2 Samuel 22:13

מִנֹּ֖גַהּ נֶגְדּ֑וֹ בָּֽעֲר֖וּ גַּֽחֲלֵי אֵֽשׁ
Through the brightness before him were coals of fire kindled.
Select a Hebrew word above to see its details.

מִ נֹּ֖גַהּ
מִ
Prefix — preposition from, out of
נֹּ֖גַהּ
Root word brightness, shining, bright, light
Dictionary form: נֹגַהּ · noh-ɡA

Noun — Common, feminine singular, absolute state

In the KJV here: through the brightness
their shining ×2 and a brightness ×1 and at the shining ×1 and his brightness ×1 and it had brightness ×1 and the shining ×1 as brightness ×1 at the brightness ×1
More options
radiance — Broad, poetic; suits divine or celestial contexts well.
brilliance — Emphasizes intensity of light; good for vivid imagery.
gleam — Softer, more fleeting light; suits momentary or reflected shine.
glow — Warm, diffuse light; fits atmospheric or surrounding brightness.
splendor — Adds majesty; use when brightness implies glory or power.
luminosity — Technical/formal register; suits scientific or precise prose.

BDB4966 H5051

BDB4965 | BIBLICAL HEBREW | BDB4967

I. נֹ֫גַהּ noun feminineHab 3:4 brightness; — ׳נ absolute Amos 5:10 +; construct Isa 4:5 +; suffix נָגְהָם Joel 2:10; Joel 4:15 — brightness of a (clear, sunshiny) day Amos 5:10 (|| אוֺר; opposed to אָפֵל, חשֶׁךְ), 2Sam 23:4 (מִמָּטָר after rain); so figurative of Zion's dawning, זַרְחֵךְ ׳נ Isa 60:3 (|| אוֺר); of her righteousness כַּנֹּגַהּ Isa 62:1 (with article only here and Ezek 1:28), || כְּלַפִּיד יִבְעָ֑ר; of moon Isa 60:19, of stars Joel 2:10; Joel 4:15 of theophany 2Sam 22:13 = Ps 18:13 (in storm); compare Ezek 1:4; Ezek 1:27; Ezek 1:28, ׳כְּבוֺד י ׳נ Ezek 10:4 כאור ׳נ Hab 3:4 לָאֵשׁ ׳נ Ezek 1:13, אֵשׁ לֶהָבָה ׳נ Isa 4:5 בְּרַק ׳נ חֲנִיתֶ֑ךָ Hab 3:11 (of glitter of ׳י's spear; || אוֺר חִצֶּיךָ); of individual, לוֺ ׳וְאֵין נ Isa 50:10 (figurative of distress || חֲשֵׁכִים); so ׳וְאֹרַח צַדִּיקִים כְּאוֺר נ Prov 4:18 the path of righteous men is like a light of brightness.

BDB9691 H5053 H5051

BDB9690 | BIBLICAL ARAMAIC | BDB9692

[נ֫גַהּ] noun [feminine] brightness, daylight (ᵑ7 Syriac; Biblical Hebrew id.); — emphatic בְּנָגְהָא (K§ 54 c), 1) Dan 6:20.

brightness, shining, bright, light
nōgah
brilliancy (literally or figuratively)
  • brightness

נֶגְדּ ֑וֹ
נֶגְדּ
Preposition before, against, presence, from, in, …
֑וֹ
Suffix — pronoun his / him / it
Dictionary form: נֶגֶד · neh-ɡED

Preposition

In the KJV here: before
before ×44 over against ×17 before me ×6 and before ×5 against ×4 before thee ×4 from ×4 in ×3
More options
in front of — Most versatile spatial rendering; prefer for physical position.
opposite — Ideal when two things face or mirror each other.
facing — Good for directional or relational proximity contexts.
in the sight of — Captures the 'presence/view' sense; slightly formal.
across from — Best for geographic or architectural 'other side' contexts.
in view of — Useful for figurative or evaluative contexts (e.g., before God).

