Daniel 5:10

מַלְכְּתָ֕א לָקֳבֵ֨ל מִלֵּ֤י מַלְכָּא֙ וְרַבְרְבָנ֔וֹהִי לְבֵ֥ית מִשְׁתְּיָ֖א עַלַּ֑לת עֲנָ֨ת מַלְכְּתָ֜א וַאֲמֶ֗רֶת מַלְכָּא֙ לְעָלְמִ֣ין חֱיִ֔י אַֽל יְבַהֲלוּךְ֙ רַעְיוֹנָ֔ךְ וְזִיוָ֖יךְ אַל יִשְׁתַּנּֽוֹ
Now the queen, by reason of the words of the king and his lords, came into the banquet house: and the queen spake and said, O king, live for ever: let not thy thoughts trouble thee, nor let thy countenance be changed:
Select a Hebrew word above to see its details.

מַלְכְּתָ ֕א
מַלְכְּתָ
Root word queen
֕א
Prefix — article the
Dictionary form: מַלְכָּא · mahl-KAW

Noun — Common, feminine singular, determined state determined — includes "the" (Aramaic)

In the KJV here: now the queen
and the queen ×1 now the queen ×1
More options
queen — Standard modern term; suits most narrative contexts.
queen consort — Specifies a king's wife rather than a reigning monarch.
queen mother — Use when the referent is the king's mother in power.
royal woman — Gender-neutral register; avoids title ambiguity.

BDB9663 H4433

BDB9662 | BIBLICAL ARAMAIC | BDB9664

[מַלְכָּה] noun feminine queen; — emphatic מַלְכְּתָא Dan 5:10 (twice in verse).

queen
malkāʾ
a queen
  • queen

לָ קֳבֵ֨ל
לָ
Prefix — preposition to, for
קֳבֵ֨ל
Preposition as, because, before, therefore, though, …
Dictionary form: קְבֵל · keh-BALE

Preposition

In the KJV here: by reason of
because ×3 before ×3 therefore ×3 according to ×1 as ×1 by reason of ×1 for ×1 forasmuch ×1
More options
because of — Most common causal use; natural in modern prose.
therefore — Inferential/resultative contexts; introduces a conclusion.
on account of — Slightly formal causal alternative to 'because of'.
in accordance with — Use when expressing conformity or correspondence.
since — Causal-temporal overlap; flows well in narrative.
for this reason — Emphatic inferential; good for rhetorical or legal tone.

BDB9612 H3605 H3606 H6903

BDB9611 | BIBLICAL ARAMAIC | BDB9613

כֹּל, כָּלֿ: noun masculine the whole, all (Biblical Hebrew כֹּל); — emphatic כֹּלָּא Dan 2:40 +, construct כֹּל Dan 2:12; Dan 3:2 +, כָּלֿ Dan 2:8 +, suffix 3 masculine plural כָּלְּהוֺן (so Palmyrene Lzb296 CookeNo. 117, Tariff ii.c.19 ii b. 18) Dan 2:38; Dan 7:19 (Qr feminine כָּכְּהֵּן); —

1. כֹּל חַכִּימֵי בָבֶכ the whole of ( = all) the wise men of B. Dan 3:2; Dan 3:3; Dan 3:5, etc.; Dan 6:2 כלמֿלכותא the whole ofthe kingdom, v.Dan 6:4 with suffix the whole of them, Dan 2:38; Dan 7:19.
2. with a singular noun, understood collectively, every, any, or with a negative none (Biblical Hebrew 1 b):Dan 3:29 דִּי כָלעַֿם אֻמָּה וְלִשָּׁן that every people, nation, and language, etc., Dan 6:8 מִןכָּֿלאֱֿלָה of any god, Ezra 6:12 כָּלמֶֿלֶח וְעַם; כל אנשׁ די every man who = whoever, Dan 3:10; Dan 5:7; Dan 6:13; Ezra 6:11; Dan 2:10 שׁאל כל מלך ֗֗֗ לא no king hath asked . . ., vDan 2:35; Dan 4:6; Dan 6:5; Dan 6:24 so כָּלדִּֿי (= Hebrew כָּלאְִֿשֶׁר) whoever Dan 6:8; Ezra 7:26, whatever vEzra 7:23, בְּכָלדִּֿי wherever Dan 2:38(compare אְִשֶׁר 4 b γ).
3. emphatic כֹּלָּא, used absolutely, as Hebrew הַכֹּל (Biblical Hebrew 2 b): Dan 2:40 חָשֵׁל כֹּלָּא crushing all things, Dan 4:9; Dan 4:18 וּמָזוֺן לְכֹלָּאבֵֿהּ and food for all was in it, v.Dan 4:25 כֹּלָּא מְטָא all came upon N. (compare חַכֹּל בָּא Josh 21:43), Ezra 5:7 שְׁלָמָא כֹלָּא all peace (K§ 83 d;) compare in Hebrew כֻּלּוּ etc., after their noun : Biblical Hebrew 1 d a). — For כָּלקְָֿבֵל see קְָבֵל.

BDB9847 H6903

BDB9846 | BIBLICAL ARAMAIC | BDB9848

קֳבֵל29 substantive front, as preposition in front of, before, because of; followed by דִּי as conjunction because that (perhaps in form a diminutive, BevDan 2:8; ᵑ7 קְבֵיל, with לְ, לִקְבֵיל, suffix לְקִבֵלִי, etc., in front of (Dalm§ 47, 7); Syriac , aspect, in front, , suffix in front (of), opposite (to), compare Gen 15:10 ᵑ7 ᵑ6; Palmyrene לקבל before (Cooke321, compare193)); — construct לָקֳבֵל Dan 2:8 +, suffix לְקָבְלָךְ Dan 2:31 —

