Daniel 2:35

Then was the iron, the clay, the brass, the silver, and the gold, broken to pieces together, and became like the chaff of the summer threshingfloors; and the wind carried away, them that no place was found for them: and the stone that smote the image became a great mountain, and filled the whole earth.
Select a Hebrew word above to see its details.

בֵּ אדַ֣יִן
בֵּ
Prefix — preposition in, at, by, with
אדַ֣יִן
Adverb then, time, now
Dictionary form: אֱדַיִן · eh-da-YIN

Adverb

In the KJV here: then
then ×53 and then ×1 hither then ×1 now ×1 that time ×1
More options
then — Broadest temporal connector; fits most narrative contexts.
at that point — Emphasizes a precise moment in a sequence of events.
after that — Highlights sequence; useful when succession needs clarity.
at that time — Slightly more formal; good for historical or legal prose.
thereupon — Signals immediate consequence; slightly elevated register.
now — Use when the narrative shifts focus rather than marks sequence.

BDB9270 H116

BDB9269 | BIBLICAL ARAMAIC | BDB9271

אֱדַ֫יִן57 adverb then, thereupon (so Egyptian Aramaic S-CPap. H 1, J 1), not ᵑ7: the usually Aramaic forms are הֵידֵין , Mandean האידין (M 207); from [אֱדַי] = Biblical Hebrew אֲזַי (see אָז) + determ. affix n (as in דִּכֵּן, תַּמָּן; in Sabean = post-positive article; HomChr. § 57: compare WCG 115), GGA 1884, 1020: אֲזַי, [אֱדַי], probably from same demonstrative √ as זֶה, דָּא, דִּי, etc., , , lo well then, in that case, Ethiopic : when? : now (DiLex. 197, 1072), Syriac (enclitic) but); — then, thereupon, Dan 2:15; Dan 2:17; Dan 2:19; Dan 2:25; Dan 2:48; Dan 3:24 +, Ezra 4:9; Ezra 4:23; Ezra 5:4; Ezra 5:9 + (always, except Ezra 5:5, at beginning of sentence, introducing new stage of narrative with some emphasis); so with בְּ, בֵּאדַיִן (3 t. Ezra, 26 t. Daniel) Dan 2:14; Dan 2:35; Dan 2:46; Dan 3:3; Dan 3:13; Dan 3:19; Dan 3:21 (twice in verse); Dan 3:26, etc., Ezra 4:24; Ezra 5:2; Ezra 6:1 מִןאֱֿדַיִן from that time Ezra 5:16.

then, time, now
ʾĕdayin
then (of time)
  • then, afterwards, thereupon, from that time

דָּ֣קוּ
דָּ֣קוּ
Root word pieces, brake
Dictionary form: דְּקַק · deh-KAHK

Verb — Peal, Perfect (Qatal), third person masculine plural simple action (Aramaic) — like Hebrew Qal completed action — try "he ___ed" or "he has ___ed" the built-in subject is "they"

In the KJV here: broken to pieces
and brake in pieces ×1 and brake pieces ×1 and break it in pieces ×1 and that it brake in pieces ×1 brake in pieces ×1 breaketh in pieces ×1 broken to pieces ×1 but it shall break in pieces ×1
More options
crush — Broad, versatile; suits violent, forceful destruction.
shatter — Emphasizes sudden, complete breaking apart.
grind to powder — Highlights pulverization into fine fragments.
smash — Vivid, colloquial; good for narrative action scenes.
pulverize — Technical register; stresses thorough reduction to pieces.
break apart — Neutral, literal; useful when context needs plain language.

BDB9455 H1751 H1855 H1854

BDB9454 | BIBLICAL ARAMAIC | BDB9456

[דְּקַק] verb be shattered, fall to pieces (Biblical Hebrew); —

Pe`al Perfect 3 masculine plural דָּקוּ Dan 2:35. Haph`el break in pieces: Perfect 3 feminine singular הַדֶּ֫קֶת Dan 2:34; Dan 2:45, 3 masculine pluralהַדִּ֑קוּ Dan 6:25 (all followed by accusative); Imperfect 3 feminine singular תַּדִּק Dan 2:40 (absolute), vDan 2:44 (accusative); suffix תַּדֱּקִנַּהּ Dan 7:23 Participle active מְהַדֵּק Dan 2:40 (accusative), feminine מַדֱּקָה (K§ 46, 3 b)) absolute Dan 7:7; Dan 7:19.


דָּר see דוּר.

pieces, brake
dĕqaq
to crumble or (transitive) crush
  • to break into pieces, fall into pieces, be shattered
    • (P'al) to be shattered
    • "(Aphel) to break into pieces

כַ חֲדָ֡ה
כַ
Prefix — preposition like, as
חֲדָ֡ה
Root word first, one, together
Dictionary form: חַד · hahd

Adjective — Cardinal Number, feminine singular, absolute state a number (one, two, three, …)

In the KJV here: together
a ×3 in the first ×3 one ×2 and a ×1 for one ×1 itself on one ×1 together ×1 was first ×1
More options
one — Most versatile; use for cardinal number contexts.
single — Emphasizes unity or singularity of an item.
first — Ordinal sense; prefer for sequence or ranking contexts.
together — Collective sense; use when unity of group is stressed.
a — Indefinite article sense; natural in narrative prose.
alone — Highlights isolation or uniqueness of the referent.

BDB9603 H1768 H1836 H2298

BDB9602 | BIBLICAL ARAMAIC | BDB9604

כ

כְּ particle like, as, about (Biblical Hebrew כְּ, q. v.); — like, as Dan 2:40 תַּקִּיפָא כְּפַרְוְלָא, Dan 4:5; Dan 4:32; Dan 5:1 +; according to Dan 4:32 וּכְּ מִצְבְּיֵהּ עָכֵד and according to his will he doeth, Ezra 6:9; Ezra 6:18 +; about (as Biblical Hebrew 1 a: compare Zinjirli Lzb444 [ן] כשלשן מלכ), Dan 4:16 כְּשָׁעָה חֲדָה, Dan 6:1 with infinitive (Biblical Hebrew 3 b), Dan 6:21 וּכְ מִקְרְנֵהּ לִגֻבָּא and as he drew near, etc. Cpds.: — כְּ דִי and כִּדְנָה, see דִּי and דָּאנה; כַּחֲדָה; together, see חַד (sub אחד).

first, one, together
ḥad
as card. one; as article single; as an ordinal, first; adverbially, at once
  • one (number)
    • one
    • "a (indefinite article)

פַּרְזְלָ א֩
פַּרְזְלָ
Root word iron
א֩
Prefix — article the
Dictionary form: פַּרְזֶל · pahr-DZEL

Noun — Common, masculine singular, determined state determined — includes "the" (Aramaic)

In the KJV here: was the iron
iron ×11 of iron ×3 the iron ×3 as iron ×1 was the iron ×1 were of iron ×1
More options
iron — Default rendering; fits nearly every context.
iron implement — Use when the referent is a tool or weapon.
iron shackles — Idiomatic for restraint or oppression contexts.
wrought iron — Emphasizes worked or forged metal in craft contexts.
iron-hard — Adjectival use when conveying unyielding strength.

BDB9818 H6523 H1270

BDB9817 | BIBLICAL ARAMAIC | BDB9819

פַּרְזֶל19 noun masculineDan 2:40 iron (ᵑ7 Syriac; see Biblical Hebrew בַּרְזֶל); — absolute Dan 2:33 (זֶ֑ל-), Dan 4:12 +; emphatic פַּרְזְלָא Dan 2:34 +; — Dan 2:33; Dan 2:34 + 11 t. 2; Dan 4:12; Dan 4:20; Dan 5:4; Dan 5:23; Dan 7:7; Dan 7:19.

iron
parzel
iron
  • iron

חַסְפָּ ֨א
חַסְפָּ
Root word clay
֨א
Prefix — article the
Dictionary form: חֲסַף · huh-SAHP

Noun — Common, masculine singular, determined state determined — includes "the" (Aramaic)

In the KJV here: the clay
clay ×5 the clay ×2 and clay ×1 of clay ×1
More options
clay — Most natural modern rendering; broadly understood.
earthenware — Emphasizes fired or brittle ceramic material.
pottery — Good when context involves crafted clay vessels.
fired clay — Highlights the hardened, kiln-processed quality.
ceramic — Modern technical register; suits scholarly contexts.

BDB9538 H2635 H2636

BDB9537 | BIBLICAL ARAMAIC | BDB9539

חֲסַף noun [masculine] clay, potsherd (ᵑ7 id.; Christian-Palestinian Aramaic clay vessel, plural potsherds Schulth68, Syriac potsherd; ᵑ7 חצְבָא, Late Hebrew חָצָב clay vessel; Assyrian —aƒbu, id., jar (PS1238), whence Arabic pottery Frä169, but Sabean חסף jar, acc to HomZMG Homxivi (1892), 532; compare Ethiopic jar (transposed; Di1265); see Biblical Hebrew [חַסְפַּם]); — ׳ח absolute Dan 2:41 (יְ פֶּחָר ׳ח), חֲסַ֑ף vDan 2:33. vDan 2:42 construct טִינָא ׳ח vDan 2:41. vDan 2:43 emphatic חַסְפָּא vDan 2:34. vDan 2:35. vDan 2:43.v: 45.

clay
ḥăsap
a clod
  • clay, potsherd

נְחָשָׁ ֜א
נְחָשָׁ
Root word brass
֜א
Prefix — article the
Dictionary form: נְחָשׁ · neh-HOHSH

Noun — Common, masculine singular, determined state determined — includes "the" (Aramaic)

In the KJV here: the brass
of brass ×3 and brass ×2 brass ×2 the brass ×2
More options
bronze — Most accurate modern term for ancient copper-tin alloy.
copper — Prefer when context suggests unalloyed or raw metal.
brass — Modernized KJV standard; familiar but technically imprecise.
metal — Use when alloy composition is uncertain or unimportant.

BDB9703 H5174 H5154 H5178

BDB9702 | BIBLICAL ARAMAIC | BDB9704

נְחָשׁ noun masculine copper, bronze (ᵑ7 Syriac; Biblical Hebrew נְחשֶׁת, נְחוּשָׁה, √ III. נחשׁ); — as material: absolute ׳נ Dan 2:32; Dan 4:12; Dan 4:20; Dan 7:19 emphatic נְחָשָׁא Dan 2:35; Dan 2:39; Dan 2:45; Dan 5:4; Dan 5:23.

brass
nĕḥoš
copper
  • copper, bronze

כַּסְפָּ ֣א
כַּסְפָּ
Root word silver, money
֣א
Prefix — article the
Dictionary form: כְּסַף · keh-SAHP

Noun — Common, masculine singular, determined state determined — includes "the" (Aramaic)

In the KJV here: the silver
the silver ×4 and silver ×3 of silver ×2 and of silver ×1 money ×1 of the silver ×1 silver ×1
More options
silver — Best for literal metal or ornamental contexts.
money — Best when silver functions as currency or payment.
coin — Use when individual monetary units are implied.
price — Suits commercial transactions or purchase contexts.
funds — Good for abstract financial resources or treasury use.