BDB4963 H5048

BDB4962 | BIBLICAL HEBREW | BDB4964

נֶ֫גֶד151 substantive what is conspicuous or in front, always as adverb or preposition in front of, in sight of, opposite to, נֶ֑גֶד, construct נֶגֶד, suffix נֶגְדִּי Ps 38:11 +, נֶגְדְּךָ Ps 38:10 +, etc.; with ה locative נֶ֫גְדָּה Ps 116:14; Ps 116:18 —

1. as adverb accusative in front of,
  a. locally (rather stronger and distincter than לִפְנֵי),
   (a) Gen 31:32 נֶגֶד אַחֵינוּ הַכֶּרנָֿא in front of our brethren own it, now, vGen 31:37; Gen 47:15 ולמה נמות נגדך why should we die in thy sight ? Exod 19:2 Israel encamped נגד ההר in front of the mountain, Exod 34:10 נגד כלעֿמך אעשׂה נִפְלָאֹת, before, in sight of, all thy people (compare Ps 78:12), Josh 3:16 the people passed over נגד ירחו in front of J., 1Kgs 20:27, etc.; Neh 3:23 in front of their house, vNeh 3:29 נגד (כלׅ ישׂראל Deut 31:11; Josh 8:35 = 1Sam 15:30; 2Sam 12:12 +; 1Kgs 21:13 set Naboth נֶגֶד הָעָם; ׳נגד י 1Sam 12:3; 1Sam 16:6 מְשִׁיחוֺ ׳אַךְ נֶגֶד י, so נֶגְדִּי Ps 89:37, נֶגְדּוֺ Ps 18:13 נגד השׁמשׁ Num 25:4; 2Sam 12:12; Ps 22:26 יראיו ׳נ, Ps 52:11 (so in poetry נֶגְדָּה לְ Ps 116:14; Ps 116:18); hostilely, Job 10:17 with collateral idea of to the mortification of, Ps 23:5; Ps 31:20, compare Joel 1:16 with collateral idea of being open or known to, Prov 15:11 ׳שׁאול ואבדון נגד י, Job 26:6; Ps 38:10 נגדך כלתֿאותי || (ממך לא נסתרהׅ, Ps 69:20 (|| יָדַעְתָּ), Ps 119:168; Isa 59:12 so נֶגֶד פָּנַי הָיוּ Hos 7:2.
   (b) with reflexive suffix, and verb of motion, to go in front of oneself, i.e. straightforward, Josh 6:5 ועלו העם אישׁ נגדו each straightforward, vJosh 6:20; Amos 4:3; Jer 31:29; Neh 12:37, compare Prov 4:25.
  b. mentally, = vividly present to, Ps 38:18 ומכאובי נגדי תמיד, Ps 44:16; Ps 51:5 וחטאתי נגדי תמיד, Ps 109:15 ׳י ׳נ (remembered by): nearly = בְּעֵינָיו, כְּאַיִן נֶגְדּוֺ Isa 40:17; Ps 39:6 so ׳וְנ פְּנֵיהֶם נְבוֺנִים Isa 5:21. But Exod 10:10 כי רעה נגד פניכם before your face is = in your view, or purpose (compare לא אשׁית לְנֶגֶד עֵינַי דברבֿליעל Ps 101:3).