1. with לְ
  a. Dan 3:3 צַלְמָא ׳לק before the image, Dan 2:31; Dan 5:1; Dan 5:5 in view of, by reason of, Dan 5:10 מַלְכָּא ׳מִלֵּ ׳לק by reason of the words, etc., Ezra 4:16 לָקֳבֵל דְּנָה (compare Egyptian Aramaic לקבל זנה זי, RES361 B5).
  b. followed by דִּי as conjunction because that Ezra 6:13 (so Palmyrene CISii. 164).
2. with כֹּל, כָּלקֳֿבֵל in view of, because of (but read probably כְּלָקֳבֵל according to the front of, i.e. having regard to, because of : LuzzChald. Gr. § 123 LambertRÉJ, 1895, 47 f. Marti§ 95 d NöLCB, 1896, 703 NesOLZ, 1902, 487 Str56 and others; compare Biblical Hebrew I. עֻמָּה d):
  a. as preposition כָּלקֳֿבֵל דְּנָה because of this, therefore, Dan 2:12; Dan 2:24; Dan 3:7; Dan 3:8; Dan 6:10; Ezra 7:17; Dan 3:22 pointing forwards, ׳כָּלקֳֿבֵל דִּנָה דִּנָה מִןדִּֿי וג on this account, (namely) because that, etc.
  b. followed by דִּי as conjunction because that, inasmuch as, Dan 2:8 כָּלקֳֿבֵל (כְּלָקֳבֵל) דִּי חֲזֵיתוּן because ye see, vDan 2:10 vDan 2:41 vDan 2:45 +, Ezra 4:14; Ezra 7:14; Dan 5:22 = although. In Dan 2:40; Dan 6:11 taken by ᵐ5 (ὂν τρόπον, καθώς), Ges (Thes, not Lex), Ew Hi as = according as (as Eccl 5:15 ᵑ7 כל קבל דאתא according as he came), but not Bev Behrm Marti. [Occasionally in ᵑ7, usually = before; compare in ᵑ7J Gen 28:17; Gen 31:32, D§§ 47.7; 50].

as, because, before, therefore, though, …
qĕbēl
(adverbially) in front of; usually (with other particles) on account of, so as, since, hence
  • (subst) front
    • "(prep) in front of, before, because of, in view of, by reason of, because of this, therefore"(conj) because that, inasmuch as, although, according as, before"(adv) accordingly, then

מִלֵּ֤י
מִלֵּ֤י
Root word thing, words, matter, things, word, …
Dictionary form: מִלָּה · mil-LAW

Noun — Common, feminine plural, construct state plural — usually add "-s"; "___ of …" — bound to the next word

In the KJV here: the words
the thing ×3 matter ×2 of the thing ×2 the matter ×2 words ×2 and made the thing ×1 commandment ×1 great words ×1
More options
word — Core meaning; best for speech or divine utterance contexts.
matter — Modernizes KJV 'matter'; suits topics or affairs under discussion.
thing — Broadest sense; use when referencing a non-verbal subject or event.
statement — Emphasizes a formal or authoritative declaration.
command — Preferred when the word carries directive or royal force.
message — Highlights communicated content passed between parties.

BDB9668 H4406

BDB9667 | BIBLICAL ARAMAIC | BDB9669

מִלָּה noun feminine word, thing; — absolute ׳מ Dan 2:9 +, construct מִלַּת vDan 2:10 +; emphatic vDan 2:5 +, ָ  א, vDan 2:8 +; plural absolute מִלּין Dan 7:1; Dan 7:25, construct מִלֵּי Dan 5:10, emphatic מִלַּיָּא Dan 7:11; Dan 7:16 —

1. word, utterance Dan 4:28; Dan 6:15, plural Dan 5:10; Dan 7:11; Dan 7:25 in bad sense, כִדְבָח וּשְׁחִיתָה ׳מ Dan 2:9, מִלַּיָּא רַבְרְבָתָא Dan 7:11 (compare רַבְרְבָן alone vDan 7:8 vDan 7:20); word of God's judgment Dan 4:30 = command Dan 2:5; Dan 2:8; Dan 3:22; Dan 3:28; Dan 6:13.
2. thing, affair, matter: Dan 2:10 (twice in verse); Dan 2:11; Dan 2:15; Dan 2:17; Dan 2:23; Dan 5:15; Dan 5:26; Dan 7:28 (twice in verse), plural vDan 7:1 vDan 7:16.

thing, words, matter, things, word, …
millâ
a word, command, discourse, or subject
  • word, thing
    • word, utterance, command
      • "thing, affair, matter

מַלְכָּ א֙
מַלְכָּ
Root word king, kings, royal
א֙
Prefix — article the
Dictionary form: מֶלֶךְ · meh-LEK

Noun — Common, masculine singular, determined state determined — includes "the" (Aramaic)

In the KJV here: of the king
the king ×75 o king ×19 the kings ×12 king ×10 kings ×9 unto the king ×9 and the king ×7 to the king ×6
More options
king — Standard modern rendering; broadly suitable in most contexts.
monarch — Formal or literary tone; emphasizes sovereign authority.
ruler — Broader term; useful when royal title is less central.
sovereign — Elevated register; stresses supreme political power.
royal — Adjectival use; prefer when modifying a noun directly.

BDB9662 H4429 H4430

BDB9661 | BIBLICAL ARAMAIC | BDB9663

מֶ֫לֶךְ178 noun masculine king (general Semitic; see Biblical Hebrew); — ׳מ absolute Dan 2:10 + 2 t.; construct Dan 4:34 + 6 t.; usually emphatic מַלְכָּא Ezra 4:8 + 154 t., ָ  ה Dan 2:11 plural מַלְכִין Ezra 4:15 + 9 t., ִ  ים Ezra 4:13 (Hebraism, BeRy M41*); emphatic מַלְכַיָּא Dan 2:44 + 2 t.; — king Dan 2:4; Dan 2:5 + 132 t. Daniel; Ezra 4:8; Ezra 4:11 + 42 t. Ezra (מֶלָךְ מַלְכַיָּא of Nebuchadnezzar Dan 2:37, of Artaxerxes Ezra 7:12 [compare Cooke71.3, of Xerxes]; מַלְכִין Dan 7:17 = kingdoms, compare מַלְכוּ vDan 7:23).

king, kings, royal
melek
a king
  • king

וְ רַבְרְבָנ֔וֹ הִי
וְ
Prefix — connector and (sometimes: but, so, then)
רַבְרְבָנ֔וֹ
Root word lords, princes
הִי
Suffix — pronoun his / him / it
Dictionary form: רַבְרְבָן · rahb-reh-BAWN

Noun — Common, masculine plural, construct state plural — usually add "-s"; "___ of …" — bound to the next word

In the KJV here: and his lords
and his lords ×2 and his princes ×2 of his lords ×2 and my lords ×1 and thy lords ×1
More options
noble — Broad, formal term for high-ranking court figures.
lord — Classic rendering modernized; suits royal court contexts.
prince — Emphasizes hereditary or elevated rank within a court.
grandee — Highlights elite social status; vivid but slightly literary.
dignitary — Neutral, modern; good for non-specialist audiences.
courtier — Stresses royal court setting; use when context is a palace.