BDB9619 H3702

BDB9618 | BIBLICAL ARAMAIC | BDB9620

כְּסַף noun masculineEzra 7:17 silver (see Biblical Hebrew); — absolute ׳כ Ezra 7:15 +, כְּסַ֑ף Dan 2:32 emphatic כַּסְפָּא vDan 2:35 +; —

2. as money or its equivalent Ezra 7:17, vEzra 7:15 vEzra 7:16 vEzra 7:18 vEzra 7:22.


כְּעַן, כְּעֶ֫נֶת, כְּעֶת see below ענה.

silver, money
kĕsap
silver money
  • silver
    • as metal
    • "as money

וְ דַהֲבָ ֗א
וְ
Prefix — connector and (sometimes: but, so, then)
דַהֲבָ
Root word gold, golden
֗א
Prefix — article the
Dictionary form: דְּהַב · deh-HAHB

Noun — Common, masculine singular, determined state determined — includes "the" (Aramaic)

In the KJV here: and the gold
the golden ×8 gold ×7 and gold ×3 and the gold ×3 let the golden ×1 of gold ×1
More options
gold — Standard noun; works in nearly all contexts.
golden — Adjectival use; prefer when modifying a noun.
pure gold — Emphasizes quality or preciousness of the metal.
fine gold — Suggests refined, high-grade gold; slightly literary.
gold object — Use when referencing a specific gold artifact.

BDB9429 H1722 H2091

BDB9428 | BIBLICAL ARAMAIC | BDB9430

דָּהָב23 noun masculineDan 2:32 gold (so ᵑ7 Syriac; Biblical Hebrew זָהָב); — absolute ׳ד Dan 2:32 +, דְּהַ֑ב Ezra 7:15 emphatic דַּהֲבָה Ezra 5:14; Ezra 6:5; Ezra 7:18, בָא- Dan 2:35 + 15 t. Daniel.

gold, golden
dĕhab
gold
  • gold

וַ הֲווֹ֙
וַ
Prefix — connector and (sometimes: but, so, then)
הֲווֹ֙
Root word be, beheld, was, saw, would, …
Dictionary form: הָוָא · haw-WAW

Verb — Peal, Perfect (Qatal), third person masculine plural simple action (Aramaic) — like Hebrew Qal completed action — try "he ___ed" or "he has ___ed" the built-in subject is "they"

In the KJV here: and became
i beheld ×6 shall be ×6 be ×5 was ×5 he would ×4 i saw ×4 be it ×2 shall come to pass ×2
More options
be — Default copula; broadest fit for most contexts.
become — Prefer when a change of state is in view.
exist — Emphasizes ongoing or absolute being.
happen — Best for impersonal 'come to pass' constructions.
occur — Slightly more formal alternative to 'happen'.
take place — Idiomatic for events unfolding in narrative.

BDB9470 H1934 H1961

BDB9469 | BIBLICAL ARAMAIC | BDB9471

הֲוָא, הֲוָּה71 verb come to pass, become, be (Biblical Hebrew הָיָה); —

Pe`al Perfect 3 masculine singular הֲוָה Dan 4:26 +, הֲוָא Dan 5:19 +; 2 masculine singular הֲוַיְתָ Dan 2:31; Dan 2:34, 1 singular הֲוֵית Dan 4:1 +; 3 masculine plural הֲווֺ Dan 2:35 +; Imperfect 3 masculine singular לֶהֱוֵא (K§ 47, l) b) Dr§ 204 Obs. M 215 ff.; in Jewish-Aramaic as jussive D§ 61, lc) Dan 2:20 +; 3 feminine singular תֶּהֱוֵה Dan 4:24 +, אֵ֯ Ezra 6:8 +, 3 masculine plural לֶהֱוֺן Ezra 6:10 + 6 t., 3 feminine plural לֶהֶוְיָן Dan 5:17 Imperative masculine plural הֱווֺ Ezra 4:22, הֲזוֺ Ezra 6:6
1. come to pass Dan 2:28; Dan 2:29 (twice in verse); Dan 2:45.
2. come into being, arise Ezra 7:23 become, come to be, with predicate noun Dan 4:24; Dan 5:29 and ( = represent) Dan 7:23 with כְּ like Dan 2:35 a, with ל predicate vDan 2:35 b, with adjective predicate Ezra 6:6, with adverb phrase Ezra 5:5; Dan 4:22 often periphrastic, with participle: ׳יְדִיעַ לה let become known Dan 3:18; Ezra 4:12; Ezra 4:13; Ezra 5:8 let it be given Ezra 6:8; Ezra 6:9, also Ezra 7:26; Dan 2:20.
3. be, as copula, with adjective predication Dan 2:40; Dan 2:42; Dan 7:19 so very often in periphrastic conjugation with participle, צָבֵא ׳ה wish Dan 5:19 (4 t. in verse), ׳חָזֵה ה behold Dan 2:31; Dan 2:34; Dan 7:2; Dan 7:4; Dan 7:6 +, etc.

be, beheld, was, saw, would, …
hāwāʾ
to exist; used in a great variety of applications (especially in connection with other words)
  • to come to pass, become, be
    • (P'al)
      • to come to pass
      • "to come into being, arise, become, come to be
        • to let become known (with participle of knowing)
        to be

כְּ ע֣וּר
כְּ
Prefix — preposition like, as
ע֣וּר
Root word chaff
Dictionary form: עוּר · oor

Noun — Common, masculine singular, absolute state

In the KJV here: like the chaff
like the chaff ×1
More options
chaff — Most direct modern equivalent; universally understood.
husks — Emphasizes the dry, discarded outer shell.
straw — Prefer when bulk or scattered debris is in view.
winnowings — Highlights the separation/threshing process context.

BDB9757 H5784

BDB9756 | BIBLICAL ARAMAIC | BDB9758

עוּר noun [masculine] chaff (J Aramaic (Talmud, rare), Syriac ; Arabic , mote (in eye, tending to cause blindness [עִוֵּר]) according to Arabic Lexicons, Lane2195); — absolute ׳ע Dan 2:35 (in simile).


[עֵז], עִזִּין see ענז

chaff
ʿûr
chaff (as the naked husk)
  • chaff

מִן
מִן
Preposition of, from, part, because, after, …
Dictionary form: מִן · min

Preposition

In the KJV here: of
from ×23 of ×19 out of ×8 from me ×3 of thee ×3 thee from ×3 and i ×2 and part ×2
More options
from — Core spatial/temporal origin; broadest default choice.
out of — Emphasizes emergence or separation from a source.
of — Partitive or genitive relationship; less directional than 'from'.
because of — Prefer when מִן expresses cause or reason.
than — Use in comparative constructions.
since — Temporal use; marks a starting point in time.

BDB9670 H4481 H4480

BDB9669 | BIBLICAL ARAMAIC | BDB9671

מִן preposition from, out of, by, by reason of, at, more than (Biblical Hebrew and general Aramaic id.); — rarely assimilated, as in Hebrew, see Dan 6:5 מִצַּד, Ezra 5:11; Ezra 6:14 suffix מִנִּי, מִנָּךְ 3 masculine מִנֵּהּ, feminine מִנַּהּ Dan 2:42; Dan 7:24 3 masculine plural מִנְּהוֺן (so Palmyrene Tariff ii. a 34; Nabataean, Egyptian Aramaic מנהם, CookeNo. 89. 6, S-CPap. A 10) Dan 2:33 (twice in verse); Dan 2:41 (twice in verse); Dan 2:42 (twice in verse) Kt (Qr each time feminine מִנְּהֵן), Dan 6:3 (twice in verse); —

1. of place:
  a. from, Dan 4:10; Dan 4:11; Dan 4:28; Dan 7:4 +, מִן תַּמָּה Ezra 6:6 figurative on the side or part of (compare Biblical Hebrew 1 c) Dan 6:5 מִצַּד מַלְכוּתָא.
  b. out of, Dan 3:15; Dan 3:26; Dan 5:2; Dan 7:3, etc.
  c. (coming) from Dan 2:35, away from, Dan 2:45; Dan 4:11; Dan 4:22; Dan 4:28; Jer 10:11.
  d. to ask or exact of a person, Dan 2:16; Dan 2:49 +; Ezra 7:26 to deliver from Dan 6:21.
2. a. of the source (Biblical Hebrew 2 b), as to be fed from Dan 4:9 or author (ib. d), מִנִּי שִׂים טְעֵם = by me is a decree made, Dan 3:29; Dan 4:3 (Dan 6:27 מִןקֳֿדָמַי), Ezra 4:19 +, compare Ezra 5:17 מִנַּי = on my part Dan 2:5; Dan 2:8 (see אַזְדָּא).
  b. of the immediate cause, as a result of, by, Dan 4:22 (= ב v.Dan 4:12 v.Dan 4:20), v.Dan 4:30; Dan 5:21: so with a verb of fearing Dan 5:19.
  c. of the remoter cause, by reason of (Biblical Hebrew 2 f ), Dan 5:19 מִןרְֿבוּתָא, Dan 7:11 so מִןדִּֿי, see דִּי
3. d. of the norm (compare Biblical Hebrew 2 g) = at, according to, Ezra 6:14 ׳מִןטַֿעַם אֱלָהּ יִשׂ at the decree of, etc., Ezra 7:23; Dan 2:8 מִןיַֿצִּיב according to certainty, vDan 2:47 מִןקְֿשֹׁט.
3. partitively (Biblical Hebrew 3), Dan 6:3 חַד מִנְּהוֺן, Dan 7:8; Dan 7:16; Dan 2:25; Dan 5:13 (some) of Dan 2:41 מִןנִֿצְבְּתָא; מִנְּהוֺן מִ֗֗֗נְּהוֺן some . . . others of them Dan 2:33; Dan 2:41; Dan 2:42a; so vDan 2:42b מִ֗֗֗נַּהּ.
4. of time, from, Dan 2:20 (מִן ֗֗֗ וְעַד), Ezra 4:15; Ezra 4:19 see also אְדַיִן and דַּי
4.
5. in comparisons, different from Dan 7:3; Dan 7:7; Dan 7:19; Dan 7:23; Dan 7:24, beyond, more than Dan 2:30; Dan 2:39; Dan 6:30; Dan 7:20 end; Dan 4:13 לִבְבֵהּ מִןאֲֿנָשָׁא יְשַׁנּוֺן let his heart be changed away from man's (Biblical Hebrew 7 b b; Isa 52:14).
6. compounds: — see לְוָת, קֳדָס, [קַדְמָה], תְּחוֺת.


