1 Samuel 14:24

וְאִֽישׁ יִשְׂרָאֵ֥ל נִגַּ֖שׂ בַּיּ֣וֹם הַה֑וּא וַיֹּאֶל֩ שָׁא֨וּל אֶת הָעָ֜ם לֵאמֹ֗ר אָר֣וּר הָ֠אִישׁ אֲשֶׁר יֹ֨אכַל לֶ֜חֶם עַד הָעֶ֗רֶב וְנִקַּמְתִּי֙ מֵאֹ֣יְבַ֔י וְלֹֽא טָעַ֥ם כָּל הָעָ֖ם לָֽחֶם
And the men of Israel were distressed that day: for Saul had adjured the people, saying, Cursed be the man that eateth any food until evening, that I may be avenged on mine enemies. So none of the people tasted any food.
Select a Hebrew word above to see its details.

וְ אִֽישׁ
וְ
Prefix — connector and (sometimes: but, so, then)
אִֽישׁ
Root word man, men, one, husband, mans, …
Dictionary form: אִישׁ · eesh

Noun — Common, masculine singular, construct state "___ of …" — bound to the next word

In the KJV here: and the men
man ×241 men ×209 a man ×163 every man ×120 the men ×118 the man ×107 every one ×81 one ×57
More options
man — Default singular; covers most direct references to an adult male.
person — Gender-neutral; prefer when context stresses individuality over sex.
husband — Use specifically in marriage or household relationship contexts.
someone — Indefinite pronoun; suits partitive or existential constructions.
everyone — Distributive sense; fits 'each/every man' idioms.
fellow — Informal register; good for relational or contemptuous contexts.

BDB389 H376 H381 H382

BDB388 | BIBLICAL HEBREW | BDB390

אִישׁ2166 noun masculine man ( = vir) (MI, SI, Phoenician אש, perhaps also Sabean אסם compare Prätl.c, but DHMZMG 1883, 330) — ׳א absolute Gen 2:23 +; construct Gen 25:27 +; suffix אִישִׁי Gen 29:32 +, etc.; plural אִישִׁים Ps 141:4 + 2 t. (Phoenician אשם); usually אֲנָשִׁים Gen 12:20 +, from √ אנשׁ q. v.; construct אַנְשֵׁי Judg 6:27 +; suffix אֲנָשַׁי 1Sam 23:12 etc.; — man, opposed to woman Gen 2:23; Gen 2:24; Lev 20:27; Num 5:6; Deut 17:2f; Josh 6:21; Josh 8:25; Jer 40:7, emphasis on sexual distinction & relation Gen 19:8; Gen 24:16; Gen 38:25; Exod 22:15; Lev 15:16 (שִׁכְבַת זָרַ֑ע) vLev 15:18 (וְאִשָּׁה ׳זֿ׳אֲשֶׁר יִשְׁכַּב אִישׁ אֹתָהּ שׁ) Lev 20:10 f; Num 5:13f; Deut 22:22f; Isa 4:1 +; thence = husband, especially with suffix Gen 3:6; Gen 3:16; Gen 16:3; Gen 29:32; Gen 29:34; Lev 21:7; Num 30:7f; Deut 28:56; Judg 13:8f; Ruth 1:3f; 1Sam 25:19; Jer 29:6; Ezek 16:45 +; figurative of ׳י as husband of Israel אִישִׁי Hos 2:18 (opposed to בַּעְלִּי); man as procreator, father Eccl 6:3 of male child Gen 4:1 compare זֶרַע אֲנָשִׁים 1Sam 1:11 man, opposed to beast Exod 11:7; Lev 20:15 (compare אָדָם); compare figurative Ps 22:7 but also of male of animals Gen 7:2 (twice in verse) (אִישׁ וְאִשְׁתּוֺ); man, opposed to God Gen 32:29; Num 23:19 לֹא אִישׁ אֵל וִיכַזֵּב (|| וּבֶןאָֿדָם וְיִתְנֶחָ֑ם); Job 9:32; Job 32:13; Hos 11:9 compare Isa 31:8; Job 12:10 (רוּחַ כָּלבְּֿשַׂר אִישׁ); hence in phrases to denote ordinary, customary, common שֵׁבֶט אֲנָשִׁים 2Sam 7:14 (|| נִגְעֵי בְּנֵי אָדָם); לֶחֶם אֲנָשִׁים Ezek 24:17; Ezek 24:22 [

**אֲנָשִׁים Ezek 24:17; Ezek 24:22 is textual error; We (apparently Sm) אֲנֻשִׁים; ToyHpt אוֺנִים (Hos 9:4).] (compare Isa 8:1); אַמַּתאִֿישׁ Deut 3:11 but also contracted אָדָם Ps 49:3; Ps 62:10 man, as valiant 1Sam 4:9 (twice in verse) (וִהְיוּ לַאֲנָשִׁים) so 1Kgs 2:2 compare 1Sam 26:15 so אִישׁ חַיִל 1Sam 31:12; 2Sam 24:9; 1Kgs 1:42 +; also אִישׁ מִלְחָמָה Num 31:49; Deut 2:14; Deut 2:16; Josh 5:4; Josh 5:6 +; even of ׳י Exod 15:3 יהוה אִישׁ מִלְחָמָה; often prefixed to other nouns in apposition אָדוֺן ׳א Gen 42:30; Gen 42:33, שַׂר וְשֹׁפֵט ׳א Exod 2:14, כֹּהֵן ׳א Lev 21:9, סָרִיס ׳א Jer 38:7 particular before adjective, of a people אִישׁ מִצְרִי Gen 39:1; Exod 2:11; Exod 2:19 compare Gen 37:28; Gen 38:1; Gen 38:2; Gen 39:14; 1Sam 17:12; 1Sam 30:11; 1Sam 30:13 +; a man as resident in, or belonging to a place or people Num 25:6; Judg 10:1 + (so Phoenician); usually plural אַנְשֵׁי יִשְׂרָאֵל 1Sam 7:11; 1Sam 31:7 (twice in verse) compare Josh 7:4; Josh 7:5 +; also singularcollective Deut 27:14; Josh 9:6; Josh 9:7; Judg 20:11; 1Sam 11:8 (see Dr) +; 2Sam 10:6; 2Sam 10:8 (טוֺב ׳א); (so MI10; MI13); men = retainers, followers, soldiers 1Sam 18:27; 1Sam 23:3 f 1Sam 24:3; 1Sam 25:13 + compare Deut 33:8 singular collective see Di; אִישׁ אֱלֹהִים man of God = prophet Deut 33:1; Josh 14:6; 1Sam 9:6f; 1Kgs 12:13f + (see אלהים); in phrase followed by abstract אִישׁ חַיִל, מִלְחָמָה ׳א see above; שֵׂיבָה ׳א Deut 32:25, הַדָּמִים ׳א 2Sam 16:7 compare see 8, הַבְּלִיַּעַל ׳א 2Sam 16:7, מָוֶת ׳א 1Kgs 2:26, חָמָס ׳א Ps 140:12; Prov 3:31 +; followed by word of occupation, etc. שָׂדֶה׳א Gen 25:27, הָאֲדָמָה׳א Gen 9:20 (compare Zech 13:5), ׳א הַבֵּנַיִם champion 1Sam 17:4 (compare Dr) v1Sam 17:23, בְּשׂרָה ׳א 2Sam 18:20, אִישׁ עֲצָתוֺ his counsellor Isa 40:13, compare אִישׁ חֶרְמִי 1Kgs 20:42, רֵעִים ׳א Prov 18:24 often distributive = each, every Gen 9:5; Gen 10:5; Gen 40:5 (twice in verse); Exod 12:3 +; including women Job 42:11; 1Chr 16:3 וַיְחַלֵּק לְכָלאִֿישׁ יִשְׂרָאֵל מֵאִישׁ וְעַד אִשָּׁה לְאִישׁ כִּכַּרלֶֿחֶם; of inanimate things 1Kgs 7:30; 1Kgs 7:36 also אִישׁ אִישׁ Exod 36:4; Num 4:19; Num 4:49; Ezek 14:4; Ezek 14:7 +; any one Exod 34:3 (twice in verse); Exod 34:24 +; also אִישׁ אִישׁ Lev 15:2; Lev 22:4; Lev 22:18 +; of gods 2Kgs 18:33 = Isa 36:18 one...another וְהִרְגוּ אִישֿׁ אֶתאָֿחִיו וְאִישׁ אֶתרֵֿעֵהוּ וְאִישׁ אֶתקְֿרֹבוֺExod 32:27, אִישׁ ֗֗֗ אָחִיו Deut 1:16; Mic 7:2 (see אָח), אִישׁרֵ֗֗֗עֵהוּ Gen 11:3; Gen 11:7 + (see רֵעַ) of inanimate things Gen 15:10.

man, men, one, husband, mans, …
ʾîš
a man as an individual or a male person; often used as an adjunct to a more definite term (and in such cases frequently not expressed in translation)
  • man
    • man, male (in contrast to woman, female)
      • "husband"human being, person (in contrast to God)"servant"mankind"champion"great man
    whosoever"each (adjective)

יִשְׂרָאֵ֥ל
יִשְׂרָאֵ֥ל
Root word a name — transliterate it ("Of israel")
Dictionary form: יִשְׂרָאֵל · yis-raw-ALE

Noun — Proper Name

In the KJV here: of israel
of israel ×1594 israel ×543 in israel ×84 and israel ×55 o israel ×28 against israel ×19 for israel ×15 from israel ×13
More options
Israel — Standard modern rendering for the nation or people.
the Israelites — Use when referring to the people collectively as a group.
the people of Israel — Emphasizes communal identity; good for narrative contexts.
the nation of Israel — Highlights political or national dimension.
the land of Israel — Use only when geographic territory is clearly in view.
Jacob — Poetic/prophetic synonym; use where parallelism demands it.

BDB3770 H3478

BDB3769 | BIBLICAL HEBREW | BDB3771

יִשְׂרָאֵל proper name and derivatives, see below I. שׂרה.

BDB8317 H3478

BDB8316 | BIBLICAL HEBREW | BDB8318

יִשְׂרָאֵל2507 proper name, masculine and of a people Israel (El persisteth, persevereth (or jussive Let El persist) [usually contendeth (NesEg.60 ff.) or Let El contend (GrayProp. N. 218), but see DrHast. DB JACOB 530]; on vocalization see LagBN 131 f. Kit1Chr 4:16 (Hpt); MI5, + 5 t. ישראל; in Egyptian Y-si-r-'l SteindZAW xvi (1896), 331, compare BreastedBib. World ix (1897), 62 ff. PatonSyr. and Pal. 134; Assyrian Sir-'-lai (= יִשְׂרְאֵלִי) SchrKG 356 ff., 364; COT Gen 36:31; 1Kgs 16:29. — On a possibly relation of ׳יִשׂ to proper name שָׂרַי, שָׂרָה see RSK 257, 2nd ed. 34; — compare שְׂרָיָה(וּׅ; — Ισραηλ:

1. proper name, masculine second name of Jacob Gen 32:29 + 28 t. Genesis (JE), Exod 32:13 (JE), Hos 12:13; Judg 18:29; Exod 6:14; Num 1:20; Num 26:5 (all P), 2Kgs 17:34; 1Chr 1:34 + 8 t. Chronicles, Ps 105:23 ׳בֵּית יִשׂ Ruth 4:11 ׳בְּנֵי יִשׂ (literal) Gen 42:5 + 3 t. E, 2 t. P + Exod 1:7 (P; transition to wider use), 1Kgs 18:31; 1Chr 2:1 +; = 12 tribes Exod 28:9 + 7 t. P; ׳אֱלֹהֵי אַבְרָהָם יִצְחָק וְיִשׂ 1Kgs 18:36; 1Chr 29:18; 2Chr 30:6.
2. proper name, of a people (usually masculineJudg 11:17f. but feminine 1Sam 17:21; 2Sam 24:9 [not || 1Chr 21:5], compare Dron the passage AlbrZAW xvi (1896), 57 f.): name of Hebrew nation; usually derived from 1, but ׳יִשׂ more common in early usage than ׳בְּנֵי יִשׂ (see בֵּן p. 120:b):
  a. (1) undivided kingdom; ׳יִשׂ Gen 47:27 (J), Gen 49:7 (poem in J) + 108 t. J E, Deut 1:1; Deut 18:6; Deut 33:10 (poem) + 76 t. D, Gen 34:7; Exod 12:15 + 42 t. P; Judg 5:2; Judg 5:7 (twice in verse) + 104 t. Judges; often 1 and 2 Samuel; 1 Ki 1-12; ׳כָּליִֿשׂ of whole people 2Sam 8:15 +, of whole army 2Sam 11:1 +, opposed to Judah 2Sam 2:9 + (so also later). (2) ׳יִשׂ = Northern tribes, distinguished from Judah, even before disruption, 2Sam 2:9, compare v2Sam 2:10; 2Sam 3:10; 2Sam 4:1; 2Sam 5:5; 2Sam 12:7; 2Sam 20:1; 1Kgs 1:35; 1Kgs 4:20; 1Kgs 5:5 +; so at disruption 1Kgs 12:16 (3 t. in verse); 1Kgs 12:18; 1Kgs 12:19 then usually of Northern kingdom, till its fall, v1Kgs 12:28; 1Kgs 24:7; 1Kgs 24:10 + very often Kings, Amos 1:1; Amos 2:6; Amos 3:14 +, Hos 1:5; Hos 4:15 (twice in verse); Hos 5:3 (twice in verse); Hos 5:5 +, Mic 1:13, etc. (3) ׳יִשׂ of Southern kingdom, Judah, rarely before fall of Samaria Isa 1:3; Isa 8:18; Mic 1:14; Mic 1:15, so ׳בְּנֵי יִשׂ 1Kgs 12:17 after fall of Samaria, ׳יִשׂ (less often ׳בְּנֵי יִשׂ) occurs of entire people, in reference to past or future 2Kgs 21:8; 2Kgs 23:22; Isa 17:9; Ps 103:7; Jer 2:3; Jer 50:17; Jer 50:19 +; ׳יִשׂ also = Judah Jer 2:14; Jer 2:31; Jer 4:1 +, Ezek 13:2; Ezek 13:4; Ezek 13:16; Ezek 14:1; Ezek 14:7; Ezek 14:9 +, Isa 40:27; Isa 41:8; Isa 42:24 +, Ezra 2:59 = Neh 7:61; Ezra 2:70; Ezra 3:11 +, Neh 10:34; Neh 10:3 +, Ps 14:7 (twice in verse) = Ps 53:7 (twice in verse), Ps 147:2; Ps 149:2 +, etc. (4) usage in Chronicles: ׳יִשׂ of whole people 1Chr 2:7 + 110 t., of Northern kingdom 2Chr 11:1 + 16 t., of Judah 2Chr 12:6; 2Chr 19:8 + 9 t. (5) ׳יִשׂ personified as ׳עֶבֶד י, Isa 44:1; Isa 44:21; Isa 49:3.
  b. ׳בְּנֵי יִשׂ, (1) of undivided people Exod 1:12 (J), Exod 3:9 (E) + 72 t. J E, Deut 3:18; Deut 10:6 + 25 t. D, Gen 32:33 + 327 t. P; Judg 1:1 + 60 t. Judges; seldom 1 and 2 Samuel, 1 Ki 1-12; in 1Kings 13—2Kings 25 passive in reference to older history (rarely otherwise). (2) seldom of Northern kingdom Amos 2:11 + 9 t. Amos, Hosea; 2Chr 13:12 + 7 t. Chronicles. (3) of Judah (late) Ezek 2:3; Neh 1:6 (twice in verse); Ezra 3:1; Joel 4:16 +, 2Chr 31:5.
  c. בֵּית ׳יִשׂ Exod 16:31; Exod 40:38 + 142 t. (see בַּיִת 5 d (δ); 81 t. Ezekiel, where = Judah; see especially Exod 37:16); ׳שְׁנֵי בָֽתֵּי יִשׂ Isa 8:14.
  d. other phrases, see sub אִישׁ, אֶרֶץ, בַּת, בְּתוּלָה, גְּבוּל, הַר, כִּסֵּא, מֶלֶךְ, (נטה) מַטֶּה, (יעד) עֵדָה, עַם, שֵׁבֶט; also (in epithet of ׳י) below אָבִיר, אוֺר, אֱלֹחִים, I. גָּוֺאל, מֶלֶךְ, מִקְוֶה (I. קוה), I. צוּר (V. צור), קָדוֺשׁ, I. רָעָה 1 d (3).
  e. ׳יִשׂ = the laity, opposed to priests, etc. (late): Ezra 10:25; Neh 11:3; 1Chr 9:2 ׳כָּליִֿשׂ Ezra 2:70; Ezra 10:5 ׳הָעָם יִשׂ Ezra 9:1 ׳בְּנֵי יִשׂ Neh 10:40, compare ׳שְׁאָר יִשׂ Neh 11:20.

BDB9596 H3478 H3479

BDB9595 | BIBLICAL ARAMAIC | BDB9597

יִשְׂרָאֵל proper name, of a people Israel (Biblical Hebrew id., √ I. שָׂרָה); — ׳אֱלַהּ יִשׁ Ezra 5:1; Ezra 6:14; Ezra 7:15 ׳מֶלֶךְ לְיִשׂ Ezra 5:11 ׳בְּנֵי יִשׂ Ezra 6:16, ׳עַמָּא יִשׂ Ezra 7:13.

israel, israelites, israels
yiśrāʾēl
God prevails
he will rule as God; Jisraël, a symbolical name of Jacob; also (typically) of his posterity
  • the second name for Jacob given to him by God after his wrestling with the angel at Peniel
    • "the name of the descendants and the nation of the descendants of Jacob
    • the name of the nation until the death of Solomon and the split
      • "the name used and given to the northern kingdom consisting of the 10 tribes under Jeroboam; the southern kingdom was known as Judah"the name of the nation after the return from exile

נִגַּ֖שׂ
נִגַּ֖שׂ
Root word taskmasters, oppressor, exact, oppressed, distressed, …
Dictionary form: נָגַשׂ · naw-ɡAHS

Verb — Niphal, Perfect (Qatal), third person masculine singular passive or reflexive — "it was done" / "he did it to himself" completed action — try "he ___ed" or "he has ___ed" the built-in subject is "he (or it)"

In the KJV here: were distressed
and the taskmasters ×2 oppressor ×2 were distressed ×2 and exact ×1 and thine exactors ×1 are their oppressors ×1 exact ×1 hath the oppressor ×1
More options
oppress — Best for contexts of systemic cruelty or domination.
exact — Use when demanding tribute, taxes, or forced labor.
drive — Fits overseer/taskmaster contexts; physical coercion implied.
exploit — Modern register; highlights abuse of power over people.
press — Neutral; suits contexts of pressure without full brutality.
coerce — Emphasizes compulsion; good for legal or formal contexts.

BDB4982 H5065

BDB4981 | BIBLICAL HEBREW | BDB4983

[נָגַשׂ verb press, drive, oppress, exact (Assyrian naga&198;šu, throw down, overthrow, DlHWB 448; Arabic rouse and drive game, drive vehemently; Ethiopic reign, wield power, king); —

Qal Perfect ׳נ 2Kgs 23:25 Imperfect יִגּשֹׁ Deut 15:2 2 masculine singular תִּגּשֹׁ Deut 15:3 2 masculine plural תִּנְגּ֑שֹׁוּ Isa 58:3 — Participle נֹגֵשׂ Isa 9:3 +, etc.; —
1. press, drive to work (object עַצְּבֵיכֶם your workmen), Isa 58:3 (GesComm., De Di Du; exact [changing ׳ע, q. v.] Che, etc.); see
3. 2. exact with accusative כֶּסֶף, 2Kgs 23:35 followed by accusative of person only Deut 15:2; Deut 15:13.
3. Participle (= substantive) driver, task-master Exod 3:7; Exod 5:6; Exod 5:10; Exod 5:13; Exod 5:14; Job 3:18 (ass-) driver Job 39:7 of (arbitrary) ruler Isa 3:12, ruler (good sense) Zech 10:4 = foreign oppressor, tyrant Isa 9:3 (with בְּ) Isa 14:2; Isa 14:4; Zech 9:8 exactor of tribute, Dan 11:20 plural abstract lordship = lord, ruler, figurative of צְדָקָה (personified) Isa 60:17 (|| פְּקֻדָּתֵךְ שָׁלוֺם). Niph`al Perfect נִגַּשׂ 1Sam 13:6 + 2 t. + Isa 3:5 (וְ consecutive); — hard pressed by enemy 1Sam 13:6, and so 1Sam 14:24 (but omitted by emendation, after ᵐ5, Th We Dr Kit Bu HPS); treated harshly, of suffering servant of ׳י Isa 53:7 reciprocal tyrannize over (׳ב) each other Isa 35.

taskmasters, oppressor, exact, oppressed, distressed, …
nāgaś
to drive (an animal, a workman, a debtor, an army); by implication, to tax, harass, tyrannize
  • to press, drive, oppress, exact, exert demanding pressure
    • (Qal)
      • to press, drive
        • "to exact"driver, taskmaster, ruler, oppressor, tyrant, lord, exactor of tribute (participle)
      (Niphal) to be hard pressed

בַּ יּ֣וֹם
בַּ
Prefix — preposition in, at, by, with + "the" (the article is absorbed into the prefix)
יּ֣וֹם
Root word day, days, time, daily, ever, …
Dictionary form: יוֹם · yome

בַּ
Hidden "the" בַּ = the preposition + the article הַ squeezed together: the "a" vowel under the prefix is the swallowed "the". Translate "in the ___".

Noun — Common, masculine singular, absolute state

In the KJV here: day
day ×665 days ×303 the days ×109 in the day ×104 the day ×93 this day ×84 to day ×39 in the days ×38
More options
day — Default rendering; fits most singular, literal contexts.
days — Use for plural forms or extended periods.
time — Prefer when yom signals an era or occasion, not a calendar day.
today — Modernizes KJV 'to day / this day' in direct speech.
season — Use when the context implies a set or appointed period.
lifetime — Suits biographical or lifespan contexts; replaces 'all the days of his life'.

BDB3494 H3117

BDB3493 | BIBLICAL HEBREW | BDB3495

יוֺם2285 noun masculineGen 1:5 day (Late Hebrew id.; Aramaic יומָא, ; Phoenician ים; MI5 ימן, suffix ימי Gen 1:6; Gen 1:9; Gen 1:33, plural construct ימי Gen 1:8, suffix 3 masculine singular ימה; SI3 ים; Zinjirli יום DHMSendsch Gloss; Plam. יום VogNo. 123a, Oxon. iii.; Arabic ; Ethiopic Sabean יום, ים MordtZMG 1876, 29, יומה DHMZMG 1883, 328 SabDenkm61; Assyrian ummu, ûmu COTGloss; derivation unknown; on √ and relation of יום to Phoenician ימם, Aramaic ימם, , see NöZMG 1886, 721 BaZMG 1887, 632 f.) — יוֺם absolute Gen 1:5 +; construct Gen 2:4 +; suffix יוֺמְךָ Jer 50:31 יוֺמוֺ Exod 5:13 + 22 t.; יוֺמָם Jer 50:27; Ezek 21:34 dual יוֺמַ֫יִם Exod 21:21 יוֺמָ֑יִם Exod 16:29; Num 11:19 יֹמַ֫יִם Num 9:22 יֹמָ֑יִם Hos 6:2 ; plural יָמִים Gen 4:3 +; יָמִם; Num 6:5 יָמִין (Aramaic form; Ges«GKC:87»§ 87, 1 a) Dan 12:13 מִיָּמִים יָמִ֫ימָה Exod 13:10 + 4 t.; construct יְמֵי Gen 3:14 +; יְמוֺת Deut 32:7; Ps 90:15 ; suffix יָמַי Job 7:6 + 9 t.; יָמָ֑י Gen 29:21+ 8 t.; יָמֵינוּ Jer 35:8 + 7 t., etc.; —

1. day, opposed to night, Gen 7:14; Gen 7:12; Gen 8:22 (all J), Gen 31:39; Gen 31:40 (E), Exod 24:18; Exod 34:28; Num 11:32 (twice in verse); Josh 10:13 (all J E), Deut 9:9; Deut 9:11; Deut 9:18; Deut 9:25; Deut 10:10 (D), Gen 1:5; Gen 1:14; Gen 1:16; Gen 1:18 (P), 1Sam 30:12; Judg 19:8; Judg 19:9 (twice in verse); Judg 19:11; Amos 5:8; 1Kgs 8:29; 1Kgs 19:8; Neh 4:16; Eccl 8:16 || לִפְנֵי בוֺאהַֿשֶּׁמֶשׁ 2Sam 3:35 ׳חֹם הַיּ Gen 18:1(J) the heat of the day 1Sam 11:11; 2Sam 4:5 עוֺד גָּדוֺל ׳הַיּ Gen 29:7 (J) the day is still high, not near its end; ׳רוּחַ הַיּ Gen 3:8 coll of the day; מִןהָֿאוֺר עַדֿ ׳מַחֲצִית הַיּ Neh 8:3 from dawn until mid-day; so also probably of mid-day הוֺלך ואור עַדנְֿכוֺן הַיּוֺם Prov 4:18 growing lighter and lighter until the full day; note phrase in Judg 19, ׳עַדנְֿטוֺת הַיּ Judg 19:8 until the declining of the day; לַעֲרוֺב ׳רָפָה הַיּ vJudg 19:9 the day hath sunk down to become evening; ׳חֲנוֺת הַיּ vJudg 19:9 the declining of the day; רַד מְאֹד ׳הַיּ vJudg 19:11 the day has gone down exceedingly (is far spent).

2. Day as division of time:
  a. working-day Exod 20:9; Exod 20:10 (E) = Deut 5:18; Exod 16:26; Exod 16:30 (twice in verse) (J), Exod 23:12 (JE), Exod 31:15 (P), Lev 23:3 (H); יְמֵי הַמַּעֲשֶׂה Ezek 46:1.
  b. דֶּרֶךְ יוֺם a day's journey Num 11:31 (twice in verse)( J E), 1Kgs 19:4 מַהֲלַךְ יוֺם אֶחָד Jonah 3:4 דֶּרֶךְ שְׁלשֶׁת יָמִים a three days' journey Gen 30:36; Exod 3:18; Exod 5:3; Exod 8:23 (all J), Num 10:33 (twice in verse) (JE), Num 33:8 (P); מַהֲלַךְ שְׁלשֶׁת יָמִים Jonah 3:3 so seven days' journey Gen 31:23 (E), 2Kgs 3:9 without דֶּרֶךְ etc., שְׁלשֶׁת יָמִים Exod 15:22 (E) they went three days, etc.
  c. to denote duration of various other acts or states: seven days Gen 7:4; Gen 7:10; Gen 8:10; Gen 8:12 forty days Gen 7:17; Gen 8:6 (all J); 150 days Gen 7:24; Gen 8:3 (both P), 1Sam 25:38; 1Kgs 8:65 (twice in verse); Jer 42:7; Ezek 4:5; Ezek 4:6; 1Chr 9:25; Ezra 6:22; Esth 1:4 etc. In Esth 4:16 1 & 2 are combined: וְאַלתִּֿשְׁתּוּ שְׁלשֶׁת יָמִים לַיְלָה וָיוֺם do not eat and do not drink for thee days, night or day (see Zech 14:7 below 3 below)
  d. day as defined by evening and morning Gen 1:5; Gen 1:8; Gen 1:13; Gen 1:19; Gen 1:23; Gen 1:31 (all P; compare further בֹּקֶר, עֶרֶב); see also Gen 2:2 (twice in verse); Gen 2:3 (P), Exod 20:11 (twice in verse)(E), Exod 32:17 (twice in verse) (P).
  e. day of month (with ordinal number), chiefly P and late: Gen 7:11; Gen 8:4; Gen 8:14; Exod 12:6; Exod 12:18 (twice in verse) +, 1Kgs 12:32; 1Kgs 12:33; 1Kgs 45:25; 1Kgs 1:15; 1Kgs 1:18; 2Chr 29:17 (twice in verse); Ezra 3:6; Neh 8:2; Neh 9:1; Dan 10:4; Esth 3:12; Esth 9:1 +; (יוֺם often omitted e.g. Gen 8:5; Gen 8:13; Exod 12:10; 2Kgs 25:1; 2Kgs 25:3; Ezek 1:1; Ezek 1:2; Hag 2:1; Hag 2:20; Zech 7:1; 2Chr 3:2; Ezra 6:19; Esth 3:13, etc.) feminine יוֺם defined by substantive, infinitive, or other clause: (1) construct יוֺם הַשֶּׁלֶג = the snowy day 2Sam 23:20 = 1Chr 11:22 יוֺם סַגְרִיר Prov 27:15 = rainy d.; יוֺם קָרָה Prov 25:20 = cold d.; (so, = time יוֺם צָרָתִי Gen 35:3 (E) d. of my distrees; Jer 18:17; Lam 1:7; Prov 24:10; Prov 25:19; Prov 27:10 יוֺם מוֺתוֺ etc. Judg 13:7; 2Sam 6:23; 2Kgs 15:5 + often; compare יוֺם הֻלֶּדֶת אֶתפַּֿרְעֹה Gen 40:20 (E) = Pharaoh's birthday; כְּיוֺם הִוָּ˜לְדָהּ Hos 2:5 compare Eccl 7:1 (see also 7 d below; compare יוֺמוֺ Job 3:1), יום חֲתֻנָּה Song 3:11 of day emphatically characterized by prophets and others יוֺם מְהוּמָה וּמְבוּסָה וּמְבוּכָה Isa 22:5 (see מְהוּמָה below הום); יוֺם צָרָה וְתוֺכֵחָה וּנְאָצָה Isa 37:3 = 2Kgs 19:3 on the other hand ׳יוֺם רָצוֺן לי Isa 58:5 a day of acceptableness to ׳י; plural followed by substantive יְמֵי שָׂכִיר Lev 25:50 (H) the days of an hireling; יְמֵי (מִלֻּאֵיכֶםׅ Lev 8:33; Num 6:13 followed by rel. clause אָרוּר הַיּוֺם אֲשֶׁר יֻלַּדְתִּי בּ֑וֺ יוֺם אֲשֶׁריְֿלָדַתְנִי ׳אִמִּי וגו Jer 20:14 compare Job 3:3 also Ps 118:24 (see i).
  g. particular days defined by proper name, of a location: יוֺם יִזְרְעֶאל Hos 2:2 i.e. of judgement, with implied restoration; see also Isa 9:3; Ezek 30:9 יְמֵי הַגִּבְעָה Hos 9:9; Hos 10:9, i.e. of the outrage at Gibeah (Judg 19:22ff.); יוֺם ירושׁלם Ps 137:7 i.e. of Jerusalem's calamity, compare Jer 50:27; Jer 50:31.
  h. with suffix, thy, his, or their day, in sense of (1) day of disaster or death: Psalms בָּא יוֺמְךָ Jer 50:31 thy day has come; אוֺ יומו יָבאֹ וָמֵת 1Sam 26:10 יומו in this sense also Ezek 21:30; Ps 37:13; Job 18:20 בָּא יוֺמָם Jer 50:27; Ezek 21:34.
  i. specifically a holy day: יוֺם הַשַּׁבָּת the sabbath day (see also שַׁבָּת), Exod 20:8; Exod 20:11(E) = Deut 5:12; Deut 5:15; Exod 31:15; Exod 35:3 +; = יוֺם קָדְשִׁי Isa 58:13 repetition בְּיוֺם הַשַּׁבָּת בְּיוֺם הַשַּׁבָּת Lev 24:8 every Sabbath day; also יוֺם הַכִּפֻּרים Lev 23:27; Lev 25:9 יוֺם כִּפֻּרִים Lev 23:28 יוֺם הַבִּכּוּרִים Num 28:26 יוֺם חַגֵּנוּ Ps 81:4 יוֺם מַלְכֵּנוּ Hos 7:5 also of false gods, יִמֵי הַבְּעָלִים Hos 2:11.

3. ׳יוֺם י day of Yahweh, chiefly as time of his coming in judgment, involving often blessedness for righteous (see RSProph. 396 f. DrIsa 28); Amos 5:18 (twice in verse); Amos 5:20; Isa 2:12; Isa 13:6; Isa 13:9; Zeph 1:7 (compare vZeph 1:8), vZeph 1:14 vZeph 1:14 (compare vZeph 1:15 vZeph 1:16), Jer 46:10; Ezek 13:5; Ezek 30:3 (compare Ezek 36:33; Ezek 39:8; Ezek 39:11; Ezek 39:13); Obad 15; Zech 14:1; Mal 3:23 (compare Zech 14:7; Mal 3:2; Mal 3:17; Mal 3:19 (twice in verse); Mal 3:21), Joel 1:15; Joel 2:1; Joel 2:11 (compare vJoel 2:2 vJoel 2:2), Joel 3:4; Joel 4:14 ׳יוֺם עֶבְרַת י Zeph 1:18 יוֺם עֶבְרָה Prov 11:4 יוֺם חֲרוֺן אַפּוֺ Isa 13:13; Lam 1:12 יוֺם נָקָם Isa 34:8; Isa 61:2; Isa 63:4 יוֺם נְקָמָה Jer 46:10 ׳יוֺם אַף י Zeph 2:2; Zeph 2:3; Lam 2:22 יוֺם אַפּוֺ Lam 2:1 compare also Zech 14:7 (where senses of 1 and 2 are combined, compare Esth 4:16 2 c above); וְהָיָה יוֺםֿ לֹא יוֺם וְלֹא לָ֑יְלָה ׳אֶחָד הוּא יִּוָּדַע לי but there shall be one day, known shall it be of ׳י not day and not night; compare also ביום ההוא 7 g below

4. Plural days of any one:
  a. = his life, his age Gen 6:3 (J), Deut 22:19; Deut 22:29; Deut 23:7; Josh 24:31 (twice in verse) (D), Judg 2:7 (twice in verse); Judg 2:18; 1Sam 25:28, etc.; Gen 5:4; Gen 5:8; Gen 5:11; Gen 9:29; Gen 11:32 (all P), Job 7:1 (twice in verse); Job 7:6; Job 7:16; Job 8:9, Ps 39:5 (twice in verse); Ps 90:9; Ps 90:10; Ps 90:12; Ps 90:14; Ps 103:15 כָּליְֿמֵי חַיֶּיךָ Gen 3:14; Gen 3:17 (J), Ps 23:6, so Prov 31:12 יְמֵי שְׁנֵי חַיִּים 2Sam 19:35; Gen 25:7; Gen 47:8; Gen 47:9 (all P); יְמֵי חַיָּיו Eccl 5:17; Eccl 5:19 יְמֵי שָׁנָיו Eccl 6:3 יְמֵי שְׁנוֺתֵינוּ Ps 90:10 מִסְפַּר יְמֵי חַיֵּיהֶם Eccl 2:3 מִסְפַּר יְמֵי חַיֵּי הֶבְלוֺ Eccl 6:12 the number of the days of the years of his vanity, i.e. his empty, fleeting years; כָּלהַּֿיָּמִים אֲשֶׁרהֵֿם חַיִּים עַלפְּֿנֵי הָאֲדָמָה 1Kgs 8:40 יָמִים רַבִּים long life 1Kgs 3:11= 2Chr 1:11 בָּא בַּיָּמִים advanced in days = of advanced age Gen 18:11; Gen 24:1 (both J), Josh 13:1 (twice in verse) (JE), Josh 23:1; Josh 23:2 (D), 1Kgs 1:1 מִיָּמָיו 1Kgs 1:6 from his (earliest) days, so מִיָּמֶיךָ 1Sam 25:28 (see Dr), Job 38:12 שְׂבַע יָמִים Job 42:17; 1Kgs 8:40 יַאֲרִכוּן יָמֶיךָ Exod 20:12 (JE) that thy days may be long = Deut 5:16, see further ארך; יָמִים עַליְֿמֵימֶֿלֶךְ תּוֺסִיף Ps 61:7 i.e. prolong the king's life; outlive is הֶאֱרִיךְ יָמִים אַחֲרֵי Josh 24:31(D), Judg 2:7 אֹרֶךְ יָמִים וּשְׁנוֺת חַיִּים Prov 3:2 length of days and years of life; אֹרֶךְ יָמִים vProv 3:16 כְּיָמֶיךָ דבאך Deut 33:25 according to (the length of) thy life shall be [ thy strength ? read רבאך ?] see Di VB; rarely singular e.g. קְשֵׁהֿ יוֺם Job 30:25 one hurd of day, i.e. whose day (= life) was hard; of life as approaching its end, וַיִּקְרְבוּ יְמֵי ישׂראל לָמוּת Gen 47:29 (J) and the days of Israel drew near for dying, so Deut 31:14; 1Kgs 2:1 (compare Job 7:6; Job 7:16; Job 8:9; Eccl 2:3 above)
  b. (in) the days of (i.e. life-time, reign, or activity of) Gen 10:25 (J), Gen 14:1; Judg 5:6 (twice in verse); Judg 8:28; 2Sam 21:1; 1Kgs 16:34; 1Kgs 21:29 (twice in verse); 1Kgs 22:47; 2Kgs 20:19; 2Chr 13:20; 2Chr 35:18 + often (so M 2Chr 1:6. 8.8.9.33).
  c. hence in phrase סֵפֶר דִּבְרֵי הַיָּמִים לְ 1Kgs 14:19; 1Kgs 14:29 + 31 t. Kings, Neh 12:23; Esth 2:23; Esth 10:2 מִסְפַּר דִּבְרֵי הַיָּמִים 1Chr 27:24 סֵפֶר הַזִּכְרֹנוֺת דִּבְרֵי הַיָּמִים Esth 6:1.

5. Days:
  a. indefinite: יָמִים אֲחָדִים some days, a few days Gen 27:44 (J), Gen 29:10 (E), Dan 11:20 יָמִים alone Dan 40:4 (E) they were days (a certain time) in the prison 1Kgs 17:15; Neh 1:4 עוּל יָמִים Isa 65:20 a suckling of (a few) days; מִיָּמִים Judg 11:4 after a time, Judg 15:1 so מִקֵּץ יָמִים Gen 4:3 (J) after the end of days, 1Kgs 17:7 יוֺם אוֺ יוֺמַיִם Exod 21:21(JE) a day or two. יָמִים אוֺ עָשׂוֺר Gen 24:55 (J) some days, or ten (days or a dekad; on question of text see Di).
  b. of long time, זֶה יָמִים אוֺ זֶה שָׁנִים 1Sam 29:3 these days or these years; אוֺ יֹמַיִם אוֺ חֹדֶשׁ אוֺ יָמִים Num 9:22 (P) whether two days or a month or days (an indefinitely long period); יָמִים רַבִּים many days Gen 21:34 (JE) Gen 37:34 (J) +; ׳וַיִּרְבּוּ הַיָּמִים וגו Gen 38:12 (J) and the days were multiplied (= time passed) and Judah's wife died, 1Sam 7:2 אָֽרְכוּ לוֺ שָׁם הַיָּמִים Gen 26:8 (J) the days were long to him there = he had been there a long time; בְּהַאֲרִיךְ הֶעָנָןיָ֗֗֗מִים רַבִּים Num 9:19 (P) when the cloud prolonged many days (remained a long time) upon the tabern — See also 6 below
  c. days of old, former or ancient times (especially of early period of Israel hist): יְמוֺת עוֺלָם Deut 32:7 (poem); יְמֵי עוֺלם Mic 5:1; Mic 7:14; יְמֵי קֶדֶם Mic 7:20 יָמִים מִקֶּדֶם Ps 77:6; Ps 143:5 compare הַיָּמִים הָרִאשֹׁנִים Eccl 7:10 coming days הַיָּמִים הַבָּאִים Eccl 2:16 coming time יוֺם אַהֲרוֺן Prov 31:25 especially (ב)אַחֲרִית הַיָּמִים see above; לְקֵץ הַיָּמִין Dan 12:13.