BDB9882 H7261

BDB9881 | BIBLICAL ARAMAIC | BDB9883

[רַבְרְבָן] noun masculine lord, noble (compare ᵑ7, Syriac); — plural suffix רַבְרְבָנַי Dan 4:33 my lords (of Nebuchadnezzar); נ֫וֺהִי- (of Belshazzar) Dan 5:1; Dan 5:2; Dan 5:3; Dan 5:9; Dan 5:10, of Darius Dan 6:18 ניך- Kt, נָח- Qr (K§ 53, Anm. b)) of Belshazzar v.Dan 6:23.

lords, princes
rabrĕbān
a magnate
  • lord, noble

לְ בֵ֥ית
לְ
Prefix — preposition to, for
בֵ֥ית
Root word house, houses
Dictionary form: בַּיִת · ba-YIT

Noun — Common, masculine singular, construct state "___ of …" — bound to the next word

In the KJV here: house
house ×17 the house ×6 for the house ×4 of the house ×3 his house ×2 and let his house ×1 and let the house ×1 and their houses ×1
More options
house — Most versatile; fits nearly every context.
home — Emphasizes family warmth or personal residence.
household — Highlights the people/family unit within the house.
dwelling — Slightly formal; stresses the place of habitation.
palace — Use when the referent is a royal or grand residence.
temple — Use specifically for בֵּית יְהוָה, God's house/sanctuary.

BDB9372 H1004 H1005

BDB9371 | BIBLICAL ARAMAIC | BDB9373

[בַּ֫יִת]44 noun masculineEzra 6:7 house (Biblical Hebrew בַּ֫יִת); — emphatic בַּיְתָ֫א Ezra 5:3 +, תָ֫ה- Ezra 5:12; Ezra 6:15 construct בֵּית(ֿׅ Ezra 4:24; Ezra 5:2 +; suffix בַּיְתִי Dan 4:1 (Baern., compare M§ 76 c; van d. H. Gi בֵּיתִי), בַּיְהֵתּ Dan 2:17 +; plural suffix בָּֽתֵּיכוֺן Dan 2:5 —

1. house, of men : Ezra 6:11 (twice in verse); Dan 2:5; Dan 2:17; Dan 3:29; Dan 6:11 of king Ezra 6:4; Dan 4:4, מִשְׁתְּיָא ׳ב Dan 5:10, גִּנְוַיָא דִּי מִלְכָּא ׳ב Ezra 5:17, compare Ezra 7:20 = ׳סִפְרַיָא וגו ׳ב Ezra 6:1 מִלְכוּ ׳ב Ezra 4:30 royal residence (of Babylonian ).
2. house of God, temple at Jerusalem Dan 5:3; Dan 5:23; Ezra 4:24 + 28 t. Ezra.

house, houses
bayit
a house (in the greatest variation of applications, especially family, etc.)
  • house (of men)
    • "house (of God)

מִשְׁתְּיָ ֖א
מִשְׁתְּיָ
Root word banquet
֖א
Prefix — article the
Dictionary form: מִשְׁתֶּה · mish-TEH

Noun — Common, masculine singular, determined state determined — includes "the" (Aramaic)

In the KJV here: into the banquet
into the banquet ×1
More options
feast — Most common modern equivalent; broad and natural.
banquet — Formal register; suits royal or ceremonial contexts.
celebration — Emphasizes festive atmosphere over the meal itself.
dinner party — Conversational; works in relaxed, contemporary translations.
drinking party — Reflects the root יָשָׁה (to drink); highlights the wine aspect.

BDB9991 H4960 H4961

BDB9990 | BIBLICAL ARAMAIC | BDB9992

[מִשְׁתֵּי so ᵑ7] noun masculine feast (as Biblical Hebrew מִשְׁתֶּה]; — emphatic בֵּית מִשְׁתְּיָא Dan 5:10.

banquet
mište
a banquet
  • feast, banquet

עַלַּת
עַלַּת
Root word in, came, bring, brought, went
Dictionary form: עֲלַל · uh-LAHL

Verb — Peal, Perfect (Qatal), third person feminine singular simple action (Aramaic) — like Hebrew Qal completed action — try "he ___ed" or "he has ___ed" the built-in subject is "she (or it)"

In the KJV here: came
came in ×3 brought in ×2 to bring in ×2 went in ×2 bring me in ×1 brought ×1 came ×1 have been brought in ×1
More options
enter — Broad, neutral; best default choice for motion inward.
go in — Slightly informal; good for narrative movement into a space.
come in — Speaker-oriented motion; use when perspective is inside.
bring in — Causative sense; use when an agent introduces something/someone.
lead in — Causative with guidance implied; fits formal or ceremonial contexts.
be brought in — Passive; use for subjects acted upon by another agent.

