1 Samuel 30:5

וּשְׁתֵּ֥י נְשֵֽׁי דָוִ֖ד נִשְׁבּ֑וּ אֲחִינֹ֙עַם֙ הַיִּזְרְעֵלִ֔ית וַֽאֲבִיגַ֕יִל אֵ֖שֶׁת נָבָ֥ל הַֽכַּרְמְלִֽי
And David's two wives were taken captives, Ahinoam the Jezreelitess, and Abigail the wife of Nabal the Carmelite.
Select a Hebrew word above to see its details.

וּ שְׁתֵּ֥י
וּ
Prefix — connector and (sometimes: but, so, then)
שְׁתֵּ֥י
Root word two, twelve, both, twelfth, second, …
Dictionary form: שְׁנַיִם · sheh-na-YIM

Adjective — Cardinal Number, feminine dual, construct state dual — a natural pair ("two ___"); "___ of …" — bound to the next word; a number (one, two, three, …)

In the KJV here: two
two ×174 and two ×106 the two ×62 twelve ×34 both ×31 were twelve ×27 and the two ×23 and twelve ×15
More options
two — Standard cardinal number; fits virtually every context.
both — Use when referring to a pair already mentioned.
a pair — Emphasizes the twosome as a unit or set.
double — Prefer when quantity or amount is being doubled.
twice — Use for repetition or frequency, not counting objects.
twelve — Compound use; only when context indicates ten-plus-two.

BDB10007 H8145 H8147

BDB10006 | BIBLICAL ARAMAIC | BDB10008

תנא (ᵑ7 Syriac; = Biblical Hebrew II. שָׁנָה, שְׁנַיִם, שֵׁנִי).

BDB8886 H8147

BDB8885 | BIBLICAL HEBREW | BDB8887

שְׁנַ֫יִם, שְׁתַּיִם (PhilippiZMG xlix (1895), 202 Ges«GKC:97b»§ 97b note):768 noun masculine and feminine dual two (Late Hebrew id.; Phoenician אשנם (and ׳שנ second), Punic שנם Lzb380; Arabic ; Sabean תֿני HomChr 47, Aramaic תְּרֵין, (תִּנְיָנָא, second); Nabataean תרין, Palmyrene feminine תרתן, תרתיא, Lzb388; Assyrian šinâ; on etymology see √, and especially PhilippiZMG xxxii (1878), 21-98); —

masculine (with masculine noun) שְׁנַיִם Amos 3:3 +; construct שְׁנֵי Isa 7:16 +, suffix שְׁנֵיהֶם Gen 2:25 +, etc.; feminine (with feminine noun) שְׁתַּיִם Amos 4:8 +; construct שְׁתֵּי Gen 4:19, וּשְׁתֵּי Isa 7:21 +, etc., מִשְּׁתֵֿי Judg 16:28 (see GFM); suffixes see below (2 + 10 = 12, see below); Hexateuch chiefly P; — two:
1. no other number:
  a. usually construct before plural noun (צְמִידִים) שְׁנֵי Gen 24:22 + 19 t. + 2Sam 23:20 || 1Chr 11:22 (insert בְּנֵי ᵐ5 Th modern, otherwise RSSemitic i. 469, 2nd ed., 488); (נָשִׁים) שְׁתֵּי Gen 4:19 + 132 t., 1Sam 10:4 insert כִּכְּרוֺת Klo HPS Bu Now; Lev 16:21 read dual יָדָיו Qr, + Judg 16:28 (see above) + שְׁתֵּיאֵֿלֶּה Isa 47:9 both these things; before singular noun, שְׁנֵי Exod 16:22 (Ges«GKC:134e»§ 134e); suffix שְׁנֵיתֶם the two of them Gen 2:25 + 62 t., + Prov 24:22 (> their years ᵑ6 ᵑ7 De and others; probably corrupt, see Toy), שְׁנֵינוּ Gen 31:37 + 2 t., שְׁנֵיכֶם Gen 27:45 שְׁתֵּיהֶם (masculine suffix! Ges«GKC:135o»§ 135o) Ruth 1:19; Ruth 4:11, יֵ֯הֶן 1Sam 25:43; Ezek 23:13.
  b. absolute (1) שְׁנַ֫יִם (90 t.), before plural noun Judg 11:37 + 26 t.; after plural noun 2Sam 1:1; Exod 29:1+ 21 t. (usually P Chronicles), singular noun (collective) Gen 46:27; Num 7:17 + 11 t. Num 17 noun omitted Gen 7:2; Gen 44:27 + 26 t.; ׳שׁ ׳שׁ distributive Gen 7:9 +; ׳לִשׁ cut in two 2Kgs 3:25; Jer 34:18 = double amount Exod 22:3; Exod 22:6; Exod 22:8 (E); ׳פִּי שׁ Deut 21:17 double portion, + בְּרוּחֲךָ 2Kgs 2:9 in (of) thy spirit, + בָּהּ Zech 3:18 (2) שְׁתַּ֫יִם (55 t.) before plural noun 1Kgs 3:16 + 16 t.; after plural noun (usually P and late) 2Chr 24:3 + 9 t.; noun omitted, = two things Isa 51:19; Job 13:20; Prov 30:7 שְׁתַּיִם = twice 2Kgs 6:10; Job 40:5; Ps 62:12 (or as Prov 30:7), ׳בִּשׁ Job 33:14 either so, or in two ways RVm (see De); as ordinal בִּשְׁנַת שְׁתַּיִם לְ 1Kgs 15:25 + 9 t., etc.; (3) as round number, שְׁנַיִם עֵצִים 1Kgs 17:12 a few sticks (German 'ein paar'), compare 2Kgs 9:32; Isa 17:6 שְׁתַּיִם שָׁלשׁ Amos 4:8, פַּעַם וּשְׁתָּ֑יִם Neh 13:20, compare Jer 3:14 אֶחָד מֵעִיר וּשְׁנַיִם מִמִּשְׁפָּחָה = a small number; Ezra 10:13 not for one or two days (but for many), 2Kgs 6:10.
2. twelve: with noun masculine שְׁנֵים עָשָׂר Gen 42:13 + 87 t., לִשְׁנֵי עָשָׂר Exod 28:21 + 4 t.; with noun feminine שְׁתֵּים עֶשְׂרֵה Exod 24:4 + 34 t., שְׁתֵּי עֶשְׂרֵה Ezek 32:1; Ezek 32:17; Ezek 33:21 before plural noun Gen 17:20; Exod 15:27 +; after plural noun Num 7:84 (twice in verse) +; before singular noun Exod 28:21 +, Gen 14:4 (12 year) +, etc.; as ordinal, יוֺם בְּיוֺם שְׁנֵים עָשָׂר Num 7:78, בִּשְׁתֵּי עֶשְׂרֵה שָׁנָה Ezek 32:1 +, etc.
3. with larger number: 10 (etc.) + 2, 2Sam 8:5; Judg 10:3 + 56 t.; 2 + 10 (etc.) Num 1:35 (P), 2Chr 22:2 + 18 t. (Köii. 1. 215 ff. Ges«GKC:97f»§ 97f.); 200 + 2 + 30, 1Kgs 20:15 50 + 2 as ordinal 2Kgs 15:27 + 2 t.; compare 2 + 20, 1Chr 24:17.