2. With prepositions:
  a. כְּנֶגֶד according to what is in front of = corresponding to, Gen 2:18 I will make him עֵזֶר כְּנֶגְדּוֺ a help corresponding to him i.e. equal and adequate to himself, vGen 2:20 among the animals there was no עֵזֶר כְּנֶגְדּוֺ.
**Note that in Late Hebrew מכנגד = in front of, Ber 4:5; 9:5; Ab 2:10, מכנגד פני Git 7:7 and elsewhere.
  b. לְנֶגֶד in front of, before, Gen 33:12 וְֵ˜אלְכָה לְנֶנְדֶּ֑ךָ, Num 22:32; 2Kgs 1:13 fell on his knees לנגד אליהו, Isa 1:7 your ground לנגדכם זרים אֹכלים אותהּ; with עָמַד Josh 5:13; Dan 8:15; Dan 10:16, in a hostile sense vDan 10:13, compare Prov 21:30 in the sight or presence of, Hab 1:3 וְשֹׁד וְחָמָס לְנֶגְדִּי, Ps 39:2 בעוד רשׁע לנגדי, Ps 50:8 ועולֹתיך לנגדי תמיד, Neh 3:37 opposite to (probably of opposite choirs), Neh 12:9; Neh 12:24 = parallel to, 1Chr 5:11 = over, for, a business (peculiar) Neh 11:22 figurative of what is visible morally, Ps 18:23 כי כל משׁפטיו לנגדי (|| לֹא אָסִיר מֶנִּי), with to set or place Ps 16:8; Ps 54:5 לא שׂמו אלהים לנגדם (compare Ps 86:14,), Ps 90:8 often in the phrase לְנֶגֶד עֵינֵי ֗֗֗ , both literal, as Job 4:16 תְּמוּנָה עֵינָ֑י ׳לנ, Ps 5:6 עיניך ׳לא יתיצבו הוללים לנ (compare Ps 101:7); and in a moral sense, Ps 18:25 עיניו ׳כְּבֹר ידי לנ, Ps 26:3 עיני ׳כי חסדך לנ i.e. is ever present to my mind, Ps 36:2 עיניו ׳אין פחד אלהים לנ i.e. he has no eye to discern God's awe-inspiring judgments (compare Ps 10:5); with לא אשׁית i.e. have in view, purpose (|| שׂנאתי) Ps 101:3.
  c. מִנֶּגֶד
   (a) adverb off (מִן 1 c) the front, in front, opposite, ex adverso, Gen 21:16 ותשׁב להּ מנגד sat her down opposite, vGen 21:16, 2Kgs 2:7; Deut 28:66 והיו חייך תלואים לך מנגד shall be hung up for thee in front (i.e. suspended, as by a thread, in front of thee); Judg 9:17 וישׁלך נפשׁו מנגד and flung away his life in front or straight away (i.e. hazarded it); = some way off, from or at a distance, Num 2:2; Deut 32:52 כי מִנֶּגֶד תראה את הארץ, 2Kgs 2:15 ׳וַיִּרְאֻהוּ מנ at a distance, 2Kgs 3:22; 2Kgs 4:25 aloof, 2Sam 18:13 ואתה תתיצב מנגד, Obad 1:11
   (b) as a preposition
   (a) from the front of, away from, Song 6:5 הָסֵבִּי עֵינַיִךְ מִנֶּגְדִּי, 1Sam 26:20 אליֿפֹל ׳פני י ׳דמי ארצה מנ; מנגד עיני from before the eyes of, with verbs of removing Isa 1:16, cutting off Ps 31:23; Jonah 2:5, hiding Amos 9:3; Jer 16:17. (β) opposite to, Neh 3:19; Neh 3:25; Neh 3:27 at a distance from, Ps 10:5 מרום משׁפטיך מנגדו, Ps 38:12 מנגד נגעי יעמדו. (γ) מִנֶּגֶד לְ from before, Prov 14:7, in front of Judg 20:34.
  d. עַד נֶגֶד as far as the front of, Neh 3:16; Neh 3:26.

BDB9690 H5049 H5048

BDB9689 | BIBLICAL ARAMAIC | BDB9691

נֶ֫גֶד preposition in front of, facing (= Biblical Hebrew, see √; not elsewhere known in Aramaic), Dan 6:11 נגד ירושׁלם.

before, against, presence, from, in, …
neged
a front, i.e., part opposite; specifically a counterpart, or mate; usually (adverbial, especially with preposition) over against or before
  • (subst) what is conspicuous, what is in front of
    • "(adv) in front of, straight forward, before, in sight of"in front of oneself, straightforward"before your face, in your view or purpose"(with prep) what is in front of, corresponding to"in front of, before"in the sight or presence of"parallel to"over, for"in front, opposite"at a distance"(prep) from the front of, away from"from before the eyes of, opposite to, at a distance from"from before, in front of"as far as the front of

בָּֽעֲר֖וּ
בָּֽעֲר֖וּ
Root word burn, away, kindled, burned, brutish, …
Dictionary form: בָּעַר · baw-AR

Verb — Qal, Perfect (Qatal), third person plural simple action — "he did" completed action — try "he ___ed" or "he has ___ed" the built-in subject is "they"

In the KJV here: kindled
burned ×5 so shalt thou put ×4 burn ×3 burneth ×3 burning ×3 to burn ×3 and burn ×2 and it shall burn ×2
More options
burn — Core meaning; suits fire, anger, or judgment contexts.
blaze — Vivid, intense burning; good for dramatic or poetic passages.
consume — Emphasizes total destruction by fire or judgment.
purge — Fits contexts of removing evil or moral cleansing.
kindle — Stresses the starting or stirring up of a fire.
be brutish — Captures the rare sense of acting like a dumb animal.