BDB9771 H5954 H5953

BDB9770 | BIBLICAL ARAMAIC | BDB9772

[עֲלַל] verb go or come in (ᵑ7 Syriac; see Biblical Hebrew III. עלל); —

Pe`al Perfect 3 masculine singular עַל Dan 2:16 with עַל person vDan 2:24 with לְבַיְהֵתּ Dan 6:11, so 3 feminine singular עללת Kt, עַלַּת Qr Dan 5:10 Participle עללין Kt, עָלִּין Qr, absolute Dan 4:4; Dan 5:8. Haph`el bring in, with קֳדָם person: Perfect 3 masculine singular הַנְעֵל (K§ 11, 4. b); si Eg, Aramaic, S-CG 6, 7, 24, 27 הנעלת; compare D§ 71. 7; Dial.-Proben, p. 4); Dan 2:25 (ל accusative of person), Dan 6:19 (accusative of thing); Imperative masculine singular suffix person, הַעֵלְנִי Dan 2:24 Infinitive לְנְעָלָה Dan 4:3 (ל accusative of person); no קֳדָם person, לְהֶעָלָה Dan 5:7 (id.). Hoph`al (WCG 225) be brought, subject person +קֳדָם person: Perfect 3 masculine singular הֻעַל Dan 5:13, 3 masculine plural הֻעַ֫לּוּ vDan 5:15.

in, came, bring, brought, went
ʿălal
to enter; causatively, to introduce
  • to thrust in, go in, come in
    • (P'al) to go in, come in
      • "(Aphel) to bring in"(Hophal) to be brought in

עֲנָ֨ת
עֲנָ֨ת
Root word answered, spake
Dictionary form: עֲנָה · uh-NAW

Verb — Peal, Perfect (Qatal), third person feminine singular simple action (Aramaic) — like Hebrew Qal completed action — try "he ___ed" or "he has ___ed" the built-in subject is "she (or it)"

In the KJV here: spake
answered ×12 spake ×10 and spake ×2 he answered ×2 they answered ×2 therefore he spake ×1 they spake ×1
More options
answer — Most direct equivalent; use for replies to questions.
respond — Slightly more formal; suits deliberate or official replies.
speak up — Captures the sense of taking the floor to address others.
declare — Use when the speech is a solemn or public statement.
say — Broadest option; fits casual or narrative contexts.
speak — Good when no specific question is being answered.

BDB9780 H6030 H6032

BDB9779 | BIBLICAL ARAMAIC | BDB9781

I. [עֲנָה] verb answer (see Biblical Hebrew I. עָנָה); —

Pe`al Perfect 3 feminine singular עֲנַת Dan 5:10 3 masculine plural עֲנוֺ Dan 2:7 +; Participle active (עֲנָה NöGGA, 1884, 1021) עָנֵה Dan 2:5 +, plural עָנַיִן (K§ 47 Beisp. e)) Dan 3:24 — always + אמר Participle, answered and said (ל [or קֳדָם] person usually following אדר; following ׳ע Dan 2:10; Dan 2:27; Dan 2:47): —
1. answer, make reply, to something said: Dan 2:5; Dan 2:7; Dan 2:8; Dan 2:10; Dan 2:27; Dan 3:16; Dan 3:24; Dan 3:25; Dan 4:16 b Dan 5:17; Dan 6:13; Dan 6:14.
2. respond to occasion, speak in view of a situation: Dan 2:15; Dan 2:20; Dan 2:26; Dan 3:9; Dan 3:14; Dan 3:19; Dan 3:24; Dan 3:26; Dan 3:28; Dan 4:16a; Dan 4:27; Dan 5:10.

answered, spake
ʿănâ
properly, to eye or (generally) to heed, i.e., pay attention; by implication, to respond; by extension to begin to speak; specifically to sing, shout, testify, announce
  • to answer, respond
    • (P'al)
      • to answer, make reply
        • "to respond

מַלְכְּתָ ֜א
מַלְכְּתָ
Root word queen
֜א
Prefix — article the
Dictionary form: מַלְכָּא · mahl-KAW

Noun — Common, feminine singular, determined state determined — includes "the" (Aramaic)

In the KJV here: and the queen
and the queen ×1 now the queen ×1
More options
queen — Standard modern term; suits most narrative contexts.
queen consort — Specifies a king's wife rather than a reigning monarch.
queen mother — Use when the referent is the king's mother in power.
royal woman — Gender-neutral register; avoids title ambiguity.

BDB9663 H4433

BDB9662 | BIBLICAL ARAMAIC | BDB9664

[מַלְכָּה] noun feminine queen; — emphatic מַלְכְּתָא Dan 5:10 (twice in verse).

queen
malkāʾ
a queen
  • queen

וַ אֲמֶ֗רֶת
וַ
Prefix — connector and (sometimes: but, so, then)
אֲמֶ֗רֶת
Root word said, commanded, tell, told, speak, …
Dictionary form: אֲמַר · uh-MAHR

Verb — Peal, Perfect (Qatal), third person feminine singular simple action (Aramaic) — like Hebrew Qal completed action — try "he ___ed" or "he has ___ed" the built-in subject is "she (or it)"

In the KJV here: and said
and said ×35 commanded ×5 and commanded ×4 tell ×3 said ×2 and he commanded ×1 and said unto them ×1 and saying ×1
More options
say — Most neutral, broadly applicable spoken communication.
tell — Prefer when information is directed at a specific recipient.
speak — Emphasizes the act of speaking rather than content.
declare — Formal or public announcement; elevated register.
command — Use when the utterance carries authoritative directive force.
order — Informal alternative to 'command'; direct, contemporary register.