6. יוֺם = time;
  a. vividly in general sense (see also
5. above): time of harvest Prov 25:13 usually יְמֵי Gen 30:14 (J), Josh 3:15; Num 13:20 (twice in verse) (all J E), Judg 15:1; 2Sam 21:9 proper time for paying wages Deut 24:15 compare Job 14:6 time of parturition וַיִּמְלְאוּ יָמֶיהָ לָלֶדֶת Gen 25:24.
  b. apposition to other expressions of time (Dr§ 192 (1) DaSynt. § 29. d): חֹדֶשׁ יָמִים a month of time Gen 29:14 (J; literally a month, time), Num 11:20; Num 11:21 (JE); = יֶרַח יָמִים Deut 21:13; 2Kgs 15:13 יָמִים ארבעה חדשׁים Judg 19:2 time, four months (si vera lectio, see 1Sam 27:7); (מִקֵּץ) שְׁנָתַיִם יָמִים Gen 41:1 (E) two years (of) time, 2Sam 13:23; 2Sam 14:28; Jer 28:3; Jer 28:11 שְׁלשָׁה שָׁבֻעִים יָמִים Dan 10:2; Dan 10:3 three weeks (of) time.
  c. plural in specific sense, apparently = year, literal יָמִים 1Sam 27:7; Lev 25:29 (H); לַיָּמִים Judg 17:10 זֶבַךְ הַיָּמִים 1Sam 1:21; 1Sam 2:19; 1Sam 20:6 יָמִים וארבעה חדשׁים 1Sam 27:7 = a year and four months (compare Judg 19:2 above
  b.); מִיָּמִים יָמִ֫ימָה = from year to year, yearly Exod 13:10 (JE), Judg 11:40 (compare vb), Judg 21:19; 1Sam 1:3; 1Sam 2:19 מִקֵּץ יָמִים לַיָּמִים 2Sam 14:26 יֹמַיִם אוֺ חֹדֶשׁ אוֺיָֿמִים Num 9:22 (P); distributive Num 14:34 (twice in verse) (P), Ezek 4:6 (twice in verse); וַיְהִי לְיָמִים מִיָּמִים וּכְעֵת צֵּאת הַקֵּץ לְיָמִים שְׁנַיִם 2Chr 21:19 and it came to pass at days from days (=after some days) even about the time of the outgoing of the end of two (series of) days (i.e. probably years, see Be).
7. Phrases, without preposition and with, are:
  a. (1) הַיּוֺם = to-day Gen 4:14; Gen 31:43; Gen 31:48; Exod 13:4 (JE) + often; opposed to תְּמוֺל yesterday Exod 5:14; 1Sam 20:27 opposed to מָחָר Exod 19:10 (2) (בְּ)יוֺם מָחָר = to-morrow Gen 30:33; Isa 56:12; Prov 27:1 (3) יוֺם אֶתְמוֺל Ps 90:4 (4) הַיּוֺם שְׁלשֶׁת הַיָּמִים 1Sam 9:20 three days ago (see Dr); = הַיּוֺם שְׁלשָׁה 1Sam 30:13 (5) בַּיּוֺם Judg 13:10 apparently = the other day (see Be); (6) יוֺם אֶחָד no preposition, emphatic = in one day, Gen 27:45; Isa 9:13 with בְּ Isa 10:17; Isa 47:9 for, during, one day Gen 33:13; Num 11:19 unemphatic, one day (= some day) 1Sam 27:1 יוֺם אֶחָד לִפְנֵי 1Sam 9:15 one day, before Saul came.
  b. וַיְהִי הַיּוֺם וַֹֿ and the day came, that (or when) 1Sam 1:4 (see Dr), 2Kgs 4:8; 2Kgs 4:11; 2Kgs 4:18; Job 1:6; Job 1:13; Job 2:1.
  c. הִנֵּה יָמִים בָּאִים lo! days are coming, when, etc.; especially in Amos, Jeremiah: 1Sam 2:31; Amos 4:2; Amos 8:11; Amos 9:13; Isa 39:6 = 2Kgs 20:17; Jer 7:32 + 13 t. Jeremiah
  d. יוֺם in construct def. verbs, both literally, the day of, and (often) in general sense = the time of (forcible and pregnantly, representing the act vividly as that of a single day): (1) before infinitive, (α) singular without preposition אֶתיֿוֺם צֵאתְךָ Deut 16:3 and thou shalt remember the day of thy going out from the land Egypt, Isa 58:5; Ezek 39:13; Mal 3:2 compare Eccl 7:1 (מִן comparative); (β) עַדיֿוֺם Josh 6:10; Judg 18:30 + 5 t.; (γ) בְּיוֺם Gen 2:4; Gen 2:17; Gen 3:5 + 53 t.; (δ) כְּיוֺם Hos 2:5; Hos 2:17; Zeph 3:8; Zech 14:3 (ε) מִיּוֺם 1Sam 7:2; 1Sam 8:8; 1Sam 29:6; 2Sam 13:32; 2Kgs 8:6; Deut 9:24; Lev 23:15; Ezek 28:15 (ζ) לְמִיּוֺם Judg 19:30; 2Sam 7:6; Isa 7:17 (2) plural construct before infinitive: (α) כָּליְֿמֵי Judg 18:31; 1Sam 22:4; 1Sam 25:7; 1Sam 25:16; Lev 26:34; Lev 26:35; Num 6:6; 2Chr 36:21 (β) בִּימֵי Ruth 1:1; 2Chr 26:5 (γ) כִּימֵי Mic 7:15 (3) singular construct with preposition before finite verb in perfect: (α) compare בְּ, ׳בְּיוֺם דִּבֶּר י Exod 6:28 in the day (when) ׳י spoke, so Num 3:1; Deut 4:15 also Lev 7:35; 2Sam 22:1 = Ps 18:1; Ps 138:3; Zech 8:9 (β) מִיּוֺם Jer 36:2 (4) singular construct before imperfect: בְּיוֺם אֶקְרָא Ps 56:10 in the day (when) I cry, Ps 103:3; Lam 5:7 also without בְּ, יוֺם אִירָא Ps 56:4 (at the) time (when) I am afraid; (5) plural construct before perfect: כָּליְֿמֵי הִתְהַלַּכְנוּ אִתָּם 1Sam 25:15, so Lev 14:46 (probably, see Di); כִּימוֺת Ps 90:15 (6) plural construct before imperfect: כִּימֵי אֱלוֺתַּ יִשְׁמְרֵנִי Job 29:2 (7) מִיּוֺם construct before rel. clause: מִיּוֺם אֲשֶׁר הָיִיתִי לְפָנֶיךָ 1Sam 29:8 since the day when (= as long as) I have been before thee, Neh 5:14 (8) plural construct before rel. clause כָּליְֿמֵי אֲשֶׁר יִשְׁכֹּן Num 9:18 as long as the cloud remained, etc.
  e. (1) יוֺם יוֺם day by day Gen 39:10 (J), Exod 16:5 (P), Prov 8:30; Prov 8:34; Ps 61:9; Ps 68:20 (+ Jer 7:25; Ps 13:3 Lag, see יוֺמָם); so (late) לְיוֺם בְּיוֺם 2Chr 24:11 יוֺם בְּיוֺם 2Chr 30:21; Neh 8:18 לְעֶתיֿוֺם בְּיוֺם 1Chr 12:22 עֹלֹת יוֺם בְּיוֺם Ezra 3:4 בִּדְבַר יוֺם בְּיוֺם 2Chr 8:13 מִיּוֺם אֶליֿוֺם from day to day 1Chr 16:23 = מִיּוֺם לְיוֺם Ps 96:2 (Esth 3:7 see below); יוֺם וָיוֺם Esth 3:4 (very late, see וְ 1 i
   (b), p. 253 above and DrIntr. 505); בְּכָליֿוֺם וָיוֺם Esth 2:11 כְּיוֺם בְּיוֺם 1Sam 18:10 as daily = according to daily habit; (2) מִיּוֺם לְיוֺם Esth 3:7, is in phrase of casting lots for one day after another; (מִיָּמִים יָמִ֫ימָה see 6 c); (3) of daily duties, observances, etc.: דְּבַר יוֺם בְּיוֺמוֺ each day's affair in its day Exod 5:13; Exod 5:19; Exod 16:4 (all J), Lev 23:37 (H), 1Kgs 8:59; 2Kgs 25:30 = Jer 52:34; Ezra 3:4; Neh 11:23; Neh 12:47; Dan 1:5 לִדְבַר יוֺם בְּיוֺמוֺ 1Chr 16:37; 2Chr 8:14; 2Chr 31:16. feminine כָּלהַֿיָּמִים = always, continually, Gen 43:9; Gen 44:32 (both J), Deut 4:40; Deut 5:26; Deut 6:24; Deut 11:1; Deut 14:23; Deut 18:5; Deut 19:9; Deut 28:29; Deut 28:33; Josh 4:24 (D), Judg 16:16; 1Sam 2:32; 1Sam 2:35; 1Sam 18:29; 1Sam 23:14; 1Sam 28:2; 2Sam 13:37; 2Sam 19:14; Jer 31:36; Jer 32:39; Jer 33:18; Jer 35:19; 1Kgs 5:15; 1Kgs 9:3; 1Kgs 11:36; 1Kgs 11:39; 1Kgs 12:7; 1Kgs 14:30; 1Kgs 2:19; 1Kgs 13:3; 1Kgs 17:37; 1Kgs 2:16; 1Kgs 10:7; 1Kgs 12:15; 1Kgs 21:7; also (only in prophetic writers and in poetry) כָּלהַֿיּוֺם Gen 6:5 (J), Hos 12:2; Deut 28:32; Deut 33:12; Jer 20:7; Jer 20:8; Isa 28:24; Isa 51:13; Isa 52:5 (both תָּמִיד כלהֿיום), Isa 65:2; Isa 65:5; Lam 1:13; Lam 3:3; Lam 3:14; Lam 3:62; Ps 25:5; Ps 32:3; Ps 35:28; Ps 37:26; Ps 38:7; Ps 38:13; Ps 42:4; Ps 42:11; Ps 44:9; Ps 44:16; Ps 44:23; Ps 52:3; Ps 56:2; Ps 56:3; Ps 56:6; Ps 71:8; Ps 71:15; Ps 71:24; Ps 72:15; Ps 73:14; Ps 74:22; Ps 86:3; Ps 88:18; Ps 89:17; Ps 102:9; Ps 119:97; Prov 21:26; Prov 23:17.
  g. additional phrase with בְּ = on a particular day: בַּיּוֺם הַחֲמִישִׁי Judg 19:18, so Gen 2:2 (twice in verse) + often; בְּכָליֿוֺם every day Ps 7:12; Ps 88:10; Ps 145:2 בַּיּוֺם הַהוּא of definite time in past Gen 15:18; Gen 33:16 + (see also 3 above); compare הַיּוֺם הַזֶּה (no preposition) Exod 13:3 (JE); בַּיּוֺם הַהוּא of time defined in subsequent context, 1Sam 3:2 at that time when Eli was laid down, i.e. at the particular time of the following incident (= at a certain time, on one particular day; compare Gen 39:11 Sub h; see DaSynt. § 21. e. R. 1, 2 and especially Dr 1Sam 1:4; 1Sam 19:3); בַּיּוֺם הַזֶּה Gen 7:11 +; בְּעֶצֶם הַיּוֺם הַזֶּה on this selfsame day Gen 7:13 (see עֶצֶם); בַּיּוֺם הַהוּא also of future 1Sam 3:12; Deut 31:17 (twice in verse); Deut 31:18 and very often in prophets, as formula in describing what is to come at time of future blessing, retribution, etc., Amos 8:3; Amos 8:9; Hos 2:18; Hos 2:20; Hos 2:23 etc., especially Isa 2:11; Isa 2:17; Isa 2:20; Isa 3:7; Isa 3:18; Isa 4:1; Isa 4:2 + often; plural בַּיָּמִים הָהֵם of past Gen 6:4 (J), Judg 18:1 (twice in verse); Judg 19:1; Judg 21:25; 1Sam 3:1 + often; of future Deut 17:9; Deut 19:17; Deut 26:3.
  h. with כַּיּוֺם ׃כְּ as or like the day Ps 139:12 כַּיּוֺם הַהוּא Josh 10:14 כְּיוֺם Hos 2:5 as at the day of; כְּיוֺם תָּמִים Josh 10:13 about a whole day; כַּיּוֺם literally at (about) to-day = now (see כְּ) 1Sam 9:27; 1Kgs 22:5 = 2Chr 18:4; Isa 58:4 so כְּהַיּוֺם 1Sam 9:13 + v1Sam 9:12 We Dr (for ᵑ0 כי היום), Neh 5:11 כַּיּוֺם = at once, first of all Gen 25:31; Gen 25:33; 1Sam 2:16; 1Kgs 1:51 often with adjective pronoun to point out agreement of result with promise or prediction, כַּיּוֺם הַזֶּה as it is this day Gen 50:20 (E), 1Sam 22:8; 1Sam 22:13, and especially Deuteronomy, Jeremiah and subsequent writing: Deut 2:30; Deut 4:20; Deut 4:38; Deut 8:18; Deut 10:15; Deut 29:27; Jer 11:5; Jer 25:18 (gloss, omitted by ᵐ5, compare especially KueEinl. § 56. 1), Jer 32:20; Jer 44:6; Jer 44:23; 1Kgs 3:6; 1Kgs 8:24; 1Kgs 8:61; 1Chr 28:7; 2Chr 6:15; Dan 9:7; Dan 9:15 so כְּהַיּוֺם הַזֶּה Deut 6:24; Jer 44:22; Ezra 9:7; Ezra 9:15; Neh 9:10 in Gen 39:11 (J) this phrase = on this particular day (when the incident to be narrated occurred; compare ביום ההוא g above)
  i. with לְיוֺם ׃לְ on, at (literally with reference to) Hos 9:5 (twice in verse) what will ye do on the day of assembly, etc., Isa 10:3 לְיוֺם אֶחָד 1Kgs 5:2 bread for one day; הַמְּלָאכָה לֹא לְיוֺם אֶחָד וְלֹא לִשְׁנַיִם Ezra 10:13 distributive phrase נָשִׂיא אֶחָד לַיּוֺם נָשִׂיא אֶחָד לַיּוֺם Num 7:11 (P), Job 21:30 (twice in verse); compare לַיּוֺם Mal 1:17 לַיּום against, i.e. in expectation of Exod 19:11, so לְיוֺם קְרָב Job 38:23; Prov 21:31 לְיוֺם קוּמִי almost = until Zeph 3:8 לִפְנֵי יוֺם Isa 48:7 before to-day; late phrase are לְיָמִים מִיָּמִים 2Chr 21:19 = in the course of time; לְיָמִים רַבִּים Dan 8:26 at (the end of) many days; לַיּוֺם for every day, daily, Exod 29:36; Exod 29:38; Num 7:11 (twice in verse); Num 28:3; Num 28:34; 1Chr 26:17; Jer 37:21; Ezek 4:10; Ezek 43:25; Ezek 45:23 (twice in verse); Ezek 46:13 לַיּוֺם in exclamation ׳הָהּ לַיּ Ezek 20:2 alas for the day! ׳אֲהָהּ לַיּ Joel 1:15.
  j. with מִיּוֺם ׃מִן since the day (time) of (or when), Exod 10:6; Lev 23:15; Deut 9:24; 1Sam 7:2 etc.; מִיּוֺם הראשׁן Exod 12:15 from the first day (on omission of article see Dr§ 209 (1)); מִימֵי השׁפטים 2Kgs 23:22, etc.; מִיּוֺם = from to-day, from this day forth Isa 43:13; Ezek 48:35 מֵהַיּוֺם הַהוּא וָמָ֑עְלָה 1Sam 16:13; 1Sam 30:25 from that day forward; so וָהָ֑לְאָה ׳הַה ׳מֵהַיּ 1Sam 18:9 מִןהַֿיּוֺם הַזֶּה וָמָ֑עְלָה Hag 2:15; Hag 2:18 from this day onward (see Add. on p. 751:b); עַדהַֿיּוֺם הַזֶּה Gen 47:26 until now; מִיָּמִים רַבִּים after many days Josh 23:1; Ezek 38:8 מִיָּמִים after a time Judg 11:4; Judg 14:8; Judg 15:1 but usually ׳מִקֵּץ י, see קֵץ; מִיֹּמָ֑יִם Hos 6:2 after two days; — מִיָּמִים יָמִ֫ימָה see e (4) above
  k. with לְמִן (see לְ near the end): לְמִן הַיּוֺם אֲשֶׁר Deut 4:32; Deut 9:7; 2Sam 7:11; Jer 7:25; Jer 32:31; Hag 2:18 twice followed by infinitive in apposition Exod 9:18; 2Sam 19:25 (compare also 2Chr 8:16 see DrSm. & § 190, Obs.); קֶדֶם ׃לְמִימֵי ׳למ 2Kgs 19:25 since days of old = long ago, compare Mal 3:7 since the days of your fathers.
1. ׃עַד (ה)יום ׳עַד יוֺם הָאֶחָד וגו Exod 12:18 until the 21st day, Lev 19:6 +; עַדיֿוֺם מוֺתוֺ Judg 13:7; 1Sam 15:35; 2Sam 6:23 +, etc., see also (followed by infinitive) c above; עַדהַֿיּוֺם until to-day, denoting especially permanence of a name or situation, or of result of an event, Gen 19:37; Gen 19:38 (J), Gen 35:20 (E), 2Kgs 10:27; Ezek 20:31 ; more often עַדהַֿיּוֺם הַזֶּה until this day Gen 26:33 (J), Gen 32:33 (P or R), Gen 47:26 (J), Gen 48:15 (E), Exod 10:6; Num 22:30 (both J), Deut 2:22; Deut 3:14; Deut 10:8; Deut 11:4; Deut 29:3; Deut 34:6; Deut 5:9; Deut 6:25; Deut 7:26 (twice in verse); Josh 8:28; Josh 8:29; Josh 9:27; Josh 13:13; Josh 14:14; Josh 15:63; Josh 16:10 (all J E), Josh 22:3 (D), vJosh 22:17 (P), Josh 23:8; Josh 23:9 (D), Judg 1:21; Judg 1:26; Judg 6:24; Judg 10:4; Judg 15:19; Judg 18:12; Judg 19:30; 1Sam 5:5; 1Sam 6:18; 1Sam 8:8; 1Sam 12:2; 1Sam 27:6; 1Sam 29:3; 1Sam 29:6; 1Sam 29:8; 1Sam 30:25; 2Sam 4:3; 2Sam 6:8 = 1Chr 13:11; 2Sam 7:6 = 1Chr 17:5; 2Sam 18:18 + often; עַדעֶֿצֶם הַיּוֺם הַזֶּה Josh 10:27 (JE), Ezek 2:3 (compare Lev 23:14 H); עַדֿ הַיּוֺם הַהוּא Judg 18:1; Neh 8:17. masculine once עַליֿוֺם טוֺב 1Sam 25:8 upon a good day, i.e. a day of social cheerfulness, feasting, rejoicing (with rare עַל temporal compare Dr; יוֺם טוֺב also Esth 8:17; Esth 9:19; Esth 9:22, see טוֺב adjective )

day, days, time, daily, ever, …
yôm
a day (as the warm hours), whether literal (from sunrise to sunset, or from one sunset to the next), or figurative (a space of time defined by an associated term), (often used adverb)
  • day, time, year
    • day (as opposed to night)
      • "day (24 hour period)
      • as defined by evening and morning in Genesis 1
        • "as a division of time
        • a working day, a day's journey
      days, lifetime (pl.)"time, period (generally)"year"temporal references
      • today
        • "yesterday"tomorrow

Breakdown unavailable for this word. Dictionary form: הוּא · hoo

Noun — masculine singular

In the KJV here: that
he ×367 it ×197 that ×161 in that ×95 and he ×89 she ×67 which ×62 this ×47
More options
he — Default rendering for masculine singular subject pronoun.
she — Use when grammatical/contextual gender is feminine.
it — Use for non-personal or abstract referents.
that — Demonstrative or relative use; points to something previously mentioned.
the same — Emphasizes identity or sameness of the referent.
this very — Adds emphasis or specificity; highlights the exact referent.

BDB2086 H1931

BDB2085 | BIBLICAL HEBREW | BDB2087

הוּ Jer 29:23 Kt, see הוּא.

BDB2087 H1931 H1992 H2007

BDB2086 | BIBLICAL HEBREW | BDB2088

הוּא masculine הִיא feminine (plural masculine הֵ֫מָּה, הֵם; feminine הֵ֫נָּה, הֵן [the latter only with prefixes]; see these words), pronoun of the 3rd person singular, he, she, used also (in both genders) for the neuter it, Latin is, ea, id. (The א is not orthographic merely, but radical, being written on Moabite and Phoenician inscriptions, though dropped in some of the later dialects. [In Hebrew only Jer 29:23 Kt, and in the proper name אֱלִיהוּ.] Moabite (MI6; 27) and Phoenician (often) הא; Aramaic of Zinjirli הא, once הו (DHMInschr. von Sendschirli 55); ᵑ7 הוּא, הִיא Syriac , ; Arabic , (for h¥°a, h£°a, WSG 104); Ethiopic we°§t¥, ye°§t£; perhaps also Assyrian šû, šî, himself, herself suffix šu, ši; compare demonstrative šuatu, šiati (see KraeBAS. i. 383 & references, WSG 98, 105 Dl§ 55b, 57). In the Pentateuch, הוא is of common gender, the feminine form הִיא occurring only 11 times, namely Gen 14:2; Gen 20:5; Gen 38:25 (see Masora here), Lev 11:39; Lev 13:10; Lev 13:21; Lev 16:31; Lev 20:17; Lev 21:9; Num 5:13; Num 5:14. The punctuators, however, sought to assimilate the usage of the Pentateuch to that of the rest of the OT, and accordingly wherever הוא was construed as a feminine pointed it הִוא (as a Qr perpetuum). Outside the Pentateuch the same Qr occurs 1Kgs 17:15; Isa 30:33; Job 31:11a — probably for the sake of removing gramm. anomalies: five instances of the converse change, namely of היא to be read as הוּא, occur for a similar reason, 1Kgs 17:15 (וַתּאֹכַל הוּאוָֿהִיא to be read as וַתּאֹכַל הִיאוָֿהוּא, on account of the feminine verb) Ps 73:16; Job 31:11b (כי הוא זמה והיא עָוֺן פלילים to be read as כי היא זמה והוא עון פלילים), Eccl 5:8; 1Chr 29:16. The origin of the peculiarity in the Pentateuch is uncertain. It can hardly be a real archaism : for the fact that arab., Aramaic, & Ethiopic have distinct forms for masculine & feminine shews that both must have formed part of the original Semitic stock, and consequently of Hebrew as well, from its earliest existence as an independent language. Nor is the peculiarity confined to the Pentateuch: in the Manuscript of the Later Prophets, of A.D. , now at St. Petersburg, published in facsimile by Strack (1876), the feminine occurs written הוא (see the passages cited in the Adnotationes Criticae, p. 026). In Phoenician both masculine and feminine are alike written הא (CIS i. 1Chr 1:9 מלך צדק הא, 1Chr 1:13 מלאכת הא, 1Chr 3:10 אדם הא, 1Chr 1:11 ממלכת הא, 1Chr 93:2; 1Chr 94:2), though naturally this would be read as hu° or hi° as occasion required. Hence, as ᵐ5 shews that in the older Hebrew MSS. the scriptio plena was not yet generally introduced, it is probably that originally הא was written for both genders in Hebrew likewise, and that the epicene הוא in the Pentateuch originated at a comparatively late epoch in the transmission of the text — perhaps in connection with the assumption, which is partly borne out by facts (compare DeZKWL 1880, pp. 393-399), that in the older language feminine forms were more sparingly used than subsequently.)

In usage הוּא (feminine הִיא; plural הֵ֫מָּה, הֵם, ׃ הֵ֫נָּה see הֵ֫מָּה) is

1. an emphatic he (she, it, they), sometimes equivalent to himself (herself, itself, themselves), or (especially with the article) that (those):
  a. Gen 3:15 הוא ישׁופך ראשׁ he (ᵐ5 αὐτὸς) shall bruise thee as to the head (opposed to the following אתה thou), vGen 3:20 for she (and no one else) was the mother of all living (so often in causal sentences, where some emphasis on the subject is desirable as Judg 14:3; Ps 24:2; Ps 25:15; Ps 33:9; Ps 91:3; Ps 103:14; Ps 148:5; Job 5:18; Job 11:11; Job 28:24; Jer 5:5; Jer 34:7b Hos 6:1; Hos 11:10 : Dr1Sam 14:18), 1Sam 4:20 Adah bare Jabal הוא היה אבי ישׁב אהלים he (ἐκεῖνος) was the father of tent-dwellers, v1Sam 4:21; 1Sam 10:8 he began to be a mighty one in the earth, 1Sam 20:5 (αὐτός), Judg 13:5; Isa 32:7; Isa 33:22; 2Kgs 14:7; 2Kgs 14:22; 2Kgs 14:25; Hos 10:2 he — the unseen observer of their thoughts and deeds (Che), Hos 13:15 b (he, the foe figured by the east wind). (For its use thus in circumstantial clauses see Dr§ 157, 160, 168, 169.) And where the predicate is a substantive or participle, Gen 2:11 הוּא הַסֹּבֵב ֗֗֗ that is the one which encompasseth etc., vGen 2:13 vGen 2:14; Gen 10:12 that is the great city. So in the explanatory notices, Gen 14:3 הוּא יָם הַמֶּלַת that is the salt sea, vGen 14:8 הוּאצֹֿעַר that is Zoar, Gen 36:1 + often
  b. pointing back to the subj. and contrasting it with something else : Gen 4:4 הבל גסהֿוא Abel, he also ... vGen 4:26; Gen 10:21; Gen 20:5 וְהִיאגַֿםהִֿוא and she, herself also said, Exod 1:10 + often
  c. appended alone to a verb (more rarely, but always with intentional emphasis), Exod 4:14 I know כי דבר ידבר הוא that he can speak, vExod 4:16; 1Sam 22:18 ויפגע הוא בכהנים and he (though none else would do it) smote the priests, 1Sam 23:22 for one hath told me, עָרֹם יַעְרִם הוּא He can deal subtilly, Ezek 12:12 (peculiarly), compare Dr§ 160 n.: very rarely indeed to a noun Num 18:23 הַלֵּוִי הוּא Isa 7:14 הוא ׳י, Esth 9:1 (הֵמָּה) being probably all the examples in the OT.
  d. Gen 13:1 and Abram came up out of Egypt, הוּא וְאִשְׁתּוֺ himself and his wife, and all that he had, Gen 14:15 הוּא וַעֲבָדָיו he and his servants, Gen 19:30 so very often
  e. prefixed to a noun (very rare, and mostly late), Exod 12:42b Ezek 3:8 & Ezek 33:8 הוּא רָשָׁע : to proper names Exod 6:27 הוא משׁה ואהרן, 1Chr 26:26 that Shelomoth, 1Chr 27:6; 2Chr 28:22; 2Chr 32:12 (different from 2Kgs 18:22), v2Kgs 18:30; 2Kgs 33:23; Ezra 7:6: compare הֵם Neh 10:38 (compare in Syriac , Nö§ 227): compare Ps 87:5; 1Sam 20:29.

2. It resumes the subject with emphasis:
  a. when the predicate is a verb (especially if it be separated from its subject by an intervening clause), Gen 15:4 but one that shall come forth out of thine own bowels, הוּא יִירָשֶׁ֑ךָ he shall be thy heir, Gen 3:12 the woman whom thou gavest to be with me, הוא נתנה לי she gave to me, Gen 24:7; Gen 44:17 etc. Judg 7:4; 2Sam 14:19 (throwing stress on יוֺאָב) 1Chr 11:20; Isa 33:15-16; Isa 34:16; Isa 38:19; Isa 47:10; Isa 59:16; Isa 63:5; Hos 7:8 often in Proverbs, as Hos 10:18; Hos 10:22; Hos 10:24; Hos 11:28; Hos 13:13; Hos 19:21; Hos 22:9; Hos 24:12; 1Sam 1:13 (see Dr), Ps 68:36.
  b. when the predicate is a noun, Gen 2:14 and the fourth river, הוּא פְרָת it was the Euphrates, vGen 2:19; Gen 9:18; Gen 15:2; Gen 42:6 הַשַּׁלִּיט וְיוֺסֵף הוּא and Joseph, he was the ruler etc.: in sentences of the type הוּא הָאֱלֹהִים ׳י, הוּא הַנִּלְחָם ׳י לָכֶם, הוּא נַחֲלָ˜תְךָ ׳י, Deut 3:22; Deut 4:35; Deut 7:9; Deut 10:9; Josh 13:14; Josh 13:33; Isa 9:14; Isa 33:6; (in these cases, to avoid stiffness, it is convenient often to drop the pronoun in translating, as 'And the fourth river was the Euphrates:' the pronoun, however, though it then corresponds to the substantive verb in English, does not really express it, the copula, as the examples shew, being in fact understood. Sts. in AV the pronoun is retained for emphasis, as Deuteronomy ll. cc.) So
  c. after אֲשֶׁר in an affirmative sentence, Gen 9:3 all creeping things אֲשֶׁר הוּאחַֿי which are living, Lev 11:39; Num 9:13; Num 14:8; Num 35:31 אֲשֶׁר הוּא רָשָׁע לָמוּת who is guilty of death, Deut 20:20; 1Sam 10:19; Hag 1:9 and elsewhere (On 2, compare Dr§ 199, with Obs.)

3. Where, however, the pron. follows the predicate, its position gives it the minimum of emphasis, and it expresses (or resumes) the subject as unobtrusively as possible: thus
  a. Gen 12:18 why didst thou not tell me כי אשׁתך הוא that she was thy wife ? Gen 20:13; Gen 21:13 כי זרעך הוא for he is thy seed, Gen 31:20 because he told him not כִּי בֹרֵחַ הוּא, Gen 37:3 + often (the opposite order rare and emphatic: Gen 24:65; Deut 4:6; Deut 30:20; Josh 10:2; 1Kgs 2:22; 1Kgs 3:4; 1Kgs 21:2; Hos 2:4; Ps 45:12).
  b. resuming the subject, Gen 31:16 all the wealth which God hath taken etc., לנו הוא ולבנינו it is ours and our children's, vGen 31:43 and all that thou seest, לי הוא it is mine (or, omitting the pronoun, as not required in our idiom, simply) is mine, Gen 41:26 חלום פרעה אחד הוא the dream of Pharaoh is one, Gen 48:5 (לי הם), Exod 3:5 for the place where on thou standest, אַדְמַת קֹדֶשׁ הוּא it is holy ground, Num 13:32; Num 21:26; Deut 1:17; Josh 5:15; Josh 6:19; Job 3:19 + often; Gen 23:15 ארץ ֗֗֗ מַההִֿוא, so Ps 39:5; Isa 41:22 (הֵנָּה); הֵמָּה .... אַתֶּם (unusual) Zeph 2:12. (In all such cases the predicate is not referred directly to the subject, but, the subject being made a casus pendens, it is resumed by the pronoun, and the predicate thus referred to it indirectly. By this means the sentence is lightened and relieved, especially if the subject consist of many words: in Gen 31:16 for instance, the direct form of predicate כִּי לָנוּ וּלְבָנֵינוּ כָּלהָֿעשֶׁר אֲשֶׁר הִצִּיל אֱלֹהִים מֵאָבִינוּ would have been heavy and inelegant.) So
  c. after אֲשֶׁר in a negative sentence, Gen 7:2; Gen 17:12 אֲשֶׁר לאֹ מִזַּרְעֲךָ הוּא which is not of thy seed, Num 17:5; Deut 17:5; 1Kgs 8:41 (compareהֵמָּה 3 c).
  d. peculiarly, as the subject of לֹא, Jer 5:12 לוֺא הוּא He is not; and as embracing its predicate in itself, Isa 18:2; Isa 18:7 a nation terrible מִןהֿוּא (= מַאֲשֶׁר הוּא) from (the time that) it was, Nah 2:9 מִימֵי הִיא from the days that (stative construct Ges«GKC:130»§ 130. 4) as it was, 2Kgs 7:7 they left the camp כַּאֲשֶׁר הִיא as it was (compare כַּאֲשֶׁר הֵמָּה v2Kgs 7:10). (On 3, compare Dr§ 198, with Obs.)

4. It anticipates (as it seems) the subject namely
  a. (rare) Song 6:9 אַהַת הִיא יוֺנָתִי תַמָּתִי one is she, my dove my perfect one, Lev 25:11; Ezek 11:15; Ezek 21:16; Lam 1:18 ׳צַדִּיק הוּא י (often so in Late Hebrew); EC Lam 6:10 וְנוֺדָע אֲשֶׁר הוּא אָדָם and that which he, even man, is, is known (De Now); compare 1Sam 6:19 מִקְרֶה הוּא הָיָה לָנוּ an accident is it, (that) hath befallen us. (compare הֵמָּה 4 a.)
  b. after pronouns — (α) 2Sam 7:28 אַתָּה הוּא הָאֱלֹהִים Thou art he — God, Ps 44:5 אתה הוא מלבי thou art he — my king, Isa 37:16; Isa 43:25 (אנכי), Isa 51:9; Isa 51:10; Isa 51:12; Isa 52:6; Jer 14:22; Jer 29:23 Kt +; compare Jer 49:12 וְאַתָּה הוּא נָקֹה תִנָּקֶה and art thou he (that) shall be unpunished ? (with change of person κατά σύνεσιν, compare Judg 13:11; 1Chr 21:17; Ezek 38:17.) So Ew§ 297 b Müll§ 499. But others, as GesThes Roo§ 563 DeIsa 37:16; Ps 44. 5, treat הוא as emphasizing the pronoun, 'Thou, he, art God' i.e. Thou and none else art God; 'Thou (emphatic) art my king.'. (β) מִי הוּא, followed by a participle or substantive Gen 27:33; Ps 24:10 מִי הוּא זֶה מֶלֶךְ הַכָּבוֺד who is he, then — the king of glory ? (according to others, as before, 'Who (emphatic), then, is the king of glory ?'); followed by a verb Isa 50:9 מִי הוּא יַרְשִׁיעֵנִי who is he (that) will condemn me ? (others 'Who (emphatic) will condemn me ?') Job 4:7; Job 13:19; Job 17:3; Job 41:2; Jer 30:21 (so with הֵנָּה Gen 21:29, הֵמָּה Zech 1:9; Zech 4:5). (γ) זֶההֿוּא 1Chr 22:1 EC 1Chr 1:17 (frequently in Late Hebrew, where the two words coalesce into one זֶהוּ) . On the analogous אֵלֶּה הֵם ֗֗֗ ), see הֵמָּה 4 b (γ). (compare Dr§ 200, 201)

5. As an emphatic predicate, of God, 'I am He,' i.e. I am He Who is (opposed to unreal gods, named in context, or to transitory world), the Unseen, yet Omni-present, and Self-consistent, Ruler of the world, Deut 32:39 אֲנִי אֲנִי הוּא I, I am he, and beside me there is no God, Isa 41:4 (see Che) Isa 43:10; Isa 43:13 even from to-day I am he, Isa 46:4; Isa 48:12; Ps 102:28 (see Che) thou art he, and thy years have no end (ᵐ5 usually ἐγώ εἰμι : in Psalms σὺ δὲ ὁ αὐτὸς εἶ). So also, according to many, Job 3:19, but is הוא a mere predicate of identity ? see rather 3b.

6. In a neuter sense, that, it (of an action, occurrence, matter, etc.) —
  a. Josh 2:21 כְּדִבְרֵיכֶם כֶּןהֿוּא according to your words, so be it; Gen 42:14 הוא אשׁר דברתי that is what I said, Exod 16:23; Lev 10:3; 2Kgs 9:36; Job 8:19 הן הוא משׂושׂ דרכו lo that (what has just been described) is the joy of his way, Job 13:16; Job 15:9; Job 31:28; Prov 7:23; Eccl 2:1; Eccl 3:22; Eccl 9:9; Esth 9:1b; similarly the feminine הִיא, Judg 14:4 they knew not היא ׳כי מי that it was from ׳י, Num 14:41; Josh 10:13; Isa 14:24; Ps 77:10 חַלּוֺתִי הִיא it (this perplexity) is my sickness, Job 9:22; Prov 18:13; Jer 22:16; 2Chr 25:20; Eccl 3:13 reference to זאת Amos 7:6; Ps 118:23; Job 5:27, זִּה Eccl 2:24. (Where there is a predicate, the gender of this usually regulates the choice of m. or f.: hence הִוא Gen 34:14; Exod 8:15; Num 15:25 (Eccl 5:5) Deut 4:6 +.)
  b. affirming the presence or existence of something (rare) : 2Kgs 18:36 = Isa 36:21 כִּי מִצְוַת הַמֶּלֶךְ הִיא for it was the king's command, saying etc., 1Sam 20:33 (text dubious), Jer 50:15; Jer 50:25; Jer 51:6; Jer 51:11; Mic 2:3, perhaps Job 32:8. p. 241.
7. With the art. הַהוּא, הַהִיא, הָהֵ֫מָּה, הָהֵם, הָהֵ֫נָּה: so regularly when joined to a substantive defined itself by the article: Gen 2:12 הָאָרֶץ הַהִוא that land, Gen 19:35 ובלילה ההוא and in that night, Gen 21:22 בָּעֵת הַהִוא at that time, Deut 1:19 המדבר הגדול והנורא ההוא. Only four times does there occur the anomalous construction בַּלַּיְלָה הוּא Gen 19:33; Gen 30:16; Gen 32:23; 1Sam 19:10.

BDB9471 H1932 H1931

BDB9470 | BIBLICAL ARAMAIC | BDB9472

הוּא14 masculine הִיא7 feminine pronoun of 3 singular he, she, it (= Biblical Hebrew הוּא, הִיא; Zinjirli and Palmyrene (once) הא, Palmyrene (usually), Nabataean, Egyptian Aramaic הו, feminine ׳ה, Lzb257, S-CPap. A 1, 12+; A 4, C 9 +. The plural is אִנּוּן, q. v.); — he, she, it, Dan 2:21 וְהוּא מְהַשְׁנֵא ֗֗֗ and he will change, etc., vDan 2:22 vDan 2:44; Dan 6:5; Dan 7:7; Dan 7:24; Ezra 5:8; Dan 2:32 הוּא צַלְמָא that image (nom. pend. ['hanging' noun clause]); Dan 4:19 אַנְתָּה הוּא thou art it. Resuming the subject with emphatic (Biblical Hebrew 2 b) Dan 2:47; Dan 6:17 resuming the subject in predication (ib. 3 b) Dan 2:20 חָכְמְתָא וּגְבוּרְתָּא דִּילֵֿהּ הִיא it is his, vDan 2:28. Anticipating the subject (ib. 4 a) Dan 2:9 חֲדָא הִיא דָֽתְכוֺן; with a pronoun (ib. 4 b) Dan 2:38 אַנְתְּה הוּא ֗֗֗ thou art the head of gold Dan 5:13; Dan 3:15 מָן הוּא אֱלָהּ ֗֗֗ who is the god . . . ? (so plural אִנּוּן Ezra 5:4); Ezra 4:27 הֲלָא דָא הִיא ֗֗֗ (ib. 4 b γ); Ezra 6:27 דִּי הוּא ֗֗֗ who is . . . (ib. 2 c), Ezra 6:15 (so דִּי אִנוּן ֗֗֗ Dan 7:17). [compare in ᵑ7 Exod 14:25; Exod 15:11; 2Sam 20:19; 2Sam 24:17; Ps 43:2; Ps 63:4; Ps 66:3 +.] Affirming existence (Biblical Hebrew 6 b) Dan 4:21. compare Dr §§ 198-201, K§ 87, 3.

he, that, it, she, same, …
hûʾ
he (she or it); only expressed when emphatic or without a verb; also (intensively) self, or (especially with the article) the same; sometimes (as demonstrative) this or that; occasionally (instead of copula) as or are
  • (pron 3p s) he, she, it
    • himself (with emphasis)
      • "resuming subj with emphasis"(with minimum emphasis following predicate)"(anticipating subj)"(emphasising predicate)"that, it (neuter)
    (demons pron) that (with article)

וַ יֹּאֶל֩
וַ
Prefix — connector and (sometimes: but, so, then)
יֹּאֶל֩
Root word swear, swearing, adjured, cursedst
Dictionary form: אָלָה · aw-LAW

וַ
Vav-consecutive (wayyiqtol) The וַ prefix — vav with patach plus a doubling dagesh in the next letter — flips this verb into story-telling past: translate "and (he) ___ed", not "will ___".

Verb — Hiphil, Sequential Imperfect (Wayyiqtol), third person masculine singular causative — "he made (someone) do" story-telling past — try "and he ___ed" the built-in subject is "he (or it)"

In the KJV here: had adjured
by swearing ×1 cursedst ×1 had adjured ×1 swearing ×1 upon him to cause him to swear ×1 upon him to make him swear ×1
More options
swear an oath — Most neutral and widely applicable modern rendering.
take an oath — Slightly more formal; emphasizes the solemn act.
bind with an oath — Highlights the obligating force placed on another.
adjure — Formal/legal register; use when solemnity must be stressed.
curse — Use when the oath carries an explicit self-imprecation.
invoke a curse — Captures the conditional curse element of ancient oaths.

