BDB1815 H1696
BDB1814 | BIBLICAL HEBREW | BDB1816
[דָּבַר]1142 verb speak (original meaning dubious; range in order Thes is conjectural and not comprehensive enough; treiben MV does not explain Arabic or Hebrew usage, but only Aramaic A meaning go away, sustained by Arabic go away with it, would best explain the four branches of usage: — (1) Arabic depart, perish, IV. retreat, figurative retrograde, decline; passing away, death; Assyrian dabâru, Pi`el drive away, BezOrient. Diplom, Vocab., Dibbara, pest-god, Hpt. in KAT2. 500, דֶּבֶר pestilence. (2) Arabic follow behind, in time, place, or station; part behind, back, דְּבִיר hindmost chamber of temple. (3) Syriac lead, guide, cattle, sheep, government, take a wife, = Aramaic דְּבַר; Syriac , Aramaic דַּבָּר leader; Syriac , Aramaic דַּבָּרָא guidance; Syriac , Aramaic דַּבְרָא, Hebrew דֹּבֶר; Syriac , Aramaic מַדְבְּרָא, Hebrew מִדְבָּר pasture, wilderness; Arabic , Syriac , Aramaic דַּבַּרְתָא, Hebrew דְּבוֺרָה swarm of bees, may be in this line, as led by their queen, so Thes. (4) Arabic consider the end or issue (of an affair), relate (a story or tradition); consider, plan against; Phoenician דבר speak; Hebrew דִּבֶּר etc. Synonym of אָמַר say, as Aramaic מַלֵּל with אֲמַר; Greek λαλεῖν, λέγειν; Lat loqui, dicere; German reden, sagen) — Qal41 only infinitive (once ?) & participle:
Infinitive suffix
בְּדָבְרֶ֑ךָ (by attraction to
בְּשָׁפְטֶ֑ךָ for usual Piel)
Ps 51:6 Participle דֹּבֵר Exod 6:29 + 30 t.; plural
דֹּבְרִים Num 36:5;
Ps 109:20 construct
דֹּבְרֵי Ps 5:7 + 3 t.; feminine
דֹּבְרוֺת Num 27:7;
Ps 31:19 passive
דָּבֻר Prov 25:11 —
speak, absolute
Num 27:7;
Num 32:27;
Num 36:5 (
P)
Ps 51:6 (?);
דָּבָר דָּבֻר word spoken Prov 25:11 with accusative of thing
דֹּבֵר דָּבָר speaking a word Job 2:13 אמת Ps 15:2,
תמים Amos 5:10,
(מ)ישׁרים Prov 16:13;
Isa 33:15,
צדק Isa 45:19,
שׁלום Esth 10:3;
Ps 28:3,
שׁקר(יםׅ Ps 63:12;
Ps 101:7;
Jer 40:16,
כזב Ps 5:7;
Ps 58:4,
רע Ps 109:20,
נבלה Isa 9:16,
הַוַּת נפשׁו Mic 7:3 with
אֶל of
person, unto Gen 16:13 (
J)
Exod 6:29 (
P)
Jer 38:20;
Jer 40:16;
Dan 10:11;
Jonah 3:2 בְּאָזְנֵי in the ears of Deut 5:1;
Jer 28:7 עַל concerning, about Ps 31:19;
Ps 109:20;
Jer 32:42 (sometimes rendered
against, but dubious);
עִם with Ps 28:3 הַמַּלְאָךְ הַדֹּבֵר בִּי the angel that spake with me (as a prophet, an instrument of communicating with Israel)
Zech 1:9;
Zech 1:13;
Zech 1:14;
Zech 2:2;
Zech 2:7;
Zech 4:1;
Zech 4:4;
Zech 4:5;
Zech 5:5;
Zech 5:10;
Zech 6:4 (see preposition
בְּ III. 2 Ew§ 217 f. (3)).
Niph`al4 Perfect נִדְבְּרוּ Mal 3:16,
נִדְבָּ֑רוּ Ps 119:23,
נִדְבַּרְנוּ Mal 3:13 Participle הַנִּדְבָּרִים Ezek 33:30 reciprocal sense,
speak with one another, talk, absolute
Mal 3:16 with
בְּ,
against Ps 119:23;
Ezek 33:30 with
עַל,
concerning, about Mal 3:13 (
RV against, see
Ew§ 217 i.)