BDB9309 H560 H559

BDB9308 | BIBLICAL ARAMAIC | BDB9310

אֲמַר71 verb say, tell, command (Biblical Hebrew אָמַר); —

Pe Perfect 3 masculine singular ׳א Dan 2:12 +, אֲמַ֑ר Dan 7:1 3 feminine singular אֲמֶ֫רֶר Dan 5:10 (K§ 38, 1 a); 1 singular אַמְרֵת Dan 4:5 1 plural אֲאַ֫רְנָא Dan 5:4; Dan 5:9, etc.; Imperfect 3 masculine singular יֵאמַר (K§ 41) Dan 2:7 +; 2 masculine plural תֵּאמְרוּן Jer 10:11, etc.; Imperative masculine singular אֱמַר Jer 2:4 +; masculine plural אֱמַרוּ Jer 2:9 Infinitive לְמֵאמַר vJer 2:9, לְמֵמַ֑ר Ezra 5:11 (K§ 41 a); Participle אְמַר Dan 2:5 + often, plural אָֽמְרִין Dan 3:4; Ezra 5:3 +; —
1. say (often in phrase answer and say): followed by oratio recta [direct speech] (only), Dan 2:7; Dan 2:10 + 13 t. Daniel; Ezra 5:11 + ל person Dan 2:5; Dan 3:14 + 14 t. Daniel [plural with indefinite subject for passive Dan 4:28], Ezra 5:15 + קְָדָס person Dan 2:9; Dan 5:17; Dan 6:13; Dan 6:14 + כֵּן Dan 4:11; Dan 7:23, כֵּן with ל person Ezra 5:8; Dan 2:24; Dan 2:25; Dan 6:7, compare Dan 7:5 + כְּנֵמָא with ל person Ezra 5:4; Ezra 5:9 + כִּדְנָךְ with ל person Jer 10:11 followed by accusative of thing + עַל person against whom Dan 3:29.
2. relate, tell: followed by accusative of thing Dan 4:6; Dan 4:15; Dan 7:1, + ל person Dan 2:4; Dan 2:9; Dan 2:7; Dan 7:16 (accusative of thing omitted), + קְָדָם person Dan 2:36; Dan 4:4; Dan 4:5.
3. command: followed by infinitive Dan 2:12; Dan 2:46 + 6 t. Daniel; followed by finite verb Dan 5:29; Dan 6:17; Dan 6:23 followed by ל person + or. rect. Dan 3:4 [pl. with indefinite subject, for passive, K§ 76 e, so Dan 4:23].

said, commanded, tell, told, speak, …
ʾămar
to speak, to command
  • (P'al) to say, to speak, to command, to tell, to relate

מַלְכָּ א֙
מַלְכָּ
Root word king, kings, royal
א֙
Prefix — article the
Dictionary form: מֶלֶךְ · meh-LEK

Noun — Common, masculine singular, determined state determined — includes "the" (Aramaic)

In the KJV here: o king
the king ×75 o king ×19 the kings ×12 king ×10 kings ×9 unto the king ×9 and the king ×7 to the king ×6
More options
king — Standard modern rendering; broadly suitable in most contexts.
monarch — Formal or literary tone; emphasizes sovereign authority.
ruler — Broader term; useful when royal title is less central.
sovereign — Elevated register; stresses supreme political power.
royal — Adjectival use; prefer when modifying a noun directly.

BDB9662 H4429 H4430

BDB9661 | BIBLICAL ARAMAIC | BDB9663

מֶ֫לֶךְ178 noun masculine king (general Semitic; see Biblical Hebrew); — ׳מ absolute Dan 2:10 + 2 t.; construct Dan 4:34 + 6 t.; usually emphatic מַלְכָּא Ezra 4:8 + 154 t., ָ  ה Dan 2:11 plural מַלְכִין Ezra 4:15 + 9 t., ִ  ים Ezra 4:13 (Hebraism, BeRy M41*); emphatic מַלְכַיָּא Dan 2:44 + 2 t.; — king Dan 2:4; Dan 2:5 + 132 t. Daniel; Ezra 4:8; Ezra 4:11 + 42 t. Ezra (מֶלָךְ מַלְכַיָּא of Nebuchadnezzar Dan 2:37, of Artaxerxes Ezra 7:12 [compare Cooke71.3, of Xerxes]; מַלְכִין Dan 7:17 = kingdoms, compare מַלְכוּ vDan 7:23).

king, kings, royal
melek
a king
  • king

לְ עָלְמִ֣ין
לְ
Prefix — preposition to, for
עָלְמִ֣ין
Root word ever, everlasting, old, never
Dictionary form: עָלַם · aw-LAHM

Noun — Common, masculine plural, absolute state plural — usually add "-s"

In the KJV here: for ever
for ever ×8 is an everlasting ×4 ever ×3 old ×2 and ever ×1 shall never ×1
More options
eternal — Broad adjective; suits timeless, abstract contexts well.
everlasting — Modernized KJV form; emphasizes unending duration.
forever — Common adverbial use; best for phrases like 'forever and ever'.
age-old — Stresses ancient origin rather than future endlessness.
enduring — Softer register; highlights continuity over infinite time.
perpetual — Formal tone; fits legal or covenantal language.

BDB9773 H5957 H5769

BDB9772 | BIBLICAL ARAMAIC | BDB9774

עָלַם noun [masculine] perpetuity, antiquity (see Biblical Hebrew III> עלם, עוֺלָם); — ׳ע absolute Dan 3:33 +, construct Dan 7:18 emphatic עָֽלְמָא Dan 2:20 +; plural עָֽלְמִין Dan 2:4 +, emphatic עָֽלְמַיָּא Dan 2:44; Dan 7:18 — perpetuity in the future: ׳מַלְכוּת ע Dan 3:33; Dan 7:27, compare Dan 4:31; Dan 7:14 ׳ע as adverb for ever Dan 4:31 עַדעָֽֿלְמָא וְעַדעָֿלַם עָֽלְמַיָּא Dan 7:18 plural ׳לְע for ever Dan 2:4; Dan 2:44; Dan 2:44; Dan 3:9; Dan 5:10; Dan 6:7; Dan 6:22; Dan 6:27 antiquity, מִןיֿוֺמָת עָֽלְמָא Ezra 4:15; Ezra 4:19 of limitless time both past and future: ׳וְעַדעֿ ׳מִןעֿ Dan 2:20.

ever, everlasting, old, never
ʿālam
remote time, i.e., the future or past indefinitely; often adverb, forever
  • perpetuity, antiquity, for ever

חֱיִ֔י
חֱיִ֔י
Root word live
Dictionary form: חֲיָא · huh-YAW

Verb — Peal, Imperative, second person masculine singular simple action (Aramaic) — like Hebrew Qal a command — try "___!" the built-in subject is "you"

In the KJV here: live
live ×5
More options
live — Most direct modern equivalent; broadly applicable.
be alive — Emphasizes a state of living rather than an action.
survive — Prefer when context implies enduring threat or danger.
remain alive — Highlights continuation of life; slightly more emphatic.