מְנֵא see מנה. below

of, from, part, because, after, …
min
properly, a part of; hence (prepositionally), from or out of
  • from, out of, by, by reason of, at, more than
    • from, out of (of place)
    • "from, by, as a result of, by reason of, at, according to, (of source)"from (of time)"beyond, more than (in comparisons)

אִדְּרֵי
אִדְּרֵי
Root word threshingfloors
Dictionary form: אִדַּר · id-DAHR

Noun — Common, masculine plural, construct state plural — usually add "-s"; "___ of …" — bound to the next word

In the KJV here: threshingfloors
threshingfloors ×1
More options
threshing floor — Standard modern rendering; most widely recognized.
granary floor — Emphasizes grain-storage function over process.
winnowing floor — Highlights the wind-separation step of threshing.
harvest floor — Broader agricultural context; accessible to general readers.

BDB9272 H147

BDB9271 | BIBLICAL ARAMAIC | BDB9273

[אִדַּר K§ 59 c)] noun masculine threshing-floor (ᵑ7 id., Syr; , compare Christian-Palestinian Aramaic SchulthLex.3; hence Arabic as loan-word Frä136; conjectures on etymology LagGes. Abh. 10 HoffmLCB 1882, 320 JenZA vii (1892). 216); — plural construct אִדְּרֵיקַֿיִט Dan 2:35.

threshingfloors
ʾiddar
ample, i.e., a threshing-floor
  • threshing floor

קַ֔יִט
קַ֔יִט
Root word summer
Dictionary form: קַיִט · ka-YIT

Noun — Common, masculine singular, absolute state

In the KJV here: the summer
the summer ×1
More options
summer — Most natural, universally understood seasonal term.
summer season — Adds clarity when contrasting with other seasons.
harvest time — Reflects agricultural nuance; ripe-fruit period in context.
hot season — Emphasizes climate over calendar; useful in arid settings.

BDB9862 H7007 H7019

BDB9861 | BIBLICAL ARAMAIC | BDB9863

קַ֫יִט noun [masculine] summer (ᵑ7 Syriac; see Biblical Hebrew II. קיץ); — absolute ׳ק Dan 2:35.


קְיָם, קְיָּם see קוּם. above

summer
qayiṭ
harvest
  • summer

וּ נְשָׂ֤א
וּ
Prefix — connector and (sometimes: but, so, then)
נְשָׂ֤א
Root word carried, insurrection, take
Dictionary form: נְשָׂא · neh-SAW

Verb — Peal, Perfect (Qatal), third person masculine singular simple action (Aramaic) — like Hebrew Qal completed action — try "he ___ed" or "he has ___ed" the built-in subject is "he (or it)"

In the KJV here: carried away
carried away ×1 hath made insurrection ×1 unto him take ×1
More options
carry — Broad, literal sense; best for physical transport contexts.
take away — Emphasizes removal; good for deportation or seizure.
lift — Captures the root sense of raising or bearing up.
revolt — Preferred when the sense is political rebellion or uprising.
bear — Slightly formal; suits burdens, responsibility, or abstract loads.
rise up against — Vivid idiom for insurrection or defiance contexts.

BDB9721 H5375 H5376

BDB9720 | BIBLICAL ARAMAIC | BDB9722

נְשָׂא verb lift, take, carry (compare Biblical Hebrew; rare in Aramaic; see נְסִי, נְסָא ChWB, NHWB); —

Pe`al Perfect 3 masculine singular ׳נ Dan 2:35 carry away (of wind, with accusative of thing); Imperative masculine singular שֵׂא Ezra 5:15 take (accusative vessels). Hithpa. make a rising, an insurrection: Participle feminine singular מִתְנַשְּׂאָה Ezra 4:19, עַל person


נְשֵׁיהוֺן see [נָשִׁין] below II. אנשׁ.

carried, insurrection, take
nĕśāʾ
to carry away
  • to lift, bear, take, carry
    • (P'al) to take
    • "(Ithpael) to make a rising, make an insurrection

Breakdown unavailable for this word. Dictionary form: הִמּוֹ · him-MOH

Noun — masculine plural plural — usually add "-s"

In the KJV here: them
them ×5 and made them ×1 are ×1 cause them ×1 them to ×1 those ×1
More options
them — Default pronoun for third-person plural objects.
they — Use when functioning as a subject pronoun.
those — Demonstrative use; pointing to a previously mentioned group.
these — Demonstrative; prefer when referents are near or just introduced.
are — Copular use; Aramaic equative clause with no overt verb.

BDB9475 H1994 H1992

BDB9474 | BIBLICAL ARAMAIC | BDB9476

הִמּוֺ9 (Ezra), הִמּוֺן3 (Daniel), pronoun 3 plural they, them (= Biblical Hebrew הֵם, הֵמָּה, q. v., but the more original forms. Egyptian Aramaic המו CIS145 B 4 (Cooke207),149 A 1, S-CPap. C 7, 10 +; not ᵑ7 Syriac, which use אִנּוּן , , instead; Arabic , . The n in הִמּוֺן, as in דֵּין, אִלֵּין, by the side of זֶה, אֵלֶּה, ; M 86 WCG 106); — they, them:
  a. as nominative Ezra 5:11 אֲבַחְנָא הִמּוֺ עַבְדוֺהִי we are his servants (construction as in Syriac, § 312 D Matt 5:13, K§ 87. 3).
  b. as accusative (in Biblical Aramaic, as in Syriac, there being no verbal suffix of 3 plural; so Egyptian Aramaic Cooke76 B 4, S-CPap. E 5 +), En 2:34 והדקת הִמּוֺ and crushed them, v35; 3:22; Ezra 4:10; Ezra 4:23; Ezra 5:5; Ezra 5:12; Ezra 5:14 (twice in verse); Ezra 5:15; Ezra 7:17. — compare אִנּוּן.

them, those, are
himmô
they
  • they, them
    • they (subject)
    • "them (object)

רוּחָ ֔א
רוּחָ
Root word spirit, wind, winds, mind
֔א
Prefix — article the
Dictionary form: רוּחַ · ROO-ah

Noun — Common, feminine singular, determined state determined — includes "the" (Aramaic)

In the KJV here: and the wind
the spirit ×3 is the spirit ×2 spirit ×2 and his mind ×1 and the wind ×1 in my spirit ×1 winds ×1
More options
spirit — Modernized KJV form; best for divine or human inner life.
wind — Use for literal atmospheric movement or breath.
breath — Captures life-force nuance; overlaps with נְשָׁמָה contexts.
mind — Suits inner disposition or attitude passages.
vitality — Emphasizes life-energy; good for weakening or reviving scenes.
presence — For divine רוּחַ where 'spirit' feels too abstract.

BDB9893 H7308

BDB9892 | BIBLICAL ARAMAIC | BDB9894

רוּחַ noun feminineDan 5:12 wind, spirit; — ׳ר absolute Dan 5:12; Dan 6:4, construct Dan 4:5 +, emphatic רוּחָא Dan 2:35 suffix רוּחִי Dan 7:15, הֵּ֯ Dan 5:20 plural construct רוּחֵי Dan 7:2

1. wind Dan 2:35; Dan 7:2.
2. spirit:
  a. of man, Dan 5:20; Dan 7:15 as faculty of knowledge, יַתִּירא ׳ר Dan 5:12; Dan 6:4.
  b. אֱלָהִין קַדִּישִׁין ׳ר Dan 4:5; Dan 4:6; Dan 4:15; Dan 5:11, ׳א ׳ר vDan 5:14.

spirit, wind, winds, mind
rûaḥ
mind, spirit
  • spirit, wind
    • wind
    • "spirit
      • of man
      • "seat of the mind

וְ כָל
וְ
Prefix — connector and (sometimes: but, so, then)
כָל
Root word all, any, as, whole, every, …
Dictionary form: כֹּל · kole

Noun — Common, masculine singular, construct state "___ of …" — bound to the next word

In the KJV here: that
all ×24 and all ×9 any ×5 the whole ×5 every ×3 forasmuch as ×3 in all ×3 as ×2
More options
all — Most universal choice; suits totality of groups or things.
every — Prefer when emphasizing each individual item separately.
whole — Best for a single unified entity taken in its entirety.
any — Use in negative or conditional contexts for indefinite scope.
everything — More emphatic than 'all'; good for abstract totality.
since / because — Use when כֹּל functions as a causal conjunction.

BDB9612 H3605 H3606 H6903

BDB9611 | BIBLICAL ARAMAIC | BDB9613

כֹּל, כָּלֿ: noun masculine the whole, all (Biblical Hebrew כֹּל); — emphatic כֹּלָּא Dan 2:40 +, construct כֹּל Dan 2:12; Dan 3:2 +, כָּלֿ Dan 2:8 +, suffix 3 masculine plural כָּלְּהוֺן (so Palmyrene Lzb296 CookeNo. 117, Tariff ii.c.19 ii b. 18) Dan 2:38; Dan 7:19 (Qr feminine כָּכְּהֵּן); —

1. כֹּל חַכִּימֵי בָבֶכ the whole of ( = all) the wise men of B. Dan 3:2; Dan 3:3; Dan 3:5, etc.; Dan 6:2 כלמֿלכותא the whole ofthe kingdom, v.Dan 6:4 with suffix the whole of them, Dan 2:38; Dan 7:19.
2. with a singular noun, understood collectively, every, any, or with a negative none (Biblical Hebrew 1 b):Dan 3:29 דִּי כָלעַֿם אֻמָּה וְלִשָּׁן that every people, nation, and language, etc., Dan 6:8 מִןכָּֿלאֱֿלָה of any god, Ezra 6:12 כָּלמֶֿלֶח וְעַם; כל אנשׁ די every man who = whoever, Dan 3:10; Dan 5:7; Dan 6:13; Ezra 6:11; Dan 2:10 שׁאל כל מלך ֗֗֗ לא no king hath asked . . ., vDan 2:35; Dan 4:6; Dan 6:5; Dan 6:24 so כָּלדִּֿי (= Hebrew כָּלאְִֿשֶׁר) whoever Dan 6:8; Ezra 7:26, whatever vEzra 7:23, בְּכָלדִּֿי wherever Dan 2:38(compare אְִשֶׁר 4 b γ).
3. emphatic כֹּלָּא, used absolutely, as Hebrew הַכֹּל (Biblical Hebrew 2 b): Dan 2:40 חָשֵׁל כֹּלָּא crushing all things, Dan 4:9; Dan 4:18 וּמָזוֺן לְכֹלָּאבֵֿהּ and food for all was in it, v.Dan 4:25 כֹּלָּא מְטָא all came upon N. (compare חַכֹּל בָּא Josh 21:43), Ezra 5:7 שְׁלָמָא כֹלָּא all peace (K§ 83 d;) compare in Hebrew כֻּלּוּ etc., after their noun : Biblical Hebrew 1 d a). — For כָּלקְָֿבֵל see קְָבֵל.

all, any, as, whole, every, …
kōl
properly, the whole; hence, all, any or every (in the singular only, but often in a plural sense)
  • all, whole, the whole
    • the whole of, all
    • "every, any, none

אֲתַ֖ר
אֲתַ֖ר
Root word place, after
Dictionary form: אֲתַר · uh-TAHR

Noun — Common, masculine singular, absolute state

In the KJV here: place
after ×2 his place ×2 and after ×1 every one to his place ×1 place ×1 the place ×1
More options
place — General, neutral term for a location or site.
location — Slightly more formal; good for specific or defined spots.
site — Prefer when referring to a named or designated area.
spot — Informal register; suits narrative or conversational contexts.
after — Use when אֲתַר functions as a preposition of sequence or pursuit.
following — Softer temporal/sequential alternative to 'after'.

