Daniel 5:31

וְדָרְיָ֙וֶשׁ֙ מָֽדָיָ֔א קַבֵּ֖ל מַלְכוּתָ֑א כְּבַ֥ר שְׁנִ֖ין שִׁתִּ֥ין וְתַרְתֵּֽין
And Darius the Median took the kingdom, being about threescore and two years old.
Select a Hebrew word above to see its details.

וְ דָרְיָ֙וֶשׁ֙
וְ
Prefix — connector and (sometimes: but, so, then)
דָרְיָ֙וֶשׁ֙
Root word a name — transliterate it ("And darius")
Dictionary form: דָּֽרְיָוֵשׁ · DAW-reh-yaw-waysh

Noun — Proper Name

In the KJV here: and darius
darius ×8 of darius ×3 and darius ×2 to darius ×1 unto darius ×1
More options
Darius — Standard modern English rendering of this Persian royal name.
King Darius — Use when royal title adds clarity in narrative context.
Darius the Mede — Distinguishes the Median Darius from later Persian rulers.

BDB9456 H1867 H1868

BDB9455 | BIBLICAL ARAMAIC | BDB9457

דָּֽרְיָ֫וֶשׁ15 proper name, masculine (Biblical Hebrew id.; Egyptian Aramaic דריוהוש RŠS361 S-CH 1+); —

1. Darius Hystaspis Ezra 4:24 + 8 t. Ezra.
2. 'Darius the Mede' Dan 6:1; Dan 6:2; Dan 6:7; Dan 6:10; Dan 6:26; Dan 6:29.

darius
dārĕyāwēš
lord
Darejavesh, a title (rather than name) of several Persian kings
  • Darius the Mede, the son of Ahasuerus, king of the Chaldeans, who succeeded to the Babylonian kingdom on the death of Belshazzar; probably the same as ___%___Astyages___%___ the last king of the Medes (538 BC) (same as H1867 (1))
    • "Darius, the son of Hystaspes, the founder of the Perso-Arian dynasty (521 BC) (same as H1867 (2))"Darius II or Darius III
    • Darius II, Nothus (Ochus) was king of Persia during the time of Nehemiah (424/3–405/4 BC). Darius II is the most probable because he is mentioned by Nehemiah and ruled during the time of Nehemiah
      • "Darius III, Codomannus was king of Persia during its last years at the time of Alexander the Great and was his opponent (336–330 BC)

מָֽדָיָ ֔א
מָֽדָיָ
Root word a name — transliterate it ("The median")
֔א
Prefix — article the
Dictionary form: מָדַי · maw-DAI

Noun — Gentilic, masculine singular, determined state determined — includes "the" (Aramaic); a people-group name (like "Hittite")

In the KJV here: the median
the median ×1
More options
Mede — Standard modern English term for a person from Media.
Median — Adjectival use; fits contexts describing ethnicity or origin.
person from Media — Explicit and clear for general audiences unfamiliar with 'Mede'.
Medean — Rare variant; use only if 'Mede' feels too archaic for context.

BDB9650 H4076 H4077 H4074

BDB9649 | BIBLICAL ARAMAIC | BDB9651

מָדַי proper name, of a people or territory Medes, Media (Biblical Hebrew id.); —

1. of a people Dan 5:28; Dan 6:9; Dan 6:13; Dan 6:16.
2. territory Ezra 6:2.

BDB9651 H4077

BDB9650 | BIBLICAL ARAMAIC | BDB9652

מדיא Kt, מָדָאָה Qr (K§ 61, 6) name, of a people Mede; — Dan 6:1.

[מְדִינָה] see דין. [מְדָר] see דוד.

median
māday
middle land
a Madian or native of Madai
  • an inhabitant of Media

קַבֵּ֖ל
קַבֵּ֖ל
Root word receive, take, took
Dictionary form: קְבַל · keh-BAHL

Verb — Pael, Perfect (Qatal), third person masculine singular intensive (Aramaic) — like Hebrew Piel completed action — try "he ___ed" or "he has ___ed" the built-in subject is "he (or it)"

In the KJV here: took
shall take ×1 thereof ye shall receive ×1 took ×1
More options
receive — Standard, broadly applicable; fits most contexts naturally.
take — More active/physical; good when an object is grasped.
accept — Implies willing reception; suits gifts or decrees.
obtain — Emphasizes gaining possession; formal register.
acquire — Stresses coming into ownership; slightly legal tone.