BDB9521 H2418 H2421

BDB9520 | BIBLICAL ARAMAIC | BDB9522

[חֲיָא] verb live (see Biblical Hebrew תָיָה); —

Pe`al Imperative לְעָֽלְמִין חֱיִי live for ever! Dan 2:4; Dan 3:9; Dan 5:10; Dan 6:7; Dan 6:22. Hiph`il Participle מַחֵא (K§ 11. 3 b) γ) HptKmp. Dn. 28) Dan 5:19 let live.

live
ḥăyāʾ
to live
  • to live
    • (P'al) to live
      • "(Aphel) to let live, keep alive

אַֽל
אַֽל
Particle not
Dictionary form: אַל · al

Particle — Negative

In the KJV here: let not
let not ×2 not ×1 thee nor ×1
More options
do not — Standard prohibitive; suits most imperative contexts.
must not — Stronger prohibition; emphasizes obligation to refrain.
nor — Connective negative; links two prohibited items or actions.
never — Adds timeless force; good for wisdom or proverbial sayings.
don't — Informal register; suits conversational or direct speech.

BDB9298 H409 H408

BDB9297 | BIBLICAL ARAMAIC | BDB9299

אַל adverb of prohibition, do not . . ., let not . . ., followed by imperfect ( = Biblical Hebrew I. אַל; Zenjirli אל (Had22. 23. 29) Cooke160 f.; compare Pahlavi (NöGGA, 1884, 1016); not ᵑ7 Syriac); — Dan 2:24 אַלֹתְּֿהוֺבֵד, Dan 4:16; Dan 5:10.

not, nor
ʾal
not (the qualified negation, used as a deprecative); once (Job 24:25) as a noun, nothing
  • no, not

יְבַהֲלוּ ךְ֙
יְבַהֲלוּ
Root word troubled, haste, trouble
ךְ֙
Suffix — pronoun your / you (one man)
Dictionary form: בְּהַל · beh-HAHL

Verb — Pael, Imperfect (Yiqtol), third person masculine plural intensive (Aramaic) — like Hebrew Piel not-yet-complete action — try "he will ___" or "he ___s" the built-in subject is "they"

In the KJV here: trouble
troubled ×4 in haste ×3 troubled me ×2 thereof trouble ×1 trouble ×1
More options
terrify — Strong fear-inducing sense; best for vivid, intense contexts.
dismay — Emotional shock plus loss of composure; broadly applicable.
alarm — Sudden disturbance of calm; good for urgent or warning contexts.
agitate — Inner turmoil without full terror; suits milder distress.
rush — Captures the 'haste' nuance when speed, not fear, is primary.
unsettle — Softer register; fits psychological disturbance in prose narrative.

BDB9364 H927 H926

BDB9363 | BIBLICAL ARAMAIC | BDB9365

[בְּהַל] verb Pa`el alarm, dismay (so usually ᵑ7 (not Syriac); Biblical Hebrew [בָּהַל]); — Imperfect . 3 masculine singular suffix יְבַהֲלָךְ Dan 4:16 and 3 masculine plural suffix לֻגַּנִי- Dan 4:2; Dan 7:15; Dan 7:28 (both jussive Str§ 18 c M§ 52 a); לוּךְ- Dan 5:10, לֻנֵּ֑ךְ- Dan 4:16, לוּנֵהּ- Dan 5:6. Hithpe`el hasten (so Pi`el in late Biblical Hebrew; ᵑ7 Ithpe`el (rare)); Infinitive בְּהִתְבְּהָלָה = in haste (originally 'in alarm') Dan 2:25; Dan 3:24; Dan 6:20. Hithpa. Passive participle מִתְבָּהַל Dan 5:9 was greatly alarmed.

troubled, haste, trouble
bĕhal
to terrify, hasten
  • (Pual) to frighten, alarm, dismay
    • "(Ithpa'al) to hurry, hasten"(Ithpa'al) alarmed (part.)

רַעְיוֹנָ ֔ךְ
רַעְיוֹנָ
Root word thoughts, cogitations
֔ךְ
Suffix — pronoun your / you (one man)
Dictionary form: רַעְיוֹן · ra-YONE

Noun — Common, masculine plural, construct state plural — usually add "-s"; "___ of …" — bound to the next word

In the KJV here: thy thoughts
and his thoughts ×2 thy thoughts ×2 my cogitations ×1 the thoughts ×1
More options
thought — Most natural, broadly applicable rendering in any context.
thinking — Emphasizes the active, ongoing mental process.
reflection — Suggests deliberate, considered mental activity.
mind — Idiomatic when referring to the contents of one's mental state.
contemplation — Fits elevated or meditative contexts well.
inner reasoning — Highlights the interior, logical nature of the thoughts.

BDB9906 H7476

BDB9905 | BIBLICAL ARAMAIC | BDB9907

[רַעְיוֺן] noun masculineDan 4:16 thought; — pl, construct רַעְיוֺנֵי לִבְבָךְ Dan 2:30 suffix נַי- Dan 7:28 ניך- Kt, נָח- Qr (K§ 53 Anm. b)) Dan 2:29; Dan 5:10, רַעְיֹנֹ֫הִי Dan 4:16; Dan 5:6.

thoughts, cogitations
raʿyôn
a grasp. i.e., (figuratively) mental conception
  • thought

וְ זִיוָ֖י ךְ
וְ
Prefix — connector and (sometimes: but, so, then)
זִיוָ֖י
Root word countenance, brightness
ךְ
Suffix — pronoun your / you (one man)
Dictionary form: זִיו · dzeeoo

Noun — Common, masculine plural, construct state plural — usually add "-s"; "___ of …" — bound to the next word

In the KJV here: let thy countenance
and brightness ×1 and his countenance ×1 countenance ×1 let thy countenance ×1 me and my countenance ×1 whose brightness ×1
More options
radiance — Broad, vivid; suits luminous or glory contexts well.
brightness — Modernized KJV form; clear and literal.
glow — Warmer, softer tone; good for facial or inner light.
splendor — Elevated register; emphasizes majesty or grandeur.
face — Idiomatic when זִיו refers to a person's countenance.
luster — Highlights shining quality; suits regal or material shine.