two, twelve, both, twelfth, second, …
šĕnayim
two; also (as ordinal) twofold
  • two
    • two (the cardinal number)
      • two, both, double, twice
      second (the ordinal number)"in combination with other numbers"both (a dual number)

נְשֵֽׁי
נְשֵֽׁי
Root word wife, woman, wives, women, one, …
Dictionary form: אִשָּׁה · ish-SHAW

Noun — Common, feminine plural, construct state plural — usually add "-s"; "___ of …" — bound to the next word

In the KJV here: wives
wife ×73 woman ×55 his wife ×53 the woman ×44 wives ×40 to wife ×35 a woman ×29 the women ×28
More options
woman — Broadest rendering; prefer when no marital relationship implied.
wife — Use when a specific marital bond is in view.
female — Emphasizes sex/gender contrast; good in legal or biological contexts.
women — Plural contexts; collective or group references.
each one — Distributive idiom; use in 'each woman/one' constructions.
bride — Nuanced option for betrothal or covenant-entry passages.

BDB612 H802

BDB611 | BIBLICAL HEBREW | BDB613

אִשָּׁה775 noun feminine woman, wife, female (Arabic , Sabean אנתֿת etc. DHMZK 1884, 360, Aramaic אִתְּתָא, אִנְתְּתָא, אִתָּא, , Palmyrene, Nabataean אנתתא, Ethiopic Phoenician אשת, Assyrian aššatu COTGloss) — ׳א absolute Gen 2:33 +; construct אֵשֶׁת Gen 11:29 + (apparently absolute Deut 21:11; 1Sam 28:7; Ps 58:9 but compare Bö§ 728 Ges«GKC:130»§ 130. 5); suffix אִשְׁתִּי Gen 20:11 +; אִשְׁתְּךָ Gen 12:18 + (אֶשְׁתְּךָ Ps 128:3), etc.; Plural אִשֹּׁת Ezek 23:44 (Co לעשׂות); נָשִׁים Gen 4:19 +; construct נְשֵׁי Gen 4:23 +; suffix נָשַׁי Gen 30:26; 1Kgs 20:7 נְשֵׁיכֶם Exod 22:23 +, etc.; —

1. woman Gen 3:1; Gen 3:2; Gen 12:11 +; opposed to man Gen 2:22; Gen 2:23; Exod 35:29; Exod 36:6; Deut 7:2; Deut 7:5; Deut 22:22; 1Sam 21:5 +; ׳א emphatic a genuine (or ideal) woman Eccl 7:28 (|| אדם); simile of men as feeble, timid Jer 50:37; Jer 51:30 note especially הַטַּף בַּנָּשִׁים the children among the women, female children Num 31:18 (P); as conceiving Exod 2:2; Lev 12:2; 2Sam 11:5 +; travailing Jer 13:21 bearing children Judg 13:24; 1Kgs 3:18 compare Job 14:1; Job 15:14; Job 25:4 +, etc.; suckling Isa 49:15 אֹרַח כַּנָּשִׁים Gen 18:11 דֶּרֶח נָשִׁים Gen 31:35 with adjective, or app., מֵינֶקֶת׳א nursing woman, nurse Exod 2:7 זוֺנָה ׳א harlot Josh 2:1; Josh 6:22; Judg 11:1; Judg 16:1; 1Kgs 3:16; Prov 6:26; Jer 3:3; Ezek 16:30; Ezek 23:44 so זָרָה ׳א Prov 2:16; Prov 7:5 compare also Ezek 23:44 above; מְנָאָ֑פֶת ׳א adulteress Prov 30:20 (compare אֵשֶׁת אִישׁ Prov 6:26), אֵשֶׁת זְנוּנִים Hos 1:2 נָשִׁים נָכְרִיּוֺת foreign women 1Kgs 11:1; 1Kgs 11:8; Ezra 10:2; Ezra 10:10; Ezra 10:11; Ezra 10:14; Ezra 10:17; Ezra 10:18; Ezra 10:44; Neh 13:26; Neh 13:27 (compare vNeh 13:23); חֲכָמָה ׳א wise woman, one known as clever, shrewd 2Sam 14:2; 2Sam 20:16, etc.; also פִּילֶגֶשׁ ׳א concubine Judg 19:1; Judg 19:27: אַלְמָנָה ׳א widow 2Sam 14:5; 1Kgs 11:26; 1Kgs 17:9; 1Kgs 17:10 נְבִיאָה ׳א prophetess Judg 4:4 also construct before noun of quality אֵשֶׁת רָ֑ע Prov 6:24 בְּסִילוּת ׳א Prov 9:13 חֵן ׳א Prov 11:16 חַיִל ׳א Prov 12:4; Prov 31:10; Ruth 3:11 מִדְיָנִים ׳א Prov 21:9; Prov 25:24; Prov 27:15 וָכָ֑עַס ׳מ ׳א Prov 21:19.