BDB471 H422

BDB470 | BIBLICAL HEBREW | BDB472

II. אָלָה verb swear, curse (compare I. אלה ? so Thes LagOr ii. 3) —

Qal Perfect 1Kgs 8:31 ( = 2Chr 6:22 all Vrss Th Bö Bä Kp reading וְאָלָה); אָלִית Judg 17:2 Infinitive absolute אָלֹה Hos 4:2 אָלוֺת Hos 10:4.
1. swear, take oath before God 1Kgs 8:31 ( = 2Chr 6:22); in covenants Hos 4:2; Hos 10:4 (falsely).
2. curse Judg 17:2. Hiph`il Imperfect וַיּאֶֹל 1Sam 14:24 Infinitive לְהַאֲלֹתוֺ 1Kgs 8:31 = 2Chr 6:22 adjure, put under oath.

swear, swearing, adjured, cursedst
ʾālâ
properly, to adjure, i.e., (usually in a bad sense) imprecate
  • to swear, curse
    • (Qal)
      • to swear, take an oath (before God)
        • "to curse
      (Hiphil)
      • to put under oath, adjure
        • "to put under a curse

שָׁא֨וּל
שָׁא֨וּל
Root word a name — transliterate it ("For saul")
Dictionary form: שָׁאוּל · shaw-OOL

Noun — Proper Name

In the KJV here: for saul
saul ×140 and saul ×89 of saul ×67 sauls ×14 then saul ×8 and when saul ×7 so saul ×7 to saul ×6
More options
Saul — Standard modern spelling for this proper name.
Shaul — Use when distinguishing non-Israelite or minor figures named שָׁאוּל.
Saul's — Possessive form; use for genitive constructions.

BDB8369 H7586

BDB8368 | BIBLICAL HEBREW | BDB8370

שָׁאוּל proper name, masculine ( = asked (of ׳י), cf שְׁאַלְתִּיאֵל below; Palmyrene proper name שאילא Lzb371 Cooke283); — Σαονλ:

1.397 1st king of Israel, 1Sam 9:2; 1Sam 9:3 (twice in verse); 1Sam 9:5 (son of Kish, a Benjamite) + 359 t. Samuel; 28 t. 1 Chronicles; Ps 18:1; Ps 52:2; Ps 54:2; Ps 57:1; Ps 59:1 (all in titles); ׳גִּבְעַת שׁ Isa 10:29 (and 1Sam 11:4; 1Sam 15:34; 2Sam 21:6 see II . גִּבְעָה).
2. a king of Edom Gen 36:37; Gen 36:38 (P) = 1Chr 1:48; 1Chr 1:49
3. a son of Simeon Gen 46:10; Exod 6:15; Num 26:13 (all P) = 1Chr 4:24.
4. a Levite 1Chr 6:9.

saul, sauls, shaul
šāʾûl
desired
Shaul, the name of an Edomite and two Israelites
  • a Benjamite, son of Kish, and the 1st king of Israel
    • "an early king of Edom and a successor of Samlah"a son of Simeon"a Levite, son of Uzziah

אֶת
אֶת
Particle points to the object of the verb — leave untranslated
Dictionary form: אֵת · ate

Particle — Direct Object Marker

and ×240 of ×109 him ×107 them ×73 with ×72 from ×64 you ×61 me ×54
More options
[direct object marker — untranslated] — Most common use; marks definite direct object, no English equivalent.
with — Use when אֵת expresses accompaniment or association.
from — Use when context implies source or separation.
along with — Emphasizes inclusion or togetherness in a list.
together with — Slightly more formal; stresses joint participation.
among — Use when indicating presence within a group.

BDB853 H853

BDB852 | BIBLICAL HEBREW | BDB854

I. אֵת, with makk. אֶתֿ, with suffix אֹתִי; ˜אֹתְךָ, ˜אֹתְכָה Num 22:33, אֹתָ֑ךְ, אֹתָ֑כָה Exod 29:35, feminine אֹתָךְ; אֹתוֺ etc.; 2 plural אֶתְכֶם, once ˜אוֺתְכֶם Josh 23:15 3 masculine plural regularly אֹתָם, rarely אֶתְהֶם Gen 32:1; Exod 18:20; Num 21:3; Ezek 34:12; 1Chr 6:50, once ˜אוֺתְהֶם Ezek 23:45 3 feminine plural, on the contrary, regularly אֶתְהֶן (13 t.), once אֹתָן Ezek 16:54 (also ˜אוֺתְהֶן Ezek 23:47, אֹתָ֖נָה Exod 35:26, אוֺתָ֖נָה Ezek 34:21); forms with cholem also often written plene: — the mark of the accusative, prefixed as a rule only to nouns that are definite (Moabite id., Phoenician אית i.e. אִיַּת (Schrödp. 213 f.); Aramaic יָת frequently in ᵑ7; Syriac very rare as mark of accusative (for which is preferred), but used often in the sense of substance οὐσία, also in that of self, e.g. per se, reapse, sibi ipsi, PS1640 f., Samaritan ; Arabic , only used with suffix, when it is desired to emphasize the pronoun, e.g. Qor 1:4 WAG i. § 189. [Ethiopic uses k£y¹ similarly, Di§ 150 a; but it is dubious if this is etymologically akin.] The primitive form will have been 'iwyath, originally a substantive with following genitive, Olp. 432; whether ultimately a parallel development with אוֺת sign from √ אוה is uncertain: Ol WAG i. § 188 LagM i. 226 affirm, NöZMG 1886, 738 doubts. In Hebrew the ground-form is אוֺת; the forms with ¢, e being abbreviated. In post Biblical Hebrew, used in combination with another preposition: thus בְּאוֺתוֺ הַיּוֺם = Bibl. בַּיּוֺם הַהוּא, בְּאוֺתָהּ הַשָּׁעָה; or as a nomin., e.g. אוֺתוֺ הָאִישׁ = Bibl. הָאִישׁ הַהוּא).

1. As mark of the accusative prefixed to substantives defined either by the article (or כֹּל), or by a genitive or pronominal affix, or in virtue of being proper names:
  a. with transitive verbs, Gen 1:1; Gen 1:16; Gen 1:29; Gen 1:30; Gen 2:11; Gen 4:1; Gen 4:2; Gen 9:3 (אֶתֿ˜כֹּל׃) etc. Similarly אֶתמִֿי whom (in particular), Josh 24:15; 1Sam 12:3; 1Sam 28:11; Isa 6:8 and elsewhere (but never אֶתמָֿה); also with זֶה Gen 29:33; Gen 44:29; 1Sam 21:16; 1Kgs 22:27 +, זֹאת Gen 29:27; 2Sam 13:27 +, אֵלֶּה Gen 46:18; Lev 11:18; Isa 49:21 +. So pretty uniformly in prose; but in poetry את is commonly dispensed with. By the use of את with the pronominal affix, a pronoun can at once, if required, be placed in a position of emphasis; let the order of words from this point of view be carefully noticed in the following passages: Gen 7:1; Gen 24:14; Gen 37:4; Lev 10:17; Lev 11:33; Num 22:32 thee I had slain, and her I had kept alive, Deut 4:14; Deut 6:13; Deut 6:23; Deut 13:5; Judg 14:3 אוֺתָהּ קַח לִי take for me her, 1Sam 14:35; 1Sam 15:1; 1Sam 18:17; 1Sam 21:10 אִםאֹֿתָהּ תִּקַּחלְֿךָ קָ֔ח if thou wilt take that, take it, 1Kgs 1:35; 1Kgs 14:9; Isa 43:22; Isa 57:11; Jer 9:2. So הַאוֺתִי Jer 5:22; Jer 7:19. It also sometimes enables the reflexive sense to be expressed (elsewhere נַפְשָׁם) Jer 7:19; Ezek 34:2. Rarely with a substantive which is undefined (Ew§ 277 d 2 Ges«GKC:117»§ 117, 1, R. 2), as Exod 21:28; Num 21:9; Lev 20:14; 1Sam 24:6 (but see Dr) 2Sam 4:11; 2Sam 18:18; 2Sam 23:21 or which, though definite, is without the article, Gen 21:30; 2Sam 15:16; Lev 26:5; 1Sam 9:3 (so Num 16:15) Isa 33:19; Isa 41:7; Ezek 43:10 (for further examples see Ew 1.c.)
  b. with a passive verb (Ges«GKC:121»§ 121. 1 Ew§ 295 b) conceived as expressing neutrally the action in question, and construed accordingly with an accusative of that which is its real object: examples occur with tolerable frequency from Gen 4:18 (J) וַיִּוָּלֵד לַחֲנוֺךְ אֶתעֿירָד, Gen 17:5 (P), לֹא יִקָּרֵא עוֺד אֶתשִֿׁמְךָ אַ˜ברָם there shall not be called (=one shall not call) thy name Abram, Gen 21:5 (E), Gen 27:42; 2Sam 21:11; 1Kgs 18:13; Hos 10:6 etc., to Jer 35:18; Jer 38:4; Jer 50:20; Ezek 16:4; Ezek 16:5; Esth 2:13 (compare DrJPh xi. 227 f.): also with passive verbs of filling (Ew§ 281 b), as Exod 1:7 +.
  c. with neuter verbs or expressions, especially such as involve the idea of regarding, or treating, appy. by a construction κατὰ σύνεσιν (rare), Josh 22:17; 2Sam 11:25; Neh 9:32 (compare 1Sam 20:13 Dr). Once after אֵין, Hag 2:17 אֵין אֶתְכֶם אֵלַיָֽ.
  d. poet. (si vera lectio), after an abstract noun used with a verbal force, Hab 3:13 (Amos 4:11; Isa 13:19; Jer 50:40 מַהְפֵּכָה exerts a verbal force, like the Arabic nom. verbi [see WAG i. § 196, 43]; and Num 10:2; Ezek 17:9 לְמַסַּע, לְמַשְׂאוֺת are Aramaizing infinitives: compare Ew§ 239 a).

2. את marks an accusative in other relations than that of direct object to a verb:
  a. with verbs of motion (very rare) Num 13:17; Deut 1:19; Deut 2:7 (to 'walk the wilderness'); denoting the goal Judg 19:18; Ezek 21:25 (Ew§ 281 d, n., 282 a 1).
  b. denoting time (duration), also very rare: Exod 13:7; Lev 25:22; Deut 9:25.
  c. expressing the accus. of limitation (rare): Gen 17:11; Gen 17:14; 1Kgs 15:23.

3. Chiefly in an inferior or later style, אֵת (or וְאֵת) is used irregularly, partly (α), as it would seem, to give greater definiteness (so especially וְאֵת) at the mention of a new subject (when it may sometimes be rendered as regards), or through the influence of a neighbouring verb (a construct κατὰ σύνεσιν), or by an anacoluthon, partly (β) as resuming loosely some other preposition Thus (α) Exod 1:14; Num 3:26; Num 3:46; Num 5:10 (with הָיָה: so Ezek 35:10) Num 18:21b Deut 11:2 (anacoluthon), Deut 14:13; Josh 17:11; Judg 20:44; Judg 20:46 (contr. vJudg 20:25 vJudg 20:35) 1Sam 17:34 (see Dr) 1Sam 26:16; 2Sam 21:22; 2Kgs 6:5; Isa 53:8 (probably), Isa 57:12; Jer 23:33 (but read rather with ᵐ5 ᵑ9 אַתֶּם הַמַּשָּׂא) Jer 27:8; Jer 36:22; Jer 38:16 Kt, Jer 45:4 b Ezek 16:22; Ezek 17:21; Ezek 20:16; Ezek 29:4 b Ezek 43:7 (ᵐ5 Co prefix הֲרָאִיתָ) Ezek 44:3; Zech 8:17; Eccl 4:3; Dan 9:13; Neh 9:19; Neh 9:34; 1Chr 2:9; 2Chr 31:17. In 1Sam 30:23; Hag 2:5 probably some such word as remember is to be understood. (β) Jer 38:9; Ezek 14:22 b Ezek 37:19 b Zech 12:10 סָבִיב אֵת 1Kgs 6:5; Ezek 43:17 strangely (in 1 Kings ᵐ5 omits the clause: so StaZAW 1883, 135). — In 1Kgs 11:1 וְ is merely and also, and especially (see וְ); v1Kgs 11:25 is corrupt (read with ᵐ5 זֹאת הָרָעָה אֲשֶׁר עָשָׂה הֲדָד); Ezek 47:17; Ezek 47:18; Ezek 47:19 read similarly for ואת, זֹאת: see vEzek 47:20. — For some particulars as to the use of את, see A. M. WilsonHebraica. vi. 139 ff. 212 ff. (who, however, confuses it sometimes with II. אֵת). For denoting the pronominal object of a verb, את with suffix preponderates relatively much above the verbal affix in P, as compared with J E Deuteronomy Judges Samuel Kings (see GieZAW 1881, 258 f.), — partly, probably, on account of the greater distinctness and precision which P loves.

BDB9600 H853 H3487

BDB9599 | BIBLICAL ARAMAIC | BDB9601

יָת mark of accusative (= Biblical Hebrew I. אֵת; Palmyrene ית; ZinjirliHad. 28 with suffix ותה; Nabataean, Palmyrene with suffix יתה (Lzb263 Cooke170; compare RÉS468); ᵑ7 Samaritan יָת; Syriac (rare)); — Dan 3:12 דִּי מַנִּיתָ יָָֽתְהוֺן whom thou hast appointed.

with, from, of, and, by, …
ʾēt
properly, self (but generally used to point out more definitely the object of a verb or preposition, even or namely)
  • sign of the definite direct object, not translated in English but generally preceding and indicating the accusative

הָ עָ֜ם
הָ
Prefix — article the
עָ֜ם
Root word people, nations, nation, peoples, folk, …
Dictionary form: עַם · am

Noun — Common, masculine singular, absolute state

In the KJV here: the people
the people ×572 people ×220 of the people ×150 my people ×113 and the people ×110 his people ×78 thy people ×58 of my people ×50
More options
people — Most versatile rendering; fits collective and singular contexts.
nation — Emphasizes ethnic or political identity as a unified group.
community — Highlights shared belonging; good for social or covenant contexts.
population — Neutral, demographic tone; useful for census or mass-movement passages.
folk — Informal, grassroots feel; suits ordinary or rural settings.
crowd — Best for gathered assemblies rather than an ongoing social group.

BDB6144 H5971 H5993

BDB6143 | BIBLICAL HEBREW | BDB6145

I. עַם, עָם1840 noun masculineGen 11:6 (see below) people (Late Hebrew id., plebeian, common man; ᵑ7 עַמָּא people, plural peoples, tribes, etc.; Syriac ; Arabic see above; original meaning probably those united, connected, related, compare WeGGN 1893, 480); — absolute עַם Gen 11:6 +, עָם Judg 9:36 +, הָעָם Josh 8:11 +; construct עַם Num 21:29 +; suffix עַמִּי Exod 3:7 +, עַמְּךָ Exod 22:27 +, etc.; plural עַמִּים Isa 2:3 +, עֲמָמִים (compare Biblical Aramaic) Neh 9:22 construct עַמֵּי 1Kgs 8:43 +, עַמְמֵי Neh 9:24 plural with suffix see II. עַם; — (Thes cites following as feminine וְחָטָאת עַמֶּ֑ךָ Exod 5:16 [but corrupt and unintellig.; read perhaps ׳וְחַטָאתָ לְע, so ᵐ5 ᵑ6 Di]; Judg 18:7 [but ישֶׁבֶת must agree with lost word city, or the like, see GFM]; Jer 8:5 [but read שׁוֺבַב for שׁוֺבְבָה Gie]); —

1. a people, nation (sometimes || גּוֺי), collective noun (singular Exod 21:8; Josh 17:14; Josh 17:15; Josh 17:17; 2Sam 17:29 + often, or plural Exod 20:15; Exod 24:2; Jer 5:31 + often, or both in same clause Exod 1:20; 2Sam 13:24): עַם אֶחָד = all mankind Gen 11:6 (J); peoples in general Gen 27:29 (J; || לְאֻמִּים), Exod 19:5 (E), Deut 2:25; Deut 4:6 + often Deuteronomy; Neh 13:24 + often; קְהַל עַמִּים Gen 28:3 (P) an assembly (multitude) of peoples, Gen 48:4 (P), Ezek 23:24; Ezek 32:3 (+ רַבִּים); one's own people Jer 46:16; Ps 45:11; Ruth 1:10; Ruth 1:15; Ruth 1:16 (twice in verse) + (on עַמִּי נָדִיב Song 6:12 see especially Bu); particular peoples, Egypt Gen 41:40 (E), Exod 1:22 (E), Neh 9:10 +; עַםאֲֿרָם Amos 1:5 עַםכְּֿמוֺשׁ (i.e. Moab) Num 21:29 (JE), Jer 48:46 but especially Israel Exod 1:20 (E) + often; ׳עַםבְּֿנֵי יִשׂ vExod 1:9 (J); called יהוה ׳ע Num 11:29 (E), 1Sam 2:24 +, and (by ׳י) עַמִּי Exod 3:7; Exod 5:1 (J) + often (all periods); קְהַל עַםהָֿאֱלֹהִים Judg 20:2, עַםהַֿקָּהָל Lev 16:33 (P), קְהַל עָם Ps 107:32 especially הָעָם הַזֶּה (often in contempt or disgust) Num 11:1; Num 11:12; Num 11:13 +; figurative of ants Prov 30:25, the shaphan vProv 30:26, locusts Joel 2:2, compare לְעַם לְצִיִּים Ps 74:14 (where read לְעַם צִיִּים Hup-Now). — On Judg 1:16 see עֲמָלֵקִי.
2. = smaller units, e.g.
  a. inhabitants of a city Gen 19:4 (J), 1Sam 9:12; 1Sam 9:13; Jer 29:16; Jer 29:25; 2Chr 31:4 + (Jer 8:5 strike out ׳יְרוּוּשׁ ᵐ5 Gie Co Rothst).
  b. inhabitants of a locality Jer 37:12 [apparently not = tribe, Deut 33:3 read עַמּוֺ ᵐ5 Di Dr, Hos 10:14; Judg 5:8; Judg 5:14 read בְּעָרֶיךָ We Now; see below ד].
  c. retainers, followers Gen 14:16; Gen 32:8; Gen 33:15; Gen 35:6; Judg 3:18; Judg 8:5; 2Sam 15:17; Jer 41:13; Jer 41:14 +.
  d. people bearing arms 1Sam 11:11; 1Kgs 20:10 +; כָּבֵד ׳ע Num 20:20 (JE), i.e. a powerful force; עַם הַצָּבָא Num 31:32 (P), הַמִּלְחָמָה ׳ע Josh 8:1; Josh 8:3; Josh 8:11; Josh 10:7; Josh 11:7 (all J E); so probably Judg 5:8 a (fighting) band; perhaps also vJudg 5:14 (read singular ? see GFM Bu).
3. = common people Jer 21:7; Jer 22:4; Lev 4:27 (opposed to ruler vLev 4:22), Neh 5:1 (opposed to יְהוּדִים), Neh 7:5 (opposed to rulers).
4. people in general, persons Gen 50:20 (E), so apparently ׳כָּלהָֿעָם אֲשֶׁר וגו Exod 33:16 (J), Num 11:34 (J), Josh 5:5 (twice in verse) (D), Judg 9:36 (as singular), vJudg 9:37 (as plural), Jer 36:9 persons labouring 1Kgs 9:23 superior persons Job 12:2 (iron.); עַם עוֺלָם Ezek 26:30 people of long ago (now in Sh®°ôl).
5. phrases are:
  a. (עַמָּהּ, עַמִּי, עַמְּךָ) בְּנֵי עַמּוֺ members of one's people, compatriots, fellow-countrymen, etc. Num 22:5 (E), Gen 23:11 (P) Lev 19:18 (H), Judg 14:16; Judg 14:17; Ezek 33:2; Ezek 33:12 +.
  b. בְּנֵי הָעָם = common people (see 3) 2Kgs 23:6; Jer 26:23 +; people in general שַׁעַר בְּנֵי הָעָם Jer 17:19 i.e. public gate 2Chr 35:5; 2Chr 35:12.
  c. עַם הָאָרֶץ the people at large, as a body 2Kgs 11:14; 2Kgs 11:18; 2Kgs 11:19; 2Kgs 11:20; 2Kgs 15:5; 2Kgs 16:15; 2Kgs 21:24 (twice in verse) +, Jer 37:2; Jer 44:21; Lev 20:2 (H), Gen 23:7; Gen 23:12; Gen 23:13 (P); common people Jer 34:19, compare ׳הא ׳דַּלַּת ע 2Kgs 24:14 distinguished from prince Ezek 45:22; Ezek 46:3; Ezek 46:9, from priests Hag 2:4; Zech 7:5 = Canaanites Num 14:9 (JE), compare עַמֵּי הָאָרֶץ 1Chr 5:25 mixed post-exile population Ezra 4:4.
  d. עַמֵּי הָאָרֶץ usually peoples of the earth Josh 4:24 (D), 2Chr 32:19 +; of heathen peoples about and in Palestine after exile Ezra 10:2; Ezra 10:11 traders Neh 10:31 עַמֵּי הָאֲרָצוֺת Neh 9:30; Neh 10:29; 2Chr 32:13.
  e. מִשְׁפְּחוֺת עַמִּים Ps 96:7 = 1Chr 16:28 (compare Ps 22:28). feminine בַּתעַֿמִּי = people personified Isa 22:4; Jer 4:11 + 7 t. Jeremiah + Jer 6:14 (van d. H.; omit בַּת Baer Gi), Lam 2:11; Lam 3:48; Lam 4:3; Lam 4:6; Lam 4:10 בְּתוּלַת בַּתעַֿמִּי Jer 14:17.
  g. designations of Israel are: עַםקָֿרוֺשׁ Deut 7:6 + 3 t., קְדוֺשִׁים ׳ע Dan 8:24, (ה)קֹדֶשׁ ׳ע Isa 62:12; Isa 63:18; Dan 12:7 סְגֻלָּה ׳ע Deut 7:6; Deut 14:2; Deut 26:18.
  h. of foreign (non-Israel) peoples: ׳ע נָכְרִי Exod 21:8 (E), אַחֵר ׳ע Deut 28:32, and especially from language, עִמְקֵי שָׂפָה ׳ע Ezek 3:5 compare vEzek 3:6, כִּלְשׁוֺן עַם וָעָם Neh 13:24 compare Esth 1:22 (twice in verse); Esth 3:12, לֹעֵג ׳ע Ps 114:1.
  i. עַם עֶבְרָתִי Isa 10:6, חֶרְמִי ׳ע Isa 34:11, מִֿבְחָרָיו׳ע Dan 11:15, עַמֵּי תּוֺעֵבוֺת הָאֵלֶּה Ezra 9:14 לֹא עַם בִּינוֺת Isa 27:11. — For עַםעֿוֺלָם Isa 44:7 read (אֹתִיּוֺת) (מִי הִשְׁמִי)עַ מֵעוֺלָם Oort Du Kit CheHpt compare PerlesAnal. 40, 64.

BDB6147 H5971

BDB6146 | BIBLICAL HEBREW | BDB6148

II. [עַם] noun [masculine] kinsman

**later development of I. עַם RSK 58; 2nd ed. 72. (on father's side) (Arabic paternal uncle, etc., see I. עמם; compare perhaps Tel Amarna ammu, kinsmen (?); on Nabataean עם ancestor compare Lzb151, 499; see also especially NesEg 187, ZAW xvi (1896), 322f. Krenkelib. viii (1888), 280-84); — suffix עַמִּי in בֶּןעַֿמִּי (q. v.), and proper name following; elsewhere plural suffix עַמֶּיךָ Num 27:13; Num 31:2 (Lev 19:16 read עַמְּךָ ᵐ5 ⅏), + (possibly) עֲמָָמֶיךָ Judg 5:14 עַמָּיו Gen 25:8 + 15 t., עַמֶּיהָ Gen 17:14 + 3 t.; read עַמֶּי (for ᵑ0 עַמִּי, I. עַם; compare Krenkell.c. 281) Gen 49:29 and perhaps Judg 14:3 (compare Lev 21:14); according to Buhl Kit also 2Kgs 4:13 — father's kinsmen: וַיֵּאָסֵף אֶלעַֿמָּיו Gen 25:8 (of joining kinsmen in Sh®°ôl), so vGen 25:17; Gen 35:29; Gen 49:33; Num 20:24; Deut 32:50, compare Gen 49:29 (see above), Num 27:13; Num 31:2; Deut 32:50 (all P); וְנִכְרְתָה הַנֶּפֶשׁ מֵעַמֶּיהָ Gen 17:4 (severed from living kinsmen), so Lev 7:20; Lev 7:21; Lev 7:23; Lev 7:27; Lev 19:8; Lev 23:29; Num 9:13, מִקֶּרֶב עַמֶּיהָ Exod 31:14, compare Exod 30:33; Exod 30:38; Lev 17:9 (all PH); מֵעַמָּיו יִקַּח אִשָּׁה Lev 21:14 (H), and perhaps Judg 14:3 (simile I. עַם: [םָ֯, הָּ֯] מִקֶּרֶב עַמּוֺ Lev 17:4; Lev 17:10; Lev 18:29+); other combinations Judg 5:14 (si vera lectio read perhaps בְּעַמֶּ֑ךָ, see I. עַם 2 d ), Lev 21:1; Lev 21:4; Lev 21:15 (H), Ezek 18:18 and (perhaps) 2Kgs 4:13. — בֶּןעַֿמִּי perhaps = son of my kinsman; on proper name with עַם see GrayProp. N. 41 ff.

BDB9776 H5971 H5972

BDB9775 | BIBLICAL ARAMAIC | BDB9777

עַם noun masculineEzra 6:12 people (see Biblical Hebrew I. עמם, עַם); — ׳ע absolute Dan 2:44; Dan 3:29; Ezra 6:12, construct Dan 7:27 emphatic עַמָּה Ezra 5:12, עַמָּא Ezra 7:13; Ezra 7:16; Ezra 7:25 plural emphatic עַמֲמַיָּא (K§§ 15d); 55, 5 a)) Dan 3:4; Dan 3:7 (twice in verse); Dan 3:31; Dan 5:19; Dan 6:26; Dan 7:14.

people, nations, nation, peoples, folk, …
ʿam
a people (as a congregated unit); specifically, a tribe (as those of Israel); hence (collectively) troops or attendants; figuratively, a flock
  • nation, people
    • people, nation
      • "persons, members of one's people, compatriots, country-men
    kinsman, kindred

לֵ אמֹ֗ר
לֵ
Prefix — preposition to, for
אמֹ֗ר
Root word said, saying, saith, say, spake, …
Dictionary form: אָמַר · aw-MAHR

Verb — Qal, Infinitive Construct, construct state simple action — "he did" try "to ___" or "___ing"

In the KJV here: saying
said ×947 saying ×718 and said ×688 saith ×527 and he said ×343 then said ×139 say ×122 and say ×119
More options
say — Most versatile; fits nearly any context or register.
declare — Emphasizes formal or authoritative pronouncement.
tell — Prefer when communication to an audience is stressed.
speak — Highlights the act of oral expression itself.
command — Use when the utterance carries directive force.
think — Fits internal or reflective speech contexts.

BDB557 H559

BDB556 | BIBLICAL HEBREW | BDB558

אָמַר5287 verb utter, say (MI, Phoenician אמר, Aramaic אֲמַר, Ethiopic I. 2 shew, declare, Arabic command; perhaps √ אמר originally = be or make prominent, hence Hithpa`el below, אָמִיר; Sabean אמר lofty, epithet of king JHMordtmZMG 1876, 37; compare DlPr 28 who thinks original meaning hell, sichtbar sein, whence Assyrian amâru, see, & shew, declare, say) — Qal Perfect ׳א Gen 3:1 +, etc.; Imperfect יאֹמַר Gen 31:8 +; וַיּאֹ֫מֶר Gen 1:3 +; וַיּאֹמַ֑ר Gen 14:19 +; in Job always וַיּאֹ֑מַר Job 3:2 +; 3 feminine singular תּאֹמַר Gen 21:12 +; תּאֹמֵר֑ Prov 1:21 1 singular אֹמַר Gen 22:2 +; אוֺמְרָה Ps 42:10 וָאֹמַר Gen 20:13 +; וָאוֺמַר Neh 2:7; Neh 2:17; Neh 2:20 3 masculine plural יאֹמְדוּ Exod 4:1 + etc.; suffix יֹמְרוּךָ Ps 139:20 2 masculine plural תֹּמְדוּ 2Sam 19:14 ( compare Köi. p. 385); Imperative (אֱמָרֿ) אֱמֹר Gen 45:17 +, etc.; Infinitive absolute אָמוֺר Exod 21:5 +; construct אֱמֹר Ezek 25:8 +; (הַ)אֲמֹר Job 34:18 but read הָאֹמֵר ᵐ5 ᵑ9 Di, or better הֶאָמֹר Infinitive absolute with ה interrogative compare Ew :§ 328 d; suffix אָמְרִי Josh 6:10 +; אֲמָרְכֶם Jer 23:38 אֱמָרְכֶם Mal 1:7 +; לֵאמֹר Gen 1:22 +, etc.; Participle active אֹמֵר Gen 32:10 +, etc.; passive הֶאָמוּר Mic 2:7, but this grammatically indefensible, read הֶאָמוֺר, Infinitive absolute with ה interrogative, see DrExpositor, April, 1887, 263.

1. Say (subject God Gen 3:1 + or man Gen 32:5, serpent Gen 3:1, ass Num 22:28, horse יאֹמַר הֶאָח Job 39:25 etc.; inanimate things, personified Job 28:14 compare vJob 28:22 etc.; so in allegory or fable Judg 9:8; 2Kgs 14:9 etc.; especially in narration, וַיּאֹמֶר etc., Gen 4:6 + very often): mostly followed by thing said, either substantive Jer 14:17 (c. clause app.) Deut 27:16f.; Judg 12:6 pronoun Gen 44:16; 2Kgs 20:14 +; or (usually) clause Gen 1:3; Gen 3:1; Gen 37:20 + often (oratio recta [direct speech]); with adverb thus, so Gen 32:5; Num 20:14; 1Kgs 20:3; 1Kgs 20:5 + often; especially ׳כֹּה אָמַר י Exod 5:1; Exod 7:17; Exod 8:1; Exod 8:20; 1Chr 17:4 + often; the person addressed usually introduced by אֶל Gen 3:1; Gen 15:7; Gen 22:7; Lev 21:1; 2Sam 3:7; 1Kgs 12:5; 1Kgs 12:23, or לְ Gen 3:13; Gen 4:15; 1Sam 20:2; 2Sam 2:21; 1Kgs 14:2 + often; rarer combinations are, בְּאָזְנֵי ׳א Isa 49:20 (compare Isa 5:9 & see דבר); לִפְנֵי ׳א Ezek 28:9 לְעֵינֵי ׳א Deut 31:7; Josh 10:12; Jer 28:11 בְּ ׳א Joel 2:17; Ps 126:2, where בְּ local; in all cases usually followed by direct object of words said, Exod 19:25 being very singular; Gen 4:8 the object-clause has probably fallen out, compare Vrss Di; = mention, name, designate Gen 22:2; Gen 22:3; Gen 43:27; Gen 43:29; Exod 32:13; Num 14:40; 1Sam 10:16; 1Sam 16:3; 2Sam 6:22; Neh 6:19 compare Ps 139:20 יֹמְרוּךָ לִמְזִמָּה speak of thee for falsehood (but many, as Hup Pe Dy Che, read יַמְרוּךָ); = tell, declare, proclaim, (followed by direct object only) Ps 40:11; Ezek 13:7 in reply to question = answer Exod 12:27; Josh 4:7; 1Kgs 9:9; Jer 5:19; Jer 22:9. The object spoken of may be referred to by אֶל 2Kgs 19:32; Jer 22:18; Jer 27:19, or לְ Gen 20:13 אִמְרִי לִֹי say of me, etc. Deut 33:9; Judg 9:54; Isa 5:20; Ps 3:3; Ps 71:10, very rarely by a simple accusative Isa 3:10 (where read probably for אִמְרוּ, אַשְׁרֵי), except after אֲשֶׁר where the words used follow (compare אֲשֶׁר 4 d) Gen 3:17; Num 10:29; Num 14:31; Deut 28:68; Judg 7:4; 1Sam 9:17; 1Sam 9:23b 1Kgs 8:29; Lam 4:20 compare Num 21:16; 2Kgs 17:12; 2Kgs 21:4, & (two extreme cases) Isa 8:12; Lam 2:15 (see DrSm i. 24, 5); ֶ˜האָמוּר Mic 2:7 read infinitive absolute with ה interrogative הֶאָמוֺר (see above) shall one say ? shall it be said ? After another verb of saying, introducing thing said: Deut 21:7; Deut 25:9; Deut 27:15; Song 2:10 +, even after אמר Gen 22:7; Lev 21:1; Jer 34:2; Esth 7:5 +; especially infinitive לֵאמֹר, after דבר Gen 8:15, צוה Gen 2:16, ענה Gen 44:16, ברך Gen 1:22, נשׁבע Gen 24:7, נדר Gen 28:20, etc.; after אמר 2Sam 3:18; 1Kgs 12:23; Ruth 4:4; 1Chr 21:18 +; after שׁלח 2Chr 35:21, שׁוּב Gen 32:7 compare also Gen 28:6; Gen 9:5; Gen 13:8; Gen 17:4; Deut 13:7; Judg 8:15; 1Sam 23:2; 1Kgs 13:3; Jer 32:3; Jer 37:9 +; also when subject of לֵאמֹר differs from that of pre-ceding clause Gen 31:1; Gen 38:13; Gen 38:24 etc.; after שׁמע Isa 37:9 = 2Kgs 19:9.

2. Say in the heart (= think) בלבב ׳א Deut 8:17 compare 1Kgs 12:26; Ps 10:6; Ps 10:11; Ps 10:13; Ps 14:1; Ps 35:25; Isa 14:13; Isa 47:8; Isa 47:10; Isa 49:21; Eccl 2:1; Eccl 2:15; Eccl 3:17; Eccl 3:18 לִלְבָבָם ׳א Hos 7:2 אֶללִֿבּוֺ ׳א Gen 8:21 said unto his heart (to himself), subject ׳י, compare 1Sam 27:1 אָֽמְרָה נַפֲשִׁי Lam 3:24 thence ׳א alone Gen 20:11; Gen 26:9; Num 24:11; Ruth 4:4; 1Sam 20:26; 2Sam 5:6; 2Sam 12:22; 2Kgs 5:11 followed by clause with כִּי Judg 15:2 in particular = desire מַהתּֿאֹמַר נַפְשְׁךָ 1Sam 20:4 compare Esth 2:13 followed by infinitive = purpose, Exod 2:14 thinkest thou to kill me, as thou killedst the Egyptian ? Josh 22:33; 1Sam 30:6; 1Kgs 5:19; 2Chr 28:10; 2Chr 28:13 expect 2Sam 21:16 he expected to slay David 2Chr 13:8; 2Chr 32:1.

3. Promise (followed by infinitive) 1Chr 27:23; 2Chr 21:7; Esth 4:7 (id. + ל of person) 2Kgs 8:19; Neh 9:15 (followed by accusative of direct object + ל of person + infinitive of purpose) Neh 9:23.

4. Command (especially late) followed by אֶלֿ of per-son addressed, Num 15:38; 1Chr 21:18 followed by ל Josh 11:9; 2Sam 16:11; 2Kgs 4:24; Job 9:7; Ps 106:34 (see below אֲשֶׁר 8 e); followed by infinitive 1Sam 24:11; 1Chr 21:17; 2Chr 1:18; 2Chr 29:27; 2Chr 29:30; 2Chr 31:11; 2Chr 35:21; Esth 1:17; Esth 4:13; Esth 4:15; Esth 6:1; Esth 9:14 followed by infinitive + ל of pers, 2Chr 14:3; 2Chr 29:21; 2Chr 31:4; followed by accusative direct object 2Chr 29:24 the king commanded the burnt-offering and the sin-offering, compare 1Kgs 5:20; Esth 2:15 followed by clause with אשׁר = that Neh 13:19 id. + ל of person vNeh 13:22 followed by clause with כִּי Job 36:10 absolute 1Sam 16:16 (read however probably יאמרו for יאמר, compare Dr); also Ps 105:31; Ps 105:34; Ps 107:25; 1Chr 14:12; 2Chr 24:8; Neh 13:9; Neh 13:19 (all followed by verb consecutive); command by letter עִםהַֿסֵּפֶר ׳א Esth 9:25 (followed by imperfect); appoint, assign לוֺ ׳לֶחֶם א 1Kgs 11:18 = threaten followed by infinitive Deut 9:25; Ps 106:23. Niph`al Perfect נֶאֱמַר Dan 8:26 Imperfect יֵאָמֵר Gen 22:14 +; יֵאָ֫מֶר לוֺ Isa 4:3 יֵאָמַ֑ר Gen 10:9 +; וַיֵּאָמַ֑ר Josh 2:2 be said, told Gen 10:9; Gen 22:14; Ps 87:5; Jer 4:11; Jer 16:14 (all absolute, indefinite subject, of current saying); so said in a book Num 21:14 be related, told, of vision Dan 8:26 said, told to (followed by ל indirect object) Josh 2:2; Hos 2:1 (twice in verse); Zeph 3:16 either so, or told concerning Num 23:23; Ezek 13:12 (אֶלֿ); יֵאָמֵר לָכֶם = ye shall be called (it shall be said to you) Isa 61:6 (|| תִּקָּרְאוּ), compare Isa 4:3; Isa 19:18; Isa 32:5 (|| יִקָּרֵא ל) Isa 62:4 (twice in verse); hence be called, of Tophet לֹאיֵֿאָמֵר עוֺד הַתֹּפֶת Jer 7:32 subject שֵׁם Gen 32:29; Job 34:31 כִּי אֶלאֵֿל הֶאָמַר, Rabb (compare AV) treat הֵאָמַר as Niph`al Infinitive for לְהֵאָמֵר, but against grammar; the form as it stands is Qal Perfect, אֶלאֵֿל being prefixed to the interrogative for emphasis (compare Jer 22:15; Jer 23:26; Neh 13:27), see Dr§ 9 Di and others; Hoffm., however, reads הֵאָמֵר infinitive absolute = imperative 'so must one speak (it be spoken) to God.' Hiph`il Perfect avow, avouch Deut 26:17 הֶאֱמַרְתָּ הַיּוֺם לִהְיוֺת לְךָ לֵאלֹהִים ׳אֶתיֿ; vDeut 26:18 ׳וי הֶאֱמִירְךָ היום להיות לוֺ לְעַם (literally cause to declare, i.e. through agency of Moses; on this & other interpretations see Di). Hithpa`el Imperfect יִתְאַמְּרוּ Ps 94:4 subject כָּלפֹּֿעֲלֵי אָ֑וֶן act proudly, boast (|| יַבִּיעוּ יְדַבְּרוּ עָתָק probably also 2 masculine plural תִּתְיַמָּ֑רוּ Isa 61:6 (in good sense, followed by בְּ of thing gloried in) ᵑ6 ᵑ9 ᵑ7 & compare ᵐ5; GesComm. so De Che Köi. 457 f. (from [ימר] exchange Thes Hi Kn Ew Di; but see ימר, מור).

BDB9309 H560 H559

BDB9308 | BIBLICAL ARAMAIC | BDB9310

אֲמַר71 verb say, tell, command (Biblical Hebrew אָמַר); —

Pe Perfect 3 masculine singular ׳א Dan 2:12 +, אֲמַ֑ר Dan 7:1 3 feminine singular אֲמֶ֫רֶר Dan 5:10 (K§ 38, 1 a); 1 singular אַמְרֵת Dan 4:5 1 plural אֲאַ֫רְנָא Dan 5:4; Dan 5:9, etc.; Imperfect 3 masculine singular יֵאמַר (K§ 41) Dan 2:7 +; 2 masculine plural תֵּאמְרוּן Jer 10:11, etc.; Imperative masculine singular אֱמַר Jer 2:4 +; masculine plural אֱמַרוּ Jer 2:9 Infinitive לְמֵאמַר vJer 2:9, לְמֵמַ֑ר Ezra 5:11 (K§ 41 a); Participle אְמַר Dan 2:5 + often, plural אָֽמְרִין Dan 3:4; Ezra 5:3 +; —
1. say (often in phrase answer and say): followed by oratio recta [direct speech] (only), Dan 2:7; Dan 2:10 + 13 t. Daniel; Ezra 5:11 + ל person Dan 2:5; Dan 3:14 + 14 t. Daniel [plural with indefinite subject for passive Dan 4:28], Ezra 5:15 + קְָדָס person Dan 2:9; Dan 5:17; Dan 6:13; Dan 6:14 + כֵּן Dan 4:11; Dan 7:23, כֵּן with ל person Ezra 5:8; Dan 2:24; Dan 2:25; Dan 6:7, compare Dan 7:5 + כְּנֵמָא with ל person Ezra 5:4; Ezra 5:9 + כִּדְנָךְ with ל person Jer 10:11 followed by accusative of thing + עַל person against whom Dan 3:29.
2. relate, tell: followed by accusative of thing Dan 4:6; Dan 4:15; Dan 7:1, + ל person Dan 2:4; Dan 2:9; Dan 2:7; Dan 7:16 (accusative of thing omitted), + קְָדָם person Dan 2:36; Dan 4:4; Dan 4:5.
3. command: followed by infinitive Dan 2:12; Dan 2:46 + 6 t. Daniel; followed by finite verb Dan 5:29; Dan 6:17; Dan 6:23 followed by ל person + or. rect. Dan 3:4 [pl. with indefinite subject, for passive, K§ 76 e, so Dan 4:23].

said, saying, saith, say, spake, …
ʾāmar
to say (used with great latitude)
  • to say, speak, utter
    • (Qal) to say, to answer, to say in one's heart, to think, to command, to promise, to intend
      • "(Niphal) to be told, to be said, to be called"(Hithpael) to boast, to act proudly"(Hiphil) to avow, to avouch

אָר֣וּר
אָר֣וּר
Root word cursed, curse, curseth, bitterly, cursest
Dictionary form: אָרַר · aw-RAHR

Verb — Qal, Participle Passive, masculine singular, absolute state simple action — "he did" a settled state — try "___ed"

In the KJV here: cursed
cursed ×30 curse ×6 that causeth the curse ×6 and cursed ×3 are cursed ×2 and curse him ×1 art cursed ×1 but cursed ×1
More options
curse — Most versatile; fits narrative, legal, and poetic contexts.
invoke a curse on — Emphasizes the ritual or speech-act dimension.
place under a curse — Highlights the resulting state; good for legal passages.
condemn — Broader register; useful when curse feels too supernatural.
doom — Conveys finality and divine judgment; vivid in prophetic texts.
execrate — Formal/literary; fits solemn covenantal or liturgical contexts.

