Deuteronomy 12:7

וַ ֽאֲכַלְתֶּם

וַ

Prefix — connector and (sometimes: but, so, then)

ֽאֲכַלְתֶּם

Root word eat, eaten, devour, devoured, eateth, …

Dictionary form: אָכַל · aw-KAHL

Verb — Qal, Sequential Perfect (Weqatal), second person masculine plural simple action — "he did" carries the story forward — try "and he will ___" the built-in subject is "you (a group)"

In the KJV here: and ye shall eat

eat ×80 to eat ×35 shall eat ×28 and eat ×27 and ye shall eat ×15 be eaten ×15 and did eat ×14 eaten ×13

More options

eat — Most direct equivalent; fits nearly every context.

consume — Prefer when fire, plague, or destruction is the subject.

devour — Vivid; suits predators, enemies, or destructive forces.

feed on — Good for grazing animals or sustained, habitual eating.

dine — Elevated register; suits formal meals or honored guests.

ingest — Clinical/technical contexts; rarely needed in biblical prose.

BDB398 H398

אָכַל₈₀₆ verb eat (Arabic , Assyrian akâlu Dl^W, Aramaic אֲבַל, ) —

Qal Perfect אָכַל Exod 34:28 +; אָֽכְלָה Num 21:28 +; etc. Imperfect יאֹבַל Gen 49:27 +; וַיּאֹ֫כַל Gen 25:34 +; וַיּאֹכַ֑ל Gen 3:6 +; יאֹכֵ֑ל Lev 21:22 +; אֹכַל Gen 24:33 +; וָָֽאֹכַ֫ל Gen 27:33 וְאֹכֵ֑ל Isa 44:19 וָָֽאֹבֵל Gen 3:12; Gen 3:13 3 plural יאֹכְלוּ Gen 32:33 +; יאֹכֵ֑לוּ Deut 18:18 +; etc. (for יוֺכְלוּ Ezek 42:5 read יוצלו, יאצלו ᵐ5 Ew Co); suffix יאֹכְלֶנּוּ Lev 7:6 +; תּאֹבַלְכֶם Isa 33:11, etc., probably also תְּאָכְלֵהוּ Job 20:26, either as secondary form from ׳תּאֹ (Ew^{§ 253} Di) or textual error (Ges^{«GKC:68»§ 68}. 1) > Pi`el, Thes Kö^{I, 389}; or Po`el, Ki De MV; Imperative אֱכוֺל 1Kgs 18:41 +, etc.; Infinitive absolute אָכוֺל Gen 2:16 +; construct אֲכֹל Num 26:10 + 2 t.; לֶאֱכֹל Gen 24:33 +; לְאָכְלָה Jer 12:9 Participle אֹכֵל (אוֺכֵל) Gen 39:6 +, אֹכֶלֶת Exod 24:17 +, etc. —

1. eat, human subject Gen 3:11; Gen 3:18 + often; mostly with accusative Exod 16:35 +; also followed by מִןֿ (eat of, — some of, — or from) Exod 34:15; Ruth 2:14 +; followed by בְּ (eat of or at) Exod 12:43 f; absolute Deut 2:6 +; as act of worship Gen 31:54 (compare Gen 46:1) Exod 18:12; Exod 24:11; Exod 34:15; Deut 12:7; Deut 12:18; Deut 14:23; Deut 14:26 +; compare of priests Exod 29:32; Lev 10:13 +; compare אָבַל אֶלהֶֿהָרִים Ezek 18:6; Ezek 18:11; Ezek 18:15; Ezek 22:9 + Ezek 33:25 עַלהַֿדָּם Co עַלהֶֿהָרִים; (but RS^{Rel. Semitic i. 324 N would emend first 4 by last}); eat up, finish eating Gen 43:2 (with בלה) 1Kgs 13:28 +; אָכַל לֶחֶם = take a meal Gen 43:25; Exod 2:20; 1Sam 20:24; Jer 41:1 +; so ׳א alone Gen 43:16; 1Sam 20:5 +; לֶחֶם ׳א = eat, get food Gen 3:19; 2Kgs 4:8 +; Amos 7:12 (i.e. spend one's life) compare Eccl 5:16 ׳ל ׳לֹא א i.e. fast 1Sam 28:20; 1Sam 30:12; Ezra 10:6 compare Dan 10:3 figurative אֶתבְּֿשָׂרוֺ ׳א Eccl 4:5 (i.e. waste away); eat words Jer 15:16 (i.e. eagerly receive); of adultery, Prov 30:20 אָֽכְלָה וּמָֽחֲתָה פִּ֑יהָ וְאָֽמְרָה לֹאֿ פָעַלְתִּי אָֽוֶן׃; eat (taste) good fortune, בַּטּוֺב ׳א Job 21:25 לְפִּי אָבְלוֺ according to his eating, i.e. according to his needs in eating Exod 12:4; Exod 16:16; Exod 16:18 also vExod 16:21 compare Job 20:21 & below אָכְלָה; אָכַל הַפְּרִי 2Kgs 19:29; Amos 9:14, of peaceful enjoyment of results of labour; figurative of receiving consequences of action, good or bad Prov 1:31; Prov 18:21; Hos 10:13 compare וַיּאֹכַל גַּםאָֿכוֺל אֶתכַּֿסְפֵּנוּ Gen 31:15 i.e. he has reaped all the benefit, compare Hos 7:9 figurative of mourner, אֵפֶר כַּלֶּחֶם אָכָ֑לְתִּי Ps 102:10 (compare Ps 80:6 Hiph`il, & Assyrian akâl al âkul, bikîtum kurmatî = food I ate not, weeping (was) my refreshment Hpt^{ASKT 166 f.} Obsev. 1. 21, 22 Zim^{BP 34. 42}); of gods, partaking of sacrifices Deut 32:38 figurative = destroy Deut 7:16 (compare Num 14:9); compare Jer 10:25; Jer 30:16; Jer 50:7; Hos 7:7.

2. of beasts, birds, etc., eat, devour; Gen 37:20; Gen 37:33; Gen 40:17; Gen 40:19; 1Kgs 13:28; 1Kgs 14:11; 1Kgs 16:4; 1Kgs 21:23; 1Kgs 21:24; Hos 2:14 +; specifically of locusts Joel 1:4; Joel 2:25; 2Chr 7:13 compare Amos 4:9 moth Job 13:28 flies Ps 78:45 worms Deut 28:39 also Ezek 19:3; Ezek 19:6 (of Israel under figure of lion), compare Jer 50:7; Jer 50:17; Jer 51:34 also Hos 13:8 (of ׳י under fig, of lion), Ezek 22:25 (נֶפֶשׁ אָכָ֑לוּ, of false prophets under figure of lion).

3. figurative of fire, devour, consume Lev 6:3 (followed by 2 accusative consume offering to ashes) Nah 3:13; Isa 5:24 (in simile), particular of fire from ׳י Lev 10:2; Lev 16:25; Judg 9:15 f 1Kgs 18:38; 2Kgs 1:10; 2Kgs 1:12; 2Kgs 1:14; 2Chr 7:1 compare Amos 1:4; Amos 1:7; Amos 1:10; Amos 1:12; Amos 1:14; Amos 2:2; Amos 2:5; Amos 5:6 +; Deut 5:22 of fire at Sinai; of ׳י as fire (in judgment) Deut 4:24 אֱלֹהֶיךָ אֵשׁ אֹכְלָה הוּא ׳כִּי י; compare Deut 9:3; Isa 10:17 (|| בּער) Isa 30:27; Isa 30:30; Isa 33:14 (|| מוֺקְדֵי עוֺלָם).

4. of sword, devour, slay Deut 32:42; 2Sam 22:26; 2Sam 11:25; 2Sam 18:8; Hos 11:6; Jer 2:30; Jer 12:12 compare of devastation of land Isa 1:7; Jer 8:16.

5. in genl. devour, consume, destroy (inanimate subject) of drought Gen 31:40 of pestilence Ezek 7:15 of woods 2Sam 18:8 compare Lev 26:38 וְאָֽכְלָה אֶתְכֶם אֶרֶץ אֹיְבֵיכֶם; of הַבּשֶׁת Jer 3:24 (see בּשֶׁת).

6. figurative of oppression, devour the poor, etc. Prov 30:14; Hab 3:14 compare Ps 14:4 of bitter enmity לֶאֱכֹל אֶתבְּֿשָׂרִי Ps 27:2. (compare Job 19:22). Niph`al Perfect וְנֶאֱבַל consecutive Exod 22:5 Imperfect יֵאָכֵל Gen 6:21 +; וַיֵּאָכֵ֫ל Num 12:12, etc.; Infinitive absolute הֵאָבֹל Lev 7:18; Lev 19:7 Participle feminine נֶאֱכֶ֫לֶת Lev 11:47 —

1. be eaten by man Exod 12:46; Exod 13:3; Exod 13:7; Exod 21:28; Exod 29:34; Lev 6:9; Lev 6:16; Lev 6:19; Lev 6:23; Lev 7:6; Lev 7:15; Lev 7:16 (twice in verse); Lev 7:18; Lev 11:41; Lev 19:6; Lev 19:7; Lev 19:23; Lev 22:30; Lev 28:17; Ezek 45:21 of custom, usage Gen 6:21; Exod 12:16; Deut 12:22; Job 6:6 of permission to eat Lev 7:19; Lev 11:13; Lev 11:34; Lev 11:47 (twice in verse); Lev 17:13 with negative be uneatable Jer 24:2; Jer 24:3; Jer 24:8; Jer 29:17.

2. be devoured by fire, consumed Zeph 1:18; Zeph 3:8; Zech 9:4; Ezek 23:25.

3. be wasted, destroyed, of flesh Num 12:12; Jer 30:16. Pu`al Perfect אֻכְּלוּ be consumed with fire Neh 2:3; Neh 2:13 compare Nah 1:10 (figurative); so Participle אֻכָּל (= מְאֻכָּל Ew^{§ 169 d}) Exod 3:2 by sword Isa 1:20 תְּאֻכְּלוּ. Hiph`il Perfect 2 masculine singular suffix הֶאֱכַלְתָּם Ps 80:6, וְהַאֲכַלְתִּ֫י Isa 49:26 suffix וְהַאֲכַלְתִּיךָ consecutive Isa 58:14 הֶאֱכַלְתִּיח Ezek 16:19 וְהַאֲכַלְתִּים consecutive Jer 19:9 Imperfect suffix יַאֲכִלֵנוּ Num 11:4; Num 11:18, etc.; 2 masculine singular js. תַּאֲכֵל; 1 singular אוֺכִיל Hos 11:4 Imperative הַאֲכִילֵהוּ Prov 25:21, etc.; Infinitive לְהָכִיל Ezek 21:33 (but Co לההל, q. v.); Participle מַאֲבִיל Jer 23:15, etc.; —

1. cause to eat, feed with, followed by 2 accusative subject mostly ׳י; Exod 16:32; Deut 8:3; Deut 8:16; Ezek 3:2; Jer 19:9 absolute Hos 11:4 compare Num 11:4; Num 11:18 figurative Jer 9:14; Jer 23:15; Jer 58:14; also Ps 80:6 הֶאֱבַלְתָּם לֶחֶם דִּמְעָ֑ה (compare Ps 102:10 Qal above); followed by accusative of person + מן Ps 81:17, but also subject man Prov 25:21; 1Kgs 22:27; 2Chr 18:26 וְהַאֲכִלֻהוּ לֶחֶם לַ֫חַץ of prison fare; followed by accusative of person only 2Chr 28:15, compare Ezek 2:3.

2. cause to devour, object sword Ezek 21:33 (but on text see Co).

BDB9297 H398 H399

[אֲכַל] verb eat, devour (Biblical Hebrew); —

Pe`al Perfect 3 masculine plural אֲכַ֫לוּ Dan 3:8; Dan 6:25 Imperfect 3 masculine singular יֵאכֻל Dan 4:30 3 feminine singularתֵּאכֻל Dan 7:23 Imperative feminine singular אֲכֻּ֫לִי vDan 7:5 Participle feminine singular אָֽכְלָה, vDan 7:7 vDan 7:9 —

1. eat, of beast, Dan 4:30 (accusative of thing).

2. devour, of beast in vision, Dan 7:5 (accusative of thing), absolute vDan 7:7 vDan 7:19 hence figurative of kingdom, devour, devastate, vDan 7:23 (accusative of earth).

3. in phrase ק־רְצֵיהוֺן ׳א Dan 3:8 eat their pieces, i.e. slander them, compare Dan 6:25 (see קְרַץ).

eat, eaten, devour, devoured, eateth, …

ʾākal

to eat (literally or figuratively)

to eat, devour, burn up, feed

(Qal)

to eat (human subject)

to be eaten (by men)

to cause to eat, feed with

to feed

consume

שָׁ֗ם

Adverb there, thence, thither, where, therein, …

Dictionary form: שָׁם · shawm

Adverb

In the KJV here: there

there ×309 and there ×67 thither ×56 from thence ×50 thence ×32 where ×30 him there ×10 therein ×9

More options

there — Default spatial adverb; fits most contexts naturally.

in that place — More explicit; use when location needs emphasis.

to that place — Directional sense; use when movement toward is implied.

from there — Point of departure; replaces archaic 'from thence/thence'.

where — Relative clause contexts; links location to a preceding noun.

there in it — Renders the 'therein/within it' locative nuance.

BDB10005 H8536 H8033

תַּמָּה adverb there (so Egyptian Aramaic (RÉS^{361 B 5} [also תנה^{A 4}, so Cilician Aramaic, Cooke^{68. 5}, compare Palmyrene תנן ib.^{121. 3}, Syriac ] S-C^{A 4, J 6}); ᵑ7 תַּמָּן, Syriac , see Biblical Hebrew שָׁם); — Ezra 5:17; Ezra 6:1; Ezra 6:12 ׳מִןתֿ thence Ezra 6:6.

BDB8775 H8033 H3074

שָׁם adverb there, thither (Arabic there, compare then; Biblical Aramaic תַּמָּה, Egyptian Aramaic תמה S-C^{Pap. A 4, J 6}, ᵑ7 תַּמָּן (with demonstrative n, compare אֱדַיִן beside אֲזַי), Syriac ; Zenj^{Had. 8} (Cooke¹⁵⁹) שם); —

1. a. there Gen 2:8; Gen 2:12; Gen 11:2; Gen 11:7; Gen 11:31 + often; placed early in sentence for emphasis, Mic 4:10 שָׁם תִּנָּצֵ֑לִי, Nah 3:15; Ezek 32:22; Ezek 32:24; Ps 104:26 +, וְשָׁם ֗֗֗ Gen 41:12; Exod 15:27; Num 13:22; Num 13:33 +, שָׁם ֗֗֗ וְשָׁם Exod 15:25; Deut 12:14; Isa 27:10; Job 3:17 +, וְהִנֵּה שָׁם ֗֗֗ Gen 29:2, כִּי שָׁם ֗֗֗ Gen 11:9; Gen 21:31; Gen 35:7; 2Sam 1:21; 2Sam 15:21 +, אַךְ שָׁם ֗֗֗ Isa 34:14; Isa 34:15, גַּם שָׁם ֗֗֗ Isa 23:12; Isa 57:7; Ps 139:10 resuming a preceding 'where,' Job 39:30 בַּאֲשֶׁר חֲלָלִים שָׁם הוּא, Judg 5:27; Jer 22:12; Eccl 11:3, compare Eccl 1:7. Repeated, שָׁם ֗֗֗ שָׁם here ... there Isa 28:10; Isa 28:13. In poetry, pointing to a spot in which a scene is localized vividly in the imagination, Ps 14:5 שׁם פחדו פחד there feared they a fear! Ps 36:13, compare Ps 48:7; Ps 66:6; Ps 132:17; Hos 6:7; Zeph 1:14. — Hab 3:4 read probably (We Now) שָׂם the flashes at his side made he the hiding of his power; Eccl 3:17 שָׁם = with God, in the Divine plan or scheme: but read perhaps שָׂם Hi De and others
b. preceded by the rel., אֲשֶׁר שָׁם where, Gen 2:11; Exod 20:21; 1Sam 9:10 +, usually with one or more words between, Gen 13:3; Gen 13:14; Gen 19:27; Exod 29:42; 2Sam 11:16; 2Kgs 23:27 + often; after בַּאֲשֶׁר, בַּאֲשֶׁר הוּא שָׁם Gen 21:17. With אשׁר omitted (the relative being indicated by construct, Ges^{«GKC:130c»§ 130 c, d}) Ezek 39:11 מְקוֺם שָׁם קֶבֶר ׳בְּיִשְׂר a place where a grave (may be) in Israel, but ᵐ5 ᵑ7 Co Or and others read שֵׁם a place of renown.

2. thither, after verbs of motion ( = שָׁ֫מָּה, see 3), Deut 1:37 לֹא תָבאֹ שָׁם, Judg 19:15; Judg 21:10; 1Sam 2:14; 1Sam 9:6 and elsewhere; אֲשֶׁר ֗֗֗ שָׁם whither, 1Kgs 18:10; 1Kgs 21:18; 2Kgs 1:4; 2Kgs 1:6; 2Kgs 1:16; Isa 20:6, more often in Jeremiah, Ezekiel, as Jer 8:3; Jer 22:27; Jer 23:3; Jer 23:8; Jer 45:5 +, Ezek 4:13; Ezek 12:16; Ezek 36:20; Ezek 36:22 +; so שֶׁשָּׁם Ps 122:4.

3. with ה locative, שָׁ֫מָּה (sh¹mm¹h):
a. after verbs of motion, thither, Gen 19:20 לָנוּס שָׁ֫מָּה to flee thither, vGen 19:22; Gen 20:13; Gen 24:6; Gen 29:3; Deut 1:38 + often; = into it, therein (of a basket, pit, etc.), Exod 16:33 וְתֶןשָֿׁ֫מָּה מְלֹא הָעֹמֶר, Exod 21:33 וְנָפַל שָׁמָּה, Exod 30:18; Judg 8:25; 2Kgs 12:10 pregnantly, after a verb implying motion, as to bury, Gen 23:13 וְאֶקְבְּרָה אֶתמֵֿתִי שָׁ֫מָּה, Gen 25:10; Gen 49:31; Gen 50:5 (all P), נוֺעַד to meet Exod 29:42; Exod 29:43; Exod 30:6; Exod 30:36; Num 17:19 (all P), Josh 2:16; Josh 7:3; Jer 13:7; Joel 4:7, perhaps Song 8:5 (? c).
b. אֲשֶׁר ֗֗֗ שָׁ֫מָּה whither Gen 20:13; Num 33:54; Deut 4:5; Deut 4:14 + often; where 2Kgs 23:8; 1Chr 4:41.
c. more rarely, i. q. שָׁם there, Gen 43:30 וַיֵּבְךְ שָׁ֫מָּה, Josh 2:1; Judg 16:27; 2Kgs 4:11; 2Kgs 9:16; Hos 2:17; Isa 22:18; Isa 34:15; Isa 65:9; Jer 18:2; Jer 27:22; Ezek 23:3; Ezek 32:29; Ezek 32:30 (Ezek 32:22 vEzek 32:24 vEzek 32:26 שָׁם), Ezek 48:35 שָׁ֫מָּה ׳י, Ps 76:4; Ps 122:5; Eccl 3:16.

4. מִשָּׁם from there, thence:
a. often after verbs of departing, taking, etc., Gen 2:10; Gen 11:8; Gen 11:9; Gen 12:8; Gen 18:16; Gen 24:7; Gen 42:2, etc., Num 13:23; Num 21:12; Num 22:41 וַיַּרְא מִשָּׁם, Deut 4:29 וּבִקַּשְׁתֶּם מִשָּׁם, Deut 30:4; Jer 37:12; Hos 2:17; Amos 9:2; Amos 9:3; Amos 9:4; Job 39:29 +. Peculiarly, Gen 49:24 ׳מִשָּׁם רֹעֶה אֶבֶן יִשְׂר Ges De RVm from there [from heaven], (from) the Shepherd (׳י), the Stone (Rock) of Israel, Ew Di Sta from there (where is) the Shepherd of (רֹעֵה) the (Bethel-)stone of Israel; but both forced: text dubious; Gunk by the name (מִשֵּׁם; so ᵑ6) of the Shepherd, etc. (as Ew Di).
b. אֲשֶׁר ֗֗֗ מִשָּׁם whence Gen 24:5; Num 23:13 +.
c. expressing origin, Gen 3:23 the ground אֲשֶׁר לֻקַּח מִשָּׁם, Gen 10:14 whence (= from whom) came forth the Philistines, Judg 19:18 מִשָּׁם אָנֹכִי, 1Sam 10:12 אִישׁ מִשָּׁם, Isa 65:20.
d. of the mass, from which something is taken or made, Gen 27:9; Gen 30:32 (of צאֹן), Lev 2:2 ׳וְקָמַץ מִשָּׁם זגו (from the meal, etc., of a מנחה), 1Kgs 17:13 אַךְ עֲשִׁי לִי מִשָּׁם עֻגָה קְטַנָּה i.e. from the meal and oil, 2Kgs 7:2; 2Kgs 7:19 וּמִשָּׁם לֹא תאֵֹכל׃, Ezek 5:3.

there, thence, thither, where, therein, …

šām

there (transferring to time) then; often thither, or thence

there, thither

there

לִ פְנֵי֙

לִ

Prefix — preposition to, for

פְנֵי֙

Root word before, face, presence, because, faces, …

Dictionary form: פָּנִים · paw-NEEM

Noun — Common, both plural, construct state plural — usually add "-s"; "___ of …" — bound to the next word

In the KJV here: before

before ×796 the face ×55 from before ×53 his face ×53 because ×49 my face ×48 thy face ×39 before him ×38

More options

face — Most direct rendering; prefer for literal, physical contexts.

presence — Ideal for divine or royal encounter contexts.

countenance — Slightly elevated; suits emotional or expressive descriptions.

surface — Use for physical objects, land, or water (e.g. 'surface of the deep').

in front of — Best for spatial or positional prepositional phrases.

because of — Use when פָּנִים heads a causal prepositional phrase.

BDB4446 H3942 H6440

לִפְנָָֽי 1Kgs 6:17 see below [ פָּנֶה], פָּנִים.

BDB6680 H6440 H3942

[פָּנֶה], plural פָּנִים₂₁₂₃ noun masculine^{Prov 25:23} and (Ezekiel = Prov 21:21 = edge; on 2Sam 10:9 see below) feminine face, also faces (as turned toward one); — plural absolute פָּנִים Gen 32:31 +; construct פְּנֵי 2Sam 14:32 +; suffix 1 singular פָּנַי Gen 43:3 +; 3 masculine singular פָּנָיו Gen 4:5 +, פָּנֵי֑מוֺ Ps 11:7 (Kö^ll.1.446); 2 masculine pluralפְּנֵיכֶם Gen 40:7 +, etc.; — usually with verb plural, Gen 4:5; Gen 4:6; Exod 33:14 +; with verb singular Lam 4:16 (through influence of intervening ׳י, Ges^{«GKC:146a»§ 146a}), Prov 15:14 (but read פִּי, as Qr, see פֶּה); —

I. 1. face, faces (Jer 30:6; Ezek 27:35 +, compare Ezek 1:6; Ezek 10:14; Ezek 10:21 etc.):
a. literally, of man Gen 43:31; 2Sam 19:5; 1Kgs 19:13; Lev 13:14; Dan 8:18; Dan 10:9; Dan 10:15 +; ׳עוֺר פ Exod 35:29; Exod 35:30; Exod 35:35 pale (from alarm) Isa 29:22; Jer 30:6, flushed Isa 13:8; Ezek 21:3, compare Nah 2:11; Joel 2:6 tearful Isa 25:8; Job 16:16 sad, רעים ׳פ Gen 40:7, compare Neh 2:2; Neh 2:3, also ׳רֹעַ פ Eccl 7:8 i.e. sadness; ׳יֵּיטִב פ Prov 15:13 maketh glad the face; נָָֽפְלוּ פָנֶיךָ, Gen 4:5; Gen 4:6 why is the face fallen (in displeasure), compare 1Sam 1:18 (reading נָָֽפְלָה, נָָֽפְ לוּ, or הִפִּילָה); covered with shame Ezek 7:18, whence figurative of confusion, discomfiture Jer 51:51; Ps 69:8; Ps 83:17, etc.
b. of ׳י Exod 33:20, compare vExod 33:23.
c. פָּנִים אֶלפָּֿנִים face to face, of seeing (God) Gen 32:31, compare Judg 6:22, knowing Deut 34:10, judging Ezek 20:35, speaking Exod 33:11, and so ׳בְּפ ׳פ Deut 5:4 נִתְרֶאֶה פָנִים 2Kgs 14:8 see each other (in the) face = meet each other in battle, compare v2Kgs 14:11 = 2Chr 25:17; 2Chr 25:21.
d. of relations with ׳׃י ׳הֵרִים פ Ezra 9:6, in worship (see also נשׂא); in spiritual sense Jer 2:27; Jer 32:33 (פָּנָה אֵלַי עֹרֶף וְלֹא פָנִים); ׳לִדְרוֺשׁ י ׳נָתַן פ 2Chr 20:3 ׳נָתַן אֶתפֿ אֶלאֲֿדֹנָי Dan 9:3 הַבָּנִים קְשֵׁי פָנִים Ezek 2:4.
e. of ׳י himself, לֹא יָסִיר פָּנִיםִ מִכֶּם 2Chr 30:9 בְּעֹשֵׂי ׳פְּנֵי י רָ֑ע Ps 34:17 גַּעֲרַת פָּנֶיךָ Ps 80:17. — See further below

7. 2. a. = presence, person, of ׳י Exod 33:14; Exod 33:15, בְּפָנָיו Deut 4:37, מַלְאַךְ פָּנָיו Isa 63:9 לֶחֶם הַפָּנִים, see לֶחֶם; of ׳י's angry presence Lam 4:16; Ps 21:10 of Absalom 2Sam 17:11 in weakened sense, nearly = suffix (compare נפשׁ 4 a), Prov 7:15.
b. with ראה technically, see one's face, i.e. appear before one, in one's presence: before a man Gen 32:21 (+ 3 other uses of ׳פ), (God, with יראה pointed as Niph`al, see II 2); especially as privilege, = have access to, man of rank Gen 43:3; Gen 43:5; Gen 44:23; Gen 44:26, king Exod 10:28 (twice in verse) compare vExod 10:29 (all J), 2Sam 14:24 (twice in verse); 2Sam 14:28; 2Sam 14:32 compare 2Sam 3:13 (twice in verse); רֹאֵי פְנֵי הַמֶּלֶךְ 2Kgs 25:19 = Jer 52:25; Esth 1:14 implying favour of person seen, man Gen 33:10 (J), God vGen 33:10, compare Job 33:26 (Hiph`il), and, with חזה, Ps 11:7; Ps 17:15.

3. face of seraphim Isa 6:2, cherubim Exod 25:20 (twice in verse) = Exod 37:9 (twice in verse), Ezek 1:8; Ezek 1:11; 2Chr 3:13 +.

4. face of animals, פְּנֵי הַצּאֹן Gen 30:40 ׳אַרְיֵה וּפ ׳פ נֶשֶׁר ׳שׁוֺר ופ Ezek 1:10 (in descr. of cherubim), compare Ezek 10:14 אַרְיֵה ׳פ also 1Chr 12:8 (figurative), כְֿפִיר׳פ Ezek 41:19 ׳פִּתְחֵי פ Job 41:6 of crocodile.

5. face (= surface) of ground (הָאֲדָמָה) Gen 2:6; Gen 4:14; Gen 7:4; Ps 104:30 +, so הָאָרֶץ ׳פ Gen 1:29; Gen 7:3; Gen 8:9; Gen 11:4; Gen 11:8; Gen 11:9; Gen 19:28; Isa 24:1, תֵבֵל ׳פ Isa 14:21; Isa 27:6 of a field Prov 24:31 תְהוֺם ׳פ Gen 1:2 (twice in verse); Job 38:30, הַמַּיִם ׳פ Gen 7:18 רְקִיעַ הַשָּׁמַיִם׳פ Gen 1:20 כִֿסֵּה׳פ Job 26:9 i.e. of God's throne (but Bu reads כֶּסֶה fullmoon); הַלּוֺט ׳פ Job 25:7 see [ לוּט; לְבוּשׁוֺ ׳פ Job 41:5 the expanse of his [the crocodile's] coat; front (especially Ezek.), of house Ezek 41:14; Ezek 47:1, הַקֹּדֶשׁ ׳פ Ezek 41:21 of gate Ezek 40:6; Ezek 40:20; Ezek 40:22; Ezek 42:15; Ezek 43:4 of chamber Ezek 40:44 (twice in verse); Ezek 40:45; Ezek 40:46 of pot (סִיר) Jer 1:13 הַמִּלְחָמָה ׳פ 2Sam 10:9 battle-front = 1Chr 19:10 (verb agrees with ׳הַמּ in gender, Ges^{«GKC:146a»§ 146a}); = van of locust-army Joel 2:20 (opposed to סֹפוֺ); front, i.e. edge, of sword Ezek 21:21, of axe Eccl 10:10 = condition, state of a thing, as denoted by its appearance; of flock Prov 27:23 הַדָּבָר ׳פ 2Sam 14:20 the appearance (situation, attitude) of the affair.

6. as adverb of location מִפָּנִים וּמֵאָחוֺר 2Sam 10:9 before and behind = ׳וְֿ ׳פ 1Chr 19:10, also Ezek 2:10; 2Chr 13:14 פְּנֵי toward Song 7:5, also in front (to the East?) of 2Chr 20:16 (see לִפְנֵי d below); לְפָנִים forward Jer 7:24 (opposed to לְאחוֺר); מִלִּפְנִים 1Kgs 6:29 see פְּנִימָה; adverb temporal לְפָנִים formerly Deut 2:12; Deut 2:20; Josh 11:10; Judg 1:10; Judg 1:11; Judg 1:13 + 12 t.; מִלְּפָנִים Isa 41:26 from beforetime (|| מֵראֹשׁ).

