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III. עַד, in poetry עֲדֵי ( Num 24:20; Num 24:24; Ps 104:23; Ps 147:6; Job 7:4; Job 20:5, and in עֲדֵי עַד Isa 26:4; Isa 65:18; Ps 83:18; Ps 92:8; Ps 132:12; Ps 132:14:compare אֱלֵי, עֲלֵי), preposition as far as, even to, up to, until, while (Aramaic עד, Sabean עד, עדי, MordtmZMG xxx (1876), 27; DHMxxxvii (1883), 414, Assyrian adi Dl§ 81 a (Arabic is except); perh akin to pass on, advance to, Köii. 304, 309: עֲדֵי probably from ground-form ±¦d¦y, Ol428, 431 Köii. 309 ff.; but LagSym. ii. 101-3, Mitth. i. 231 f., as plur. like אַחֲרֵי); — with suffix עָדַי Num 23:18 +, עָדֶיךָ Mic 4:8 +, etc., עָֽדיֵכֵם Job 32:12; 2Kgs 9:18 עַדהֵֿם occurs; — as far as, even to (differing from אֶל in that the limit is included, as in Arabic FlKl. Schr. i. 402 f.): I. preposition 1. of
space; —
a. Gen 11:31 ויבאו עד חרן as far as Haran,
Gen 12:6;
Gen 13:3;
Gen 13:12 + often,
Isa 8:8 עד צואר יגעַ,
Isa 15:4 עד יהץ נשׁמע קולם,
Isa 25:12;
Isa 26:5;
Ps 36:6 אמונתך עד שׁחקים,
Ps 69:2 דאו מים עד נפשׁ (compare
Jonah 2:6;
Mic 1:9;
Jer 4:10;
Jer 4:18),
Jer 90:3 תָּשֵׁד אֱנוֺשׁ עַד דַּכָּא Job 11:7, etc.; pregnantly
Ps 118:27 ׳אִסְדוּ חָג עַד וגו bind . . . (and lead)
up to . . .;
Isa 57:9 עַד מֵרָחוק even to afar (
מִן 1 c);
with the goal a person, Exod 22:8 עד האלהים יָבאֹ דְבַר שְׁנֵיהֶם, 1Sam 9:9; Ps 65:3 עָדֶיךָ כָלבָּֿשָׂר יָבאֹוּ Isa 45:24; Job 4:5, ׳שׁוּב עַד י Hos 14:2 al. (see שׁוּב, stronger than ׳שׁוּב אֶליֿ); in poetry Num 24:20 וְאַחֲדִיתוֺ עֲדֵי אֹבֵד shall be even unto destruction, shall issue in destruction, vNum 24:24 rarely with verbs of attending, הֶאֱזִין עַד Num 23:18, הִתְבּוֺנֵן עַד Job 32:12; Job 38:18 (usually אֶל). Before another perp., 1Sam 7:11 ׳עַד מִתַּחַת ל 1Kgs 4:12 ׳עַד מֵעֵבֶר ל, עַד מֵעַל Ezek 41:20, עַד לִפְנֵי Esth 4:2, and even (si vera. l.) עַד אְלֵיהֶם 2Kgs 9:20:compare עַד נֶגֶד Neh 3:16; Neh 3:26, עַד נֹכַח Judg 19:10 +.
b. In the combination מִן ֗֗֗ (וְ)עַד, as Gen 10:19 מצידון ֗֗֗ עַד עַזָּה from Sidon . . . as far as Gaza + often (see מן 5 a); and idiomatic, not of actual space, but of class of objects, to express the idea of both... and, as Gen 19:4 מִנַּעַר וְעַד זָקִן from young to old (inclusively) = both young and old (see מִן 5 b); without מִן, even to = including, Lev 11:42; Num 8:4 even to (i. e. including) it base and its flower, compare 1Sam 18:4.