BDB782 H779

BDB781 | BIBLICAL HEBREW | BDB783

[אָרַר] verb curse (Assyrian arâru ZimBP 68; on relation of meanings bind & curse in Assyrian see DlPr 101) —

Qal Perfect וְאָרוֺתִ֫י, אָרוֺתִיהָ Mal 2:2 Imperfect 2 masculine singular תָּאֹר Exod 22:27; Num 22:6; Num 22:12 אָאֹר Gen 12:3 Imperative אָ֫רָהֿ Num 22:6; Num 23:7 אוֺרוּ, אֹרוּ & Infinitive absolute אָרוֺר all Judg 5:23 Participle אֹרֲרֵי Job 3:8 אֹרֲרֶיךָ Gen 27:29; Num 24:9 אָרוּר Gen 3:14 + 36 t. etc.; — curse || בֵּרֵךְ bless, chiefly in poetic & legal sources of J E D & later imitations: Gen 12:3; Gen 27:29 (J) Num 22:6; Num 22:12; Num 23:7; Num 24:9 (E) Exod 22:27 (E) Mal 2:2 אֹרוּ אָרוֺר ישְׁבֶיהָ = curse for ever her inhabitants Judg 5:23 אֹרֲרֵי יוֺם cursers of the day (magicians whose imprecations made days unlucky) Job 3:8. Passive participle אָרוּר, chiefly as exclamation, || בָּרוּךְ Gen 3:14; Gen 3:17; Gen 4:11; Gen 9:25; Gen 27:29; Gen 49:7; Num 22:12; Num 24:9 (E, poetry) Deut 27:15-26; Judg 21:18; Judg 1:24; Judg 14:28; Judg 26:29; Jer 11:3; Jer 17:5; Jer 20:14; Jer 20:15; Jer 48:10 (twice in verse); Mal 1:14 אֲרוּרִים הַשֹּׁגִים מִמִּצְוֺתֶיךָ cursed be those who wander from thy commands Ps 119:21 (ᵐ5 ᵑ6 Jerome De Ri), הָאֲרוּרָה הַזּאֹת this cursed woman 2Kgs 9:34. Niph`al Participle נֵאָרִים cursed Mal 3:9. Pi`el 3 masculine singular suffix אֵרֲרָהּ curse, lay under a curse Gen 5:29 (J); Participle הַמַּיִם הַמְאָרֲרִים the curse-bringing waters Num 5:18-27 (P 6 t. waters destroying the perjured adulteress drinking them). Hoph`al Imperfect יוּאָ֑ר be cursed Num 22:6 (E).

cursed, curse, curseth, bitterly, cursest
ʾārar
to execrate
  • to curse
    • (Qal)
      • to curse
        • "cursed be he (participle used pr in curses)
      (Niphal) to be cursed, cursed"(Piel) to curse, lay under a curse, put a curse on"(Hophal) to be made a curse, be cursed

הָ ֠אִישׁ
הָ
Prefix — article the
֠אִישׁ
Root word man, men, one, husband, mans, …
Dictionary form: אִישׁ · eesh

Noun — Common, masculine singular, absolute state

In the KJV here: be the man
man ×241 men ×209 a man ×163 every man ×120 the men ×118 the man ×107 every one ×81 one ×57
More options
man — Default singular; covers most direct references to an adult male.
person — Gender-neutral; prefer when context stresses individuality over sex.
husband — Use specifically in marriage or household relationship contexts.
someone — Indefinite pronoun; suits partitive or existential constructions.
everyone — Distributive sense; fits 'each/every man' idioms.
fellow — Informal register; good for relational or contemptuous contexts.

BDB389 H376 H381 H382

BDB388 | BIBLICAL HEBREW | BDB390

אִישׁ2166 noun masculine man ( = vir) (MI, SI, Phoenician אש, perhaps also Sabean אסם compare Prätl.c, but DHMZMG 1883, 330) — ׳א absolute Gen 2:23 +; construct Gen 25:27 +; suffix אִישִׁי Gen 29:32 +, etc.; plural אִישִׁים Ps 141:4 + 2 t. (Phoenician אשם); usually אֲנָשִׁים Gen 12:20 +, from √ אנשׁ q. v.; construct אַנְשֵׁי Judg 6:27 +; suffix אֲנָשַׁי 1Sam 23:12 etc.; — man, opposed to woman Gen 2:23; Gen 2:24; Lev 20:27; Num 5:6; Deut 17:2f; Josh 6:21; Josh 8:25; Jer 40:7, emphasis on sexual distinction & relation Gen 19:8; Gen 24:16; Gen 38:25; Exod 22:15; Lev 15:16 (שִׁכְבַת זָרַ֑ע) vLev 15:18 (וְאִשָּׁה ׳זֿ׳אֲשֶׁר יִשְׁכַּב אִישׁ אֹתָהּ שׁ) Lev 20:10 f; Num 5:13f; Deut 22:22f; Isa 4:1 +; thence = husband, especially with suffix Gen 3:6; Gen 3:16; Gen 16:3; Gen 29:32; Gen 29:34; Lev 21:7; Num 30:7f; Deut 28:56; Judg 13:8f; Ruth 1:3f; 1Sam 25:19; Jer 29:6; Ezek 16:45 +; figurative of ׳י as husband of Israel אִישִׁי Hos 2:18 (opposed to בַּעְלִּי); man as procreator, father Eccl 6:3 of male child Gen 4:1 compare זֶרַע אֲנָשִׁים 1Sam 1:11 man, opposed to beast Exod 11:7; Lev 20:15 (compare אָדָם); compare figurative Ps 22:7 but also of male of animals Gen 7:2 (twice in verse) (אִישׁ וְאִשְׁתּוֺ); man, opposed to God Gen 32:29; Num 23:19 לֹא אִישׁ אֵל וִיכַזֵּב (|| וּבֶןאָֿדָם וְיִתְנֶחָ֑ם); Job 9:32; Job 32:13; Hos 11:9 compare Isa 31:8; Job 12:10 (רוּחַ כָּלבְּֿשַׂר אִישׁ); hence in phrases to denote ordinary, customary, common שֵׁבֶט אֲנָשִׁים 2Sam 7:14 (|| נִגְעֵי בְּנֵי אָדָם); לֶחֶם אֲנָשִׁים Ezek 24:17; Ezek 24:22 [

**אֲנָשִׁים Ezek 24:17; Ezek 24:22 is textual error; We (apparently Sm) אֲנֻשִׁים; ToyHpt אוֺנִים (Hos 9:4).] (compare Isa 8:1); אַמַּתאִֿישׁ Deut 3:11 but also contracted אָדָם Ps 49:3; Ps 62:10 man, as valiant 1Sam 4:9 (twice in verse) (וִהְיוּ לַאֲנָשִׁים) so 1Kgs 2:2 compare 1Sam 26:15 so אִישׁ חַיִל 1Sam 31:12; 2Sam 24:9; 1Kgs 1:42 +; also אִישׁ מִלְחָמָה Num 31:49; Deut 2:14; Deut 2:16; Josh 5:4; Josh 5:6 +; even of ׳י Exod 15:3 יהוה אִישׁ מִלְחָמָה; often prefixed to other nouns in apposition אָדוֺן ׳א Gen 42:30; Gen 42:33, שַׂר וְשֹׁפֵט ׳א Exod 2:14, כֹּהֵן ׳א Lev 21:9, סָרִיס ׳א Jer 38:7 particular before adjective, of a people אִישׁ מִצְרִי Gen 39:1; Exod 2:11; Exod 2:19 compare Gen 37:28; Gen 38:1; Gen 38:2; Gen 39:14; 1Sam 17:12; 1Sam 30:11; 1Sam 30:13 +; a man as resident in, or belonging to a place or people Num 25:6; Judg 10:1 + (so Phoenician); usually plural אַנְשֵׁי יִשְׂרָאֵל 1Sam 7:11; 1Sam 31:7 (twice in verse) compare Josh 7:4; Josh 7:5 +; also singularcollective Deut 27:14; Josh 9:6; Josh 9:7; Judg 20:11; 1Sam 11:8 (see Dr) +; 2Sam 10:6; 2Sam 10:8 (טוֺב ׳א); (so MI10; MI13); men = retainers, followers, soldiers 1Sam 18:27; 1Sam 23:3 f 1Sam 24:3; 1Sam 25:13 + compare Deut 33:8 singular collective see Di; אִישׁ אֱלֹהִים man of God = prophet Deut 33:1; Josh 14:6; 1Sam 9:6f; 1Kgs 12:13f + (see אלהים); in phrase followed by abstract אִישׁ חַיִל, מִלְחָמָה ׳א see above; שֵׂיבָה ׳א Deut 32:25, הַדָּמִים ׳א 2Sam 16:7 compare see 8, הַבְּלִיַּעַל ׳א 2Sam 16:7, מָוֶת ׳א 1Kgs 2:26, חָמָס ׳א Ps 140:12; Prov 3:31 +; followed by word of occupation, etc. שָׂדֶה׳א Gen 25:27, הָאֲדָמָה׳א Gen 9:20 (compare Zech 13:5), ׳א הַבֵּנַיִם champion 1Sam 17:4 (compare Dr) v1Sam 17:23, בְּשׂרָה ׳א 2Sam 18:20, אִישׁ עֲצָתוֺ his counsellor Isa 40:13, compare אִישׁ חֶרְמִי 1Kgs 20:42, רֵעִים ׳א Prov 18:24 often distributive = each, every Gen 9:5; Gen 10:5; Gen 40:5 (twice in verse); Exod 12:3 +; including women Job 42:11; 1Chr 16:3 וַיְחַלֵּק לְכָלאִֿישׁ יִשְׂרָאֵל מֵאִישׁ וְעַד אִשָּׁה לְאִישׁ כִּכַּרלֶֿחֶם; of inanimate things 1Kgs 7:30; 1Kgs 7:36 also אִישׁ אִישׁ Exod 36:4; Num 4:19; Num 4:49; Ezek 14:4; Ezek 14:7 +; any one Exod 34:3 (twice in verse); Exod 34:24 +; also אִישׁ אִישׁ Lev 15:2; Lev 22:4; Lev 22:18 +; of gods 2Kgs 18:33 = Isa 36:18 one...another וְהִרְגוּ אִישֿׁ אֶתאָֿחִיו וְאִישׁ אֶתרֵֿעֵהוּ וְאִישׁ אֶתקְֿרֹבוֺExod 32:27, אִישׁ ֗֗֗ אָחִיו Deut 1:16; Mic 7:2 (see אָח), אִישׁרֵ֗֗֗עֵהוּ Gen 11:3; Gen 11:7 + (see רֵעַ) of inanimate things Gen 15:10.

man, men, one, husband, mans, …
ʾîš
a man as an individual or a male person; often used as an adjunct to a more definite term (and in such cases frequently not expressed in translation)
  • man
    • man, male (in contrast to woman, female)
      • "husband"human being, person (in contrast to God)"servant"mankind"champion"great man
    whosoever"each (adjective)

אֲשֶׁר
אֲשֶׁר
Particle who, which, that
Dictionary form: אֲשֶׁר · uh-SHER

Particle — Relative

In the KJV here: that
which ×1561 that ×1524 as ×311 whom ×202 who ×88 where ×84 whither ×70 whose ×69
More options
that — Most versatile; works as relative pronoun or conjunction.
which — Prefer for non-personal antecedents and formal register.
who — Use when antecedent is a person or personal being.
where — Use when introducing a place or locative clause.
when — Use when introducing a temporal clause.
because — Use when אֲשֶׁר introduces a causal clause.

BDB3871 H834

BDB3870 | BIBLICAL HEBREW | BDB3872

כַּאֲשֶׁר conjunction according as, as, when (compare for the combined Aramaic כְּדִי, כַּד) —

1. according to that which, according as, as:
  a. Gen 34:12 I will give כאשׁר תאמרו אלי according as ye shall (or may) say unto me, Gen 44:1; Exod 8:23; Num 22:8; 1Sam 2:16; Gen 34:22 if we are circumcised כאשׁר הם נמולים; Gen 41:21 כאשׁר בתחלה as at the beginning, so ׳כ בראשׁונה Josh 8:5; Josh 8:6; 2Sam 7:10; Exod 5:13 ׃כאשׁר בהיות התבן Gen 7:9 they came in two by two כאשׁר צוה אלהִים, as God commanded Noah; so, or similarly, very often, especially in P, vGen 7:16; Gen 8:21; Gen 12:4; Gen 17:23; Gen 21:1 (twice in verse); Exod 16:24; Exod 39:1; Exod 39:5; Exod 39:7; Num 3:16; Num 3:42 etc.; ׳כאשׁר דבר י Deut 1:21; Deut 2:1; Deut 6:3; Deut 6:19 + often Deuteronomy.
  b. answered, for increased emphasis, by כֵּן (compare כְּ 2 d), Gen 50:12 ויעשׂו כן כאשׁר צִוָּם, Exod 7:10; Exod 7:20; Gen 18:5 (J) כן חעשׂח כאשׁר דברת, Exod 10:10 (iron.), Amos 5:14 (do.); in opposed to order, Judg 1:7 כאשׁר עשׂיתי, כן שׁלם לי, Exod 7:6 כן עשׂו ׳כאשׁר צוה י, compare Exod 12:28; Exod 12:50; Exod 39:43; Num 5:4; Num 17:26; Num 36:10 (all P); with imperfect (frequently) Num 2:17 (P) כאשׁר יחנו כן יסעו; of degree = the more. . . the more, Exod 1:12 וכאשׁר יענּו אתו כן ירבה וכן יפרץ, compare Exod 17:11 (JE) ׳והיה כאשׁר יריםו֗֗֗גבר ישׁר according as he held up, etc., Israel prevailed; in an oath or solemn promise, Num 14:28 אם לא כאשׁר דברתם כן אעשׂה, Deut 28:63 (Jer 31:28), 1Kgs 1:30; Isa 10:11; Isa 14:24; Isa 52:14f. (see כֵּן 2 b).
  c. answered by וַ (Dr§ 127 γ) Exod 16:34; Num 1:19.
  d. often in similes (followed by imperfect of habit) Exod 33:11 כאשׁר ידבר אישׁ אל רעהו, Num 11:12; Deut 1:44; Isa 9:2; Isa 66:20 +, answered by כֵּן Isa 31:4; Isa 55:10; Isa 66:22; Amos 3:12 +; a second verb is, in such cases, in the perfect with וְ consecutive (Dr§ 115) Deut 22:26; Isa 29:8 כאשׁר יחלםו֗֗֗הקיץ, Isa 65:8; Amos 5:19.
  e. הָיָה כַּאֲשֶׁר (compare הָיָה כְּ) to be as if, Job 10:19 כאשׁר לא הייתי אהיה, Zech 10:6 והיו כאשׁר לא זנחתים.
2. with a casual force, in so far as, since (German demgemäss dass), Gen 26:29 if thou doest us no harm כאשׁר לא נגענוך according as, in so far as, we have not touched thee; Num 27:14 כאשׁר מריתם פי inasmuch as ye have defied my mouth, Judg 6:27; 1Sam 28:18 (answered by על כן), 2Kgs 17:26; Mic 3:4.
3. with a temporal force, when, Gen 18:33 and Y. went away כאשׁר כלה when he had finished, etc., Gen 32:3; Gen 32:32; 1Sam 8:6; 2Sam 12:21 +; answered by וַּ (Dr§ 127 β), 1Sam 6:6; 1Sam 12:8 ויהי כאשׁר֗֗ and it came to pass, when . . . Gen 12:11; Gen 20:13; Gen 24:22; Gen 24:52; Exod 32:19 + often; Gen 43:14 כאשׁר שׁכלתי שׁכלתי when I am bereaved, I am bereaved ! an expression of resignation, so Esth 4:16 כאשׁר אבדתי אבדתי. Josh 2:7 אחרי כאשׁר is a 'conflate' reading, omit either אחרי or כ. Of future time, Gen 27:40; Gen 40:14 כאשׁר ייטב לך, Hos 7:12; Eccl 4:17; Eccl 5:3, and without a verb Isa 23:5 כאשׁר שׁמע למצרים. — Mic 3:3 כאשׁר is simply as that which, Job 29:25 as one who.

BDB6202 H3282 H834 H3588

BDB6201 | BIBLICAL HEBREW | BDB6203

יַעַן96 properly substantive, purpose, intention, but always used as preposition or conjunction, on account of, because (for יַעֲנֶה, of the form יִצְהָר etc., Sta§ 259 Köii. 403; compare mean, intend): —

1. as preposition, rarely with a substantive, Ezek 5:9 יַעַן תּוֺעֲבוֺתֵיכֶם, Hag 1:9 יַעַן מָה, vHag 1:9 יַעַן בֵּיתִי; with a participle Ezek 36:13 יען אמרים because of men saying to you (but read probablyאָמְרָם, Co Toy Berthol); frequently with infinitive with, 1Kgs 21:20 יַעַן הִתְמַכֶּרְךָ on account of thy having sold thyself, Amos 5:11; Isa 30:12; Isa 37:29 (= 2Kgs 19:28) יַעֵן הִתְרַגֶּזְךָ אֵלַי, Jer 5:14; Jer 7:13; Jer 23:38; Jer 48:7, and often. (c. 18 t.) in Ezek., as Jer 5:7 (read יַעַן הַמְ˜רֹתְכֶם), Jer 13:8; Jer 13:22; Jer 25:3; Jer 25:6; Jer 25:8; Jer 25:12.

2. As conjunction:
  a. יַעַן אֲשֶׁר (32 t.), usually with perfect, as Gen 22:16 יען אשׁר עשׂית זאת because that thou hast done this, Deut 1:36 (Josh 14:14), Judg 2:20; 1Sam 30:22; 1Kgs 3:11; 1Kgs 8:18; Jer 19:4; Jer 25:8; Jer 29:23 (not Isaiah) +; with imperfect (in frequent. sense) Ezek 44:12.
  b. יַען כִּי, Num 11:20 ׳יַעַן כִּי מְאַסְתֶּם אֶתיֿ, 1Kgs 13:21; 1Kgs 21:29; Isa 3:16; Isa 7:5; Isa 8:6; Isa 29:13.
  c. יַעַן alone (23 t.), with perfect Num 20:12 יַעַן לֹא הֶאֱמַנְתֶּם בִּי, 1Sam 15:23; 1Kgs 14:13; 1Kgs 20:42; 2Kgs 22:19; Hos 8:1; Isa 61:1; Isa 65:12; Isa 66:4 with imperfect (frequently) Ezek 34:21 of the future Ezek 12:12 because he shall not see, etc., (but ᵐ5 Co Kau Berthol לְמַעַן אשׁר לא יֵרָאֶה לָעַיִן): usually the verb follows immediately, but Ezek. sometimes puts the object first for emphasis, Ezek 5:11 יַעַן אֶתמִֿקְדָּשִׁי טִמֵּאתָ, Ezek 20:16; Ezek 20:24; Ezek 36:6, compare Ezek 34:21.

3. יַעַן וּבְיַעַן, q.d. because and by the cause (that), followed by perhaps, Lev 26:43 (H) יען וביען בְּמִשְׁפָּטַי מָאָ֔סוּ, Ezek 13:10 יַעַן בְּיַעַז followed by infinitive, Ezek 36:3. (In all, reckoning יען (ו)ביען once each, 93 t., of which 20 are in 1-2 Kings, 11 in Jeremiah, 38 in Ezekiel; and only 9 in Genesis—2Samuel.)

BDB6204 H4616 H834 H4617

BDB6203 | BIBLICAL HEBREW | BDB6205

[מַ֫עַן] substantive purpose, intent, only with לְ, in לְמַ֫עַן271 preposition and conjunction for the sake of, on account of, to the intent or in order that (abbreviated from מַעֲנֶה: compare מַ֫עַל; Köii. 116); — with suffix לְמַעֲנִי, לְמַעַנְךָ, and לְמַעַנְכֶם; —

1. preposition: —
  a. Gen 18:24 wilt thou ... not spare the place למען חמשׁים הציקים for the sake of the 50 righteous? Deut 30:6 חַיֶּיךָ ׳ל for thy life's sake, 1Kgs 8:41 the foreigner who comer from afar שְׁמֶ֑ךָ ׳ל, Isa 43:14 לְמַעַנְכֶם שִׁלַּחְתִּי בָבֶ֫לָה, Isa 45:4; Isa 62:1 ציון ׳ל, Isa 63:17 עבדיך ׳ל, Isa 65:8; Ezek 36:22 (twice in verse); Job 18:4; Ps 122:8; Ps 122:9 (׳עַבְדִּי ד) לְמַעַן דָּוִד, i.e. for the sake of David's memory, and the promises given to him, 1Kgs 11:12; 1Kgs 11:13; 1Kgs 11:32; 1Kgs 11:34; 1Kgs 15:4; 2Kgs 8:19; 2Kgs 19:34 (= Isa 37:35), Isa 20:6 (all D2); לְמַעֲנִי (of ׳י) for my own sake, i.e. to vindicate my name, 2Kgs 19:34 (= Isa 37:35), 2Kgs 20:6; Isa 43:25; Isa 48:11 לְמַעֲנִי לְמַעֲנִי אֶעֲשֶׁה, so לְמַעַנְךָ Dan 9:19, אֲדֹנָי ׳ל vDan 9:17 ׳י is said (or entreated) to act (שִׁמְךָ, שְׁמִי) לְמַעַן שְׁמוֺ i.e. to maintain his reputation, or character, Ps 23:3; Ps 25:11; Ps 31:4; Ps 79:9; Ps 106:8; Ps 143:11; Jer 14:7; Jer 14:21; Ezek 20:9; Ezek 20:14; Ezek 20:22; Ezek 20:44; Isa 48:9 simile חַסְדְּךָ ׳ל (i.e. to maintain it consistently) Ps 6:5; Ps 44:27, טוּבְךָ ׳ל Ps 25:7, צִדְקוֺ ׳ל Isa 42:21.


  b. In view of, on account of (but not expressing causation distinctly, like מִן 2 f, or מִפְּנֵי), Deut 3:26 בי לְמַעַנְכֶם ׳ויתעבר י on your account, 1Kgs 11:39 זֹאת ׳ל in view of this, שׁוֺרֲרַי ׳ל on account of my watchful foes, Ps 5:9; Ps 27:11, צורריך ׳ל Ps 8:3, simil. Ps 69:19; Ps 48:12 (Ps 97:8) משׁפטיך ׳ישמח הר ציון ֗֗֗ ל in view of thy judgments.


  c. Sq. infinitive Gen 18:19 ׳לְמַעַן הָבִיא י for the purpose of J.'s bringing = to the intent that J. might bring, Gen 37:22 הַצִּיל ׳ל in order to rescue, Gen 50:20; Exod 1:11; Exod 9:16; Exod 10:1, etc., Deut 2:30; Deut 6:28, etc., 2Kgs 10:19; Jer 7:10; Jer 7:18; Jer 11:5; Jer 50:34 (on הִרגיע, see עַד 2 a b), Ezek 14:5; Ezek 21:5; Ezek 22:6 etc., Ezek 36:5, + often (Köiii.595 f.). Once, pleonastic, לְמַעַן לָמוּג לֵב Ezek 21:20 (compare כַּעֲבוּר לְ 1Chr 19:3 but read probably הִמּוֺג).

2. conjunction (followed by imperfect): —
  a. לְמַעַן אֲשֶׁר Gen 18:19 I have known him אשׁר יְצַוֶּה ׳ל to the end that he might command, etc., Deut 27:3; Josh 3:4; 2Sam 13:5; Jer 42:6 more often
  b. without אשׁר, as Gen 12:13 לְמַעַן יִיטַב לִי, Gen 27:25; Exod 4:5 יאמינו ׳ל, Exod 8:6; Exod 8:18; Exod 9:29; Exod 10:2; Isa 5:19; Isa 23:16; Ps 9:15; Ps 30:13; Ps 48:14 + often (Köiii.571).


  c. Sq. לֹא (a) אשׁר לֹא ׳ל Num 17:5; Deut 20:18; Ezek 31:14; Ezek 36:30; Ezek 46:18 (b) לֹא ׳ל Ezek 14:11; Ezek 19:9; Ezek 25:10; Ezek 26:20; Zech 12:7; Ps 119:11; Ps 119:80; Ps 125:3 (Köiii.574. Less common than לְבִלְתִּי or מִן with infinitive, or פֶּןֿ).

Note
1. — לְמַעַן is always in order that, never merely so that ἐκβατικῶς); but sometimes, in rhetorical passages, the issue of a line of action, though really undesigned, is represented by it ironically as if it were designed: Deut 29:18 (see Dr) ׳סְפוֺת וגו ׳וְהִתְבָּרֵךְ כִּלְבָבוֺ ֗֗֗ ל and he congratulate himself ... in order to sweep away the moistened with the dry (i.e. to destroy all together), Isa 30:1; Isa 44:9 יֵבוֺשׁוּ ׳בל יראו ובל ידעו ל in orer that they may be put to shame, Jer 7:18 הַכְעִיסֵנִי ׳ל, vJer 7:19 בּשֶׁת פְנֵיהֶם ׳ל, Jer 27:10; Jer 27:15; Jer 32:29; Hos 8:4 their silver, etc., they have made into idols יִכָרֵת ׳ל in order that it may be cut off (of course, not the real purpose of the idolatry), Amos 2:7; Mic 6:16: compare Ps 51:6 (see Comn.) in order that thou mightest be just when thou judgest (that is, by manifesting thy justice in judgement on my sin). compare Qor 28:7 (FlKl. Schr. i. 397 f.).

Note 2. — In Josh 4:24 for the anomalous יְרָאתֶם ׳ל, read infinitive יִרְאָתָם ׳ל in order that they might fear (Dr§ 14 Obs.): Neh 6:13 לְמַעַן שָׂכוּר הוּא לְמַעַן אִירָא (si vera 1.) the first ׳ל points forwards, to this intent was he hired, to the intent that I should be afraid. — On Prov 16:4, see מַעֵנֶה above

BDB8356 H834 H7945 H4100

BDB8355 | BIBLICAL HEBREW | BDB8357

שֶׁ, also ( Gen 6:3 [? see 4 a], Judg 5:7 (twice in verse); Song 1:7; Job 19:29 [?]) שַּׁ , שָׁ in שָׁאַתָּה Judg 6:17, and שְׁ in שְׁהוּא Eccl 2:22, שְׁהֵם Eccl 3:18 (elsewhere before guttural שֶׁ, as שֶׁאֲנִי Song 1:6; Eccl 2:18, שֶׁאֵין Ps 146:3, שֶׁהֵם Song 6:5; Lam 4:9, שֶׁעַל Judg 7:12; Judg 8:26, שֶׁרּאֹשִׁי Song 5:2), relative particle who, which, that, etc. (constantly in Late Hebrew; Aramaic of Nerab, Ldzb371, 445; Assyrian sha; Phoenician אש (regularly), also sometimes ש (Ldzb227 f.): according to Ges Ew§ 181 b Olp. 439 Sta§ 176 e, abbreviated from אֲשֶׁר; more probably (Sperling [see אֲשֶׁר], Köii. 323 f.) an original demonstrative particle), synonym with אֲשֶׁר, but in usage limited to late Hebrew, and passages with north Palestinian colouring, namely Judg 5:7 (twice in verse) [אֲשֶׁר vJudg 5:27], Judg 6:17; Judg 7:12; Judg 8:26; 2Kgs 6:11 (see 4 c), Jonah 1:7; Jonah 1:12; Jonah 4:10 [אֲשֶׁר 11 t.], Ps 122:3; Ps 122:4; Ps 123:2; Ps 124:1; Ps 124:2; Ps 124:6; Ps 129:6; Ps 129:7; Ps 133:2; Ps 133:3; Ps 135:2; Ps 135:8; Ps 135:10; Ps 136:23; Ps 137:8; Ps 137:9; Ps 144:15; Ps 146:3; Ps 146:5; Lam 2:15; Lam 2:16; Lam 4:9; Lam 5:18; Ezra 8:20; 1Chr 5:20; 1Chr 27:27 Canticles (uniformly, except in title Song 1:1); Ecclesiastes (68 t.; אֲשֶׁא 89 t.); also (dubious) Gen 6:3; Gen 49:10 (שֶׁלֹּה ᵐ5 ᵑ6 ᵑ7), Job 19:29 and in the proper name (q. v.) מִישָׁאֵל and מְתוּשָׁאֵל. — In usage, שֶּׁ  is in the main parallel with אֲשֶׁר, namely

1. as pronoun who, which, whom, Judg 7:12 כַּהוֺל שֶׁעַל שְׂפַת הַיָּם (compare חוֺל c), Ps 122:3; Ps 124:6 etc.; him whom, that which, etc., Song 1:7; Song 3:1; 1Chr 27:27; Eccl 1:11; Eccl 6:3 וְרַב שֶׁיִּהְיוּ יְמֵי חַיָּיו and much (verb) is that which his days amount to (Hi De and others), vEccl 6:10 הוּא שֶּׁ  that which Eccl 1:9 (twice in verse); in the genitive, אַשְׁרֵי שֶּׁ  Ps 137:8; Ps 137:9; Ps 146:5. — On מַהשֶּּֿׁ  in Eccl = whatever, what, see מָה 1 e b.
2. as a connecting link; = where (compare אֲשֶׁר p. 81, and 4 b β), מְקוֺם שֶּׁ  Eccl 1:7; Eccl 11:3 (compare מְקוֺם אֲשֶׁר Gen 39:20 +: Ges«GKC:130c»§ 130c), whither Ps 122:4 (שֶׁשָּׁם ֗֗֗ ), when Song 8:8; Eccl 12:3 בַּיּוֺם שֶּׁ  (compare ib. 4 b a).
3.as a conjunction (compare אֲשֶׁר 8); —
  a. that, after רָאָה Eccl 2:13; Eccl 3:18, יָרַע Eccl 1:17; Eccl 2:14; Eccl 9:5; Job 19:19 (?), דִּבֶּר Eccl 2:15, אָמַר Eccl 8:14, עָשָׂה אוֺת Judg 6:17 as subject of sentence, Eccl 3:13; Eccl 5:15 also in the phrases, (a) what is ... that ? Song 5:9 (usually כִּי; see מָךְ 1 d b), מֶה הָיָה שֶּׁ  how comes it that ... ? Eccl 7:10
   (b) Song 3:4 כִּמְעַט שֶׁעָבַרְתּת מֵהֶם hardly (was it) that (German kaum dass) I had passed, etc., Eccl 7:14 עַל דִּדבְרַת שֶׁלּאֹ יִמְצָא to the intent that ..., Eccl 5:15 כָּלעֻֿמַּת שֶׁבֶּא exactly as ..., Eccl 12:9 תֵר שֶׁ besides that, עַד שֶּׁ  (עַד ּ Judg 5:7) until that Ps 123:2; Song 2:7; Song 2:17 + (see III. עַד II 1 a a and b; compare Late Hebrew Yoma Song 5:1), while Song 1:12 (ib. 2 d); עָשָׂהשֶּׁ  to make or cause that ..., Eccl 3:14 (compare Ezek 36:27).
  b. involving a reason (compare אֲשֶׁר 8 c), because, since, Song 1:6 (twice in verse); Song 5:2; Eccl 2:18 b. Hence שֵׁלָּמָה Song 1:7 since why ? = lest (see מָה 4 d b).
4. compounds:
  a. בְּשֶּׁ , i. q. בַּאֲשֶׁר c (p. 84a) in that, seeing that, Eccl 2:16 also (according to ᵑ0 ᵐ5 ᵑ6 Hu De) Gen 6:3 בְּשַׁגַּם הוּא בָשָׂר because that he also is flesh; but see שָׁגַג.
  b. ˜כּשֶּׁ , i. q. כַּאֲשֶׁר p. 455: — (a) according as Eccl 5:14; Eccl 12:7 (b) when (so often in Late Hebrew, as Ab Eccl 1:8 (3 t. in verse); Eccl 1:14) Eccl 9:12; Eccl 10:3.
  c. מִשֶּּׁ , i. q. מֵאֲשֶׁר a (p. 84:a), 2Kgs 6:12 מִי מִשֶּׁלָּנוּ who of those that are ours ? (but Klo KmpKau Benz מְגַלֵּנוּ who betrays us ? compare ᵐ5); Eccl 5:4 than that (compare מֵאֲשֶׁר Eccl 3:22), + Eccl 2:24 (read מִשֶּׁיּאֹכַל with Ew De, etc.; compare Eccl 3:22).
  d. שֶׁל, like אֲשֶׁרלְ (אֲשֶׁר 7 b), a mark of the genitive: thrice, adding slight emphasis to the suffix, Song 1:6 = Song 8:12 כַּרְמִי שֶׁלִּי my vineyard (literally my vineyard, which is mine), Song 3:7 מִטָּתוֺ שֶׁלִּשְׁלֹמֹה (so often in Late Hebrew, but without any special emphasis, as Aboth Song 1:12 הֲוֵי מתלמידיווּ שׁלאֿהרן be of Aaron's disciples, Song 2:1 שְׂכָרָן שֶׁלמִֿצְוֺת, vSong 2:2; Song 3:2 הֲוֵי מתפלל בשׁלומהּ שׁלמֿלכות; compare in Syriac, as Luke 6:42 my words, Nö§ 225). And with בְּ, בְּשֶׁל literally through that which belongs to or concerns, pleonastic for on account of (a late, unidiomatic translation of Aramaic בְּרִיל, from בְּ, דִּי, and לְ, as in Onk Gen 12:13 בדילי on my account, Gen 30:27; Gen 39:5 בְּדִיל יוֺסֵף, בְּדִיל מָא on account of what ? Judg 8:1; 2Sam 9:1; 1Kgs 11:12; 1Kgs 11:39, etc.), Jonah 1:7 בְּשֶׁלְּמִי on account of whom ? (|| vJonah 1:8 בַּאֲשֶׁר לְמִי; probably a gloss), vJonah 1:12 בְּשֶׁלִּי an account of me (ᵑ7 בְּדִיל מַן, בְּדִילִי); Eccl 8:17 בְּשֶׁל אֲשֶׁר יַעֲמֹל הָאָדָם לְבַקֵּשׁ on account of (the fact) that (= seeing that) man labours, etc. (unidiomatic translation of Aramaic בְּדִיל דְּ because that, as Gen 6:3 בְּדִיל דְּאִינוּן בִּסְרָא, Gen 39:9 בְּרִיל דְּאַתְּ אִיתְּתֵיהּ [for Hebrew בַּאֲשֶׁר אַתְּ אִשְׁתּוֺ]; Palmyrene בדיל די Ldzb233, — in Tariff Gen 1:4 (CookeN. Semitic Inscr. 320) = ἐπειδή).

[שֹׁא] see [ שׁוֺא].