7. for other phrases see: אוֺר verb Hiph`il 5; אוֺר n. 10; בּוֺשׁ Hiph`il; בקשׁ Pi`el 3; בּשֶׁת 1; [הַכָּרָה]; הָדַר 2; זָעַם Niph`al; זָעַף 1; הָבַשׁ 1 a; I. חָרָה I חָוַר; חָזַק Pi`el 5; II. חלה; IV. חמר; חָפָה; טָחַן; יָעַד Hoph`al; יְשׁוּעָה 3; כּוּן Hiph`il 3; כִּפֶּר 1; כָּסָה Pi`el 1, 2; מָאוֺר; מְגַמָּה p. 169; I. מוּל; מַשּׂא; [נָבַט] Hiph`il 3; נֶגֶד 1, 2 c; נֹכַח; נָכַר Hiph`il; נָפַל 3 b, and Hiph`il 5; נָשָׂא 1 b (3); נָתַן 2 b; סָבַב Hiph`il 1 a; סָתַר Hiph`il 2; I. עֵבֶר 2; עַז, עָזַז Hiph`il; עָמַד Hiph`il 6 a; II. עֻמָּה; [צָרַב]; [קָדַם] Pi`el; שִׂים; שׁוּב Hiph`il; שִׁית; II.שָׁנָה Pi`el; תֹּפֶת. II. פְּנֵי with prepositions: —

1. אֶלפְּֿנֵי:
a. to the presence of, Exod 23:17 pregnantly יֵרָאֶה ֗֗֗ אֶלפְּֿנֵי הָאָדוֺן shall appear (coming) to the presence of (= before) ׳י (|| Exod 34:23 ׳אֶתפְּֿנֵי הָא); with יָצָא = to confront 2Chr 19:2.

b. to the front of, after a verb of motion, Lev 6:7 הַמִּזְבֵּחַ ׳הַקְרֵב אֹתָהּ ֗֗֗ אֶלפְּֿנֵ, Lev 9:5; Lev 16:2; Num 17:8; Num 20:10.
c. towards or on the front of (אֶל = עַל), Ezek 41:4; Ezek 41:12; Ezek 41:15; Ezek 41:25; Ezek 42:2; Ezek 42:3; Ezek 42:7; Ezek 42:10; Ezek 42:13; Ezek 45:7; Ezek 48:21.
d. on to the surface of, Lev 14:53 וְשִׁלַּח ֗֗֗ אֶלפְּֿנֵי הַשָּׂדֶה, Ezek 16:5.

2. אֶתפְּֿנֵי close by (II. אֵת) the face or front of: hence
a. the presence of, 1Sam 2:11 עֵלִי ׳אֶתפֿ 1Kgs 12:6 who stood שְׁלֹמֹה ׳אֶתפֿ (compare לִפְנֵי 1Kgs 10:8), Esth 1:10; Prov 17:24 pregnantly (nisi וַיַּנִּחֵם leg., ᵑ6 ᵑ7 We Dr and others) 1Sam 22:4. Specifically ׳אֶתפְּֿנֵי י Gen 19:13 (1Sam 2:17), v1Sam 2:27; 1Sam 2:18 and with נִרְאָה of the appearance of all males at the three annual חַגִּים, Exod 34:23 הָאָדֹן ׳יֵרָאֶה כָּלזְֿכוּרְךָ אֶתפֿ, vExod 34:24; Deut 16:16 (compare Dr), Deut 31:11; 1Sam 1:22 (|| ׳י ׳אלפֿ Exod 23:17); so פָּנַי alone Exod 23:15 = Exod 34:20 (לֹא יֵרָאוּ פָנַי רֵיקָם), Isa 1:22, פָנֶיךָ Ps 42:3 (according to many, Ges^Thes Di^{Exod 23:15} Che^{Isa 1:12, critical note}, the verb in all these passages was originally Qal, afterwards pointed as Niph`al to avoid the expression see the face of ׳י); אֶתפָּֿנֶיךָ in thy presence Ps 16:10; Ps 21:7; Ps 140:14.
b. in front of, Gen 33:18. הָעִיר ׳וַיִּחַן אֶתפֿ, Lev 4:6 פָרֹכֶת הַקֹּדֶשׁ ׳אֶתפֿ ׳לִפְנֵי י vLev 4:17. — מֵאֵת פְּנֵי from before, see II. אֵת

4 a. 3. בִּפְנֵי: (a) in the face of, mostly in particular phrases, with hostile import: thus, with יָרַק to spit Num 12:14; Deut 25:9 התיצב to make a stand Deut 7:24; Deut 11:25, and עמד Josh 10:8, לֹא יַעֲמֹד אִישׁ בְּפָנֶיךָ Josh 21:42; Josh 23:9 עָנָה to answer (give evidence) against, Hos 5:5 וענה גאון ישׂראל בפניו, Hos 7:10; Job 16:8 וְנָקֹטוּ בִּפְנֵיהֶם = feel loathing against their own selves, Ezek 6:9, so Ezek 20:43; Ezek 36:31. (b) in front of, Ezek 42:12.

4. לִפְנֵי, properly at the face or front of, the most general word for in the presence of, before: as Gen 18:22 עֹמֵד לִפְנֵי אַבְרָהָם, Exod 4:21; Exod 11:10; 2Sam 2:14; Prov 17:18 + often; after a verb of motion, Gen 47:2 וַיַּצִּיגֵם ׳לפני פ and set them before Pharaoh, Gen 27:20 ׳כִּי הִקְרָה י לפני literally made (it) to meet before me (compare Gen 24:12), Exod 29:10; Prov 18:16 etc. In particular,
a. With the implication of
(a) under the eye or oversight of, Deut 25:2; 1Sam 3:1.
(b) under the eye and regard of, Gen 17:18 לוּ יִשְׁמָעֵאל יִחְיֶה לְפָנֶיךָ, Hos 6:2; Isa 53:2; Ps 61:8 compare Jer 30:20; Jer 31:36; Isa 66:22; Ps 102:29: also 1Sam 2:28; 2Sam 19:14.
(c) figurative for in (or into) the full (mental) view of, Gen 6:13 קֵץ כָּלבָּֿשָׂר בָּא לְפָנַי is come in before me, Lam 1:22 תָּבאֹ כָלרָֿעָתָם לְפָנֶיךָ, Jonah 1:2 עָֽלְתָה לְפָנַי (compare אֶל Gen 18:21; Exod 2:23), Isa 65:6 כְּתוּבָה לְפָנָ֑י, Jer 2:22 נִכְתָּךְ לְפָנָי (compare נֶגְדִּי Isa 47:12).
(d) openly before, 1Sam 12:2 הִתְהַלֵךְ לִפְנֵי, and with collateral idea of deserving (and receiving) regard 1Sam 2:35, especially ׳לפני י Gen 17:1 and elsewhere.
(e) in presence of the moon or sun, Ps 72:5; Ps 72:17, i.e. as long as they endure.
(f) free before, at the disposal of,Gen 13:9 הֲלֹא כָלהָֿאָרֶץ לְפָנֶיךָ (compare Gen 20:15; Gen 34:10; Gen 47:6; Jer 40:4; 2Chr 14:6), 2Chr 24:51; Song 8:12.
(g) in the sight (estimation) of, Gen 7:1 thee have I seen to be just before me, Gen 10:9 a mighty hunter before ׳י, Deut 24:4 ׳י ׳תּוֺעֵבָה ל, vDeut 24:13 ׳י ׳צְדָקָה ל, 1Sam 20:1 b, אָרוּר ׳י ׳ל Josh 6:26; 1Sam 26:19, ׳י ׳לְרָצוֺן ל acceptable before ׳י, Lev 1:3 +, Ps 19:15; 2Kgs 5:1 a great man לִפְנֵי אֲדֹנָיו, Prov 14:12; Ps 143:2 ׳וַיִּיטַב ל (late synonym of earlier בְּעֵנֵי) Neh 2:5; Neh 2:6; Esth 5:14 ׳טוֺב ל Eccl 2:26; Eccl 7:26 compare also נָתַן לְרַחֲמִים לִפְנֵי, see רַחֲמִים.
(h) ׳לִפְנֵי י, specifically of acts done with a solemn sense of ׳י's presence, often, but not always, at a sanctuary: Gen 27:7 that I may eat and bless thee before ׳י, before I die, Exod 18:12 to eat bread before God, Deut 1:45 ye wept before ׳י, Deut 6:25; Deut 12:7 (to eat, so vDeut 12:18; Deut 14:23; Deut 14:26; Deut 15:20), vDeut 15:12 (rejoice, so vDeut 15:18; Deut 27:7; Isa 9:2), Josh 18:6; Josh 24:1; Judg 11:11; Judg 20:23; Judg 20:26; Judg 21:2; 1Sam 7:6; 1Sam 10:19; 1Sam 11:15; 1Sam 12:7; 1Sam 15:33; 1Sam 23:18; 2Sam 5:3; 2Sam 7:18; 2Sam 21:9 and constantly in P, as Exod 16:9; Exod 16:33; Exod 16:34; Lev 1:5; Lev 1:11; Lev 3:1; Lev 3:7 etc.; of residents in Jerusalem Isa 23:18. So in ׳י ׳הָלַךְ ל 1Kgs 2:4 and elsewhere.
b. In other phrases: —
(a) עָמַד לִפְנֵי to stand before, i.e. wait upon, be in attendance on, Deut 1:38 and elsewhere (see עָמַד 1 e). Simil. הָיָה לִפְנֵי 1Sam 19:7 (compare 1Sam 29:8), 2Kgs 5:2 ׳עָבַד ל 2Sam 16:19.
(b) הִשְׁתַּחֲוָה לִפְנֵי to bow down before Gen 23:12; Deut 26:10; 2Kgs 18:22 and elsewhere (see below שָׁחָה; also נָפַל 3 b): so with הִתְפַּלֵּל to pray 1Sam 1:12 +; compare הלך פָני 1Kgs 12:30; 1Chr 21:30.
(c) to be smitten (נִגַּף) before a foe; see נָגַף Niph`al [contrast נוּס מִפְּנֵי: below 6 a]. So with נָפַל 1Sam 14:13 נָתַן (in helplessness or flight), especially in Deuteronomy, as Deut 1:8; Deut 1:21; Deut 7:2 (twice in verse); Deut 7:23; Josh 10:12; Josh 11:6 + (Dr^{DT lxxxii}): compare Judg 4:15; 2Sam 5:20; Isa 45:1; Jer 1:17.
(d) עָמַד לִפְנֵי to stand (make a stand) before (not quite so strong as בִּפְנֵי ׳ע, above 3), Exod 9:11; Judg 2:14; 2Kgs 10:4; Jer 49:19; Ps 76:8; Ps 147:17; Nah 1:6 so with הִתְיַצֵּב Deut 9:2; Josh 1:5; Job 41:2, קוּם Josh 7:12; Josh 7:13.
(e) in hostile sense (rare), יָצָא לִפְנֵי go forth to face 1Chr 14:8; 2Chr 14:9.
(f) לִפְנֵי (נָתַן) שִׂים, of food, to set or place before, Gen 18:8; Gen 24:33 +.
(g) נָתַן לִפְנֵי to set before, i.e. propound for acceptance or choice, usually of laws (especially Deuteronomy, Jeremiah), Deut 4:8; Deut 11:26; Deut 11:32; Deut 30:1; Deut 30:15; Deut 30:19; 1Kgs 9:6 (D²), Jer 9:12; Jer 21:8; Jer 26:4; Jer 44:10; , compare Ezek 23:24 (place at disposal of): so with שִׂים Exod 19:7; Exod 21:1.
c. With reference to position:
(a) in front of, before, especially with verbs of motion (with which נֶגֶד is hardly used), Gen 32:21 בַּמִּנְחָה הַהֹלֶכֶת לְפָנָ֔י that goeth before me, Gen 33:14 the cattle אֲשֶׁר לְפָנַי, Exod 17:5; Exod 23:20 etc.; in the description of a march or procession, Exod 13:21; Exod 13:22; Num 10:33; Isa 52:12; Isa 58:8 +; 2Sam 3:31 and wail before Abner (before his bier); of flocks before a shepherd Gen 32:18 of captives or booty driven before a conqueror 1Sam 30:20 (read וַיִּנְהֲגוּ לְפָנָיו We Dr), Isa 8:4; Isa 40:10 = Isa 62:11 וּפְעֻלָּתוֺ לְפָנָיו his recompence (i.e. his newly-recovered people, regarded as his prize of war) before him, Amos 9:4; Lam 1:5; Lam 1:6
(b) of a leader, etc. = at the head of, Deut 10:11; Judg 9:39; 1Sam 8:20; Mic 1:13 and elsewhere; compare בא ויצא לפני (העם) Num 27:17; 1Sam 18:13; 1Sam 18:16; 2Chr 1:10; Eccl 4:16 before whom (at whose head) he was.
(c) denoting superiority, before, above, Gen 48:20 וַיָּשֶׂם אתאֿפרים לפני מנשׁה, Job 34:19.
d. Of places (not very common): Exod 14:2 before Pi-hahiroth . . ., before Baal-zephon, Num 33:7b, Gen 23:17 מַמְרֵא ׳אשׁר ל (usually ׳על פני מ: see 7 a d), 1Chr 19:7; Neh 8:1; Neh 8:3 before the temple, veil, altar, etc., Exod 16:34 + הָעֵדֻת ׳ל, Exod 30:6 + הַפָּרֹכֶת ׳ל, Exod 40:5; Exod 40:6; Num 3:38; Num 7:10 and elsewhere (all P), 1Kgs 6:21; 1Kgs 7:49 +.
e. Of time, before: Amos 1:1: לפני הָָֽ רעַשׁ before the earthquake, Gen 29:26; Gen 30:30 לְפָנַי before me (i.e. before I came to thee), Exod 10:14 לפניו לא היה כן before it there was not the like, Num 13:22; 1Kgs 16:25; 1Kgs 16:30 מִכֹּל אֲשֶׁר לְפָנָיו, Isa 43:10; Isa 48:7; Prov 8:25; Job 15:7 etc. Sq. infinitive, Gen 13:10 ׳לִפְנֵי שַׁחֵת י before ׳י's destroying, etc., Gen 27:7 לִפְנֵי מוֺתִי, Gen 36:31; 1Sam 9:15 +. Once, in late Hebrew, לִפְנֵי מִזֶּה before this Neh 13:4. feminine In the manner of, like (rare and dubious), 1Sam 1:16 אַלתִּֿתֵּן אֶתאֲֿמָֽתְךָ לִפְנֵי בַתבִּֿלִיַּעַל like a worthless woman, Job 3:24 like my food, Job 4:19 they are crushed like the moth (compare Lat pro).

5. מִלִּפְנֵי₇₃ from before: —
a. from the presence of (properly, from a position before a person or object: to be distinguished from מִפְּנֵי; see 6):
(a) Gen 41:46 ׳ויצא יוסף מִלִּפְנֵי פ from before Pharaoh, Gen 47:10; 2Kgs 5:27; 2Kgs 6:32 +; ׳י ׳מל Gen 4:6 Cain went forth from before ׳י, Jonah 1:3; Jonah 1:10 specifically of the sanctuary, Lev 9:24 ׳ותצא אשׁ מלפני י (so Lev 10:2), קֶצֶף Num 17:11 (compare 2Chr 19:2), with לָקַח etc. Lev 16:12; Num 17:24; Num 20:9, 1Sam 21:7 the shew-bread that was removed from before ׳י; from before a place 1Kgs 8:54; Ezra 10:6; 2Chr 1:13,
(b) of taking, etc., from before a person, Gen 23:4 to bury my dead from before me, vGen 23:8; Exod 36:3; Deut 17:18 ׳וכתב לו מִשְׁנֵה התורה הזאת מל הכהנים from (the copy) before the priests, Deut 28:31 גָּזוּכ מלפניך.
(c) with בקשׁ Esth 4:8 [compare מִןקֳדָם Dan 2:18]; and to express the idea of proceeding from a person, Esth 1:19 [compare Dan 2:15], Eccl 10:5; 1Chr 29:12 הָעשֶׁר והכבוד מלפניך (compare Acts 3:19); Ps 17:2 מלפניך. יֵצֵא משׁפטי.
(d) of cutting off, etc., from before ׳י (compare לִפְנֵי a b, c), Lev 22:3; 1Kgs 8:25 לֹאיִֿכָּרֵת לְךָ אִישׁ, מִלְּפָנִי Jer 31:36; Jer 33:18; Isa 48:19: Ps 51:13 אַלתַּֿשְׁלִיכֵנִי מִלְּפָנְיךָ (compare 8 a); Jer 16:17 לֹא נִסְתְּרוּ מִלְּפָנַי, Jer 18:23; Neh 3:37.
(e) of expelling from before an invader, Exod 23:28; Deut 9:4; Deut 11:23; Deut 31:3 + (but much less common than מִפְּנֵי).
b. (Chiefly late) to express the source or cause, with the force of the לְ weakened, in cases where the earlier language would have used מִפְּנֵי: with verbs of fearing, 1Sam 18:12; Eccl 3:14; Eccl 8:12; Eccl 8:13; 1Chr 16:30 חִילִי מִלְּפָנָיו [|| Ps 96:9 מפניו], Ps 114:7 (twice in verse); Esth 7:6; 2Chr 32:7 ( + מפני); failing, etc., Isa 57:16; Ps 97:5 being humbled, 1Kgs 21:29 ( + מפני), 2Chr 32:12; 2Chr 32:23; 2Chr 34:27 [|| 2Kgs 22:19 מפני], 2Kgs 36:12 crying for help 1Sam 8:18 [compare מפני Exod 3:7], singing 1Chr 16:33 [|| Ps 96:13 לפני], fleeing 1Chr 19:18 [|| 2Sam 10:18 מִפְּנֵי].
c. of time, once, = לִפְנֵי Eccl 1:10. — With the later usages of ׳מל, compare מִן קֳדָם in Biblical Aramaic and ᵑ7 (Dr Sm^{lxx-lxxi, lxxiii}); see also Kö^{ii. 320.}

6. מִפְּנֵי from the face or presence of, from before, Exod 14:19 וַיִּסַּע עמוד הענן מִפְּנֵיהֶם removecl from before them, Isa 30:11; Hos 11:2 so
a. (often with suggestion of causation (see מִן 2 d, e, f), because of, for fear of [so AV RV Judg 9:21; 1Sam 21:11; 1Sam 23:26; (twice in verse); Jer 37:11; Jer 41:9; Jer 50:16]) after verbs of hiding Gen 3:8; Gen 4:14; Isa 2:10 (compare vIsa 2:19 vIsa 2:21); and especially of escaping, Judg 9:21 (Thes 'bene ᵑ9 ob metum A.'), 1Sam 18:11; 1Sam 19:10; 1Sam 23:26, or fleeing, Exod 4:3; Exod 14:25; 1Sam 17:24 + often (see בָּרַךְ and נוּס), and expelling, destroying, etc. Exod 23:30 אֲגָָֽרְשֶׁנּוּ מִפָּנֶיךָ I will expel them from before thee, Exod 34:11; Exod 34:24 אוֺרִישׁ גּוֺיִם מִפָּנֶיךָ (see הוֺרִישׁ), Lev 18:24; Deut 8:20; Amos 2:9; Ps 89:24 + often (as though clearing the way for Israel, for Israel's sake: compare Isa 63:12 בּוֺקֵעַ מַיִס מִפְּנֵיהֶם, Josh 2:10; Josh 4:23). Pregn. Isa 17:9 ׳כַּעֲזוּבַת ֗֗֗ אשׁר עזבו מפני בני ישׂר which they forsook (fleeing) from before, etc.
b. implying causation more distinctly. Ps 9:4 יאבדו מפניך perish from before thee or at the presence, Deut 7:20: very often with verbs of fearing, as גור, יגר, חיל, ירא, ערץ, פחד, קוץ Exod 9:30; Num 22:3 (twice in verse); Deut 1:17; Jer 5:22 etc. (mostly when the object inspiring fear is a person: when it is a thing, מִן alone is preferred; but see Deut 5:5; Deut 9:19); of being alarmed or dismayed Gen 45:3; Josh 2:9; Jer 1:17; Job 23:15, etc.; of humbling oneself Exod 10:3; Judg 11:33 +; with other words, to indicate the external ground of an action or effect, as הַס מִפָּנָיו be silent at (i.e. because of) his presence Zeph 1:7; Hab 2:20; Judg 5:5 the mountains flowed ׳מפני י at the presence of ׳י, Isa 63:19; Jer 4:26; Nah 1:5; Ps 68:3 as wax melteth מפני אשׁ; Deut 20:19; Isa 19:1; Isa 26:17 כן היינו מפניך so were we through thy presence (more than לפניך, — implying that their state was due to ׳י); קום מפני to rise up at the presence of Gen 31:35; Lev 19:32. (

N.B. In a, b, frequently rendered before in AV RV, and so confused with לפני; but the מִן retains always its full force in the Hebrew)
c. of the cause, whether nearer or more remote:
(a) Gen 6:13 מָֽלְאָה הָאָרֶץ חָמָס מִפְּנֵיהֶם because of them (i.e. occasioned by them), Gen 27:4 I loathe my life because of the daughters of Heth, Gen 36:7 the land could not support them because of their cattle, Gen 41:31; Gen 47:13; Exod 3:7 their cry by reason of their taskmasters, Exod 8:20 תִּשָּׁחֵת הָאָרֶץ מִפְּנֵי הֶעָרֹב, Exod 9:11; Josh 2:11; Josh 23:3; Judg 2:18; Judg 6:6; 1Kgs 5:17; 1Kgs 8:11 + often; Isa 10:27 (RVm), Jer 15:17; Ps 38:4; Ps 38:6, etc.; Jer 4:4 + מִפְּנֵי רֹעַ מַעַלְלֵיכֶם by reason of the evil of your doings, Jer 7:12; Jer 9:6; Jer 13:17; Jer 14:16; Jer 23:9 + often
(b) stating the reason for which a thing is not done (Latin prae,), 1Kgs 8:11; Job 37:19.
(c) with אֲשֶׁר as a conjunction, twice, because that, Exod 19:18; Jer 44:23. — Num 33:8 see פִּי הַחִירֹת.

7. עַלפְּֿנֵי (compare Phoenician עַל פְּנֵ, עלת פְּנֵ, Lzb³⁵²) has different meanings according to the different senses of the noun and the preposition: —
a. From the sense of face or front:
(a) in front of (more definite and distinct than לפני): Ps 18:43 as dust before the wind (compare לפני Ps 35:5; Ps 83:14 +), Gen 32:22 the present passed on עלפֿניו in front of him, Exod 33:19 אעביר כלטֿוּבי עלפֿניך,2Sam 15:18; 2Sam 15:23 (read עלפֿניו: see Dr), Job 4:15 = in the sight of, Lev 10:3 ועלפֿני כל העם אֶכָּבֵד, Jer 6:7 עַלפָּֿנַי תָּמִיד חֳלִי וּמַכָּה, Jer 13:26 (compare Nah 3:5), Ps 9:20 יִשָּֽׁפְטוּ גוים עלפֿניך before thee: defiantly, Job 1:11 אםלֿא עלֿ פניך יְבָֽרְכֶךָּ will renounce thee to thy face, Job 6:28 ועלפֿניכם אם אֲכַוֵּב, Job 21:31 to die in the presence of any one ( = in his lifetime) Gen 11:28; Num 3:4.
(b) before, to the exclusion of another, i.e. in preference to, Deut 21:16, and perhaps(Ew^{§ 217} l) Exod 20:3 (Deut 5:7) לא יהיה לך אלהים אחרים עלפֿני (Thes and others as c).
(c) in addition to, Job 16:14 פֶּרֶץעַלפְּֿנֵיפֶֿרֶץ יִפְרְצֵנִי.
(d) of localities, in front of, mostly (but not always: see GFM^{Ju., p. 351}) = east of, 1Kgs 6:3 the porch in front of, etc., v1Kgs 6:3; 1Kgs 7:6; 1Kgs 8:8; 2Chr 3:17; Ezek 42:8; Gen 16:12 עלפֿני כלאֿחיו ישׁכן (compare Gen 25:18 b), perhaps (Di and others) with collateral idea of defiance; מַמְרֵא ׳עַלפֿ Gen 23:19 (Gen 50:13), Exod 16:14 often in אשׁר עלפֿני ֗֗֗ Gen 25:9 (Gen 49:30), מצרים vGen 49:18 a (Josh 13:3; 1Sam 15:7), Num 21:11; Num 33:7 a, ירחו Deut 32:49 (Deut 34:1), Josh 13:3; Josh 13:25; Josh 15:8 (Josh 18:16), Josh 17:7; Josh 18:14; Josh 19:11; Judg 16:3; 1Sam 24:3 (probably), 1Sam 26:1; 1Sam 26:3; 2Sam 2:24; 1Kgs 11:7 (the Mt. of Olives, east of Jews.; so 2Kgs 23:13; Zech 14:4), Zech 17:3; Zech 17:5. — Gen 1:20 let fowl fly עלפֿני רקיע השׁמים in front of the firmament of heaven, namely as looked up to from below, i.e. between the firmament and the earth. (ε) with verbs implying direction, over towardas, Gen 18:16 וישׁקף עלפֿני סדם, Gen 19:28; Num 21:20 (Num 23:28) נשׁקפה עלפֿני הישׁימן overlooking; to sprinkle against the front of Lev 16:14 in a hostile sense (rare), Nah 2:2 עָלָה מֵפִיץ עַלפָּֿנַיִךְ, Ps 21:13; Ezek 32:10.

b. From the sense of surface, Gen 1:2 עלפֿני תהום upon the face of the deep, Exod 16:14 ׳המדבר עלפֿ: often in the phrases עלפֿני (כל) הארץ Gen 1:29; Gen 7:3 +, and (more frequently) עלפֿני האדמה on the face of the ground Gen 6:1; Gen 7:23 etc.; על פני השׂדה Lev 17:5; Num 19:16; 1Sam 14:25 +; after verbs of motion, 1Sam 11:4 lest we be scattered over the face of all the earth, v1Sam 11:8 v1Sam 11:9; Exod 32:20; Lev 14:7 (Lev 14:53 אל), Isa 18:2; Isa 19:8; Amos 5:8; Ezek 32:4; Job 5:10 +.

8. מֵעַלפְּֿנֵי
a. from before the face of, Gen 23:3 Abraham rose up מֵעַל פְּנֵי מֵתוֺ from before his dead, i.e. from mourning before or beside it; Psalms (פניו) מֵעַל פני from before my (his) face, often in Kings & Jeremiah of the rejection of Israel or the temple, as with שִׁלַּת 1Kgs 9:7 (|| 2Chr 7:20 השׁליך), Jer 15:1, השׁליד 2Kgs 13:23; 2Kgs 24:20 (Jer 52:3), Jer 7:15, נטשׁ Jer 23:39, הסיר 2Kgs 17:18; 2Kgs 17:23; 2Kgs 23:27; 2Kgs 24:3; Jer 32:31.
b. from of the surface of, often in the phrase מֵעַל פְּנֵי הָאֲדָמָה, with verbs of cutting off, removing, expelling, etc., Psalms; Gen 4:14; Gen 6:7; Gen 7:4; Gen 8:8; Exod 32:12; Deut 6:15; 1Sam 20:15; 1Kgs 9:7; 1Kgs 13:34; Amos 9:8; Jer 28:16; Zeph 1:2; Zeph 1:3.

BDB6683 H3942 H6440

לִפְנָ֑י 1Kgs 6:17, Ew^{§ 164 a} Ke as adjective, anterior, but read, with ᵐ5, לִפְנֵי הַדְּבִיד Th Sta Kit and others

before, face, presence, because, faces, …

pānîm

the face (as the part that turns); used in a great variety of applications (literally and figuratively); also (with prepositional prefix) as a preposition (before, etc.)

face

face, faces

before and behind, toward, in front of, forward, formerly, from beforetime, before

in front of, before, to the front of, in the presence of, in the face of, at the face or front of, from the presence of, from before, from before the face of

יְהוָ֣ה

Root word a name — transliterate it ("The lord")

Dictionary form: יְהֹוָה · yeh-hoh-WAW

Noun — Proper Name

In the KJV here: the lord

the lord ×2811 of the lord ×1522 and the lord ×457 unto the lord ×342 o lord ×222 am the lord ×158 lord ×67 to the lord ×60

More options

the LORD — Standard modern Bible convention; small-caps signal the divine name.

YHWH — Preserves the Hebrew tetragrammaton; used in scholarly translations.

Yahweh — Reconstructed pronunciation; preferred in academic and some modern versions.

the Lord — General rendering when small-caps convention is unavailable.

God — Use only where context clearly equates YHWH with generic deity.

the Eternal — Captures timeless-existence nuance; used in some progressive translations.