BDB9487 H2122

BDB9486 | BIBLICAL ARAMAIC | BDB9488

[זִיו] noun masculine brightness, splendour (ᵑ7 id., Syriac , perhaps loan-word from Assyrian zîmu, chiefly of countenance, DlWB 252: Pr 152 NöZMG xl (1886), 732 JenZK ii. 43 BrockLex. Syr. 93); — suffix זִיוִי Dan 4:33 splendour of royalty; זִוֵהּ Dan 2:31 (of image); plural brightness of countenance: suffix זִיוַי Kt, זיויך Kt, זִיוָךְ Qr, Dan 5:10, זִי֫וֺהִי Dan 5:6; Dan 5:9.

countenance, brightness
zîw
(figuratively) cheerfulness
  • brightness, splendor

אַל
אַל
Particle not
Dictionary form: אַל · al

Particle — Negative

In the KJV here: thee nor
let not ×2 not ×1 thee nor ×1
More options
do not — Standard prohibitive; suits most imperative contexts.
must not — Stronger prohibition; emphasizes obligation to refrain.
nor — Connective negative; links two prohibited items or actions.
never — Adds timeless force; good for wisdom or proverbial sayings.
don't — Informal register; suits conversational or direct speech.

BDB9298 H409 H408

BDB9297 | BIBLICAL ARAMAIC | BDB9299

אַל adverb of prohibition, do not . . ., let not . . ., followed by imperfect ( = Biblical Hebrew I. אַל; Zenjirli אל (Had22. 23. 29) Cooke160 f.; compare Pahlavi (NöGGA, 1884, 1016); not ᵑ7 Syriac); — Dan 2:24 אַלֹתְּֿהוֺבֵד, Dan 4:16; Dan 5:10.

not, nor
ʾal
not (the qualified negation, used as a deprecative); once (Job 24:25) as a noun, nothing
  • no, not

יִשְׁתַּנּֽוֹ
יִשְׁתַּנּֽוֹ
Root word changed, diverse, alter, change, changeth
Dictionary form: שְׁנָא · sheh-NAW

Verb — Hithpaal, Imperfect (Yiqtol), third person masculine plural passive / reflexive of the intensive stem (Aramaic) not-yet-complete action — try "he will ___" or "he ___s" the built-in subject is "they"

In the KJV here: be changed
be changed ×4 changed ×3 was changed ×3 diverse ×2 shall be diverse ×2 and have changed ×1 changeth ×1 may be changed ×1
More options
change — Most versatile; suits most contexts naturally.
alter — Slightly formal; implies partial or deliberate modification.
be transformed — Emphases a thorough or striking change in form.
differ — Better for 'diverse' senses; highlights contrast or distinction.
be modified — Neutral, administrative tone; fits legal or decree contexts.
deviate — Useful when change implies departure from a norm or law.

BDB8881 H8138 H8133 H8132

BDB8880 | BIBLICAL HEBREW | BDB8882

I. [שָׁנָה] verb change (Late Hebrew Pi`el, etc.; Eccl 42:24 etc.; Assyrian šanû, change, Aramaic שְׁנָא, Nabataean Ethpa`al Lzb379; Syriac , especially mentally = grow insane; compare (probably) Late Hebrew שָׁנָה year, = Phoenician שנת, שת; MI2, 8 שת; Assyrian šattu (compare Muss-ArnJBL xi (1892), 73 n.); Arabic ; Aramaic שְׁנַא, שַׁתָּא, , ; Old Aramaic, Nabataean, Palmyrene שנתא, שנת, שת, שנן Lzb379 f.; on year from changing seasons, see PhilippiZMG xxxii (1878), 79 f. BaZMG xll (1887), 612, 621, 636 (especially against DHMVIme Orient. Congr. ii. 1, 452 who proposes biliteral √), compare Thes; a daring suggestion by JenZA vii (1892), 177); —

Qal Perfect 1 singular לאֹ שָׁנִיתִי Mal 3:6 I am ׳׳י, I do not change: Imperfect 3 masculine singular יִשְׁנֶא (Ges«GKC:75rr»§ 75rr) Lam 4:1 how is the fine gold changed (si vera lectio; LöhrNow יִשָּׁנֵא; gloss on יוּעַס Bu Löhr); Infinitive construct שְׁנוֺת יְמִין עֶלְיוֺן Ps 77:11 the right hand of the Highest is changed (ᵑ6 ᵑ9 ᵑ7 Aq Symm Theod Hup-Now RVm Bae Du We Buhl; AV RV Ew De Che and others years, usually insert I will remember); Participle שׁוֺנִים Esth 1:7 differing, different, with מִן, compare Esth 3:8 (so Eccl 42:24); Prov 24:21 those who change (but dubious, see Toy). Pi`el transitive, change, alter: Perfect 3 masculine singular שִׁנָּה Jer 52:33 with accusative garments, = שִׁנָּא (Gesl.c.) 2Kgs 25:29 Imperfect 3 masculine singular יְשַׁנֶּה דִּין Prov 31:5 lest he pervert the judgment; וַיְשַׁנּוֺ 1Sam 21:14 (read וַיְשַׁן Ges«GKC:75bb»§ 75bb, וַיְשַׁנֶּה We Dr (and references), compare Bu HPS Now), with accusative טַעְמוֺ (see טַעַם, and Assyrian šanê ‰êmi, madness); וַיְשַׁנֶּהָ Esth 2:9, i.e. changed her place לְטוֺב בֵּית הַנָּשִׁים; 1 singular Ps 89:35 the utterance of my lips I will not change (|| לֹא אֲחַלֵּל בְּרִיתִי); Infinitive construct לְשַׁנּוֺת אֶתדַּֿרְכֵךְ Jer 2:36 i.e. change thy political course; בְּשַׁנּוֺתוֺ אֶתֿ טַעְמוֺ Ps 34:1 (title; compare 1Sam 21:14 above); Participle מְשַׁנֶּה פָנָיו Job 14:20 altering his face, i.e. in death (subject God). Pu`al Imperfect 3 masculine singular וְעֹז פָּנָיו יְשֻׁנֶּא (Ges«GKC:75rr»§ 75rr) Eccl 8:1, usually is changed, mollified, Siegf יִשָּׂנֵא is hated (on ׳עֹז פ see עֹז 4, √עזז). Hithpa`el Perfect 2 feminine singular consecutive קוּמִי וְהִשְׁתַּנִּית 1Kgs 14:2 arise, pray, and disguise thyself.