BDB844 H834

BDB843 | BIBLICAL HEBREW | BDB845

אֲשֶׁר particle of relation (Moabite id.; origin dubious:

1. according to TsepreghiDiss. Lugd. p. 171 MühlauBö. Lb. ii. 79 n. StaMorg. Forsch. 1875, 188; Lb. § 167 HomZMG 1878, 708 ff. Müll§ 153 SayceHebraica. ii. 51 LagM. i. 255 & especially KraeHebraica. vi. 298 ff, originally a substantive 'place' = footstep, mark, (do.), אֲתַר, place, Assyrian ašru, used (see Kraetz.) both as a substantive 'there, where,' and as a relative of place 'where': in Hebrew this development has advanced further, and it has become a relative sign generally. The chief objection to this explanation is that it would isolate Hebrew from the other Semitic languages, in which pronouns are formed regularly from demonstrative roots (compare also NöZMG 1886, 738).
2. according to PhiSt. C. 73 SperlingNota Rel. im Hebr. 1876, 15-22 for אֲשֶׁל, developed from the relative שׁ (q. v.) by (1) the prefixing of either a merely prosthetic א, or, better, a pronominal א (giving rise to אש, the form of the relative in Phoenician), and (2) the addition of the demonstrative root ל [found also in אֵל, אֵלָּה, הַלָּזֶה (q. v.), he who, who (plural)]: the main objection to this explanation is the change of ל to ר, which is hardly rendered probable by the compare of Syriac by side of ᵑ7 הָלְכָּא. 1 seems preferable, the primitive root having acquired different significations in the different Semitic languages, and having been weakened in Hebrew to a mere particle of relation). A sign of relation, bringing the clause introduced by it into relation with an antecedent clause. As a rule אֲשֶׁר is a mere connecting link, and requires to be supplemented (see the grammars) by a pronominal affix, or other word, such as שָׁם, defining the nature of the relation more precisely: e.g. Gen 1:11 אֲשֶׁר זַרֵעוֺבֿוֺ literally as to which, its seed is in it = in which is its seed, Ps 1:4 like the chaff אֲשֶׁרתִּֿדְּפֶנּוּ רוּחַ as to which, the wind drives it = which the wind drives, etc.; & so אֲשֶׁרשָׁ֗֗֗ם = where, אֲשֶׁרמִ֗֗֗שָּׁם = whence, Gen 2:11; Gen 3:23; Gen 20:13 etc. Sometimes also (see below) the relation expressed by it is specifically temporal, local causal, etc. More particularly

1. it includes its pronominal antecedent, whether in the nominative or oblique cases, as Num 22:6 וַאֲשֶׁר תָּאֹר יוּאָר and he whom thou cursest is cursed, Exod 4:12 and I will teach thee אֲשֶׁר תְּדַבֵּר that which thou shalt say; and with particles or prepositions, as אֵת אֲשֶׁר (according to the context) him who . . ., those who . . ., that which . . .; לַאֲשֶׁר to him who . . . Gen 43:16, to those who . . . Gen 47:24, to that which Gen 27:8 מֵאֲשֶׁר Judg 16:30; 2Sam 18:18 than those whom; Lev 27:24 לַאֲשֶׁר קָנָהוּ מֵאִתּוֺ to him from whom he bought it, Num 5:7; Isa 24:2 כַּאֲשֶׁר נשֶׁא בוֺ like him against whom there is a creditor.
2. instances of אֲשֶׁר followed by a pronominal affix, or by שָׁם, שָֽׁמָּה, מִשָּׁם, are so common that the examples cited above will be sufficient. Very rarely there occurs the anomalous construction עִם אֲשֶׁר Gen 31:32 for אֲשֶׁר עִמּוֺ (see Gen 44:9), בַּאֲשֶׁר Isa 47:12 for אֲשֶׁר בָּהֶם, לַאֲשֶׁר for אֲשֶׁרלָ֗֗֗הֶם Ezek 23:40: Ps 119:49 see under על אשׁר. It is followed by the pronoun in the nominative, in the following cases: —
   (a) immediately, mostly before an adjective or participle, Gen 9:3 all moving things אֲשֶׁר הוּאחַֿי which are living, Lev 11:26; Num 9:13; Num 14:8; Num 14:27; Num 35:31; Deut 20:20; 1Sam 10:19 (see Dr) 2Kgs 25:19 (|| Jer 52:25 היה) Jer 27:9; Ezek 43:19; Hag 1:9; Ruth 4:15; Neh 2:18; Eccl 7:26 before a verb 2Kgs 22:13 (omitted 2Chr 34:21).
   (b) in a negative sentence, at the end: Gen 7:2; Gen 17:12; Num 17:5; Deut 17:15 אֲשֶׁר לֹא אָחִיךָ הוּא who is not thy brother, Deut 20:15; Judg 19:12; 1Kgs 8:41 || 1Kgs 9:20 ||.
N.B. Ps 16:3 אֲשֶׁר בָּאָרֶץ הֵ֑מָּה is an unparalleled expression for 'who are in the land'; read ׳אֲשֶׁר בָּאָ֑רֶץ הֵמָּה אַדִּירֵי וג 'the saints that are in the land, they (המה) are the nobles, in whom,' etc.
3. sometimes (though rarely) the defining adjunct is a pronoun of 1 or 2 person as well as of 3 person. In such cases it is strictly to be rendered I who . . ., thou who, etc.; Hos 14:4 אֲשֶׁרבְּֿךָ יְרֻחַם יָתוֺם thou by whom the fatherless is compassionated ! Jer 31:32 I, whose covenant they brake, Jer 32:19; Isa 49:23; Job 37:17f. thou whose garments are warm . . ., canst thou ? etc., Ps 71:19; Ps 71:20; Ps 144:12 we whose sons, etc., Ps 139:15 my frame was not hidden from thee, אֲ֯שֶׁרעֻֿשֵּׂיתִי בַסֵּתֶר I who was wrought in secret (= though I was wrought in secret), Exod 14:13 for ye who have seen the Egyptians to-day, — ye shall not see them again for ever! (compare Ps 41:9).
4. the defining pron. adjunct is dispensed with —
  a. when אֲשֶׁר represents the simple subject of a sentence, or the direct object of a verb: so constantly, as Gen 2:1 the work אֲשֶׁר עָשָׂה which he made, Gen 3:3 the tree אֲשֶׁר בְּתוֺךְ הַגָּן which is in the midst of the garden, etc.
  b. after words denoting time, place, or manner, so that אֲשֶׁר then becomes equivalent to when, where, why:
   (a) Gen 6:4 אַחֲרֵי כֵן אֲשֶׁר afterwards, when, etc. (compare 2Chr 35:20) Gen 45:6 there are still 5 years אֲשֶׁר אֵין חָרִישׁ when there shall be no plowing, Josh 14:10; 1Kgs 22:25 after יוֺם or הַיּוֺם Deut 4:10; Judg 4:14; 1Sam 24:5 (see Dr) 2Sam 19:25; Jer 20:14 and elsewhere; similarly Gen 40:13. (β) Gen 35:13 בַּמָּקוֺם אֲשֶׁר דִּבֶּר אִתּוֺ in the place where he spake with him, vGen 35:14; Gen 39:20; Num 13:27; Num 22:26; Deut 1:31 in the desert which thou sawest, where (accents Ke Di), Deut 8:15; 1Kgs 8:9 (unless לוּחוֺת הַבְּרִית has here fallen out: see ᵐ5 & Deut 9:9) Isa 55:11; Isa 64:10; Ps 84:4. So (γ) in אֶל אֲשֶׁר to (the place) which (or whither) Exod 32:34; Ruth 1:16 אֶלכָּֿלאֲֿשֶׁר to every (place) whither Josh 1:16; Prov 17:8 בַּאֲשֶׁר in (the place) where Judg 5:27; Judg 17:8; Judg 17:9; 1Sam 23:13; 2Kgs 8:1; Ruth 1:16; Ruth 1:17; Job 39:30, once only with שָׁם Gen 21:17 בְּכֹל אֲשֶׁר wheresoever Josh 1:7; Josh 1:9; Judg 2:15; 1Sam 14:47; 1Sam 18:5; 2Sam 7:7; 2Kgs 18:7 מֵאֲשֶׁר from (the place) where = whencesoever Exod 5:11; Ruth 2:9 עַלאֲֿשֶׁר to (the place) whither (or which) 2Sam 15:20; 1Kgs 18:12 עַלכָּֿלאֲֿשֶׁר Jer 1:7. (δ) זֶה הַדָּבָר אֲשֶׁר ֗֗֗ this is the reason that or why . . . Josh 5:4; 1Kgs 11:27.
  c. more extreme instances Lev 14:22; Lev 14:30; Lev 14:31; Num 6:21; Deut 7:19 (wherewith), Deut 28:20; 1Sam 2:32 (wherein), 1Kgs 2:26; Judg 8:15 (about whom), Isa 8:12 (where יאמר would be followed normally by לוֺ), Isa 31:6 turn ye to (him as to) whom they have deeply rebelled, Isa 47:15; Zeph 3:11; Eccl 3:9; 1Kgs 14:19 (= how).
  d. it is dispensed with only in appearance after ׅ׳אֲשֶׁר אָמַר (אָמַרְתִּי וג followed by the words used, its place being really taken by a pronoun in the speech which follows, as Gen 3:17 the tree as to which I commanded thee saying, Thou shalt not eat from it, Exod 22:8; Deut 28:68; Judg 7:4 (זֶה) Judg 8:15 (where the noun repeated takes the place of the pronoun, compare Deut 9:2) 1Sam 9:17 (זֶה):23 +; compare 2Sam 11:16; 2Kgs 17:12; 2Kgs 21:4.
5. אֲשֶׁר sometimes in poetry = one who, a man who (men who), ὅστις, οἵτινες, Ps 24:4; Ps 55:20; Ps 95:4; Ps 95:5; Job 4:19; Job 5:5; Job 9:5 (Hi) Job 15:17.
6. אֲשֶׁר occasionally receives its closer definition by a substantive following it, in other words, its logical antecedent is inserted in the relative clause:
   (a) in the phrase peculiar to Jeremiah, ׳אֶל יר ׳אֲשֶׁר הָיָה דְבַר י that which came (of) the word of ׳י to Jeremiah Jer 14:1; Jer 46:1; Jer 47:1; Jer 49:34 (compare Ew§ 334);
   (b) Exod 25:9; Num 33:4; 1Sam 25:30; 2Kgs 8:12; 2Kgs 12:6 לְכֹל אֲשֶׁריִֿמָּצֵא שָׁם בָּֽדֶק׃ Ezek 12:25 compare the Ethiopic usage Di§ 201;
   (c) (antecedant repeated) Gen 49:30 = Gen 50:13, 1Sam 25:30 (׳י repeated), Isa 54:9 (probably) as to which I sware that, etc., Amos 5:1 which I take up over you (as) a dirge.
7. ׳אֲשֶׁר ל that (belongs, belong, belonged) to, is used
  a. either alone or preceded by כָּלֿ to express (all) that (belongs) to, as Gen 14:23 מִכָּלאֲֿשֶׁרלְֿךָ of all that is thine, Gen 31:1 מֵאֲשֶׁר לְאָבִינוּ of that which was our father's, Gen 32:24 & sent over אֶתאֲֿשֶׁרלֿוֺ that which he had, + often
  b. as a circumlocution of the genitive, as Gen 29:9 עִםהַֿצּאֹן אֲשֶׁר לְאָבִיהָ with the sheep that were her father's, Gen 40:5; Gen 47:4; Lev 9:8; Judg 6:11; 1Sam 25:7 הָרֹעִים אֲשֶׁרלְֿךָ, 2Sam 14:31 אֶתהַֿחֶלְקָה אֲשֶׁרלִֿי, 2Sam 23:8; 1Kgs 1:8; 1Kgs 1:33 עַל הַפִּרְדָּה אֲשֶׁרלִֿי upon mine own mule, v1Kgs 1:49; 1Kgs 4:2; 2Kgs 11:10; 2Kgs 16:13; Ruth 2:21 and especially in the case of a compound expression depending on a single genitive, as Gen 23:9; Gen 40:5; Gen 41:43 מִרְכֶּבֶת הַמִּשְׁנֶה אֲשֶׁרלֿוֺ the chariot of the second rank which he had, Exod 38:30; Judg 3:20; Judg 6:25; 1Sam 17:40; 1Sam 21:8 אֲבִיר הָרֹעִים אֲשֶׁר לְשָׁאוּל the mightiest of Saul's herdmen, 1Sam 24:5 אֶתכְּֿנַףהַֿמְּעִיל אֲשֶׁרלְֿשָׁאוּל, 2Sam 2:8 Saul's captain of the host, 1Kgs 10:28; 1Kgs 15:20; 1Kgs 22:31; Jer 52:17; Ruth 4:3.
  c. with names of places (especially such as do not readily admit the stative construct) Judg 18:28; Judg 19:14 הַגִּבְעָה אֲשֶׁר לְבִנְיָמִין Gibeah (the hill) of Benjamin, Judg 20:4; 1Sam 17:1; 1Kgs 15:27; 1Kgs 16:15; 1Kgs 17:9; 1Kgs 19:3; 2Kgs 14:11. compare שֶׁל (q. v.) which in Rabb, like the Aramaic -דִּיל, , is in habitual use as a mark of the genitive. — N.B. In Aramaic also דּי, , without ל, expresses the genitive relation, as מִלְּתָא דִימַֿלְכָּא, literally the word, that of the king = the word of the king. The few apparent cases of a similar use of אשׁר are, however, too foreign to the general usage of the language to be regarded otherwise than as due to textual error: 1Sam 13:8 read אֲשֶׁר אָמַר (or שָׂם Exod 19:5) שְׁמוּאֵל (ᵐ5 εἶπε); 1Kgs 11:25 supply עָשָׂה (ᵐ5 ἣν ἐποίησεν); 2Kgs 25:10 supply אֵת with (as || Jer 52:14); 2Chr 34:22 read וַאֲשֶׁר אָמַר הַמֶּלֶךְ (compare ᵐ5) and those whom the king appointed (abbreviated from 2Kgs 22:14); compare Ew§ 292 a, b with note.

8. אֲשֶׁר becomes, like Aramaic דּי, , a conjunction approximating in usage to כִּי: thus
  a. = quod, ὅτι, that, subordinating an entire sentence to a verb of knowing, remembering, etc.
   (a) with אֵת Deut 9:7 forget not אֵת אֲשֶׁר הִקְצַפְתָּ the fact that (= how) thou provokedst, etc., Deut 29:15; Josh 2:10; 1Sam 24:11; 1Sam 24:19; 2Sam 11:20 know ye not אֵת אֲשֶׁריֹֿרוּ how they shoot from off the wall ? 2Kgs 8:12; Isa 38:3 + often As subject (rare) 1Kgs 14:19; 2Kgs 14:15; 2Kgs 20:20. Of time (peculiarly) 2Sam 14:15 עַתָּה אֲשֶׁר now (is it) that . . . Zech 8:20 (probably) yet (shall it be) that . . . vZech 8:23 compare כִּמְעַט שֶׁ Song 3:4. (β) without אֵת (not very common, כִּי being usually employed): after יָדַע Exod 11:7; Ezek 20:26 (very strange in Ezekiel: see Hi) Job 9:5 (Ew De Di) Eccl 8:12, רָאָה Deut 1:31 (RV) 1Sam 18:15, הִתְוַדָּה to confess Lev 5:5; Lev 26:40 b, הִשְׁבִּיעַ 1Kgs 22:16 (caused to swear that . . .); after a noun Isa 38:7 הָאוֺת אֲשֶׁר the sign that . . . (|| 2Kgs 20:9 כִּי): with growing frequency in late Hebrew, 2Chr 2:7, and especially Nehemiah, Esther: Neh 2:5; Neh 2:10; Neh 7:65 (= Ezra 2:63) Neh 8:14; Neh 8:15; Neh 10:31; Neh 13:1; Neh 13:19; Neh 13:22; Neh 2:10; Neh 3:4; Neh 4:11; Neh 6:2; Neh 8:11; (מֵאֲשֶׁר) Eccl 5:4; Eccl 7:18 (with טוֺב: contrast Ruth 2:22) vRuth 2:22 vRuth 2:29; Ruth 8:12; Ruth 8:14; Ruth 9:1; Dan 1:8 (twice in verse). (γ) prefixed to a direct citation, like כִּי q. v. (= ὅτι recitativum) (rare) 1Sam 15:20; 2Sam 1:4; 2Sam 2:4 (see Dr) Ps 10:6 (probably), Neh 4:6.
  b. it is resolvable into so that: Gen 11:7 אֲשֶׁר לֹא יִשְׁמְעוּ so that they understand not, etc., Gen 13:16; Gen 22:14 אֲשֶׁר יֵאָמֵר so that it is said, Exod 20:26; Deut 4:10; Deut 4:40 אֲשֶׁר יִיטַב לְךָ Deut 6:3; Deut 28:27; Deut 28:51; 1Kgs 3:12; 1Kgs 3:13; 2Kgs 9:37; Mal 3:19.
  c. it has a causal force, forasmuch as, in that, since: Gen 30:18; Gen 31:49 and Mizpah, אֲשֶׁר אָמַר for that he said, Gen 34:13; Gen 34:27; Gen 42:21 we are guilty, אֲשֶׁר רָאִינוּ we who saw (or, in that we saw), Num 20:13 Meribah, because they strove there, Deut 3:24; Josh 4:7; Josh 4:23; Josh 22:31; Judg 9:17; 1Sam 2:23; 1Sam 15:15; 1Sam 20:42 go in peace, אֲשֶׁר נִשְׁבַּעְנוּ forasmuch as we have sworn, 1Sam 25:26 thou whom (= or, seeing that) ׳י hath withholden, 2Sam 2:5 blessed are ye of ׳י, אֲשֶׁר עֲשִׂיתֶם, who (οἵτινες) have done (or in that ye have done), 1Kgs 3:19; 1Kgs 15:5; 2Kgs 12:3; 2Kgs 17:4; 2Kgs 23:26; (Hi De Now). Here also belongs its use in אֲשֶׁר לָמָּה since why . . . ? (= lest) Dan 1:10: see below לָמָּה. On אֲשֶׁר עַל כֵּן forasmuch as Job 34:27 see below כִּי עַל כֵּן.
  d. it expresses a condition (rare & peculiar): Lev 4:22 אֲשֶׁר נָשִׂיא יֶחֱטָא in (case) that = when (or if) a ruler sinneth (Lev 4:3 vLev 4:13 vLev 4:37 אִם), Num 5:29 (explained differently by Ew§ 334 a), Deut 11:27 and the blessing אֲשֶׁר תִּשְׁמְעוּ if ye hearken (Deut 11:28 אִם), Deut 18:22 Ges, Josh 4:21 אֲשֶׁר יִשְׁאָלוּן ֗֗֗ when they ask . . ., then . . . (Josh 4:6 כִּי), Isa 31:4. In 1Kgs 8:33 (|| 2Chr 6:24 כִּי, compare Kings v2Chr 6:35 v2Chr 6:37) אֲשֶׁר may be rendered indifferently because or when. Once, similarly, אֵת אֲשֶׁר 1Kgs 8:31 (|| אִם).
  e. perhaps (exceptionally) = כַּאֲשֶׁר, as, Jer 33:22; Isa 54:9 (followed by כֵּן; but כֵּן q. v. sometimes stands without כאשׁר, & אשׁר may in these passages connect with what precedes); according to some also Jer 48:8; Ps 106:34 (in a connection where כַּאֲשֶׁר would be more usual: אֲשֶׁר may however be the object of אָמַר). In 1Sam 16:7 אֲשֶׁר יִרְאֶה הָאָדָם read כַּאֲשֶׁר, see Dr. feminine combined with prepositions, אֲשֶׁר converts them into conjunctions: see below, בַּאֲשֶׁר, כַּאֲשֶׁר, מֵאֲשֶׁר. On its use similarly with (אַחֲרֵי) אַחַר, מִבְּלִי, בַּעֲבוּר, עַל דְּבַר, יַעַן, לְמַעַן, כְּפִי, עַד, עַל, עֵקֶב, מִפְּנֵי, תַּחַת, see these words. — הַאֲשֶׁר, with ה interrogative, occurs once, 2Kgs 6:22. In Deut 15:14 also read כַּאֲשֶׁר: note ברכך before.

Note 1. אֲשֶׁר being a connecting link, without any perfectly corresponding equivalent in English, its force is not unfrequently capable of being represented in more than one way. See e.g. 2Sam 2:5 (above 8 c), Isa 28:12 unto whom he said, or for that he said to them.

Note 2. The opinion that אֲשֶׁר has an asseverative force (like כִּי, q. v.), or introduces the apodosis, is not probably, being both alien to its general usage & not required by the passages alleged. Render Isa 8:20 either 'Surely according to this word will those speak who have no dawn,' or '. . . will they speak when (compare above 8 d Deut 11:27; Josh 4:21) they have no dawn.'

BDB845 H834

BDB844 | BIBLICAL HEBREW | BDB846

בַּאֲשֶׁר 19
  a. in (that) which . . . Isa 56:4; Isa 65:12; Isa 66:4 (above 1); Eccl 3:9 in (that, in) which (4 c); Isa 47:12 (see 2). b. adverb in (the place) where: above 4 b (γ). c. conjunction in that, inasmuch as, Gen 39:9; Gen 39:23; Eccl 7:2; Eccl 8:4 compare .
  d. Jonah 1:8 בַּאֲשֶׁר לְמִי on account of whom ? (בַּאֲשֶׁר לְ on account of, framed on model of Aramaic בְּדִיל: see below שֶׁל).

כַּאֲשֶׁר see below כְּ.

BDB846 H834

BDB845 | BIBLICAL HEBREW | BDB847

מֵאֲשֶׁר17
  a. from (or than) that which (him, them, etc., that . . .) Gen 3:11; Exod 29:27 (twice in verse); Num 6:11 (see Lev 4:26; Josh 10:11; Judg 16:30; Isa 47:13 +; than that . . . Eccl 3:22 לְבַד מֵאֲשֶׁר Esth 4:11. b. adverb from (the place) where: above 4 a (β). c. conjunction from (the fact) that . . ., since Isa 43:4.

BDB9440 H1768 H2088 H834

BDB9439 | BIBLICAL ARAMAIC | BDB9441

דִּי particle of relation, who, which, that, used also as mark of genitive and conjunction that, because (Aramaic of Nineveh, Babylonian, Zinjirli, Nerab, Cilicia, Têma, Egypt, ןי (Lzb267. 446 RES361 S-CPap. A 2 +); Nabataean, Palmyrene די; ᵑ7 דְּ (except in compounds, as דִּילִי mine, דִּילֵיהּ his); Samaritan ; Syriac ; Ethiopic za: of same origin as Arabic possessor of [compare below Biblical Hebrew זֶה]. Properly a demonstrative that [compare זֶה; in Ethiopic ze is 'this', za 'which']; but this being referred by usage to something preceding becomes equivalent to the relative who, which, used, however, more widely than Hebrew אֲשֶׁר); —

1. as rel. who, which (construed like אֲשֶׁר): a. Jer 10:11; Dan 2:11 דִּי מְדָֽרְהוֺן whose dwelling, vDan 2:24 דִּי מַנִּי מַלְבָּא whom the king had appointed, vDan 2:26 ׳דִּי שְׁמֵהּ בּ whose name was B., Dan 4:5; Dan 5:12; Dan 5:23, etc.; = that which Dan 2:23 = him that Ezra 7:25; Ezra 6:15; Dan 7:17 דִּת אִנוּן אַרְבַּע which are four (see אִנּוּן). Following pronoun of 2 person (compare אֲשֶׁר 3), Dan 2:37 thou, O king ..., דִּי ֗֗֗ יְהַב לָח to whom... hath given, Dan 4:19; Dan 4:6 as to whom I know, etc. (compare אֲשֶׁר 4 d end). Sq. תַּמָּה = where Ezra 6:1, so דִּי alone Ezra 6:3; Dan 2:38 of time, בְּעִדָּנָא דִּי at the time when, etc., Dan 3:5; Dan 3:15. With the predicate an infinitive with לְ, Dan 6:9 כְּתָבָא דִּי לָא לְהַשְׁנָיָה which is not to be changed, Ezra 6:8 a place- or other determination, Dan 3:20 valiant men בְחֵילֵהּ that were in his army, Dan 5:2 הֵיכְלָא דִּי בִירוּשְׁלֵב, Dan 7:20; Ezra 4:24; Ezra 5:6; Ezra 6:2; Ezra 6:6 compare Dan 2:25; Dan 5:13; Dan 7:7; Ezra 7:23. דִּי לָא = without, Ezra 6:9; Ezra 7:22 (so דְּלָא ᵑ7 Gen 15:2; Exod 21:11); compare Dan 2:34; Dan 2:45.
  b. מָן דִּי, מָה דִּי (compare in late Hebrew ׳מַהשֶּֿׁ, מַה 1 e b) whoever, whatever, so Dan 3:6; Dan 3:11 יִפֵּל ָ(מןדִּֿילָֿא whoever does not fall down, Dan 4:14 לְמָן דִּי יִצְבֵּא to whomsoever he willeth, v.Dan 4:22 v.Dan 4:29; Dan 5:21 מָה דִי whatever (or simply what), Dan 2:28 מָה דִּי לֶהֱוֵא what will be, vDan 2:29 vDan 2:29 vDan 2:45; Ezra 6:8; Ezra 7:18. — compare K§ 103.
2. as mark of the genitive, Dan 2:15 שׁליטא די מלכא properly the captain, that of the king = the king's captain (a genuine Aramaic idiom: so ᵑ7 דְּ, Syriac constantly), vDan 2:19 vDan 2:25 vDan 2:49 + often: the substantive in such cases may be either in the emphatic state (determined), as ll. cc. Ezra 4:15; Ezra 5:2, etc., or in the absolute state (undetermined), Dan 5:5; Dan 7:4; Dan 7:9; Dan 7:10 נְהַר דִּי נוּר; or it may have a pleonastic suffix, Dan 2:20 שְׁמֵהּ דִּי אֱלָהָא literally his name, that of God = God's name, vDan 2:44; Dan 3:8; Dan 3:25; Dan 3:26; Dan 4:23, etc. (so also ᵑ7 Syriac). To circumscribe an adjective, especially in specification of the material: Dan 2:38 thou art רֵאשָׁה דִּי דַהֲבָא the head of gold, vDan 2:39; Dan 3:1; Dan 5:7; Dan 5:16; Ezra 5:14; Ezra 6:4 +; as predicate Dan 2:32 רֵאשֵׁהּ דִּידְֿהַב טָב his head (was) of fine gold, vDan 2:33; Dan 7:19 with a pronoun Dan 2:20 wisdom and might דִּילֵֿהּ הִיא are his; compare Dan 6:27 וּמַלְכוּתֵהּ דִּילָֿא תִתְחַבַּל his kingdom (is one) which shall not be destroyed, Dan 7:14. — See further K§ 81.
3. as conjunction (compare אֲשֶׁר 8):
  a. that (quod), after verbs of knowing, Dan 2:8; Dan 2:9, seeing Dan 2:45; Dan 3:27, hearing Dan 5:14, etc.; introducing the subject of a sentence, יְדִיעַ ֗֗֗ דִּי ֗֗֗ Dan 3:18; Ezra 4:13; Dan 2:47 מִןקְֿשֹׁט דִּי ֗֗֗ True is it that . . . (compare אָמְנָם כִּי Job 12:2).
  b. = in that, inasmuch as, whereas: Dan 2:41 and whereas (דִּי) thou sawest, etc. . . . it shall be adivided kingdom, vDan 2:43; Dan 4:20; Dan 4:23 as a connecting link$ = seeing that, because, for (compare אֲשֶׁר 8 c) Dan 2:9; Dan 2:20b; Dan 2:23b; Dan 2:47b; Dan 4:15; Dan 6:24b.
  c. that (ut), after verbs of asking Dan 2:16, commanding Dan 3:10; Dan 3:29, expressing a purpose Dan 4:3; Dan 5:15; Ezra 4:15; Ezra 6:10 +; דִּי לָא that not (ne) Dan 2:18; Dan 3:28; Dan 6:18 (on דִּי לְמָה lest Ezra 7:23, see מה).
  d. prefixed to direct narr. (like כִּי 1 b, and sometimes אֲשֶׁר 8 a γ, and ὅτι recitativum), Dan 2:25 and said thus unto him דִּיהַֿשְׁכַּחַת (that) I have found, etc., Dan 5:7; Dan 6:6; Dan 6:14.
4. with prepositions and other prefixes:
  a. כְּ דִי (like Hebrew כַּאֲשֶׁר; so Egyptian Aramaic כזי, Palmyrene, Nabataean כדי, Lzb293 SACG1 62, 63 Cooke369 b RES:361; ᵑ7 כַּד, Syriac ); a according as, Dan 2:43 b. so soon as, when, Dan 3:7; Dan 5:20; Dan 6:11; Dan 6:15.
  b. מִןדִּֿי: a. because that, Dan 3:22; Ezra 5:12 (compare מֵאֲשֶׁר Isa 43:4); b. from (the time) that, after (ex quo), Dan 4:23; Ezra 4:23.
  c. עַד דִּי until, Dan 2:9; Dan 2:34; Dan 4:30; Dan 7:22 = ere that Dan 6:25.
  d. עַל דִּי Dan 3:19 is not a conjunction, but means above that which ...
  e. for עַל דִּבְרַת דִּי and כָּלקֳֿבֵל דִּי see [ דִּבְרָה] and קֳבֵל.

which, that, as, whom, who, …
ʾăšer
who, which, what, that; also (as an adverb and a conjunction) when, where, how, because, in order that, etc
  • (relative part.)
    • which, who
      • "that which
    (conj)
    • that (in obj clause)
      • "when"since"as"conditional if

יֹ֨אכַל
יֹ֨אכַל
Root word eat, eaten, devour, devoured, eateth, …
Dictionary form: אָכַל · aw-KAHL

Verb — Qal, Imperfect (Yiqtol), third person masculine singular simple action — "he did" not-yet-complete action — try "he will ___" or "he ___s" the built-in subject is "he (or it)"

In the KJV here: eateth
eat ×80 to eat ×35 shall eat ×28 and eat ×27 and ye shall eat ×15 be eaten ×15 and did eat ×14 eaten ×13
More options
eat — Most direct equivalent; fits nearly every context.
consume — Prefer when fire, plague, or destruction is the subject.
devour — Vivid; suits predators, enemies, or destructive forces.
feed on — Good for grazing animals or sustained, habitual eating.
dine — Elevated register; suits formal meals or honored guests.
ingest — Clinical/technical contexts; rarely needed in biblical prose.

BDB398 H398

BDB397 | BIBLICAL HEBREW | BDB399

אָכַל806 verb eat (Arabic , Assyrian akâlu DlW, Aramaic אֲבַל, ) —

Qal Perfect אָכַל Exod 34:28 +; אָֽכְלָה Num 21:28 +; etc. Imperfect יאֹבַל Gen 49:27 +; וַיּאֹ֫כַל Gen 25:34 +; וַיּאֹכַ֑ל Gen 3:6 +; יאֹכֵ֑ל Lev 21:22 +; אֹכַל Gen 24:33 +; וָָֽאֹכַ֫ל Gen 27:33 וְאֹכֵ֑ל Isa 44:19 וָָֽאֹבֵל Gen 3:12; Gen 3:13 3 plural יאֹכְלוּ Gen 32:33 +; יאֹכֵ֑לוּ Deut 18:18 +; etc. (for יוֺכְלוּ Ezek 42:5 read יוצלו, יאצלו ᵐ5 Ew Co); suffix יאֹכְלֶנּוּ Lev 7:6 +; תּאֹבַלְכֶם Isa 33:11, etc., probably also תְּאָכְלֵהוּ Job 20:26, either as secondary form from ׳תּאֹ (Ew§ 253 Di) or textual error (Ges«GKC:68»§ 68. 1) > Pi`el, Thes KöI, 389; or Po`el, Ki De MV; Imperative אֱכוֺל 1Kgs 18:41 +, etc.; Infinitive absolute אָכוֺל Gen 2:16 +; construct אֲכֹל Num 26:10 + 2 t.; לֶאֱכֹל Gen 24:33 +; לְאָכְלָה Jer 12:9 Participle אֹכֵל (אוֺכֵל) Gen 39:6 +, אֹכֶלֶת Exod 24:17 +, etc. —
1. eat, human subject Gen 3:11; Gen 3:18 + often; mostly with accusative Exod 16:35 +; also followed by מִןֿ (eat of, — some of, — or from) Exod 34:15; Ruth 2:14 +; followed by בְּ (eat of or at) Exod 12:43 f; absolute Deut 2:6 +; as act of worship Gen 31:54 (compare Gen 46:1) Exod 18:12; Exod 24:11; Exod 34:15; Deut 12:7; Deut 12:18; Deut 14:23; Deut 14:26 +; compare of priests Exod 29:32; Lev 10:13 +; compare אָבַל אֶלהֶֿהָרִים Ezek 18:6; Ezek 18:11; Ezek 18:15; Ezek 22:9 + Ezek 33:25 עַלהַֿדָּם Co עַלהֶֿהָרִים; (but RSRel. Semitic i. 324 N would emend first 4 by last); eat up, finish eating Gen 43:2 (with בלה) 1Kgs 13:28 +; אָכַל לֶחֶם = take a meal Gen 43:25; Exod 2:20; 1Sam 20:24; Jer 41:1 +; so ׳א alone Gen 43:16; 1Sam 20:5 +; לֶחֶם ׳א = eat, get food Gen 3:19; 2Kgs 4:8 +; Amos 7:12 (i.e. spend one's life) compare Eccl 5:16 ׳ל ׳לֹא א i.e. fast 1Sam 28:20; 1Sam 30:12; Ezra 10:6 compare Dan 10:3 figurative אֶתבְּֿשָׂרוֺ ׳א Eccl 4:5 (i.e. waste away); eat words Jer 15:16 (i.e. eagerly receive); of adultery, Prov 30:20 אָֽכְלָה וּמָֽחֲתָה פִּ֑יהָ וְאָֽמְרָה לֹאֿ פָעַלְתִּי אָֽוֶן׃; eat (taste) good fortune, בַּטּוֺב ׳א Job 21:25 לְפִּי אָבְלוֺ according to his eating, i.e. according to his needs in eating Exod 12:4; Exod 16:16; Exod 16:18 also vExod 16:21 compare Job 20:21 & below אָכְלָה; אָכַל הַפְּרִי 2Kgs 19:29; Amos 9:14, of peaceful enjoyment of results of labour; figurative of receiving consequences of action, good or bad Prov 1:31; Prov 18:21; Hos 10:13 compare וַיּאֹכַל גַּםאָֿכוֺל אֶתכַּֿסְפֵּנוּ Gen 31:15 i.e. he has reaped all the benefit, compare Hos 7:9 figurative of mourner, אֵפֶר כַּלֶּחֶם אָכָ֑לְתִּי Ps 102:10 (compare Ps 80:6 Hiph`il, & Assyrian akâl al âkul, bikîtum kurmatî = food I ate not, weeping (was) my refreshment HptASKT 166 f. Obsev. 1. 21, 22 ZimBP 34. 42); of gods, partaking of sacrifices Deut 32:38 figurative = destroy Deut 7:16 (compare Num 14:9); compare Jer 10:25; Jer 30:16; Jer 50:7; Hos 7:7.
2. of beasts, birds, etc., eat, devour; Gen 37:20; Gen 37:33; Gen 40:17; Gen 40:19; 1Kgs 13:28; 1Kgs 14:11; 1Kgs 16:4; 1Kgs 21:23; 1Kgs 21:24; Hos 2:14 +; specifically of locusts Joel 1:4; Joel 2:25; 2Chr 7:13 compare Amos 4:9 moth Job 13:28 flies Ps 78:45 worms Deut 28:39 also Ezek 19:3; Ezek 19:6 (of Israel under figure of lion), compare Jer 50:7; Jer 50:17; Jer 51:34 also Hos 13:8 (of ׳י under fig, of lion), Ezek 22:25 (נֶפֶשׁ אָכָ֑לוּ, of false prophets under figure of lion).
3. figurative of fire, devour, consume Lev 6:3 (followed by 2 accusative consume offering to ashes) Nah 3:13; Isa 5:24 (in simile), particular of fire from ׳י Lev 10:2; Lev 16:25; Judg 9:15 f 1Kgs 18:38; 2Kgs 1:10; 2Kgs 1:12; 2Kgs 1:14; 2Chr 7:1 compare Amos 1:4; Amos 1:7; Amos 1:10; Amos 1:12; Amos 1:14; Amos 2:2; Amos 2:5; Amos 5:6 +; Deut 5:22 of fire at Sinai; of ׳י as fire (in judgment) Deut 4:24 אֱלֹהֶיךָ אֵשׁ אֹכְלָה הוּא ׳כִּי י; compare Deut 9:3; Isa 10:17 (|| בּער) Isa 30:27; Isa 30:30; Isa 33:14 (|| מוֺקְדֵי עוֺלָם).
4. of sword, devour, slay Deut 32:42; 2Sam 22:26; 2Sam 11:25; 2Sam 18:8; Hos 11:6; Jer 2:30; Jer 12:12 compare of devastation of land Isa 1:7; Jer 8:16.
5. in genl. devour, consume, destroy (inanimate subject) of drought Gen 31:40 of pestilence Ezek 7:15 of woods 2Sam 18:8 compare Lev 26:38 וְאָֽכְלָה אֶתְכֶם אֶרֶץ אֹיְבֵיכֶם; of הַבּשֶׁת Jer 3:24 (see בּשֶׁת).
6. figurative of oppression, devour the poor, etc. Prov 30:14; Hab 3:14 compare Ps 14:4 of bitter enmity לֶאֱכֹל אֶתבְּֿשָׂרִי Ps 27:2. (compare Job 19:22). Niph`al Perfect וְנֶאֱבַל consecutive Exod 22:5 Imperfect יֵאָכֵל Gen 6:21 +; וַיֵּאָכֵ֫ל Num 12:12, etc.; Infinitive absolute הֵאָבֹל Lev 7:18; Lev 19:7 Participle feminine נֶאֱכֶ֫לֶת Lev 11:47 —
1. be eaten by man Exod 12:46; Exod 13:3; Exod 13:7; Exod 21:28; Exod 29:34; Lev 6:9; Lev 6:16; Lev 6:19; Lev 6:23; Lev 7:6; Lev 7:15; Lev 7:16 (twice in verse); Lev 7:18; Lev 11:41; Lev 19:6; Lev 19:7; Lev 19:23; Lev 22:30; Lev 28:17; Ezek 45:21 of custom, usage Gen 6:21; Exod 12:16; Deut 12:22; Job 6:6 of permission to eat Lev 7:19; Lev 11:13; Lev 11:34; Lev 11:47 (twice in verse); Lev 17:13 with negative be uneatable Jer 24:2; Jer 24:3; Jer 24:8; Jer 29:17.
2. be devoured by fire, consumed Zeph 1:18; Zeph 3:8; Zech 9:4; Ezek 23:25.
3. be wasted, destroyed, of flesh Num 12:12; Jer 30:16. Pu`al Perfect אֻכְּלוּ be consumed with fire Neh 2:3; Neh 2:13 compare Nah 1:10 (figurative); so Participle אֻכָּל (= מְאֻכָּל Ew§ 169 d) Exod 3:2 by sword Isa 1:20 תְּאֻכְּלוּ. Hiph`il Perfect 2 masculine singular suffix הֶאֱכַלְתָּם Ps 80:6, וְהַאֲכַלְתִּ֫י Isa 49:26 suffix וְהַאֲכַלְתִּיךָ consecutive Isa 58:14 הֶאֱכַלְתִּיח Ezek 16:19 וְהַאֲכַלְתִּים consecutive Jer 19:9 Imperfect suffix יַאֲכִלֵנוּ Num 11:4; Num 11:18, etc.; 2 masculine singular js. תַּאֲכֵל; 1 singular אוֺכִיל Hos 11:4 Imperative הַאֲכִילֵהוּ Prov 25:21, etc.; Infinitive לְהָכִיל Ezek 21:33 (but Co לההל, q. v.); Participle מַאֲבִיל Jer 23:15, etc.; —
1. cause to eat, feed with, followed by 2 accusative subject mostly ׳י; Exod 16:32; Deut 8:3; Deut 8:16; Ezek 3:2; Jer 19:9 absolute Hos 11:4 compare Num 11:4; Num 11:18 figurative Jer 9:14; Jer 23:15; Jer 58:14; also Ps 80:6 הֶאֱבַלְתָּם לֶחֶם דִּמְעָ֑ה (compare Ps 102:10 Qal above); followed by accusative of person + מן Ps 81:17, but also subject man Prov 25:21; 1Kgs 22:27; 2Chr 18:26 וְהַאֲכִלֻהוּ לֶחֶם לַ֫חַץ of prison fare; followed by accusative of person only 2Chr 28:15, compare Ezek 2:3.
2. cause to devour, object sword Ezek 21:33 (but on text see Co).

BDB9297 H398 H399

BDB9296 | BIBLICAL ARAMAIC | BDB9298

[אֲכַל] verb eat, devour (Biblical Hebrew); —

Pe`al Perfect 3 masculine plural אֲכַ֫לוּ Dan 3:8; Dan 6:25 Imperfect 3 masculine singular יֵאכֻל Dan 4:30 3 feminine singularתֵּאכֻל Dan 7:23 Imperative feminine singular אֲכֻּ֫לִי vDan 7:5 Participle feminine singular אָֽכְלָה, vDan 7:7 vDan 7:9 —
1. eat, of beast, Dan 4:30 (accusative of thing).
2. devour, of beast in vision, Dan 7:5 (accusative of thing), absolute vDan 7:7 vDan 7:19 hence figurative of kingdom, devour, devastate, vDan 7:23 (accusative of earth).
3. in phrase ק־רְצֵיהוֺן ׳א Dan 3:8 eat their pieces, i.e. slander them, compare Dan 6:25 (see קְרַץ).

eat, eaten, devour, devoured, eateth, …
ʾākal
to eat (literally or figuratively)
  • to eat, devour, burn up, feed
    • (Qal)
      • to eat (human subject)
        • "to eat, devour (of beasts and birds)"to devour, consume (of fire)"to devour, slay (of sword)"to devour, consume, destroy (inanimate subjects—i.e., pestilence, drought)"to devour (of oppression)
      (Niphal)
      • to be eaten (by men)
        • "to be devoured, consumed (of fire)"to be wasted, destroyed (of flesh)
      (Pual)
      • to cause to eat, feed with
        • "to cause to devour
      (Hiphil)
      • to feed
        • "to cause to eat
      (Piel)
      • consume

לֶ֜חֶם
לֶ֜חֶם
Root word bread, food, meat, shewbread, loaves, …
Dictionary form: לֶחֶם · leh-HEM

Noun — Common, both singular, absolute state

In the KJV here: any food
bread ×102 of bread ×26 the bread ×24 with bread ×9 food ×8 meat ×8 and bread ×6 loaves ×5
More options
bread — Most direct equivalent; ideal for literal or culinary contexts.
food — Broader sense; use when לֶחֶם means sustenance generally.
grain — Emphasizes agricultural/cereal origin; good in harvest contexts.
loaf — Concrete, countable form; suits passages enumerating baked goods.
provisions — Collective sense; fits travel, military, or supply narratives.
meal — Social/relational nuance; prefer in feasting or hospitality scenes.