BDB2100 H3068 H3069 H1961 H430 H589 H2022 H6635

יהוה_{c. 6823} i.e. יַהְוֶה proper name, of deity Yahweh, the proper name of the God of Israel — (

1. ᵑ0 יְהוָֺה^C518 (Qr אֲדֹנָי), or יֱהוִֺה₃₀₅ (Qr אֱלֹהִים), in the combinations אדני יהוה & יהוה אדני (see אֲדֹנֶי), and with preposition בַּיהוָֺה, לַיהוָֺה, מֵיהוָֺה (Qr בַּאדֹנָי, לַאדֹנָי, מֵאדֹנָי), do not give the original form. ᵐ5 and other Vrss follow the Qr. On the basis of Exod 20:7; Lev 24:11 יהוה was regarded as a nomen ineffabile (see Philo^{de Vita Mosis iii. 519, 529}), called by the Jews הַשֵּׁם and by the Samaritans שׁימא. The pronunciation Jehovah was unknown until 1520, when it was introduced by Galatinus; but it was contested by Le Mercier, J. Drusius, and L. Capellus, as against grammatical and historical propriety (compare Bö^{§ 88}). The traditional Ἰαβέ of Theodoret and Epiphanius, the יָֿהוּ, יְהוֺֿ of compound proper name and the contracted form יָהּ all favour יַהְוֶךְ (compare יַהֲלֹמ֑וּן Ps 74:6 תַּהֲרוּ Isa 33:11), see Lag^{Sym i.14} Baud^{Studien i.179 ff.}; Dr^{Stud.Bib.i.1 ff.} For Jeve see Sta^{ZAW 1881, 346} De^{ib.1882, 173 f. & Gn. Excurs. ii.}

2. on literature of interpretations see Nes^Eg.67 Dr^{l.c. — Many recent scholars explain} יַהְוֶה as Hiph`il of היה (=היה) the one bringing into being, life-giver (compare חַוָּה Gen 3:20) Schr HSch; giver of existence, creator, Kue Tiele; he who brings to pass (so already Le Clerc),performer of his promises, Lag, Nes^Eg.88 (but Nes^{Eg.91 inclines to Qal as} RS^{Brit. & For. Ev. Rev} see below); or from היה he who causes to fall, rain or lightning RS^{OTJC.ed.1, 423; om.ed.2, 245}, compare We^{Skizzen iii.175}; 'Fäller,' destroying foes, Sta^G.i.429 (dubiously). But most take it as Qal of הוה (= היה); the one who is: i.e. the absolute and unchangeable one, Ri; the existing, ever living, as self-consistent and unchangeable, Di; or the one ever coming into manifestation as the God of redemption, De Oehl; compare also RS^{Brit. & For. Ev. Rev. 1876}, he will be it, i.e all that his servants look for (compare Ew^infr), he will approve himself (give evidence of being, assert his being Dr^l.c.17)).

**Theories of non-Hebrew or non-Semitic origin, opposed (in their older forms) by Bau^{Rel. i. 181 ff. (see especially 230)}; Dl^{Pa 162 ff.} claimed Babylonian origin for יהו, against this Kue^{national Religions, etc., Note iv (Eng. Trans. 329 ff.)} Jastr^{JBL xiil {1894}, 103 f.} compare Hpt^{BAS i. 170 N}; Dl^{Babel u. Bibel, 46 f., 73 f.} makes same claim for יהוה, against this see especially Hirsch^{ZAW xxiil {1903}, 355 ff.} Zim^{KATS. 465 ff.}; Spiegelb^{ZMG:liii {1899}, 633 ff.} proposes (improbable) Egyptian etymology for יהוה; further discussions see in Kö^{EB NAMES, § 112 and n.3}. 'Jehovah' found in Jacob (? Johannes) Wessel († 1480), according to Schw^{ThLZ, 1905, col. 612}.

I. יהוה is not used by E in Genesis, but is given Exod 3:12-15 as the name of the God who revealed Himself to Moses at Horeb, and is explained thus : אֶהְיֶה עִמָּ֑ךְ I shall be with thee (Exod 3:12), which is then implied in אֶהְיֶה אֲשֶׁר אֶהְיֶה I shall be the one who will be it vExod 3:14a (i.e: with thee vExod 3:12) and then compressed into אֶהְיֶה vExod 3:14b (i.e. with thee vExod 3:12), which then is given in the nominal form יהוה He who will be it vExod 3:15 (i.e. with thee vExod 3:12). compare Ew^{BTh ii. 337, 338} RS^{l.c., Proph. 385 ff.} Other interpretations are: I am he who I am, i.e. it is no concern of yours (Le Clerc Lag^{Psalt.Hieron.156}); I am (this is my name), inasmuch as I am (אֲשֶׁר = כִּי; AE JDMich We^JD Th xxi, 540 = compare Hexateuch 72); Di and others I am who I am, he who is essentially unnameable, inexplicable, — E uses יהוה sparingly by the side of אלהים and האלהים in his subsequent narrative. The Ephraimitic writers in Judges Samuel Kings use it in similar proportions. P abstains from the use of יהוה until he gives an account of its revelation to Moses Exod 6:3 but subsequently uses it freely. He gives no explanation of its meaning. He represents that אֵל שַׁדַּי was the God of the patriarchs. J uses יהוה from the beginning of his narrative, possibly explaining it, Gen 21:83 by אל עולם, the evergreen tamarisk being a symbol of the ever-living God; compare De Gen 21:33. Elsewhere יהוה is the common divine name in pre-exilic writers, but in post-exilic writers gradually falls into disuse, and is supplanted by אלהים and אדני. In Job it is used 31 t. in prose parts, and Job 12:9 (a proverb); not elsewhere in the poem. Chronicles apart from his sources prefers אלהים and האלהים. Daniel uses יהוה only in chap. 9 (7 t.); Ecclesiastes not at all. In the Elohistic group of Psalm 42-83 it is used 39 t. (see אלהים) . It occurs as the name of Israel's God MI¹⁸. It is doubtful whether it was used by other branches of the Shemitic family, compare COT Gen 2:4b Dl^{Pa 158 ff.} Dr^{Stud. Bib. i. 7 ff}.

II. 1. יהוה is used with אלהים and suffixes, especially in D;
a. with אֱלֹהֶיךָ in the Ten Words Exod 20:2-12 (5 t.) = Deut 5:6-16 in the law of worship of J E, Exod 23:19; Exod 34:24; Exod 34:26 in D 234 t.; Josh 1:9; Josh 1:17; Josh 9:9; Josh 9:24 (D²); elsewhere Gen 27:20; Exod 15:26 (JE), Judg 6:26 Samuel & Kings 20 t.; 1Chr 11:2; 1Chr 22:11; 1Chr 22:12; 2Chr 9:8 (twice in verse); 2Chr 16:7; Isa 7:11; Isa 37:4 (twice in verse); Isa 41:13; Isa 43:3; Isa 51:15; Isa 55:5; Jer 40:2 + (3t.); Hos 12:10; Hos 13:4; Hos 14:2; Amos 9:15; Ps 81:11.
b. with אֱלֹהֵיכֶם in D 46 t.; D² 28 t.; H 15 t.; P 15 t.; elsewhere Exod 23:25 (E); Exod 8:24; Exod 10:8; Exod 10:16; Exod 10:17 (JE); Judg 6:10; 1Sam 12:12; 1Sam 12:14; 2Kgs 17:39; 2Kgs 23:21; 1Chr 22:18 + (10 t. Chronicles) Ps 76:12; Jer 13:16 + (5 t.) Ezek 20:5; Ezek 20:7; Ezek 20:19; Ezek 20:20; Joel 2:13 + (6 t.) Zech 6:15.
c. with אֱלֹהֵינוּ in D 23 t.; in D² 5 t.; Exod 8:6 (JE) Exod 3:18; Exod 5:3; Exod 8:22; Exod 8:23; Exod 10:25; Exod 10:26 (E) Judg 11:24; 1Sam 7:8; 1Kgs 8:57; 1Kgs 8:59; 1Kgs 8:61; 1Kgs 8:65; 2Kgs 18:22; 2Kgs 19:10 = Isa 36:7; Isa 37:20; 1Chr 13:2 + (15 t. Chronicles) Mic 4:5; Mic 7:17; Isa 26:13; Jer 3:22 + (17 t.) Ps 20:8; Ps 90:17 (?;Baer אֲדנָֹי); Ps 94:23; Ps 99:5; Ps 99:8; Ps 99:9 (twice in verse); Ps 105:7; Ps 106:47; Ps 113:5; Ps 122:9; Ps 123:2; Dan 9:10; Dan 9:13; Dan 9:14.
d. with אֱלֹהֵיהֶם Exod 10:7 (J) Exod 29:46 (twice in verse); Lev 26:44 (P) Judg 3:7; Judg 8:34; 1Sam 12:9; 1Kgs 9:9; 2Kgs 17:7; 2Kgs 17:9; 2Kgs 17:14; 2Kgs 17:16; 2Kgs 17:19; 2Kgs 18:12; 2Chr 31:6; 2Chr 33:17; 2Chr 34:33; Neh 9:3 (twice in verse); Neh 9:4; Jer 3:21; Jer 22:9; Jer 30:9; Jer 43:1 (twice in verse); Jer 50:4; Ezek 28:26; Ezek 34:30; Ezek 39:22; Ezek 39:28; Hos 1:7; Hos 3:5; Hos 7:10; Zeph 2:7; Hag 1:12 (twice in verse); Zech 9:16; Zech 10:6.
e. with אֱלֹהָיו Num 23:21 (E) Exod 32:11 (J) Lev 4:22 (P) Deut 17:19; Deut 18:7; 1Sam 30:6; 1Kgs 5:17; 1Kgs 11:4; 1Kgs 15:3; 1Kgs 15:4; 1Kgs 2:11; 1Kgs 16:2; 1Kgs 2:1 + 13 t. Chronicles; Mic 5:3; Jer 7:28; Ps 33:12; Ps 144:15; Ps 146:5; Jonah 2:2. feminine with אֱלֹהַי Num 22:18 (JE) Deut 4:5; Deut 18:16; Deut 26:14; Josh 14:8; Josh 14:9; 2Sam 24:24; 1Kgs 3:7; 1Kgs 5:18; 1Kgs 5:19; 1Kgs 8:28; 1Kgs 17:20; 1Kgs 17:21; 1Chr 21:17; 1Chr 22:7; 2Chr 2:3; 2Chr 6:19; 2Chr 9:5; Ps 7:2; Ps 7:4; Ps 13:4; Ps 18:29; Ps 30:3; Ps 30:13; Ps 35:24; Ps 40:6; Ps 104:1; Ps 109:26; Isa 25:1; Jer 31:18; Dan 9:4; Dan 9:20; Jonah 2:7; Hab 1:12; Zech 11:4; Zech 13:9; Zech 14:5.
g. with אֱלֹהַיִךְ Isa 60:9; Jer 2:17; Jer 2:19; Jer 3:13; Mic 7:10; Zeph 3:17.
h. with אלהים, probably always due to later editors, or to a Qr which has crept into the text Gen 2:4b — Gen 3:23 (J, 20 t. either אלהים inserted by R^P as Di De; or יהוה inserted by J in an older source); Exod 9:30 (J, but not in ᵐ5 ⅏; Samaritan אדני יהוה; possibly ᵑ0 from earlier Qr, & ⅏ from later Qr); 2Sam 7:22; 2Sam 7:25 (ᵐ5 אדני יהוה and 1Chr 17:20-23 only יהוה); 1Chr 17:16; 1Chr 17:17 (but 2Sam 7:18; 2Sam 7:19 אדני יהוה) 1Chr 28:20; 1Chr 29:1; 2Chr 1:9; 2Chr 6:41 (twice in verse); 2Chr 6:42; 2Chr 26:18 (but in the original Ps 132:8 stood יהוה (so ℌ), or else no divine name); Ps 72:18 (the late doxology) Ps 84:12 (but it makes the line too long); Jonah 4:6. For the combinations with other divine names see those names.

2. the phrase אֲנִי יהוה is noteworthy: —
a. after אמר either alone Exod 6:2; Exod 6:29 (P) or before relative and other clauses: Gen 28:13 (J) Gen 15:7 (R) Exod 6:6 (P) with אלהיכם Judg 6:10; Ezek 20:5.
b. after ידע כי (α) Exod 7:17; Exod 8:18; Exod 10:2 (J); Exod 7:5; Exod 14:4; Exod 14:18 (P); 1Kgs 20:13; 1Kgs 20:28; Jer 24:7; Ezek 6:7 + 48 t. Ezekiel; (β) with אלהיכם Exod 6:7; Exod 16:12; Deut 29:5 (P) Exod 20:20; Joel 4:17 (γ) with אלהיהם Exod 29:46 (P) Ezek 28:26; Ezek 34:30; Ezek 39:22; Ezek 39:28 (δ) before relative and other clauses Isa 45:3; Isa 49:23; Isa 49:26; Isa 60:16; Ezek 7:9; Ezek 17:24; Ezek 21:10; Ezek 22:22; Ezek 35:12; Ezek 36:36 (ε) with various forms of קדשׁ Exod 31:13 (P) Ezek 20:12; Ezek 37:28; Ezek 39:7 (ζ) with דברתי Ezek 5:13; Ezek 17:21, compare ׳יֵדְעוּ אשׁר אני י Ezek 20:26.
c. after כִּי in various combinations Lev 11:44; Lev 11:45; Num 35:34 (P), Lev 20:7; Lev 20:26; Lev 21:8; Lev 21:15; Lev 21:23; Lev 22:16; Lev 24:22; Lev 25:17; Lev 26:1; Lev 26:44 (all H); Exod 15:26 (R) Isa 41:13; Isa 43:3; Isa 61:8; Jer 9:23; Ezek 12:25; Ezek 21:4; Zech 10:6; Mal 3:6.
d. emphatic Exod 6:8; Exod 12:12; Lev 26:2; Lev 26:45; Num 3:13; Num 3:41; Num 3:45 (all P); Lev 18:5; Lev 18:6; Lev 18:21; Lev 19:12; Lev 19:14; Lev 19:16; Lev 19:18; Lev 19:28; Lev 19:30; Lev 19:32; Lev 19:37; Lev 21:12; Lev 22:2; Lev 22:3; Lev 22:8; Lev 22:30; Lev 22:31; Lev 22:33 (all H) Isa 43:15 with אלהיהם Exod 29:46 with אלהיךָ Isa 48:17 with אלהיכם Lev 23:43; Lev 25:38; Lev 25:55; Num 10:10; Num 15:41 (twice in verse) (P) Lev 18:2; Lev 18:4; Lev 18:30; Lev 19:2; Lev 19:3; Lev 19:4; Lev 19:10; Lev 19:25; Lev 19:31; Lev 19:34; Lev 19:36; Lev 20:24; Lev 23:22; Lev 26:13 (all H) Ezek 20:7; Ezek 20:19; Joel 2:27 with מְקַדֵּשׁ Lev 20:8; Lev 22:9; Lev 22:32 (H), with דברתי Num 14:35 (P) Ezek 5:15 + (11 t. Ezekiel); with clauses Isa 27:3; Isa 41:4; Isa 41:17; Isa 42:6; Isa 42:8; Isa 45:5; Isa 45:6; Isa 45:7; Isa 45:8; Isa 45:18; Isa 45:19; Isa 45:21; Isa 60:22; Jer 17:10; Jer 32:27; Ezek 14:4; Ezek 14:7; Ezek 14:9; Ezek 34:24 אָנֹכִי יהוה is used in the Ten Words Exod 20:2; Exod 20:5 = Deut 5:6; Deut 5:9 cited Ps 81:11; Hos 12:10; Hos 13:4 elsewhere only Exod 4:11 (J) Isa 43:11; Isa 44:24; Isa 51:15.

3. יהוה is also used with several predicates, to form sacred names of holy places of Yahweh יהוה יראה Gen 22:14 (J); יהוה נסי Exod 17:15 (E) יהוה שׁלים Judg 6:24 יהוה צדקנו Jer 33:16 (compare Jer 23:6 where it is applied to the Messiah); יהוה שָׁ֑מָּה Ezek 48:35. — On combinations such as ׳הַר י, צְבָאוֺת ׳י etc., see הַר, צָבָא, etc.

Note. — Bonk^{ZAW 1891, 126 ff.} seems to shew that as prefix, in compare proper name, יְהוֺ is the oldest and the latest form and that יוֺ is intermediate, belonging to the earlier post-exilic period until the time of Chronicles; occasional copyists' mistakes being taken into the account.

BDB3475 H3068

׳יְהוֺ proper name compounded with, see below יהוה above.

BDB3483 H3068 H3069

יהוה proper name, of deity, see below הוה.

BDB3489 H3068 H3097

׳יו = ׳יְהוֺ proper name compounded with, see below יהוה above: — namely יוֺאָב, יוֺאָח, יוֺאָחָז, יוֺאֵל, יוֺאָשׁ, יוֺיָכִין, יוֺיָקִים, יוֺיָרִיב, יוֺעֵד, יוֺעָשׁ, יוֺקִים, יוֺרָם, יוֺתָם, etc.

lord, lords, god, jehovah, jehovah-jireh, …

yĕhōwâ

the existing One

(the) self-Existent or Eternal; Jeho-vah, Jewish national name of God

the proper name of the one true God

unpronounced except with the vowel pointings of H0136

אֱלֹֽהֵי כֶ֔ם

אֱלֹֽהֵי

Root word god, gods, judges, great, goddess, …

כֶ֔ם

Suffix — pronoun your / you (a group)

Dictionary form: אֱלֹהִים · eh-loh-HEEM

Noun — Common, masculine plural, construct state plural — usually add "-s"; "___ of …" — bound to the next word

In the KJV here: your god

god ×587 thy god ×320 of god ×316 your god ×162 our god ×116 the god ×110 gods ×95 their god ×62

More options

God — Preferred for the God of Israel; singular context.

gods — Use for polytheistic or plural divine beings.

deity — Neutral, academic tone; suits comparative religion contexts.

divine being — Emphasizes nature over identity; good for ambiguous referents.

judge — Use when context is legal or judicial authority.

mighty one — Captures intensifying plural; rare angelic or hero contexts.

BDB2100 H3068 H3069 H1961 H430 H589 H2022 H6635

יהוה_{c. 6823} i.e. יַהְוֶה proper name, of deity Yahweh, the proper name of the God of Israel — (

1. ᵑ0 יְהוָֺה^C518 (Qr אֲדֹנָי), or יֱהוִֺה₃₀₅ (Qr אֱלֹהִים), in the combinations אדני יהוה & יהוה אדני (see אֲדֹנֶי), and with preposition בַּיהוָֺה, לַיהוָֺה, מֵיהוָֺה (Qr בַּאדֹנָי, לַאדֹנָי, מֵאדֹנָי), do not give the original form. ᵐ5 and other Vrss follow the Qr. On the basis of Exod 20:7; Lev 24:11 יהוה was regarded as a nomen ineffabile (see Philo^{de Vita Mosis iii. 519, 529}), called by the Jews הַשֵּׁם and by the Samaritans שׁימא. The pronunciation Jehovah was unknown until 1520, when it was introduced by Galatinus; but it was contested by Le Mercier, J. Drusius, and L. Capellus, as against grammatical and historical propriety (compare Bö^{§ 88}). The traditional Ἰαβέ of Theodoret and Epiphanius, the יָֿהוּ, יְהוֺֿ of compound proper name and the contracted form יָהּ all favour יַהְוֶךְ (compare יַהֲלֹמ֑וּן Ps 74:6 תַּהֲרוּ Isa 33:11), see Lag^{Sym i.14} Baud^{Studien i.179 ff.}; Dr^{Stud.Bib.i.1 ff.} For Jeve see Sta^{ZAW 1881, 346} De^{ib.1882, 173 f. & Gn. Excurs. ii.}

2. on literature of interpretations see Nes^Eg.67 Dr^{l.c. — Many recent scholars explain} יַהְוֶה as Hiph`il of היה (=היה) the one bringing into being, life-giver (compare חַוָּה Gen 3:20) Schr HSch; giver of existence, creator, Kue Tiele; he who brings to pass (so already Le Clerc),performer of his promises, Lag, Nes^Eg.88 (but Nes^{Eg.91 inclines to Qal as} RS^{Brit. & For. Ev. Rev} see below); or from היה he who causes to fall, rain or lightning RS^{OTJC.ed.1, 423; om.ed.2, 245}, compare We^{Skizzen iii.175}; 'Fäller,' destroying foes, Sta^G.i.429 (dubiously). But most take it as Qal of הוה (= היה); the one who is: i.e. the absolute and unchangeable one, Ri; the existing, ever living, as self-consistent and unchangeable, Di; or the one ever coming into manifestation as the God of redemption, De Oehl; compare also RS^{Brit. & For. Ev. Rev. 1876}, he will be it, i.e all that his servants look for (compare Ew^infr), he will approve himself (give evidence of being, assert his being Dr^l.c.17)).

**Theories of non-Hebrew or non-Semitic origin, opposed (in their older forms) by Bau^{Rel. i. 181 ff. (see especially 230)}; Dl^{Pa 162 ff.} claimed Babylonian origin for יהו, against this Kue^{national Religions, etc., Note iv (Eng. Trans. 329 ff.)} Jastr^{JBL xiil {1894}, 103 f.} compare Hpt^{BAS i. 170 N}; Dl^{Babel u. Bibel, 46 f., 73 f.} makes same claim for יהוה, against this see especially Hirsch^{ZAW xxiil {1903}, 355 ff.} Zim^{KATS. 465 ff.}; Spiegelb^{ZMG:liii {1899}, 633 ff.} proposes (improbable) Egyptian etymology for יהוה; further discussions see in Kö^{EB NAMES, § 112 and n.3}. 'Jehovah' found in Jacob (? Johannes) Wessel († 1480), according to Schw^{ThLZ, 1905, col. 612}.

I. יהוה is not used by E in Genesis, but is given Exod 3:12-15 as the name of the God who revealed Himself to Moses at Horeb, and is explained thus : אֶהְיֶה עִמָּ֑ךְ I shall be with thee (Exod 3:12), which is then implied in אֶהְיֶה אֲשֶׁר אֶהְיֶה I shall be the one who will be it vExod 3:14a (i.e: with thee vExod 3:12) and then compressed into אֶהְיֶה vExod 3:14b (i.e. with thee vExod 3:12), which then is given in the nominal form יהוה He who will be it vExod 3:15 (i.e. with thee vExod 3:12). compare Ew^{BTh ii. 337, 338} RS^{l.c., Proph. 385 ff.} Other interpretations are: I am he who I am, i.e. it is no concern of yours (Le Clerc Lag^{Psalt.Hieron.156}); I am (this is my name), inasmuch as I am (אֲשֶׁר = כִּי; AE JDMich We^JD Th xxi, 540 = compare Hexateuch 72); Di and others I am who I am, he who is essentially unnameable, inexplicable, — E uses יהוה sparingly by the side of אלהים and האלהים in his subsequent narrative. The Ephraimitic writers in Judges Samuel Kings use it in similar proportions. P abstains from the use of יהוה until he gives an account of its revelation to Moses Exod 6:3 but subsequently uses it freely. He gives no explanation of its meaning. He represents that אֵל שַׁדַּי was the God of the patriarchs. J uses יהוה from the beginning of his narrative, possibly explaining it, Gen 21:83 by אל עולם, the evergreen tamarisk being a symbol of the ever-living God; compare De Gen 21:33. Elsewhere יהוה is the common divine name in pre-exilic writers, but in post-exilic writers gradually falls into disuse, and is supplanted by אלהים and אדני. In Job it is used 31 t. in prose parts, and Job 12:9 (a proverb); not elsewhere in the poem. Chronicles apart from his sources prefers אלהים and האלהים. Daniel uses יהוה only in chap. 9 (7 t.); Ecclesiastes not at all. In the Elohistic group of Psalm 42-83 it is used 39 t. (see אלהים) . It occurs as the name of Israel's God MI¹⁸. It is doubtful whether it was used by other branches of the Shemitic family, compare COT Gen 2:4b Dl^{Pa 158 ff.} Dr^{Stud. Bib. i. 7 ff}.

II. 1. יהוה is used with אלהים and suffixes, especially in D;
a. with אֱלֹהֶיךָ in the Ten Words Exod 20:2-12 (5 t.) = Deut 5:6-16 in the law of worship of J E, Exod 23:19; Exod 34:24; Exod 34:26 in D 234 t.; Josh 1:9; Josh 1:17; Josh 9:9; Josh 9:24 (D²); elsewhere Gen 27:20; Exod 15:26 (JE), Judg 6:26 Samuel & Kings 20 t.; 1Chr 11:2; 1Chr 22:11; 1Chr 22:12; 2Chr 9:8 (twice in verse); 2Chr 16:7; Isa 7:11; Isa 37:4 (twice in verse); Isa 41:13; Isa 43:3; Isa 51:15; Isa 55:5; Jer 40:2 + (3t.); Hos 12:10; Hos 13:4; Hos 14:2; Amos 9:15; Ps 81:11.
b. with אֱלֹהֵיכֶם in D 46 t.; D² 28 t.; H 15 t.; P 15 t.; elsewhere Exod 23:25 (E); Exod 8:24; Exod 10:8; Exod 10:16; Exod 10:17 (JE); Judg 6:10; 1Sam 12:12; 1Sam 12:14; 2Kgs 17:39; 2Kgs 23:21; 1Chr 22:18 + (10 t. Chronicles) Ps 76:12; Jer 13:16 + (5 t.) Ezek 20:5; Ezek 20:7; Ezek 20:19; Ezek 20:20; Joel 2:13 + (6 t.) Zech 6:15.
c. with אֱלֹהֵינוּ in D 23 t.; in D² 5 t.; Exod 8:6 (JE) Exod 3:18; Exod 5:3; Exod 8:22; Exod 8:23; Exod 10:25; Exod 10:26 (E) Judg 11:24; 1Sam 7:8; 1Kgs 8:57; 1Kgs 8:59; 1Kgs 8:61; 1Kgs 8:65; 2Kgs 18:22; 2Kgs 19:10 = Isa 36:7; Isa 37:20; 1Chr 13:2 + (15 t. Chronicles) Mic 4:5; Mic 7:17; Isa 26:13; Jer 3:22 + (17 t.) Ps 20:8; Ps 90:17 (?;Baer אֲדנָֹי); Ps 94:23; Ps 99:5; Ps 99:8; Ps 99:9 (twice in verse); Ps 105:7; Ps 106:47; Ps 113:5; Ps 122:9; Ps 123:2; Dan 9:10; Dan 9:13; Dan 9:14.
d. with אֱלֹהֵיהֶם Exod 10:7 (J) Exod 29:46 (twice in verse); Lev 26:44 (P) Judg 3:7; Judg 8:34; 1Sam 12:9; 1Kgs 9:9; 2Kgs 17:7; 2Kgs 17:9; 2Kgs 17:14; 2Kgs 17:16; 2Kgs 17:19; 2Kgs 18:12; 2Chr 31:6; 2Chr 33:17; 2Chr 34:33; Neh 9:3 (twice in verse); Neh 9:4; Jer 3:21; Jer 22:9; Jer 30:9; Jer 43:1 (twice in verse); Jer 50:4; Ezek 28:26; Ezek 34:30; Ezek 39:22; Ezek 39:28; Hos 1:7; Hos 3:5; Hos 7:10; Zeph 2:7; Hag 1:12 (twice in verse); Zech 9:16; Zech 10:6.
e. with אֱלֹהָיו Num 23:21 (E) Exod 32:11 (J) Lev 4:22 (P) Deut 17:19; Deut 18:7; 1Sam 30:6; 1Kgs 5:17; 1Kgs 11:4; 1Kgs 15:3; 1Kgs 15:4; 1Kgs 2:11; 1Kgs 16:2; 1Kgs 2:1 + 13 t. Chronicles; Mic 5:3; Jer 7:28; Ps 33:12; Ps 144:15; Ps 146:5; Jonah 2:2. feminine with אֱלֹהַי Num 22:18 (JE) Deut 4:5; Deut 18:16; Deut 26:14; Josh 14:8; Josh 14:9; 2Sam 24:24; 1Kgs 3:7; 1Kgs 5:18; 1Kgs 5:19; 1Kgs 8:28; 1Kgs 17:20; 1Kgs 17:21; 1Chr 21:17; 1Chr 22:7; 2Chr 2:3; 2Chr 6:19; 2Chr 9:5; Ps 7:2; Ps 7:4; Ps 13:4; Ps 18:29; Ps 30:3; Ps 30:13; Ps 35:24; Ps 40:6; Ps 104:1; Ps 109:26; Isa 25:1; Jer 31:18; Dan 9:4; Dan 9:20; Jonah 2:7; Hab 1:12; Zech 11:4; Zech 13:9; Zech 14:5.
g. with אֱלֹהַיִךְ Isa 60:9; Jer 2:17; Jer 2:19; Jer 3:13; Mic 7:10; Zeph 3:17.
h. with אלהים, probably always due to later editors, or to a Qr which has crept into the text Gen 2:4b — Gen 3:23 (J, 20 t. either אלהים inserted by R^P as Di De; or יהוה inserted by J in an older source); Exod 9:30 (J, but not in ᵐ5 ⅏; Samaritan אדני יהוה; possibly ᵑ0 from earlier Qr, & ⅏ from later Qr); 2Sam 7:22; 2Sam 7:25 (ᵐ5 אדני יהוה and 1Chr 17:20-23 only יהוה); 1Chr 17:16; 1Chr 17:17 (but 2Sam 7:18; 2Sam 7:19 אדני יהוה) 1Chr 28:20; 1Chr 29:1; 2Chr 1:9; 2Chr 6:41 (twice in verse); 2Chr 6:42; 2Chr 26:18 (but in the original Ps 132:8 stood יהוה (so ℌ), or else no divine name); Ps 72:18 (the late doxology) Ps 84:12 (but it makes the line too long); Jonah 4:6. For the combinations with other divine names see those names.