changed, diverse, alter, change, changeth
šĕnāʾ
to alter
  • to change, be altered, be changed
    • (P'al) to change, be changed
      • "(Pael) to change, transform, frustrate
      • different (participle)
      (Ithpael) to be changed"(Aphel) to change, alter

The cantillation accents are the Masoretes' punctuation: each group below ends at a pausing accent. Translate a group as one unit.
מַלְכְּתָ֕א Zaqef Gadol — a strong break לָקֳבֵ֨ל מִלֵּ֤י מַלְכָּא֙ Pashta — a lesser break וְרַבְרְבָנ֔וֹהִי Zaqef Qatan — a strong break לְבֵ֥ית מִשְׁתְּיָ֖א Tipeha — a lesser break עַלַּ֑לת Etnahta — the verse's main pause — take a breath here עֲנָ֨ת מַלְכְּתָ֜א וַאֲמֶ֗רֶת Revia — a lesser break מַלְכָּא֙ Pashta — a lesser break לְעָלְמִ֣ין חֱיִ֔י Zaqef Qatan — a strong break אַֽל יְבַהֲלוּךְ֙ Pashta — a lesser break רַעְיוֹנָ֔ךְ Zaqef Qatan — a strong break וְזִיוָ֖יךְ Tipeha — a lesser break אַל יִשְׁתַּנּֽוֹ Silluq — end of the verse

מַלְכְּתָא לָקֳבֵל מִלֵּי מַלְכָּא וְרַבְרְבָנוֹהִי לְבֵית מִשְׁתְּיָא עַלַּלת עֲנָת מַלְכְּתָא וַאֲמֶרֶת מַלְכָּא לְעָלְמִין חֱיִי אַֽל-יְבַהֲלוּךְ רַעְיוֹנָךְ וְזִיוָיךְ אַל-יִשְׁתַּנּֽוֹ׃
10
Now the queen, by reason of the words of the king and his lords, came into the banquet house: and the queen spake and said, O king, live for ever: let not thy thoughts trouble thee, nor let thy countenance be changed:
Cross References

Daniel 3:9

עֲנוֹ וְאָמְרִין לִנְבוּכַדְנֶצַּר מַלְכָּא מַלְכָּא לְעָלְמִין חֱיִֽי׃
9
They spake and said to the king Nebuchadnezzar, O king, live for ever.

Daniel 6:6

אֱדַיִן סָרְכַיָּא וַאֲחַשְׁדַּרְפְּנַיָּא אִלֵּן הַרְגִּשׁוּ עַל-מַלְכָּא וְכֵן אָמְרִין לֵהּ דָּרְיָוֶשׁ מַלְכָּא לְעָלְמִין חֱיִֽי׃
6
Then these presidents and princes assembled together to the king, and said thus unto him, King Darius, live for ever.

Daniel 2:4

וַֽיְדַבְּרוּ הַכַּשְׂדִּים לַמֶּלֶךְ אֲרָמִית מַלְכָּא לְעָלְמִין חֱיִי אֱמַר חֶלְמָא לְעַבְדָיךְ וּפִשְׁרָא נְחַוֵּֽא׃
4
Then spake the Chaldeans to the king in Syriack, O king, live for ever: tell thy servants the dream, and we will shew the interpretation.

Job 13:4

וְֽאוּלָם אַתֶּם טֹֽפְלֵי-שָׁקֶר רֹפְאֵי אֱלִל כֻּלְּכֶֽם׃
4
But ye are forgers of lies, ye are all physicians of no value.

Job 21:34

וְאֵיךְ תְּנַחֲמוּנִי הָבֶל וּתְשֽׁוּבֹתֵיכֶם נִשְׁאַר-מָֽעַל׃
34
How then comfort ye me in vain, seeing in your answers there remaineth falsehood?

1 Kings 1:31

וַתִּקֹּד בַּת-שֶׁבַע אַפַּיִם אֶרֶץ וַתִּשְׁתַּחוּ לַמֶּלֶךְ וַתֹּאמֶר יְחִי אֲדֹנִי הַמֶּלֶךְ דָּוִד לְעֹלָֽם׃
31
Then Bath-sheba bowed with her face to the earth, and did reverence to the king, and said, Let my lord king David live for ever.

Genesis 35:17

וַיְהִי בְהַקְשֹׁתָהּ בְּלִדְתָּהּ וַתֹּאמֶר לָהּ הַמְיַלֶּדֶת אַל-תִּירְאִי כִּֽי-גַם-זֶה לָךְ בֵּֽן׃
17
And it came to pass, when she was in hard labour, that the midwife said unto her, Fear not; thou shalt have this son also.

Daniel 6:21

אֱדַיִן דָּנִיֶּאל עִם-מַלְכָּא מַלִּל מַלְכָּא לְעָלְמִין חֱיִֽי׃
21
Then said Daniel unto the king, O king, live for ever.

1 Samuel 4:20

וּכְעֵת מוּתָהּ וַתְּדַבֵּרְנָה הַנִּצָּבוֹת עָלֶיהָ אַל-תִּֽירְאִי כִּי בֵן יָלָדְתְּ וְלֹא עָֽנְתָה וְלֹא-שָׁתָה לִבָּֽהּ׃
20
And about the time of her death the women that stood by her said unto her, Fear not; for thou hast born a son. But she answered not, neither did she regard it.
Daniel 5:9
Read Daniel 5
Daniel 5:11