2. Wife (woman belonging to a man, usually construct or suffix) Gen 2:24; Gen 2:25; Gen 3:8; Gen 3:17; Gen 4:1; Gen 4:17 + often; of one betrothed (ארשׂ) Deut 20:7; Deut 28:30 בַּעַל (הָ)אִשָּׁה Exod 21:3; Exod 21:22 אִישׁ הָאִשָּׁה Judg 20:4 לְאִשָּׁה to wife Gen 2:22; Gen 12:19; Gen 16:3; Gen 34:21 + often (after לָקַח, נָתַן husband or father subject); for wife (after הָֽיְתָה, woman subject) Gen 20:12; Num 36:3; Num 36:6 (twice in verse); Num 36:11; Num 36:12; Deut 22:19; Deut 22:29 +; for unfaithful wife compare 1; construct in phrase אֵשֶׁת חֵיקֶ֑ךָ Deut 13:7 compare Deut 28:54 נְעוּרֶיךָ ׳א Prov 5:18; Mal 2:14; Mal 2:15 בְּרִיתֶ֑ךָ ׳א vMal 2:14 אֵשֶׁת אָב = step-mother Lev 18:8; Lev 18:11; Lev 20:11.

3. Female of animals Gen 7:2 (twice in verse); see also below
4.

4. With distributive & reciprocal sense, מֵאֵת ׳א רְעוּתָהּ each woman from her neighbour Exod 11:2 (E); compare Ruth 1:8; Ruth 1:9; Jer 9:19 each one, of birds of prey Isa 34:15 compare vIsa 34:16 (strike out Bi Che); of cows (figurative of heartless women of Israel) Amos 4:3 of sheep (figurative of Israel) Zech 11:9 & of inanimate things (P, & late) אֶל אֲחֹתָהּ ׳א Exod 26:3 (twice in verse); Exod 26:5; Exod 26:6; Exod 26:17 (P) Ezek 1:9 (strike out Co) vEzek 1:23; Ezek 3:13.

BDB9321 H802

BDB9320 | BIBLICAL ARAMAIC | BDB9322

II. אנשׁ (√ of following; Biblical Hebrew III. אנשׁ, אִשָּׁח).

wife, woman, wives, women, one, …
ʾiššâ
a woman
  • woman, wife, female
    • woman (opposite of man)
      • "wife (woman married to a man)"female (of animals)"each, every (pronoun)

דָוִ֖ד
דָוִ֖ד
Root word a name — transliterate it ("And davids")
Dictionary form: דָּוִד · daw-WID

Noun — Proper Name

In the KJV here: and davids
david ×341 of david ×222 and david ×220 davids ×36 so david ×26 a psalm of david ×22 then david ×21 unto david ×16
More options
David — Standard modern English spelling; use in all contexts.
David's — Possessive form; for genitive or ownership contexts.
King David — Use when royal identity or authority is emphasized.
David the king — More formal; highlights his royal office explicitly.