2. the phrase אֲנִי יהוה is noteworthy: —
a. after אמר either alone Exod 6:2; Exod 6:29 (P) or before relative and other clauses: Gen 28:13 (J) Gen 15:7 (R) Exod 6:6 (P) with אלהיכם Judg 6:10; Ezek 20:5.
b. after ידע כי (α) Exod 7:17; Exod 8:18; Exod 10:2 (J); Exod 7:5; Exod 14:4; Exod 14:18 (P); 1Kgs 20:13; 1Kgs 20:28; Jer 24:7; Ezek 6:7 + 48 t. Ezekiel; (β) with אלהיכם Exod 6:7; Exod 16:12; Deut 29:5 (P) Exod 20:20; Joel 4:17 (γ) with אלהיהם Exod 29:46 (P) Ezek 28:26; Ezek 34:30; Ezek 39:22; Ezek 39:28 (δ) before relative and other clauses Isa 45:3; Isa 49:23; Isa 49:26; Isa 60:16; Ezek 7:9; Ezek 17:24; Ezek 21:10; Ezek 22:22; Ezek 35:12; Ezek 36:36 (ε) with various forms of קדשׁ Exod 31:13 (P) Ezek 20:12; Ezek 37:28; Ezek 39:7 (ζ) with דברתי Ezek 5:13; Ezek 17:21, compare ׳יֵדְעוּ אשׁר אני י Ezek 20:26.
c. after כִּי in various combinations Lev 11:44; Lev 11:45; Num 35:34 (P), Lev 20:7; Lev 20:26; Lev 21:8; Lev 21:15; Lev 21:23; Lev 22:16; Lev 24:22; Lev 25:17; Lev 26:1; Lev 26:44 (all H); Exod 15:26 (R) Isa 41:13; Isa 43:3; Isa 61:8; Jer 9:23; Ezek 12:25; Ezek 21:4; Zech 10:6; Mal 3:6.
d. emphatic Exod 6:8; Exod 12:12; Lev 26:2; Lev 26:45; Num 3:13; Num 3:41; Num 3:45 (all P); Lev 18:5; Lev 18:6; Lev 18:21; Lev 19:12; Lev 19:14; Lev 19:16; Lev 19:18; Lev 19:28; Lev 19:30; Lev 19:32; Lev 19:37; Lev 21:12; Lev 22:2; Lev 22:3; Lev 22:8; Lev 22:30; Lev 22:31; Lev 22:33 (all H) Isa 43:15 with אלהיהם Exod 29:46 with אלהיךָ Isa 48:17 with אלהיכם Lev 23:43; Lev 25:38; Lev 25:55; Num 10:10; Num 15:41 (twice in verse) (P) Lev 18:2; Lev 18:4; Lev 18:30; Lev 19:2; Lev 19:3; Lev 19:4; Lev 19:10; Lev 19:25; Lev 19:31; Lev 19:34; Lev 19:36; Lev 20:24; Lev 23:22; Lev 26:13 (all H) Ezek 20:7; Ezek 20:19; Joel 2:27 with מְקַדֵּשׁ Lev 20:8; Lev 22:9; Lev 22:32 (H), with דברתי Num 14:35 (P) Ezek 5:15 + (11 t. Ezekiel); with clauses Isa 27:3; Isa 41:4; Isa 41:17; Isa 42:6; Isa 42:8; Isa 45:5; Isa 45:6; Isa 45:7; Isa 45:8; Isa 45:18; Isa 45:19; Isa 45:21; Isa 60:22; Jer 17:10; Jer 32:27; Ezek 14:4; Ezek 14:7; Ezek 14:9; Ezek 34:24 אָנֹכִי יהוה is used in the Ten Words Exod 20:2; Exod 20:5 = Deut 5:6; Deut 5:9 cited Ps 81:11; Hos 12:10; Hos 13:4 elsewhere only Exod 4:11 (J) Isa 43:11; Isa 44:24; Isa 51:15.

3. יהוה is also used with several predicates, to form sacred names of holy places of Yahweh יהוה יראה Gen 22:14 (J); יהוה נסי Exod 17:15 (E) יהוה שׁלים Judg 6:24 יהוה צדקנו Jer 33:16 (compare Jer 23:6 where it is applied to the Messiah); יהוה שָׁ֑מָּה Ezek 48:35. — On combinations such as ׳הַר י, צְבָאוֺת ׳י etc., see הַר, צָבָא, etc.

Note. — Bonk^{ZAW 1891, 126 ff.} seems to shew that as prefix, in compare proper name, יְהוֺ is the oldest and the latest form and that יוֺ is intermediate, belonging to the earlier post-exilic period until the time of Chronicles; occasional copyists' mistakes being taken into the account.

BDB2170 H1984 H430 H3050

II. [הָלַל] verb be boastful, Pi`el praise (Arabic shout, both in joy & (if conjecture of Nö RS be right, see citation below) in terror; especially II. in formula of worship; Syriac Pa`el cecinit, laudavit; compare Late Hebrew הִלּוּל praise, הַלֵּל id., Hallel (Psalm 113-118); Aramaic הִילּוּלָא marriage-song, &c.; on Assyrian alâlu, shout for joy, rejoice see Lyon^{Sargontexte 66 (Cylinder. 1. 36)} also Winckler^{Sargontexte 134, 1. 194; 156. 1. 149} KB^{44. 1. 36; 80. 1. 194}; all variations of cry aloud, compare Nö^{ZMG 1887, 723} RS^{Semitic 411}; perhaps originally break through, or out (in a cry), compare We^{Skizzen iii. 107 ff., especially 109}; compare also (according to Prät^{BAS i. 369 f.}) Ethiopic implore (compare Amharic, Tigrinya), & swear) —

Qal Imperfect 2 masculine plural תָּהֹ֑לּוּ Ps 75:5 Participle הוֺלֲלִים Ps 5:6 + 2 t.; — be boastful אַלתָּֿהֹ֑לּוּ Ps 75:5 (|| אַלֿ (תָּרִימוּקָ֑רֶן); Participle boastful ones, boasters Ps 5:6 (|| פֹּעֲלֵי אָוֶן); Ps 73:3; Ps 75:5 (both || רְשָׁעִים). Pi`el Perfect הִלֵּל Ps 10:3, 1 singular suffix הִלַּלְתִּיךָ Ps 119:164 3 masculine plural וְהִלֲלן consecutive Isa 62:9, suffix הִלֲלוּךָ Isa 64:10. etc.; Imperfect יְהַלֶּלֿ Ps 63:6; Ps 102:19 suffix יְהַלֶּלְךָ Prov 27:2, יְהַלֲלֶ֑ךָּ Isa 38:18, וַיְהַלֲלָהּ Prov 31:38: 1 singular אֲהַלֵּל Ps 56:5 + 2 t., cohortative אֲהַלֲלָה Ps 69:31 + 2 t., etc.; Imperative feminine singular הַלֲלִי Ps 146:1; Ps 147:12 masculine plural הַלְלוּ Ps 104:35 + 30 t. Psalm + Jer 20:13; Jer 31:7 suffix הַלֲלוּ֫הוּ Ps 22:24 + 15 t. Psalms; Infinitive absolute הַלֵּל 1Chr 16:36 construct הַלֵּל 2Sam 14:25 + 16 t. Chronicles; Participle plural מְהַלֲלִים 1Chr 23:5 + 4 t. Chronicles; —

1. praise man or woman, accusative וַיְהַלֲלוּ אֹתָהּ אֶלפַּֿרְעֹה Gen 12:15 (J) and they praised her to Pharaoh, compare Prov 27:2; Prov 31:28; Prov 31:31; Song 6:9 וְהַמְהַלֲלִים אֶתהַֿמֶּלָךְ 2Chr 23:12 and those praising (shouting acclamations to) the king; see also לְהַלֵּל מְאֹד 2Sam 14:25 (of Absalom's beauty); in bas sense עֹזְבֵי תוֺרָה יְהַלֲלוּ רָשָׁע Prov 28:4 deserters of law praise a wicked man.

2. usually praise אֱלֹהִים, ׳י etc.;
a. followed by accusative of heathen god Judg 16:24.
b. object ׳(אֱלֹהִים) י; Ps 119:164 (עַל on account of), subject heaven, earth, seas, etc., Ps 69:35 תְּחִי נַפְשִׁי ותְהַלֲלֶךָּ Ps 119:175 in summons to all creatures to praise Ps 148:5; Ps 148:13; Isa 38:18 לֹא שְׁאוֺל תּוֺדֶךָּ מָוֶת יְהַלֲלֶ֑ךָּ (compare Ps 115:17); often of Public worship in sanctuary, Isa 62:9 (thanks giving in sanctuary after harvest), compare Isa 64:10; Ps 22:23 (|| אֲסַפְּרָה שִׁמְךָ), vPs 22:27; Ps 35:18; Ps 109:30 (both || אוֺדְךָ) Ps 107:32 (|| יְרוֺמֲמוּהוּ) Ps 84:5, see also Ps 146:2 (|| ׳אֲזַמְּרָה לֵא) Ps 149:3 (with בְּ instrumental; || יְזַמְּרוּ לוֺ); also object ׳שֵׁם י (in some cases of public worship) Ps 74:21; Ps 148:5; Joel 2:26 (thanksgiving after harvest); שֵׁםאֱֿלֹהִים בְּשִׁיר Ps 69:31 (|| וִאֲגַדְּלֶנּוּ בְתוֺדָה), Ps 145:2 (|| אֲבָֽרֲכֶ֑ךָּ); further, Ps 56:5 בֵּאלֹהִים אֲהַלֵּל דְּבָרוֺ, also vPs 56:11 + vPs 56:11b ׳ביהוה וגו, but compare Hup Che on 11:b as editorial addition; object not expressed אֶתעַֿמְּךָ ׳הַשְׁמִיעוּ הַלֲלוּ וְאִמְרוּ הוֺשַׁע י Jer 31:7, וְשִׂפְתֵי רְנָנוֺת יְהַלֶּלפִּֿי Ps 63:6.
c. use of Imperative deserves special notice: הַלֲלוּהוּ Ps 22:24 (|| כַּבְּדוּהוּ; of temple-worship compare vPs 22:23 vPs 22:25); also in summons to angles, sun, moon, etc. (all created things) to praise ׳י Ps 148:2 (twice in verse); Ps 148:3 (twice in verse); Ps 148:4; Ps 150:1 of temple-worship Ps 150:2 (בְּ on account of) vPs 150:2 (כְּ), vPs 150:3 vPs 150:3 vPs 150:4 vPs 150:4 vPs 150:5 vPs 150:5 (all with בְּ instrumental); further Jer 20:13 (|| ׳שִׁירוּ לי), ׳הַלֲלוּ אֶתיֿ Ps 117:1 (addressed to nations, || שַׁבְּחוּהוּ), Ps 148:7 (created things), חַלֲלִי אֱלֹהַיִךְ צִיּוֺן Ps 147:12 (|| שַׁבְּחִי יְרוּשָׁלַםִ ׳אֶתיֿ).
d. note especially: praise ye yah! הַלֲלויָֿהּ Ps 135:3, liturgical (|| זַמְּרוּ לִשְׁמוֺ); elsewhere always one word see Baer^{Psalm p.115}, & always at beginning or end of Psalm (chiefly late), apparently liturgical; הַלֲלוּיָהֿ֑ Ps 104:35 (|| ׳בָּֽרְכִי נַפְשִׁי אֶתיֿ), elsewhere ׃הַלֲלוּיָהּ (I) at beginning Ps 106:1; Ps 111:1 (both || הודה) Ps 112:1; Ps 113:1 (|| הַלֲלוּ & ׳אֶתשֵֿׁם י ׳ה), Ps 135:1 (|| id.), Ps 146:1 (|| ׳הַלֲלִי נַפְשִׁי אֶתיֿ), Ps 147:1 (followed by זַמְּרָה in clause with כִּי), Ps 148:1 (|| ׳הַלֲלוּ אֶתיֿ, הַלֲלוּהוּ), Ps 149:1 (|| ׳שִׁירוּ לי), Ps 150:1 (|| הַלֲלוּאֵֿל, הַלֲלוּהוּ); (2) at end Ps 104:35 (above), Ps 105:45; Ps 106:48; Ps 113:9; Ps 115:18 (|| נְבָרֵךְ יָהּ), Ps 116:19; Ps 117:2; Ps 135:21 (|| ׳בָּרוּךְ י) Ps 146:10; Ps 147:20; Ps 148:14; Ps 149:9; Ps 150:6 (|| כֹּל הַנְּשָׁמָה תְּהַלֵּל יָהּ); add to these (not liturgical) יְהַלֶּליָֿהּ Ps 102:19, כֹּל נְשָׁמָה תְּהַלֵּל יָהּ Ps 150:6, לֹא הַמֵּתִים יְהַלֲלויָֿהּ Ps 115:17.
e. also followed by ליהוה, in Chronicles, of technical Levitical function (compare Lag^{Or.ii.16 ff.}, who limits this technical הלל to priests, using חֲצֹצְרוֺת, for a signal to the people; see e.g. Neh 12:24 compare vNeh 12:27), 1Chr 16:4 (with instrumental music, compare בִּכְלֵי כְבָלִים וּבְכִנֹּרוֺת & בַּמְצִלְתַּיִ ם, all v1Chr 16:5, and Neh 12:27) 1Chr 23:30; 1Chr 25:3 (all || הוֺדוֺת); exercised (apparently) by both priests and Levites Ezra 3:11 (|| הֹדוֺת) compare vEzra 3:11 by Levites 2Chr 20:19 (בְּקֹל גָּדוֺל), 2Chr 29:30 (בְּדִבְרֵי דָוִיד) in which the people also joined 1Chr 16:36 also 2Chr 5:13 (בַּחֲצֹצְרוֺת וּבִמְצִלְתַּיִם וּבִכְלֵי הַשִּׁיר compare also v2Chr 5:12 || הֹדוֺת, v2Chr 5:13 apparently of Levites & priests), בַּכֵּלִים ׳מְהַלֲלִים לי 1Chr 23:5 (Levites) compare 2Chr 30:21 (Levites & priests ׳בִּכְלֵי עֹז לי); followed by לְשֵׁם תִּפְאַרְתֶּ֑ךָ 1Chr 29:13 (|| מוֺדִים; David speaks in name of people); followed by לְהַדְרַתקֹֿ֑דֶשׁ 2Chr 20:11 (before the army; || ׳מְשֹׁרֲרִים לי; probably of Levites, compare v2Chr 20:19). feminine followed by accusative ׳י Ezra 3:10 (priests & Levites: עַליְֿדֵי דָּוִיד), Neh 5:13 (people).
g. other forms, with like technical sense, but absolute: לְהַלֵּל לְהוֺדוֺת בְּמִצְוַת דָּוִיד Neh 12:24 (Levites) compare 1Chr 23:5; 2Chr 8:14; 2Chr 29:30 (עַדלְֿשִׂמְחָה) 2Chr 31:2 (apparently priests & Levites; ׳בְּשַׁעֲדֵי מַחֲנוֺת י; || לְשָׁרֵת וּלְהֹוֺדוֺת); see also מוֺדִיעִים לְהַלֵּל 2Chr 23:13 (|| מְשׁוֺרֲרִים בִּכְלֵי הַשִּׁיר בְּהַלֵּל דָּוִיד בְּיָדָם ). 2Chr 7:6 (|| הֹדוֺת ליהוּה)

3. apparently boast, male one's boast compare Qal 2 (followed by בְּ in, of), בֵּאלֹהִים Ps 44:9 (|| שִׁמְךָ לְעוֺלָם נוֺדֶה); so according to most, in bad sense, רָשָׁע עַלתַּֿאֲוַת נַפְשׁוֺ ׳ה Ps 10:3 a wicked man boasteth of the desire of his soul, but Che praiseth (׳י) for (i.e. in a mercenary spirit). Pu`al Perfect 3 plural הוּלָּ֑לוּ Ps 78:63 Imperfect יְהֻלַּלֿ Prov 12:8 Participle מְהֻלָּל 2Sam 22:4 + 6 t.; feminine הַהֻלָּ֑לָה Ezek 26:17 (compare Ol^{§ 250 c} Sta^{§ 220, 617 b}; ᵑ0, however, accents as Perfect, regarding הַ as = relative, see sta:§ 176 c Ges^{«GKC:52»§ 52}. 2, R. 6); — be praised,

1. human subject be praised, commended Prov 12:18 (opposed to יִהְיֶה לָבוּז); of maidens, praised, celebrated (in song) Ps 78:63 participle (see above) of city, renowned Ezek 26:17.

2. of ׳י only participle = gerundive, to be praised, worthy of praise 2Sam 22:4 = Ps 18:4 מְאֹד ׳וּמְה ׳גָּדוֺל י Ps 48:2; Ps 96:4 = 1Chr 16:25; Ps 145:3 so ׳שֵׁם י ׳מְה Ps 113:3. Hithpa. Imperfect יִתְהַלֵּל 1Kgs 20:11 + 5 t.; יִתְהַלָּ֑ל Prov 20:14 3 feminine singular תִּתְּהַלֵּל Ps 34:3, תִּתְּהַלָּ֑ל Prov 31:30 2 masculine singular תִּתְהַלֵּל Ps 52:3; Prov 27:1 תִּתְהַלָּ֑ל Isa 41:16 2 feminine singular תִּתְהַלֲלִי Jer 49:4 3 masculine plural יִתְהַלֲלוּ Ps 64:11; Isa 45:25 יִתְהַלָּ֑לוּ Isa 49:7; Jer 4:2 Imperative masculine plural הִתְהַלֲלוּ 1Chr 16:10; Ps 105:3 Infinitive לְהִתְהַלֵּל Ps 106:5 Participle מִתְהַלֵּל Prov 25:14; Jer 9:23 plural מִתְהַלֲלִים Ps 97:7 — glory, boast, make one's boast: —

1. of self-confident boasting, absolute 1Kgs 20:11 compare Prov 20:14 followed by בְּ of ground of boast Jer 9:22 (3 t. in verse); Jer 49:4; Ps 49:7; Ps 52:3; Prov 25:14, אַלתִּֿתְהַלֵּל בְּיוֺם מָחָר Prov 27:1 of glorying in idols הַמִּתְהַלֲלִים בָּאֱלִלִים Ps 97:7.

2. of glorying, making one's boast in (בְּ, on the ground of) ׳תִּתְהַלֵּל ׃י ׳בי נַפְשִׁי Ps 34:3, compare Isa 45:25; Jer 4:2 (|| וְהִתְבָּֽרְכוּ בוֺ); followed by בִּקְדוֺשׁ יִשְׂרָאֵל Isa 41:16 see also Ps 105:3 = 1Chr 16:10 followed by ) בְּשֵׁם קָדְשׁוֺ || ׳(יִשְׂמַה לֵב מְבַקְשֵׁי י, compare further Jer 9:23 less often absolute Jer 9:23; Ps 63:12; Ps 64:11; followed by עִםנַֿחֲלָתֶ֑ךָ together with thine heritage (|| לִשְׂמֹהַ בְּשִׂמְהַת גּוֶֺ י֑ךָ).

3. once, late = passive be praised, commended, of God-fearing woman Prov 31:30. Po`el Imperfect יְהוֺלֵל Isa 44:25 + 2 t.; — make into a fool, make fool of, object שֹׁפְטִים Job 12:17 (subject ׳י; || מוֺלִיךְ יוֺעֲצִים שׁוֺלָ֑ל); object קֹסְמִים Isa 44:25 (subject ׳י || מֵפֵר אֹתוֺת בַּדִּים; object הָכָם Eccl 7:7 (subject הָעשֶׁק; || וִיאַבֵּד אֶתלֵֿב מַתָּנָה). Po`al Participle לִשְׂהוֺק אָמַרְתִּי מְהוֺלָ֑ל Eccl 2:2 of laughter I said, It is mad (folly); מְהוֺלָלַי Ps 102:9 those mad against me (|| אוֺיְבָ֑י). Hithpo`el Imperfect וַיִּתְהֹלֵל 1Sam 21:14 3 masculine plural יִתְהֹלֲלוּ Jer 51:7, יִתְהוֺלֲלוּ Nah 2:5, יִתְהֹלֶ֑לוּ Jer 50:38 Imperative masculine plural הִתְהֹלֲלוּ Jer 49:9, הִתְהֹלָ֑לוּ Jer 25:16 — act madly, or like a madman, וַיִּתְהֹלֵל בְּיָדָם 1Sam 21:14 (of David) and he acted like a madman in their hands; of idolatrous worship by Chaldeans ׳וּבָאֵימִים יִתְה Jer 50:38 of nations, as drunken men, figurative of terror at Yahweh's judgements, Jer 25:16 (|| הִתְגֹּעֲשׁוּ) Jer 51:7 also of madly driving & jolting chariots Nah 2:5; Jer 46:9.

BDB430 H430

אֱלֹהִים₂₅₇₀ noun masculine plural (feminine 1Kgs 11:33 on number of occurrences of אֵל, אֱלוֺהַּ, אֱלֹהִים compare also Nes^{l. c},)

1. plural in number.
a. rulers, judges, either as divine representatives at sacred places or as reflecting divine majesty and power: האלהים Exod 21:6 (Onk ᵑ6, but τὸ κριτήριον τοῦ Θεοῦ ᵐ5) Exod 22:7; Exod 22:8 אלהים Exod 22:8; Exod 22:27 (ᵑ7 Ra AE Ew RVm; but gods, ᵐ5 Josephus Philo AV; God, Di RV; all Covt. code of E) compare 1Sam 2:25 see Dr.; Judg 5:8 (Ew, but gods ᵐ5; God ᵑ6 BarHebr.; יהוה ᵑ9 Be) Ps 82:1; Ps 82:6 (De Ew Pe; but angels Bl Hup) Ps 138:1 (ᵑ6 ᵑ7 Rab Ki De; but angels ᵐ5 Calv; God, Ew; gods, Hup Pe Che).
b. divine ones, superhuman beings including God and angels Ps 8:6 (De Che Br; but angels ᵐ5 ᵑ6 ᵑ7 Ew; God, RV and most moderns) Gen 1:27 (if with Philo ᵑ7 Jerome De Che we interpret נעשה as God's consultation with angels; compare Job 38:7).
c. angels Psalm Job 97:7 (ᵐ5 ᵑ6 Calv; but gods, Hup De Pe Che); compare בני (ה)אלהים = (the) sons of God, or sons of gods = angels Job 1:6; Job 2:1; Job 38:7; Gen 6:2; Gen 6:4 (J; so ᵐ5 Books of Enoch & Jubilees Philo Jude vJude 1:6; 2Pet 2:4 Jos^{Ant. «JOSEPHUS:Antiquities 1:3»i. 3}. 1, most ancient fathers and modern critics; against usage are sons of princes, mighty men, Onk and Rab.; sons of God, the pious, Theod Chrys Jerome Augustine Luther Calv Hengst; ᵐ5^L read οἱ υιὁὶ τοῦ Θεοῦ), compare בני אלים.
d. gods האלהים Exod 18:11; Exod 22:19 (E) 1Sam 4:8; 2Chr 2:4; Ps 86:8 אלהי האלהים the God of gods, supreme God Deut 10:17; Ps 136:2 אלהים Exod 32:1; Exod 32:23 (JE) Judg 9:13 אלהים אחרים other gods Exod 20:3; Exod 23:13; Josh 24:2; Josh 24:16 (E) Deut 31:18; Deut 31:20 (JE) Deut 5:7 + (17 t. in D, not P) Judg 2:12; Judg 2:17; Judg 2:19; Judg 10:13; 1Sam 8:8; 1Sam 26:19; 1Kgs 9:6; 1Kgs 9:9 (= 2Chr 7:19; 2Chr 7:22) 2Chr 11:4; 2Chr 11:10; 2Chr 14:9; 2Kgs 5:17; 2Kgs 17:35; 2Kgs 17:37; 2Kgs 17:38; 2Kgs 22:17 (= 2Chr 34:25) 2Chr 28:25; Jer 1:16 + (18 t. Jeremiah) Hos 3:1 אלהי (ה)נכר foreign gods Gen 35:2; Gen 35:4; Josh 24:20; Josh 24:23 (E) Deut 31:16 (JE) Judg 10:16; 1Sam 7:3; 2Chr 33:15; Jer 5:19 נחור ׳א Gen 31:53 (E); מצרים ׳א Exod 12:12 (P) Jer 43:12; Jer 43:13 האמרי ׳א Josh 24:15 (E) Judg 6:10 ארם ׳א etc. Judg 10:6 אלהים מעשה ידי Deut 4:28 הגוים ׳א gods of the nations 2Kgs 18:33; 2Kgs 19:12; Deut 29:17; 2Chr 32:17; 2Chr 32:19; Isa 36:18; Isa 37:12 העמים ׳א Deut 6:14; Deut 13:8; Judg 2:12; Ps 96:5; 1Chr 5:25; 1Chr 16:26; 2Chr 32:13; 2Chr 32:14 כסף ׳א Exod 20:23 (E); זהב ׳א Exod 20:23 (E) Exod 32:31 (JE); מַסֵּכָה ׳א Exod 34:17 (J) Lev 19:4 (H).

2. Plural intensive.
a. god or goddess, always with suffix 1Sam 5:7 (Dagon), Judg 11:24 (Chemosh), 1Kgs 18:24 (Baal), Judg 9:27; Dan 1:2 (twice in verse); or construct לעשתרת מואב ׳צדנים לכמוש א ׳א to Ashtoreth goddess of the Zidonians, Chemosh god of Moab, etc. 1Kgs 11:33 הארץ ׳א god of the land 2Kgs 17:26 (twice in verse); 2Kgs 17:27, and so the Syrians suppose that Yahweh is a mountain-god and not a god of valleys 1Kgs 20:28.
b. godlike one Exod 4:16 (J; Moses in relation to Aaron), Exod 7:1 (P; in relation to Pharaoh), 1Sam 28:13 (the shade of Samuel), Ps 45:7 (the Messianic king, O God, ᵐ5 ᵑ6 Jerome, most scholars ancient and modern, but thy throne is God's = God's throne AE Ki Thea Ew Hup, compare 1Chr 28:5).
c. works of God, or things specially belonging to him (see אֵל 5) הר אלהים Ps 68:16; Ezek 28:14; Ezek 28:16 אש אלהים Job 1:16 גן (ה)אלהים Ezek 28:13; Ezek 31:8; Ezek 31:9.
d. God (see 3 & 4).

3. הָאֱלֹהִים the (true) God, הוא האלהים ׳י Yahweh is (the) God Deut 4:35; Deut 4:39; Deut 7:9; 1Kgs 8:60; 1Kgs 18:39 (twice in verse); 2Chr 33:13 הוא האלהים Isa 45:18 האלהים ׳י Josh 22:34 (P ?) 1Kgs 18:21; 1Kgs 18:24; 2Chr 32:16 אתה הוא האלהים 2Sam 7:28; 1Kgs 18:37; 2Kgs 19:15; 1Chr 17:26; Isa 37:16; Neh 9:7 האלהים as subject or object is used in E 33 t., Chronicles 38 t., Eccl 31 t., Jonah 5 t., elsewhere Gen 5:22; Gen 5:24; Gen 6:9; Gen 6:11 (sources of P) Gen 17:18 (P) Josh 22:34 (P ?) Gen 44:16 (J) Deut 4:35; Deut 4:39; Deut 7:9; Judg 6:36; Judg 6:39; Judg 7:14; Judg 10:14; Judg 16:28; Judg 21:2; 1Sam 10:3; 1Sam 10:7; 1Sam 14:36; 2Sam 2:27; 2Sam 6:7; 2Sam 7:28; 2Sam 12:16; 1Kgs 8:60; 1Kgs 18:21; 1Kgs 18:24 (twice in verse); 1Kgs 18:37; 1Kgs 18:39 (twice in verse); 1Kgs 19:15 (Ephr) Job 2:10; Jer 11:12; Isa 37:16; Isa 45:18; Ps 108:14; Dan 1:9; Dan 1:17 הקדוש ׳הא ׳י 1Sam 6:20 הגדול ׳הא ׳י Neh 8:6 אשר ׳בירושלם הא Ezra 1:3 אדני האלהים Dan 9:3 in many phrases, as איש האלהים the man of God, acting under divine authority and influence: =
(a) angel Judg 13:6; Judg 13:8,
(b) prophet (the term coming into use in the Northern kingdom in the age of Elijah 1Sam 9:9-10, compare אִישׁ הָרוּחַ Hos 9:7): of Moses Deut 33:1; Josh 14:6 (E) 1Chr 23:14; 2Chr 30:16; Ezra 3:2; Ps 90:1 of Samuel 1Sam 9:6-10 of David 2Chr 8:14; Neh 12:24; Neh 12:36 Shemaiah 1Kgs 12:22 (= 2Chr 11:2); Elijah, Elisha, and others of their time 1Kgs 13:1-31; 1Kgs 17:18-24; 1Kgs 20:28; 2Kgs 1:9-13; 2Kgs 4:7-42; 2Kgs 5:8-20; 2Kgs 6:6-15; 2Kgs 7:2-9; 2Kgs 8:2-11; 2Kgs 13:19; 2Kgs 23:16-17 (Ephr) 2Chr 25:7; 2Chr 25:9 unnamed prophet 1Sam 2:27 Hanan Jer 35:4 a later title of prophet was עֶבֶד האלהים the servant of God, used of Moses 1Chr 6:34; 2Chr 24:9; Neh 10:30; Dan 9:11. בית האלהים the house of God, Judg 18:31, especially late, Chronicles (52 t.) Eccl 4:17; Dan 1:2 ׳בית י ׳הא 1Chr 22:1 ארון (ברית) האלהים the ark (of the covenant) of God Judg 20:27; 1Sam 4:1-5:12; 1Sam 14; 2Sam 6:1-7:29; 2Sam 15 (23 t.); 1Chr 13; 1Chr 15; 1Chr 16; 2Chr 1:4 (13 t.); מטה האלהים the rod of God Exod 4:20; Exod 17:9 (E); הר האלהים the mount of God (Horeb) Exod 3:1; Exod 4:27; Exod 18:5; Exod 24:13 (E) 1Kgs 19:8 (Ephr); מלאך האלהים the (theophanic) angel of God Gen 31:11; Exod 14:19 (E) Judg 6:20; Judg 13:6; Judg 13:9; 2Sam 14:17; 2Sam 14:20; 2Sam 19:28 in other combinations Exod 18:16; Num 23:27 (E) Judg 20:2; 1Sam 4:8; 1Sam 5:11; 1Sam 10:5; 2Sam 16:23; 1Kgs 12:22; 1Chr 21:7 + (14 t.) Ps 87:3; Eccl 9:1.