BDB9848 H6901 H6902

BDB9847 | BIBLICAL ARAMAIC | BDB9849

קַבֵּל verb denominative Pa`el receive (Biblical Hebrew (late), (q. v.; ᵑ7 Syriac: properly come in front of, come to meet, compare German entgegennehmen); — Perfect 3 masculine singular קַבֵּל Dan 6:1 Imperfect 2 masculine plural תְּקַבְּלוּן ye shall receive Dan 2:6, 3 masculine plural וִיקַבְּלוּן Dan 7:18 all with accusative of thing.

receive, take, took
qĕbal
to acquire
  • (Pael) to receive

מַלְכוּתָ ֑א
מַלְכוּתָ
Root word kingdom, reign, realm, kingdoms, kingly
֑א
Prefix — article the
Dictionary form: מַלְכוּ · mahl-KOO

Noun — Common, feminine singular, determined state determined — includes "the" (Aramaic)

In the KJV here: the kingdom
the kingdom ×10 in the kingdom ×7 kingdom ×7 and his kingdom ×3 of the kingdom ×3 thy kingdom ×3 a kingdom ×2 and the kingdom ×2
More options
kingdom — Most common rendering; use for territorial/political sense.
reign — Emphasizes the act or period of ruling.
realm — Highlights the domain or sphere of a ruler's authority.
sovereignty — Abstract sense; stresses supreme power or dominion.
royal power — Emphasizes the kingly authority itself, not territory.
rule — Concise; suits contexts focused on governing activity.

BDB9664 H4437

BDB9663 | BIBLICAL ARAMAIC | BDB9665

מַלְכוּ noun feminine royalty, reign, kingdom; — absolute ׳מ Dan 2:39 +; construct מַלְכוּת Ezra 4:24 +; emphatic תָא- Dan 2:37 +, תָה- Dan 2:44 suffix תִי- Dan 4:15 +, הֵתּ- Dan 3:33 +, תָךְ- Dan 4:23 +; plural construct מַלְכְוָת Dan 7:27 emphatic וָתָא- Dan 2:44; Dan 7:23 —

1. royalty, kingship, kingly authority: Dan 4:23; Dan 4:28; Dan 4:33 ׳הֵיכַל מ v.Dan 4:26, ׳בֵּית מ v.Dan 4:27, כָּרְסֵא Dan 5:20.
2. organized (world-) kingdom: Dan 2:39 (twice in verse); Dan 2:40; Dan 2:41; Dan 2:42; Dan 2:44; Dan 7:23 (twice in verse); Dan 7:24; Dan 7:27 אֲנָשָׁא ׳מ Dan 4:14; Dan 4:22; Dan 4:29; Dan 5:21 of specific kings Dan 2:37; Dan 5:18; Dan 5:28; Dan 6:1 of God Dan 3:33; Dan 7:27 (both עָלַם ׳מ), Dan 2:44 (twice in verse); Dan 3:33; Dan 4:31; Dan 6:27; Dan 7:27 of Messiah Dan 7:14 (twice in verse); of saints Dan 7:18 (twice in verse); Dan 7:22; Dan 7:27.
3. realm (territorial) Dan 4:15; Dan 4:33b; Dan 5:7; Dan 5:11; Dan 5:16; Dan 5:29; Dan 6:2 (twice in verse); Dan 6:4; Dan 6:8; Dan 6:27; Ezra 7:13; Ezra 7:23 metonymy Ezra 6:5 = administration of realm.
4. reign, time of reigning Dan 5:26; Dan 6:29 (twice in verse); Ezra 4:24; Ezra 6:15.

kingdom, reign, realm, kingdoms, kingly
malkû
dominion (abstractly or concretely)
  • royalty, reign, kingdom
    • royalty, kingship, kingly authority
      • "kingdom"realm (of territory)"reign (of time)

כְּ בַ֥ר
כְּ
Prefix — preposition like, as
בַ֥ר
Root word son, old
Dictionary form: בַּר · bahr

Noun — Common, masculine singular, construct state "___ of …" — bound to the next word

In the KJV here: old
the son ×5 his son ×1 old ×1 one like the son ×1
More options
son — Most direct equivalent; prefer in familial or titular contexts.
child — Slightly broader; use when gender is ambiguous or inclusive.
descendant — Good for genealogical or dynastic passages.
heir — Highlights inheritance or succession nuance.
figure like a son — For visionary/symbolic uses, e.g. Daniel's 'one like a son'.