BDB1237 H1197

BDB1236 | BIBLICAL HEBREW | BDB1238

I. [בָּעַר] verb burn, consume (ᵑ7 בְּעַר burn; seek out, collect, glean; this apparently earlier meaning) —

Qal Perfect 3 feminine singular בָּֽעֲרָה Num 11:3 + 2 t., וּבָֽעֲרָה consecutive Isa 10:17 + 3 t., בָּֽעֲרוּ Judg 15:14 + 2 t. + 2Sam 22:13 (but compare De on Ps 18), וּבָֽעֲרוּ consecutive Isa 1:31 Imperfect יִבְעַר Exod 3:3; Ps 2:12, etc.; Participle בֹּעֵר Exod 3:2 + 6 t., בֹּעֵרָ֑ה Isa 34:9, בּוֺעֵ֫רָה Hos 7:4, בֹּעֲרָ֫ה Isa 30:33, בֹּעֶ֫רֶת Jer 20:9, בֹּעֲרוֺת Ezek 1:13 — burn,
1. (intransitive) specifically begin to burn, be kindled Ps 18:8 followed by מִן (subject גֶּחָלִים) = 2Sam 22:9 (in v2Sam 22:13 textual error compare above), Ps 106:18 (subject אֵשׁ); figurative Ps 2:12 (subject אַפּוֺ) compare Jer 44:6 (subject חֵמָה); Isa 30:33 (with בְּ, subject ׳נִשְׁמַת י), Ps 39:4 (subject אֵשׁ figurative of grief, distress) compare Jer 20:9.
2. be burning, burn, Judg 15:14 (subject פִּשְׁתִּים, with בָּאֵשׁ), Exod 3:2 (הסנה, with בָּאֵשׁ), vExod 3:3 (subject id.); Deut 4:11; Deut 5:20; Deut 9:15 (all subject הר, with בָּאֵשׁ), compare Isa 34:9 (זֶפֶת בערה), figurative of destruction Isa 1:31 (subject חָסֹן & פֹּעֲלוֺ); of torch לַפִּיד Isa 62:1 of oven תַּנּוּר Hos 7:4; Hos 7:6 (i.e. heated by fire within it).
3. transitive burn, consume (subject אשׁ, להבה etc., followed by בְּ) Num 11:1; Num 11:3 (׳אשׁ י), Job 1:16 (אשׁ אלהים); in smile Ezek 1:33 (׳גחלי אשׁ י), Ps 83:15 (only here transitive with accusative; should תבער be pointed as Pi`el ?); figurative (subject wrath of ׳י) Isa 42:25 compare Lam 2:5 (subject fire = fiery trial) Isa 43:2.
4. active but absolute, figurative, subject wrath of ׳י Jer 4:4; Jer 7:20; Jer 21:12; Ps 89:47 compare Isa 10:17; Ps 79:5; Isa 30:27 (֗֗֗ בֹּעֵר אַפּוֺ ׳שֵׁם י) Mal 3:19 (היום בא); of human anger Esth 1:12 subject wickedness Isa 9:17. Pi`el Perfect בִּעֵר 1Kgs 22:47; 2Kgs 23:24, וּבִעֵר consecutive Lev 6:5, בִּעַ֫רְתָּ 2Chr 19:3, וּבִַ ערְתָּ֫ Deut 13:6 + 9 t. in Deuteronomy; וּבִעֲרוּ consecutive Ezek 39:9 (twice in verse) (9:a strike out Co after Vrss), etc.; Imperfect יְבַעֵר 1Kgs 14:10 2 masculine singular תְּבַעֵר Deut 21:9, יְבַעֲרוּ Ezek 39:10 2 masculine plural תְּבַעֲרוּ Exod 35:3, וּנְבַעֲרָ֫ה subordinate Judg 20:13 Participle מְבַעֲרִים Jer 7:18 —
1. kindle, literal with accusative אשׁ Exod 35:3; Jer 7:18 compare Ezek 39:9 (see above) vEzek 39:10 figurative of ׳י sending destruction Ezek 21:4 compare of human schemes Isa 50:11 light, object lamps in temple 2Chr 4:20 compare 2Chr 13:11.
2. burn, literal with accusative עֵצִים Lev 6:5, גָּלָל dung 1Kgs 14:10 absolute Isa 44:15 compare Isa 40:16; Neh 10:35.
3. figurative consume, utterly remove, particular of evil and guilt, with accusative, especially in Deuteronomic phrase ובערת הרע מקרבך (מישׂראלׅ Deut 13:6; Deut 17:7; Deut 17:12; Deut 19:13; Deut 19:19; Deut 21:21 compare vDeut 21:9; Deut 22:21; Deut 22:22; Deut 22:24; Deut 24:7, see also Judg 20:13 further, 1Kgs 22:47; 2Kgs 23:24; 2Chr 19:3 also of devoted (tabooed) things Deut 26:13; Deut 26:14 of persons (exterminate) 2Sam 4:11 followed by אחרי pregnantly 1Kgs 14:10; 1Kgs 21:21 = devour, devastate, greedily enjoy the fruits of, Isa 3:14 absolute היה לְבָעֵר be for destruction, be destroyed Num 24:22; Isa 5:5; Isa 6:13 compare רוּחַ בָּעֵר Isa 4:4. Pu`al Participle מְבֹעָ֑רֶת Jer 36:22 — burn (i.e. be supplied with fire), of fire-jar, הָאָח. Hiph`il Perfect וְהִבְעַרְתִּ֫י Nah 2:14 Imperfect וַיַּבְעֵר Judg 15:5; 2Chr 28:3, וַיַּבְעֶרֿ Judg 15:5 תַּבְעִיר Ezek 5:2 Participle מַבְעִיר 1Kgs 16:3, מַבְעִר Exod 22:5 —
1. kindle (with accusative of congnate meaning with verb) Exod 22:5, compare Judg 15:5 אשׁ בלפידים ׳ויב caused fire to burn among the brands.
2. burn up, with accusative Judg 15:5; 2Chr 28:3 (sacrifice of children בָּאֵשׁ) Ezek 5:2 (בָּאוּר but compare Co) Nah 2:14 (בעשׁן).
3. consume = destroy (compare Pi`el) 1Kgs 16:3 (followed by אַחֲרֵי).