BDB1866 H1732

BDB1865 | BIBLICAL HEBREW | BDB1867

דָּוִד, דָּוִיד1066 proper name, masculine David, son of יִשַׂי, king of Israel, whose dynasty remained on the throne of Jerusalem till the Babylonian exile (compare 2Sam 7:11-15 etc.) (beloved one ? compare BaNB 189; according to SayceModern Rev. 1884, 158 ff.; Rel. Babylonian 53, 56 f. originally Dodo, title of sun-god worshipped in Israel compare דודה name of divinity among east Jordan Israelites MI12) — דָּוִד always Ruth, Samuel, Kings (except 1Kgs 3:14; 1Kgs 11:4; 1Kgs 11:36) Psalms, Proverbs, Ecclesiastes, Isaiah, Jeremiah; also 1Chr 13:6; Ezek 34:24; Ezek 37:24; Ezek 37:25 (c. 790 t.); דָּוִיד always Zechariah, Chronicles (except 1Chr 13:6), Ezra, Nehemiah; also Amos 6:5 (where gloss according to PetersHebraica. Apr. 1886, p. 175) Amos 9:11; Hos 3:5; Ezek 34:23; 1Kgs 3:14; 1Kgs 11:4; 1Kgs 11:36; Song 4:4 (c. 276 t.); — first named 1Sam 16:13 compare also Ruth 4:17; Ruth 4:22; 2Sam 1:1 +, 1Kgs 1:1 +, 1Kgs 2:1 +, etc. (see above); in titles of Psalm 3-9, 11-32, 34-41, 51-65, 68-70, 86, 101, 103, 108-110, 122, 124, 131, 133, 138-145 (73 in all); also in Ps 18:51 (= 2Sam 22:51); 2Sam 72:20; 2Sam 89:36; 2Sam 89:50; 2Sam 122:5; 2Sam 132:17 עַבְדִּי ׳ד (׳י speaks) 2Sam 3:18; 2Sam 7:5; 2Sam 7:8 = 1Chr 17:4; 1Chr 17:7 compare v1Chr 17:26 = 1Chr 17:24, also 1Kgs 8:24; 1Kgs 8:25; 1Kgs 8:26; 1Kgs 8:66 = 2Chr 6:15; 2Chr 6:16; 2Chr 6:17; 2Chr 11:32; 2Chr 11:34; 2Chr 11:36; 2Chr 11:38; 2Chr 14:8; 2Kgs 8:19; 2Kgs 19:34 = Isa 37:35; 2Kgs 20:6 compare further Ps 18:1; Ps 36:1 (both titles compare above) Ps 78:70; Ps 89:4; Ps 89:21; Ps 132:10; Ps 144:10; Jer 33:21; Jer 33:22; Jer 33:26 so also as represented in coming (Messianic) ruler Ezek 34:23; Ezek 34:24; Ezek 37:24; Ezek 37:25, compare Hos 3:5; Jer 30:9 (see עֶבֶד). Phrases are:
  a. ׳עִיר ד (according to SayceMod.Rev.l.c. originally city of god Dod [o]) = stronghold or citadel of Zion, 2Sam 5:7; 2Sam 5:9 = 1Chr 11:5; 1Chr 11:7; 2Sam 6:10; 2Sam 6:12; 2Sam 6:16 = 1Chr 13:13; 1Chr 15:1; 1Chr 15:29, compare Isa 22:9 especially of burial of kings 1Kgs 2:10; 1Kgs 3:1; 1Kgs 8:1 = 2Chr 5:2; 1Kgs 9:24 = 2Chr 8:11; 1Kgs 11:27 v1Kgs 11:43 = 2Chr 9:31; 1Kgs 14:13; 1Kgs 15:8 = 2Chr 12:16; 2Chr 13:23; 1Kgs 15:24 = 2Chr 9:31; 1Kgs 14:31; 1Kgs 15:8 = 2Chr 12:16; 2Chr 13:23; 1Kgs 15:24 = 2Chr 16:14; 1Kgs 22:50 = 2Chr 21:1; 2Kgs 8:24 = 2Chr 21:20; 2Kgs 9:28; 2Kgs 12:22 = 2Chr 24:25; 2Kgs 14:20; 2Kgs 15:7, v2Kgs 15:38 = 2Chr 27:9; 2Kgs 16:20 burial of Jehoiada 2Chr 24:16 further 2Chr 32:5; 2Chr 32:30; 2Chr 33:14; Neh 12:37 compare also ׳קִרְיַת חָנָה ד Isa 29:1.
  b. ׳בֵּית ד 2Sam 3:1; 2Sam 3:6 + (compare בַּיִת 5 c.
  c. ׳אֹהֶל ד Isa 16:5 (compare אֹהֶל 2).
  d. ׳סֻכַּת ד Amos 9:11 (compare סֻכָּה below סכך).
  e. ׳כִּסֵּא ד 2Sam 3:10 compare 1Kgs 1:37; 1Kgs 2:12; 1Kgs 2:24; 1Kgs 2:45; Isa 9:6; Jer 17:25; Jer 22:2; Jer 22:30; Jer 29:16; Jer 36:30 compare Jer 13:13; Jer 22:4, (compare also כִּסֵּא). feminine ׳קִבְרֵי ד Neh 3:16 compare 2Chr 32:33 ׳קִבְרֵי בְנֵידֿ (compare קֶבֶר).
  g. ׳מִגְדַּל ד Song 4:4.
  h. אישׁ האלהים ׳כְּלֵישִֿׁיר ד Neh 12:36.
  i. ׳אֱלֹהֵי ד 2Kgs 20:5 + (compare אֱלֹהִים 4 b).
  j. ׳חַסְדֵי ד 2Chr 6:42; Isa 55:3 (compare 2Sam 7:15; 1Kgs 3:6; Ps 89:50; 2Chr 1:8 etc.). — (On text note the following: — דָּוִד 1Sam 30:20a strike out ᵐ5 ᵑ7 We Dr; 2Sam 3:5 read probably name of a former husband of Eglah We Dr; 2Sam 13:39 read רוּחַ Wep.223 Dr; 2Sam 19:44 read בְּכוֺר (for בדוד) ᵐ5 The We Dr; insert דָּוִד 2Sam 9:11; 2Sam 15:32 & 2Sam 24:15 ᵐ5 We Dr; in 1Chr 18:12; Ps 60:1 אבשׁי & יואב are less original than דָּוִד 2Sam 8:13 We Dr).

david, davids
dāwid
beloved
David, the youngest son of Jesse
  • youngest son of Jesse and second king of Israel

נִשְׁבּ֑וּ
נִשְׁבּ֑וּ
Root word captive, captives, away, taken, took
Dictionary form: שָׁבָה · shaw-BAW

Verb — Niphal, Perfect (Qatal), third person plural passive or reflexive — "it was done" / "he did it to himself" completed action — try "he ___ed" or "he has ___ed" the built-in subject is "they"

In the KJV here: were taken captives
captives ×4 carried away captive ×3 and carried away ×2 captive ×2 were taken captives ×2 and had brought away captive ×1 and they carry them away ×1 and they took away ×1
More options
take captive — Most direct modern rendering of the core action.
capture — Broadly useful; suits narrative and legal contexts.
carry off — Emphasizes forced removal and displacement.
deport — Prefer for large-scale, state-organized exile.
seize — Highlights sudden or violent seizure of persons.
lead away — Stresses the act of marching captives from their home.

