (BDB)

Strong's Definition H3220

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Grammar Ncbsa

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Brown-Driver-Briggs (BDB)

Strong's Definition H5439

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Vowels & Accents

Grammar Acmdc

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Brown-Driver-Briggs (BDB)