BDB9289 H311 H310 H870

BDB9288 | BIBLICAL ARAMAIC | BDB9290

[אחר] plural with אַחֲרֵי, preposition after (Cappadocian and Egyptian Aramaic אחר afterwards (LzbEph.i. 361 S-Cpap C 8), probably Nabataean אחר after (Lzb212 SAC16); Egyptian Aramaic אחריכם (S-CPap. c 8+); ᵑ7 (sometimes) אֲחוֺרֵי; Biblical Hebrew אַחַר); — אַחֲרֵי דְנָה after this Dan 2:29; Dan 2:45 with suffix אַחֲרֵיהֹן Dan 7:24. Usu. Aramaic synonym בָּאתַר, q. v.


BDB9357 H870

BDB9356 | BIBLICAL ARAMAIC | BDB9358

אֲתַר noun masculine place (so Egyptian Aramaic, Nabataean, Palmyrene; ᵑ9; Syriac place; Zinjirli אשר Lzb229 f.; Arabic footstep; compare Hebrew אֲשׁוּר and below אֲשֶׁר); — place
  a. Dan 2:35 וְכָלאֲֿחַר לָאהִֿשְׁתְּכַח לְהוֺן, Ezra 5:15 וּבֵית אֱלָהָא יִתְבְנֵא עַלאַֿתְרֵהּ, Ezra 6:3; Ezra 6:5; Ezra 6:7. Hence
  b. בָּאתַר (Dan 7:6 Baer בָּתַר) after (literally in the track of: so Zinjirli באשר (Cooke160 f., 170), Palmyrene, ᵑ9 בָּתַר, Syriac ), בָּאתַר דְּנָה after this, Dan 7:6; Dan 7:7, suffix Dan 2:39 וּבָֽתָרָךְ and after thee.


אַתַּ֫רוּ see נתר.

place, after
ʾătar
a place; (adverb) after
  • track, place

לָא
לָא
Particle not
Dictionary form: לָא · law

Particle — Negative

In the KJV here: no
not ×18 nor ×8 no ×6 shall not ×4 without ×4 is not ×3 neither ×3 are not ×2
More options
not — Standard negation; fits most contexts naturally.
no — Use before nouns or as a standalone negative reply.
nor — Connects two negative clauses or items.
never — Emphasizes total absence across time or circumstance.
nothing — Use when negating an implied object or quantity.
without — Preferable when negating accompaniment or condition.

BDB9632 H3808 H3809

BDB9631 | BIBLICAL ARAMAIC | BDB9633

לָא (לָה Dan 4:32) adverb not (Biblical Hebrew לא; Aramaic of Têma, Egyptian, etc., לא; Nerab ל (Lzb301 CookG1. 67); ᵑ7 לָא; Syriac ); — not Jer 10:11; Dan 2:5; Dan 2:9; Dan 2:10, etc.; before a participle (so rarely in Biblical Hebrew, 1 b c), Dan 2:27; Dan 2:43; Dan 3:16; Dan 4:4; Dan 4:6; Dan 4:15 +, so v.Dan 4:32 וְכָלדָּֿאְרֵי אַרְעָא כְּלָה חֲשׁיבִין; are as men not accounted of (so Bev Behrm Marti, compare Isa 53:8 ᵑ7 בסירין ולא חשׁיבין; > most 'accounted as nothing,' for which no analogy, yet compare Ps 39:6 ᵑ7); followed by אִיתַי, see אִיתַי. With infinitive and לְ Dan 6:9 דִּי לָא לִהַשְׁנָיָה which it is not to alter = which is not to be altered (compare v.Dan 6:16), Ezra 6:8 (K§ 67, 1 Dr§ 202, 2.; compare Isa 35:6 ᵑ7, DAramaic Dialektproben, p. 1). With interr. הֲלָא Dan 3:24; Dan 4:27; Dan 6:13.


BDB9640 H3809 H3861 H518 H2006 H3808 H3588

BDB9639 | BIBLICAL ARAMAIC | BDB9641

II. לָהֵן conjunction except, but (from לָא and הֵן 'not if' (compare Hebrew אם לא Gen 24:38); so Nabataean and Egyptian Aramaic להן Cooke217, 219, 241 S-CPap. C 6, 7 +; lâinnî, however SocArab. Dial. see Marokko 44, Anm. 103; ᵑ7 אִילָּהֵין Gen 32:28; Gen 43:3 and elsewhere); —

1. after a negative (= Biblical Hebrew כִּי אִם, q. v.):
  a. except Dan 2:11; Dan 3:28; Dan 6:6; Dan 6:8.
  b. but (German sondern) Dan 2:30.
2. without a negative: however, but Ezra 5:12.

not, no, nor, without, none, …
lāʾ
no, not
  • no, not, nothing

הִשְׁתֲּכַ֣ח
הִשְׁתֲּכַ֣ח
Root word found, find
Dictionary form: שְׁכַח · sheh-KA

Verb — Hithpeel, Perfect (Qatal), third person masculine singular passive / reflexive of the simple stem (Aramaic) completed action — try "he ___ed" or "he has ___ed" the built-in subject is "he (or it)"

In the KJV here: was found
was found ×4 find ×2 and art found ×1 and found ×1 and there was found ×1 found ×1 hath been made and it is found ×1 is found in thee ×1
More options
find — Most broadly useful; fits active discovery contexts.
discover — Emphasizes uncovering something previously unknown or hidden.
locate — Neutral, practical; suits searches with a specific target.
uncover — Highlights bringing something hidden to light.
come across — Informal; implies accidental or unexpected finding.
turn up — Colloquial; good for passive constructions — 'was turned up'.

BDB9950 H7912

BDB9949 | BIBLICAL ARAMAIC | BDB9951

[שְׁכַח] verb Haph`el (K§ 40, 4 GGA 1884, 1019) find (ᵑ7 שְׁכַח find, Syriac , Christian-Palestinian Aramaic SchulthLex. 205; Egyptian Aramaic השכח S-CE 5, pass. אשתכךְ RŠS361A 2): — Perfect 1 singular הַשְׁכַּ֫חַת Dan 2:25 3 masculine plural הַשְׁכַּ֫חוּ Ezra 4:19; Dan 6:12 Imperfect 2 masculine singular תְּהַשְׁכַּת Ezra 4:15; Ezra 7:16 Infinitive לְהַשְׁכָּחָה Dan 6:5 (twice in verse); — find, accusative of thing, Dan 6:5 (ל person), v.Dan 6:5 v.Dan 6:6 (ל person), v.Dan 6:6 (עַל person, accusative of thing omitted), Ezra 7:16 (ב location); followed by clause דִּי Ezra 4:15 (ב location), vEzra 4:19 accusative of person Dan 2:25 ל person Dan 6:12 ( + participle action.). Hithpe`el Perfect 3 masculine singular הִשְׁתְּכַח Dan 2:35 +, 2 masculine singular כַ֫חַתְּ- Dan 5:27, 3 feminine singular כַ֫חַת- Dan 5:11 +; be found, subject thing, ב location, Ezra 6:2 ב person Dan 5:11; Dan 5:12; Dan 5:14; Dan 6:24 עַל person v.Dan 6:5 ל person + קֳדָם person v.Dan 6:23 ל of thing Dan 2:35 (see אֲתַר); subject person Dan 5:27 + חַסִּר thou hast been found wanting (K§ 85, 3).


שַׁכְלְלֵהּ etc., see כלל.

found, find
šĕkaḥ
to discover (literally or figuratively)
  • to find
    • (Aphel) to find
    • "(Ithp'al) to be found

לְ ה֑וֹן
לְ
Preposition fathers, father, chief, families, patrimony, …
ה֑וֹן
Suffix — pronoun their / them
Dictionary form: אָב · awb

Preposition

his father ×133 of their fathers ×94 his fathers ×86 my father ×80 thy father ×51 of the fathers ×44 the father ×41 their fathers ×30
More options
father — Default choice; direct, natural, widely understood.
ancestor — Prefer when referring to distant forebears or lineage.
forefather — Slightly more formal; good for ancestral or covenantal contexts.
patriarch — Use for tribal or clan heads with religious authority.
family head — Highlights household-leader role in social/legal contexts.
founder — Suits contexts emphasizing originating or establishing a line.

BDB17 H1

BDB16 | BIBLICAL HEBREW | BDB18

אָב1191 noun masculine father (Phoenician אב, Assyrian abu, Arabic , Sabean אב CISiv, 1, 37 1. 2 and others, Ethiopic Aramaic אַבָּא, — absolute אָב Gen 44:19 + 47 t.; construct אַב Gen 17:4; Gen 17:5 (compare in אַבְרָהָם ib. & elsewhere in proper names. On Hal's proposed אֲבִר see אברהם); אֲבִי (compare Ge§§ 90, 3b, 96) Gen 4:20 +; suffix אָבִי Gen 19:34 + (MI אבי); אָבִיךָ Gen 12:1 +; אָבִיו Gen 2:24 +; אָבִ֫יהוּ Judg 14:10 + 6t.; plural אָבוֺת Exod 12:3 +; construct אֲבוֺת Exod 6:25 + 7 t.; suffix אֲבוֺתַי (אֲבֹתַי, אֲבוֺתָ֑י) Gen 47:9 + 15 t.; אֲבוֺתֵיהֶם 1Chr 4:38 + 32 t. (late); אֲבוֺתָם Exod 4:5 + 106 t. etc.; —