4. אֱלֹהִים = God אֱלֹהִים אֱמֶת ׳י = Yahweh is God in truth Jer 10:10.
a. אלהים (as subject object direct or indirect) is used by P (50 t. in story of creation and deluge, elsewhere 28 t.), by E (91 t.), J chiefly in poetic sources Gen 3:1; Gen 3:3; Gen 3:5 (twice in verse); Gen 9:27; Gen 39:9; Deut 32:17; Deut 32:39, by D (11 t.) Judges (21 t.) Samuel (50 t.) Kings (29 t.) Chronicles (45 t.); in Psalm 42-86 (180 t. often by editorial change for an original יהוה), elsewhere Ps 3:3; Ps 5:11; Ps 7:11; Ps 7:12; Ps 9:18; Ps 10:4; Ps 10:13; Ps 14:1; Ps 14:2; Ps 14:5; Ps 25:22; Ps 36:2; Ps 36:8; Ps 77:14; Ps 100:3; Ps 108:2; Ps 108:6; Ps 108:8; Ps 108:12 (twice in verse); Ps 149:9; Job 5:8; Job 20:29; Job 28:23; Job 32:2; Job 34:9 (& in Prologue 6 t.) Prov 2:5; Prov 3:4; Prov 25:2 Ecclesiastes (7 t.) Hosea (5 t.); Amos 4:11 (כמהפכת אלתים את סדם as God overthrew Sodom = Jer 50:40 = Isa 13:19) Zech 8:23; Zech 12:8; Mic 3:7 (but אליהם ᵐ5 ᵑ6) Isa 35:4 Isa² (9 t.); Jer 10:10 Ezekiel (13 t.); Malachi (5 t.); Jonah (4 t.); the phrase לאלהים ׳היה ל Gen 28:21 (E^R) Gen 17:7; Gen 17:8; Exod 6:7; Exod 29:45; Lev 11:45; Lev 22:33; Lev 25:38; Lev 26:12; Lev 26:45; Num 15:41 (P); Deut 26:17; Deut 29:13; 2Sam 7:24 (= 1Chr 17:22); Zech 8:8 Jeremiah (6 t.); Ezekiel (6 t.); אלהים צדיק righteous God Ps 7:10 קדשים ׳א holy God Josh 24:19 (E); חיים ׳א living God Deut 5:23; 1Sam 17:26; 1Sam 17:36; Jer 10:10; Jer 23:36 חי ׳א 2Kgs 19:4; 2Kgs 19:16 (= Isa 37:4; Isa 37:17). For the phrases ׳יהוה א, צבאות ׳א ׳י, צבאות ׳א, ׳י ׳אל א, ׳יה א, ׳צבאות א ׳י, אלתי ׳י, צבאות, ׳אדני א see יהוה, יה, צבאות & אדני.
b. construct אֱלֹהֵי
(a) with persons אֱלֹהֵי אַבְרָהָם = God of Abraham, a phrase of J, Gen 26:24; Gen 28:13; Gen 31:53, elsewhere Ps 47:10; 1Kgs 18:36; 1Chr 29:18; 2Chr 30:6 אדני אברהם ׳א Gen 24:12; Gen 24:27; Gen 24:42; Gen 24:48 (J); אלהי אב father's God (various suffix & names), a phrase of E, Gen 31:5; Gen 31:29; Gen 31:42; Gen 46:3; Gen 50:17; Exod 3:6; Exod 3:13; Exod 3:15; Exod 3:16; Exod 15:2; Exod 18:4; Josh 18:3, elsewhere Gen 32:10; Gen 43:23 (J) Exod 4:5 (J ?) Deuteronomy (8 t.); Judg 2:12; 2Kgs 21:22 Chronicles (31 t.); Dan 11:37 אֱלֹהֵי יִשְׂרָאֵל Israel's God, phrase of E, Gen 33:20; Exod 5:1; Exod 24:10; Exod 32:27; Josh 8:30; Josh 14:14; Josh 22:16; Josh 24:2; Josh 24:23, elsewhere Exod 34:23; Josh 7:13; Josh 7:19; Josh 7:20 (JE) Num 16:9; Josh 9:18; Josh 9:19; Josh 22:24; Josh 10:40; Josh 10:42; Josh 13:14; Josh 13:33 (R see Di Josh 7:13) Judg 4:6; Judg 5:3; Judg 5:5; Judg 6:8; Judg 11:21; Judg 11:23; Judg 21:3; 1Sam 1:17 + (20 t.) Kings (26 t.) Chronicles (45 t.); Ps 41:14; Ps 106:48 (doxology) Ps 59:6; Ps 69:7; Isa 17:6; Isa 21:10; Isa 21:17; Isa 29:23 Isa³, Isa 24:15; Isa 37:16; Isa 37:21 Isa², Isa 41:17 + (6 t.); Jer 35:17 + (48 t.); Ezek 8:4 + (7 t.); Zeph 2:9; Mal 2:16; Ruth 2:12 מערכות ישראל ׳א God of the battle array of Israel 1Sam 17:45 ׳א יַעֲקֹב 2Sam 23:1 (poetry) Ps 20:2; Ps 46:8; Ps 46:12; Ps 75:10; Ps 76:7; Ps 81:2; Ps 81:5; Ps 84:9; Ps 94:7; Isa 2:3 (= Mic 4:2); העבריים ׳א God of the Hebrews Exod 3:18; Exod 5:3; Exod 7:16; Exod 9:1; Exod 9:13 (JE); it is used with other proper names, Nahor Gen 31:53 (E), Shem Gen 9:26 (J), David 2Kgs 20:5; 2Chr 21:12; 2Chr 34:3; Isa 38:5, Hezekiah 2Chr 32:17, Elijah 2Kgs 2:14 ארני המלך ׳א the God of my lord the king 1Kgs 1:36. (β) with nouns of attributes or relationships, קֶרֶם ׳א ancient God Deut 33:27 עולם ׳א everlasting God Isa 40:28 אֱמֶת ׳א true God 2Chr 15:3 אָמֵן ׳א Isa 65:16 (see אָמֵן); משפט ׳א Isa 30:18; Mal 2:17 מרום ׳א Mic 6:6 כָל בָשָׂר ׳א God of all flesh Jer 32:27 compare ׳א הרוחות לכל בשר Num 16:22; Num 27:16 (P); השמים ׳א God of heaven Gen 24:7 (J^R) 2Chr 36:23; Ezra 1:2; Neh 1:4; Neh 1:5; Neh 2:4; Neh 2:20 compare כל הארץ ׳א Isa 54:5 ׳השמים וא ׳א ׳י הארץ Gen 24:3 (J^R); מִקָּרֹב ׳א a God at hand opposed to מֵרָחֹק ׳א Jer 23:23, ישועתי ׳א, יִשְׁעִי ׳א God of my salvation Ps 18:47 (= 2Sam 22:47) Ps 24:5; Ps 25:5; Ps 27:9; Ps 65:6; Ps 79:9; Ps 85:5; Isa 17:10; Mic 7:7; Hab 3:18; 1Chr 16:35 ישועתי ׳א Ps 88:2 תשועתי ׳א Ps 51:16 צִדְקִי ׳א God of righteousness Ps 4:2 חַסְדִּי ׳א Ps 59:11; Ps 59:18 צוּרִי ׳א God who is my rock 2Sam 22:3 (compare Ps 18:3); מָעוּזִּי֯ ׳א God who is my stronghold Ps 43:2 תְהִלָּתִי ׳א God who is my praise Ps 109:1.
c. with suffix in P (22 t. including phrase ויראת מאלהיך) Lev 19:14; Lev 19:32; Lev 25:17; Lev 25:36; Lev 25:43 (H) Exod 8:21; Josh 24:27 (E) Deut 32:37 (poetry) Josh 9:23 (JE) Deut 10:21; Deut 31:17; Judg 10:10; Judg 16:23; Judg 16:24; 1Sam 10:19; 2Sam 10:12; 2Sam 22:32 + (4 t. poetry) 1Kgs 12:28; 1Kgs 20:23; 2Kgs 19:10 Chronicles (83 t.); Psalms (62 t.); Prov 2:17; Prov 30:9; Ruth 1:15; Ruth 1:16 (twice in verse); Isa 1:10; Isa 7:13; Isa 8:19; Isa 8:21 Isa² (29 t.); Jer 5:4; Jer 5:5; Jer 23:36; Jer 51:5; Ezek 34:31 Daniel (5 t.); Hosea (12 t.); Amos 2:8; Amos 4:12; Joel 1:13 (twice in verse); Joel 1:16; Joel 2:17; Mic 6:8; Mic 7:7; Jonah 1:5; Jonah 1:6; Zeph 3:2; Nah 1:14; Zech 9:7; Zech 12:5 אלהים with suffix is also used with יהוה several hundred times (see יהוה).

god, gods, judges, great, goddess, …

ʾĕlōhîm

gods in the ordinary sense; but specifically used (in the plural thus, especially with the article) of the supreme God; occasionally applied by way of deference to magistrates; and sometimes as a superlative

(plural)

rulers, judges

god, goddess

וּ שְׂמַחְתֶּ֗ם

וּ

Prefix — connector and (sometimes: but, so, then)

שְׂמַחְתֶּ֗ם

Root word rejoice, glad, rejoiced, joy, rejoiceth, …

Dictionary form: שָׂמַח · saw-MA

Verb — Qal, Sequential Perfect (Weqatal), second person masculine plural simple action — "he did" carries the story forward — try "and he will ___" the built-in subject is "you (a group)"

In the KJV here: and ye shall rejoice

rejoice ×21 and rejoice ×11 rejoiced ×10 shall rejoice ×7 be glad ×6 and be glad ×5 and thou shalt rejoice ×4 rejoiceth ×4

More options

rejoice — Modernized core rendering; fits most liturgical and narrative contexts.

be glad — Slightly warmer tone; suits relational or emotional contexts.

celebrate — Active, communal nuance; good for festival or worship settings.

delight — Inward, contemplative joy; fits wisdom or poetic passages.

exult — Intense, expressive joy; best for triumphant or climactic moments.

be joyful — Adjectival feel; suits commands or states of being.

BDB8257 H8055

שָׂמַח, שָׂמֵ֑ח₁₅₄ verb rejoice, be glad (Late Hebrew id.; compare perhaps Assyrian šamâ—u, flourish, Arabic be high, proud; Punic proper name, feminine שמחת); —

Qal₁₂₆ Perfect 3 masculine singular שָׂמַח Ps 16:9 וְשָׂמֵ֑חַ consecutive Prov 29:6 3 feminine singular שָׂמֵ֑חָה Esth 8:15 2 masculine singular וְשָׂמַחְתָּ֫ Deut 12:18 +; 3 masculine plural שָׂמֵ֑חוּ Neh 12:43, etc.; Imperfect יִשְׂמַח Isa 9:16 +, 3 masculine plural יִשְׂמָ֑חוּ Isa 65:13; Ps 69:33, 3 feminine plural תִּשְׂמַחְנָה 2Sam 1:20, etc.; Imperative masculine singular שְׂמַח Deut 33:18 +, feminine singular שִׂמְחִי Zeph 3:14 +, שְׂמָ֑חִי Joel 2:21, etc.; Infinitive construct שְׂמֹחַ Ezek 35:14 +, etc.; Participle see שָׂמֵחַ adjective; — 24 t. || גיל, less often || רָנַן, עָלַז, שִׂישׂ, etc.; —

1. in common life:
a. rejoice, with ב person or of thing take pleasure in Judg 9:19 (twice in verse); Deut 33:18; Eccl 3:22 + 7 t. + (probably) בְּכָליָֿמֵינוּ Ps 90:14 (others ב temporal), compare Eccl 11:8 עַל person Isa 39:2 + || 2Kgs 20:13 (וישׂמח for ᵑ0 וישׁמע Vrss modern), עַל of thing Jonah 4:6; 2Chr 15:15 with temporal clause Jer 41:13 + 6 t. + (of heart) Prov 23:15, in one's heart Exod 4:14 (J); with כִּי because Isa 14:29 + 3 t.; with אֵת with Isa 66:10 with מִן person get pleasure from Prov 5:18 absolute 1Sam 11:9; Eccl 3:12; Prov 13:9 (figurative of prosperity; subject אוֺר; opposed to דָּעַךְ), + 8 t.; with ל of thing at Job 21:12.
b. rejoice arrogantly, exult at, ל person, Mic 7:8; Isa 14:8; Obad 1:12; Ps 35:19; Ps 35:24; Ps 38:17, with אֶלֿ of thing Ezek 25:6, ב of thing Job 31:29; Ps 35:15; Prov 24:17 absolute Hos 9:1 (+ אֶלגִּֿיל), 2Sam 1:20 + 3 t., + (said of righteous by Eliphaz) Job 22:19.

2. a. rejoice religiously, with ב of thing 1Sam 2:1; Deut 12:7; Ps 21:2 + 7 t.; with ׳בי, etc., Joel 2:23; Ps 32:11 + 10 t. Psalms + Ps 9:3 (+ אֶעֶלְצָה בָ֑ךְ); with עַל of thing 2Chr 29:36, עַל infinitive 1Chr 29:9 a; with לְמַעַן of thing Ps 48:12 with כִּי because Ps 119:74 absolute Zech 2:14; Zech 4:10; Joel 2:21; 1Chr 29:9b (with accusative of congnate meaning with verb), 1Chr 16:31 (of heavens) = Ps 96:11; Ps 97:1 (isles) + 18 t. (12 t. Psalms), + (of heart) Zech 10:7 a Ps 16:9; 1Chr 16:10, בְּכָללֵֿב Zeph 3:14 (compare Exod 4:14 1 a above); with ׳לִפְנֵי י Isa 9:2 and (of joyous feasting etc., at sanctuary) Lev 23:40 (H), Deut 12:12; Deut 12:18; Deut 16:11; Deut 27:7, compare Deut 14:26; 1Sam 11:15.
b. subject ׳י, with עַל person Isa 9:16 (|| רחם; Perles^{RÉJ xxxiv. 63} be gentle, Arabic ), ב of thing Ps 104:31. Pi`el Perfect 3 masculine singular וְשִׂמַּח consecutive Deut 24:5, suffix שִׁמְּחָהוּ Jer 20:15, etc.; Imperfect 3 masculine singular יְשַׂמַּח Ps 104:15 +, etc.; Imperative masculine singular שַׂמֵּחַ Ps 86:4, שַׂמַּח Prov 27:11, etc.; Infinitive absolute שַׂמֵּחַ Jer 20:15 Participle מְשַׂמֵּחַ Judg 9:13, plural construct מְשַׂמְּחֵי Ps 19:9 — cause to rejoice, gladden, with accusative of person (or equivalent ), subject person Deut 24:5; Jer 20:15 (+ Infinitive absolute), Prov 10:1; Prov 15:20; Prov 27:11; Prov 29:3 (Hos 7:3 see משׁח 2); especially subject ׳י (God) Jer 31:13 (with מִן separ.) Isa 56:7; 2Chr 20:27 (with מִן of source, see Qal 1 a), Ezra 6:22; Neh 12:43 (+ accusative of congnate meaning with verb) Ps 86:4; Ps 90:15; Ps 92:5 (ב instrumental), also, with ל person cause to exult at Ps 30:2, id. with עַל person Lam 2:17 subject of thing Judg 9:13; Ps 19:9; Ps 45:9; Ps 46:5; Ps 104:15; Eccl 10:19; Prov 12:25; Prov 15:30; Prov 27:9. Hiph`il = Pi`el Perfect 2 masculine singular הִשְׂמַחְתָּ Ps 89:43 (subject ׳י).

rejoice, glad, rejoiced, joy, rejoiceth, …

śāmaḥ

probably to brighten up, i.e., (figuratively) be (causatively, make) blithe or gleesome

to rejoice, be glad

(Qal)

to rejoice

בְּ כֹל֙

בְּ

Prefix — preposition in, at, by, with

כֹל֙

Root word all, every, any, whole, one, …

Dictionary form: כֹּל · kole

Noun — Common, masculine singular, construct state "___ of …" — bound to the next word

In the KJV here: in all

all ×1727 and all ×796 of all ×249 every ×158 in all ×133 according to all ×89 with all ×73 and every ×69

More options

all — Most versatile; fits nearly every syntactic context.

every — Prefer when distributing over individual items.

whole — Emphasizes totality or completeness of a single entity.

any — Best in negative, conditional, or open-ended clauses.

each — Highlights individuality within a set; more precise than 'every'.

entirely — Adverbial use; stresses completeness of an action.

BDB4037 H3605

כֹּל once כּוֺל (Jer 33:8 Kt.), noun masculine the whole, all (Moabite, Phoenician, id.; Aramaic כּוֺל, ; Arabic ; Sabean כל, compare DHM^{Epigr. Denk. 36-38}; Ethiopic Assyrian kullatu) — absolute כֹּל, construct כֹּל Gen 2:5; Gen 2:16; Gen 2:20 + often, once כֹּלֿ Ps 138:2 (see Ba), but more usually כָּלֿ (with makk.: without it, Ps 35:10; Prov 19:7 Kö^{i. 84, 95}); suffix 2 masculine singular in p. כֻּלָּךְ Mic 2:12 2 feminine singular כֻּלֵּךְ Isa 14:29; Isa 14:31, כֻּלָּךְ Isa 22:1; Song 4:7 (perhaps for assonance with accompanying לָךְ, בָּךְ); 3 masculine singular כֻּלֹּה 2Sam 2:9 (see Dr) + 17 t. (never in Pentateuch), כֻּלּוֺ Gen 25:25 + 16 t.; 3 feminine singular כֻּלָּהּ Gen 13:10 + 15 t., כֻּלָּא Ezek 36:5 כֻּלָּנּו (16 t.); כֻּלְּכֶם (18 t.); כֻּלָּם (often), כּוּלָּם Jer 31:34, כֻּלָּ֑הַם 2Sam 23:6 (and probably Jer 15:10 כֻּלְּהֶם); 3 feminine plural כֻּלָּ֫נָה Gen 42:36; Prov 31:29 כֻּלָּֽהְנָה׃ 1Kgs 7:37: — the whole,

1. with following genitive (as usually) the whole of, to be rendered, however, often in our idiom, to avoid stiffness, all or every:
a. Gen 2:2 כָּלצְֿבָאָם the whole of their host, vGen 2:13 כָּלאֶֿרֶץ כּוּשׁ the whole of the land of Kush; כָּלהַֿלַּיְלָה the whole of the night; כָּליִֿשְׂרָאֵל the whole of Israel = all Israel; Deut 4:29 בְּכָללְֿבָֽבְךָ with the whole of thy heart = with all thy heart; + very often With a plural noun, usually determined by the article or a genitive: Gen 5:5 כליֿמי אדם the whole of (= all) the days of Adam, Gen 37:35 כלבֿניו the whole of (= all) his sons, Isa 2:2 כלהֿגוים all the nations; Gen 43:9 + often כל הימים = continually. In poetry, however, the noun may remain undetermined, כָּליָֿדַיִם the whole of hands = every hand, Isa 13:7; Jer 48:37; Ezek 21:12 כלפֿנים i.e. every face Isa 25:8; Joel 2:6 כל שׁלחנות Isa 28:8 כל חוצות Isa 51:20; Lam 2:19 and elsewhere Before an infinitive Gen 30:41; Deut 4:7; 1Kgs 8:52; 1Chr 23:31. frequently with suffixes, as (כֻּלֹּה) כֻּלּוֺ the whole of him Gen 25:25; Job 21:23; Song 5:16, the whole of it Lev 13:13; Jer 2:21; Nah 2:1; Prov 24:31 כֻּלָּהּ the whole of it Gen 13:10; Exod 19:18; Exod 25:36; Amos 8:8 כֻּלָּךְ all of thee Song 4:7 + (see at the beginning); כֻּלָּנוּ the whole of us Gen 42:11; Deut 5:3; Isa 53:6 (twice in verse); כֻּלְּכֶם Deut 1:22; Deut 4:4; 1Sam 22:7 (twice in verse); כֻּלָּם Gen 11:6; Gen 43:34; Josh 8:24 ויפלו כֻּלָּם, Judg 11:6 בְּיַד כֻּלָּם, Isa 7:19; Isa 31:3 + often — Twice, strangely, with hyperb. intensive force, Ps 39:6 כָּלהֶֿבֶל the whole of vanity are all men (? omit כל, as vPs 39:12), Ps 45:14 כָּלכְּֿבוּדָּה the whole of gloriousness is the king's daughter.
b. followed often by a singular, to be understood collectively, whether with or without the article: Gen 1:21 את כל נפשׁ החיה the whole of living souls = every living soul, Gen 2:9 כל עץ נחמד למראה the whole of trees (every kind of tree) pleasant to view, Gen 6:12 + כָּלבָּֿשָׂר, Gen 7:14 כל צפור כל כנף all birds of every kind of wing (so Ezek 17:23), vEzek 17:21 כל האדם the whole of mankind (so Num 12:3; Num 16:29; Judg 16:17 and elsewhere); in poetry כלאֿדם Ps 39:6; Ps 64:10 +; 1Sam 14:52 כל אישׁ גבור וכלבֿןחֿיל, 1Sam 17:19; 1Sam 17:24 כל אישׁ ישׂראל, 1Sam 22:2; Isa 9:16 כל פה the whole of mouths = every mouth, Isa 15:2; Isa 24:10 כָּלבַּֿיִת + often (in Isa 2:12-16 the singular and plural interchange); Ps 7:12 + בכליֿום, Ps 10:5 + בכלעֿת = at all seasons. So כלהֿעץ Gen 1:29, כלהֿבן Exod 1:22 = all the sons, כלהֿמקום Exod 20:24; Deut 11:24 = all the places, כלהֿמרכב Lev 15:9, vLev 15:26; Deut 4:3 כלהֿאישׁ אשׁר = all the men who. . ., Deut 15:19 כלהֿבכור, Jer 4:29 כלהֿעיר עזובה all the cities (notice the following בָּהֶן); כלהֿיום = all the days (see יוֺם 7 f), etc. In late Hebrew extended to such phrases as בְּכָלדּֿוֺר וָדוֺר Ps 45:18; Ps 145:13; Esth 9:28 בכלעֿיר ועיר 2Chr 11:12; 2Chr 28:25; 2Chr 31:19; Esth 8:11; Esth 8:17; Esth 9:28; 2Chr 32:28; Esth 2:11; Esth 3:14; Esth 4:3; Esth 8:13; Esth 8:17; Esth 9:21; Esth 9:27; Esth 9:28 (3 t. in verse) (compare וְ 1 i b).
c. the genitive after כל is often a relative sentence, introduced by אשׁר: Gen 1:31 את כל אשׁר עשׂה the whole of what he had made, Gen 7:22; Gen 13:1 + very often Sts., with a preposition, כל אשׁר has the force of wheresover, whithersoever, as Josh 1:7 בְּכֹל אֲשֶׁר תֵּלֵךְ wheresoever thou goest, vJosh 1:16 אֶלכָּֿלאֲֿשֶׁר whithersoever (see אֲשֶׁר 4 b γ). Very rarely in such cases is there ellipse of the rel., as Gen 39:4 וְכָליֶֿשׁלֿוֺ נָתַן בְּיָדִי (contrast vGen 39:5 vGen 39:8), Exod 9:4 מכללֿבני ישׂראל, Isa 38:16 וּלְכָּלבָּֿהֶן חַיֵּי רוּחִי, Ps 71:18 לְכָליָֿבוֺא (Ps 74:3, see 2 a), 2Chr 32:31 peculiarly also in Chronicles (Dr^{Intr 505}), 1Chr 29:3 מִכָּלהֲֿכִינוֺתִי, 2Chr 30:18f.; Ezra 1:6 compare with כֹּל (2 a) 1Chr 29:11 a 2Chr 30:17; Ezra 1:5.
d. with a suffix two idiomatic uses of כל have to be noticed:
(a) כל is often made more independent and emphatic by being placed with a suffix after the word which it qualifies, to which it then stands in apposition (compare in Syriac, Arabic, Ethiopic), as 2Sam 2:9 יִשְׂרָאֵל כֻּלּהֹ, Jer 13:19; Jer 48:31; Isa 9:8; Isa 14:29; Isa 14:31 פלשׁת כלך Philistia, all of thee ! Mic 2:12; Hab 2:6; Job 34:13; Ps 67:4; Ps 67:6 especially in Ezekiel, as Ezek 14:5; Ezek 29:2 מצרים כֻּלָּהּ Ezek 32:12; Ezek 32:30 with change of person (compare the idiom in Isa 22:16; Isa 48:1; Isa 54:1 etc.), 1Kgs 22:28 = Mic 1:2 שׁמעו עמים כלם Hear, nations, all of them ! Mal 3:9 הַגּוֺי כֻּלּוֺ. So even with כל preceding: Num 16:3 כָּלהָֿעֵדָה כֻּלָּם, Isa 14:18; Jer 30:16; Ezek 11:15 כל בית ישׂראל כֻּלֹּה the whole of the house of Israel, the whole of it (so Ezek 20:40; Ezek 36:10), Ezek 35:15; Ezek 36:5; Ps 8:8 (compare Sabean DHM^l.c.);
(b) with the suffix of 3 masculine singular, understood as referring to the mass of things or persons meant, כֻּלֹּה or כֻּלּוֺ, literally the whole of it, is equivalent to all of them, every one, Exod 14:7 and captains עַלכֻּֿלּוֺ upon the whole of it (the רֶכֶב collectively) = all of them, Isa 1:23 the whole of it (the people) loveth bribes, Isa 9:16; Isa 15:3; Jer 6:13 (twice in verse); Jer 8:6; Jer 8:10 (twice in verse); Jer 20:7; Hab 1:9; Hab 1:15; Ps 29:9 and in his temple כֻּלּוֺ אֹמֵר כָּבוֺד the whole of it (= every one there) says, Glory ! Ps 53:4 (|| Ps 14:3 הַכֹּל); perhaps Isa 16:7; Jer 48:38 + Prov 19:6 Ew Hi (וְכֻלּהֹ רֵעַ): Jer 15:10 read כֻּלְּהֶם קִלֲלוּנִי.
e. Hebrew idiom in certain cases affirms, or denies, of an entire class, where English idiom affirms, or denies, of an individual of the class; thus in a comparative or hypothetical sentence כל is = any, and with a negative = none:
(a) Gen 3:1 the serpent was more subtil מכל חית השׂדה than all beasts of the field (in our idiom: than any beast of the field), Deut 7:7; 1Sam 9:2
(b) Lev 4:2 a soul when it sins through ignorance מכל מצות יי֞ in all the commandments of Jehovah (= in any of the commandments, etc.), Lev 19:23 when ye . . . plant כלעֿץ מאכל = any tree for food, Num 35:22 or if he have cast upon him כָּלכְּֿלִי = any weapon, 1Kgs 8:37 b; joined with a participle in a hypothetical sense (Dr^{§ 121 n.} Ges^{«GKC:116»§ 116}. 5 R. 5), Gen 4:14 כל מצאי all my finders (= if any one find me), he will slay me, vGen 4:15 a Num 21:8 כָּלהַֿנָּשׁוּךְ = whosoever (= if any one) is bitten, 1Sam 2:13
(c) with a negative, Gen 2:5 all plants of the field טֶרֶם יִהְיֶה were not as yet = no plant of the field as yet was, Gen 4:15 b לבלתי הכותאֿתו כלמֿצאו for the not-smiting him of all finding him = that none finding him should smite him, Exod 10:15 ולאנֿותר כל ירק = and no green things were left, Exod 12:16 כלמֿלאכה לא יעשׂה all work shall not be done = no work shall be done, Deut 28:14; Judg 13:4 אַלתּֿאֹכְלִי כָּלטָֿמֵא eat not of all that is unclean, Judg 19:19 אֵין מַחְסוֺר כָּלדָּֿבָר there is no lack of all things i.e. of any thing, Ps 143:2 כי לאיֿצדק לפניך כלחֿי, + very often (so οὐ πᾶς, as a Hebraism, in the N.T., e.g. Mark 13:20 οὐκ ἂν ἐσώθη πᾶσα σάρξ, Luke 1:37 οὐκ ἀδυνατήσει . . . πᾶν ρἧμα, as Jer 32:17 לֹאיִֿפָּלֵא מִמְּךָ כָּלדָּֿבָר, Gal 2:16 οὐ δικαιωθήσεται . . . πᾶσα σάρξ, etc.) Usually, in such cases, כל (or its genitive) is without the article, being left purposely indefinite: in Ps 49:18 (2 b a) הַכֹּל is emphatic (in Num 23:13 וְכֻלּוֺ לֹא תִרְאֶה the context shews that כֹּל is opposed to a part). feminine very anomalously, severed from its genitive, 2Sam 1:9 כִּיכָֿלעֿוֺד נַפְשִׁי בִי, Job 27:3 כִּיכָֿלעֿוֺד נִשְׁמָתִי בִי, Hos 14:3 (si vera lectio) כָּלתִּֿשָּׂא עָוֺן. On Eccl 5:15 ׳כָּלעֻֿמַּתשֶֿׂ see עֻמָּה.

Note. — When the genitive after כל is a noun feminine or plural, the predicate usually agrees with this (as being the really important idea), e.g. Gen 5:5 ויהיו כל ימי אדם, Num 14:1 וַתִּשָּׂא כָלהָֿעֵדָה, Nah 3:1; Ps 150:6 כָֹּל הַנְּשָׁמָה תְּהַלֵּל exceptions being very rare, Isa 64:10b Prov 16:2 (Ges^{«GKC:141»§ 141}. 1 R. 2).