BDB4396 H3899

BDB4395 | BIBLICAL HEBREW | BDB4397

לֶ֫חֶם296 noun masculine1Sam 9:7 and (rarely) feminineGen 49:20 (see below, and Dr1Sam 10:4) bread, food (Phoenician לחם bread; Late Hebrew לֶחֶם; Aramaic לַחְמָא, , as Hebrew; Arabic flesh, meat, (compare Frä30)); — absolute ׳ל Gen 3:19 +; לָ֑חֶם Gen 31:54 +; לֶ֑חֶם Ps 14:4 + 2 t.; construct לֶחֶם Hos 9:4 +; suffix לַחְמִי Job 3:24 +, לַחְמְךָ Obad 1:7 +, לַחְמָם Hos 9:4b, + vHos 9:4a (for ᵑ0 לָהֶם), We GASm Now, + etc.; —

1. a. bread, the ordinary food of early Hebrews (BenzArchaeology 84 ff NowArchaeology i. 109 ff.) Exod 21:14 (E), Num 21:5; Josh 9:5; Josh 9:12 (JE), Deut 8:3; Deut 23:5; Exod 16:3 (P) +; ׳כִּכַּרלֿ loaf of bread 1Sam 2:36 + (see כִּכָּר below כרר), and without ככר (always with number) 1Sam 10:4; 1Sam 16:20 (see Dr), 1Sam 17:7; 1Sam 21:4; 1Sam 25:18; 2Sam 16:1; 1Kgs 14:3; 2Kgs 4:42; ׳חַלַת ל cake of bread 2Sam 6:19; Exod 29:23 + (see חַלָּה below I. חלל); made from barley (שְׂעֹרִים); Judg 7:13; 2Kgs 4:42 (see also לָחֶם above); from wheat-flour (סֹלֶת חִטִים) Exod 29:2 (P); compare the mixture Ezek 4:9 made by baking (אפה) Isa 44:15; Isa 44:19; Lev 26:26 (H; compare Jer 37:21); ׳פַּתלֿ a bit of bread 1Sam 2:36; 1Kgs 17:11; Prov 28:21, compare Ezek 13:19, as modest term for a hospitable meal Gen 18:5 (J), Judg 19:5; 1Sam 28:22; distinguished from meat (flesh), Gen 27:17 (J) 1Sam 25:11; 1Kgs 17:6 (twice in verse); Exod 16:8; Exod 16:12 (also vExod 16:3 above), Exod 29:32; Exod 29:34; Lev 8:31 (all P), Lev 23:18 (H), 1Chr 12:40; Ps 78:20; Dan 10:3 = a meal 1Sam 20:27, ׳אָכַל ל = take a meal Gen 31:54 (twice in verse); Gen 37:25; Gen 43:25; Gen 43:32 +; אכל לַחְמִי Ps 41:10 eat my bread, establishing an obligation, compare Obad 1:7 (read ׳אֹכְלֵי ל according to MartiKau AT; strike out ׳ל ᵐ5 Hi We, compare VB) ׳עשׂה ל = make a feast Eccl 10:19 ׳מַטֵּה ל staff of bread (as support of life), only late Ezek 4:16; Ezek 5:16; Ezek 14:13; Lev 26:26 (H), Ps 105:16 cf .׳מִשְׁעַן ל Isa 3:1 (gloss); leavened bread is חָמֵץ ׳ל Lev 7:13 unleavened bread is מַצּוֺת ׳ל Exod 29:2 (both P); (הַ)פָּנִים ׳ל bread of the face (of ׳י; i.e. in his presence, DiLev 24:9 Dr1Sam 21:7); in the sanctuary 1Sam 21:7; 1Kgs 7:48 = 2Chr 4:19; Exod 25:30; Exod 35:13; Exod 39:36, without ׳פ Exod 40:23 (all P); = הַתָּמִיד ׳ל Num 4:7 (P), קֹדֶשׁ ׳ל 1Sam 21:5 in Chronicles הַמַּעֲרָ֑כֶת ׳ל 1Chr 9:32 compare 1Chr 23:29; Neh 10:34, ׳ל ׳מ 2Chr 13:11 opposed to חֹל ׳ל 1Sam 21:5; תְּנוּפִה ׳ל Lev 23:17 wave-loaf; (הַ)בִּכֻּרִים ׳ל vLev 23:20; 2Kgs 4:42 bread of first-fruits.
  b. = bread-corn, the material from which bread is made, i.e. wheat, barley, etc.: Gen 41:54; Gen 41:55 (E), Gen 47:13; Gen 47:15; Gen 47:17 (twice in verse); Gen 47:19 (J), Gen 49:20 (poem in J), Isa 28:28; Isa 30:23; Isa 55:10; Jer 5:17; Ezek 48:18; Job 28:5; Prov 28:3; Ps 104:14 הָאָרֶץ ׳ל Num 15:19 (P), ׳ארץ ל 2Kgs 18:32 = Isa 36:17.
2. food in general:
  a. of man, Judg 13:16 (kid, vJudg 13:15) 1Sam 14:24 (twice in verse); 1Sam 14:28 (honey), 1Sam 28:20; 1Sam 30:12; Prov 22:9; Prov 27:27 (twice in verse) (goat's milk) +; ׳לְכָלבָּֿשָׂר נֹתֵן ל Ps 136:25. b. of animals, Prov 6:8; Prov 30:25; Prov 65:25; Job 24:5 + Ps 147:9
  c. of God (in sacrifices): אֱלֹהֵיהֶם ׳ל (compare RSSemitic i. 207, 2nd ed., 224) Lev 21:6 compare vLev 21:8 vLev 21:17 vLev 21:21 vLev 21:22, Lev 22:25 (all H), compare Num 28:2 (P), Ezek 16:19; Ezek 44:7, and מְגֹאָל ׳ל Mal 1:7, also (׳לי) אִשֶּׁה ׳ל Lev 3:11; Lev 3:16; Num 28:24 (all P).
3. other phrases and figurative uses are:
  a. רֶשַׁע ׳ל Prov 4:17 (accusative of congnate meaning with verb with לָחַם), probably = food gained by wickedness ׅ || (יִיִן חֲמָסִים, compare שָׁ֑קֶר ׳ל Prov 20:17, כְּזָבִים ׳ל Prov 23:3 עַצְלוּת ׳ל Prov 31:27 = bread of idleness, i.e. unearned; חֻקִּי ׳לProv 30:8 (opposed to riches and poverty, see חֹק); לַחַץ ׳ל 1Kgs 22:27 = 2Chr 18:26, vid לַחַץ below; הָעֲצָבִים ׳ל Ps 127:2 see II. עֶצָב; אוֺנִים ׳ל Hos 9:4, vid אָוֶן. p.20 a; אֲנָשִׁים ׳ל Ezek 24:17; Ezek 24:22 of food offered to mourners, compare Jer 16:7 (where insert ׳ל ᵐ5 Gf Gie); שַׁלַּח לחמך עלפֿני המים Eccl 11:1 usual interpration of benevolent giving (compare Now); De and others of sea-commerce in bread-stuffs, compare Prov 31:14.
  b. figurative לַחְמֵנוּ הֵם Num 14:9 (JE) our food are they, i.e. we will devour, destroy, them (compare Deut 7:16); ׳דִּמְעָתִּי ל Ps 42:4 compare Ps 80:6 (see אכל above); ׳ל of evil deeds of wicked Job 20:14 עֵץ בְּלַחְמוֺ Jer 11:19 apparentlyfig.of destroying the prophet and his house, but read probably בְּלֵחוֺ in its freshness (i.e. untimely), so Hi Gf Che Gie (see לֵחַ below לחח above).

BDB9643 H3900 H3899

BDB9642 | BIBLICAL ARAMAIC | BDB9644

לְחֵם (K§ 54, 3. 7) noun masculine feast (ᵑ7 Syriac bread, so Biblical Hebrew, q. v. √ II. לחם); — absolute ׳עֲבַד ל Dan 5:1 made a feast.

bread, food, meat, shewbread, loaves, …
leḥem
food (for man or beast), especially bread, or grain (for making it)
  • bread, food, grain
    • bread
      • bread
        • "bread-corn
      food (generally)

עַד
עַד
Preposition unto, until, to, till, for, …
Dictionary form: עַד · ad

Preposition

In the KJV here: until
until ×237 unto ×233 even unto ×103 to ×79 till ×62 even to ×58 for ×51 how long ×38
More options
until — Best for temporal boundary; most common usage.
up to — Spatial or quantitative limit; modern and versatile.
as far as — Spatial extent; prefer for geographic/directional contexts.
through — Inclusive endpoint; useful when the limit is included.
as long as — Durative sense; prefer for sustained time expressions.
even to — Emphatic reach; signals surprising or extreme extent.

BDB5808 H5704

BDB5807 | BIBLICAL HEBREW | BDB5809

III. עַד, in poetry עֲדֵי ( Num 24:20; Num 24:24; Ps 104:23; Ps 147:6; Job 7:4; Job 20:5, and in עֲדֵי עַד Isa 26:4; Isa 65:18; Ps 83:18; Ps 92:8; Ps 132:12; Ps 132:14:compare אֱלֵי, עֲלֵי), preposition as far as, even to, up to, until, while (Aramaic עד, Sabean עד, עדי, MordtmZMG xxx (1876), 27; DHMxxxvii (1883), 414, Assyrian adi Dl§ 81 a (Arabic is except); perh akin to pass on, advance to, Köii. 304, 309: עֲדֵי probably from ground-form ±¦d¦y, Ol428, 431 Köii. 309 ff.; but LagSym. ii. 101-3, Mitth. i. 231 f., as plur. like אַחֲרֵי); — with suffix עָדַי Num 23:18 +, עָדֶיךָ Mic 4:8 +, etc., עָֽדיֵכֵם Job 32:12; 2Kgs 9:18 עַדהֵֿם occurs; — as far as, even to (differing from אֶל in that the limit is included, as in Arabic FlKl. Schr. i. 402 f.):

I. preposition 1. of space; —
  a. Gen 11:31 ויבאו עד חרן as far as Haran, Gen 12:6; Gen 13:3; Gen 13:12 + often, Isa 8:8 עד צואר יגעַ, Isa 15:4 עד יהץ נשׁמע קולם, Isa 25:12; Isa 26:5; Ps 36:6 אמונתך עד שׁחקים, Ps 69:2 דאו מים עד נפשׁ (compare Jonah 2:6; Mic 1:9; Jer 4:10; Jer 4:18), Jer 90:3 תָּשֵׁד אֱנוֺשׁ עַד דַּכָּא Job 11:7, etc.; pregnantly Ps 118:27 ׳אִסְדוּ חָג עַד וגו bind . . . (and lead) up to . . .; Isa 57:9 עַד מֵרָחוק even to afar (מִן 1 c); with the goal a person, Exod 22:8 עד האלהים יָבאֹ דְבַר שְׁנֵיהֶם, 1Sam 9:9; Ps 65:3 עָדֶיךָ כָלבָּֿשָׂר יָבאֹוּ Isa 45:24; Job 4:5, ׳שׁוּב עַד י Hos 14:2 al. (see שׁוּב, stronger than ׳שׁוּב אֶליֿ); in poetry Num 24:20 וְאַחֲדִיתוֺ עֲדֵי אֹבֵד shall be even unto destruction, shall issue in destruction, vNum 24:24 rarely with verbs of attending, הֶאֱזִין עַד Num 23:18, הִתְבּוֺנֵן עַד Job 32:12; Job 38:18 (usually אֶל). Before another perp., 1Sam 7:11 ׳עַד מִתַּחַת ל 1Kgs 4:12 ׳עַד מֵעֵבֶר ל, עַד מֵעַל Ezek 41:20, עַד לִפְנֵי Esth 4:2, and even (si vera. l.) עַד אְלֵיהֶם 2Kgs 9:20:compare עַד נֶגֶד Neh 3:16; Neh 3:26, עַד נֹכַח Judg 19:10 +.


  b. In the combination מִן ֗֗֗ (וְ)עַד, as Gen 10:19 מצידון ֗֗֗ עַד עַזָּה from Sidon . . . as far as Gaza + often (see מן 5 a); and idiomatic, not of actual space, but of class of objects, to express the idea of both... and, as Gen 19:4 מִנַּעַר וְעַד זָקִן from young to old (inclusively) = both young and old (see מִן 5 b); without מִן, even to = including, Lev 11:42; Num 8:4 even to (i. e. including) it base and its flower, compare 1Sam 18:4.

2. Of time:
  a. (a) even to, until Gen 8:5 even to the 10th month, Exod 12:6 unto the 14th day, etc., vExod 12:15 vExod 12:18, etc.; עד היום unto this day, Gen 19:37; Gen 19:38, עד היום הזה Gen 26:33; Gen 32:33, both + often; עד יום followed by infinitive Exod 40:37; Josh 6:10; Judg 18:30 עד בקר till morning, Exod 12:10 + (15 t.), עד הבקר Exod 16:23 + (11 t.); so עד (ה)ערב Exod 18:13; Exod 18:14 +, in poetry עֲרֵי ערב Ps 104:23 עַד עוֺלָם Gen 13:15 + often; עַד שֶׁבַע פְּעָמִים 2Kgs 4:35 עַד דּוֺר וָדוֺר Isa 13:20 see also בְּלִי, and בִּלְתִּי, near the end and followed by another preposition, Lev 23:16 עַד מִמָּחֳרַת הַשַּׁבָּת, Neh 13:9 עַד אַחַר הַשַּׁבָּת. With the force of against, Judg 6:31 יוּמַת עַד הַבֹּקֶר; compare (b) end. (b) followed by infinitive, both of past time, as Gen 8:7; Gen 32:35 עַד עֲלוֺת הַשַּׁחַר, Gen 33:3; Gen 34:5, and especially future time, as Gen 3:19 עַד שׁוּבְךָ until thy returning, Gen 19:22; Gen 27:45; Deut 7:20; Deut 7:23; Deut 20:20; Deut 22:2; Deut 28:20; Deut 28:22, — both + often; compare עַד בּוֺשׁ Judg 3:25 +; עַד תֹּם ֗֗֗ Lev 25:29 + 10 t.; עַד תֻּמָּם Deut 2:15 +; עַד כַּלֵּה 2Kgs 13:17; 2Kgs 13:19; Ezek 19:14 עַד כַּלּוֺתָ(םׅ 1Sam 15:18; Jer 9:15 +; עַד אוֺר הַבֹּקֶר Judg 16:2 +; also in עַד הִשְׁמִדְךָ אֹתָם Deut 7:24 (compare Deut 28:48; Josh 11:14; 1Kgs 15:29; 2Kgs 3:25; 2Kgs 10:17; 2Kgs 24:20 [|| Jer 52:3 הִשְׁלִיכוֺ]; on the anomalous ׳הִ, see Dr, read probably ׳הַ); and most probably compare Köiii. 583) in עַד בִּלְתִּי הִשְׁאִיר לוֺ (לָהֶם) שָׂרִיד Deut 3:3 (see Dr), + 5 t. (see above), read probably הַשְׁאִיר. With the force of towards the end of, against, especially in עַד בֹּאָ(םׅ, Gen 43:25; Exod 22:25; Num 10:21 והקימו את המשׁכן עַד בֹּאָם used to set up the tabernacle against their coming, 2Kgs 16:11; Ezek 33:22 compare 2Sam 17:22. Elliptical Judg 16:2 עַד אוֺד הַבֹּקֶד וַהֲרַגְנוּהוּ (wait) till the morning dawn, and we slay him! (GFM; Dr§ 115). (c) with various adverbs of time. (q. v.) as עַד אָנָה, עַדמָֿה, עַד מָתַי, עַד הֵנָּה, עַד כֹּה, עַד כֵּן, עַד עַתָּה, compare עַד כַּמֶּה פְעָמִים (see מָה 4 b).
   (d) to suffest also degree (compare 3), עַד אֵין מָקוֺם until there is no place Isa 5:8, עַד אֵין מִסְפָּר Ps 40:13; Job 5:9; Job 9:10 compare Lev 26:18 וְאִםעַֿדאֵֿלֶּה and if even up to these things, even the end of all these punishment, you do not hearken to me.


  b. During (rare; prop, as far as the limit indicated, including the time previous, compare ἔως: so often Aramaic עַד, , while), 2Kgs 9:22 what is peace עַד זְנוּנֵי אִיזֶבֶל during, etc.,? Job 20:5 עֲדֵי רָ֑גַע during a moment; followed by infinitive Judg 3:26 עַד הִתְמַהְמְהָם during their delaying, Exod 33:22; Job 7:19 עַד בִּלְעִי רֻקִּי Jonah 4:2.

3. Of degree, to suggest a higher or the highest; as עַד מְאֹד even to muchness, i.e. exceedingly (see מְאֹד), עַד מְהֵרָה even to haste Ps 147:15; Esth 5:6 וּמַהבֻּֿקָּשָׁתֵךְ עַדחֲֿצִי הַמַּלְכוּת וְתֵעָשׂ, vEsth 5:3; Esth 7:2. See also עַד לְ, below. With a negative, to express not even as much as, Deut 2:5 לא אתן לכם מארצם עַד מִדְרַךְ כַּף רָ֑גֶל, and with אֶחָד, Exod 9:7 לֹא מֵת ֗֗֗ עַדאֶֿחָד, simil. Exod 14:28; Judg 4:16; 2Sam 17:22 (read אֶחָד for ׃אַחַד see Dr). Sts. almost = Latin adeo, 1Sam 2:5 (si vera lectio) עַד עֲקָרָה ילדה שׁבעה even to the barren, she hath borne seven, i.e. even the barren hath, etc., Job 25:5 הן עדיָֿרֵחַ ולא יאהיל, Hag 2:19. In comparisons, to the degree of, even like (rare), Nah 1:10 עַד סִירִים סְבֻכִים (text dubious) entangled even like thorns, 1Chr 4:27 לא הִרְבּוּ עד בני יהודה did not multiply to the degree of (i.e.like), etc. compare. 2Sam 23:19 עַד הַשְּׁלשָׁה לֹא בָא did not attain (in prowess) unto the three.

II. conjunction 1. until; —
a עַד אֲשֶׁר until that: (a) with perfect, of past time, Exod 32:20 ויטחן עד אשׁר דָּק (Deut 9:21), Deut 2:14 עד אשׁר עָבַרְנוּ, Josh 3:17; Josh 8:26; Judg 4:24; 1Kgs 10:7 (2Chr 9:6), 2Kgs 17:20; 2Kgs 17:23; 2Kgs 21:16 with suggestion of degree, 1Sam 30:4 (followed byאֵין), 1Kgs 17:17 rarely of future time (the 'future perfect,' Dr§ 17), 2Sam 17:13 (of degree), Ezek 34:21 So -עַד שֶׁ (often in Late Hebrew; see שֶׁ) Judg 5:7; Song 3:4 (twice in verse); עַד כִּי Gen 26:13 עַד כִּיגָֿדַל מְאֹד, Gen 41:49; 2Sam 23:10; 2Chr 26:15 and (of future time) עַד אֲשֶׁר אִם Gen 28:15; Num 32:17; Isa 6:11.
   (b) with imperfect, usually of future time, Gen 27:44 עַד אֲשֶׁר תָּשׁוּב חֲמַר אָחִיךָ, Gen 29:8; Exod 23:30; Exod 24:14; Lev 22:4; Num 11:20; Num 20:17; 1Sam 22:3; Hos 5:15 +; rarely of past time, Jonah 4:5 עד אשׁר יראה till he should see, Eccl 2:3. So (of the future) -עַד שֶׁ Song 2:7; Song 2:17; Song 3:5; Song 4:6; Song 8:4; Ps 123:2 and עַד כִּי Gen 49:10 עַד כִּייָֿבאֹ שִׁילֹה.


  b. עַד alone, until:
   (a) with perfect, of past time, Josh 2:22; Josh 4:23 עַדעָֿבַרְנוּ, 1Sam 20:41 עַד דָּוִד הִגְדִּיל, 2Sam 21:10; 1Kgs 11:16; Ezek 28:15 of the future (rare), 2Kgs 7:3 עַד מָ֑תְנוּ, Ezek 39:15; Dan 11:36 עַד כָּלָה זָ֑עַם. So עַד סִם (of the future), Gen 24:19; Gen 24:33; Isa 30:17; Ruth 2:21.
   (b) with imperfect, of future time, 1Sam 1:22 (elliptic: compare Judg 16:2, 12 a
   (b) end), Isa 22:14; Isa 26:20; Isa 32:15; Isa 62:1; Isa 62:7; Ps 57:2; Ps 71:18; Job 27:5 +; of the past (rare), Exod 15:16 עד יעבור עמך, vExod 15:16; Josh 10:13 (poetry) עַד יִקֹּם גּוֺי אוֺיְבָיו, Ps 73:17. —

N.B. In poetry, עַד is sometimes used to mark not an absolute close, but an epoch or turning-point, in the future, as Ps 110:1 (see De) עַד אָשִׁית אֹיְבֶיךָ הֲדֹם לְרַגְלֶיךָ, Hos 10:12; Job 14:6 (but see 3); after a negative clause, Gen 49:10; Num 23:24; Isa 42:4; Ps 71:18; Ps 112:8; Job 8:21 (but read probably with Ew Hi Di Du al. עֹד he will yet, etc., understanding vJob 8:20 as present, not future).

2. While (rare: compare 12 b): —
  a. with perfect, 1Sam 14:19 עד דִּבֶּר שׁאול while Saul spake.
  b. with imperfect, Ps 141:10 יַחד אָנֹכִי עַד אֶעֱבֹר while I at the same time pass by.
  c. with participle, Job 1:18 עַד זֶה מְדַבֵּר (but read probably עֹד, as vJob 1:16 vJob 1:17), Neh 7:3.
  d. -עַד שֶׁ (without verb) Song 1:12. So עַד לֹא while not = ere yet (of past time) Prov 8:26 עד לא עשׂה אדץ (so עַד לָא, , often, e.g. Gen 24:15 ᵑ7, Matt 1:18); and עד אשׁר לא (of the future) Eccl 12:1; Eccl 12:2; Eccl 12:6 (compare Talmud עַד דְּלָא, Mishna שֶׁלּאֹ עַד).

3. Of degree, to the point that, so that even (rare), Isa 47:7 Thou saidst, I shall be for ever a lady, עַד לֹא שַׂמְתְּ אֵלֶּה עַל לִבֵךְ to the point that (going so far in thy pride that) thou didst not, etc. (but Hi Che Du al. join גְּבֶרֶת עַד I shall be for ever, a lady perpetually; see I. עַד); Job 14:6 (Di De Bu Du) to the point that he may enjoy, etc., Isa 22:14 (Du). In Josh 17:14 עַד אֲשֶׁר ׳עַד כֹּה ֵ˜בּרְכַנִי י, read עַל אֲשֶׁר because that (Ges Buhl; compare Di).

III. עַד לְ, a strengthened form for עַד, found chiefly in Chronicles, Ezra, and occurring in most of the above senses. Thus

1. of space: לְבוֺא חֲמָת עַד Josh 13:5; Judg 3:3; 1Chr 13:5, מִדְבָּ֫רָה ׳עד ל 1Chr 5:9, מצרים ׳עד ל 2Chr 16:8 עַד לְמִזְרַהּ הַגָּ֑יְא 1Chr 4:39, עַד לַמְצָד 1Chr 12:17 עַד לִגְרָר 2Chr 14:12 עַד לַשָּׁמַיִם 2Chr 28:9; Ezra 9:6.

2. Of time: עד לעולם 1Chr 23:25; 1Chr 28:7 לְמֵרָחוֺק עַד 2Chr 26:15; Ezra 3:13; Ezra 9:4 עד למנחת הערב; עַד לַדָּבָר הַזֶּה Ezra 10:14 probably during (KeilGes Be with regard to, strengthened for לְ); followed by infinitive עַד לַעֲלוֺת הַמִּנְחָה 1Kgs 18:29 עַד לִכְלוֺת 1Chr 28:20; 2Chr 29:28 עַד לְכַלֵּה 2Chr 24:10; 2Chr 31:1 עד להשׁחית 2Chr 26:16 עַד לָמוּת 2Chr 32:24 (|| 2Kgs 20:1 לָמוּת alone); Ezra 10:14 עד להשׁיב.

3. Of degree: עַד לְמַחֲנֶה גָדוֺל even unto (till there was) a great camp, 1Chr 12:23 עַד לְמַ֫עְלָה = exceedingly 2Chr 16:12; 2Chr 17:12; 2Chr 26:8 עַד לִמְאֹד 2Chr 16:14 עַד לְשִׂמְחָה 2Chr 29:30 עַד לָרֹב 2Chr 31:30 עַד לְאֵין מַרְפֵּא 2Chr 36:16.

BDB6199 H6258 H2088 H2009 H5704 H3588

BDB6198 | BIBLICAL HEBREW | BDB6200

עַתָּ֫ה435 (also Ezek 23:43; Ps 74:6 עת Kt, Qr עַתָּה), עָ֑֫תָּה Gen 32:5 +, adverb of time, now (properly accusative of [`int],עֵת (Köii. 260), at the time, in particular of the present time, i.e. now; compare German zur Zeit, Arabic at the time, i.e. now); — now:

1. a. Gen 12:19 ועתה הנה אשׁתך and now, behold thy wife, Gen 22:12 כי עתח ידעתי now, I know (so Exod 18:11; Judg 17:13; 1Kgs 17:24 [עַתָּה זֶה], Ps 20:7), Gen 26:22; Gen 26:29; Gen 27:36; Gen 31:13; Gen 31:28, etc., Exod 5:5 הך רבים עתה עם הארץ; whether in opposed to past time, as Gen 32:11; Josh 14:11 כְּכֹחִי אָז וּכְכֹחִי עָ֑תָּה, Judg 11:8; 1Kgs 12:4; Isa 1:21 ועתה מרצחים, Isa 16:14; Hos 2:9 כִּי טוֺב לִי אָז מַעָ֑תָּה, Hos 13:2, Job 30:1 +, or to future, as Num 24:17 אֶרְאֶנּוּ ולא עתה, Judg 8:6 חֲכַף עַתָּהכְּֿיָדֶ֑ךָ ׳זֶבַח וצ, 1Sam 2:16 כִּי עַתָּה תִּתֵּן; = after all Num 22:38; Judg 8:2 = now at last 2Sam 24:16; 1Kgs 19:4; 2Kgs 19:25; Hos 7:2; Jer 4:12 and in the phrase מעתה ועד עולם Isa 9:6; Isa 59:21; (see below), Ps 113:2; Ps 115:18; Ps 121:8; Ps 125:2; Ps 131:3.
  b. of the imminent or impending future: Gen 19:9 עַתָּה נָרַע לְךָ מַהֶם. Gen 29:32 כי עתה יאהבני אישׁי, vGen 29:34; Exod 6:1 עתה תראה, Num 11:23; Num 22:4; 2Sam 20:6; Isa 33:10 (Ps 12:6), Isa 43:19; Isa 49:19; Amos 6:7 לכן עתה יִגְלוּ, Isa 49:19; Mic 7:4; Mic 7:10; Dan 10:20 and especially ἀσυνδέτως in Hosea, introducing a punishment, Hos 4:16 ׳וגו ׳עתה יִרְעֵם י Hos 5:7; Hos 8:8; Hos 8:13 (Jer 14:10), Jer 10:2.
  c. of a time ideally present (= then, from our point of view): Isa 29:22 לא עתה יבושׁ יעקב, vb Hos 10:3; Mic 4:9; Mic 4:10; Mic 4:11; Mic 4:14; Mic 5:3.
  d. describing a present state = as things are: 1Sam 8:5 thou art old, etc., עתה שִׂימָה לנו מלך, 1Sam 9:6; 1Sam 13:12; 1Sam 14:30; 1Sam 25:7b; 1Sam 27:1 now I shall be swept away one day, etc., 2Kgs 18:20; 2Kgs 18:25; Job 6:21; Job 14:16; Job 16:7.
  e. with an Imperative, as an encouragement, implying that the time has come for the exhortation or advice to be followed, Gen 31:13 עתה קים צא, Exod 18:19 עתה שְׁמַע בקולי, Num 22:11; Deut 2:13; 1Sam 30:8.

2. Phrases:
  a. עַתָּה זֶה (זְה 4 h) 1Kgs 17:24; 2Kgs 5:22.
  b. ועתה and, now, or now, therefore (וְ 4), drawing a conclusion, especially (compare 1 e) a practical one, from what has been stated: Gen 3:22 and now (since man has once been disobedient), lest he put forth his hand, etc., Gen 20:7; Gen 20:23 וְעַתָּה הִשָּֽׁבְעָה לִי הֵ֫נָּה, Gen 27:3; Gen 27:8 ועתה בני שְׁמַע בקולי, Gen 30:30; Gen 31:16; Gen 31:44; Gen 37:20 + often, Isa 5:3; Isa 5:5; Ps 2:10; Gen 11:6 ׳ועתה לאֹיִֿבָּצֵר מֵהֶם וגו, Gen 31:30; Gen 45:8; 2Sam 19:11; Ps 39:8 ועתה מַהקִּֿזִּיתִי אֲדֹנָי, Isa 52:5,
  c. וְעַתָּה הִנֵּה stating the ground on which some conclusion or action is to be based, Exod 3:9; Josh 14:10 (twice in verse); 1Sam 12:2; 1Sam 24:21; 1Kgs 1:18; Jer 40:4 (with ועתה usually repeated afer the הנה-clause).
  d. גם עתה Gen 44:10; 1Sam 12:16; 1Kgs 14:14; Joel 2:12; Job 16:19.
  e. מֵעַתָּה from now, henceforth, Jer 3:4; Isa 48:6; Dan 10:17 (according to some, here = from just now), 2Chr 16:9 מעתה ועד עוּלּסּ, see above 1 a end. feminine עַדעַֿתָּה until now, Gen 32:5, ׳וֶאֵחַר עדעֿ, Deut 12:9 ׳אל הנחלה לא באתם עד ע (opposed to the future), 2Kgs 13:23 especially after clause with מִן, 2Kgs 46:34 ׳מִנְּעוּרֵינוּ וְעַדעֿ (2Sam 19:8; Ezek 4:14), Exod 9:18; 2Kgs 8:6; Ruth 2:7.
  g. כִּי עַתָּה for in this case, in our idiom, for them (עתה pointing to a condition assumed as a possible contingency: compare Dr§ 141, 142); (a) Exod 9:15 כי עתה ׳שׁלחתי וגו for then (if the intention expressed in vExod 9:14 had not existed) I should have put forth my hand, etc., Num 22:29 כי עתה הֲרַגְתִּיךְ, 1Sam 13:13; Job 3:13 followed by imperfect Job 6:3 for then (if it were weighed, vJob 6:2) it would be heavier, etc., Job 13:19 for then would I be silent and die; (b) after a protasis, surely then Gen 31:42 + (see כִּי 1 d b, p. 472). — Note. Read כְּמוֺ עַתָּ) (ᵐ5 ᵑ9) as now, for כְּמוֺ עֵת Ezek 16:57, עַתָּ נִשְׁבַּרְתְּ (ᵐ5 ᵑ6 ᵑ9) now art thou broken ! for עֵת נִשְׁבֶּרֶת Ezek 27:34, and probably עַתָּ בָּא (Hi We Kö Now, compare ᵐ5 ᵑ6) for עֶתבּֿאֹ Hag 1:2 also עַתָּה for אַתָּה 1Kgs 1:20, and אַתָּה for עַתָּה v1Kgs 1:18b 2Sam 18:3.

BDB9752 H5705 H5704

BDB9751 | BIBLICAL ARAMAIC | BDB9753

עַד35 preposition and conjunction even to, until (Biblical Hebrew III. עַד; so ᵑ7, Syriac, Old Aramaic, Nabataean, Palmyrene, Egyptian Aramaic (Lzb336 S-CA 5 +)); —

1. preposition:
  a. of space, even to Dan 7:13 עַדכָּֿא vDan 7:28.
  b. of amount, up to Ezra 7:22 (4 t.).
  c. of time, until Dan 2:20; Dan 6:15; Dan 6:27; Dan 7:18 (twice in verse); Dan 7:26; Ezra 4:24; Ezra 5:16 וְעַדכְּֿעַן; = our against Ezra 6:15 (compare Biblical Hebrew, p. 724:a top); to (the end of) = during Dan 6:8 עַד יוֺמִין תְּלָתִין, v.Dan 6:13; Dan 7:12; Dan 7:25. On עַדאָֿחֳרָן Dan 4:5 see אָחֳרָן; and on עַדדִּֿבְרַת דִּי Dan 4:14 see [ דִּבְרָה].
2. conjunction:
  a. עַדדִּֿי until, followed by perfect (of past time) Dan 2:34; Dan 4:30; Dan 5:21; Dan 7:4; Dan 7:9; Dan 7:11; Dan 7:22 followed by imperfect (of future) Dan 2:9; Dan 4:20; Dan 4:22 (twice in verse); Dan 4:29. — Dan 6:25 ׳לָא מְטוֺ ֗֗֗ עַד דִּי שְׁלִטוּ וג up to the time that . . . , i.e. ere that.
  b. עַד alone, Ezra 4:21; Ezra 5:5.

unto, until, to, till, for, …
ʿad
as far (or long, or much) as, whether of space (even unto) or time (during, while, until) or degree (equally with)
  • (prep) as far as, even to, until, up to, while, as far as
    • of space
      • as far as, up to, even to
      in combination
      • from...as far as, both...and (with 'min'—from)
      of time
      • even to, until, unto, till, during, end
      of degree
      • even to, to the degree of, even like
    (conj) until, while, to the point that, so that even

הָ עֶ֗רֶב
הָ
Prefix — article the
עֶ֗רֶב
Root word even, evening, night, eventide, mingled, …
Dictionary form: עֶרֶב · eh-REB

Noun — Common, masculine singular, absolute state

In the KJV here: evening
the even ×30 even ×21 at even ×13 the evening ×12 in the evening ×6 and evening ×5 and at even ×4 evening ×4
More options
evening — Most natural modern equivalent; broadly applicable in prose.
dusk — Emphasizes fading light; good for poetic or atmospheric contexts.
nightfall — Stresses the onset of darkness rather than twilight quality.
twilight — Highlights the transitional, in-between character of the hour.
sundown — Concrete and vivid; suits liturgical or calendar contexts.

BDB6363 H6153

BDB6362 | BIBLICAL HEBREW | BDB6364

עֶ֫רֶב131 noun [masculine] 1Sam 20:5 strike out הַשְּׁלִישִׁית see We Dr and others] (sun)set, evening; — absolute ׳ע 2Kgs 2:16 +, עָ֑רֶב Exod 12:18 +; construct עֶרֶב Prov 7:9 dual עַרְבַּיִם Exod 30:8 + 4 t., בָּ֑יִם- Exod 12:16 + 5 t. (all P); —

1. a. evening, originally sunset, and hence perhaps ׳לְעֵת ע at the time of sunset Gen 8:11 (J), Gen 24:11 (J; || לְעֵת צֵאת הַשֹּׁאֲבֹת), 2Sam 11:2; Isa 17:14 and (of the day of ׳י) Zech 14:7, ׳עֵת הָע Josh 8:29 (JE) ; usually ׳ע alone = time of sunset, evening: ׳בָּע in the evening Gen 19:1 (J), Gen 29:23 (E), Exod 12:18 (P), Deut 16:6 (+ שֶׁמֶשׁ כְּבוֺא), 1Kgs 22:35 (compare || 2Chr 18:34 where + לְעֵת בּוֺא הַשֶּׁמֶשׁ) + 20 t. + ׳בָּע(ֿ)בָּע 2Chr 13:11 (twice in verse) = every evening; ׳לָע at evening only late: 1Chr 16:40; 1Chr 23:30; 2Chr 2:3; Ezra 3:3; Ps 59:7; Ps 59:15; Ps 90:6; Eccl 11:6 ; ׳לִפְנוֺת ע at the turn of evening Gen 24:63 (J), Deut 23:12 ׳ע as adverb accusative Exod 16:6 (P), Ps 55:18 as marking duration of impurity, in phrase ׳עַדהָֿע Lev 11:24 + 30 t. P + Lev 22:6 (H); of Day of Atonement ׳מֵע ׳עַדעֿ Lev 23:32 (P).
  b. dual in phrase (only P) בֵּין הָעַרְבַּיִם between the two evenings, i.e. probably between sunset and dark (see Thes [various views fully given]; otherwise DiExod 12:6; on form as possibly only expanded plural see Ges«GKC:88c»§ 88c), Exod 12:6; Exod 16:12; Exod 29:39; Exod 29:41; Exod 30:8; Lev 23:5; Num 9:3; Num 9:5; Num 9:11; Num 28:4; Num 28:8 .
  c. other phrases are: ׳צִלְלֵי ע Jer 6:4 (distinguished from צָהֳרָ֑יִם and לָ֑יְלָה vJer 6:5), ׳מִנְחַה (הָ)ע 2Kgs 16:15; Ezra 9:4; Ezra 9:5; Ps 141:2; Dan 9:21 ; ׳זְאֵבֵי ע see I. זְאֵב; for all combinations with בֹּקֶר morning, see ׳ב
1 d, e. 2. (late poetry) = night, עָ֑רֶב Job 7:4 compare בְּנֶשֶׁף בְּעֶרֶב יוֺם Prov 7:9 (|| בְּאִישׁוֺן לַיְלָה וִאֲפֵלָה).

even, evening, night, eventide, mingled, …
ʿereb
dusk
  • evening, night, sunset
    • evening, sunset
      • "night

וְ נִקַּמְתִּי֙
וְ
Prefix — connector and (sometimes: but, so, then)
נִקַּמְתִּי֙
Root word avenge, avenged, vengeance, taken, revengeth, …
Dictionary form: נָקַם · naw-KAHM

Verb — Niphal, Sequential Perfect (Weqatal), first person singular passive or reflexive — "it was done" / "he did it to himself" carries the story forward — try "and he will ___" the built-in subject is "I"

In the KJV here: that i may be avenged
avenge ×3 be avenged ×3 revengeth ×2 and avenge ×1 and avenger ×1 and have taken ×1 and revenged himself upon them ×1 and take vengeance ×1
More options
avenge — Most common rendering; acting on behalf of another.
take vengeance — Emphasizes the act as a deliberate, weighty response.
retaliate — Neutral, modern tone; good for legal or conflict contexts.
exact punishment — Formal register; highlights judicial or authoritative action.
get revenge — Colloquial; suits personal, emotional, or narrative contexts.
pay back — Informal; captures reciprocal justice in accessible language.

BDB5369 H5358

BDB5368 | BIBLICAL HEBREW | BDB5370

[נָקַם] verb avenge, take vengeance ( להנקם נקמי אויב (Niph`al + accusative of congnate meaning with verb); נקם, noun also Eccl 12:6 (compare Deut 32:41), Eccl 39:30; Eccl 48:7 Late Hebrew נָקַם especially in derivatives; Aramaic נְקַם (rare), in derived species; Arabic take vengeance ( upon), Lane3037; compare Ethiopic Di458 vindictae studium, ultionis cupido; Assyrian i‡‡imu, vengeance, requital, is possibly from √ אקם JägerBAS ii. 279); —

Qal Perfect 3 masculine singular suffix נְקָמֵ֫נִי 1Sam 24:13 Imperfect יִקּוֺם Deut 32:43 יִקֹּם Josh 10:13 2 masculine singular תִּקֹּם Lev 19:18 Infinitive absolute נָקֹם Exod 21:20 construct נְקֹם Ezek 24:8; Ezek 25:12 Imperative נְקֹם Num 31:2 Participle נִקֵם Nah 1:2 + 3 t.; feminine נֹקֶ֫מֶת Lev 26:25 —
1. avenge, take vengeance:
  a. God subject דַּם עֲבָדָיו יִקּוֺם Deut 32:43 the blood of his servants he avengeth (against those who slew them) (+ 1Kgs 2:5 ᵐ5L Klo); ׳נ absolute Nah 1:2 (twice in verse) with לְ (against Nineveh) Nah 1:2 נָקָם ׳נ (against Jerusalem) Ezek 24:8 עַלעֲֿלִילוֺהָם on their doings (his people's) Ps 99:8 נְקַם בְּרִית ׳נ Lev 26:25 (H) the vengeance of the covenant (against those who break it); נְקָמַנִי1Sam 24:13, with מִן of person from whom vengeance is taken (compare Jer 20:10).
  b. Israel and its leaders against their enemies, נקמה ׳נ with מִן against whom Num 31:2 (P); with accusative יִקֹּם אֹיְבָיו Josh 10:13 (poem).
  c. Edom against Judah נקם לְ ׳נ Ezek 25:12.
  d. in administration of justice against murder Exod 21:20 (E).
2. entertain revengeful feelings (opposed to אהב) against neighbour forbidden Lev 19:18 (H).

Niph`al Perfect 1 singular נִקַּ֫מְתִּי Judg 15:7; 1Sam 14:24 3 masculine plural נִקְּמוּ Ezek 25:12 imperfect יִנָּקֵם Exod 21:20 1 singular אִנָָּֽקְמָה Judg 16:28; Isa 1:24 3 masculine plural יִנָָּֽקְמוּ Ezek 25:15 Infinitive הִנָּקֵם Jer 46:10 + 2 t.; Imperative הִנָּ֫קֶם Jer 15:15 plural הִנָָּֽקְמוּ Jer 50:15: —

1. avenge oneself,
  a. ׳י subject with מִן of adversary Isa 1:24; Jer 46:10 with מִן advers., לְ for whom Jer 15:15 with בְּ adversary Jer 50:15.
  b. of Israel and champions with מִן Judg 16:28; 1Sam 14:24; Esth 8:13 with בְּ Judg 15:7; 1Sam 18:25.
  c. of enemies against Israel נקם ׳נ Ezek 25:15 with בְּ Ezek 25:12.
2. suffer vengeance (of law against murder) Exod 21:20 (E). Piel Perfect 1 singular נִקַּ֫מְתִּי 2Kgs 9:7; Jer 51:36 — avenge, ׳י subject דָּמִים מיד 2Kgs 9:7 blood at hands of; נִקְמָתֵךָ ׳נ Jer 51:36 take vengeance for thee.

Hoph`al Imperfect יֻקַּם Gen 4:24; Exod 21:21, יֻקָּ֑ם Gen 4:15 be avenged, vengeance be taken (for blood).

Hithpa`el Imperfect תִּתְנַקֵּם Jer 5:9; Jer 5:29; Jer 9:8 Participle מִתְנַקֵּם Ps 8:3; Ps 44:17 avenge oneself, ׳י subject לֹא תִתְנַקֵּם ׳נַפְשִׁי בְּ Jer 5:9; Jer 5:29; Jer 9:8 of Israel's enemies אוֺיֵב וּמִתְנַקֵּם Ps 8:3; Ps 44:17.

avenge, avenged, vengeance, taken, revengeth, …
nāqam
to grudge, i.e., avenge or punish
  • to avenge, take vengeance, revenge, avenge oneself, be avenged, be punished
    • (Qal)
      • to avenge, take vengeance
        • "to entertain revengeful feelings
      (Niphal)
      • to avenge oneself
        • "to suffer vengeance
      (Piel) to avenge"(Hophal) to be avenged, vengeance be taken (for blood)"(Hithpael) to avenge oneself

מֵ אֹ֣יְבַ ֔י
מֵ
Prefix — preposition from, out of
אֹ֣יְבַ
Root word enemies, enemy, foes, enemys
֔י
Suffix — pronoun my / me
Dictionary form: אֹיֵב · oh-YABE

Verb — Qal, Participle Active, masculine plural, construct state simple action — "he did" ongoing action — try "___ing" or "one who ___s"

In the KJV here: on mine enemies
thine enemies ×30 their enemies ×22 mine enemies ×19 the enemy ×18 of the enemy ×14 of their enemies ×14 his enemies ×13 your enemies ×12
More options
enemy — Standard singular; most broadly applicable across contexts.
foe — Slightly formal; good for poetry or elevated prose.
adversary — Emphasizes active opposition; suits legal or military contexts.
opponent — Milder tone; useful when hostility is less intense.
attacker — Highlights aggression; best in battle or threat contexts.