BDB8395 H7617

BDB8394 | BIBLICAL HEBREW | BDB8396

שָׁבָה verb take captive (Late Hebrew, Old Aramaic id.;Arabic (); Aramaic שְׁבָא, ) —

Qal Perfect 3 masculine singular ׳שׁ Jer 41:14 suffixוְשָׁבָם (consecutive) Jer 43:12 (but read וְשָׁבָה Gie; Du conjectures וְ˜שׁמְמוּ); 2 masculine singular שָׁבִיתָ 2Kgs 6:22; Ps 68:19, etc., Imperfect 3 masculine singular וַיִּשְׁבְּ Num 21:1; Jer 41:10, etc.; Imperative masculine singular וּשְׁבֵה Judg 5:12 Infinitive construct שְׁבוֺת Obad 1:11 Participle active plural שֹׁבִים Isa 14:2, etc.; passive masculine plural שְׁבוּיִם Isa 61:1, feminine plural construct שְׁבֻיוֺת Gen 31:26 — take captive
1.a. with accusative of person, Num 24:22 (JE), 1Sam 30:2; 2Kgs 5:2; 2Kgs 6:22 (+ ב instrumental) Jer 41:10 (twice in verse) (but vJer 41:10 b Gie reads וַיַּשְׁכֵּם, compare ᵐ5 Luc), vJer 41:14, Gen 34:29 (P), 2Chr 28:8 (+ מִן part), + 6 t.; + Jer 43:12 apparently with accusative idols (but see above; accusative land Gie).
  b. accusative חֵילוֺ Obad 1:11 הָֽרְכוּשׁ 2Chr 21:17, cattle, etc., 1Chr 5:21; 2Chr 14:14
  c. participle in periphrastic conjugation (לְשֹׁבֵיהֶם) וְהָיוּ שֹׁבִים Isa 14:2 participle with suffix = their captives, etc., 1Kgs 8:46 = 2Chr 6:36; Isa 14:2; Jer 50:33, +5 t.; Passive participle Isa 61:1 = captives; כִּשְׁבֻיוֺת חָ֑רֶב Gen 31:26 my daughters as captives of the sword.
2. with accusative of congnate meaning with verb שְׁבִי Judg 5:12 lead captive thy captives, compare Ps 68:19; 2Chr 28:17, so (+ מִן person) Num 21:1 (JE), and (accusative שִׁבְיָה) 2Chr 28:5; 2Chr 28:11 שִׁבְיוֺ ׳שׁ Deut 21:10 = take him captive. Niph`al be taken captive: Perfect 3 masculine singular נִשְׁבָּה, of man Gen 14:14, of beast Exod 22:9 (E), of ׳עֵדֶר י Jer 13:17 3 plural נִשְׁבּוּ, human subject 1Sam 30:8; 1Sam 30:5; 1Kgs 8:47 = 2Chr 6:37; Ezek 6:9.

captive, captives, away, taken, took
šābâ
to transport into captivity
  • to take captive
    • (Qal)
      • to take captive
        • "captive (participle)"to lead captive
      (Niphal) to be taken captive

אֲחִינֹ֙עַם֙
אֲחִינֹ֙עַם֙
Root word a name — transliterate it ("Ahinoam")
Dictionary form: אֲחִינֹעַם · uh-hee-noh-AM

Noun — Proper Name

In the KJV here: ahinoam
ahinoam ×4 of ahinoam ×2 was ahinoam ×1
More options
Ahinoam — Standard modern spelling for this proper name.
Ahinoam (my brother is delight) — Include meaning when etymological context matters.
Ahinoam daughter of Ahimaaz — Disambiguate when multiple bearers appear in context.
Ahinoam of Jezreel — Contextual epithet for David's wife from Jezreel.

BDB302 H293

BDB301 | BIBLICAL HEBREW | BDB303

אֲחִינֹ֫עַם proper name, feminine (my brother is delight)

1. wife of Saul 1Sam 14:50 (daughter of Ahimaaz)
2. Jezreelitess, wife of David 1Sam 25:43; 1Sam 27:3; 1Sam 30:5; 2Sam 2:2; 2Sam 3:2; 1Chr 3:1.

ahinoam
ʾăḥînōʿam
my brother is delight
Achinoam, the name of two Israelitesses
  • wife of Saul, daughter of Ahimaaz
    • "wife of David, mother of Amnon, a Jezreelitess

הַ יִּזְרְעֵלִ֔ית
הַ
Prefix — article the
יִּזְרְעֵלִ֔ית
Root word a name — transliterate it ("The jezreelitess")
Dictionary form: יִזְרְעֵאלִית · yidz-reh-ay-LEET

Noun — Gentilic, feminine singular, absolute state a people-group name (like "Hittite")

In the KJV here: the jezreelitess
the jezreelitess ×5
More options
Jezreelite woman — Clear, descriptive; preferred when context needs explicit gender.
woman from Jezreel — Most transparent for readers unfamiliar with the place name.
Jezreelite — Concise; use when gender is already clear from context.
native of Jezreel — Emphasizes origin; suits genealogical or biographical contexts.