2. Absolutely:
a. without the article, all things, all (mostly neuter, but sometimes masculine), the sense in which 'all' is to be taken being gathered from the context, Gen 9:3 נתתי לכם את כֹּל, Gen 16:12 וְיַד כֹּל בּוֺ, Gen 20:16 ואת כֹּל ונוכחת, Gen 33:11 וכי ישׁ לי כֹל, Num 8:16 בכור כֹּל מבני ישׂראל, Num 11:6 אֵין כֹּל nought of all things ! = there is nothing (so 2Sam 12:3; Prov 13:7, compare 2Kgs 4:2), 2Kgs 13:2 כֹּ֖ל נשׂיא בהם (compare 2Sam 23:28; 1Chr 3:9: usually so הַכֹּל), Deut 28:47 מֵרֹב כֹּל, vDeut 28:48 vDeut 28:37 בְּחֹסֶר כֹּל (compare Jer 44:18), Isa 30:5 כֹּל הֹבִאישׁ all exhibit shame, Isa 44:24 עשֶֹׁהכֹּֿל ׳י, Jer 44:12 וְתַמּוּ כֹל (unusual), Zeph 1:2; Ps 8:7; Ps 74:3 (read כֹּל הֵרַע), Ps 145:15 עיני כֹל, Prov 16:4; Prov 26:10; Prov 28:5; Job 13:1 הן כֹּל ראתה עיני, Job 42:2; 1Chr 29:11b 2Chr 32:22 (masculine), Dan 11:37 (see also 1 c end); מִכֹּל Gen 6:19; Gen 6:20b שְׁנַיִם מִכֹּל, Gen 14:20; Gen 27:33; Jer 17:9 עקוב הלב מִכֹּל, Dan 11:2 (masculine) After a negative = anything, Deut 4:25 תְּמוּנַת כֹּל the likeness of anything, Deut 8:9; Deut 28:55; Prov 30:30. In the genitive also, very rarely, to express the idea of all as comprehensively as possible: Ezek 44:30 כָּלבִּֿכּוּרֵי כֹל וְכָלתְּֿרוּמַת כֹּל; Ps 119:128 (si vera lectio) כָּלפִּֿקּוּדֵי כֹל all the statutes about everthing.
b. with art. הַכֹּל:
(a) where the sense is limited by the context to things (or persons) just mentioned, Exod 29:24 ושׂמת הַכֹּל ביד אהרן, Lev 1:9 והקטיר הכהן את הַכֹּל, vLev 1:13; Lev 8:27; Deut 2:36 לפנינו ׳את הַכֹּל נתן י, Josh 11:19 (compare 2Sam 19:31; 1Kgs 14:26 = 2Chr 12:9), 2Chr 21:43 הַכֹּל בָּא (compare 2Chr 23:14), 1Sam 30:19 הַכֹּל השׁיב דוד, 2Sam 17:3 (corrupt: see ᵐ5 Dr), 2Sam 24:23 (1Chr 21:23), 1Kgs 6:18 הַכֹּל ארז (compare 1Kgs 7:33; 2Kgs 25:17 = Jer 52:22), 2Kgs 24:16 הַכֹּל גבורים, Isa 65:8 לבלתי השׁחית הַכֹּל, Ps 14:3 or implied, Gen 16:12 יָדוֺ בַכֹּל, Gen 24:1 ברך את אברהם בַּכֹּל 2Sam 23:5 (poetry) עֲרֻכָה בַכֹּל, Isa 29:11 (peculiarly) חָזוּת הַכֹּל the vision of the whole, Jer 13:7; Jer 13:10 לא יצלח לַכֹּל, Ezek 7:14 וְהָכִין הַכֹּל (but Co וְהָכִינוּ הָכֵן), Ps 49:18 לא במותו יקח הַכֹּל: more frequently later, namely 1Chr 7:5 (as regards all), 1Chr 28:19; 1Chr 29:19; 2Chr 28:6; 2Chr 29:28; 2Chr 31:5; 2Chr 35:7; 2Chr 36:17; 2Chr 36:18; Ezra 1:11; Ezra 2:42; Ezra 8:34; Ezra 8:35; Ezra 10:17 (וַיְכַלּוּ בַכֹּל: see BeRy), Eccl 5:8 (בַּכֹּל, apparently = in all respects), Eccl 10:19; Eccl 12:13.
(b) in a wider sense, all, whether of all mankind or of all living things, the universe (τὸ πᾶν), or of all the circumstances of life (chiefly late), Jer 10:16 = Jer 51:19 כי יוצר הַכֹּל הוא, Ps 103:19 (compare 1Chr 29:12), 1Chr 119:21 הַכֹּל עֲבָדֶיךָ, 1Chr 145:9 לַכֹּל ׳טוֺב י, 1Chr 29:12; 1Chr 29:14; 1Chr 29:16; Dan 11:2, and especially in Ecclesiastes, as Eccl 1:2; Eccl 1:14; Eccl 2:11; Eccl 2:17; Eccl 3:19; Eccl 12:8 הַכֹּל הֶבֶל, Eccl 2:16 הכל נשׁכח, Eccl 3:1 לַכֹּל זְמָן, vEccl 3:11 vEccl 3:19 vEccl 3:20; Eccl 6:6; Eccl 7:15; Eccl 9:1; Eccl 9:2 (twice in verse); Eccl 9:3; Eccl 10:3; Eccl 10:19; Eccl 11:5. כַּכֹּל, Job 24:24 (si vera lectio) כַּכֹּל יִקָָּֽפְצוּן like all men (i.e. like men in general).

BDB9612 H3605 H3606 H6903

כֹּל, כָּלֿ: noun masculine the whole, all (Biblical Hebrew כֹּל); — emphatic כֹּלָּא Dan 2:40 +, construct כֹּל Dan 2:12; Dan 3:2 +, כָּלֿ Dan 2:8 +, suffix 3 masculine plural כָּלְּהוֺן (so Palmyrene Lzb²⁹⁶ Cooke^{No. 117}, Tariff ii.c.19 ii b. 18) Dan 2:38; Dan 7:19 (Qr feminine כָּכְּהֵּן); —

1. כֹּל חַכִּימֵי בָבֶכ the whole of ( = all) the wise men of B. Dan 3:2; Dan 3:3; Dan 3:5, etc.; Dan 6:2 כלמֿלכותא the whole ofthe kingdom, v.Dan 6:4 with suffix the whole of them, Dan 2:38; Dan 7:19.

2. with a singular noun, understood collectively, every, any, or with a negative none (Biblical Hebrew 1 b):Dan 3:29 דִּי כָלעַֿם אֻמָּה וְלִשָּׁן that every people, nation, and language, etc., Dan 6:8 מִןכָּֿלאֱֿלָה of any god, Ezra 6:12 כָּלמֶֿלֶח וְעַם; כל אנשׁ די every man who = whoever, Dan 3:10; Dan 5:7; Dan 6:13; Ezra 6:11; Dan 2:10 שׁאל כל מלך ֗֗֗ לא no king hath asked . . ., vDan 2:35; Dan 4:6; Dan 6:5; Dan 6:24 so כָּלדִּֿי (= Hebrew כָּלאְִֿשֶׁר) whoever Dan 6:8; Ezra 7:26, whatever vEzra 7:23, בְּכָלדִּֿי wherever Dan 2:38(compare אְִשֶׁר 4 b γ).

3. emphatic כֹּלָּא, used absolutely, as Hebrew הַכֹּל (Biblical Hebrew 2 b): Dan 2:40 חָשֵׁל כֹּלָּא crushing all things, Dan 4:9; Dan 4:18 וּמָזוֺן לְכֹלָּאבֵֿהּ and food for all was in it, v.Dan 4:25 כֹּלָּא מְטָא all came upon N. (compare חַכֹּל בָּא Josh 21:43), Ezra 5:7 שְׁלָמָא כֹלָּא all peace (K^{§ 83 d};) compare in Hebrew כֻּלּוּ etc., after their noun : Biblical Hebrew 1 d a). — For כָּלקְָֿבֵל see קְָבֵל.

all, every, any, whole, one, …

kōl

properly, the whole; hence, all, any or every (in the singular only, but often in a plural sense)

all, the whole

all, the whole of

מִשְׁלַ֣ח

Root word settest, puttest, sending, forth, lay, …

Dictionary form: מִשְׁלוֹחַ · mish-LOH-ah

Noun — Common, masculine singular, construct state "___ of …" — bound to the next word

In the KJV here: that ye put

that thou settest ×3 and of sending ×2 that thou puttest ×2 for the sending forth ×1 that ye put ×1 they shall lay ×1

More options

sending — Broadest fit; covers most contextual uses naturally.

dispatch — Formal register; suits official or deliberate sending.

undertaking — Idiomatic for 'what one sets hand to'; activity or endeavor.

reach — Good for physical extension of the hand or grasp.

laying (of hands) — Prefer when the action of placing or applying is central.

mission — Fits contexts of purposeful, directed sending or assignment.

BDB8715 H4916

מִשְׁלַח noun [masculine]

1. outstretching;

2. place of letting loose; — ׳מ only construct:

1. ׳יַד פ ׳בְּכָלמֿ in every outstretching of one's hand, = every undertaking, Deut 12:7; Deut 12:18; Deut 15:10; Deut 23:21; Deut 28:8; Deut 28:20.

2. ׳למ שׁוֺר וּלְמִרְמַס שֶׂה Isa 7:25 (√ Pi`el 3 especially Isa 32:20).

BDB8716 H4916

מִשְׁלוֺחַ noun [masculine]

1. outstretching;

2. sending; — ׳מ only construct:

1. יָדָם ׳מ Isa 11:14 Edom and Moab are the outstretching of their hand (that of which they take possession, compare √ Qal 3).

2. מִשְׁלֹחַ מָנוֺת אִישׁ לְרֵעֵהוּ Esth 9:19; Esth 9:22 the sending of portions to each other.

settest, puttest, sending, forth, lay, …

mišlôaḥ

a sending out, i.e., (abstractly) presentation (favorable), or seizure (unfavorable); also (concretely) a place of dismissal, or a business to be discharged

outstretching, sending, sending forth

יֶדְ כֶ֔ם

יֶדְ

Root word hand, hands, by, next, power, …

כֶ֔ם

Suffix — pronoun your / you (a group)

Dictionary form: יָד · yawd

Noun — Common, both singular, construct state "___ of …" — bound to the next word

In the KJV here: your hand

his hand ×100 hand ×94 into the hand ×56 thine hand ×53 by the hand ×51 in his hand ×47 the hand ×46 by ×36

More options

hand — Most common rendering; use for literal physical hand.

power — Prefer when יָד conveys authority or control over someone.

care — Use for custody, charge, or stewardship contexts.

side — Spatial sense; beside or next to a location.

strength — When emphasizing capacity or force rather than body part.

control — Modern alternative to 'dominion'; fits governance contexts.

BDB3437 H3027

יָד₁₆₀₄ noun feminine^{Gen 25:26} + often (masculine Exod 17:12 see Di; on יִרְפּוּ יָדַיִם 2Sam 4:1; Zeph 3:16; 2Chr 15:7; Neh 6:9, see Ges^{«GKC:145»§ 145}, 7 a, R. 1) hand (Late Hebrew id.; Aramaic יְדָא, ; Zinjirliיד DHM^{Sendsch.Gloss}; Arabic ; Sabean יד DHM^{ZMG 1883, 343} Mordt^{ib. 1879, 492}; Ethiopic : (see Lag^{BN 22}); Samaritan ; Assyrian îdu, strength COT^Gloss; — der by most from √ לי֞, on ground of plural and suffix forms in cognate languages, see especially Philippi^{ZMG 1878, 74} Ba^{ZMG 1887, 637} but no trace of final י or ו in Hebrew, and meaning of such √ לי֞ not clear; Thes and others from ידה extend, throw, but this in Arabic Ethiopic פו֞, not פי֞, compare Hebrew Hiph`il; Philippi compare Arabic IV. strengthen; — Sta^{§ 182, 183 regards} יד as biliteral) — absolute יָד Gen 38:28 +; construct יַד Gen 41:35 +; suffix יָדִי Gen 14:22 +; יָדְךָ Gen 22:12 + יָדְכָה Exod 13:16 יֶדְכֶם Gen 9:2 +; יֶדְכֶן Ezek 13:21 (twice in verse); Ezek 13:23, etc.; dual יָדַיִם Gen 34:21 +; construct יְדֵי Gen 24:30 + וִידֵי Exod 15:17 +, etc.; feminine plural (in figurative senses) absoluteיָדוֺת Gen 43:24 + 8 t.; יָדֹת Gen 47:24 + 2 t.; construct וִידוֺת 1Kgs 7:32 suffix יְדֹתָיו Exod 26:19 (twice in verse) + 2 t.; cstr יְדֹתֶיהָ 1Kgs 7:35; 1Kgs 7:36.; יְדוֺתָם 1Kgs 7:33 —

1. hand of man Gen 3:22; Gen 4:11; Gen 8:9 + often; תַּבְנִית יָד Ezek 8:3 the shape of a hand (of God in Ezek,'s vision); of cherubim יַד אָדָם ׳ת Ezek 10:8, דְּמוּת יְדֵי אָדָם V:21:
a. right hand יַדיְֿמִינ (וֺׅ Gen 48:17 (JE), Judg 7:20; 2Sam 20:9; Jer 22:24; Ezek 39:3; Ps 73:23; Ps 121:5 הַיְמָנִית[ ם]יד Exod 29:20; Lev 8:23; Lev 8:24; Lev 14:14; Lev 14:17; Lev 14:25; Lev 14:28 (all P); a left-handed man is אִטֵּר יַדיְֿמִינוֺ Judg 3:15; Judg 20:16 (V.אטר); left hand יַד שְׂמאֹל(וֺׅ Judg 3:21; Judg 7:20; Ezek 39:8 both hands of one person are denoted by dual, יָדַיִם Gen 27:22; 2Kgs 3:11 + often; occasionally + numeral, שְׁתֵּי יָדָ֑י Deut 9:15; Deut 9:17, so Lev 16:21 (P); dual also of hands of several persons Gen 5:29; Exod 29:10; Exod 29:15; Exod 29:19; Deut 31:29; 2Kgs 11:16 = 2Chr 23:15; Ezek 21:12 +; yet sometimes singular of hand of several persons Gen 19:16; Exod 29:9; Lev 8:24; Deut 1:25; Deut 17:7 (twice in verse); Judg 7:20 (twice in verse) +
b. שְׁתֵּי כַּפּוֺת ידיו 1Sam 5:4 the two palms of his hands; כַּפּוֺת הידים 2Kgs 9:35; Dan 10:10 אַצִּילוֺת יָדֶיךָ armpits Jer 38:12; Ezek 13:18 בֹּהֶן יָדָיו Exod 29:20 (P) = his thumbs (opposed to בֹּהֶן רַגְלָם); בְּהֹנוֺת יד(יו) ורגל(יוׅ Judg 1:6; Judg 1:7 bracelets were worn on hands, i.e. wrists Gen 24:22; Gen 24:30; Gen 24:47 (J), compare thread bound on hand of Zerach Gen 38:28 (twice in verse); Gen 38:29; Gen 38:30 (J), and cords on hands of Samson Judg 15:14 the ring was worn on hand, i.e. finger Gen 41:42 (E), Esth 3:10.
c.as to hands in use, note זְרֹעֵי ידיו Gen 49:24 arms of his hands, i.e. arms which make his hands serviceable; מִלֵּא יָדוֺ בַּקֶּשֶׁת 2Kgs 9:24 he filled his hand with the bow, i.e. caused his hand to grasp it, seized it; הַרְכֵּב יָדְךָ עַלהַֿקֶּשֶׁת 2Kgs 13:16 (twice in verse); especially figurative of consecrating or installing (as priest), מִלֵּא יַד he filled the hand of any one (perhaps originally gave the selected portions of animal-sacrifices to, see Lev 8:25 ff, so Di), installed as priest Judg 17:5; Judg 17:12. 1Kgs 13:33 (followed by וְ subordinate); elsewhere only P and late: Exod 28:41 (|| קִדַּשׁ), Exod 29:9 also vExod 29:29 (|| משׁח), vExod 29:33 קדּשׁ, vExod 29:35; Lev 8:33; Lev 2:9; Lev 16:33, followed by infinitive Lev 16:33 (|| משׁח), Lev 21:10 (|| יוּצַק שֶׁמֶן), Num 3:3(|| משׁח); מִלֵּאתֶם יֶרְכֶם ליהוה 2Chr 29:31 = ye have consecrated yourselves to ׳י, is addressed apparently to the whole congregation (otherwise Be Öttli, and Di Exod 32:29); so the same expression Exod 32:29 so the same expression Exod 32:29 (possibly) and 1Chr 29:5 (certainly) of offering gifts to ׳י; מִלְאוּ יָד֯ו Ezek 43:26 of consecrating the altar (|| כִּפֶּר, טִהַר); שָׁלַח יַד לְ Judg 5:26 stretch out hand to, so ישׁלח אֶלֿ 2Sam 6:6 (insert ידו Vrss Dr); hence מִשְׁלַח יד(כ)ם that to which one puts the hand, figurative, = undertaking, Deut 12:7; Deut 12:18; Deut 15:10; Deut 23:21; Deut 28:8; Deut 28:20 ; שׁלח יד also in hostile sense, with בְּ, Exod 22:7; 1Sam 24:7; 1Sam 24:11; 1Sam 26:11; Ps 55:21 +; compare מוֺאָב מִשְׁלוֺחַ יָדָם Isa 11:14 אֶבֶןיָֿד Num 35:17 (P) a stone (thrown from) the hand; כְּלִי עֵץיָֿד vNum 35:18 a weapon in the hand; מַקֵּל יָד Ezek 39:9 a staff in the hand; idols are ׳מַעֲשֵׂה יְדֵי וגו Isa 2:8 + often see מַעֲשֶׂה; man is work of God's hand Job 14:15.
d. special phrases: kissing with the hand וַתִּשַּׁק יָדִי לְפִי Job 31:27 (in silence) יָדִי שַׂמְתִּי לְמוֺ פִי Job 40:4; Mic 7:16 (עַלפֶּֿה); the creditor is בַּעַל מַשֵּׁה יָדוֺ Deut 15:2 the debt מַשָּׁא כָליָֿד Neh 10:32 תְּרוּמַת יֶדְכֶם Deut 12:6; Deut 12:11; Deut 12:17 heave-offering of your hand; the hand is placed תחת יָרֵךְ in taking an oath Gen 24:2 (J); lifted (הרים) to ׳י Gen 14:22 so perhaps יָד עַלכֵּֿס יָהּ Exod 17:16 (E) hand on the throne of Yah ! (but difficult, see Di VB); often with ׃נשׂא the hand is lifted (נשׂא) to heaven Deut 32:40 (of ׳י's oath, poem); elsewhere chiefly Ezekiel and P: simply lift (נשׂא) the hand (= נשׁבע), sq, infinitive Exod 6:8; Num 14:30 (both P), Ezek 20:28; Ezek 20:42; Ezek 47:14 followed by לְ person Ezek 20:5 (twice in verse) (strike out Co as gloss); followed by לְ person + infinitive Ezek 20:6; Ezek 20:15; Ezek 20:23 absolute Ezek 36:7 hence (citations) Neh 9:15; Ps 106:26 compare Neh 8:6 the people answered אָמֵן אָמֵן בְּמֹעַל יְדֵיהֶם; נשׂא יד(יםׅ elsewhere (of men) in prayer Ps 28:2 compare Ps 68:32, and יָדִי לַיְלָה נִגְּרָה Ps 77:3. Also of God, to give a signal Isa 49:29 to rescue Ps 10:12. יְנֹפֵף יָדוֺ Isa 10:32 he brandisheth his hand (Assyrian, in defiance); הֵנִיף יָדוֺ Isa 11:15 (of ׳י in judgment), compareIsa 19:16; Zech 2:13 (followed byעל); הֵנִיעַ יָדוֺ); Zeph 2:15 (in derision); הוֺשִׁיעַ ידלְ one's hand bringing deliverance to, gaining success, by force, for 1Sam 25:26 + (see Dr), insert also v1Sam 25:31 (ᵐ5 We Dr); the hand is weary יָגְָֽעָה 2Sam 23:10, it cleaves (דבק) to the sword (אֶלהַֿחֶרֶב) v2Sam 23:10 (both omitted by accident in || 1Chr 11:13, see VB); שֶׁכֶר יָד Lev 21:9 (H) fracture of hand = arm (|| שֶׁבֶר רגל); after נָתַן: give a pledge וִיִּתְּנוּ יָדָם לְהוֺצִיא נְשֵׁיהֶם Ezra 10:19 submit נָתַן יַד תַּחַת שְׁלֹמֹה 1Chr 29:24, i.e. they acknowledged him as their lord; תְּנויָֿד ליהוה; 2Chr 30:8 other phrase with preposition see below
e. of hand as strong, helpful, etc.: — (I) of man : עֹצֶם יָדִי Deut 8:17 (|| כֹּחִי); of fighting power of Edom בְּיָד חֲזָקָה Num 20:20 (J E; || בְּעַם כָּבֵד; compare below of God); קִצְרֵייָֿד small in power 2Kgs 19:26 = Isa 37:27 (compare below of God); Israel went out of Egypt בְּיָד רָמָה according to P, Exod 14:8; Num 33:3 i.e. boldly, defiantly; same phrase of presumptuousness (against ׳י) Num 15:30 (P, compare יָדֵנוּ רָ֫מָהDeut 32:27). Phrases of strengthening are: חִזַּק יָדָתו Judg 9:24; Neh 6:9 חִזֵּק בְּיָדַיִם Ezra 1:6 החזיק בְּיַדֿ Job 8:20 (see חזק); לִהְיוֺת יָדָיו אִתּוֺ 2Kgs 15:19 that his hands might be with him, to confirm the kingdom in his hand; note also מִיהֿוּא לְיָדִי יִתָּקֵעַ Job 17:3 who is he (that) will strike his hand into mine, i.e. give me a pledge (see below תקע); strength fails when hands drop: וַיִּרְפּוּ יָדָיו 2Sam 4:1 then his hands dropped down, he grew feeble, spiritless (see רפה); רְפֵי יָדַיִם 2Sam 17:2 weak-handed, weak (|| יָגֵעַ). (2) of (mighty) hand of God, pointing to earlier anthropomorphism; as strengthening Joseph Gen 49:24 (poem in J); as stretched out (שׁלח) to smite Exod 9:15 (J); so of ׳מַלְאַךְ י 2Sam 24:16, followed by accusative + לְ infinitive, opposed to הֶ֫רֶף יָדֶ֑ךָ v2Sam 24:16 as smiting (נָָֽגְעָה בְּ) 1Sam 6:9; Job 19:21 as against (בְ among, in) cattle, etc., vJob 19:3 (J); city 1Sam 5:9 the murrain v1Sam 5:3 (J); יַדיֿהוה as heavy against (כבדה אֶל) 1Sam 5:6 שָׁם כָּֽבְדָה v1Sam 5:11 קָֽשְׁתה עַל v1Sam 5:7 of withdrawal of ׳י's chastising hand תָּסוּר יָדוֺ מִכֶּם 1Sam 6:3 and (׳י subject) יָקֵל אֶתיָֿדוֺ מֵעֲלֵיכֶם v1Sam 6:5 of ׳י's power to deliver his people: — חֹ֫זֶק יָד Exod 13:3; Exod 13:14; Exod 13:16 (all J E) ; יָד חֲזָקָה Exod 6:1 (twice in verse) (JE), Exod 13:9 (JE), Deut 6:21; Deut 7:8; Josh 4:24 (D); esp: in phrase (בְּ)יָד חֲזָקָה וּ(בִ)זְרוֺעַ נְטוּיָה Deut 4:34 + (see זְרוֺעַ p. 284); יד חזקה + כֹּחַ גָּדוֺל Exod 32:11 (JE), Neh 1:10 תִּקְצָ֑ר הֲיַד ׳י Num 11:23 (JE) is the hand of ׳י shortened ? Isa 50:2; Isa 59:1 (both followed by מִן); יָד נְטוּיָה in judgment Isa 9:11; Isa 9:16; Isa 9:20; Isa 10:4 עלי(וׅ ׳הָֽיְתָה יַדיֿ of grasp of ׳י's hand in prophetic inspiration Ezek 1:3; Ezek 3:22; Ezek 37:1; Ezek 40:1; 2Kgs 3:15 עָלַי חזקה ׳יַדיֿ Ezek 3:14 so בְּחֶזְקַת הַיָּד֑ Isa 8:11 of God's (׳י's) good hand = favour, (late) אלה(יו) טוֺבָה על(יו) יַד Ezra 7:9; Ezra 8:18; Neh 2:8; Neh 2:18 without טוֺבָה Ezra 7:6; Ezra 7:28; Ezra 8:22; Ezra 8:31 followed by inf, יַד האלהים לָתֵת לָהֶם 2Chr 30:12 בְּיָָֽדְךָ לְגַדֵּל 1Chr 29:12 in general כֹּחַ וּגְבוּרָה בְּיָָֽדְךָ v1Chr 29:12 of protection בְּצֵל יָדוֺ Isa 49:2 in the shadow of his (׳י's) hand.

2. Figurative= strength, power: — לָנוּס לֹא הָיָה בָהֶם יָדָיִם Josh 8:20 (JE) there was not in them strength to flee; לֹא מָֽצְאוּ כָלאַֿנְשֵׁיחַֿיִל יְדֵיהֶם Ps 76:6 none of the men of might have found their hands, i.e. their powers are paralyzed in death (|| נָמוּ שְׁנָתָם); with reference to pecuniary ability: תַּ גִּיעַ יָדוֺ דֵּי שֶׂה Lev 5:7 (on this and others with דֵּי see דַּי p. 191); לִשְׁתֵּי תוֺרִים תַּגִּיעַ יָדוֺ vLev 5:11 if his hand do not reach to two turtledoves; אֵין יָדוֺ מַשֶּׂגֶת Lev 14:21 if his hand be unable to reach; so combinations with נשׂג Hiph`il: vLev 14:22 vLev 14:30 vLev 14:31 vLev 14:32; Num 6:21 (all foregoing P), Lev 25:26; Lev 25:47; Lev 25:49; Lev 27:8 (all H), Ezek 46:7 כְּמִתְּנַת יָדוֺ Deut 16:17 according to the giving of his hand, i.e. his ability; similarly מַתַּת יָדוֺ Ezek 46:5; Ezek 46:11 on יֶשׁלְֿאֵל יָדִי Gen 31:29, etc., see II. אֵל above; other phrase with preposition see below; of dominion of king לְהָשִׁיב יָדוֺ בְּ 2Sam 8:3 read probably as || 1Chr 18:3 לְהַצִּיב יָדוֺ בְּ to establish his dominion at; hand = display of strength, action of ׳י Ps 78:42; Job 27:11; Deut 34:12 especially ׳הַיָּד הַיָּד הַגְּדֹלָה אֲשֶׁר עָשָׂה י Exod 14:31 (J) = the great achievement which ׳י did.

3. Figurative= side:
a. of way יַד דֶּרֶךְ 1Sam 4:13 Qr (Kt יך; but read probably לְיַד השׁער see Dr.).
b. of gate בְּעַד יַדהַֿשַּׁעַר 1Sam 4:18 (text dubious, see Dr).
c. of stream or wady כָּליַֿד נַחַל יַבֹּק Deut 2:37. Especially dual:
d. of land, ארץ רַחֲבַת יָדַיִם Gen 34:21 (P) the land is wide of (on) both hands, i.e. in both directions, Judg 18:10; Isa 22:18; 1Chr 4:40 of city Neh 7:4 of sea Ps 104:25 of streams רַחֲבֵי יָדָ֑יִם Isa 33:21 מִיּד כִּתִּים Num 24:24 (JE) from the direction of Kittim. — Other phrase with preposition see below
e. side = place, properly place at one side לְךָ מִחוּץ לַמַּחֲנֶה וְיָד תִּהְיֶה Deut 23:13 אִישׁ אֶתיָֿדוֺ Jer 6:3 each (in) his place; so כָּלאִֿישׁ עַליָֿדוֺ Num 2:17 (P); — see other phrases with preposition below

4. יָד is used in various special, technical senses: —
a. sign, monument 1Sam 15:12; 2Sam 18:18.
b. part, fractional part or share: of seed Gen 47:24 (J); share in king 2Sam 19:44 of fighting men 2Kgs 11:17 of people Neh 11:1
c. time, repetition Gen 43:34 (J), Dan 1:20. Also feminine plural (only in figure senses): —
d. axle-trees 1Kgs 7:32; 1Kgs 7:33 (ᵑ6 ).
e. stays, supports for laver 1Kgs 7:35; 1Kgs 7:36 stays at sides of throne 1Kgs 10:19 (twice in verse) = 2Chr 9:18 (twice in verse). feminine tenons on sides of boards of tabernacle שְׁתֵּי יָדוֺת Exod 26:17 (P), also vExod 26:19 vExod 26:19; Exod 36:22; Exod 36:24 (twice in verse).
g. יָד חָזִית Isa 57:8 according to Hi De Che Or Brd Du and most = a phallus thou beholdest; this favoured by context but without support in Hebrew usage; Di a (beckoning) hand.