BDB375 H340 H341

BDB374 | BIBLICAL HEBREW | BDB376

[אָיַב]283 verb be hostile to (Assyrian aibu (see Dlw), enemy = אֹיֵב) —

Qal Perfect וְאָיַבְתִּ֫י Exod 23:22 Participle אוֺיֵב (אֹיֵב) Exod 15:6 +; suffix (אוֺיְבִי)אֹיְבִי) 2Sam 22:18 = Ps 18:18 +; feminine suffix אֹיַבְתִּי Mic 7:8; Mic 7:10 אֹיִבְךָ Exod 23:4 +, etc.; plural אֹויְבִים Ps 68:24; Ps 127:5 אֹיְבִים Ps 139:22, etc.; — be hostile to, treat as enemy Exod 23:22 (E, Cov't code) וְאָיַבְתִּ֫י אֶתאֹֿיְבֶיךָ וְצַרְתִּ֫י אֶתצֹֿרְרֶיךָ (subject ׳י); elsewhere Participle 1Sam 18:29 וַיְהִי שָׁאוּל אֹיֵב אֶתדָּֿוִד; usually as substantive & mostly suffix; enemy, of personal foe Exod 23:4 (E || שׂנֵא vExod 23:5) Num 35:23 (P) 1Sam 19:17 (compare 1Sam 18:29) 1Sam 24:5; 1Sam 24:20; 2Sam 4:8; 1Kgs 21:20; Job 27:7; Ps 54:9; Ps 55:13 (|| מְשַׂנֵּא; opposed to אַלּוּף, מְיֻדָּע vPs 55:14) Mic 2:8; Prov 16:7; Prov 24:17 +; in simile Jer 30:14 (מַכַּת אוֺיֵב); of public national enemy, singular Judg 16:23; Judg 16:24 collective Exod 15:6; Exod 15:9; Deut 33:27; Nah 3:11; 2Chr 6:24 +; personified Mic 7:8; Mic 7:10 more often plural Exod 23:22 (E) Lev 26:7 f (H) Num 10:9 (P) Deut 1:42; Deut 6:19; Jer 15:9; Jer 34:20; Jer 34:21 +; of enemies of God, as protector of his people Num 10:35 (J) Judg 5:31; 1Sam 30:26; 2Sam 18:19; Ps 66:3; Ps 68:1; Ps 68:22; Nah 1:2; Nah 1:8; Isa 66:6 +; as morally supreme Job 13:24; Job 33:10; Ps 37:20; Ps 92:10 (twice in verse) +; of God as enemy of rebellious people Isa 63:10, in simile Lam 2:4; Lam 2:5.

enemies, enemy, foes, enemys
ʾōyēb
hating; an adversary
  • (Qal) enemy
    • personal
      • "national

וְ לֹֽא
וְ
Prefix — connector and (sometimes: but, so, then)
לֹֽא
Particle not
Dictionary form: לֹא · loh

Particle — Negative

In the KJV here: so none
not ×882 neither ×399 no ×282 nor ×215 shall not ×205 thou shalt not ×116 is not ×102 and not ×86
More options
not — Default negation; fits nearly every context.
no — Use before nouns or as a standalone negative.
never — Emphasizes total or timeless negation.
nor — Use in paired or continued negative clauses.
neither — Use when negating two elements together.
none — Negates a noun or quantity; no one/nothing.

BDB4266 H3808

BDB4265 | BIBLICAL HEBREW | BDB4267

לֹא or לוֺא adverb not (Arabic , Aramaic לָא, , Sabean לא, Ass. lâ; not in Ethiopic: compare Köii. 1. 236 WalkerAJSL 1896, 237 ff.) — לוֺא, according to Masora (FrMM 248), 35 t., besides בְּלוֺא 6 t., and הֲלוֺא, the orthography of which varies much (ib.p. 251), e.g. in Samuel always הֲלוֺא, in Chronicles always הֲלֹא, on the whole הֲלוֺא 141 t., הֲלֹא 128 t.; twice, according to Masora, written לו (Qr לֹא), 1Sam 2:16; 1Sam 20:2, once לה Deut 3:11 Kt: — not — denying objectively, like οὐ (not μὴ = אַל): —

1. in predication:
  a. with a verb; so most frequently, and nearly always
   (a) with the finite tenses, whether perfect (Gen 2:5 b Gen 4:5 etc.) or imperfect (Gen 3:4; Gen 8:21; Gen 8:22 etc.); in short circumstantial clauses, as Gen 44:4 לא הרחיקו, Isa 40:20 לֹא יִמּוֺט, and with a final force Isa 41:7; Exod 28:32 (see Ges«GKC:156»§ 156. 3 R. b, c Dr§ 162). Governing two closely connected verbs (Dr§ 115, לא) Exod 28:43 וְלֹא יִשְׂאוּ עָוֺן וָמֵתוּ, Lev 19:12; Lev 19:29b Deut 7:25; Deut 7:26; Deut 19:10; Deut 22:1 and elsewhere; and two parallel clauses (Ges«GKC:152»§ 152. 3) Isa 23:4b Ps 9:19; Ps 44:19; Job 3:1 and elsewhere With the imperfect, especially with 2 person, לֹא often expresses (not, like אַל, a deprecation, do not . . ., let not . . ., but) a prohibition, as Gen 2:17 לֹא תאֹכַל מִמֶּנּוּ thou shall not eat of it, Gen 3:1; Gen 3:3; Exod 20:3 לֹאיִֿהְיֶה לְךָ there shall not be to thee, etc., vExod 20:13 לא תגנב, etc. With the coh. and jussive moods (which are negatived regularly by אַל), it occurs only exceptionally (Ges«GKC:109»§ 109. 1 b R. 1), Gen 24:8; 1Sam 14:36; 2Sam 17:12; 2Sam 18:14; 1Kgs 2:6; Ezek 48:14.
   (b) with the infinitive (which is negatived by בִּלְתִּי, q. v.), only once, in בְּלֹא (4 a), and with לְ, in the sense of cannot, or must not; Judg 1:19 כי לא להורישׁ for it was not (possible) to dispossess, etc. Amos 6:10 לא ׳להזכיר בשׁם י, 1Chr 5:1; 1Chr 15:2 (Dr§ 202. 2); compare Aramaic לָא Dan 6:9; Ezra 6:8. On its use with the participle, see b c.
   (c) לא always negates properly the word immediately following: hence, in a verbal sentence, where this is not the verb, some special stress rests upon it, Gen 32:29 לֹא יַעֲקֹב ׳יֵאָמֵר עוֺד וג not Jacob shall thy name be called any more, but Israel, Gen 45:8 לֹא אַתֶּם שְׁלַחְתֶּם אֹתִי Not ye (in our idiom: It is not ye who) have sent me hither, but God, Exod 16:8; 1Sam 8:7 כִּי לֹא ׳אֹתְךָ מָאָסוּ כִּי אֹתִי וג, Ps 115:17 without a following correcting clause, Gen 38:9; Num 16:29 שְׁלָחָנִי׃ ׳לֹא י Not ׳י (but another) hath sent me, Deut 32:27 לֹא פָּעַל זֹאת ׳י, 1Chr 17:4; Deut 8:9; Isa 28:28 לא לנצח ֗֗֗ not for ever (but only for a while) . . . (so Isa 57:16; Ps 9:19; Ps 49:18; Ps 103:9 but Isa 13:20 לא תשׁב לנצח is, will not be inhabited for ever), Isa 43:22; Job 13:16; Job 32:9 hence rhetorically, insinuating something very different, not named, 2Kgs 6:10 not once, and not twice (but repeatedly), Ezra 10:13; Jer 4:11 a wind לֹא לְזָרוֺת וְלוֺא לְהַָ˜בר׃ not to winnow, and not to cleanse (but to exterminate), Isa 45:13; Isa 48:1b Josh 24:12; Dan 11:20; Dan 11:29; Job 34:20 לֹא בְיָד (but by a Divine agency: compare Dan 2:34 also Job 20:26 אֵשׁ לֹא נֻפָּ֑ךְ fire not blown upon [but kindled from heaven], Lam 4:6 and אין Isa 47:14).
   (d) standing alone:
   (a) אִםלֹֿא if not, Gen 18:21 וְאִםלֹֿא אֵדָֽעָה׃, Gen 29:49; Gen 42:16; Job 9:24; Job 24:25 (β) הֲאִ֗֗֗םלֿא, or not, Gen 24:21 waiting to know דַּרְכּוֺ אִםלֹֿא ׳הַהִצְלִיחַ י, Gen 27:21; Gen 37:32; Exod 16:4; Num 11:23; Deut 8:2; Judg 2:22 (compare אִם אַיִן, אַיִן 2 d β, δ). In answer to a question or request, to deny, or decline, Nay, Nö: Judg 12:5 ויאמר לא, Hag 2:12 לא אדני Gen 23:11; Gen 42:10; 1Sam 1:15 +; often followed by כי, Nö for . . . = Nö but . . ., Gen 18:15 ויאמר לֹא כִּי צָחָ֑קְתְּ, Gen 19:2; Josh 5:14; Josh 24:21; 1Sam 2:16 Qr (see Dr), 1Sam 10:19 (ᵐ5 MSS), 2Sam 16:18; 2Sam 24:24; 1Kgs 3:22 (twice in verse) +; Job 23:6 (strangely). (compare, in deprecation, אַל.)
   (e) with an interrogative force, which however does not lie in לא as such, but (as in other cases) in the contrast with a preceding clause, or in the tone of voice (compare וְ 1 f; Ew§ 324 a Ges«GKC:150»§ 150. 1 Dr1Sam 11:12): Jonah 4:11 ׳אַתָּה חַסְתָּוַ֗֗֗אֲנִי לֹא אָחוּס וג, Job 2:10; Job 22:11; Exod 8:22; 2Kgs 5:26; Jer 49:9 (|| Obad 1:5 הֲלוֺא), Mal 2:15; Lam 3:38 and in passages, exegesis or text. doubtful (see Commentaries), 1Sam 20:14; 2Sam 23:5 (but see Bu), Hos 10:9 (Ew We), Hos 11:5 (Ew), Job 14:16b (but ᵐ5 Ew Di תַעֲבֹר), Lam 1:12 (Ew Ke), Lam 3:36 (Ke Bä).
  b. with adjectives and substantive:
   (a) Gen 2:18 לֹא טוֺב הֱֶיוֺת הָאָדָם לְבַדֹּו not good is man's being alone, Exod 18:17 + often
   (b) Exod 4:16 לֹא אִישׁ דְּבָרִים אָנֹכִי, Amos 7:14 לא נביא אנכי, Num 23:9 לֹא אִישׁ אֵל וִיכַזֵּב, Deut 17:15 (see אשׁר
2. b) Deut 20:20; Deut 32:47; 1Sam 15:29; 2Sam 18:20 לֹא אִישׁ בְּשׂרָה אַתָּה הַיּוֺם, 2Sam 21:2; 1Kgs 22:33; 2Kgs 6:19 לא זִה הדרך, Mic 2:10; Isa 27:11; Hos 8:6 והמה לא אלהים Jer 2:11; Jer 16:20; 2Kgs 19:18; 1Kgs 19:11 (twice in verse) לֹא ׳בָרַעַשׁ י, Deut 30:12; Deut 30:13; Job 15:9; Job 28:14 לֹא בִי הִיא (|| אֵין עִמָּדִי)s, Ps 74:9; Jer 5:10 המה ׳לוא לי, Jer 10:16; Deut 32:21 בָּנִים לֹא אֵמוּן בָּם, Jer 10:14; Hab 1:14; Job 16:17; Job 38:26 מִדְבָּר לֹא אָדָם בּוֺ; 1Kgs 22:17 לֹא אֲדֹנִים לָאֵלֶּה, Jer 49:31; Ps 22:3 וְלֹא דוּמִיָּה לִי, Job 18:17; Job 18:19; Job 29:12 ולא עֹזֵר לו, Job 30:13; Job 33:9; Jer 2:19 וְלֹא פַחְדָּתִי אֵלַיִךְ and (that) my terror reached not unto thee, Job 21:9 absolute Gen 29:7 לֹאעֵֿתִ הֵאָסֵף הַמִּקְנֶה (Hag 1:2), Num 20:5; 2Kgs 4:23 לא חדשׁ ולא שׁבת, Isa 44:9; Jer 5:12 ויאמרו לוא הוא, Job 9:32; Job 22:16; Job 36:26; Job 41:2; Prov 19:7 (si vera lectio) מְרַדֵּף אֲמָרִים לֹאהֵֿמָּה words which are not, which are nought.
   (c) with the participle לֹא is rare, a finite verb being usually preferred (Exod 34:7 וְנַקִּה לֹא יְנַקֶּה: Ew§ 320 c Dr§ 162): 2Sam 3:34 יָדֶיךָ לֹא אֲסֻרוֺת, Ezek 4:14; Ezek 22:24; Deut 28:61; Ps 38:15 כְּאִישׁ אֲשֶׁר לֹא שֹׁמֵעַ who is not hearing, Job 12:3; Job 13:2 לֹא נֹפֵל אָנֹכִי מִכֶּם, Zeph 3:5 (very anomalous); 1Kgs 10:21 לא is probably textual error In וְהוּא לֹא שׂנֵא לוֺ or לא שׂנא הוא לו, Deut 4:42; Deut 19:4; Deut 19:6; Josh 20:5 (compare אֹיֵב Num 35:23), שׂנֵא is best construed as a substantive, he being a not-hater to him afore-time. — In most of the cases under b, c, אין could have been employed; but the negation by לֹא is more pointed and forcible.

2. Not in predication:
  a. coupled to an adjective to negative it, like the Greek ἀ‐, but usually by way of litotes: Hos 13:13 בן לאחֿכם an unwise son, Ps 36:5 דֶּרֶךְ לֹא טוֺב a way not good, Ps 43:1 גוי לא חסיד, Prov 16:29; Prov 30:25; Prov 30:26; Ezek 20:25; 2Chr 30:17 : Isa 16:14 לוֺא כַבִּיר, compare Isa 10:7 לֹא מְעַט.
  b. with a participle Jer 2:2 ארץ לא זרועה, Jer 18:15 (the finite verb is more common: see Isa 62:12 עִיר לֹא נֱעֶזָ֫בָה (compare Isa 54:11), Jer 6:8 אֶרֶץ לוֺא נוֺשָׁ֫בָה, Jer 15:18; Jer 22:6; Jer 31:18; Zeph 2:1).
  c. Gen 15:13 בארץ לא להם, Jer 5:19; Hab 1:6 מִשְׁכָּנוֺת לֹאלֿוֺ, Prov 26:17 רִיב לֹאלֿוֺ.
  d. with a substantive, in poetry, forming a kind of compound, expressing pointedly its antithesis or negation (German un- is sometimes used similarly): Deut 32:5(?). 17. 21 a they made me jealous בְּלֹא אֵל with a not-God (with what in no respect deserved the name of God), vb בְּלֹא עָם i.e. with an unorganized horde, Amos 6:13 הַשְּׂמֵחִים לְלֹא דָבָר i.e. at a thing which is not, an unreality (of their boasted strength), Isa 10:15 כְּהָרִים מַטֶּה לֹא עֵץ like a rod's lifting up what is no wood (but the agent wielding it), Isa 31:8 חרב לא אישׁ, חרב לא אדם, Isa 55:2 בלוא לחם for what is not bread, בלוא לשׂבעה for what is not for satiety, Jer 5:7 וַיּשָּֽׁבְעוּ בְּלֹא אֱלֹהִים by not-gods, in late prose 2Chr 13:9 כֹּהֵן לְלֹא אֱלֹהִים; Ps 44:13 תִּמְכֹּר עַמְּךָ בְּלֹאהֿוֺן for no-value (i.e. cheaply), Prov 13:23; Job 10:12 צלמות וְלֹא סְדָרִים darkness and disorder; so לֹאעַֿמִּי Hos 1:9; Hos 2:25: still more pregnantly Job 26:2 a מֶהעָֿזַרְתָּ לְלֹאכֹֿחַ (poetic for לאשׁר אין לו כח) the powerless, vJob 26:2b; vJob 26:3a (Ew§ 286 g Ges«GKC:152»§ 152. 1 n.), Job 39:16 הִקְשִׁיחַ בָּנֶיהָ לְלֹא לָהּ useth hardly her young ones (making them) into none of hers; and even Hab 2:6 הַמַּרְבֶּה לֹאלֿוֺ what is not his own (compare Job 18:15 מִבְּלִי לוֺ). compare with a verb, and ellipse of אשׁר, Isa 65:1 לְלֹא שָׁאָ֑לוּ to those who have not asked, vb Jer 2:8 אַחֲרִי לֹא יוֺעִילוּ, vJer 2:11b; also לֹא רֻחָ֫מָה Hos 1:6; Hos 1:8; Hos 2:25, and probably Job 31:31 לֹא נִשְׂבָּ֑ע (perfect in p.) one not satisfied.
  e. in circumstantial clauses (Dr§ 164), in poetry and rare: qualifying a substantive, 2Sam 23:4 בֹּקֶר לֹא עָבוֺת a morning without clouds, Job 12:24 בְּתֹהוּ לֹא דֶרֶךְ in a pathless waste, Job 38:26a; and a verb Job 34:24 יָרֹעַ כַּבִּרִים לֹא חֵקֶר without inquiry, Ps 59:4 לא פשׁעי ולא חטאתי (compare vPs 59:4 בלי עון), in late prose, twice, 1Chr 2:30; 1Chr 2:32 וימת לא בנים (אֵין and בְּלִי, q. v., are more usual in such cases).

3. Once (according to many MSS), as a substantive, Job 6:21 כִּיעַֿתָּה הֱיִיתֶם לֹא for now are ye become nothing, Hi De Kö (compare Dan 4:32 (Aramaic) כְּלָה חֲשִׁיבִין, ᵑ7 here כְּלָא הֲוֵיתוּן, and אַל Job 24:25); but reading fluctuates (Orientals לֹא, Qr לו, Westerns, Baer (see pp. 37, 56) לוֺ ['now are ye become that,' namely the נַחַל אַכְזָב of vJob 24:15]; but even לוֺ yields a forced sense; and text is probably wrong: Mich Ew Ol Sgf Bu כֵּןלִ֗֗֗י (ᵐ5 ᵑ6 also read לִי); Bö Di כִּילְ֗֗֗אָ֑יִן. compare Köii. 1. 236 f.
4. With prefixes: —
  a. בְּלֹא31 (chiefly in poetry or late), according to the varying significance of בְּ:
   (a) usually with not = without, Jer 22:13 בונה ביתו בלאֿ צדק without justice (|| בלא משׁפט; so Ezek 22:29; Prov 16:8), Isa 55:1 (twice in verse); Prov 19:2; Job 8:11 הֲיִגְאֶהגֹּֿמֶא בְּלֹא בִצָּה without mire || כלי מים, Job 30:28 בְּלֹא חַמָּה (=not through the sun), Lam 1:6 וילכו בלאכֿח, Num 35:22 בְּלֹא אֵיבָה ֗֗֗ בְּלֹא צְדִיָּה, vNum 35:23 (followed by infinitive) בְּלֹא רְאוֺת, 2Chr 21:20; Eccl 10:11; Ps 17:1 תְּפִלָּתִי בְּלֹא שִׂפְתֵי מִרְמָה; used more freely in Chronicles, 1Chr 12:18 בְּלֹא חָמָס בְּכַפָּֽי׃, v.1Chr 12:34 בְּלֹא לֵב וָלֵב, 2Chr 30:18 בְּלֹא כַכָּתוּב. With ellipse of rel., Lam 4:14 בְּלֹא יוּכְלוּ יִגְּעוּ without (that) men are able to touch, etc.
   (b) of time, in not, i.e. outside of, Lev 15:25 בלא עֶתנִֿדָּתָהּ, before Job 15:32 בלאיֿומו, Eccl 7:17 בְּלֹא עִתֶּךְ׃.
   (c) where לֹא belongs to the following word, and is only accidentally preceded by ב (see above 2 d), Deut 32:21 (twice in verse); Jer 5:7; Prov 13:23 בלא משׁפט through injustice; with בְּ pretii, Ps 44:13; Isa 55:2 (twice in verse); Jer 2:11 בְּלוֺא יוֺעִיל for (that which) profiteth not.


  b. הֲלֹא nonne ? Gen 4:7 + often Inviting, as it does, an affirmative answer, it is often used,
   (a) especially in conversation, for pointing to a fact in such a way as to arouse the interest of the person addressed, or to win his assent: Gen 13:19 Is not the whole land before thee ? Gen 19:20; Gen 20:5; Gen 27:36; Gen 29:25; Exod 4:11 Who maketh dumb or deaf, etc. Do not I ? Exod 33:16; Judg 4:6; Judg 4:14; Judg 8:2; Judg 9:28; Judg 9:38; 1Sam 9:20; 1Sam 9:21; 1Sam 15:17 etc.; with a verb in 1 person, Josh 1:9 הלא צויתיך, Judg 6:14 הלא שׁלחתיך, 1Sam 20:30; 2Sam 19:23; Ruth 2:9: similarly in a poetical or rhetorical style, Judg 5:30 הלא ימצאו יחלקו שׁלל, Isa 8:19; Isa 10:8; Isa 10:9; Isa 10:11; Isa 28:25; Isa 29:17; Isa 40:21; Isa 40:23; Isa 42:24; Isa 43:19 etc., Job 4:6; Job 4:21; Job 7:1; Job 10:10; Job 10:20, etc. (β) it has a tendency to become little more than an affirm. particle, declaring with some rhetorical emphasis what is, or might be, well known: Deut 3:11 הֲלֹה הִיא בְרַבַּת בְּנֵי עַמּוֺן, Deut 11:30; 1Sam 21:12 הלוא ׳זה דוד וג (compare 1Sam 29:3; 1Sam 29:5; 2Sam 11:3), 2Sam 23:19; 2Sam 26:1; 2Sam 15:35 it is thus nearly = הִנֵּה (ᵐ5 sometimes represents it by ιδου, as Josh 1:9; Judg 6:14; Ruth 2:9; 2Sam 15:35); so especially in the phrase of the compiler of Kings, And the rest of the acts of . . ., הֲלֹא הֵם (הֵמָּה) כְּתוּבִים are they not written in, etc. ? 1Kgs 11:41; 1Kgs 14:29 + often (with which there interchanges הִנָּם כְּתוּבִים 1Kgs 14:19; 2Kgs 15:11; 2Kgs 15:26; 2Kgs 15:31, which is generally used by the Chronicles, 2Chr 16:11; 2Chr 20:34, etc.), Josh 10:13 (compare 2Sam 1:18 הִנֵּה), 1Kgs 8:53 ᵐ5, Esth 10:2; Ps 56:14 (strangely: contr. Ps 116:8). — הֲלֹא הִנֵּה Hab 2:13; 2Chr 25:26 (הִנָּם). — On Judg 14:15, see הֲ 1 end.


  c. וָלֹ֕א and not=and if not, 2Sam 13:26; 2Kgs 5:17. compare וָּיֵשׁ.
  d. כְּלוֺא Obad 1:16 והיו כלוא היו, poetic for כאשׁר, as though they had not been.


  e. לְלֹא without, literally in the condition of no . . . 2Chr 15:3 (compare לְאֵין, also in Chronicles). Elsewhere לא belongs to the following word, Amos 6:13; 2Chr 13:9; Isa 65:1 (twice in verse); Job 26:2; Job 26:3; Job 39:16 (see above 2 d).

Note. — Fifteen times, according to Masora (see DePs 100. 3 FrMM 247 StrProl. Cr. 84), לא is written by error for לוֺ, namely Exod 21:8; Lev 11:21; Lev 25:30; 1Sam 2:3; 2Sam 16:18; 2Kgs 8:10; Isa 9:2; Isa 63:9; Ps 100:3; Ps 139:16; Job 13:15; Job 41:4; Prov 19:7; Prov 26:2; Ezra 4:2 (always with Qr לוֺ). The passages must be considered each upon its own merits: in some לוֺ yields a preferable sense; but this is not the case in all. There is the same קרי (rightly) on Isa 49:5; 1Chr 11:20 but these were not considered to rest upon equal authority, and are hence not reckoned with the fifteen. — In Judg 21:22 (see GFM), 1Sam 13:13; 1Sam 20:14 (twice in verse), and in Job 9:33 לֹא יֵשׁ, read probably לֻא for לֹא.

BDB4344 H3808

BDB4343 | BIBLICAL HEBREW | BDB4345

לוֺ (Kt 1Sam 2:16; 1Sam 20:2), לוֺא, see לֹא.

BDB9632 H3808 H3809

BDB9631 | BIBLICAL ARAMAIC | BDB9633

לָא (לָה Dan 4:32) adverb not (Biblical Hebrew לא; Aramaic of Têma, Egyptian, etc., לא; Nerab ל (Lzb301 CookG1. 67); ᵑ7 לָא; Syriac ); — not Jer 10:11; Dan 2:5; Dan 2:9; Dan 2:10, etc.; before a participle (so rarely in Biblical Hebrew, 1 b c), Dan 2:27; Dan 2:43; Dan 3:16; Dan 4:4; Dan 4:6; Dan 4:15 +, so v.Dan 4:32 וְכָלדָּֿאְרֵי אַרְעָא כְּלָה חֲשׁיבִין; are as men not accounted of (so Bev Behrm Marti, compare Isa 53:8 ᵑ7 בסירין ולא חשׁיבין; > most 'accounted as nothing,' for which no analogy, yet compare Ps 39:6 ᵑ7); followed by אִיתַי, see אִיתַי. With infinitive and לְ Dan 6:9 דִּי לָא לִהַשְׁנָיָה which it is not to alter = which is not to be altered (compare v.Dan 6:16), Ezra 6:8 (K§ 67, 1 Dr§ 202, 2.; compare Isa 35:6 ᵑ7, DAramaic Dialektproben, p. 1). With interr. הֲלָא Dan 3:24; Dan 4:27; Dan 6:13.

BDB9640 H3809 H3861 H518 H2006 H3808 H3588

BDB9639 | BIBLICAL ARAMAIC | BDB9641

II. לָהֵן conjunction except, but (from לָא and הֵן 'not if' (compare Hebrew אם לא Gen 24:38); so Nabataean and Egyptian Aramaic להן Cooke217, 219, 241 S-CPap. C 6, 7 +; lâinnî, however SocArab. Dial. see Marokko 44, Anm. 103; ᵑ7 אִילָּהֵין Gen 32:28; Gen 43:3 and elsewhere); —

1. after a negative (= Biblical Hebrew כִּי אִם, q. v.):
  a. except Dan 2:11; Dan 3:28; Dan 6:6; Dan 6:8.
  b. but (German sondern) Dan 2:30.
2. without a negative: however, but Ezra 5:12.

not, no, neither, nor, none, …
lōʾ
not (the simple or abs. negation); by implication, no; often used with other particles
  • not, no
    • not (with verb—absolute prohibition)
      • "not (with modifier—negation)"nothing (subst)"without (with particle)"before (of time)

טָעַ֥ם
טָעַ֥ם
Root word taste, tasted, tasteth, but, perceiveth
Dictionary form: טָעַם · taw-AM

Verb — Qal, Perfect (Qatal), third person masculine singular simple action — "he did" completed action — try "he ___ed" or "he has ___ed" the built-in subject is "he (or it)"

In the KJV here: tasted
taste ×4 i did but ×1 i taste ×1 i tasted ×1 o taste ×1 she perceiveth ×1 tasted ×1 tasteth ×1
More options
taste — Closest modern equivalent; broadly applicable in literal contexts.
sample — Use when tasting implies testing or trying a small amount.
savor — Emphasizes lingering enjoyment; suits poetic or reflective passages.
perceive — Fits figurative use, e.g. discerning a situation or quality.
sense — Neutral, slightly abstract; good for metaphorical perception contexts.
experience — Best for existential or wisdom contexts, e.g. tasting goodness.

BDB3357 H2938

BDB3356 | BIBLICAL HEBREW | BDB3358

טָעַם verb taste, perceive (Late Hebrew id.; Aramaic , טְעֵים taste; Assyrian noun ‰êmû, sense, command, ZimBP 92 LyonSargontexte 67 AsrbAnnals iii, 95; Arabic eat, taste, examine by tasting; Ethiopic taste, examine by tasting, etc.) —

Qal Perfect 3 masculine singular ׳ט 1Sam 14:24 3 feminine singular טָֽעֲמָה Prov 31:18 1 singular טָעַמְתִּי 1Sam 14:29; 1Sam 14:43 Imperfect 3 masculine singular יִטְעַם 1Sam 19:36 + 2 t.; 1 singular אֶטְעַם 2Sam 3:35 3 masculine plural יִטְעֲמוּ Jonah 3:7 Imperative masculine plural טַעֲמוּ Ps 34:9 Infinitive absolute טָעֹם 1Sam 14:13 —
1. taste, of eating in small quantity, followed by accusative לָ֑חֶם 1Sam 14:24, מְעַט דְּבַשׁ v1Sam 14:29, so v1Sam 14:43 (טָעִם טָעַמְתִּי); לֶחֶם אוֺ כָלמְֿאוּמָה 2Sam 3:35 מְאוּמָה Jonah 3:7.
2. of sense of taste, object אֶתאֲֿשֶׁר אֹכַל וְאֶתאֲֿשֶׁר אֶשְׁתֶּה 2Sam 19:36 so חֵךְ אֹכֶל יִטְעַםלֿוֺ Job 12:11 חֵךְ יִטְעַם לֶאֱכֹל Job 34:3.
3. figurative Prov 31:18 she tasteth that her gain is good (object clause with כִּי), i.e. she experiences that her trade is profitable; so מַעֲמוּ וּרְאוּ כִּיטֿוֺב יהוה Ps 34:9 taste ye and see that ׳י is good.

BDB9561 H2939 H2938

BDB9560 | BIBLICAL ARAMAIC | BDB9562

[טְעֵם] verb Pa`el feed (Pe`al properly taste, see Biblical Hebrew); — Imperfect 3 masculine plural, accusative of grass + ל person: יְמַעְ֑מוּן Dan 4:22; Dan 4:29, so (suffix person) יְטַעֲמוּנֵהּ Dan 5:21.

taste, tasted, tasteth, but, perceiveth
ṭāʿam
to taste; figuratively, to perceive
  • to taste, perceive, eat
    • (Qal) to taste

כָּל
כָּל
Root word all, every, any, whole, one, …
Dictionary form: כֹּל · kole

Noun — Common, masculine singular, construct state "___ of …" — bound to the next word

all ×1727 and all ×796 of all ×249 every ×158 in all ×133 according to all ×89 with all ×73 and every ×69
More options
all — Most versatile; fits nearly every syntactic context.
every — Prefer when distributing over individual items.
whole — Emphasizes totality or completeness of a single entity.
any — Best in negative, conditional, or open-ended clauses.
each — Highlights individuality within a set; more precise than 'every'.
entirely — Adverbial use; stresses completeness of an action.

BDB4037 H3605

BDB4036 | BIBLICAL HEBREW | BDB4038

כֹּל once כּוֺל (Jer 33:8 Kt.), noun masculine the whole, all (Moabite, Phoenician, id.; Aramaic כּוֺל, ; Arabic ; Sabean כל, compare DHMEpigr. Denk. 36-38; Ethiopic Assyrian kullatu) — absolute כֹּל, construct כֹּל Gen 2:5; Gen 2:16; Gen 2:20 + often, once כֹּלֿ Ps 138:2 (see Ba), but more usually כָּלֿ (with makk.: without it, Ps 35:10; Prov 19:7 Köi. 84, 95); suffix 2 masculine singular in p. כֻּלָּךְ Mic 2:12 2 feminine singular כֻּלֵּךְ Isa 14:29; Isa 14:31, כֻּלָּךְ Isa 22:1; Song 4:7 (perhaps for assonance with accompanying לָךְ, בָּךְ); 3 masculine singular כֻּלֹּה 2Sam 2:9 (see Dr) + 17 t. (never in Pentateuch), כֻּלּוֺ Gen 25:25 + 16 t.; 3 feminine singular כֻּלָּהּ Gen 13:10 + 15 t., כֻּלָּא Ezek 36:5 כֻּלָּנּו (16 t.); כֻּלְּכֶם (18 t.); כֻּלָּם (often), כּוּלָּם Jer 31:34, כֻּלָּ֑הַם 2Sam 23:6 (and probably Jer 15:10 כֻּלְּהֶם); 3 feminine plural כֻּלָּ֫נָה Gen 42:36; Prov 31:29 כֻּלָּֽהְנָה׃ 1Kgs 7:37: — the whole,

1. with following genitive (as usually) the whole of, to be rendered, however, often in our idiom, to avoid stiffness, all or every:
  a. Gen 2:2 כָּלצְֿבָאָם the whole of their host, vGen 2:13 כָּלאֶֿרֶץ כּוּשׁ the whole of the land of Kush; כָּלהַֿלַּיְלָה the whole of the night; כָּליִֿשְׂרָאֵל the whole of Israel = all Israel; Deut 4:29 בְּכָללְֿבָֽבְךָ with the whole of thy heart = with all thy heart; + very often With a plural noun, usually determined by the article or a genitive: Gen 5:5 כליֿמי אדם the whole of (= all) the days of Adam, Gen 37:35 כלבֿניו the whole of (= all) his sons, Isa 2:2 כלהֿגוים all the nations; Gen 43:9 + often כל הימים = continually. In poetry, however, the noun may remain undetermined, כָּליָֿדַיִם the whole of hands = every hand, Isa 13:7; Jer 48:37; Ezek 21:12 כלפֿנים i.e. every face Isa 25:8; Joel 2:6 כל שׁלחנות Isa 28:8 כל חוצות Isa 51:20; Lam 2:19 and elsewhere Before an infinitive Gen 30:41; Deut 4:7; 1Kgs 8:52; 1Chr 23:31. frequently with suffixes, as (כֻּלֹּה) כֻּלּוֺ the whole of him Gen 25:25; Job 21:23; Song 5:16, the whole of it Lev 13:13; Jer 2:21; Nah 2:1; Prov 24:31 כֻּלָּהּ the whole of it Gen 13:10; Exod 19:18; Exod 25:36; Amos 8:8 כֻּלָּךְ all of thee Song 4:7 + (see at the beginning); כֻּלָּנוּ the whole of us Gen 42:11; Deut 5:3; Isa 53:6 (twice in verse); כֻּלְּכֶם Deut 1:22; Deut 4:4; 1Sam 22:7 (twice in verse); כֻּלָּם Gen 11:6; Gen 43:34; Josh 8:24 ויפלו כֻּלָּם, Judg 11:6 בְּיַד כֻּלָּם, Isa 7:19; Isa 31:3 + often — Twice, strangely, with hyperb. intensive force, Ps 39:6 כָּלהֶֿבֶל the whole of vanity are all men (? omit כל, as vPs 39:12), Ps 45:14 כָּלכְּֿבוּדָּה the whole of gloriousness is the king's daughter.
  b. followed often by a singular, to be understood collectively, whether with or without the article: Gen 1:21 את כל נפשׁ החיה the whole of living souls = every living soul, Gen 2:9 כל עץ נחמד למראה the whole of trees (every kind of tree) pleasant to view, Gen 6:12 + כָּלבָּֿשָׂר, Gen 7:14 כל צפור כל כנף all birds of every kind of wing (so Ezek 17:23), vEzek 17:21 כל האדם the whole of mankind (so Num 12:3; Num 16:29; Judg 16:17 and elsewhere); in poetry כלאֿדם Ps 39:6; Ps 64:10 +; 1Sam 14:52 כל אישׁ גבור וכלבֿןחֿיל, 1Sam 17:19; 1Sam 17:24 כל אישׁ ישׂראל, 1Sam 22:2; Isa 9:16 כל פה the whole of mouths = every mouth, Isa 15:2; Isa 24:10 כָּלבַּֿיִת + often (in Isa 2:12-16 the singular and plural interchange); Ps 7:12 + בכליֿום, Ps 10:5 + בכלעֿת = at all seasons. So כלהֿעץ Gen 1:29, כלהֿבן Exod 1:22 = all the sons, כלהֿמקום Exod 20:24; Deut 11:24 = all the places, כלהֿמרכב Lev 15:9, vLev 15:26; Deut 4:3 כלהֿאישׁ אשׁר = all the men who. . ., Deut 15:19 כלהֿבכור, Jer 4:29 כלהֿעיר עזובה all the cities (notice the following בָּהֶן); כלהֿיום = all the days (see יוֺם 7 f), etc. In late Hebrew extended to such phrases as בְּכָלדּֿוֺר וָדוֺר Ps 45:18; Ps 145:13; Esth 9:28 בכלעֿיר ועיר 2Chr 11:12; 2Chr 28:25; 2Chr 31:19; Esth 8:11; Esth 8:17; Esth 9:28; 2Chr 32:28; Esth 2:11; Esth 3:14; Esth 4:3; Esth 8:13; Esth 8:17; Esth 9:21; Esth 9:27; Esth 9:28 (3 t. in verse) (compare וְ 1 i b).
  c. the genitive after כל is often a relative sentence, introduced by אשׁר: Gen 1:31 את כל אשׁר עשׂה the whole of what he had made, Gen 7:22; Gen 13:1 + very often Sts., with a preposition, כל אשׁר has the force of wheresover, whithersoever, as Josh 1:7 בְּכֹל אֲשֶׁר תֵּלֵךְ wheresoever thou goest, vJosh 1:16 אֶלכָּֿלאֲֿשֶׁר whithersoever (see אֲשֶׁר 4 b γ). Very rarely in such cases is there ellipse of the rel., as Gen 39:4 וְכָליֶֿשׁלֿוֺ נָתַן בְּיָדִי (contrast vGen 39:5 vGen 39:8), Exod 9:4 מכללֿבני ישׂראל, Isa 38:16 וּלְכָּלבָּֿהֶן חַיֵּי רוּחִי, Ps 71:18 לְכָליָֿבוֺא (Ps 74:3, see 2 a), 2Chr 32:31 peculiarly also in Chronicles (DrIntr 505), 1Chr 29:3 מִכָּלהֲֿכִינוֺתִי, 2Chr 30:18f.; Ezra 1:6 compare with כֹּל (2 a) 1Chr 29:11 a 2Chr 30:17; Ezra 1:5.
  d. with a suffix two idiomatic uses of כל have to be noticed:
   (a) כל is often made more independent and emphatic by being placed with a suffix after the word which it qualifies, to which it then stands in apposition (compare in Syriac, Arabic, Ethiopic), as 2Sam 2:9 יִשְׂרָאֵל כֻּלּהֹ, Jer 13:19; Jer 48:31; Isa 9:8; Isa 14:29; Isa 14:31 פלשׁת כלך Philistia, all of thee ! Mic 2:12; Hab 2:6; Job 34:13; Ps 67:4; Ps 67:6 especially in Ezekiel, as Ezek 14:5; Ezek 29:2 מצרים כֻּלָּהּ Ezek 32:12; Ezek 32:30 with change of person (compare the idiom in Isa 22:16; Isa 48:1; Isa 54:1 etc.), 1Kgs 22:28 = Mic 1:2 שׁמעו עמים כלם Hear, nations, all of them ! Mal 3:9 הַגּוֺי כֻּלּוֺ. So even with כל preceding: Num 16:3 כָּלהָֿעֵדָה כֻּלָּם, Isa 14:18; Jer 30:16; Ezek 11:15 כל בית ישׂראל כֻּלֹּה the whole of the house of Israel, the whole of it (so Ezek 20:40; Ezek 36:10), Ezek 35:15; Ezek 36:5; Ps 8:8 (compare Sabean DHMl.c.);
   (b) with the suffix of 3 masculine singular, understood as referring to the mass of things or persons meant, כֻּלֹּה or כֻּלּוֺ, literally the whole of it, is equivalent to all of them, every one, Exod 14:7 and captains עַלכֻּֿלּוֺ upon the whole of it (the רֶכֶב collectively) = all of them, Isa 1:23 the whole of it (the people) loveth bribes, Isa 9:16; Isa 15:3; Jer 6:13 (twice in verse); Jer 8:6; Jer 8:10 (twice in verse); Jer 20:7; Hab 1:9; Hab 1:15; Ps 29:9 and in his temple כֻּלּוֺ אֹמֵר כָּבוֺד the whole of it (= every one there) says, Glory ! Ps 53:4 (|| Ps 14:3 הַכֹּל); perhaps Isa 16:7; Jer 48:38 + Prov 19:6 Ew Hi (וְכֻלּהֹ רֵעַ): Jer 15:10 read כֻּלְּהֶם קִלֲלוּנִי.
  e. Hebrew idiom in certain cases affirms, or denies, of an entire class, where English idiom affirms, or denies, of an individual of the class; thus in a comparative or hypothetical sentence כל is = any, and with a negative = none:
   (a) Gen 3:1 the serpent was more subtil מכל חית השׂדה than all beasts of the field (in our idiom: than any beast of the field), Deut 7:7; 1Sam 9:2
   (b) Lev 4:2 a soul when it sins through ignorance מכל מצות יי֞ in all the commandments of Jehovah (= in any of the commandments, etc.), Lev 19:23 when ye . . . plant כלעֿץ מאכל = any tree for food, Num 35:22 or if he have cast upon him כָּלכְּֿלִי = any weapon, 1Kgs 8:37 b; joined with a participle in a hypothetical sense (Dr§ 121 n. Ges«GKC:116»§ 116. 5 R. 5), Gen 4:14 כל מצאי all my finders (= if any one find me), he will slay me, vGen 4:15 a Num 21:8 כָּלהַֿנָּשׁוּךְ = whosoever (= if any one) is bitten, 1Sam 2:13
   (c) with a negative, Gen 2:5 all plants of the field טֶרֶם יִהְיֶה were not as yet = no plant of the field as yet was, Gen 4:15 b לבלתי הכותאֿתו כלמֿצאו for the not-smiting him of all finding him = that none finding him should smite him, Exod 10:15 ולאנֿותר כל ירק = and no green things were left, Exod 12:16 כלמֿלאכה לא יעשׂה all work shall not be done = no work shall be done, Deut 28:14; Judg 13:4 אַלתּֿאֹכְלִי כָּלטָֿמֵא eat not of all that is unclean, Judg 19:19 אֵין מַחְסוֺר כָּלדָּֿבָר there is no lack of all things i.e. of any thing, Ps 143:2 כי לאיֿצדק לפניך כלחֿי, + very often (so οὐ πᾶς, as a Hebraism, in the N.T., e.g. Mark 13:20 οὐκ ἂν ἐσώθη πᾶσα σάρξ, Luke 1:37 οὐκ ἀδυνατήσει . . . πᾶν ρἧμα, as Jer 32:17 לֹאיִֿפָּלֵא מִמְּךָ כָּלדָּֿבָר, Gal 2:16 οὐ δικαιωθήσεται . . . πᾶσα σάρξ, etc.) Usually, in such cases, כל (or its genitive) is without the article, being left purposely indefinite: in Ps 49:18 (2 b a) הַכֹּל is emphatic (in Num 23:13 וְכֻלּוֺ לֹא תִרְאֶה the context shews that כֹּל is opposed to a part). feminine very anomalously, severed from its genitive, 2Sam 1:9 כִּיכָֿלעֿוֺד נַפְשִׁי בִי, Job 27:3 כִּיכָֿלעֿוֺד נִשְׁמָתִי בִי, Hos 14:3 (si vera lectio) כָּלתִּֿשָּׂא עָוֺן. On Eccl 5:15 ׳כָּלעֻֿמַּתשֶֿׂ see עֻמָּה.