2. Of
time: a. (a) even to, until Gen 8:5 even to the 10th month,
Exod 12:6 unto the 14th day, etc., v
Exod 12:15 v
Exod 12:18, etc.;
עד היום unto this day,
Gen 19:37;
Gen 19:38,
עד היום הזה Gen 26:33;
Gen 32:33, both + often;
עד יום followed by infinitive
Exod 40:37;
Josh 6:10;
Judg 18:30 עד בקר till morning,
Exod 12:10 + (15 t.),
עד הבקר Exod 16:23 + (11 t.); so
עד (ה)ערב Exod 18:13;
Exod 18:14 +, in poetry
עֲרֵי ערב Ps 104:23 עַד עוֺלָם Gen 13:15 + often;
עַד שֶׁבַע פְּעָמִים 2Kgs 4:35 עַד דּוֺר וָדוֺר Isa 13:20 see also
בְּלִי, and
בִּלְתִּי,
near the end and followed by another preposition,
Lev 23:16 עַד מִמָּחֳרַת הַשַּׁבָּת,
Neh 13:9 עַד אַחַר הַשַּׁבָּת. With the force of
against,
Judg 6:31 יוּמַת עַד הַבֹּקֶר; compare
(b) end. (b) followed by infinitive, both of past time, as
Gen 8:7;
Gen 32:35 עַד עֲלוֺת הַשַּׁחַר,
Gen 33:3;
Gen 34:5, and especially future time, as
Gen 3:19 עַד שׁוּבְךָ until thy returning,
Gen 19:22;
Gen 27:45;
Deut 7:20;
Deut 7:23;
Deut 20:20;
Deut 22:2;
Deut 28:20;
Deut 28:22, — both + often; compare
עַד בּוֺשׁ Judg 3:25 +;
עַד תֹּם ֗֗֗ Lev 25:29 + 10 t.;
עַד תֻּמָּם Deut 2:15 +;
עַד כַּלֵּה 2Kgs 13:17;
2Kgs 13:19;
Ezek 19:14 עַד כַּלּוֺתָ(םׅ 1Sam 15:18;
Jer 9:15 +;
עַד אוֺר הַבֹּקֶר Judg 16:2 +; also in
עַד הִשְׁמִדְךָ אֹתָם Deut 7:24 (compare
Deut 28:48;
Josh 11:14;
1Kgs 15:29;
2Kgs 3:25;
2Kgs 10:17;
2Kgs 24:20 [||
Jer 52:3 הִשְׁלִיכוֺ]; on the anomalous
׳הִ, see
Dr, read probably
׳הַ); and most probably compare
Köiii. 583) in
עַד בִּלְתִּי הִשְׁאִיר לוֺ (לָהֶם) שָׂרִיד Deut 3:3 (see
Dr), + 5 t. (see above), read probably
הַשְׁאִיר. With the force of
towards the end of, against, especially in
עַד בֹּאָ(םׅ,
Gen 43:25;
Exod 22:25;
Num 10:21 והקימו את המשׁכן עַד בֹּאָם used to set up the tabernacle
against their coming,
2Kgs 16:11;
Ezek 33:22 compare
2Sam 17:22. Elliptical
Judg 16:2 עַד אוֺד הַבֹּקֶד וַהֲרַגְנוּהוּ (wait)
till the morning dawn, and we slay him! (
GFM;
Dr§ 115). (c) with various adverbs of time. (q. v.) as
עַד אָנָה,
עַדמָֿה,
עַד מָתַי,
עַד הֵנָּה,
עַד כֹּה,
עַד כֵּן,
עַד עַתָּה, compare
עַד כַּמֶּה פְעָמִים (see
מָה 4 b).
(
d) to suffest also
degree (compare
3),
עַד אֵין מָקוֺם until there is no place
Isa 5:8,
עַד אֵין מִסְפָּר Ps 40:13;
Job 5:9;
Job 9:10 compare
Lev 26:18 וְאִםעַֿדאֵֿלֶּה and if
even up to these things, even the end of all these punishment, you do not hearken to me.
b. During (rare; prop, as far as the limit indicated, including the time previous, compare ἔως: so often Aramaic עַד, , while), 2Kgs 9:22 what is peace עַד זְנוּנֵי אִיזֶבֶל during, etc.,? Job 20:5 עֲדֵי רָ֑גַע during a moment; followed by infinitive Judg 3:26 עַד הִתְמַהְמְהָם during their delaying, Exod 33:22; Job 7:19 עַד בִּלְעִי רֻקִּי Jonah 4:2.
3. Of
degree, to suggest a higher or the highest; as
עַד מְאֹד even to muchness, i.e. exceedingly (see
מְאֹד),
עַד מְהֵרָה even to haste Ps 147:15;
Esth 5:6 וּמַהבֻּֿקָּשָׁתֵךְ עַדחֲֿצִי הַמַּלְכוּת וְתֵעָשׂ, v
Esth 5:3;
Esth 7:2. See also
עַד לְ, below. With a negative, to express
not even as much as,
Deut 2:5 לא אתן לכם מארצם עַד מִדְרַךְ כַּף רָ֑גֶל, and with
אֶחָד,
Exod 9:7 לֹא מֵת ֗֗֗ עַדאֶֿחָד, simil.