5. יַד with preposition: —
a. אֶליַֿד: — (1) after verb of motion, into the charge, custody, of Esth 2:3; Esth 2:8 (twice in verse); Esth 2:14 (2) אֶליַֿד by the side of gate 2Sam 18:4 אֶליָֿדִי by my side, next to me 2Sam 14:30 אֶליַֿד דֶּרֶךְ Ezek 48:1 a; אֶליַֿד חֲמָת v^b (but on text see Co); compare also לְיַד, עַליַֿד.
b. בְּיַד into the hand: (1) נָתַן בְּיַד give into the hand of, literally, Gen 27:17 (2) into the possession of נָתַן בְּיַד Exod 10:25 (JE); especially (3) נתן ביד = give into the power of, deliver over to Josh 6:2; Josh 7:7 (both J E), Deut 1:27; Judg 2:14 a Judg 13:1; Judg 15:12; 1Kgs 22:6; 2Kgs 18:30; 2Kgs 19:10 מָכַר בְּיַד sell into the hand of Judg 2:14 b Judg 3:8; Judg 4:2; Judg 4:9; Judg 10:7 נפל בְּיַד) fall into the hand of Judg 15:18; 2Sam 24:14 וַיְשַׁלְּחֵם בְּיַד פִּשְׁעָם Job 8:4 and he delivered them into the power of their transgression, gave them over to it; also Isa 64:6, which read וַתְּמַגְּנֵנוּ for ᵑ0 וַתְּמוּגֵנוּ; (4) נתן בְּיַד = entrust to Gen 30:35; Gen 32:17.
c. בְּיַד in the hand of: (1) literal מַטְּךָ אֲשֶׁר בְּיָדֶ֑ךָ Gen 38:18 (J) thy staff which is in thy hand, Exod 7:17 (J), Exod 17:9 (E), Exod 32:15; Num 22:23; Num 22:31; Josh 5:13; Josh 8:18 (all J E), 1Sam 13:22; 1Sam 14:27; 1Sam 17:50; 1Sam 18:10; 1Sam 20:10; 2Kgs 11:8; 2Kgs 11:11 = 2Chr 23:7; Amos 7:7; Isa 6:6; Ezek 40:3; Ezek 40:5; Ezek 47:3; Zech 2:5; Zech 8:4 אֵין בְּיָדִי רָעָה וָפֶ֫שַׁע 1Sam 14:12 there is not in my hand evil or transgression (originally probably of stains of blood, or other evidences of crime); מַהבְּֿיָדִי רָעָה 1Sam 26:18 (2) figurative in the possession of, Exod 21:16 (JE); נִמְצָא בְּיָדִי 1Sam 9:8 there is found in my hand, i.e. I happen to have (1/4 shekel); (3) in the (physical) power of Gen 16:6 (J; compare תִּתְעַנִּי תַּחַת יָדֶיהָ vGen 16:9), Job 1:12 בְּיַד לָשׁוֺן Prov 18:21 in the power of a tongue; in the care or charge of, entrusted to, Gen 39:23 (J); under the authority of 2Sam 18:2 (3 t. in verse); Num 31:49 (P); — Jer 41:9 (AV because of Gedaliah), read בּוֺר גָּדוֺל הוּא for ביד גדליהו הוא ᵐ5 Hi Kue Gf Che Gie Dr^{Sm 291}; (4) בְּיַד also with verbs of taking, וַיִּקַּח בְּיָדוֺ אֶתהָֿאֵשׁ Gen 22:6 and he took the fire in his hand, Exod 4:17; Exod 4:20; Exod 4:21 (all E), 1Sam 17:40; 2Kgs 9:1 thence to denote accompaniment, taking or being with one Josh 9:11 (JE), 2Sam 8:10; 1Kgs 14:3; 2Kgs 5:5 אִישׁ שׁוֺרוֺ בְּיָדוֺ 1Sam 14:34 compare 1Sam 16:2 קַח בְּיָָֽדְךָ שְׁלשִׁים אֲנָשִׁים Jer 38:10.
d. בְּיַד by the agency or instrumentality of Gen 38:20 (J), Judg 6:36; 1Sam 11:7; 1Sam 16:20; 2Sam 3:18; 2Sam 10:2; 2Sam 11:4; 2Sam 12:25; 2Kgs 14:27 (the original literal sense discernible in some of these); especially of ׳י's speaking by the agency of prophets Exod 9:35 (R), Lev 8:36; Lev 10:11; Num 4:37; Num 4:45; Num 9:23; Num 10:13; Num 17:5; Josh 14:2; Josh 20:2; Josh 21:2; Josh 21:8 (all P), 1Sam 28:15; 1Sam 28:17; 1Kgs 16:7; 1Kgs 16:12; 1Kgs 16:34; 2Kgs 9:36; 2Kgs 17:13; 2Kgs 17:23; 2Chr 1:17; 2Chr 7:6; 2Chr 10:15; 2Chr 33:8; 2Chr 34:14; 2Chr 35:6; Neh 8:14; Neh 9:14; Neh 9:30 ׳מוּת בְּיַד י Exod 16:3 (P) die by the hand of ׳י; בְּיַד by or at the side of (very rare) Zech 4:12 olive-branches beside the two golden pipes; = near to, in time, נָכוֺן בְּיָדוֺ יוֺם חשֶׁךְ Job 15:23 ready at his hand is a day of darkness (i.e. near at hand).
e. כְּיַד הַמֶּלֶךְ 1Kgs 10:13 according to the hand of the king, i.e. his royal munificence, so Esth 2:18 compare Esth 1:7. feminine לְיַד by the side of 1Sam 19:3; 1Chr 18:17; 1Chr 23:28; Neh 11:24; Prov 8:3; Ps 140:6.
g. מִיַּד out of the hand: — (1) out of power of, often nearly = מִן, used idomatically with many verbs: with הִצִּיל Ps 32:12 (twice in verse) (J), Exod 2:19; Exod 18:9; Exod 18:10 (twice in verse) (all J E), 1Sam 17:37 מִתַּחַת יַד Exod 18:10 (J E; so with פשׁע 2Chr 21:8; 2Chr 21:10 (twice in verse); compare
i. below); of animals מִיַּד 1Sam 17:37 (twice in verse), מִיַּדכֶּֿלֶב Ps 22:21 even of inanimate things הִצִּיל מִיַּד לֶהָבָה Isa 47:14 with לָקַח Num 21:26 (JE), 1Kgs 11:34; 1Kgs 11:35 with קָרַע v1Kgs 11:12 v1Kgs 11:31 with מִלֵּט, מִיַּד שְׁאוֺל ׳מ Ps 89:49 with פָּדָה, מִיַּד שְׁאוֺל ׳פ Hos 13:14 (|| מִמָּ֫וֶת), Ps 49:16 מִידֵי חֶרֶב ׳פ Job 5:20 pregnantly יִשְׁפְּטֵנִי מִיָּדֶ֑ךָ 1Sam 24:16 may he (׳י) judge (and save) me out of thy hand; so 2Sam 18:19 and (with רִיב for שׁפט) 1Sam 25:39 (2) מִיּד of separation, מִיָָּֽדְךָ נִגְזָ֑רוּ Ps 88:6 of wicked, cut off from nearness to God; (3) מִיַּד דָּרַשׁ exact (at the hand) of 2Sam 4:11; Gen 9:5 (twice in verse) (P), Ezek 33:6; Ezek 34:10 (= דָּרַשׁ מֵעִם Deut 18:19), also of animals Gen 9:5 בִּקֵּשׁ מִיַּד Ezek 33:8 קָנָה מִיַּד Ruth 4:5; Ruth 4:9 acquire at the hand of; with reference to offerings הִקְרִיב מִיַּד Lev 22:25 (H), רָצָה מִיֵּד (׳י subject) Mal 1:10; Mal 1:13 רָצוֺן מִיַּד לָקַח Mal 2:13.
h. עַליֿד(יׅ: — (1) upon the hand(s) of תְּנָה אֹתוֺ עַליָֿדִי Gen 42:37 = entrust him to me (E; literally put him upon my hand); חָ֑רֶב יַגִּירֻהוּ עַליְֿדֵיֿ Ps 63:11 they shall pour him out upon the hands of the sword = deliver him up to the sword; so Jer 18:21; Ezek 35:5 (2) עַליַֿד, עַליְֿדֵי according to the hand(s) of = at the guidance, direction of: עַליַֿד 1Chr 25:2 a 2Chr 26:13 עַליְֿדֵי Jer 5:31; Jer 33:13, and especially Chronicles: 1Chr 25:2b; 1Chr 25:3; 1Chr 25:6 (twice in verse); עַליְֿדֵי דָוִיד 2Chr 23:18; Ezra 3:10 עַליְֿדֵי כְּלִי דָוִיד 2Chr 29:27 according to the guidance of the instruments of David; (3) by the side of, way הַשַּׁעַר עַליַֿד דֶּרֶךְ 2Sam 15:2 river עַליַֿד (היארׅ Exod 2:5 (E), Num 13:29 (J E; || עַלהַֿיָּם), Jer 46:6; Dan 10:4 city Josh 15:46 (JE); person ( = in the company of) 2Sam 15:18 people 2Chr 21:16 especially late עַליַֿד next to (in a series) 2Chr 17:15; 2Chr 17:16; 2Chr 17:18; 2Chr 31:15; Neh 3:2 (twice in verse) + 13 t. Neh 3; Neh 13:13 עַליְֿדֵי by the side of Judg 11:26 people עַליְֿדֵי (אדוםׅ Num 34:3 (P), 1Chr 7:29 cattle Job 1:14 שִׁיר הֶעֱמִיד עַליְֿדֵי 1Chr 6:16 he stationed them by the side of song, i.e. to watch over the singing.
i. תַּחַת יַד under the hand = in the possession, at the disposal of; ׳וְאִין יֶשׁפֹּֿה תַֿחַתיָָֽֿדְךָ חֲנִית וגו 1Sam 21:9 = in the power of, subject to Isa 3:6 come, thou shalt be our ruler and this ruin under thy hand; plural followed by verb, וְהִתְעַנִּי תַּחַת יָדֶיהָ Gen 16:9 (J) and submit thyself under her hands, her authority, Isa 3:6. — מִתַּחַת יַד see
g. (1) above, and below תַּחַת.

**For מִתַּחַת יַך, 2Kgs 8:20; 2Kgs 8:22 ( = 2Chr 21:8; 2Chr 21:10), 2Chr 13:5; 2Chr 17:7.

BDB3535 H3027 H3197

יך 1Sam 4:13 Kt; error for יד Qr.

BDB9569 H3027 H3028

יַד noun feminine^{Dan 5:5} hand (see Biblical Hebrew); — construct ׳י Ezra 5:12 +; emphatic יְדָא Dan 5:5; Dan 5:24 suffix יְדִי Dan 3:15, יְדָךְ vDan 3:17, יְדֵהּEzra 6:12, יֶדְהֹם (K^{§ 53. 2. a})) Ezra 5:8, etc.; dual absolute בִּידַ֫יִן Dan 2:34; Dan 2:45 —

1. hand of man Dan 2:34; Dan 2:45; Ezra 5:8; Ezra 6:12, and (in vision) Dan 5:5 (twice in verse); Dan 5:24 figurative בִּידָח in thy possession Ezra 7:14; Ezra 7:25 figurative of God Ezra 4:32.

2. power, of man Dan 2:38; Dan 3:15; Dan 3:17; Dan 7:28; Ezra 5:12, of God Dan 5:23 of lion Dan 6:28 (al. paw).

hand, hands, by, next, power, …

yād

a hand (the open one [indicating power, means, direction, etc.], in distinction from H3709, the closed one); used (as noun, adverb, etc.) in a great variety of applications, both literally and figuratively, both proximate and remote [as follows]

hand

hand (of man)

sign, monument

Breakdown unavailable for this word. Dictionary form: אַתָּה · at-TAW

Noun — masculine plural plural — usually add "-s"

In the KJV here: unto ye

thou ×485 ye ×157 and thou ×54 art thou ×32 but thou ×31 and ye ×23 but ye ×13 shalt thou ×11

More options

you — Standard modern singular/plural pronoun; default choice.

you yourself — Adds emphasis when the Hebrew is contrastive or emphatic.

you alone — Highlights exclusivity; use when context stresses uniqueness.

as for you — Topicalizing construction; good for sentence-initial emphasis.

BDB614 H859

אַתָּ֫ה, אָ֑תָּה (so regularly; but 26-7 t., with different disjunctive accents, ׃אַ֑תָּה see Fr^{MM 228}; Sta^{§ 178 a} (read 8 for 18) pronoun 2 singular masculine thou (for anta, see above; compare נָתַתָּ for נָתַנְתָּ) Gen 3:11; Gen 3:19 + often written אַתָּ 1Sam 24:19; Ps 6:4; Job 1:10; Eccl 7:22; Neh 9:6. Appended to a verb for emphasis, Exod 18:19 (twice in verse); 1Sam 17:56 שְׁאַל אַתָּה inquire thou, 1Sam 20:8; 1Sam 22:18; Isa 43:26 סַפֵּר אַתָּה. Added for the purpose of strengthening a genitive or accusative suffix 1Kgs 21:19; Prov 22:19 (Ges^{«GKC:135»§ 135}.2).

BDB615 H859

אתי, i.e. אַתִּי, the older & more original form of אַתְּ thou (feminine), preserved, probably dialectically, 7 t. in Kt, Judg 17:2; 1Kgs 14:2; 2Kgs 4:16; 2Kgs 4:23; 2Kgs 8:1; Jer 4:30; Ezek 36:13. (V. above as in Syriac, the י may not have been fully sounded: the Masoretes direct אַתְּ to be everywhere read.)

BDB616 H859

אַתְּ, אָ֑תְּ pronoun 2 singular feminine thou (feminine) (shortened from אַתִּי (q. v.); in Syriac the two genders are written differently, , , but, the not being sounded, are pronounced alike: in ᵑ7 both are written אַתְּ or אַנְתְּ) Gen 12:11; Gen 12:13; Gen 24:23 + often Thrice Num 11:15; Deut 5:24; Ezek 28:14 used as a masculine (as in Aramaic of ᵑ7); but probably אַתָּ (see below אַתָּה) should be here read.

BDB617 H859

אַתֶּם pronoun 2 masculine plural you (masculine) (for antem, see above) Gen 9:7; Gen 26:27; Gen 29:4 + often with הֲ, הָאַתֶּם Judg 6:31 following the verb for emphasis Judg 15:12; Jer 34:15 construed inaccurately with a feminine Ezek 13:20.

BDB618 H859

אַתֵּן Ezek 34:31 (many editions אַתֶּן), אַתֵּ֫נָה Gen 31:6; Ezek 13:11; Ezek 13:20 (editions אַתֵּ֫נָּה) Ezek 34:17 pronoun 2 feminine plural you (feminine)

BDB9323 H607 H859

אנתה Kt₁₄ (i.e. אַנְתָּה, peculiar to Biblical Aramaic; Qr אַנְתְּ) pronoun 2 masculine singular thou (Biblical Hebrew אַתָּה; Cappadocian and Egyptian Aramaic אנת (Lab^{Eph. 1. 67}; S-C^{A 11} +, feminine אנתי ib. D9, 11, 26+), Nerab את (Cooke^{186. 190}), Palmyrene אנת (ib. 308); ᵑ7^Onk את, ᵑ7^J אנת (^{§ 16. 1}); Syriac ); — thou, Dan 2:29; Dan 2:31; Dan 2:37; Dan 2:38 etc., Ezra 7:25.

BDB9324 H608 H859

אַנְתּוּן pronoun 2 masculine plural ye, you (Biblical Hebrew אַתֶּם), Dan 2:8.

thou, ye, you, thee, thyself, …

ʾattâ

thou and thee, or (plural) ye and you

you (second pers. sing. masc.)

וּ בָֽתֵּי כֶ֑ם

וּ

Prefix — connector and (sometimes: but, so, then)

בָֽתֵּי

Root word house, houses, household, home, within, …

כֶ֑ם

Suffix — pronoun your / you (a group)

Dictionary form: בַּיִת · ba-YIT

Noun — Common, masculine plural, construct state plural — usually add "-s"; "___ of …" — bound to the next word

In the KJV here: and your households

the house ×301 house ×291 of the house ×281 in the house ×114 his house ×59 into the house ×50 and the house ×41 to the house ×34

More options

house — Most direct equivalent; fits nearly every context.

home — Warm, personal tone; prefer for family/dwelling contexts.

household — Use when referring to all members of a family unit.

palace — Prefer for royal or grand official residences.

temple — Use when בַּיִת refers to a sacred sanctuary or shrine.

family — Best when emphasis is on lineage or ancestral group.

BDB1045 H1004

בַּ֫יִת₂₀₃₄ noun masculine^{Deut 8:12} house (Phoenician בת, MI בת, suffix ביתה, Arabic , Aramaic בַּיְתָא, Assyrian bîtu, COT^Gloss, Sabean בית, בת, fortress DHM^{ZMG 1883, 387}; temple Hal²⁵⁷ DHM^{ZMG 1876, 697}, Ethiopic Palmyrene in בת עלמא, בת מקברתא sepulchre Vog^{32, 64} and others; etymology dubious; Thes √ בות, Aramaic בּוּת, spend the night, Arabic Ethiopic but this perhaps denominative, & בית from √ לר֞ with ת afform. compare Sta^{§187 a}) — absolute בַּיִת Exod 12:30 +; בָּ֑יִת Gen 33:17 +; בַּ֫יְתָה (ָ ה locative) Ps 68:7 +; construct בֵּית Gen 12:15 +; suffix בֵּיתִי Gen 15:2 +; בֵּיתְךָ Gen 7:1 +, etc.; הַבַּ֫יְתָה, בַּיְתָה (in) to the house, homeward, Gen 19:10; Ps 68:7 +; also בֵּ֫יתָה (in)to the house of ...; plural בָּֽתִּים Exod 1:21 + (i.e. bâttîm, see Nö in Mei^{Archaeology i. 456 f.}, compare Ges^{«GKC:96»§ 96}); construct בָּֽתֵּי Exod 8:17 +; suffix בָּתֶּיךָ Exod 10:6 בָּֽתָּיו 1Chr 28:11 בָּֽתֵּינוּ Exod 12:27 +; בָּֽתֵּיכֶם Gen 42:19 בָּתֵּיהֶם Num 16:32 +; (בָּֽתֵּ֫ימוֺ Ps 49:12), etc.; —

1. house,
a. as dwelling habitation Gen 19:2; Gen 19:3; Gen 19:4; Gen 19:11; Gen 27:15; Gen 33:17 (object of בָּנָה) Exod 12:7 + often; מוֺשַׁב ׳בּ Lev 25:29 (compare בַּיִת לְשִׁבְתִּי 2Sam 7:5); בֵּית = in the house of, when modifying word follows, compare Dr^{Sm 29, n. 2} (after stative construct מוֺלֶדֶת בַּיִת אוֺ מוֺלֶדֶת חוּץ Lev 19:9); e.g. אָבִיךָ ׳בּ Gen 24:23 אִישָׁהּ ׳בּ Num 30:11 יהוה ׳בּ 2Kgs 23:24 so in proper name ביתאל Amos 7:13 (ה)בַּ֫יְתָה into the house, home Exod 9:19 (of man & beast) compare, Judg 19:18; 1Sam 6:7 (compare v1Sam 6:10) 1Kgs 13:7; 1Kgs 13:15; Ps 68:7; Isa 14:17 etc.; compare below 7 below; partic (α) in J occasionally of tent Gen 27:15 compare Gen 33:17 (with בנה; here of nomad's hut); usually (β) house of solid materials, with doorposts, etc. Exod 12:7; Deut 6:9; Deut 11:20, walls Lev 14:37; Lev 14:39, of stones, timber & mortar vLev 14:45 (compare vLev 14:40 vLev 14:42 vLev 14:43); so also Josh 2:15 supported by pillars Judg 16:26f.; with roof on which one could walk 2Sam 11:12 etc.; see especially temple and king's house in Jerusalem 1 Ki 5-7 etc.; compare Song 1:7; Jer 22:14 of Ezekiel's temple Ezek 40f.; בָּֽתֵּכֶם סְפוּנִים of luxurious houses Hag 1:4 בנה בָּֽתִּים טֹבִים Deut 8:12 בּנה בַּיִתחָֿדָשׁ Deut 20:5 compare Deut 22:8 also with בנה Deut 28:30 + often; (γ) construct before word of material, אֲרָזִים ׳בּ 2Sam 7:2; 2Sam 7:7 = 1Chr 17:1 (׳הַא ׳בּ) v1Chr 17:6 הַשֵּׁן ׳בּ 1Kgs 22:39 compare Amos 3:15 גָּזִית ׳בּ house of hewn stone Amos 5:11 compare בֵּית יַעַר הַלְּבָנוֺן 1Kgs 7:2; 2Chr 9:20, בֵּית הַיַּעַר Isa 22:8 (δ) also before word of quality or characteristic, בֵּית אֵבֶל Eccl 7:2 || מִשְׁתֶּה ׳בּ vEccl 7:4 || שִׂמְחָה ׳בּ; מַרְזֵחַ ׳בּ Jer 16:5 מִשְׁתֶּה ׳בּ Jer 16:8 בָּֽתֵּי חֶמְדָּתֵךְ Ezek 26:12 בֵּית תַּעֲנֻגֶי֑הָ Mic 2:9 compare מְרִי ׳בּ rebellious house below

5. d below; (ε) in combinations, of structures for various purposes: — (1) בֵּית הַמֶּלֶךְ = palace 1Kgs 9:1; 1Kgs 9:10; 1Kgs 10:12 +, etc.; בֵּית מַמְלָכָה Amos 7:13 compare below

2. below; הַמַּלְכוּת ׳בּ Esth 5:1 compare Esth 2:16 לְמַלְכוּתוֺ ׳בּ 2Chr 1:18 (2) בֵּית הַסֹּהַר = the prison Gen 39:20 (twice in verse); Gen 39:21; Gen 39:22 (twice in verse); Gen 39:23; Gen 40:3; Gen 40:5 compare מִשְׁמַרְכֶם ׳בּ Gen 42:19 מִשְׁמֶרֶת ׳בּ 2Sam 20:3 ׳בּ הָאָסוּר Jer 37:15 הָאֲסיּרים ׳בּ Judg 16:21; Judg 16:25 הָסֿוּרִים ׳בּ Eccl 4:14 הַכֶּלֶא ׳בּ 1Kgs 22:27; 2Kgs 17:4; 2Chr 18:26; Jer 37:15; Jer 37:18 compare Isa 42:7 כֶּלֶא ׳בּ 2Kgs 25:27 הַמַּהְפֶּכֶת ׳בּ 2Chr 16:10 הַכְּליּ֯א ׳בּ Jer 37:4; Jer 52:31 בָּֽתֵּי כְלָאִים Isa 42:22 בֵּיתהַֿבּוֺר Jer 37:16 הַפְּקֻדּוֺת ׳בּ Jer 52:31 (3) בֵּית הַנָּשִׁים house of the women, harem Esth 2:9; Esth 2:11; Esth 2:13; Esth 2:14 (4) מִשְׁתֵּה הַיַּיִן ׳בּ Esth 7:8 הַיָּ֑יִן ׳בּ Song 2:4 compare בָּֽתֵּי מָשׂוֺשׂ Isa 32:13 (5) בֵּית הַחֹרֶף Amos 3:15; Jer 36:22 ׳הַקָּ֑יִץ בּ Amos 3:15 (6) בֵּית נְכֹתֹה & בֵּית כֵּלָיו 2Kgs 20:13 = Isa 39:2 (7) בֵּית הַגָּן garden-h. (or proper name? compare p. III) 2Kgs 9:27 (8) בֵּיתעֵֿקֶד binding-h. (or proper name?) 2Kgs 10:12; 2Kgs 10:14 (9) בֵּיתעֲבָדִים h. of slaves (where slaves live), only figurative of Egypt Exod 13:3; Exod 13:14; Exod 20:2; Deut 5:6; Deut 6:12; Deut 7:8; Deut 8:14; Deut 13:6; Deut 13:11; Josh 24:17; Judg 6:8; Mic 6:4; Jer 34:13 — on הַחָפְשִׁית ׳בּ 2Kgs 15:5 = 2Chr 26:21 compare חפשׁית; especially (10) ׳בֵּית י = temple 1Kgs 7:12; 1Kgs 7:40; 1Kgs 7:45; 1Kgs 7:51 & very often; also (mostly late) בֵּית הָאֱלֹהִים 1Chr 9:11; 1Chr 9:13; 1Chr 9:26 + often; but also of earlier tent of worship Judg 18:31 see also הָאֹהֶל ׳בּ 1Chr 9:23, compare אֱלֹהִים ׳בּ of local shrine 1Chr 17:5 & also in mouth of Jacob, as explanation of name of Bethel Gen 28:17 (compare vGen 28:19), & as name of stone, or MaÁÁeba vGen 28:22 = (all E); also ׳י ׳ב of earlier tent of worship Judg 19:18; 1Sam 1:7; 1Sam 1:24; 2Sam 12:20 (compare further אֱלֹהִים, יהוה); הָאוֺצָר ׳בּ Mal 3:10 compare הֵיכַל הַבַּיִת 1Kgs 6:3, & ׳בּ alone in same sense, especially 1Kgs 6 compare 2Chr 1:18; 2Chr 2:3; 2Chr 2:11 +; see 1Chr 28:2 ׳מְנוּחָה לַאֲרוֺן בְּרִיתיֿ ׳בּ וְלַהֲדֹם רַגְלֵי אֱלֹהֵינוּ; also בֵּית הַקֹּדֶשׁ 1Chr 29:3 קֹדֶשׁ ׳בּ הַקֳּדָשִׁים 2Chr 3:8; 2Chr 3:10 קָדְשֵׁנוּ וְתִפְאַרְתֵּנוּ ׳בּ Isa 64:10 בֵּיתזְֿבֻל 2Chr 6:2 בֵּית זָ֑בַח 2Chr 7:12 בֵּית מִקְדָּשָׁם 2Chr 36:17 תְּפִלָּה ׳בּ Isa 56:7 (twice in verse); תִּפְאַרְתִּי ׳בּ Isa 60:7 also of heathen temples בַּעַלבְּֿרִית ׳ב Judg 9:4 דָּֿגוֺן׳ב 1Sam 5:5 עַשְׁתָּרוֺת ׳ב 1Sam 31:10 רִמּוֺן ׳ב 2Kgs 5:18 (3 t. in verse); הַבַּעַל ׳ב 2Kgs 10:21 (twice in verse); 2Kgs 10:23; 2Kgs 10:25; 2Kgs 10:26; 2Kgs 10:27; 2Kgs 11:18 עֲצַבֵּיהֶם ׳בּ 1Sam 31:9 (but read rather אתעֿצביהם as in || 1Chr 10:9 so ᵐ5 We Dr); בֵּית בָּמוֺת 1Kgs 12:31 (compare MI בת במת) see also 1Kgs 13:32; 2Kgs 17:29; 2Kgs 17:32 בֵּית אוֺצַר אֱלֹהָיו Dan 1:2 etc.; made of woven material 2Kgs 23:7 אֲשֶׁר הַנָּשִׁים אֹרְגוֺת שָׁם בָּֽתִּים לָאֲשֵׁרָה perhaps = tent-shrines but text dubious ᵐ5 χεττιεῖν (כתנות ?); ᵐ5^L στολάς; compare Ew^{H iii.718} & Klo; (ζ) of portion of larger building (late), so plural בָּֽתָּיו 1Chr 28:11 i.e. of the temple (|| גַּנְזַכָּיו, עֲלִיֹּתָיו, חֲדָרָיו); compare הַכַּפֹּרֶת ׳בּ ib.; הַמְֿבַשְּׁלִים ׳בּ Ezek 46:24.
b. as shelter or abode of animals 1Sam 6:7; 1Sam 6:10 compare Exod 9:19 בֵּית עַכָּבִישׁ Job 8:14 spider's web (compare בָּנָה כָעָשׁ בֵּיתוֺ Job 27:18); of wild ass Job 39:6 שַׂמְתִּי עֲרָבָה בֵיתוֺ; צִפּוֺר מָֽצְאָה בַּיִת Ps 84:4 (|| קֵן); חֲסִידָה בְּרוֺשִׁים בֵּיתָהּ Ps 104:17 (compare || & Che); Prov 30:26 (of the שְׁפַנִּים 'conies').
c. figurative of human bodies בָּֽתֵּיחֹֿמֶר Job 4:19 houses of clay, compare in phrase שֹׁמְרֵי הַבַּיִת Eccl 12:3 keepers of the house, i.e. the arms; see further בֵּית מְגוּרָ֑י Ps 119:54.
d. of sh®°ôl, שְׁאוֺל בֵּיתִי Job 17:13, compare בֵּית מוֺעֵד לְכָלחָֿ֑י Job 30:23 (|| מָוֶת); בֵּית עוֺלָמוֺ Eccl 12:5 (perhaps = tomb, see De).
e. of abode of light & darkness Job 38:20. feminine of land of Ephraim as יהוה ׳בּ Hos 8:1; Hos 9:15 (compare ׳אֶרֶץ י Hos 9:3).

2. place, of Jerusalem בֵּית קִבְרוֺת אֲבֹתַי Neh 2:3 (|| עִיר vNeh 2:5), compare also proper name compounded with בֵּית, below, & בֵּית מַמְלָכָה Amos 7:13 (predicate of Bethel); בֵּית נְתִיבוֺת Prov 8:2 i.e. where paths meet RV; אֲבָנִים ׳בּ Job 8:17 on both these see בֵּית below [בַּיִן] בֵּין p. 108.

3. receptacle, תְּעָלָה כְּבֵית סָאתַיִם 1Kgs 18:32 a trench like a receptacle of two seahs; בָּֽתֵּי נֶפֶשׁ Isa 3:20 i.e. vials of perfume; especially בָּֽתִּים לְבַדִּים Exod 25:27 holders for the staves, i.e. rings, טַבָּעֹת ib.; so Exod 37:14; Exod 37:27; Exod 38:5 compare בָּֽתִּים לַבְּרִיחִם Exod 26:29; Exod 36:34 holders for the bars (all P, & all explained by טבעת); בֵּיתלָֿהּ סָבִיב Ezek 1:27 (si vera lectio) its [construct as Ps 58:5] house (= enclosing cage) was round about (strike out B Hi Co).