BDB9386 H1247 H1121 H1248 H1123

BDB9385 | BIBLICAL ARAMAIC | BDB9387

I. בַּר noun masculine son (ᵑ7 id.; Syriac , Mandean ברא NöM § 148, Old Aramaic, Nabataean, Palmyrene בר (and בן) Lzb242 f.; Sabean בר according to MordtmVOJ x. 154 f.; = בֵּן, = becoming ר, PhilippiZMG xxxii (1878), 36 ff. BrockSyr. Gr. § 76 and others; √ different from בן according to JHMich Thes K§ 63 and others; Biblical Hebrew בַּר Aramaism for בֵּן); — construct ׳ב Dan 3:25 +; suffix בְּרֵהּ Dan 5:22 plural construct בְּנֵי Ezra 6:9 +; suffix בְּנ֫וֺהִי Ezra 6:10; Ezra 7:23, בְּנֵיהוֺן Dan 6:25 —

1. son(s) Ezra 5:1; Ezra 5:2 (twice in verse); Ezra 6:14; Dan 5:22; Dan 6:25; Ezra 6:10; Ezra 7:23 בְּנֵי יִשְׂרָאֵל Ezra 6:16 = Israelites, בְּנֵי גָלוּתָא = captives vEzra 6:16; Dan 2:25; Dan 5:13; Dan 6:14 בַּראֱֿנָשׁ Dan 7:13 i.e. one of human kind, בְּנֵי אֲנָשָׁא men Dan 2:38; Dan 5:21 בַּראֱֿלָהִין Dan 3:25 a divine (or angelic) being (see Dr, and compare Biblical Hebrew Gen 6:2; Job 1:6); ׳בַּר שְׁנִין וגו Job 6:1 a son of 62 years = 62 years old (Biblical Hebrew בֵּן 9).
2. of bullocks, בְּנֵי תוֺרִין Ezra 6:9.

II. בַּר see ברר.

son, old
bar
a son, grandson, etc
  • son

שְׁנִ֖ין
שְׁנִ֖ין
Root word year, years
Dictionary form: שְׁנָה · sheh-NAW

Noun — Common, feminine plural, absolute state plural — usually add "-s"

In the KJV here: years
year ×5 years ×2
More options
year — Standard singular; most broadly applicable choice.
years — Use for plural forms in context.
annual period — Formal or technical contexts requiring precision.
season — When emphasizing cyclical or agricultural time reckoning.

BDB9599 H8139 H8140

BDB9598 | BIBLICAL ARAMAIC | BDB9600

I. [שְׁנָה] noun feminine sleep (ᵑ7 Syriac); — suffix שִׁנְּתֵהּ (K§ 12 d)) Dan 6:19. — II. [שְׁנָה] see [שְׁנָא].

BDB9974 H8140 H8139

BDB9973 | BIBLICAL ARAMAIC | BDB9975

I. [שְׁנָה] noun feminine year (see Biblical Hebrew שָׁנָה, √ I. [שָׁנָה]); — construct חֲדָה ׃שְׁנַת ׳שׁ = first year Ezra 5:13; Ezra 6:3; Dan 7:1 תַּרְתֵּין ׳שׁ Ezra 4:24 second year; שֵׁת ׳שׁ Ezra 6:15 plural ׳שְׁנִין שִׁתִּין וְת Dan 6:1 62 years; שַׂגִּיאָן ׳שׁ Ezra 5:11. — I. [שְׁנָה ] see ישׁן.

year, years
šĕnâ
year
  • year

שִׁתִּ֥ין
שִׁתִּ֥ין
Root word threescore
Dictionary form: שִׁתִּין · shit-TEEN

Adjective — Cardinal Number, both plural, absolute state plural — usually add "-s"; a number (one, two, three, …)

In the KJV here: being about threescore
thereof threescore ×2 being about threescore ×1 was threescore ×1
More options
sixty — Standard modern numeral; universally understood.
sixty in number — Adds explicitness when counting discrete items.
some sixty — Use when the text implies approximation or rounding.

BDB9938 H8361

BDB9937 | BIBLICAL ARAMAIC | BDB9939

שִׁתִּין noun indeclinable sixty; — ׳אַמִּין שׁ Ezra 6:3 (twice in verse); Dan 3:1 וְתַרְתֵּין ׳שְׁגִין שׁ Dan 6:1.