Exod 14:28;
Judg 4:16;
2Sam 17:22 (read
אֶחָד for
׃אַחַד see
Dr). Sts. almost = Latin
adeo,
1Sam 2:5 (si vera lectio)
עַד עֲקָרָה ילדה שׁבעה even to the barren, she hath borne seven, i.e.
even the barren hath, etc.,
Job 25:5 הן עדיָֿרֵחַ ולא יאהיל,
Hag 2:19. In comparisons,
to the degree of, even like (rare),
Nah 1:10 עַד סִירִים סְבֻכִים (text dubious) entangled
even like thorns,
1Chr 4:27 לא הִרְבּוּ עד בני יהודה did not multiply
to the degree of (i.e.
like), etc. compare.
2Sam 23:19 עַד הַשְּׁלשָׁה לֹא בָא did not
attain (in prowess)
unto the three.
II. conjunction 1. until; —
a עַד אֲשֶׁר until that: (a) with perfect, of
past time,
Exod 32:20 ויטחן עד אשׁר דָּק (
Deut 9:21),
Deut 2:14 עד אשׁר עָבַרְנוּ,
Josh 3:17;
Josh 8:26;
Judg 4:24;
1Kgs 10:7 (
2Chr 9:6),
2Kgs 17:20;
2Kgs 17:23;
2Kgs 21:16 with suggestion of
degree,
1Sam 30:4 (followed by
אֵין),
1Kgs 17:17 rarely of
future time (the 'future perfect,'
Dr§ 17),
2Sam 17:13 (of degree),
Ezek 34:21 So -
עַד שֶׁ (often in Late Hebrew; see
שֶׁ)
Judg 5:7;
Song 3:4 (twice in verse);
עַד כִּי Gen 26:13 עַד כִּיגָֿדַל מְאֹד,
Gen 41:49;
2Sam 23:10;
2Chr 26:15 and (of future time)
עַד אֲשֶׁר אִם Gen 28:15;
Num 32:17;
Isa 6:11.
(
b) with imperfect, usually of
future time,
Gen 27:44 עַד אֲשֶׁר תָּשׁוּב חֲמַר אָחִיךָ,
Gen 29:8;
Exod 23:30;
Exod 24:14;
Lev 22:4;
Num 11:20;
Num 20:17;
1Sam 22:3;
Hos 5:15 +; rarely of
past time,
Jonah 4:5 עד אשׁר יראה till he should see,
Eccl 2:3. So (of the future) -
עַד שֶׁ Song 2:7;
Song 2:17;
Song 3:5;
Song 4:6;
Song 8:4;
Ps 123:2 and
עַד כִּי Gen 49:10 עַד כִּייָֿבאֹ שִׁילֹה.
b. עַד alone, until:
(a) with perfect, of past time, Josh 2:22; Josh 4:23 עַדעָֿבַרְנוּ, 1Sam 20:41 עַד דָּוִד הִגְדִּיל, 2Sam 21:10; 1Kgs 11:16; Ezek 28:15 of the future (rare), 2Kgs 7:3 עַד מָ֑תְנוּ, Ezek 39:15; Dan 11:36 עַד כָּלָה זָ֑עַם. So עַד סִם (of the future), Gen 24:19; Gen 24:33; Isa 30:17; Ruth 2:21.
(b) with imperfect, of future time, 1Sam 1:22 (elliptic: compare Judg 16:2, 12 a
(b) end), Isa 22:14; Isa 26:20; Isa 32:15; Isa 62:1; Isa 62:7; Ps 57:2; Ps 71:18; Job 27:5 +; of the past (rare), Exod 15:16 עד יעבור עמך, vExod 15:16; Josh 10:13 (poetry) עַד יִקֹּם גּוֺי אוֺיְבָיו, Ps 73:17. —
2. While (rare: compare 12 b): —
a. with perfect,
1Sam 14:19 עד דִּבֶּר שׁאול while Saul spake.
b. with imperfect,
Ps 141:10 יַחד אָנֹכִי עַד אֶעֱבֹר while I at the same time pass by.
c. with participle,
Job 1:18 עַד זֶה מְדַבֵּר (but read probably
עֹד, as v
Job 1:16 v
Job 1:17),
Neh 7:3.
d. -
עַד שֶׁ (without verb)
Song 1:12. So
עַד לֹא while not = ere yet (of past time)
Prov 8:26 עד לא עשׂה אדץ (so
עַד לָא,
, often, e.g.