Pi`el1089 Perfect דִּבֶּר Gen 12:4 +,
דִּבֵּ֑ר Gen 21:1 + (on
דִּבֶּ֑ר Exod 12:25;
Deut 26:19 see
Bö§ 1021 d (1)
Köi, 188);
Imperfect יְדַבֵּר Gen 44:7 +,
יְדַבֶּרֿ Gen 44:18 +;
תְּדַבְּרוּן Gen 32:20,
תְּדַבֵּר֑וּן Ps 58:2 Imperative דַּבֵּר Gen 24:38 +,
דַּבֶּרֿ Exod 11:2 +;
Infinitive דַּבֵּר Gen 24:50 +,
דַּבֶּרֿ Isa 59:13 +;
Participle מְדַבֵּר Gen 27:6 +; feminine
מְדַבֶּרֶת 1Sam 1:13 +; — (
הַדִּבֵּר Jer 5:13, infinitive
Ki48, probably
Ol§ 182 e Kö§ 23 (5), perhaps
MV; but more probably a noun, as
Ges«GKC:52»§ 52 (2), Anm. 3
Ew§ 156 a, dubious perfect as
Sta§ 222;
בְּיוֺם דִּבֶּר Exod 6:28;
Num 3:1;
Deut 4:15 תְּחִלַּת דִּבֶּרֿ Hos 1:2, infinitive
Ki48 Bö§ 987 (7)
Kö§ 23 (5); but more probably perfect, as
Ges«GKC:52»§ 52 (2). Anm. 3); —
speak,
3. with persons: a. rarely accusative
יָָֽכְלוּ דַבְּרוֺ לְשָׁלֹם they could [
not]
speak unto him peaceably Gen 37:4 (
J; but
Ew§ 282 a about him);
וַיְדַבֵּר ֗֗֗ אֹתָם Num 26:3 (
P, but text corrupt see
Di; not satisfactory explanation yet given, possibly read
אִתָּם see
d).
b. most frequently with
אֶל throughout the literature:
Gen 8:15 +; compare phrases
אֶל משֶׁה לֵאמֹר ׳וַיְדַבֵּר י Exod 6:10 + 87 t.
P; but
אל משׁה לך ׳וידבּר י Exod 32:7;
Exod 33:1 (
JE);
דבּר אל אהרן Lev 6:18 + 8 t. (
P);
ישׂראל דבר אל בני Exod 6:9 + 38 t. (
P); elsewhere,
Exod 19:6 (
E)
Deut 1:3;
Deut 4:45 (
D);
אל (כל) העדה ׳ד Exod 12:3;
Lev 19:2;
Num 16:24;
Num 16:26 (
P);
אל לב ׳ד speak unto one's heart Gen 24:45, i.e. to oneself, compare also
על לִבָּהּ ׳ד 1Sam 1:13, see
5 below;
אל is used inexactly for
על 1Sam 3:12;
1Kgs 16:12;
Isa 16:13;
Jer 27:13;
Jer 30:4;
Jer 33:14;
Jer 36:7;
Jer 36:31;
Jer 40:2;
Jer 50:1;
Jer 51:12;
Jer 51:62 where it is rendered
concerning or
against. c. with
לְ speak to 1Kgs 2:19;
Ezek 32:21;
Dan 2:4 ליהוה speak, sing to Yahweh words of a song
Josh 10:12 (
D)
2Sam 22:1 (=
Ps 18:1 title); in
D,
דבר ל promise to, in phrases
) ל׳כאשׁר דבר(י Deut 1:11;
Deut 1:21;
Deut 6:3;
Deut 9:3;
Deut 10:9;
Deut 11:25;
Deut 12:20;
Deut 15:6;
Deut 18:2;
Deut 26:18;
Deut 27:3;
Deut 29:12;
Josh 13:14;
Josh 13:33;
Josh 22:4;
Josh 23:5;
Josh 23:10 (all
D);
אשׁר דבר ל Deut 9:28;
1Kgs 8:24;
1Kgs 8:25;
1Kgs 8:26 (=
2Chr 6:15;
2Chr 6:16;
2Chr 6:17). —
דבר ל Gen 24:7;
Gen 28:15;
Gen 49:28;
Exod 32:34 (
J)
Josh 9:21 (
P)
Judg 14:7;
2Sam 23:3;
Isa 30:10;
Zech 9:10 usually rendered
speak to, but often rather
promise to. הֲיֵשׁ לְדַבֶּרלָֿךְ אֶלהַֿמֶּלֶךְ is it possible to speak for thee unto the king ? 2Kgs 4:13 (by attraction to
לַעֲשׂוֺת לָךְ).
d. with
אֵת speak with Gen 17:3;
Gen 17:22;
Gen 17:23;
Gen 21:2;
Gen 23:8;
Gen 34:6;
Gen 34:8;
Gen 35:13;
Gen 35:15;
Exod 25:22;
Exod 31:18;
Exod 34:29;
Exod 34:33;
Exod 34:34;
Exod 34:35;
Num 3:1;
Num 7:89;
Josh 22:15;
Josh 22:21 (all
P)
Gen 35:14;
Gen 41:9;
Gen 42:7;
Gen 45:15;
Josh 17:14 (all
E)
Deut 5:21 sources of Samuel Kings Chronicles,
2Sam 3:27;
2Sam 7:7 =
1Chr 17:6;
1Kgs 8:15 =
2Chr 6:4;
1Kgs 22:24 =
2Chr 18:23;
2Chr 10:10 ( =
אל 1Kgs 12:10)
Jer 5:5;
Jer 7:22;
Jer 9:7;
Jer 35:2;
Jer 38:25;
Jer 3:22;
Jer 3:24;
Jer 3:27;
Jer 14:4;
Jer 20:3;
Jer 44:5;
compare phrases
דבר חד את אחד speak one with another Ezek 33:30 דבר משׁפטים את speak judgments with, usually =
give judgment against, (not
Jer 12:1),
Jer 1:16;
Jer 4:12;
Jer 12:1;
Jer 39:5;
Jer 52:9 (=
2Kgs 25:6);
דבר טבות את speak kindly with 2Kgs 25:28 =
Jer 52:32.