BDB2469 H3158 H3159

BDB2468 | BIBLICAL HEBREW | BDB2470

יִזְרְעֵאלִי masculine, יִזְרְעֵאלִית feminine, adjective, of a people

1. masculine from יִזְרְעֶאל 1 b; always ׳נָבוֺת הַיִּז 1Kgs 21:1; 1Kgs 21:4; 1Kgs 21:6; 1Kgs 21:7; 1Kgs 21:15; 1Kgs 21:16; 2Kgs 9:21; 2Kgs 9:25.
2. feminine from יִזְרְעֶאל 1 a; always אֲחִינֹעַם ׳הַיִּז a wife of David; ending יִ֯ת 1Sam 30:5; 2Sam 2:2; 1Chr 3:1 ending תִ֯ — 1Sam 27:3; 2Sam 3:2 (= 1Chr 3:1).

jezreelitess
yizrĕʿēʾlît
sown of God
a Jezreelitess
  • a female inhabitant of Jezreel
    • used only of Ahinoam, a wife of David

וַ ֽאֲבִיגַ֕יִל
וַ
Prefix — connector and (sometimes: but, so, then)
ֽאֲבִיגַ֕יִל
Root word a name — transliterate it ("And abigail")
Dictionary form: אֲבִיגַיִל · uh-bee-ɡa-YIL

Noun — Proper Name

In the KJV here: and abigail
and abigail ×7 abigail ×4 of abigail ×2 and when abigail ×1 then abigail ×1 to abigail ×1 with abigail ×1
More options
Abigail — Standard modern spelling; use in most narrative contexts.
Abigayl — Alternate spelling reflecting Hebrew more closely.
Avigail — Transliteration-based form; preferred in scholarly or Jewish contexts.
Avigayil — Closest phonetic rendering of the Hebrew original.

BDB21 H26

BDB20 | BIBLICAL HEBREW | BDB22

אֲבִיגַ֫יִל proper name, feminine (my father is joy (?) originally אבגל? (אֲבִגֵל? compare ᵑ0 below & NöZMG 1883, 537 Anm2).

1. wife of Nabal, then of David 1Sam 25:14; 1Sam 25:23; 1Sam 25:39; 1Sam 25:40; 1Sam 25:42; 1Sam 27:3; 1Sam 30:5; 2Sam 2:2; 1Chr 3:1 = אֲבִגַיִל 1Sam 25:3; 1Sam 25:36 אֲבִו֯גַיִל v1Sam 25:18, אֲבִיגָל֑ v1Sam 25:32, אֲבִיגַ֯לִ 2Sam 3:3.
2. sister of David 1Chr 2:16; 1Chr 2:17 = אֲבִיגַל 2Sam 17:25.

BDB45 H26

BDB44 | BIBLICAL HEBREW | BDB46

אבוגיל Kt 2Sam 25:18 see אֲבִיגַיִל below II. אבה.

abigail
ʾăbîgayil
my father is joy
Abigail or Abigal, the name of two Israelitesses
  • wife of Nabal, then of David
    • "sister of David

אֵ֖שֶׁת
אֵ֖שֶׁת
Root word wife, woman, wives, women, one, …
Dictionary form: אִשָּׁה · ish-SHAW

Noun — Common, feminine singular, construct state "___ of …" — bound to the next word

In the KJV here: the wife
wife ×73 woman ×55 his wife ×53 the woman ×44 wives ×40 to wife ×35 a woman ×29 the women ×28
More options
woman — Broadest rendering; prefer when no marital relationship implied.
wife — Use when a specific marital bond is in view.
female — Emphasizes sex/gender contrast; good in legal or biological contexts.
women — Plural contexts; collective or group references.
each one — Distributive idiom; use in 'each woman/one' constructions.
bride — Nuanced option for betrothal or covenant-entry passages.

BDB612 H802

BDB611 | BIBLICAL HEBREW | BDB613

אִשָּׁה775 noun feminine woman, wife, female (Arabic , Sabean אנתֿת etc. DHMZK 1884, 360, Aramaic אִתְּתָא, אִנְתְּתָא, אִתָּא, , Palmyrene, Nabataean אנתתא, Ethiopic Phoenician אשת, Assyrian aššatu COTGloss) — ׳א absolute Gen 2:33 +; construct אֵשֶׁת Gen 11:29 + (apparently absolute Deut 21:11; 1Sam 28:7; Ps 58:9 but compare Bö§ 728 Ges«GKC:130»§ 130. 5); suffix אִשְׁתִּי Gen 20:11 +; אִשְׁתְּךָ Gen 12:18 + (אֶשְׁתְּךָ Ps 128:3), etc.; Plural אִשֹּׁת Ezek 23:44 (Co לעשׂות); נָשִׁים Gen 4:19 +; construct נְשֵׁי Gen 4:23 +; suffix נָשַׁי Gen 30:26; 1Kgs 20:7 נְשֵׁיכֶם Exod 22:23 +, etc.; —