Note. — When the genitive after כל is a noun feminine or plural, the predicate usually agrees with this (as being the really important idea), e.g. Gen 5:5 ויהיו כל ימי אדם, Num 14:1 וַתִּשָּׂא כָלהָֿעֵדָה, Nah 3:1; Ps 150:6 כָֹּל הַנְּשָׁמָה תְּהַלֵּל exceptions being very rare, Isa 64:10b Prov 16:2 (Ges«GKC:141»§ 141. 1 R. 2).
2. Absolutely:
  a. without the article, all things, all (mostly neuter, but sometimes masculine), the sense in which 'all' is to be taken being gathered from the context, Gen 9:3 נתתי לכם את כֹּל, Gen 16:12 וְיַד כֹּל בּוֺ, Gen 20:16 ואת כֹּל ונוכחת, Gen 33:11 וכי ישׁ לי כֹל, Num 8:16 בכור כֹּל מבני ישׂראל, Num 11:6 אֵין כֹּל nought of all things ! = there is nothing (so 2Sam 12:3; Prov 13:7, compare 2Kgs 4:2), 2Kgs 13:2 כֹּ֖ל נשׂיא בהם (compare 2Sam 23:28; 1Chr 3:9: usually so הַכֹּל), Deut 28:47 מֵרֹב כֹּל, vDeut 28:48 vDeut 28:37 בְּחֹסֶר כֹּל (compare Jer 44:18), Isa 30:5 כֹּל הֹבִאישׁ all exhibit shame, Isa 44:24 עשֶֹׁהכֹּֿל ׳י, Jer 44:12 וְתַמּוּ כֹל (unusual), Zeph 1:2; Ps 8:7; Ps 74:3 (read כֹּל הֵרַע), Ps 145:15 עיני כֹל, Prov 16:4; Prov 26:10; Prov 28:5; Job 13:1 הן כֹּל ראתה עיני, Job 42:2; 1Chr 29:11b 2Chr 32:22 (masculine), Dan 11:37 (see also 1 c end); מִכֹּל Gen 6:19; Gen 6:20b שְׁנַיִם מִכֹּל, Gen 14:20; Gen 27:33; Jer 17:9 עקוב הלב מִכֹּל, Dan 11:2 (masculine) After a negative = anything, Deut 4:25 תְּמוּנַת כֹּל the likeness of anything, Deut 8:9; Deut 28:55; Prov 30:30. In the genitive also, very rarely, to express the idea of all as comprehensively as possible: Ezek 44:30 כָּלבִּֿכּוּרֵי כֹל וְכָלתְּֿרוּמַת כֹּל; Ps 119:128 (si vera lectio) כָּלפִּֿקּוּדֵי כֹל all the statutes about everthing.
  b. with art. הַכֹּל:
   (a) where the sense is limited by the context to things (or persons) just mentioned, Exod 29:24 ושׂמת הַכֹּל ביד אהרן, Lev 1:9 והקטיר הכהן את הַכֹּל, vLev 1:13; Lev 8:27; Deut 2:36 לפנינו ׳את הַכֹּל נתן י, Josh 11:19 (compare 2Sam 19:31; 1Kgs 14:26 = 2Chr 12:9), 2Chr 21:43 הַכֹּל בָּא (compare 2Chr 23:14), 1Sam 30:19 הַכֹּל השׁיב דוד, 2Sam 17:3 (corrupt: see ᵐ5 Dr), 2Sam 24:23 (1Chr 21:23), 1Kgs 6:18 הַכֹּל ארז (compare 1Kgs 7:33; 2Kgs 25:17 = Jer 52:22), 2Kgs 24:16 הַכֹּל גבורים, Isa 65:8 לבלתי השׁחית הַכֹּל, Ps 14:3 or implied, Gen 16:12 יָדוֺ בַכֹּל, Gen 24:1 ברך את אברהם בַּכֹּל 2Sam 23:5 (poetry) עֲרֻכָה בַכֹּל, Isa 29:11 (peculiarly) חָזוּת הַכֹּל the vision of the whole, Jer 13:7; Jer 13:10 לא יצלח לַכֹּל, Ezek 7:14 וְהָכִין הַכֹּל (but Co וְהָכִינוּ הָכֵן), Ps 49:18 לא במותו יקח הַכֹּל: more frequently later, namely 1Chr 7:5 (as regards all), 1Chr 28:19; 1Chr 29:19; 2Chr 28:6; 2Chr 29:28; 2Chr 31:5; 2Chr 35:7; 2Chr 36:17; 2Chr 36:18; Ezra 1:11; Ezra 2:42; Ezra 8:34; Ezra 8:35; Ezra 10:17 (וַיְכַלּוּ בַכֹּל: see BeRy), Eccl 5:8 (בַּכֹּל, apparently = in all respects), Eccl 10:19; Eccl 12:13.
   (b) in a wider sense, all, whether of all mankind or of all living things, the universe (τὸ πᾶν), or of all the circumstances of life (chiefly late), Jer 10:16 = Jer 51:19 כי יוצר הַכֹּל הוא, Ps 103:19 (compare 1Chr 29:12), 1Chr 119:21 הַכֹּל עֲבָדֶיךָ, 1Chr 145:9 לַכֹּל ׳טוֺב י, 1Chr 29:12; 1Chr 29:14; 1Chr 29:16; Dan 11:2, and especially in Ecclesiastes, as Eccl 1:2; Eccl 1:14; Eccl 2:11; Eccl 2:17; Eccl 3:19; Eccl 12:8 הַכֹּל הֶבֶל, Eccl 2:16 הכל נשׁכח, Eccl 3:1 לַכֹּל זְמָן, vEccl 3:11 vEccl 3:19 vEccl 3:20; Eccl 6:6; Eccl 7:15; Eccl 9:1; Eccl 9:2 (twice in verse); Eccl 9:3; Eccl 10:3; Eccl 10:19; Eccl 11:5. כַּכֹּל, Job 24:24 (si vera lectio) כַּכֹּל יִקָָּֽפְצוּן like all men (i.e. like men in general).

BDB9612 H3605 H3606 H6903

BDB9611 | BIBLICAL ARAMAIC | BDB9613

כֹּל, כָּלֿ: noun masculine the whole, all (Biblical Hebrew כֹּל); — emphatic כֹּלָּא Dan 2:40 +, construct כֹּל Dan 2:12; Dan 3:2 +, כָּלֿ Dan 2:8 +, suffix 3 masculine plural כָּלְּהוֺן (so Palmyrene Lzb296 CookeNo. 117, Tariff ii.c.19 ii b. 18) Dan 2:38; Dan 7:19 (Qr feminine כָּכְּהֵּן); —

1. כֹּל חַכִּימֵי בָבֶכ the whole of ( = all) the wise men of B. Dan 3:2; Dan 3:3; Dan 3:5, etc.; Dan 6:2 כלמֿלכותא the whole ofthe kingdom, v.Dan 6:4 with suffix the whole of them, Dan 2:38; Dan 7:19.
2. with a singular noun, understood collectively, every, any, or with a negative none (Biblical Hebrew 1 b):Dan 3:29 דִּי כָלעַֿם אֻמָּה וְלִשָּׁן that every people, nation, and language, etc., Dan 6:8 מִןכָּֿלאֱֿלָה of any god, Ezra 6:12 כָּלמֶֿלֶח וְעַם; כל אנשׁ די every man who = whoever, Dan 3:10; Dan 5:7; Dan 6:13; Ezra 6:11; Dan 2:10 שׁאל כל מלך ֗֗֗ לא no king hath asked . . ., vDan 2:35; Dan 4:6; Dan 6:5; Dan 6:24 so כָּלדִּֿי (= Hebrew כָּלאְִֿשֶׁר) whoever Dan 6:8; Ezra 7:26, whatever vEzra 7:23, בְּכָלדִּֿי wherever Dan 2:38(compare אְִשֶׁר 4 b γ).
3. emphatic כֹּלָּא, used absolutely, as Hebrew הַכֹּל (Biblical Hebrew 2 b): Dan 2:40 חָשֵׁל כֹּלָּא crushing all things, Dan 4:9; Dan 4:18 וּמָזוֺן לְכֹלָּאבֵֿהּ and food for all was in it, v.Dan 4:25 כֹּלָּא מְטָא all came upon N. (compare חַכֹּל בָּא Josh 21:43), Ezra 5:7 שְׁלָמָא כֹלָּא all peace (K§ 83 d;) compare in Hebrew כֻּלּוּ etc., after their noun : Biblical Hebrew 1 d a). — For כָּלקְָֿבֵל see קְָבֵל.

all, every, any, whole, one, …
kōl
properly, the whole; hence, all, any or every (in the singular only, but often in a plural sense)
  • all, the whole
    • all, the whole of
      • "any, each, every, anything"totality, everything

הָ עָ֖ם
הָ
Prefix — article the
עָ֖ם
Root word people, nations, nation, peoples, folk, …
Dictionary form: עַם · am

Noun — Common, masculine singular, absolute state

In the KJV here: of the people
the people ×572 people ×220 of the people ×150 my people ×113 and the people ×110 his people ×78 thy people ×58 of my people ×50
More options
people — Most versatile rendering; fits collective and singular contexts.
nation — Emphasizes ethnic or political identity as a unified group.
community — Highlights shared belonging; good for social or covenant contexts.
population — Neutral, demographic tone; useful for census or mass-movement passages.
folk — Informal, grassroots feel; suits ordinary or rural settings.
crowd — Best for gathered assemblies rather than an ongoing social group.

BDB6144 H5971 H5993

BDB6143 | BIBLICAL HEBREW | BDB6145

I. עַם, עָם1840 noun masculineGen 11:6 (see below) people (Late Hebrew id., plebeian, common man; ᵑ7 עַמָּא people, plural peoples, tribes, etc.; Syriac ; Arabic see above; original meaning probably those united, connected, related, compare WeGGN 1893, 480); — absolute עַם Gen 11:6 +, עָם Judg 9:36 +, הָעָם Josh 8:11 +; construct עַם Num 21:29 +; suffix עַמִּי Exod 3:7 +, עַמְּךָ Exod 22:27 +, etc.; plural עַמִּים Isa 2:3 +, עֲמָמִים (compare Biblical Aramaic) Neh 9:22 construct עַמֵּי 1Kgs 8:43 +, עַמְמֵי Neh 9:24 plural with suffix see II. עַם; — (Thes cites following as feminine וְחָטָאת עַמֶּ֑ךָ Exod 5:16 [but corrupt and unintellig.; read perhaps ׳וְחַטָאתָ לְע, so ᵐ5 ᵑ6 Di]; Judg 18:7 [but ישֶׁבֶת must agree with lost word city, or the like, see GFM]; Jer 8:5 [but read שׁוֺבַב for שׁוֺבְבָה Gie]); —

1. a people, nation (sometimes || גּוֺי), collective noun (singular Exod 21:8; Josh 17:14; Josh 17:15; Josh 17:17; 2Sam 17:29 + often, or plural Exod 20:15; Exod 24:2; Jer 5:31 + often, or both in same clause Exod 1:20; 2Sam 13:24): עַם אֶחָד = all mankind Gen 11:6 (J); peoples in general Gen 27:29 (J; || לְאֻמִּים), Exod 19:5 (E), Deut 2:25; Deut 4:6 + often Deuteronomy; Neh 13:24 + often; קְהַל עַמִּים Gen 28:3 (P) an assembly (multitude) of peoples, Gen 48:4 (P), Ezek 23:24; Ezek 32:3 (+ רַבִּים); one's own people Jer 46:16; Ps 45:11; Ruth 1:10; Ruth 1:15; Ruth 1:16 (twice in verse) + (on עַמִּי נָדִיב Song 6:12 see especially Bu); particular peoples, Egypt Gen 41:40 (E), Exod 1:22 (E), Neh 9:10 +; עַםאֲֿרָם Amos 1:5 עַםכְּֿמוֺשׁ (i.e. Moab) Num 21:29 (JE), Jer 48:46 but especially Israel Exod 1:20 (E) + often; ׳עַםבְּֿנֵי יִשׂ vExod 1:9 (J); called יהוה ׳ע Num 11:29 (E), 1Sam 2:24 +, and (by ׳י) עַמִּי Exod 3:7; Exod 5:1 (J) + often (all periods); קְהַל עַםהָֿאֱלֹהִים Judg 20:2, עַםהַֿקָּהָל Lev 16:33 (P), קְהַל עָם Ps 107:32 especially הָעָם הַזֶּה (often in contempt or disgust) Num 11:1; Num 11:12; Num 11:13 +; figurative of ants Prov 30:25, the shaphan vProv 30:26, locusts Joel 2:2, compare לְעַם לְצִיִּים Ps 74:14 (where read לְעַם צִיִּים Hup-Now). — On Judg 1:16 see עֲמָלֵקִי.
2. = smaller units, e.g.
  a. inhabitants of a city Gen 19:4 (J), 1Sam 9:12; 1Sam 9:13; Jer 29:16; Jer 29:25; 2Chr 31:4 + (Jer 8:5 strike out ׳יְרוּוּשׁ ᵐ5 Gie Co Rothst).
  b. inhabitants of a locality Jer 37:12 [apparently not = tribe, Deut 33:3 read עַמּוֺ ᵐ5 Di Dr, Hos 10:14; Judg 5:8; Judg 5:14 read בְּעָרֶיךָ We Now; see below ד].
  c. retainers, followers Gen 14:16; Gen 32:8; Gen 33:15; Gen 35:6; Judg 3:18; Judg 8:5; 2Sam 15:17; Jer 41:13; Jer 41:14 +.
  d. people bearing arms 1Sam 11:11; 1Kgs 20:10 +; כָּבֵד ׳ע Num 20:20 (JE), i.e. a powerful force; עַם הַצָּבָא Num 31:32 (P), הַמִּלְחָמָה ׳ע Josh 8:1; Josh 8:3; Josh 8:11; Josh 10:7; Josh 11:7 (all J E); so probably Judg 5:8 a (fighting) band; perhaps also vJudg 5:14 (read singular ? see GFM Bu).
3. = common people Jer 21:7; Jer 22:4; Lev 4:27 (opposed to ruler vLev 4:22), Neh 5:1 (opposed to יְהוּדִים), Neh 7:5 (opposed to rulers).
4. people in general, persons Gen 50:20 (E), so apparently ׳כָּלהָֿעָם אֲשֶׁר וגו Exod 33:16 (J), Num 11:34 (J), Josh 5:5 (twice in verse) (D), Judg 9:36 (as singular), vJudg 9:37 (as plural), Jer 36:9 persons labouring 1Kgs 9:23 superior persons Job 12:2 (iron.); עַם עוֺלָם Ezek 26:30 people of long ago (now in Sh®°ôl).
5. phrases are:
  a. (עַמָּהּ, עַמִּי, עַמְּךָ) בְּנֵי עַמּוֺ members of one's people, compatriots, fellow-countrymen, etc. Num 22:5 (E), Gen 23:11 (P) Lev 19:18 (H), Judg 14:16; Judg 14:17; Ezek 33:2; Ezek 33:12 +.
  b. בְּנֵי הָעָם = common people (see 3) 2Kgs 23:6; Jer 26:23 +; people in general שַׁעַר בְּנֵי הָעָם Jer 17:19 i.e. public gate 2Chr 35:5; 2Chr 35:12.
  c. עַם הָאָרֶץ the people at large, as a body 2Kgs 11:14; 2Kgs 11:18; 2Kgs 11:19; 2Kgs 11:20; 2Kgs 15:5; 2Kgs 16:15; 2Kgs 21:24 (twice in verse) +, Jer 37:2; Jer 44:21; Lev 20:2 (H), Gen 23:7; Gen 23:12; Gen 23:13 (P); common people Jer 34:19, compare ׳הא ׳דַּלַּת ע 2Kgs 24:14 distinguished from prince Ezek 45:22; Ezek 46:3; Ezek 46:9, from priests Hag 2:4; Zech 7:5 = Canaanites Num 14:9 (JE), compare עַמֵּי הָאָרֶץ 1Chr 5:25 mixed post-exile population Ezra 4:4.
  d. עַמֵּי הָאָרֶץ usually peoples of the earth Josh 4:24 (D), 2Chr 32:19 +; of heathen peoples about and in Palestine after exile Ezra 10:2; Ezra 10:11 traders Neh 10:31 עַמֵּי הָאֲרָצוֺת Neh 9:30; Neh 10:29; 2Chr 32:13.
  e. מִשְׁפְּחוֺת עַמִּים Ps 96:7 = 1Chr 16:28 (compare Ps 22:28). feminine בַּתעַֿמִּי = people personified Isa 22:4; Jer 4:11 + 7 t. Jeremiah + Jer 6:14 (van d. H.; omit בַּת Baer Gi), Lam 2:11; Lam 3:48; Lam 4:3; Lam 4:6; Lam 4:10 בְּתוּלַת בַּתעַֿמִּי Jer 14:17.
  g. designations of Israel are: עַםקָֿרוֺשׁ Deut 7:6 + 3 t., קְדוֺשִׁים ׳ע Dan 8:24, (ה)קֹדֶשׁ ׳ע Isa 62:12; Isa 63:18; Dan 12:7 סְגֻלָּה ׳ע Deut 7:6; Deut 14:2; Deut 26:18.
  h. of foreign (non-Israel) peoples: ׳ע נָכְרִי Exod 21:8 (E), אַחֵר ׳ע Deut 28:32, and especially from language, עִמְקֵי שָׂפָה ׳ע Ezek 3:5 compare vEzek 3:6, כִּלְשׁוֺן עַם וָעָם Neh 13:24 compare Esth 1:22 (twice in verse); Esth 3:12, לֹעֵג ׳ע Ps 114:1.
  i. עַם עֶבְרָתִי Isa 10:6, חֶרְמִי ׳ע Isa 34:11, מִֿבְחָרָיו׳ע Dan 11:15, עַמֵּי תּוֺעֵבוֺת הָאֵלֶּה Ezra 9:14 לֹא עַם בִּינוֺת Isa 27:11. — For עַםעֿוֺלָם Isa 44:7 read (אֹתִיּוֺת) (מִי הִשְׁמִי)עַ מֵעוֺלָם Oort Du Kit CheHpt compare PerlesAnal. 40, 64.

BDB6147 H5971

BDB6146 | BIBLICAL HEBREW | BDB6148

II. [עַם] noun [masculine] kinsman

**later development of I. עַם RSK 58; 2nd ed. 72. (on father's side) (Arabic paternal uncle, etc., see I. עמם; compare perhaps Tel Amarna ammu, kinsmen (?); on Nabataean עם ancestor compare Lzb151, 499; see also especially NesEg 187, ZAW xvi (1896), 322f. Krenkelib. viii (1888), 280-84); — suffix עַמִּי in בֶּןעַֿמִּי (q. v.), and proper name following; elsewhere plural suffix עַמֶּיךָ Num 27:13; Num 31:2 (Lev 19:16 read עַמְּךָ ᵐ5 ⅏), + (possibly) עֲמָָמֶיךָ Judg 5:14 עַמָּיו Gen 25:8 + 15 t., עַמֶּיהָ Gen 17:14 + 3 t.; read עַמֶּי (for ᵑ0 עַמִּי, I. עַם; compare Krenkell.c. 281) Gen 49:29 and perhaps Judg 14:3 (compare Lev 21:14); according to Buhl Kit also 2Kgs 4:13 — father's kinsmen: וַיֵּאָסֵף אֶלעַֿמָּיו Gen 25:8 (of joining kinsmen in Sh®°ôl), so vGen 25:17; Gen 35:29; Gen 49:33; Num 20:24; Deut 32:50, compare Gen 49:29 (see above), Num 27:13; Num 31:2; Deut 32:50 (all P); וְנִכְרְתָה הַנֶּפֶשׁ מֵעַמֶּיהָ Gen 17:4 (severed from living kinsmen), so Lev 7:20; Lev 7:21; Lev 7:23; Lev 7:27; Lev 19:8; Lev 23:29; Num 9:13, מִקֶּרֶב עַמֶּיהָ Exod 31:14, compare Exod 30:33; Exod 30:38; Lev 17:9 (all PH); מֵעַמָּיו יִקַּח אִשָּׁה Lev 21:14 (H), and perhaps Judg 14:3 (simile I. עַם: [םָ֯, הָּ֯] מִקֶּרֶב עַמּוֺ Lev 17:4; Lev 17:10; Lev 18:29+); other combinations Judg 5:14 (si vera lectio read perhaps בְּעַמֶּ֑ךָ, see I. עַם 2 d ), Lev 21:1; Lev 21:4; Lev 21:15 (H), Ezek 18:18 and (perhaps) 2Kgs 4:13. — בֶּןעַֿמִּי perhaps = son of my kinsman; on proper name with עַם see GrayProp. N. 41 ff.

BDB9776 H5971 H5972

BDB9775 | BIBLICAL ARAMAIC | BDB9777

עַם noun masculineEzra 6:12 people (see Biblical Hebrew I. עמם, עַם); — ׳ע absolute Dan 2:44; Dan 3:29; Ezra 6:12, construct Dan 7:27 emphatic עַמָּה Ezra 5:12, עַמָּא Ezra 7:13; Ezra 7:16; Ezra 7:25 plural emphatic עַמֲמַיָּא (K§§ 15d); 55, 5 a)) Dan 3:4; Dan 3:7 (twice in verse); Dan 3:31; Dan 5:19; Dan 6:26; Dan 7:14.

people, nations, nation, peoples, folk, …
ʿam
a people (as a congregated unit); specifically, a tribe (as those of Israel); hence (collectively) troops or attendants; figuratively, a flock
  • nation, people
    • people, nation
      • "persons, members of one's people, compatriots, country-men
    kinsman, kindred

לָֽחֶם
לָֽחֶם
Root word bread, food, meat, shewbread, loaves, …
Dictionary form: לֶחֶם · leh-HEM

Noun — Common, both singular, absolute state

In the KJV here: any food
bread ×102 of bread ×26 the bread ×24 with bread ×9 food ×8 meat ×8 and bread ×6 loaves ×5
More options
bread — Most direct equivalent; ideal for literal or culinary contexts.
food — Broader sense; use when לֶחֶם means sustenance generally.
grain — Emphasizes agricultural/cereal origin; good in harvest contexts.
loaf — Concrete, countable form; suits passages enumerating baked goods.
provisions — Collective sense; fits travel, military, or supply narratives.
meal — Social/relational nuance; prefer in feasting or hospitality scenes.

BDB4396 H3899

BDB4395 | BIBLICAL HEBREW | BDB4397

לֶ֫חֶם296 noun masculine1Sam 9:7 and (rarely) feminineGen 49:20 (see below, and Dr1Sam 10:4) bread, food (Phoenician לחם bread; Late Hebrew לֶחֶם; Aramaic לַחְמָא, , as Hebrew; Arabic flesh, meat, (compare Frä30)); — absolute ׳ל Gen 3:19 +; לָ֑חֶם Gen 31:54 +; לֶ֑חֶם Ps 14:4 + 2 t.; construct לֶחֶם Hos 9:4 +; suffix לַחְמִי Job 3:24 +, לַחְמְךָ Obad 1:7 +, לַחְמָם Hos 9:4b, + vHos 9:4a (for ᵑ0 לָהֶם), We GASm Now, + etc.; —

1. a. bread, the ordinary food of early Hebrews (BenzArchaeology 84 ff NowArchaeology i. 109 ff.) Exod 21:14 (E), Num 21:5; Josh 9:5; Josh 9:12 (JE), Deut 8:3; Deut 23:5; Exod 16:3 (P) +; ׳כִּכַּרלֿ loaf of bread 1Sam 2:36 + (see כִּכָּר below כרר), and without ככר (always with number) 1Sam 10:4; 1Sam 16:20 (see Dr), 1Sam 17:7; 1Sam 21:4; 1Sam 25:18; 2Sam 16:1; 1Kgs 14:3; 2Kgs 4:42; ׳חַלַת ל cake of bread 2Sam 6:19; Exod 29:23 + (see חַלָּה below I. חלל); made from barley (שְׂעֹרִים); Judg 7:13; 2Kgs 4:42 (see also לָחֶם above); from wheat-flour (סֹלֶת חִטִים) Exod 29:2 (P); compare the mixture Ezek 4:9 made by baking (אפה) Isa 44:15; Isa 44:19; Lev 26:26 (H; compare Jer 37:21); ׳פַּתלֿ a bit of bread 1Sam 2:36; 1Kgs 17:11; Prov 28:21, compare Ezek 13:19, as modest term for a hospitable meal Gen 18:5 (J), Judg 19:5; 1Sam 28:22; distinguished from meat (flesh), Gen 27:17 (J) 1Sam 25:11; 1Kgs 17:6 (twice in verse); Exod 16:8; Exod 16:12 (also vExod 16:3 above), Exod 29:32; Exod 29:34; Lev 8:31 (all P), Lev 23:18 (H), 1Chr 12:40; Ps 78:20; Dan 10:3 = a meal 1Sam 20:27, ׳אָכַל ל = take a meal Gen 31:54 (twice in verse); Gen 37:25; Gen 43:25; Gen 43:32 +; אכל לַחְמִי Ps 41:10 eat my bread, establishing an obligation, compare Obad 1:7 (read ׳אֹכְלֵי ל according to MartiKau AT; strike out ׳ל ᵐ5 Hi We, compare VB) ׳עשׂה ל = make a feast Eccl 10:19 ׳מַטֵּה ל staff of bread (as support of life), only late Ezek 4:16; Ezek 5:16; Ezek 14:13; Lev 26:26 (H), Ps 105:16 cf .׳מִשְׁעַן ל Isa 3:1 (gloss); leavened bread is חָמֵץ ׳ל Lev 7:13 unleavened bread is מַצּוֺת ׳ל Exod 29:2 (both P); (הַ)פָּנִים ׳ל bread of the face (of ׳י; i.e. in his presence, DiLev 24:9 Dr1Sam 21:7); in the sanctuary 1Sam 21:7; 1Kgs 7:48 = 2Chr 4:19; Exod 25:30; Exod 35:13; Exod 39:36, without ׳פ Exod 40:23 (all P); = הַתָּמִיד ׳ל Num 4:7 (P), קֹדֶשׁ ׳ל 1Sam 21:5 in Chronicles הַמַּעֲרָ֑כֶת ׳ל 1Chr 9:32 compare 1Chr 23:29; Neh 10:34, ׳ל ׳מ 2Chr 13:11 opposed to חֹל ׳ל 1Sam 21:5; תְּנוּפִה ׳ל Lev 23:17 wave-loaf; (הַ)בִּכֻּרִים ׳ל vLev 23:20; 2Kgs 4:42 bread of first-fruits.
  b. = bread-corn, the material from which bread is made, i.e. wheat, barley, etc.: Gen 41:54; Gen 41:55 (E), Gen 47:13; Gen 47:15; Gen 47:17 (twice in verse); Gen 47:19 (J), Gen 49:20 (poem in J), Isa 28:28; Isa 30:23; Isa 55:10; Jer 5:17; Ezek 48:18; Job 28:5; Prov 28:3; Ps 104:14 הָאָרֶץ ׳ל Num 15:19 (P), ׳ארץ ל 2Kgs 18:32 = Isa 36:17.
2. food in general:
  a. of man, Judg 13:16 (kid, vJudg 13:15) 1Sam 14:24 (twice in verse); 1Sam 14:28 (honey), 1Sam 28:20; 1Sam 30:12; Prov 22:9; Prov 27:27 (twice in verse) (goat's milk) +; ׳לְכָלבָּֿשָׂר נֹתֵן ל Ps 136:25. b. of animals, Prov 6:8; Prov 30:25; Prov 65:25; Job 24:5 + Ps 147:9
  c. of God (in sacrifices): אֱלֹהֵיהֶם ׳ל (compare RSSemitic i. 207, 2nd ed., 224) Lev 21:6 compare vLev 21:8 vLev 21:17 vLev 21:21 vLev 21:22, Lev 22:25 (all H), compare Num 28:2 (P), Ezek 16:19; Ezek 44:7, and מְגֹאָל ׳ל Mal 1:7, also (׳לי) אִשֶּׁה ׳ל Lev 3:11; Lev 3:16; Num 28:24 (all P).
3. other phrases and figurative uses are:
  a. רֶשַׁע ׳ל Prov 4:17 (accusative of congnate meaning with verb with לָחַם), probably = food gained by wickedness ׅ || (יִיִן חֲמָסִים, compare שָׁ֑קֶר ׳ל Prov 20:17, כְּזָבִים ׳ל Prov 23:3 עַצְלוּת ׳ל Prov 31:27 = bread of idleness, i.e. unearned; חֻקִּי ׳לProv 30:8 (opposed to riches and poverty, see חֹק); לַחַץ ׳ל 1Kgs 22:27 = 2Chr 18:26, vid לַחַץ below; הָעֲצָבִים ׳ל Ps 127:2 see II. עֶצָב; אוֺנִים ׳ל Hos 9:4, vid אָוֶן. p.20 a; אֲנָשִׁים ׳ל Ezek 24:17; Ezek 24:22 of food offered to mourners, compare Jer 16:7 (where insert ׳ל ᵐ5 Gf Gie); שַׁלַּח לחמך עלפֿני המים Eccl 11:1 usual interpration of benevolent giving (compare Now); De and others of sea-commerce in bread-stuffs, compare Prov 31:14.
  b. figurative לַחְמֵנוּ הֵם Num 14:9 (JE) our food are they, i.e. we will devour, destroy, them (compare Deut 7:16); ׳דִּמְעָתִּי ל Ps 42:4 compare Ps 80:6 (see אכל above); ׳ל of evil deeds of wicked Job 20:14 עֵץ בְּלַחְמוֺ Jer 11:19 apparentlyfig.of destroying the prophet and his house, but read probably בְּלֵחוֺ in its freshness (i.e. untimely), so Hi Gf Che Gie (see לֵחַ below לחח above).

BDB9643 H3900 H3899

BDB9642 | BIBLICAL ARAMAIC | BDB9644

לְחֵם (K§ 54, 3. 7) noun masculine feast (ᵑ7 Syriac bread, so Biblical Hebrew, q. v. √ II. לחם); — absolute ׳עֲבַד ל Dan 5:1 made a feast.

bread, food, meat, shewbread, loaves, …
leḥem
food (for man or beast), especially bread, or grain (for making it)
  • bread, food, grain
    • bread
      • bread
        • "bread-corn
      food (generally)

The cantillation accents are the Masoretes' punctuation: each group below ends at a pausing accent. Translate a group as one unit.
וְאִֽישׁ יִשְׂרָאֵ֥ל נִגַּ֖שׂ Tipeha — a lesser break בַּיּ֣וֹם הַה֑וּא Etnahta — the verse's main pause — take a breath here וַיֹּאֶל֩ שָׁא֨וּל אֶת הָעָ֜ם לֵאמֹ֗ר Revia — a lesser break אָר֣וּר הָ֠אִישׁ אֲשֶׁר יֹ֨אכַל לֶ֜חֶם עַד הָעֶ֗רֶב Revia — a lesser break וְנִקַּמְתִּי֙ Pashta — a lesser break מֵאֹ֣יְבַ֔י Zaqef Qatan — a strong break וְלֹֽא טָעַ֥ם כָּל הָעָ֖ם Tipeha — a lesser break לָֽחֶם Silluq — end of the verse

וְאִֽישׁ-יִשְׂרָאֵל נִגַּשׂ בַּיּוֹם הַהוּא וַיֹּאֶל שָׁאוּל אֶת-הָעָם לֵאמֹר אָרוּר הָאִישׁ אֲשֶׁר-יֹאכַל לֶחֶם עַד-הָעֶרֶב וְנִקַּמְתִּי מֵאֹיְבַי וְלֹֽא-טָעַם כָּל-הָעָם לָֽחֶם׃
24
And the men of Israel were distressed that day: for Saul had adjured the people, saying, Cursed be the man that eateth any food until evening, that I may be avenged on mine enemies. So none of the people tasted any food.
Cross References

Joshua 6:26

וַיַּשְׁבַּע יְהוֹשֻׁעַ בָּעֵת הַהִיא לֵאמֹר אָרוּר הָאִישׁ לִפְנֵי יְהוָה אֲשֶׁר יָקוּם וּבָנָה אֶת-הָעִיר הַזֹּאת אֶת-יְרִיחוֹ בִּבְכֹרוֹ יְיַסְּדֶנָּה וּבִצְעִירוֹ יַצִּיב דְּלָתֶֽיהָ׃
26
And Joshua adjured them at that time, saying, Cursed be the man before the LORD, that riseth up and buildeth this city Jericho: he shall lay the foundation thereof in his firstborn, and in his youngest son shall he set up the gates of it.

Romans 10:2

μαρτυρῶ γὰρ αὐτοῖς ὅτι ζῆλον θεοῦ ἔχουσιν ἀλλ' οὐ κατ' ἐπίγνωσιν·
2
For I bear record them that they have a zeal of God, but not according to knowledge.

Leviticus 27:29

כָּל-חֵרֶם אֲשֶׁר יָחֳרַם מִן-הָאָדָם לֹא יִפָּדֶה מוֹת יוּמָֽת׃
29
None devoted, which shall be devoted of men, shall be redeemed; but shall surely be put to death.

Judges 11:30

וַיִּדַּר יִפְתָּח נֶדֶר לַֽיהוָה וַיֹּאמַר אִם-נָתוֹן תִּתֵּן אֶת-בְּנֵי עַמּוֹן בְּיָדִֽי׃
30
And Jephthah vowed a vow unto the LORD, and said, If thou shalt without fail deliver the children of Ammon into mine hands,

1 Samuel 14:27

וְיֽוֹנָתָן לֹֽא-שָׁמַע בְּהַשְׁבִּיעַ אָבִיו אֶת-הָעָם וַיִּשְׁלַח אֶת-קְצֵה הַמַּטֶּה אֲשֶׁר בְּיָדוֹ וַיִּטְבֹּל אוֹתָהּ בְּיַעְרַת הַדְּבָשׁ וַיָּשֶׁב יָדוֹ אֶל-פִּיו ‫(ותראנה)‬ וַתָּאֹרְנָה עֵינָֽיו׃
27
But Jonathan heard not when his father charged the people with the oath: wherefore he put forth the end of the rod that was in his hand, and dipped it in an honeycomb, and put his hand to his mouth; and his eyes were enlightened.

Proverbs 11:9

בְּפֶה חָנֵף יַשְׁחִת רֵעֵהוּ וּבְדַעַת צַדִּיקִים יֵחָלֵֽצוּ׃
9
An hypocrite with his mouth destroyeth his neighbour: but through knowledge shall the just be delivered.

Deuteronomy 27:15

אָרוּר הָאִישׁ אֲשֶׁר יַֽעֲשֶׂה פֶסֶל וּמַסֵּכָה תּֽוֹעֲבַת יְהוָה מַֽעֲשֵׂה יְדֵי חָרָשׁ וְשָׂם בַּסָּתֶר וְעָנוּ כָל-הָעָם וְאָֽמְרוּ אָמֵֽן׃
15
Cursed be the man that maketh any graven or molten image, an abomination unto the LORD, the work of the hands of the craftsman, and putteth it in a secret place. And all the people shall answer and say, Amen.

Judges 5:2

בִּפְרֹעַ פְּרָעוֹת בְּיִשְׂרָאֵל בְּהִתְנַדֵּב עָם בָּֽרְכוּ יְהוָֽה׃
2
Praise ye the LORD for the avenging of Israel, when the people willingly offered themselves.

Judges 1:28

וַֽיְהִי כִּֽי-חָזַק יִשְׂרָאֵל וַיָּשֶׂם אֶת-הַֽכְּנַעֲנִי לָמַס וְהוֹרֵישׁ לֹא הֽוֹרִישֽׁוֹ׃
28
And it came to pass, when Israel was strong, that they put the Canaanites to tribute, and did not utterly drive them out.

1 Corinthians 16:22

εἴ τις οὐ φιλεῖ τὸν κύριον Ἰησοῦν Χριστόν ἤτω ἀνάθεμα Μαρὰν ἀθά
22
If any man love not the Lord Jesus Christ, let him be Anathema Maranatha.

Joshua 6:17

וְהָֽיְתָה הָעִיר חֵרֶם הִיא וְכָל-אֲשֶׁר-בָּהּ לַֽיהוָה רַק רָחָב הַזּוֹנָה תִּֽחְיֶה הִיא וְכָל-אֲשֶׁר אִתָּהּ בַּבַּיִת כִּי הֶחְבְּאַתָה אֶת-הַמַּלְאָכִים אֲשֶׁר שָׁלָֽחְנוּ׃
17
And the city shall be accursed, even it, and all that are therein, to the LORD: only Rahab the harlot shall live, she and all that are with her in the house, because she hid the messengers that we sent.

Numbers 21:2

וַיִּדַּר יִשְׂרָאֵל נֶדֶר לַֽיהוָה וַיֹּאמַר אִם-נָתֹן תִּתֵּן אֶת-הָעָם הַזֶּה בְּיָדִי וְהַֽחֲרַמְתִּי אֶת-עָֽרֵיהֶֽם׃
2
And Israel vowed a vow unto the LORD, and said, If thou wilt indeed deliver this people into my hand, then I will utterly destroy their cities.

Judges 21:1

וְאִישׁ יִשְׂרָאֵל נִשְׁבַּע בַּמִּצְפָּה לֵאמֹר אִישׁ מִמֶּנּוּ לֹֽא-יִתֵּן בִּתּוֹ לְבִנְיָמִן לְאִשָּֽׁה׃
1
Now the men of Israel had sworn in Mizpeh, saying, There shall not any of us give his daughter unto Benjamin to wife.

Psalms 18:47

הָאֵל הַנּוֹתֵן נְקָמוֹת לִי וַיַּדְבֵּר עַמִּים תַּחְתָּֽי׃
47
It is God that avengeth me, and subdueth the people under me.
1 Samuel 14:23
Read 1 Samuel 14
1 Samuel 14:25