1. father of individual Gen 2:24 (+ אֵם) Gen 11:28; Gen 11:29 (twice in verse); Gen 19:31; Gen 19:32; Gen 19:33, + often (mostly J E D); of father as commanding Gen 50:16 (J) Jer 35:6 f Prov 6:20 (compare Gen 18:19 J Gen 28:1; Gen 28:6 P 1Sam 17:20; 1Kgs 2:1); instructing מוסר Prov 1:8; Prov 4:1 (compare Deut 8:5); specifically as begetter, genitor Prov 23:22; Zech 13:3 (twice in verse) (+ אֵם) Isa 45:10 compare Gen 49:4 (J) Lev 18:7; Lev 18:8; Lev 18:11 (P); rebuking Gen 37:10 loving Gen 37:4; Gen 44:20 (J E; compare Gen 22:2; Gen 25:28; Gen 37:3; 2Sam 14:1); pitying Ps 103:13 (in simile compare 2Sam 18:5); blessing Gen 27:41 (J E compare Gen 27:4 also Gen 28:1 P +); as glad Prov 10:1; Prov 15:20 compare Prov 29:3 grieving Gen 37:35 (J E; compare 2Sam 12:22; 2Sam 19:1; 2Sam 19:2 f) etc. Also as object of honour, obedience, love Exod 20:12 (E) = Deut 5:16; Exod 21:15; Exod 21:17 (E) Deut 21:18; Deut 21:19; Gen 28:7 (P) 1Kgs 19:20 (all + אֵם), 1Kgs 50:1; 1Kgs 50:5 (J) Mal 1:6 etc. Hence metaphor of intimate connection Job 17:14 to corruption I cry, My father art thou (|| אִמִּי וַאֲחֹתִי לָֽרִמָּה).
2. of God as father of his people (see RSSem 42), who constituted, controls, guides and lovingly watches over it: Deut 32:6; Jer 3:4; Jer 3:19; Jer 31:9; Isa 63:16 (twice in verse); Isa 64:7; Mal 1:6; Mal 2:10 (compare Exod 4:22; Exod 19:4 (JE) Deut 32:11; Hos 11:1); compare Jer 2:27 (of idolatrous Israel) אֹמְרִים לָעֵץ אָבִי אַתָּה וְלָאֶבֶן אַתְּ ילדתני׃; especially God as father of Davidic line 2Sam 7:14; Ps 89:27 f. of needy (late) Ps 68:6 (compare Ps 103:13) (in proper name, f. of individual, compare below)
3. head of household, family or clan; בֵּית אָבִי as abode Gen 38:11 (twice in verse); Lev 22:13 +; = family Gen 24:40 (|| מִשְׁפַּחְתִּי) Gen 41:51; Gen 46:31 + compare Num 18:1; Num 18:2; Josh 2:12; Josh 2:18; Josh 6:25 especially techn. of divisions of Israel בֵּית אָב לְמִשְׁפָּחוֺת Num 3:30; Num 3:35 = a father's house, i.e. a family or clan; more often plural (אבותם, אבותיו) בֵית אָבוֺת = father's houses = families, clans (compare Di on Exod 6:14) Exod 6:14; Exod 12:3; Num 1:2; Num 1:18 ff (often in Numbers) Josh 14:1; Josh 19:51; Josh 21:1 (twice in verse); Josh 22:14 (twice in verse) (always P in Hexateuch); also 1Chr 5:13; 1Chr 5:15 + often in Chronicles; compare רָאשֵׁי אבות הלוים (= ׳בית א ׳ר) Exod 6:25 compare 1Kgs 8:1; 1Chr 6:4; 1Chr 7:11 + often Chronicles Ezra Nehemiah.
4. ancestor (a) of individual; grandfather (instead of precise term) Gen 28:13; Gen 32:10 (J; where used by Jacob of Abraham & then of Isaac); greatgrandfather 1Kgs 15:13 great-greatgrandfather 1Kgs 15:11 etc.; oft plural (= fathers, forefathers) Gen 15:15; Gen 46:34 (JE) 1Kgs 19:4; 1Kgs 21:3; 1Kgs 21:4; 2Kgs 19:12; 2Kgs 20:17 +; particularly שׁכב עם אבותיו 1Kgs 1:21; 1Kgs 2:10; 1Kgs 11:21; 1Kgs 22:40 +; joined with ׳ויקבר עם אב 1Kgs 14:31; 1Kgs 15:24; 1Kgs 22:51; 2Kgs 8:24; 2Kgs 15:38 compare v2Kgs 15:7, 2Kgs 16:20 + (all of kings of Judah); intensive, אֲבֹתֶיךָ וַאֲבוֺת אֲבֹתֶיךָ Exod 10:6 compare Dan 11:24 (b) of people Gen 10:21 (J) Gen 17:4; Gen 17:5 (P) Gen 19:37; Gen 19:38 (J) Gen 36:9; Gen 36:43 (P) Deut 26:5; Isa 51:2; Isa 43:27 (where אביך הראשׁון thy first father, see Che) compare also Ezek 16:3; Ezek 16:45 + often; plural Exod 3:13; Exod 3:15; Exod 3:16 (E) Deut 1:8; Josh 1:6; Judg 2:1; 1Sam 12:6 +; 1Sam 12:15 near the end read וּבְמַלְכְּכֶם ᵐ5 We Dr.
5. originator or patron of a class, profession, or art Gen 4:20; Gen 4:21.
6. figurative of producer, generator Job 38:28 הֲיֵשׁ לַמָּטָר אָ֑ב (|| הוֺלִיד אֶגְלֵיטָֽֿל׃ מִיֿ).
7. figurative of benevolence & protection Job 29:6 אָב אָֽנֹכִי לָֽאֶבְיוֺנִים, compare Job 31:18 of Eliakim Isa 22:21 perhaps also of gracious Messianic king אֲבִי עַד Isa 9:5 everlasting father (Ge Ew De Che Brd Di) — others divider of spoil (Abarb Hi Kn Kue BrMP).
8. term of respect & honour (Abbas, Pater, Papa, Pope); applied to master 2Kgs 5:13 priest Judg 17:10; Judg 18:19 prophet 2Kgs 2:12 (twice in verse); 2Kgs 6:21; 2Kgs 13:14 (twice in verse); compare 2Kgs 8:9 counsellor Gen 45:8 (E; compare δευτέρου πατρός ᵐ5 add. Esth 3:13 τῷ πατρί 1 Mac Esth 11:32); king 1Sam 24:12 artificer 2Chr 2:12; 2Chr 4:16.
9. specifically, ruler, chief (late) 1Chr 2:24; 1Chr 2:42 (twice in verse); etc. (compare Ew§ 273 b) see also EwGeschichte. i. 524. H i. 365. On the force of אָב in proper names (in many probably a divine title), see CheEncy. Bib., ABI, NAMES WITHib., NAMES, §§ 44, 45.

fathers, father, chief, families, patrimony, …
ʾāb
father, in a literal and immediate, or figurative and remote application
  • father of an individual
  • "of God as father of his people"head or founder of a household, group, family, or clan"ancestor
    • grandfather, forefathers (of a person)
    • "of people
    originator or patron of a class, profession, or art"of producer, generator (figuratively)"of benevolence and protection (figuratively)"term of respect and honor"ruler or chief (specifically)

וְ אַבְנָ ֣א
וְ
Prefix — connector and (sometimes: but, so, then)
אַבְנָ
Root word stone, stones
֣א
Prefix — article the
Dictionary form: אֶבֶן · eh-BEN

Noun — Common, feminine singular, determined state determined — includes "the" (Aramaic)

In the KJV here: for them and the stone
stones ×2 a stone ×1 and of stone ×1 and stone ×1 for them and the stone ×1 stone ×1 the stone ×1
More options
stone — General default; works for most contexts.
rock — Prefer for large, immovable or natural formations.
boulder — Use for notably large, heavy stones.
pebble — Use for small, loose stones or gravel contexts.
gemstone — Suitable when precious or decorative stones are meant.
tablet — Use specifically for inscribed or written stone slabs.

BDB9268 H68 H69

BDB9267 | BIBLICAL ARAMAIC | BDB9269

אֶ֫בֶן noun feminineDan 2:34 stone (Biblical Hebrew id.); — absolute׳א Dan 2:34 +; emphatic אַבְנָא vDan 2:35

1. a (the) stone Dan 2:34; Dan 2:35; Dan 2:45; Dan 6:18.
2. stone, material of idols Dan 5:4; Dan 5:23 of buildings Ezra 5:8; Ezra 6:4.

stone, stones
ʾeben
a stone
  • stone
    • a (the) stone
    • "stone, material of idols and buildings

דִּֽי
דִּֽי
Particle who, which, that
Dictionary form: דִּי · dee

Particle — Relative

In the KJV here: that
that ×88 of ×60 which ×52 whom ×9 whose ×7 for ×6 and whereas ×4 and whom ×3
More options
that — Most versatile; use as general relative or complementizer.
which — Prefer for non-personal antecedents.
who — Use when antecedent is a person.
whose — Marks genitive/possessive relationship with antecedent.
of — Use for construct-like genitive links between nouns.
because — Use when דִּי introduces a causal clause.

BDB9440 H1768 H2088 H834

BDB9439 | BIBLICAL ARAMAIC | BDB9441

דִּי particle of relation, who, which, that, used also as mark of genitive and conjunction that, because (Aramaic of Nineveh, Babylonian, Zinjirli, Nerab, Cilicia, Têma, Egypt, ןי (Lzb267. 446 RES361 S-CPap. A 2 +); Nabataean, Palmyrene די; ᵑ7 דְּ (except in compounds, as דִּילִי mine, דִּילֵיהּ his); Samaritan ; Syriac ; Ethiopic za: of same origin as Arabic possessor of [compare below Biblical Hebrew זֶה]. Properly a demonstrative that [compare זֶה; in Ethiopic ze is 'this', za 'which']; but this being referred by usage to something preceding becomes equivalent to the relative who, which, used, however, more widely than Hebrew אֲשֶׁר); —