e. with
עִם speak with, (not
P),
Gen 29:9;
Gen 31:24;
Gen 31:29;
Exod 19:9;
Exod 20:19 (twice in verse);
Exod 20:22;
Exod 33:9;
Num 11:17;
Num 22:19;
Josh 24:27 (all
J E)
Deut 5:4;
Deut 9:10;
Judg 6:17;
1Sam 9:25 (
ᵐ5 Th We Dr וַיִּרְבְּדוּ לְ spread a couch for)
1Sam 17:23;
2Sam 13:22;
1Kgs 1:14;
1Kgs 1:22;
2Kgs 6:33;
2Kgs 18:26;
2Chr 9:1 (=
אֶל 1Kgs 10:2)
Neh 9:18;
Esth 6:14;
Jer 32:4;
Dan 8:18;
Dan 9:22;
Dan 10:11;
Dan 10:15;
Dan 10:17;
Dan 10:19;
Hos 12:5 דִּבַּרְתִּי אֲנִי עִם לִבִּי I spake, communed with my heart Eccl 1:16.
feminine לִפְנֵי before, in the presence of Exod 6:12;
Num 36:1 (
P)
Judg 11:11;
1Kgs 3:22;
Esth 8:3.
4. with
בְּ a. instrumental,
דבר בְּ speak with, by, or
by means of a person (see above
Qal near the end)
Num 12:2 (twice in verse);
Num 12:6;
Num 12:8 (
E)
2Sam 23:2 (compare
Dr),
1Kgs 22:28 =
2Chr 18:27;
Hab 2:1 בְּשֵׁם דִּבֶּר speak in the name of Exod 5:23 (
J)
Deut 18:19;
Deut 18:20 (twice in verse);
Deut 18:22;
1Chr 21:19;
Jer 20:9;
Jer 26:16;
Jer 29:23;
Jer 44:16;
Dan 9:6;
Zech 13:3 ביד by the hand of Num 17:5;
Num 27:23;
(
P)
1Sam 28:17;
1Kgs 8:53 + 13 t. Kings,
2Chr 10:15 (=
1Kgs 12:15)
Isa 20:2;
Jer 37:2;
Jer 50:1;
Ezek 38:17.
b. local (figurative),
בְּאָזְנֵי in the ears of Gen 20:8 (
E)
Exod 11:2;
Deut 32:44 (
J)
Gen 23:16;
Num 14:28;
Josh 20:4 (
P)
Deut 31:28;
Deut 31:30;
Judg 9:2;
Judg 9:3;
1Sam 8:21;
1Sam 11:4;
1Sam 25:24;
2Sam 3:19 (twice in verse);
Jer 26:15;
Prov 23:9 בלב דבר speak in the heart Eccl 2:15.
c. of the object, speak of, about (preposition
בְּ IV. e Ew§ 217 f, (2))
Deut 6:7;
Deut 11:19;
1Sam 19:3;
1Sam 19:4;
Ps 119:46;
Ps 122:8 propose for (a wife)
1Sam 25:39 (compare
Song 8:8).
d. of hostility, against (
Ew§ 217 f, (1))
Num 12:1;
Num 12:8;
Num 21:5;
Num 21:7 (
E)
Job 19:18;
Ps 50:20;
Ps 78:19.
e. of price,
בְּנַפְשׁוֺ at the cost of his life 1Kgs 2:23 (see
בְּ III. 3).
Pu`al Imperfect בַּיּוֺם שֶׁיְּדֻבַּרבָּֿהּ in the day when she may be spoken for Song 8:8 (see
Pi`el 4 c);
Participle נִכְבָּדוֺת מְדֻבָּר בָּךְ glorious things are being spoken in thee (
RV Pe MV of thee)
Ps 87:3.
Hithpa`el Participle מִדַּבֵּר =
מִתְדַּבֵּר with accusative
מִדַּבֵּר הַדָּבָר הַזֶּה speaking this word 2Sam 14:13 ׳שָׁמַע (אֵת הַקּוֺל) מִדַּבֵּר אֶל heard (
the voice, or)
one speaking unto Num 7:89 (
P)
Ezek 2:2;
Ezek 43:6 (
Di Num 7:89 would read
מְדַבֵּר after
ᵐ5; the meaning not appreciably different from Piel; the Hithpa`el difficult to reconcile with
אֶל).
Hiph`il Imperfect וַיַּדְבֵּר עַמִּים תַּחְתָּי Ps 18:48 (
2Sam 22:48 has
וּמֹרִיד for rare
וַיַּדְבֵּר),
יַדְבֵּר עַמִּים תַּחְתֵּינוּ Ps 47:4 either (compare Aramaic
דַּבַּר)
leads subject (so
Ges coegit,
De Now), or (compare Arabic
turn the back, retreat)
puts to flight, figurative for
subdues (so
Hi).