BDB9992 H8361

BDB9991 | BIBLICAL ARAMAIC | BDB9993

שִׁתִּין sixty, see שׁדת.

threescore
šittîn
sixty
  • sixty, threescore

וְ תַרְתֵּֽין
וְ
Prefix — connector and (sometimes: but, so, then)
תַרְתֵּֽין
Root word twelve, two, second
Dictionary form: תְּרֵין · teh-RANE

Adjective — Cardinal Number, both plural, absolute state plural — usually add "-s"; a number (one, two, three, …)

In the KJV here: and two
and two ×1 of twelve ×1 the second ×1 twelve ×1
More options
two — Core cardinal number; most broadly applicable rendering.
twelve — Use when combined with ten in Aramaic context.
second — Ordinal sense; use for sequential or ranked position.
a pair — Colloquial; emphasizes duality or togetherness of two items.

BDB10010 H8648

BDB10009 | BIBLICAL ARAMAIC | BDB10011

[תְּרֵין] noun masculine, תַּרְתֵּין (K§ 65, Anm. 1) feminine, two (so in Aramaic dialects generally (note Nabataean feminine תרתין over against Palmyrene תרתן Lzb388); see PhilippiZMG xxxii (1878), 21 ff.; adjective according to M§ 89 b); —

masculine only construct in תִּרֵי עֲשַׂר twelve, after noun masculine plural Dan 4:26; Ezra 6:17 feminine after noun feminine plural ׳שְׁנִין שִׁתִּין וְת Dan 6:1 years sixty and two; = ordinal, שְׁנַת תַּרְתֵּין Dan 4:24 second year.

BDB10019 H8648

BDB10018 | BIBLICAL ARAMAIC | BDB10020

[תְּרֵין], תַּרְתֵּין two, see תנא. above

BDB9251 H8648

BDB9250 | BIBLICAL HEBREW | BDB9252

תֶּ֫רַח proper name

1. masculine father of Abraham: (a kind of ibex (compare Assyrian turdâ—u, Arabic NöZMG xxxlii (1879), 331, Syriac capra cauca-sica), but against this NöZMG xl (1886), 167; proper name, of divinity JenZA vi. 70); — ׳ת Gen 11:25; Gen 11:26; Gen 11:27 (twice in verse); Gen 11:28; Gen 11:31; Gen 11:32 (twice in verse); Josh 24:2 תָּ֑רַת Gen 11:24; 1Chr 1:26 Θαρρα, ᵐ5L Θαρα. — See SelbieHast. DB TERAH.
2. location station on Exodus Journey Num 33:27; Num 33:28 Ταραθ.

תִּרְחֲנָה see רחן.

תָּרְמָה, תרמות, תַּרְמִית see [II. רמת].

twelve, two, second
tĕrên
two
  • two
    • two (as cardinal number)
      • "second (as ordinal number)"two (in combination with other numbers)

The cantillation accents are the Masoretes' punctuation: each group below ends at a pausing accent. Translate a group as one unit.
וְדָרְיָ֙וֶשׁ֙ Pashta — a lesser break מָֽדָיָ֔א Zaqef Qatan — a strong break קַבֵּ֖ל Tipeha — a lesser break מַלְכוּתָ֑א Etnahta — the verse's main pause — take a breath here כְּבַ֥ר שְׁנִ֖ין Tipeha — a lesser break שִׁתִּ֥ין וְתַרְתֵּֽין Silluq — end of the verse

וְדָרְיָוֶשׁ מָֽדָיָא קַבֵּל מַלְכוּתָא כְּבַר שְׁנִין שִׁתִּין וְתַרְתֵּֽין׃
31
And Darius the Median took the kingdom, being about threescore and two years old.
Cross References

Daniel 9:1

בִּשְׁנַת אַחַת לְדָרְיָוֶשׁ בֶּן-אֲחַשְׁוֵרוֹשׁ מִזֶּרַע מָדָי אֲשֶׁר הָמְלַךְ עַל מַלְכוּת כַּשְׂדִּֽים׃
1
In the first year of Darius the son of Ahasuerus, of the seed of the Medes, which was made king over the realm of the Chaldeans;

Daniel 6:1

שְׁפַר קֳדָם דָּרְיָוֶשׁ וַהֲקִים עַל-מַלְכוּתָא לַאֲחַשְׁדַּרְפְּנַיָּא מְאָה וְעֶשְׂרִין דִּי לֶהֱוֺן בְּכָל-מַלְכוּתָֽא׃
1
It pleased Darius to set over the kingdom an hundred and twenty princes, which should be over the whole kingdom;
Daniel 5:30
Read Daniel 5