BDB1241 H1197

BDB1240 | BIBLICAL HEBREW | BDB1242

II. [בָּעַר] verb denominative be brutish —

Qal Imperfect יִבְעֲרוּ Jer 10:8 (|| יכסלו) be stupid, dull-hearted, unreceptive; compare Participle plural בֹּעֲרִים Ps 94:8 (|| כסילים); of inhuman, cruel, barbarous men Ezek 21:36. Niph`al Perfect נִבְעַר Jer 10:14; Jer 51:17, נִבְעֲרוּ Jer 10:21 Participle נִבְעָרָ֑ה Isa 19:11 — brutish, stupid Isa 19:11 (עצה, || אויל); dull-hearted, ignorant of God Jer 10:14; Jer 10:21; Jer 51:17.
**Jer 10:14 = Jer 51:17 rather stupefied (by spectacle Jer 10:13 = Jer 51:16). Pi`el Perfect וּבִעֵר consecutive Exod 22:4 feed, graze (בשׂדה אחר). Hiph`il Imperfect יַבְעֶרֿ Exod 22:4 cause to be grazed over, followed by שׂדה.

burn, away, kindled, burned, brutish, …
bāʿar
to kindle, i.e., consume (by fire or by eating)
  • to burn, consume, kindle, be kindled
    • (Qal)
      • to begin to burn, be kindled, start burning
        • "to burn, be burning"to burn, consume"Jehovah's wrath, human wrath (figuratively)
      (Piel)
      • to kindle, burn
        • "to consume, remove (of guilt) (figuratively)
      (Hiphil)
      • to kindle
        • "to burn up"to consume (destroy)
      (Pual) to burn
    (v denom) to be stupid, brutish, barbarous
    • (Qal) to be stupid, dull-hearted, unreceptive
      • "(Niphal) to be stupid, dull-hearted"(Piel) to feed, graze"(Hiphil) to cause to be grazed over