Gen 24:15 ᵑ7,
Matt 1:18); and
עד אשׁר לא (of the future)
Eccl 12:1;
Eccl 12:2;
Eccl 12:6 (compare Talmud
עַד דְּלָא, Mishna
שֶׁלּאֹ עַד).
3. Of degree,
to the point that, so that even (rare),
Isa 47:7 Thou saidst, I shall be for ever a lady,
עַד לֹא שַׂמְתְּ אֵלֶּה עַל לִבֵךְ to the point that (going so far in thy pride that) thou didst not, etc. (but
Hi Che Du al. join
גְּבֶרֶת עַד I shall be for ever, a lady
perpetually; see I.
עַד);
Job 14:6 (
Di De Bu Du)
to the point that he may enjoy, etc.,
Isa 22:14 (
Du). In
Josh 17:14 עַד אֲשֶׁר ׳עַד כֹּה ֵבּרְכַנִי י, read
עַל אֲשֶׁר because that (
Ges Buhl; compare
Di).
III. עַד לְ, a strengthened form for עַד, found chiefly in Chronicles, Ezra, and occurring in most of the above senses. Thus
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עַתָּ֫ה435 (also Ezek 23:43; Ps 74:6 עת Kt, Qr עַתָּה), עָ֑֫תָּה Gen 32:5 +, adverb of time, now (properly accusative of [`int],עֵת (Köii. 260), at the time, in particular of the present time, i.e. now; compare German zur Zeit, Arabic at the time, i.e. now); — now: 1. a. Gen 12:19 ועתה הנה אשׁתך and
now, behold thy wife,
Gen 22:12 כי עתח ידעתי now, I know (so
Exod 18:11;
Judg 17:13;
1Kgs 17:24 [
עַתָּה זֶה],
Ps 20:7),
Gen 26:22;
Gen 26:29;
Gen 27:36;
Gen 31:13;
Gen 31:28, etc.,
Exod 5:5 הך רבים עתה עם הארץ; whether in opposed to past time, as
Gen 32:11;
Josh 14:11 כְּכֹחִי אָז וּכְכֹחִי עָ֑תָּה,
Judg 11:8;
1Kgs 12:4;
Isa 1:21 ועתה מרצחים,
Isa 16:14;
Hos 2:9 כִּי טוֺב לִי אָז מַעָ֑תָּה,
Hos 13:2,
Job 30:1 +, or to future, as
Num 24:17 אֶרְאֶנּוּ ולא עתה,
Judg 8:6 חֲכַף עַתָּהכְּֿיָדֶ֑ךָ ׳זֶבַח וצ,
1Sam 2:16 כִּי עַתָּה תִּתֵּן; =
after all Num 22:38;
Judg 8:2 =
now at last 2Sam 24:16;
1Kgs 19:4;
2Kgs 19:25;
Hos 7:2;
Jer 4:12 and in the phrase
מעתה ועד עולם Isa 9:6;
Isa 59:21;
(see below),
Ps 113:2;
Ps 115:18;
Ps 121:8;
Ps 125:2;
Ps 131:3.
b. of the imminent or impending future:
Gen 19:9 עַתָּה נָרַע לְךָ מַהֶם.
Gen 29:32 כי עתה יאהבני אישׁי, v
Gen 29:34;
Exod 6:1 עתה תראה,
Num 11:23;
Num 22:4;
2Sam 20:6;
Isa 33:10 (
Ps 12:6),
Isa 43:19;
Isa 49:19;
Amos 6:7 לכן עתה יִגְלוּ,
Isa 49:19;
Mic 7:4;
Mic 7:10;
Dan 10:20 and especially
ἀσυνδέτως in Hosea, introducing a punishment,
Hos 4:16 ׳וגו ׳עתה יִרְעֵם י Hos 5:7;
Hos 8:8;
Hos 8:13 (
Jer 14:10),
Jer 10:2.
c. of a time
ideally present (=
then, from our point of view):
Isa 29:22 לא עתה יבושׁ יעקב, v
b Hos 10:3;
Mic 4:9;
Mic 4:10;
Mic 4:11;
Mic 4:14;
Mic 5:3.
d. describing a present state =
as things are: 1Sam 8:5 thou art old, etc.,
עתה שִׂימָה לנו מלך,
1Sam 9:6;
1Sam 13:12;
1Sam 14:30;
1Sam 25:7b;
1Sam 27:1 now I shall be swept away one day, etc.,
2Kgs 18:20;
2Kgs 18:25;
Job 6:21;
Job 14:16;
Job 16:7.
e. with an Imperative, as an encouragement, implying that the time has come for the exhortation or advice to be followed,
Gen 31:13 עתה קים צא,
Exod 18:19 עתה שְׁמַע בקולי,
Num 22:11;
Deut 2:13;
1Sam 30:8.