1. as rel. who, which (construed like אֲשֶׁר): a. Jer 10:11; Dan 2:11 דִּי מְדָֽרְהוֺן whose dwelling, vDan 2:24 דִּי מַנִּי מַלְבָּא whom the king had appointed, vDan 2:26 ׳דִּי שְׁמֵהּ בּ whose name was B., Dan 4:5; Dan 5:12; Dan 5:23, etc.; = that which Dan 2:23 = him that Ezra 7:25; Ezra 6:15; Dan 7:17 דִּת אִנוּן אַרְבַּע which are four (see אִנּוּן). Following pronoun of 2 person (compare אֲשֶׁר 3), Dan 2:37 thou, O king ..., דִּי ֗֗֗ יְהַב לָח to whom... hath given, Dan 4:19; Dan 4:6 as to whom I know, etc. (compare אֲשֶׁר 4 d end). Sq. תַּמָּה = where Ezra 6:1, so דִּי alone Ezra 6:3; Dan 2:38 of time, בְּעִדָּנָא דִּי at the time when, etc., Dan 3:5; Dan 3:15. With the predicate an infinitive with לְ, Dan 6:9 כְּתָבָא דִּי לָא לְהַשְׁנָיָה which is not to be changed, Ezra 6:8 a place- or other determination, Dan 3:20 valiant men בְחֵילֵהּ that were in his army, Dan 5:2 הֵיכְלָא דִּי בִירוּשְׁלֵב, Dan 7:20; Ezra 4:24; Ezra 5:6; Ezra 6:2; Ezra 6:6 compare Dan 2:25; Dan 5:13; Dan 7:7; Ezra 7:23. דִּי לָא = without, Ezra 6:9; Ezra 7:22 (so דְּלָא ᵑ7 Gen 15:2; Exod 21:11); compare Dan 2:34; Dan 2:45.
  b. מָן דִּי, מָה דִּי (compare in late Hebrew ׳מַהשֶּֿׁ, מַה 1 e b) whoever, whatever, so Dan 3:6; Dan 3:11 יִפֵּל ָ(מןדִּֿילָֿא whoever does not fall down, Dan 4:14 לְמָן דִּי יִצְבֵּא to whomsoever he willeth, v.Dan 4:22 v.Dan 4:29; Dan 5:21 מָה דִי whatever (or simply what), Dan 2:28 מָה דִּי לֶהֱוֵא what will be, vDan 2:29 vDan 2:29 vDan 2:45; Ezra 6:8; Ezra 7:18. — compare K§ 103.
2. as mark of the genitive, Dan 2:15 שׁליטא די מלכא properly the captain, that of the king = the king's captain (a genuine Aramaic idiom: so ᵑ7 דְּ, Syriac constantly), vDan 2:19 vDan 2:25 vDan 2:49 + often: the substantive in such cases may be either in the emphatic state (determined), as ll. cc. Ezra 4:15; Ezra 5:2, etc., or in the absolute state (undetermined), Dan 5:5; Dan 7:4; Dan 7:9; Dan 7:10 נְהַר דִּי נוּר; or it may have a pleonastic suffix, Dan 2:20 שְׁמֵהּ דִּי אֱלָהָא literally his name, that of God = God's name, vDan 2:44; Dan 3:8; Dan 3:25; Dan 3:26; Dan 4:23, etc. (so also ᵑ7 Syriac). To circumscribe an adjective, especially in specification of the material: Dan 2:38 thou art רֵאשָׁה דִּי דַהֲבָא the head of gold, vDan 2:39; Dan 3:1; Dan 5:7; Dan 5:16; Ezra 5:14; Ezra 6:4 +; as predicate Dan 2:32 רֵאשֵׁהּ דִּידְֿהַב טָב his head (was) of fine gold, vDan 2:33; Dan 7:19 with a pronoun Dan 2:20 wisdom and might דִּילֵֿהּ הִיא are his; compare Dan 6:27 וּמַלְכוּתֵהּ דִּילָֿא תִתְחַבַּל his kingdom (is one) which shall not be destroyed, Dan 7:14. — See further K§ 81.
3. as conjunction (compare אֲשֶׁר 8):
  a. that (quod), after verbs of knowing, Dan 2:8; Dan 2:9, seeing Dan 2:45; Dan 3:27, hearing Dan 5:14, etc.; introducing the subject of a sentence, יְדִיעַ ֗֗֗ דִּי ֗֗֗ Dan 3:18; Ezra 4:13; Dan 2:47 מִןקְֿשֹׁט דִּי ֗֗֗ True is it that . . . (compare אָמְנָם כִּי Job 12:2).
  b. = in that, inasmuch as, whereas: Dan 2:41 and whereas (דִּי) thou sawest, etc. . . . it shall be adivided kingdom, vDan 2:43; Dan 4:20; Dan 4:23 as a connecting link$ = seeing that, because, for (compare אֲשֶׁר 8 c) Dan 2:9; Dan 2:20b; Dan 2:23b; Dan 2:47b; Dan 4:15; Dan 6:24b.
  c. that (ut), after verbs of asking Dan 2:16, commanding Dan 3:10; Dan 3:29, expressing a purpose Dan 4:3; Dan 5:15; Ezra 4:15; Ezra 6:10 +; דִּי לָא that not (ne) Dan 2:18; Dan 3:28; Dan 6:18 (on דִּי לְמָה lest Ezra 7:23, see מה).
  d. prefixed to direct narr. (like כִּי 1 b, and sometimes אֲשֶׁר 8 a γ, and ὅτι recitativum), Dan 2:25 and said thus unto him דִּיהַֿשְׁכַּחַת (that) I have found, etc., Dan 5:7; Dan 6:6; Dan 6:14.
4. with prepositions and other prefixes:
  a. כְּ דִי (like Hebrew כַּאֲשֶׁר; so Egyptian Aramaic כזי, Palmyrene, Nabataean כדי, Lzb293 SACG1 62, 63 Cooke369 b RES:361; ᵑ7 כַּד, Syriac ); a according as, Dan 2:43 b. so soon as, when, Dan 3:7; Dan 5:20; Dan 6:11; Dan 6:15.
  b. מִןדִּֿי: a. because that, Dan 3:22; Ezra 5:12 (compare מֵאֲשֶׁר Isa 43:4); b. from (the time) that, after (ex quo), Dan 4:23; Ezra 4:23.
  c. עַד דִּי until, Dan 2:9; Dan 2:34; Dan 4:30; Dan 7:22 = ere that Dan 6:25.
  d. עַל דִּי Dan 3:19 is not a conjunction, but means above that which ...
  e. for עַל דִּבְרַת דִּי and כָּלקֳֿבֵל דִּי see [ דִּבְרָה] and קֳבֵל.


BDB9603 H1768 H1836 H2298

BDB9602 | BIBLICAL ARAMAIC | BDB9604

כ

כְּ particle like, as, about (Biblical Hebrew כְּ, q. v.); — like, as Dan 2:40 תַּקִּיפָא כְּפַרְוְלָא, Dan 4:5; Dan 4:32; Dan 5:1 +; according to Dan 4:32 וּכְּ מִצְבְּיֵהּ עָכֵד and according to his will he doeth, Ezra 6:9; Ezra 6:18 +; about (as Biblical Hebrew 1 a: compare Zinjirli Lzb444 [ן] כשלשן מלכ), Dan 4:16 כְּשָׁעָה חֲדָה, Dan 6:1 with infinitive (Biblical Hebrew 3 b), Dan 6:21 וּכְ מִקְרְנֵהּ לִגֻבָּא and as he drew near, etc. Cpds.: — כְּ דִי and כִּדְנָה, see דִּי and דָּאנה; כַּחֲדָה; together, see חַד (sub אחד).

that, of, which, whom, whose, …
that, used as relative conjunction, and especially (with a preposition) in adverbial phrases; also as preposition of
  • (rel part) who, which, that
  • "(mark of genitive) that of, which belongs to, that"(conj) that, because

מְחָ֣ת
מְחָ֣ת
Root word smote, stay, hanged
Dictionary form: מְחָא · meh-HAW

Verb — Peal, Perfect (Qatal), third person feminine singular simple action (Aramaic) — like Hebrew Qal completed action — try "he ___ed" or "he has ___ed" the built-in subject is "she (or it)"

In the KJV here: smote
let him be hanged ×1 smote ×1 stay ×1 which smote ×1
More options
strike — Most versatile; suits violent physical contact broadly.
execute by hanging — Prefer when context is judicial punishment.
clap — Use for clapping hands in celebration or mockery.
impale — Some scholars prefer for Aramaic imperial execution contexts.
pierce — Suits contexts implying a weapon thrust or stabbing.
halt — Captures the 'stay/stop' sense; use for restraining action.

BDB9654 H4223 H4229

BDB9653 | BIBLICAL ARAMAIC | BDB9655

[מְחָא] verb smite (see Biblical Hebrew II. מָחָה); —

Pe`al Perfect 3 feminine singular מְחַת, ל of thing, Dan 2:34; Dan 2:35 (+ עַל). Pa`el Imperfect 3 masculine singular ימַחֵא בִידֵהּ Dan 4:32, i.e. hinder him (compare Eccl 8:4 ᵑ7; DAramaic Dialektproben. p. 5; Talmud: LevyNHWB under the word ). Hithpa. Imperfect 3 masculine singular יִתְמְחֵא Ezra 6:11 let him be smitten (nailed) עֲלֹ֑הִי.


[מַחְלְקָה] see חלק.

smote, stay, hanged
mĕḥāʾ
to strike in pieces; also to arrest; specifically to impale
  • to strike, smite, kill
    • (P'al) to strike
    • "(Pael) to hinder"(Ithp'al) to allow to be stricken

לְ צַלְמָ ֗א
לְ
Prefix — preposition to, for
צַלְמָ
Root word image, images, form
֗א
Prefix — article the
Dictionary form: צֶלֶם · tseh-LEM

Noun — Common, masculine singular, determined state determined — includes "the" (Aramaic)

In the KJV here: the image
image ×8 the image ×4 of the image ×2 an image ×1 and the form ×1 images ×1
More options
image — Most versatile; suits idols, statues, and divine likeness.
statue — Prefer for physical, three-dimensional objects of worship.
likeness — Emphasizes resemblance; good for the imago Dei contexts.
figure — Neutral term for a carved or cast representation.
form — Highlights shape or appearance rather than representational identity.
idol — Use when context stresses false worship; carries negative connotation.

BDB9843 H6754 H6755

BDB9842 | BIBLICAL ARAMAIC | BDB9844

צְלֵם17 noun masculineDan 2:31 image (see Biblical Hebrew צלם); — absolute ׳צ Dan 2:31; Dan 3:1 construct ׳צ Dan 3:19, צֶ֫לֶם vDan 3:5 +; emphatic צַלְמָא Dan 2:31 +; — image Dan 2:31 (twice in verse); Dan 2:32; Dan 2:34; Dan 2:35; Dan 3:1 + 10 t. 3; אַנֶפּוֺהִי ׳צ Dan 3:19 i.e. his expression.

image, images, form
ṣelem
an idolatrous figure
  • image, idol

הֲוָ֛ת
הֲוָ֛ת
Root word be, beheld, was, saw, would, …
Dictionary form: הָוָא · haw-WAW

Verb — Peal, Perfect (Qatal), third person feminine singular simple action (Aramaic) — like Hebrew Qal completed action — try "he ___ed" or "he has ___ed" the built-in subject is "she (or it)"

In the KJV here: became
i beheld ×6 shall be ×6 be ×5 was ×5 he would ×4 i saw ×4 be it ×2 shall come to pass ×2
More options
be — Default copula; broadest fit for most contexts.
become — Prefer when a change of state is in view.
exist — Emphasizes ongoing or absolute being.
happen — Best for impersonal 'come to pass' constructions.
occur — Slightly more formal alternative to 'happen'.
take place — Idiomatic for events unfolding in narrative.