גַּֽחֲלֵי
גַּֽחֲלֵי
Root word coals, coal, fire
Dictionary form: גֶּחֶל · ɡeh-HEL

Noun — Common, both plural, construct state plural — usually add "-s"; "___ of …" — bound to the next word

In the KJV here: him were coals
coals ×5 stones and coals ×2 the coals ×2 are to burning coals ×1 be a coal ×1 coals of fire ×1 him were coals ×1 hot coals ×1
More options
ember — Best general term; glowing coal, not ash or flame.
burning coal — Vivid imagery; prefer in poetic or judgment contexts.
live coal — Stresses that the coal is actively hot and ignited.
glowing coal — Highlights radiant heat; good for visionary descriptions.
hot coal — Plain and direct; suits straightforward narrative prose.
charcoal — Use only when fuel or cooking context is explicit.

BDB1606 H1513

BDB1605 | BIBLICAL HEBREW | BDB1607

גַּחֶ֫לֶת noun feminineExod 1:13 coal (compare Assyrian gu—lu, a shining precious stone? COTGloss ZimBP 45) — absolute גַּחֶלֶת Isa 47:14 suffix גַּחַלְתִּי 2Sam 14:7 plural גֶּחָלִים Ps 18:9 + 6 t.; construct גַּחֲלֵי Lev 16:12 + 5 t. + Ps 18:14 (strike out ᵐ5 De Che); suffix גֶּחָלָיו Isa 44:19, גֶּחָלֶיהָ Ezek 24:11 — coal, plural אֵשׁ ׳ג coals of fire Lev 16:12 (P), 2Sam 22:13 = Ps 18:13 [also Ps 18:14 compare above] Ezek 10:2 (in vision); compare 2Sam 22:9 = Ps 18:9; Job 41:13, also Prov 6:28; Isa 44:19 in simile (of strife) Prov 26:21 (opposed to פֶּחָם black coal); Ezek 1:13 גַּחֲלֵי אֵשׁ (of the living creatures); figurative of hope in posterity 2Sam 14:7, of divine judgement, רתם ׳ג coals of broom-plant Ps 120:4, compare Ps 140:11, also (negative) Isa 47:14; Ezek 24:11 of kindness to enemy Prov 25:22.

coals, coal, fire
geḥel
an ember
  • coal, burning coal, coals of fire, hot coals

אֵֽשׁ
אֵֽשׁ
Root word fire, flaming, hot, burning, fiery
Dictionary form: אֵשׁ · aysh

Noun — Common, both singular, absolute state

In the KJV here: of fire
with fire ×58 fire ×54 the fire ×51 of fire ×34 a fire ×32 in the fire ×14 of the fire ×14 and fire ×9
More options
fire — Most natural, all-purpose rendering in any context.
flame — Prefer when emphasizing visible, flickering light.
blaze — Suits large, intense, or raging fires.
burning — Good for adjectival or process-focused contexts.
inferno — Strong register; reserve for overwhelming, destructive fire.
fiery heat — Captures metaphorical intensity or divine wrath imagery.

BDB793 H784 H799

BDB792 | BIBLICAL HEBREW | BDB794

אֵשׁ377 noun feminineExod 9:23 (masculineJer 48:45; Ps 104:4;