1. woman Gen 3:1; Gen 3:2; Gen 12:11 +; opposed to man Gen 2:22; Gen 2:23; Exod 35:29; Exod 36:6; Deut 7:2; Deut 7:5; Deut 22:22; 1Sam 21:5 +; ׳א emphatic a genuine (or ideal) woman Eccl 7:28 (|| אדם); simile of men as feeble, timid Jer 50:37; Jer 51:30 note especially הַטַּף בַּנָּשִׁים the children among the women, female children Num 31:18 (P); as conceiving Exod 2:2; Lev 12:2; 2Sam 11:5 +; travailing Jer 13:21 bearing children Judg 13:24; 1Kgs 3:18 compare Job 14:1; Job 15:14; Job 25:4 +, etc.; suckling Isa 49:15 אֹרַח כַּנָּשִׁים Gen 18:11 דֶּרֶח נָשִׁים Gen 31:35 with adjective, or app., מֵינֶקֶת׳א nursing woman, nurse Exod 2:7 זוֺנָה ׳א harlot Josh 2:1; Josh 6:22; Judg 11:1; Judg 16:1; 1Kgs 3:16; Prov 6:26; Jer 3:3; Ezek 16:30; Ezek 23:44 so זָרָה ׳א Prov 2:16; Prov 7:5 compare also Ezek 23:44 above; מְנָאָ֑פֶת ׳א adulteress Prov 30:20 (compare אֵשֶׁת אִישׁ Prov 6:26), אֵשֶׁת זְנוּנִים Hos 1:2 נָשִׁים נָכְרִיּוֺת foreign women 1Kgs 11:1; 1Kgs 11:8; Ezra 10:2; Ezra 10:10; Ezra 10:11; Ezra 10:14; Ezra 10:17; Ezra 10:18; Ezra 10:44; Neh 13:26; Neh 13:27 (compare vNeh 13:23); חֲכָמָה ׳א wise woman, one known as clever, shrewd 2Sam 14:2; 2Sam 20:16, etc.; also פִּילֶגֶשׁ ׳א concubine Judg 19:1; Judg 19:27: אַלְמָנָה ׳א widow 2Sam 14:5; 1Kgs 11:26; 1Kgs 17:9; 1Kgs 17:10 נְבִיאָה ׳א prophetess Judg 4:4 also construct before noun of quality אֵשֶׁת רָ֑ע Prov 6:24 בְּסִילוּת ׳א Prov 9:13 חֵן ׳א Prov 11:16 חַיִל ׳א Prov 12:4; Prov 31:10; Ruth 3:11 מִדְיָנִים ׳א Prov 21:9; Prov 25:24; Prov 27:15 וָכָ֑עַס ׳מ ׳א Prov 21:19.

2. Wife (woman belonging to a man, usually construct or suffix) Gen 2:24; Gen 2:25; Gen 3:8; Gen 3:17; Gen 4:1; Gen 4:17 + often; of one betrothed (ארשׂ) Deut 20:7; Deut 28:30 בַּעַל (הָ)אִשָּׁה Exod 21:3; Exod 21:22 אִישׁ הָאִשָּׁה Judg 20:4 לְאִשָּׁה to wife Gen 2:22; Gen 12:19; Gen 16:3; Gen 34:21 + often (after לָקַח, נָתַן husband or father subject); for wife (after הָֽיְתָה, woman subject) Gen 20:12; Num 36:3; Num 36:6 (twice in verse); Num 36:11; Num 36:12; Deut 22:19; Deut 22:29 +; for unfaithful wife compare 1; construct in phrase אֵשֶׁת חֵיקֶ֑ךָ Deut 13:7 compare Deut 28:54 נְעוּרֶיךָ ׳א Prov 5:18; Mal 2:14; Mal 2:15 בְּרִיתֶ֑ךָ ׳א vMal 2:14 אֵשֶׁת אָב = step-mother Lev 18:8; Lev 18:11; Lev 20:11.

3. Female of animals Gen 7:2 (twice in verse); see also below
4.

4. With distributive & reciprocal sense, מֵאֵת ׳א רְעוּתָהּ each woman from her neighbour Exod 11:2 (E); compare Ruth 1:8; Ruth 1:9; Jer 9:19 each one, of birds of prey Isa 34:15 compare vIsa 34:16 (strike out Bi Che); of cows (figurative of heartless women of Israel) Amos 4:3 of sheep (figurative of Israel) Zech 11:9 & of inanimate things (P, & late) אֶל אֲחֹתָהּ ׳א Exod 26:3 (twice in verse); Exod 26:5; Exod 26:6; Exod 26:17 (P) Ezek 1:9 (strike out Co) vEzek 1:23; Ezek 3:13.

BDB9321 H802

BDB9320 | BIBLICAL ARAMAIC | BDB9322

II. אנשׁ (√ of following; Biblical Hebrew III. אנשׁ, אִשָּׁח).

wife, woman, wives, women, one, …
ʾiššâ
a woman
  • woman, wife, female
    • woman (opposite of man)
      • "wife (woman married to a man)"female (of animals)"each, every (pronoun)

נָבָ֥ל
נָבָ֥ל
Root word a name — transliterate it ("Of nabal")
Dictionary form: נָבָל · naw-BAWL

Noun — Proper Name

In the KJV here: of nabal
nabal ×8 of nabal ×5 nabals ×3 and nabal ×1 and nabals ×1 as nabal ×1 even nabal ×1 unto nabal ×1
More options
Nabal — Standard proper-name transliteration; use in narrative contexts.
the fool — Captures the name's meaning; good for wordplay passages.
the churl — Emphasizes his rude, boorish character.
the scoundrel — Highlights moral worthlessness in stronger register.