BDB9470 H1934 H1961

BDB9469 | BIBLICAL ARAMAIC | BDB9471

הֲוָא, הֲוָּה71 verb come to pass, become, be (Biblical Hebrew הָיָה); —

Pe`al Perfect 3 masculine singular הֲוָה Dan 4:26 +, הֲוָא Dan 5:19 +; 2 masculine singular הֲוַיְתָ Dan 2:31; Dan 2:34, 1 singular הֲוֵית Dan 4:1 +; 3 masculine plural הֲווֺ Dan 2:35 +; Imperfect 3 masculine singular לֶהֱוֵא (K§ 47, l) b) Dr§ 204 Obs. M 215 ff.; in Jewish-Aramaic as jussive D§ 61, lc) Dan 2:20 +; 3 feminine singular תֶּהֱוֵה Dan 4:24 +, אֵ֯ Ezra 6:8 +, 3 masculine plural לֶהֱוֺן Ezra 6:10 + 6 t., 3 feminine plural לֶהֶוְיָן Dan 5:17 Imperative masculine plural הֱווֺ Ezra 4:22, הֲזוֺ Ezra 6:6
1. come to pass Dan 2:28; Dan 2:29 (twice in verse); Dan 2:45.
2. come into being, arise Ezra 7:23 become, come to be, with predicate noun Dan 4:24; Dan 5:29 and ( = represent) Dan 7:23 with כְּ like Dan 2:35 a, with ל predicate vDan 2:35 b, with adjective predicate Ezra 6:6, with adverb phrase Ezra 5:5; Dan 4:22 often periphrastic, with participle: ׳יְדִיעַ לה let become known Dan 3:18; Ezra 4:12; Ezra 4:13; Ezra 5:8 let it be given Ezra 6:8; Ezra 6:9, also Ezra 7:26; Dan 2:20.
3. be, as copula, with adjective predication Dan 2:40; Dan 2:42; Dan 7:19 so very often in periphrastic conjugation with participle, צָבֵא ׳ה wish Dan 5:19 (4 t. in verse), ׳חָזֵה ה behold Dan 2:31; Dan 2:34; Dan 7:2; Dan 7:4; Dan 7:6 +, etc.

be, beheld, was, saw, would, …
hāwāʾ
to exist; used in a great variety of applications (especially in connection with other words)
  • to come to pass, become, be
    • (P'al)
      • to come to pass
      • "to come into being, arise, become, come to be
        • to let become known (with participle of knowing)
        to be

לְ ט֥וּר
לְ
Prefix — preposition to, for
ט֥וּר
Root word mountain
Dictionary form: טוּר · toor

Noun — Common, masculine singular, absolute state

In the KJV here: mountain
mountain ×1 of the mountain ×1
More options
mountain — Most natural English equivalent; broadly preferred.
peak — Emphasizes the summit or pointed top.
highland — Useful when referring to elevated terrain generally.
massif — Technical/geographical register for a large mountain block.

BDB9556 H2906

BDB9555 | BIBLICAL ARAMAIC | BDB9557

טוּר noun masculine mountain (ᵑ7, Syriac, Nabataean, SAC58; Biblical Hebrew צוּר, √ V. צור); — absolute ׳ט Dan 2:35 emphatic טוּרָא vDan 2:45.

mountain
ṭûr
a rock or hill
  • mountain

רַ֖ב
רַ֖ב
Root word great, master, stout, captain, chief, …
Dictionary form: רַב · rahb

Adjective — masculine singular, absolute state

In the KJV here: a great
a great ×2 great ×2 master ×2 the great ×2 and chief ×1 lord ×1 of the great ×1 the captain ×1
More options
great — Most versatile; fits size, number, or importance.
chief — Prefer for titles or leadership roles.
commander — Ideal for military or official contexts.
lord — Use for high-status, authoritative figures.
mighty — Emphasizes power or strength over rank.
numerous — Best when referring to large quantities or multitudes.

BDB9880 H7229 H7260

BDB9879 | BIBLICAL ARAMAIC | BDB9881

רַב adjective great (ᵑ7 Syriac); — absolute Dan 2:31 +, construct vDan 2:14 +; emphatic masculine רַבָּא Ezra 4:10 +; feminine רַבְּתָא Dan 4:27 masculine plural redupl. רַבְרְבִין (K§ 59, 4) Dan 3:33, feminine plural בָן- Dan 2:48 +, emphatic ָ֯ תָא Dan 7:11; Dan 7:17
  l. great, literally, of image Dan 2:31, rock vDan 2:35, city Dan 4:27, sea Dan 7:2, beast vDan 7:3 vDan 7:17, teeth vDan 7:7, gifts Dan 2:48 great, imposing, feast Dan 5:1, signs Dan 3:33, words Dan 7:8; Dan 7:11; Dan 7:20 with מִן compare Dan 7:20.

2. figurative of power, influence, etc.: great king Dan 2:10; Ezra 4:10; Ezra 5:11 (compare Zinjirli מלכן רברבן Cooke183), God Ezra 5:8; Dan 2:45.
3. as noun = captain, chief: רַב טַבָּחַיָּא Dan 2:14, סִגְנִין ׳ר vDan 2:48, חַרְטֻמַּיָּא ׳ר Dan 4:6; Dan 5:11.

great, master, stout, captain, chief, …
rab
abundant
  • (adj) great
    • great
    • "great (figurative for power)
    (n) captain, chief

וּ מְלָת
וּ
Prefix — connector and (sometimes: but, so, then)
מְלָת
Root word filled, full
Dictionary form: מְלָא · meh-LAW

Verb — Peal, Perfect (Qatal), third person feminine singular simple action (Aramaic) — like Hebrew Qal completed action — try "he ___ed" or "he has ___ed" the built-in subject is "she (or it)"

In the KJV here: and filled
and filled ×1 full ×1
More options
fill — Most natural verb form; broad, everyday usage.
be full — Stative sense; emphasizes a resulting condition.
be filled — Passive nuance; something receives fullness from outside.
be packed — Vivid; implies dense or abundant content.
overflow — Use when fullness exceeds normal capacity.

BDB9658 H4390 H4391

BDB9657 | BIBLICAL ARAMAIC | BDB9659

[מְלָא] verb fill (see Biblical Hebrew); —

Pe`al Perfect 3 feminine singular מְלַאת Dan 2:35 (with accusative). Hithpe`el Perfect 3 masculine singular הִתְמְלִי חֱמָא Dan 3:19 was filled with rage.


[מַלְאַךְ] see לאך. מִלָּה see מלל. below,

filled, full
mĕlāʾ
to fill
  • to fill
    • (P'al) to fill
    • "(Ithp'al) to be filled

כָּל
כָּל
Root word all, any, as, whole, every, …
Dictionary form: כֹּל · kole

Noun — Common, masculine singular, construct state "___ of …" — bound to the next word

In the KJV here: the whole
all ×24 and all ×9 any ×5 the whole ×5 every ×3 forasmuch as ×3 in all ×3 as ×2
More options
all — Most universal choice; suits totality of groups or things.
every — Prefer when emphasizing each individual item separately.
whole — Best for a single unified entity taken in its entirety.
any — Use in negative or conditional contexts for indefinite scope.
everything — More emphatic than 'all'; good for abstract totality.
since / because — Use when כֹּל functions as a causal conjunction.

BDB9612 H3605 H3606 H6903

BDB9611 | BIBLICAL ARAMAIC | BDB9613

כֹּל, כָּלֿ: noun masculine the whole, all (Biblical Hebrew כֹּל); — emphatic כֹּלָּא Dan 2:40 +, construct כֹּל Dan 2:12; Dan 3:2 +, כָּלֿ Dan 2:8 +, suffix 3 masculine plural כָּלְּהוֺן (so Palmyrene Lzb296 CookeNo. 117, Tariff ii.c.19 ii b. 18) Dan 2:38; Dan 7:19 (Qr feminine כָּכְּהֵּן); —

1. כֹּל חַכִּימֵי בָבֶכ the whole of ( = all) the wise men of B. Dan 3:2; Dan 3:3; Dan 3:5, etc.; Dan 6:2 כלמֿלכותא the whole ofthe kingdom, v.Dan 6:4 with suffix the whole of them, Dan 2:38; Dan 7:19.
2. with a singular noun, understood collectively, every, any, or with a negative none (Biblical Hebrew 1 b):Dan 3:29 דִּי כָלעַֿם אֻמָּה וְלִשָּׁן that every people, nation, and language, etc., Dan 6:8 מִןכָּֿלאֱֿלָה of any god, Ezra 6:12 כָּלמֶֿלֶח וְעַם; כל אנשׁ די every man who = whoever, Dan 3:10; Dan 5:7; Dan 6:13; Ezra 6:11; Dan 2:10 שׁאל כל מלך ֗֗֗ לא no king hath asked . . ., vDan 2:35; Dan 4:6; Dan 6:5; Dan 6:24 so כָּלדִּֿי (= Hebrew כָּלאְִֿשֶׁר) whoever Dan 6:8; Ezra 7:26, whatever vEzra 7:23, בְּכָלדִּֿי wherever Dan 2:38(compare אְִשֶׁר 4 b γ).
3. emphatic כֹּלָּא, used absolutely, as Hebrew הַכֹּל (Biblical Hebrew 2 b): Dan 2:40 חָשֵׁל כֹּלָּא crushing all things, Dan 4:9; Dan 4:18 וּמָזוֺן לְכֹלָּאבֵֿהּ and food for all was in it, v.Dan 4:25 כֹּלָּא מְטָא all came upon N. (compare חַכֹּל בָּא Josh 21:43), Ezra 5:7 שְׁלָמָא כֹלָּא all peace (K§ 83 d;) compare in Hebrew כֻּלּוּ etc., after their noun : Biblical Hebrew 1 d a). — For כָּלקְָֿבֵל see קְָבֵל.

all, any, as, whole, every, …
kōl
properly, the whole; hence, all, any or every (in the singular only, but often in a plural sense)
  • all, whole, the whole
    • the whole of, all
    • "every, any, none

אַרְעָֽ א
אַרְעָֽ
Root word earth, inferior
א
Prefix — article the
Dictionary form: אֲרַע · uh-RA

Noun — Common, feminine singular, determined state determined — includes "the" (Aramaic)

In the KJV here: earth
the earth ×7 of the earth ×5 earth ×2 and earth ×1 and in earth ×1 from the earth ×1 in the earth ×1 inferior ×1
More options
earth — Most natural default; fits cosmological and physical contexts.
ground — Prefer when surface or soil is emphasized.
land — Good for territorial or regional nuance.
world — Use when scope is broad or universal.
lower — For the 'inferior/lesser' sense in comparisons.
earthly — Adjectival use; contrasts heavenly with mundane.

BDB9347 H772 H776

BDB9346 | BIBLICAL ARAMAIC | BDB9348

[אֲרַע]21 noun [feminine] earth (so ᵑ7 Syriac; = Biblical Hebrew אֶרֶץ, q. v.); — emphatic אַרְעָא Dan 2:35; Dan 2:39 + 16 t. Daniel; Ezra 5:11; Jer 10:11b; אַ֫רְעָא (D§§ 9, 5 a; 44, 1 n) = אֲרַע + ָ֯ of direction, earthward, i.e. downward, אַרְעָא מִנָּח Dan 2:39 Kt lower than thou, i.e. inferior to thee Qr אֲרַע (compare ᵑ7 אֲרַע מִן Ruth 4:4); — Jer 10:11a see [ אֲרַק].