**'masculine' is dubious: Num 16:18 read עָלֶיהָ for 2nd עֲלֵיהֶם (ᵐ5B); Jer 20:9 see Ges§ 132 d; Jer 48:45 read (many MSS., Num 21:23) יצאה; Ps 104:4 read perhaps (Ol Du): לֵֹ˜הטָה, or וָלָֽחַט; Job 20:26 see Ges§ 145 u (or 121 b): compare AlbrZAW xvi {1896}. 63. feminine & masculineJer 20:9; Job 20:26) fire (Assyrian išatu COTGloss, Syriac , Ethiopic derivatives from II. אנשׁ, , sociable, friendly element (MV Wetzst in DePsalmen, ed. 4, p. 888 LagBN 68 compare , ), improbable especially in view of Assyrian; daghesh probably secondary; compare also Sta§ 189 b) — ׳א absolute Exod 9:24 +; construct Lev 6:2 + (seldom); suffix אִשּׁוֺ Deut 4:36; Job 18:5 אֶשְׁכֶם Isa 50:11 אִשָּׁם Isa 66:24 —
1. fire, of conflagration, e.g. in briers, endangering or destroying crops תֵּצֵא אֵשׁ וּמָֽצְאָה קֹצִים Exod 22:5 compare Exod 3:2 הַסְּנֶה בֹּעֵר בָּאֵשׁ (both E); more often of deliberate destruction by fire, especially שָׂרַף בָּאֵשׁ (בָּ with qam. preton.) object golden calf Exod 32:20 (J), other idols Deut 7:5; Deut 7:25, Asherim Deut 12:3, chariots Josh 11:6; Josh 11:9; 2Kgs 23:1, house Judg 12:1; Judg 14:15, tower Judg 9:52, city-gates Neh 1:3; Neh 2:3; Neh 2:13; Neh 2:17, city Josh 6:24; Judg 18:27 compare Isa 1:7 +; also שִׁלַּח אֵשׁ בְּ Amos 1:4; Amos 1:7; Amos 1:10 +; שִׁלַּח אֶתהָֿעִיר בָּאֵשׁ Judg 1:8; Judg 20:48 compare 2Kgs 8:12 הִצִּית אֶתהָֿעִיר בָּאֵשׁ Josh 8:8; Josh 8:19; Jer 17:27 +, compare Judg 9:49; 2Sam 14:30; 2Sam 14:31 (of field, compare Exod 22:5 above)
2. of supernatural fire, attending theophany Exod 3:2; Exod 19:18 (both J E) Deut 4:11; Deut 4:12; Deut 4:15; Deut 4:33; Deut 4:36 +; specifically עַמּוּד (הָ)אֵשׁ Exod 13:21; Exod 13:22; Exod 14:24 (all J E) Neh 9:12; Neh 9:19 compare Deut 1:33 (see מַרְאֵהאֵֿשׁ Num 9:15; Num 9:16 P); of destructive fire from ׳י Num 11:1; Num 11:2; Num 11:3 (J) Num 26:10 (P) Lev 10:2 (P); compare אֹכֶלָת ׳א in simile of Yahweh's glory Exod 24:17 (E) Deut 4:24; Deut 9:3 see also 1Kgs 18:24; 1Kgs 18:38; 2Kgs 1:10 (twice in verse); 2Kgs 1:12 (twice in verse); 2Kgs 1:14; Job 1:16 (perhaps lightning intended), compare further of lightning Exod 9:23; Exod 9:24 (JE) Ps 18:13; Ps 18:14; Ps 148:8 etc.
3. fire for cooking, roasting, parching, etc. צְלִי אֵשׁ roasted at a fire Exod 12:8; Exod 12:9 (P) compare Lev 2:14; 2Chr 35:13; Isa 44:16; Isa 44:19 of tinder for lighting fire Gen 22:6; Gen 22:7 (E); of fire for melting (gold for the idolatrous calf) Exod 32:24 for refining Jer 6:29, where read with Qr מֵאֵשׁ תַּם עֹפֶרֶת; compare Mal 3:2 (simile of purifying work of messenger of cov't).
4. especially of altar-fire Lev 1:7 (twice in verse); Lev 6:2; Lev 6:3; Lev 6:5; Lev 6:6 +; in offering incense Lev 10:1, also אֵשׁ זָרָה strange fire, i.e. an incense not commanded, offered presumptuously Lev 10:1; Num 3:4; Num 26:61 fire from ׳י consuming sacrifice (compare 2) Lev 9:24; 2Chr 7:1; 2Chr 7:3 of fire in child-sacrifice (usually הֶעֱבִיר בֵּן בָּאֵשׁ (לְׅ) 2Kgs 16:3; 2Kgs 21:6 compare 2Kgs 17:17; 2Kgs 23:10; 2Chr 33:6 also ׳שׂרף בָּא 2Kgs 17:31, ׳בער בָּא 2Chr 28:3.
5. figurative of Yahweh's anger Ps 89:47 (simile) compare Nah 1:6; Lam 2:4 אֵשׁעֶֿבְרָתִי Ezek 21:36; Ezek 22:31; Ezek 38:19, אֵשׁקִֿנְאָתִי Ezek 36:5 see also Isa 66:15; Ps 79:5; Ps 89:47 etc.; of word of ׳י Jer 23:29 figurative of outbursting emotion Ps 39:4 of flagrant wickedness Isa 9:17, etc:
6. in various combinations, לַפִּיד אֵשׁ Gen 15:17 (J) a torch of fire (compare Di); לַבַּתאֵֿשׁ Exod 3:2 flame of fire, לַהַב אֵשׁ Joel 2:5, לַפִּידֵי אֵשׁ (in simile) Dan 10:6 compare Zech 12:6, לַהֲבוֺת אֵשׁ Ps 29:7 לַהֲבֵי אֵשׁ Isa 66:15 compare לְהָבוֺת ׳א Ps 105:32, לָהָבָה ׳נֹגַהּ א Isa 4:5 compare Hos 7:6 שְׁבִיב אִשּׁוֺ spark of his fire Job 18:5 compare כִּידוֺדֵי אֵשׁ Job 41:11 תַּנּוּר אֵשׁ Ps 21:10 oven of fire, כִּיּוֺר אֵשׁ Zech 12:6 אוֺר אֵשׁ light of fire Ps 78:14 אֵשׁ לֹהֵט flaming fire Ps 104:4 לְשׁוֺן אֵשׁ Isa 5:24 tongue of fire, גַּחֲלֵי אֵשׁ Ezek 1:13 coals of fire, so Ezek 10:2, compare רִשְׁפֵּי אֵשׁ Song 8:6 on אַבְנֵי אֵשׁ Ezek 28:14; Ezek 28:16 see אֶבֶן; אֵשׁ דַּת Deut 33:2, literally fire of a law, or fire was a law, but דָּת law is Persian & late; read perhaps דֹת[לַפִּ] אֵשׁ compare Exod 20:18 or דֶת [יֹקֶ] אֵשׁ compare Isa 65:5.