2. Phrases:
a. עַתָּה זֶה (
זְה 4 h)
1Kgs 17:24;
2Kgs 5:22.
b. ועתה and,
now, or
now, therefore (
וְ 4),
drawing a conclusion, especially (compare 1 e) a practical one, from what has been stated: Gen 3:22 and now (since man has once been disobedient), lest he put forth his hand, etc., Gen 20:7; Gen 20:23 וְעַתָּה הִשָּֽׁבְעָה לִי הֵ֫נָּה, Gen 27:3; Gen 27:8 ועתה בני שְׁמַע בקולי, Gen 30:30; Gen 31:16; Gen 31:44; Gen 37:20 + often, Isa 5:3; Isa 5:5; Ps 2:10; Gen 11:6 ׳ועתה לאֹיִֿבָּצֵר מֵהֶם וגו, Gen 31:30; Gen 45:8; 2Sam 19:11; Ps 39:8 ועתה מַהקִּֿזִּיתִי אֲדֹנָי, Isa 52:5,
c. וְעַתָּה הִנֵּה stating the ground on which some conclusion or action is to be based, Exod 3:9; Josh 14:10 (twice in verse); 1Sam 12:2; 1Sam 24:21; 1Kgs 1:18; Jer 40:4 (with ועתה usually repeated afer the הנה-clause).
d. גם עתה Gen 44:10; 1Sam 12:16; 1Kgs 14:14; Joel 2:12; Job 16:19.
e. מֵעַתָּה from now, henceforth, Jer 3:4; Isa 48:6; Dan 10:17 (according to some, here = from just now), 2Chr 16:9 מעתה ועד עוּלּסּ, see above 1 a end. feminine עַדעַֿתָּה until now, Gen 32:5, ׳וֶאֵחַר עדעֿ, Deut 12:9 ׳אל הנחלה לא באתם עד ע (opposed to the future), 2Kgs 13:23 especially after clause with מִן, 2Kgs 46:34 ׳מִנְּעוּרֵינוּ וְעַדעֿ (2Sam 19:8; Ezek 4:14), Exod 9:18; 2Kgs 8:6; Ruth 2:7.
g. כִּי עַתָּה for in this case, in our idiom, for them (עתה pointing to a condition assumed as a possible contingency: compare Dr§ 141, 142); (a) Exod 9:15 כי עתה ׳שׁלחתי וגו for then (if the intention expressed in vExod 9:14 had not existed) I should have put forth my hand, etc., Num 22:29 כי עתה הֲרַגְתִּיךְ, 1Sam 13:13; Job 3:13 followed by imperfect Job 6:3 for then (if it were weighed, vJob 6:2) it would be heavier, etc., Job 13:19 for then would I be silent and die; (b) after a protasis, surely then Gen 31:42 + (see כִּי 1 d b, p. 472). — Note. Read כְּמוֺ עַתָּ) (ᵐ5 ᵑ9) as now, for כְּמוֺ עֵת Ezek 16:57, עַתָּ נִשְׁבַּרְתְּ (ᵐ5 ᵑ6 ᵑ9) now art thou broken ! for עֵת נִשְׁבֶּרֶת Ezek 27:34, and probably עַתָּ בָּא (Hi We Kö Now, compare ᵐ5 ᵑ6) for עֶתבּֿאֹ Hag 1:2 also עַתָּה for אַתָּה 1Kgs 1:20, and אַתָּה for עַתָּה v1Kgs 1:18b 2Sam 18:3.
BDB9752 H5705 H5704
BDB9751 | BIBLICAL ARAMAIC | BDB9753
עַד35 preposition and conjunction even to, until (Biblical Hebrew III. עַד; so ᵑ7, Syriac, Old Aramaic, Nabataean, Palmyrene, Egyptian Aramaic (Lzb336 S-CA 5 +)); —