BDB4952 H5037

BDB4951 | BIBLICAL HEBREW | BDB4953

II. נָבָל proper name, masculine (on popular etymology see 1Sam 25:25 below); — a churlish man of Carmel, whose widow David married 1Sam 25:3; 1Sam 25:4; 1Sam 25:5; 1Sam 25:9; 1Sam 25:10; 1Sam 25:14; 1Sam 25:19; 1Sam 25:25 (twice in verse) (כִּשְׁמוֺ כֶּןהֿ֔וּא נָבָל שְׁמוֺ וּנְּבָלָה עִמּוֺ), v1Sam 25:26 + 10 t. 1 Samuel + 2Sam 2:2; 2Sam 3:3. ᵐ5 Ναβαλ.

nabal, nabals
nābāl
fool
Nabal, an Israelite
  • a man of Carmel who spurned David's messengers, then died of shock when he realized it might cause his death; his case was pleaded by his wife Abigail who became David's wife after his death

הַֽ כַּרְמְלִֽי
הַֽ
Prefix — article the
כַּרְמְלִֽי
Root word a name — transliterate it ("The carmelite")
Dictionary form: כַּרְמְלִי · kahr-meh-LEE

Noun — Gentilic, masculine singular, absolute state a people-group name (like "Hittite")

In the KJV here: the carmelite
the carmelite ×5
More options
Carmelite — Standard demonym; capitalize as a proper ethnic label.
person from Carmel — Explanatory; useful when readers may not know 'Carmelite'.
native of Carmel — Slightly more formal; emphasizes geographic origin.
inhabitant of Carmel — Neutral; good for prose or narrative contexts.

BDB4202 H3761 H3762

BDB4201 | BIBLICAL HEBREW | BDB4203

כַּרְמְלִי adjective, of a people, with article, the Carmelite, of Nabal ׳הַכּ 1Sam 30:5; 2Sam 2:2; 2Sam 3:3, so also 1Sam 27:3 (ᵐ5 We Klo Dr Bu Kit; ᵑ0 הַכַּרְמְלִית, of Abi-gail); of חצרו 2Sam 23:35 = 1Chr 11:37. feminine הַכַּרְמְלִית the Carmelitess, 1Chr 3:1, of Abigail.

carmelite
karmĕlî
garden-land
a Karmelite or inhabitant of Karmel (the town)
  • an inhabitant of Carmel

The cantillation accents are the Masoretes' punctuation: each group below ends at a pausing accent. Translate a group as one unit.
וּשְׁתֵּ֥י נְשֵֽׁי דָוִ֖ד Tipeha — a lesser break נִשְׁבּ֑וּ Etnahta — the verse's main pause — take a breath here אֲחִינֹ֙עַם֙ Pashta — a lesser break הַיִּזְרְעֵלִ֔ית Zaqef Qatan — a strong break וַֽאֲבִיגַ֕יִל Zaqef Gadol — a strong break אֵ֖שֶׁת Tipeha — a lesser break נָבָ֥ל הַֽכַּרְמְלִֽי Silluq — end of the verse

וּשְׁתֵּי נְשֵֽׁי-דָוִד נִשְׁבּוּ אֲחִינֹעַם הַיִּזְרְעֵלִית וַֽאֲבִיגַיִל אֵשֶׁת נָבָל הַֽכַּרְמְלִֽי׃
5
And David's two wives were taken captives, Ahinoam the Jezreelitess, and Abigail the wife of Nabal the Carmelite.
Cross References

1 Samuel 25:42

וַתְּמַהֵר וַתָּקָם אֲבִיגַיִל וַתִּרְכַּב עַֽל-הַחֲמוֹר וְחָמֵשׁ נַֽעֲרֹתֶיהָ הַהֹֽלְכוֹת לְרַגְלָהּ וַתֵּלֶךְ אַֽחֲרֵי מַלְאֲכֵי דָוִד וַתְּהִי-לוֹ לְאִשָּֽׁה׃
42
And Abigail hasted, and arose, and rode upon an ass, with five damsels of hers that went after her; and she went after the messengers of David, and became his wife.

2 Samuel 2:2

וַיַּעַל שָׁם דָּוִד וְגַם שְׁתֵּי נָשָׁיו אֲחִינֹעַם הַיִּזְרְעֵלִית וַֽאֲבִיגַיִל אֵשֶׁת נָבָל הַֽכַּרְמְלִֽי׃
2
So David went up thither, and his two wives also, Ahinoam the Jezreelitess, and Abigail Nabal's wife the Carmelite.

2 Samuel 3:2

‫(וילדו)‬ וַיִּוָּלְדוּ לְדָוִד בָּנִים בְּחֶבְרוֹן וַיְהִי בְכוֹרוֹ אַמְנוֹן לַֽאֲחִינֹעַם הַיִּזְרְעֵאלִֽת׃
2
And unto David were sons born in Hebron: and his firstborn was Amnon, of Ahinoam the Jezreelitess;

1 Samuel 1:2

וְלוֹ שְׁתֵּי נָשִׁים שֵׁם אַחַת חַנָּה וְשֵׁם הַשֵּׁנִית פְּנִנָּה וַיְהִי לִפְנִנָּה יְלָדִים וּלְחַנָּה אֵין יְלָדִֽים׃
2
And he had two wives; the name of the one was Hannah, and the name of the other Peninnah: and Peninnah had children, but Hannah had no children.

1 Samuel 27:3

וַיֵּשֶׁב דָּוִד עִם-אָכִישׁ בְּגַת הוּא וַֽאֲנָשָׁיו אִישׁ וּבֵיתוֹ דָּוִד וּשְׁתֵּי נָשָׁיו אֲחִינֹעַם הַיִּזְרְעֵאלִת וַֽאֲבִיגַיִל אֵֽשֶׁת-נָבָל הַֽכַּרְמְלִֽית׃
3
And David dwelt with Achish at Gath, he and his men, every man with his household, even David with his two wives, Ahinoam the Jezreelitess, and Abigail the Carmelitess, Nabal's wife.
1 Samuel 30:4
Read 1 Samuel 30
1 Samuel 30:6