BDB9349 H772 H778

BDB9348 | BIBLICAL ARAMAIC | BDB9350

[אֲרַק] noun [feminine] earth (= [אֲרַע]; ארקא Egyptian Aramaic S-CPap. B 15 + often (sometimes also ארעא, as ib.16), Nineveh and Babylonian Aramaic Cooke192, also Mandean M§ 66, Zinjirli, Lzb227 Cooke166 (compare 183); עק֑, as Zinjirli מוצאמ֑וקא, רצהר֑קי, Cooke166, 185; compare K§ 7, 2 and anm. i and references, Cooke185 ZMG xivii (1893), 100; M § 66 GunkSchöpf. 18 LzbEph. I. 223 SACJQ, 1903-4, 273); — emphatic אַרְקָא Jer 10:11a.

earth, inferior
ʾăraʿ
the earth; by implication (figuratively) low
  • earth, world, ground

The cantillation accents are the Masoretes' punctuation: each group below ends at a pausing accent. Translate a group as one unit.
בֵּאדַ֣יִן דָּ֣קוּ כַחֲדָ֡ה פַּרְזְלָא֩ חַסְפָּ֨א נְחָשָׁ֜א כַּסְפָּ֣א וְדַהֲבָ֗א Revia — a lesser break וַהֲווֹ֙ Pashta — a lesser break כְּע֣וּר מִן אִדְּרֵי קַ֔יִט Zaqef Qatan — a strong break וּנְשָׂ֤א הִמּוֹן֙ Pashta — a lesser break רוּחָ֔א Zaqef Qatan — a strong break וְכָל אֲתַ֖ר Tipeha — a lesser break לָא הִשְׁתֲּכַ֣ח לְה֑וֹן Etnahta — the verse's main pause — take a breath here וְאַבְנָ֣א דִּֽי מְחָ֣ת לְצַלְמָ֗א Revia — a lesser break הֲוָ֛ת Tevir — a lesser break לְט֥וּר רַ֖ב Tipeha — a lesser break וּמְלָ֥את כָּל אַרְעָֽא Silluq — end of the verse

בֵּאדַיִן דָּקוּ כַחֲדָה פַּרְזְלָא חַסְפָּא נְחָשָׁא כַּסְפָּא וְדַהֲבָא וַהֲווֹ כְּעוּר מִן-אִדְּרֵי-קַיִט וּנְשָׂא הִמּוֹן רוּחָא וְכָל-אֲתַר לָא-הִשְׁתֲּכַח לְהוֹן וְאַבְנָא׀ דִּֽי-מְחָת לְצַלְמָא הֲוָת לְטוּר רַב וּמְלָאת כָּל-אַרְעָֽא׃
35
Then was the iron, the clay, the brass, the silver, and the gold, broken to pieces together, and became like the chaff of the summer threshingfloors; and the wind carried away, them that no place was found for them: and the stone that smote the image became a great mountain, and filled the whole earth.
Cross References

Isaiah 2:2

וְהָיָה׀ בְּאַחֲרִית הַיָּמִים נָכוֹן יִֽהְיֶה הַר בֵּית-יְהוָה בְּרֹאשׁ הֶהָרִים וְנִשָּׂא מִגְּבָעוֹת וְנָהֲרוּ אֵלָיו כָּל-הַגּוֹיִֽם׃
2
And it shall come to pass in the last days, that the mountain of the LORD's house shall be established in the top of the mountains, and shall be exalted above the hills; and all nations shall flow unto it.

Psalms 37:10

וְעוֹד מְעַט וְאֵין רָשָׁע וְהִתְבּוֹנַנְתָּ עַל-מְקוֹמוֹ וְאֵינֶֽנּוּ׃
10
For yet a little while, and the wicked shall not be: yea, thou shalt diligently consider his place, and it shall not be.

Revelation 20:11

Καὶ εἶδον θρόνον λευκὸν μέγαν καὶ τὸν καθήμενον ἐπ' αὐτοῦ οὗ ἀπὸ προσώπου ἔφυγεν γῆ καὶ οὐρανός καὶ τόπος οὐχ εὑρέθη αὐτοῖς
11
And I saw a great white throne, and him that sat on it, from whose face the earth and the heaven fled away; and there was found no place for them.

Hosea 13:3

לָכֵן יִֽהְיוּ כַּעֲנַן-בֹּקֶר וְכַטַּל מַשְׁכִּים הֹלֵךְ כְּמֹץ יְסֹעֵר מִגֹּרֶן וּכְעָשָׁן מֵאֲרֻבָּֽה׃
3
Therefore they shall be as the morning cloud, and as the early dew that passeth away, as the chaff that is driven with the whirlwind out of the floor, and as the smoke out of the chimney.

Job 6:17

בְּעֵת יְזֹֽרְבוּ נִצְמָתוּ בְּחֻמּוֹ נִדְעֲכוּ מִמְּקוֹמָֽם׃
17
What time they wax warm, they vanish: when it is hot, they are consumed out of their place.

Isaiah 41:15

הִנֵּה שַׂמְתִּיךְ לְמוֹרַג חָרוּץ חָדָשׁ בַּעַל פִּֽיפִיּוֹת תָּדוּשׁ הָרִים וְתָדֹק וּגְבָעוֹת כַּמֹּץ תָּשִֽׂים׃
15
Behold, I will make thee a new sharp threshing instrument having teeth: thou shalt thresh the mountains, and beat them small, and shalt make the hills as chaff.

Isaiah 11:9

לֹֽא-יָרֵעוּ וְלֹֽא-יַשְׁחִיתוּ בְּכָל-הַר קָדְשִׁי כִּֽי-מָלְאָה הָאָרֶץ דֵּעָה אֶת-יְהוָה כַּמַּיִם לַיָּם מְכַסִּֽים׃
9
They shall not hurt nor destroy in all my holy mountain: for the earth shall be full of the knowledge of the LORD, as the waters cover the sea.

Psalms 80:9

פִּנִּיתָ לְפָנֶיהָ וַתַּשְׁרֵשׁ שָׁרָשֶׁיהָ וַתְּמַלֵּא-אָֽרֶץ׃
9
Thou preparedst room before it, and didst cause it to take deep root, and it filled the land.

Zechariah 14:8

וְהָיָה׀ בַּיּוֹם הַהוּא יֵצְאוּ מַֽיִם-חַיִּים מִירוּשָׁלִַם חֶצְיָם אֶל-הַיָּם הַקַּדְמוֹנִי וְחֶצְיָם אֶל-הַיָּם הָאַחֲרוֹן בַּקַּיִץ וּבָחֹרֶף יִֽהְיֶֽה׃
8
And it shall be in that day, that living waters shall go out from Jerusalem; half of them toward the former sea, and half of them toward the hinder sea: in summer and in winter shall it be.

Psalms 1:4

לֹא-כֵן הָרְשָׁעִים כִּי אִם-כַּמֹּץ אֲֽשֶׁר-תִּדְּפֶנּוּ רֽוּחַ׃
4
The ungodly are not so: but are like the chaff which the wind driveth away.

Psalms 103:16

כִּי רוּחַ עָֽבְרָה-בּוֹ וְאֵינֶנּוּ וְלֹא-יַכִּירֶנּוּ עוֹד מְקוֹמֽוֹ׃
16
For the wind passeth over it, and it is gone; and the place thereof shall know it no more.

Micah 4:1

וְהָיָה׀ בְּאַחֲרִית הַיָּמִים יִהְיֶה הַר בֵּית-יְהוָה נָכוֹן בְּרֹאשׁ הֶהָרִים וְנִשָּׂא הוּא מִגְּבָעוֹת וְנָהֲרוּ עָלָיו עַמִּֽים׃
1
But in the last days it shall come to pass, that the mountain of the house of the LORD shall be established in the top of the mountains, and it shall be exalted above the hills; and people shall flow unto it.

Micah 4:13

קוּמִי וָדוֹשִׁי בַת-צִיּוֹן כִּֽי-קַרְנֵךְ אָשִׂים בַּרְזֶל וּפַרְסֹתַיִךְ אָשִׂים נְחוּשָׁה וַהֲדִקּוֹת עַמִּים רַבִּים וְהַחֲרַמְתִּי לַֽיהוָה בִּצְעָם וְחֵילָם לַאֲדוֹן כָּל-הָאָֽרֶץ׃
13
Arise and thresh, O daughter of Zion: for I will make thine horn iron, and I will make thy hoofs brass: and thou shalt beat in pieces many people: and I will consecrate their gain unto the LORD, and their substance unto the Lord of the whole earth.

Psalms 37:36

וַיַּֽעֲבֹר וְהִנֵּה אֵינֶנּוּ וָֽאֲבַקְשֵׁהוּ וְלֹא נִמְצָֽא׃
36
Yet he passed away, and, lo, he was not: yea, I sought him, but he could not be found.

Psalms 66:4

כָּל-הָאָרֶץ׀ יִשְׁתַּחֲווּ לְךָ וִֽיזַמְּרוּ-לָךְ יְזַמְּרוּ שִׁמְךָ סֶֽלָה׃
4
All the earth shall worship thee, and shall sing unto thee; they shall sing to thy name. Selah.

Revelation 12:8

καὶ οὐκ ἴσχυσαν οὐτὲ τόπος εὑρέθη αὐτῶν ἔτι ἐν τῷ οὐρανῷ
8
And prevailed not; neither was their place found any more in heaven.

Psalms 46:9

מַשְׁבִּית מִלְחָמוֹת עַד-קְצֵה הָאָרֶץ קֶשֶׁת יְשַׁבֵּר וְקִצֵּץ חֲנִית עֲגָלוֹת יִשְׂרֹף בָּאֵֽשׁ׃
9
He maketh wars to cease unto the end of the earth; he breaketh the bow, and cutteth sunder; the spear in he burneth the chariot in the fire.

Psalms 22:27

יִזְכְּרוּ׀ וְיָשֻׁבוּ אֶל-יְהוָה כָּל-אַפְסֵי-אָרֶץ וְיִֽשְׁתַּחֲווּ לְפָנֶיךָ כָּֽל-מִשְׁפְּחוֹת גּוֹיִֽם׃
27
All the ends of the world shall remember and turn unto the LORD: and all the kindreds of the nations shall worship before thee.

Psalms 72:16

יְהִי פִסַּת-בַּר׀ בָּאָרֶץ בְּרֹאשׁ הָרִים יִרְעַשׁ כַּלְּבָנוֹן פִּרְיוֹ וְיָצִיצוּ מֵעִיר כְּעֵשֶׂב הָאָֽרֶץ׃
16
There shall be an handful of corn in the earth upon the top of the mountains; the fruit thereof shall shake like Lebanon: and they of the city shall flourish like grass of the earth.

Revelation 11:15

Καὶ ἕβδομος ἄγγελος ἐσάλπισεν· καὶ ἐγένοντο φωναὶ μεγάλαι ἐν τῷ οὐρανῷ λέγουσαι ἐγένοντο αἱ βασιλεῖαι τοῦ κόσμου τοῦ κυρίου ἡμῶν καὶ τοῦ Χριστοῦ αὐτοῦ καὶ βασιλεύσει εἰς τοὺς αἰῶνας τῶν αἰώνων
15
And the seventh angel sounded; and there were great voices in heaven, saying, The kingdoms of this world are become the kingdoms of our Lord, and of his Christ; and he shall reign for ever and ever.