BDB9352 H784 H785

BDB9351 | BIBLICAL ARAMAIC | BDB9353

אֶשָּׁא noun [feminine] fire (Biblical Hebrew אֵשׁ; K§ 55, 5. 2 b thinks emphatic from onomatopoetic √ אשׁשׁ; D161 Buhl √ אשׁא compare ᵑ7 אישָּׁא, אִישָּׁהָא, Syriac ; — Dan 7:11.

אֻשֹּׁהִי, אֻשַּׁיָּא see [אשׁ]. above

fire, flaming, hot, burning, fiery
ʾēš
fire (literally or figuratively)
  • fire
    • fire, flames
      • "supernatural fire (accompanying theophany)"fire (for cooking, roasting, parching)"altar-fire"God's anger (figuratively)

The cantillation accents are the Masoretes' punctuation: each group below ends at a pausing accent. Translate a group as one unit.
מִנֹּ֖גַהּ Tipeha — a lesser break נֶגְדּ֑וֹ Etnahta — the verse's main pause — take a breath here בָּֽעֲר֖וּ Tipeha — a lesser break גַּֽחֲלֵי אֵֽשׁ Silluq — end of the verse

מִנֹּגַהּ נֶגְדּוֹ בָּֽעֲרוּ גַּֽחֲלֵי-אֵֽשׁ׃
13
Through the brightness before him were coals of fire kindled.
Cross References

2 Samuel 22:9

עָלָה עָשָׁן בְּאַפּוֹ וְאֵשׁ מִפִּיו תֹּאכֵל גֶּֽחָלִים בָּֽעֲרוּ מִמֶּֽנּוּ׃
9
There went up a smoke out of his nostrils, and fire out of his mouth devoured: coals were kindled by it.
2 Samuel 22:12
Read 2 Samuel 22
2 Samuel 22:14