4. of house as containing a family, hence in phrase of slaves belonging to household יְלִידֵי בֵיתוֺ Gen 14:14 compare Gen 17:12 (opposed to מִקְנַתכֶּֿסֶף) vGen 17:13 (all || id.) figurative of Israel Jer 2:14 (|| עֶבֶד); compare בֶּןבֵּֿיתִי Gen 15:3 בְּנֵיבַֿיִת הָיָה לִי Eccl 2:7 (as token of wealth & prosperity); also of one's sister מוֺלֶדֶת בַּיִת Lev 18:19 (|| חוּץ ׳מ compare below); אַנְשֵׁי בֵיתוֺ Gen 17:27 ׳נַפְשׁוֺת בּ Gen 36:6 כָּלהַֿנֶּפֶשׁ לְבֵיתיַֿעֲקֹב Gen 46:27. Hence

5. household, family (592 t.)
a. ordinary sense, those belonging to the same household Gen 7:1; Gen 12:1; Gen 12:17 +, Deut 6:22; Deut 11:6 +; Hexateuch mostly J D; E Gen 35:2; Gen 42:33; Gen 50:22 compare Exod 1:21 below; P Gen 36:6; Exod 1:1; Exod 12:4; Lev 16:6; Lev 16:11; Lev 16:17; Num 16:32; Num 18:31; Josh 22:15 even where expressly said to inhabit tents Num 16:32; Deut 11:6 אֶתבָּֽֿתֵּיהֶם וְאֶתאָֿהֳלֵיהֶם; specifically ׳זְקַןבּֿ Gen 24:2 compare Gen 50:7 (of rank & dignity in household); of a family of handicraftsmen מִשְׁפְּחוֺת בֵּיתעֲֿבֹדַת הַבֻּץ 1Chr 4:21 (see בוץ); also, with figurative of house clearly in mind ׳מִשְׁקֹלֶת בּ 2Kgs 21:13 ׳מַפְתֵּחַ בּ Isa 22:22.
b. family of descendants, descendants as organized body Gen 18:19 (J || בָּנִים) +, & so with בָּנָה (q. v.) אחיו ׳יִבְנֶה בּ Deut 25:9 compare Ruth 4:11 &, subject ׳י, לְ ׳בָּנָה בּ 2Sam 7:27 = 1Chr 17:10; 1Chr 17:25 also 1Sam 2:35; 1Kgs 11:38 (both נֶאֱמָן ׳בּ), so לְ ׳עשׂה בּ 2Sam 7:11; 1Kgs 2:24 also plural וַיַּעַשׂ לָהֶם בָּֽתִּים Exod 1:21 נֶאֱמָן לְ ׳עשׂה ב 1Sam 25:28 compare especially with proper name, e.g.
c. בֵּית שָׁאוּל 2Sam 3:1 (twice in verse); 2Sam 3:6 (twice in verse); 2Sam 3:8; 2Sam 3:10; 2Sam 9:1; 2Sam 9:2; 2Sam 9:3; 2Sam 9:9; 2Sam 16:5 (׳שׁ ׳משׁפחת בּ) v2Sam 16:8; 2Sam 19:18 (compare 2Sam 21:1 where read וְאֶלֿ בֵּיתֹה דָמִים so ᵐ5 We Dr) 1Chr 12:29 בֵּית דָּוִד 2Sam 3:1; 2Sam 3:6; 2Sam 7:26 = 1Chr 17:24 (compare context in both), 1Kgs 12:19 = 2Chr 10:19, v2Chr 10:20 v2Chr 10:26; 2Chr 13:2; 2Chr 14:8; 2Kgs 17:21; Isa 7:2; Isa 7:13; Isa 22:22; Jer 21:12; Zech 12:7; Zech 12:8; Zech 12:10; Zech 12:12 (׳דּ ׳משׁפחת בּ) 2Chr 21:7; Ps 122:5 יָרָבְעָם ׳בּ 1Kgs 13:34; 1Kgs 14:10 (twice in verse); 1Kgs 14:13; 1Kgs 14:14; 1Kgs 15:29; 1Kgs 16:3; 1Kgs 21:22; 2Kgs 9:9; 2Kgs 13:6 אַחְאָב ׳בּ 2Kgs 8:18; 2Kgs 8:27 (3 t. in verse) (of Ahaziah ׳א ׳חֲתַן בּ), 2Kgs 9:7; 2Kgs 9:8; 2Kgs 9:9; 2Kgs 10:10; 2Kgs 10:11; 2Kgs 21:13; Mic 6:16; 2Chr 21:6; 2Chr 21:13; 2Chr 22:3; 2Chr 22:4; 2Chr 22:7; 2Chr 22:8 etc.
d. especially of Hebrew people & subdivisions: (α) בֵּית יִשְׂחָ֑ק Amos 7:16 (β) עֵשָׂו ׳בּ Obad 1:18 (twice in verse); (γ) בֵּית יַעֲקֹב Gen 46:27 (P) Exod 19:3 (E) Amos 3:13; Amos 9:8; Mic 2:7; Mic 3:9; Obad 1:17; Obad 1:18; Isa 8:17; Isa 10:20; Isa 14:1; Isa 29:22; Isa 46:3; Isa 48:1; Isa 58:1; Jer 2:4; Jer 5:20; Ps 114:1 also יעקב ׳זֶרַע בּ Ezek 20:5 (strike out Co); most frequently (δ) בֵּית יִשְׂרָאֵל (Vrss & variant reading sometimes בני see בֵּן) Hexateuch Exod 16:31; Exod 40:38; Lev 10:6; Num 20:29 (all P) Lev 17:3; Lev 17:8; Lev 17:10; Lev 22:18 (H) Josh 21:43 (D) ; 1Sam 7:2 + 8 t. Samuel Kings; Hos 1:4; Hos 1:6; Hos 5:1; Hos 6:10; Hos 12:1; Amos 5:1 + 7 t. Amos; Mic 1:5; Mic 3:1; Mic 3:9; Isa 5:7; Isa 14:2, also Isa 46:3; Isa 63:7; Zech 8:13 ; but especially Jer 2:4; Jer 2:26 + 17 t. Jeremiah; Ezek 3:1; Ezek 3:4; Ezek 3:5; Ezek 3:7 (twice in verse); Ezek 3:17 + 75 t. Ezekiel; also יִשְׂרָאֵל ׳זֶרַע בּ Jer 23:8; Ezek 44:22 (Co strike out ׳בּ); שְׁנֵי בָֽתֵּי יִשְׂרָאֵל Isa 8:14 בֵּית יִשְׂרָאֵל וִיהוּדָה Ezek 9:9 + Ezek 25:8 Co; futher בֵּית מְרִי rebellious house (of Israel) Ezek 2:5; Ezek 2:6; Ezek 3:9; Ezek 3:26; Ezek 3:27; Ezek 12:2; Ezek 12:3, & הַמֶּ֑רִי ׳בּ Ezek 2:8; Ezek 12:2; Ezek 12:9; Ezek 12:25; Ezek 17:12; Ezek 24:3 [+ Ezek 44:6 Co]; (ε) בֵּית יְהוּדָה 2Sam 2:4; 2Sam 2:7; 2Sam 2:10; 2Sam 2:11; 1Kgs 12:21 = 2Chr 11:1; 2Kgs 19:30 = Isa 37:31; Isa 22:21; Hos 1:7; Hos 5:12; Hos 5:14; Zeph 2:7; Zech 8:13; Zech 8:15; Zech 8:19; Zech 10:3; Zech 10:6; Zech 12:4, & especially Jer 3:18 + 9 t. Jeremiah; Ezek 4:6 + 4 t. Ezekiel + Ezek 9:9 above; also יְהוּדָה וּבִנְיָמִן ׳בּ 1Kgs 12:23 מֶלֶךְ יְהוּדָה ׳בּ Jer 21:11; Jer 22:6 (ζ) יוֺסֵף ׳בּ Gen 50:8; Josh 17:17; Josh 18:5 (all J E) Judg 1:22; Judg 1:23; Judg 1:35; 2Sam 19:21; 1Kgs 11:28; Amos 5:6; Obad 1:18; Zech 10:6 (η) אֶפְרַיִם ׳בּ Judg 10:9 (θ) בִּנְיָמִן ׳בּ 2Sam 3:19 compare 1Kgs 12:23 above; (ι) יִשָּׂשכָר ׳בּ 1Kgs 15:27 (κ) לֵוִי ׳בּ Exod 2:1 (E) Num 17:23 (P) Zech 12:13 (׳ל ׳משׁפחת ב), Ps 135:20 & (λ) אַהֲרֹן ׳בּ Ps 115:10; Ps 115:12; Ps 118:3; Ps 135:19.
e. technically, yet with some looseness of usage, בֵּית אָב father's house, of family or clan, plural בֵּית אָבוֺת father-houses, families (e.g. Num 1:2) (79 t.; only P & Chronicles) Exod 6:14; Exod 12:3; Num 1:2; Num 1:4; Num 1:18 + 41 t. Numbers; Josh 22:14 (twice in verse); 1Chr 4:38; 1Chr 5:13 + 25 t. Chronicles; Ezra 2:59; Ezra 10:16; Neh 7:61; Neh 10:35 = tribe Num 17:17 (twice in verse); Num 17:18; Num 17:21 = main division of tribe Num 3:20; Num 3:24 +, compare Num 34:14 (twice in verse) etc.; futher sub-division Exod 12:3; 1Chr 7:2; 1Chr 7:7 +; compare especially 1Chr 23:11 Jeush and Beriah had not many sons, therefore they became לְבֵית אָב לִפְקֻדָּה אֶחָ֑ת (compare ראשׁי אבות, below אב).

6. house, including household affairs, persons, property, etc. וַיַּפְקִדֵהוּ עַלבֵּֿיתוֺ Gen 39:4 compare בְּבֵיתוֺ vGen 39:5 אֲשֶׁר עַלבֵּֿיתוֺ Gen 44:1; Gen 44:4 hence אשׁר על הבית as title of governor of the palace (Ew^{H iii. 269}) Isa 22:15; Isa 36:3 compare 1Kgs 4:6; 2Kgs 15:5 in Israel 1Kgs 16:9; 1Kgs 18:3; 2Kgs 10:5: further 2Sam 17:23; 2Kgs 20:1 = Isa 38:1 hence of personal property 1Kgs 13:8 אִםתִּֿתֶּןלִֿי אֶתחֲֿצִי בֵּיתֶ֑ךָ; family and property (everything on which one depends) Job 8:15.

7. בַּ֫יְתָה, בָּ֑יְתָה, literally housewards, hence metaphor inwards, Exod 28:26 = Exod 39:19 (that is, of the ephod), 1Kgs 7:25 = 2Chr 4:4 (that is, of the circle of oxen supporting the molten sea); 2Sam 5:9 מִןהַֿמִּלּוֺא וָבָ֑יְתָה from the Millo and inward, Ezek 44:17.

8. מִבַּיִת
a. adverb on the inside (of a building, chest, etc.: opposed to מִחוּץ) Gen 6:14; Exod 25:11 = Exod 37:2; Lev 14:41; 1Kgs 6:15; 1Kgs 6:16; 1Kgs 7:9; 2Kgs 6:30 (of a person's clothes); Ezek 7:15 so with ה locative מִבֲַּ֫יְתָה 1Kgs 6:15
b. מִבֵּית לְ (construct Ges^{«GKC:130»§ 130}, 1 n.) preposition within (opposed to מִחוּץ לְ), מִבֵּית לַפָּרֹכֶת within the veil Exod 26:33; Lev 16:2; Lev 16:12; Num 18:7 לְכָלדְּֿבַר הַמִּזִבֵּחַ וּלְמִבֵּית לַפָּרֹכֶת for everything of the altar, and for (that) within the veil; 1Kgs 7:8; 1Kgs 7:31 (read לַכְּתֵפֹת; see VB & Sta^{ZAW 1883, 165}); אֶלמִֿבֵּית לְ (after a verb of motion) in within Lev 16:15; 2Kgs 11:15 = 2Chr 23:14.Note. — בית perhaps occurs abbreviated into בּ in proper name בְּעֶשְׁתְּרָה q. v. so Thes and others; compare also Aramaic בא = בית in like usage Lag^{Armen. Stud. § 339; Se i. 51; GGA 1884, 276}.

**On בְּ as abbreviated בית see Wetzst^{Hauran 110} Kampffmeyer^{ZPV xv (1892). 111}.

BDB1058 H1004 H1588

בֵּית הַגָּן proper name, of a location? ᵐ5 Βαιθαν (Βαιατγαν), ᵐ5^L Βαιθωρων, 2Kgs 9:27 modern Jenîn? see גַּן, below גנן, and עֵין גַּנִּים; compare Sta^{Gesch i. 542}.

BDB4007 H3608 H1004

כֶּ֫לֶא noun [masculine] confinement, restraint, imprisonment; — absolute ׳כ 1Kgs 22:27 + 6 t.; suffix כִּלְאוֺ 2Kgs 25:29; Jer 52:33 plural כְּלָאִים Isa 42:22 — confinement, in combination ׳בֵּית (ה)כ (compare Assyrian bit kili, prison, Dl^{HWB 328}) 1Kgs 22:27 = 2Chr 18:26; 2Kgs 17:4; Jer 37:15; Jer 37:18; Isa 42:7 בָּֽתֵּי כְלָאִים vIsa 42:22 (compare בַּיִת 1 (ε) (2) p. 109 above; see also כלוא below); בִּנְדֵי כִלְאוֺ 2Kgs 25:29 = Jer 52:33 garments of imprisonment = prison-garb.

BDB4008 H1004 H3628

כלוא Kt, כְּלִיא Qr noun [masculine] id.; — ׳בֵּית הַכּ Jer 37:4; Jer 52:31 (see כֶּלֶא above)

BDB9372 H1004 H1005

[בַּ֫יִת]₄₄ noun masculine^{Ezra 6:7} house (Biblical Hebrew בַּ֫יִת); — emphatic בַּיְתָ֫א Ezra 5:3 +, תָ֫ה- Ezra 5:12; Ezra 6:15 construct בֵּית(ֿׅ Ezra 4:24; Ezra 5:2 +; suffix בַּיְתִי Dan 4:1 (Baer^n., compare M^{§ 76 c}; van d. H. Gi בֵּיתִי), בַּיְהֵתּ Dan 2:17 +; plural suffix בָּֽתֵּיכוֺן Dan 2:5 —

1. house, of men : Ezra 6:11 (twice in verse); Dan 2:5; Dan 2:17; Dan 3:29; Dan 6:11 of king Ezra 6:4; Dan 4:4, מִשְׁתְּיָא ׳ב Dan 5:10, גִּנְוַיָא דִּי מִלְכָּא ׳ב Ezra 5:17, compare Ezra 7:20 = ׳סִפְרַיָא וגו ׳ב Ezra 6:1 מִלְכוּ ׳ב Ezra 4:30 royal residence (of Babylonian ).

2. house of God, temple at Jerusalem Dan 5:3; Dan 5:23; Ezra 4:24 + 28 t. Ezra.

house, houses, household, home, within, …

bayit

a house (in the greatest variation of applications, especially family, etc.)

house

house, dwelling habitation

those belonging to the same household

אֲשֶׁ֥ר

Particle who, which, that

Dictionary form: אֲשֶׁר · uh-SHER

Particle — Relative

In the KJV here: wherein

which ×1561 that ×1524 as ×311 whom ×202 who ×88 where ×84 whither ×70 whose ×69

More options

that — Most versatile; works as relative pronoun or conjunction.

which — Prefer for non-personal antecedents and formal register.

who — Use when antecedent is a person or personal being.

where — Use when introducing a place or locative clause.

when — Use when introducing a temporal clause.

because — Use when אֲשֶׁר introduces a causal clause.

BDB3871 H834

כַּאֲשֶׁר conjunction according as, as, when (compare for the combined Aramaic כְּדִי, כַּד) —

1. according to that which, according as, as:
a. Gen 34:12 I will give כאשׁר תאמרו אלי according as ye shall (or may) say unto me, Gen 44:1; Exod 8:23; Num 22:8; 1Sam 2:16; Gen 34:22 if we are circumcised כאשׁר הם נמולים; Gen 41:21 כאשׁר בתחלה as at the beginning, so ׳כ בראשׁונה Josh 8:5; Josh 8:6; 2Sam 7:10; Exod 5:13 ׃כאשׁר בהיות התבן Gen 7:9 they came in two by two כאשׁר צוה אלהִים, as God commanded Noah; so, or similarly, very often, especially in P, vGen 7:16; Gen 8:21; Gen 12:4; Gen 17:23; Gen 21:1 (twice in verse); Exod 16:24; Exod 39:1; Exod 39:5; Exod 39:7; Num 3:16; Num 3:42 etc.; ׳כאשׁר דבר י Deut 1:21; Deut 2:1; Deut 6:3; Deut 6:19 + often Deuteronomy.
b. answered, for increased emphasis, by כֵּן (compare כְּ 2 d), Gen 50:12 ויעשׂו כן כאשׁר צִוָּם, Exod 7:10; Exod 7:20; Gen 18:5 (J) כן חעשׂח כאשׁר דברת, Exod 10:10 (iron.), Amos 5:14 (do.); in opposed to order, Judg 1:7 כאשׁר עשׂיתי, כן שׁלם לי, Exod 7:6 כן עשׂו ׳כאשׁר צוה י, compare Exod 12:28; Exod 12:50; Exod 39:43; Num 5:4; Num 17:26; Num 36:10 (all P); with imperfect (frequently) Num 2:17 (P) כאשׁר יחנו כן יסעו; of degree = the more. . . the more, Exod 1:12 וכאשׁר יענּו אתו כן ירבה וכן יפרץ, compare Exod 17:11 (JE) ׳והיה כאשׁר יריםו֗֗֗גבר ישׁר according as he held up, etc., Israel prevailed; in an oath or solemn promise, Num 14:28 אם לא כאשׁר דברתם כן אעשׂה, Deut 28:63 (Jer 31:28), 1Kgs 1:30; Isa 10:11; Isa 14:24; Isa 52:14f. (see כֵּן 2 b).
c. answered by וַ (Dr^{§ 127} γ) Exod 16:34; Num 1:19.
d. often in similes (followed by imperfect of habit) Exod 33:11 כאשׁר ידבר אישׁ אל רעהו, Num 11:12; Deut 1:44; Isa 9:2; Isa 66:20 +, answered by כֵּן Isa 31:4; Isa 55:10; Isa 66:22; Amos 3:12 +; a second verb is, in such cases, in the perfect with וְ consecutive (Dr^{§ 115}) Deut 22:26; Isa 29:8 כאשׁר יחלםו֗֗֗הקיץ, Isa 65:8; Amos 5:19.
e. הָיָה כַּאֲשֶׁר (compare הָיָה כְּ) to be as if, Job 10:19 כאשׁר לא הייתי אהיה, Zech 10:6 והיו כאשׁר לא זנחתים.

2. with a casual force, in so far as, since (German demgemäss dass), Gen 26:29 if thou doest us no harm כאשׁר לא נגענוך according as, in so far as, we have not touched thee; Num 27:14 כאשׁר מריתם פי inasmuch as ye have defied my mouth, Judg 6:27; 1Sam 28:18 (answered by על כן), 2Kgs 17:26; Mic 3:4.

3. with a temporal force, when, Gen 18:33 and Y. went away כאשׁר כלה when he had finished, etc., Gen 32:3; Gen 32:32; 1Sam 8:6; 2Sam 12:21 +; answered by וַּ (Dr^{§ 127} β), 1Sam 6:6; 1Sam 12:8 ויהי כאשׁר֗֗ and it came to pass, when . . . Gen 12:11; Gen 20:13; Gen 24:22; Gen 24:52; Exod 32:19 + often; Gen 43:14 כאשׁר שׁכלתי שׁכלתי when I am bereaved, I am bereaved ! an expression of resignation, so Esth 4:16 כאשׁר אבדתי אבדתי. Josh 2:7 אחרי כאשׁר is a 'conflate' reading, omit either אחרי or כ. Of future time, Gen 27:40; Gen 40:14 כאשׁר ייטב לך, Hos 7:12; Eccl 4:17; Eccl 5:3, and without a verb Isa 23:5 כאשׁר שׁמע למצרים. — Mic 3:3 כאשׁר is simply as that which, Job 29:25 as one who.

BDB6202 H3282 H834 H3588

יַעַן₉₆ properly substantive, purpose, intention, but always used as preposition or conjunction, on account of, because (for יַעֲנֶה, of the form יִצְהָר etc., Sta^{§ 259} Kö^{ii. 403}; compare mean, intend): —

1. as preposition, rarely with a substantive, Ezek 5:9 יַעַן תּוֺעֲבוֺתֵיכֶם, Hag 1:9 יַעַן מָה, vHag 1:9 יַעַן בֵּיתִי; with a participle Ezek 36:13 יען אמרים because of men saying to you (but read probablyאָמְרָם, Co Toy Berthol); frequently with infinitive with, 1Kgs 21:20 יַעַן הִתְמַכֶּרְךָ on account of thy having sold thyself, Amos 5:11; Isa 30:12; Isa 37:29 (= 2Kgs 19:28) יַעֵן הִתְרַגֶּזְךָ אֵלַי, Jer 5:14; Jer 7:13; Jer 23:38; Jer 48:7, and often. (c. 18 t.) in Ezek., as Jer 5:7 (read יַעַן הַמְרֹתְכֶם), Jer 13:8; Jer 13:22; Jer 25:3; Jer 25:6; Jer 25:8; Jer 25:12.

2. As conjunction:
a. יַעַן אֲשֶׁר (32 t.), usually with perfect, as Gen 22:16 יען אשׁר עשׂית זאת because that thou hast done this, Deut 1:36 (Josh 14:14), Judg 2:20; 1Sam 30:22; 1Kgs 3:11; 1Kgs 8:18; Jer 19:4; Jer 25:8; Jer 29:23 (not Isaiah) +; with imperfect (in frequent. sense) Ezek 44:12.
b. יַען כִּי, Num 11:20 ׳יַעַן כִּי מְאַסְתֶּם אֶתיֿ, 1Kgs 13:21; 1Kgs 21:29; Isa 3:16; Isa 7:5; Isa 8:6; Isa 29:13.
c. יַעַן alone (23 t.), with perfect Num 20:12 יַעַן לֹא הֶאֱמַנְתֶּם בִּי, 1Sam 15:23; 1Kgs 14:13; 1Kgs 20:42; 2Kgs 22:19; Hos 8:1; Isa 61:1; Isa 65:12; Isa 66:4 with imperfect (frequently) Ezek 34:21 of the future Ezek 12:12 because he shall not see, etc., (but ᵐ5 Co Kau Berthol לְמַעַן אשׁר לא יֵרָאֶה לָעַיִן): usually the verb follows immediately, but Ezek. sometimes puts the object first for emphasis, Ezek 5:11 יַעַן אֶתמִֿקְדָּשִׁי טִמֵּאתָ, Ezek 20:16; Ezek 20:24; Ezek 36:6, compare Ezek 34:21.

3. יַעַן וּבְיַעַן, q.d. because and by the cause (that), followed by perhaps, Lev 26:43 (H) יען וביען בְּמִשְׁפָּטַי מָאָ֔סוּ, Ezek 13:10 יַעַן בְּיַעַז followed by infinitive, Ezek 36:3. (In all, reckoning יען (ו)ביען once each, 93 t., of which 20 are in 1-2 Kings, 11 in Jeremiah, 38 in Ezekiel; and only 9 in Genesis—2Samuel.)

BDB6204 H4616 H834 H4617

[מַ֫עַן] substantive purpose, intent, only with לְ, in לְמַ֫עַן₂₇₁ preposition and conjunction for the sake of, on account of, to the intent or in order that (abbreviated from מַעֲנֶה: compare מַ֫עַל; Kö^{ii. 116}); — with suffix לְמַעֲנִי, לְמַעַנְךָ, and לְמַעַנְכֶם; —

1. preposition: —
a. Gen 18:24 wilt thou ... not spare the place למען חמשׁים הציקים for the sake of the 50 righteous? Deut 30:6 חַיֶּיךָ ׳ל for thy life's sake, 1Kgs 8:41 the foreigner who comer from afar שְׁמֶ֑ךָ ׳ל, Isa 43:14 לְמַעַנְכֶם שִׁלַּחְתִּי בָבֶ֫לָה, Isa 45:4; Isa 62:1 ציון ׳ל, Isa 63:17 עבדיך ׳ל, Isa 65:8; Ezek 36:22 (twice in verse); Job 18:4; Ps 122:8; Ps 122:9 (׳עַבְדִּי ד) לְמַעַן דָּוִד, i.e. for the sake of David's memory, and the promises given to him, 1Kgs 11:12; 1Kgs 11:13; 1Kgs 11:32; 1Kgs 11:34; 1Kgs 15:4; 2Kgs 8:19; 2Kgs 19:34 (= Isa 37:35), Isa 20:6 (all D²); לְמַעֲנִי (of ׳י) for my own sake, i.e. to vindicate my name, 2Kgs 19:34 (= Isa 37:35), 2Kgs 20:6; Isa 43:25; Isa 48:11 לְמַעֲנִי לְמַעֲנִי אֶעֲשֶׁה, so לְמַעַנְךָ Dan 9:19, אֲדֹנָי ׳ל vDan 9:17 ׳י is said (or entreated) to act (שִׁמְךָ, שְׁמִי) לְמַעַן שְׁמוֺ i.e. to maintain his reputation, or character, Ps 23:3; Ps 25:11; Ps 31:4; Ps 79:9; Ps 106:8; Ps 143:11; Jer 14:7; Jer 14:21; Ezek 20:9; Ezek 20:14; Ezek 20:22; Ezek 20:44; Isa 48:9 simile חַסְדְּךָ ׳ל (i.e. to maintain it consistently) Ps 6:5; Ps 44:27, טוּבְךָ ׳ל Ps 25:7, צִדְקוֺ ׳ל Isa 42:21.

b. In view of, on account of (but not expressing causation distinctly, like מִן 2 f, or מִפְּנֵי), Deut 3:26 בי לְמַעַנְכֶם ׳ויתעבר י on your account, 1Kgs 11:39 זֹאת ׳ל in view of this, שׁוֺרֲרַי ׳ל on account of my watchful foes, Ps 5:9; Ps 27:11, צורריך ׳ל Ps 8:3, simil. Ps 69:19; Ps 48:12 (Ps 97:8) משׁפטיך ׳ישמח הר ציון ֗֗֗ ל in view of thy judgments.

c. Sq. infinitive Gen 18:19 ׳לְמַעַן הָבִיא י for the purpose of J.'s bringing = to the intent that J. might bring, Gen 37:22 הַצִּיל ׳ל in order to rescue, Gen 50:20; Exod 1:11; Exod 9:16; Exod 10:1, etc., Deut 2:30; Deut 6:28, etc., 2Kgs 10:19; Jer 7:10; Jer 7:18; Jer 11:5; Jer 50:34 (on הִרגיע, see עַד 2 a b), Ezek 14:5; Ezek 21:5; Ezek 22:6 etc., Ezek 36:5, + often (Kö^{iii.595 f.}). Once, pleonastic, לְמַעַן לָמוּג לֵב Ezek 21:20 (compare כַּעֲבוּר לְ 1Chr 19:3 but read probably הִמּוֺג).

2. conjunction (followed by imperfect): —
a. לְמַעַן אֲשֶׁר Gen 18:19 I have known him אשׁר יְצַוֶּה ׳ל to the end that he might command, etc., Deut 27:3; Josh 3:4; 2Sam 13:5; Jer 42:6 more often
b. without אשׁר, as Gen 12:13 לְמַעַן יִיטַב לִי, Gen 27:25; Exod 4:5 יאמינו ׳ל, Exod 8:6; Exod 8:18; Exod 9:29; Exod 10:2; Isa 5:19; Isa 23:16; Ps 9:15; Ps 30:13; Ps 48:14 + often (Kö^iii.571).

c. Sq. לֹא (a) אשׁר לֹא ׳ל Num 17:5; Deut 20:18; Ezek 31:14; Ezek 36:30; Ezek 46:18 (b) לֹא ׳ל Ezek 14:11; Ezek 19:9; Ezek 25:10; Ezek 26:20; Zech 12:7; Ps 119:11; Ps 119:80; Ps 125:3 (Kö^{iii.574. Less common than} לְבִלְתִּי or מִן with infinitive, or פֶּןֿ).

Note

1. — לְמַעַן is always in order that, never merely so that ἐκβατικῶς); but sometimes, in rhetorical passages, the issue of a line of action, though really undesigned, is represented by it ironically as if it were designed: Deut 29:18 (see Dr) ׳סְפוֺת וגו ׳וְהִתְבָּרֵךְ כִּלְבָבוֺ ֗֗֗ ל and he congratulate himself ... in order to sweep away the moistened with the dry (i.e. to destroy all together), Isa 30:1; Isa 44:9 יֵבוֺשׁוּ ׳בל יראו ובל ידעו ל in orer that they may be put to shame, Jer 7:18 הַכְעִיסֵנִי ׳ל, vJer 7:19 בּשֶׁת פְנֵיהֶם ׳ל, Jer 27:10; Jer 27:15; Jer 32:29; Hos 8:4 their silver, etc., they have made into idols יִכָרֵת ׳ל in order that it may be cut off (of course, not the real purpose of the idolatry), Amos 2:7; Mic 6:16: compare Ps 51:6 (see Comn.) in order that thou mightest be just when thou judgest (that is, by manifesting thy justice in judgement on my sin). compare Qor 28:7 (Fl^{Kl. Schr. i. 397 f.}).

Note 2. — In Josh 4:24 for the anomalous יְרָאתֶם ׳ל, read infinitive יִרְאָתָם ׳ל in order that they might fear (Dr^{§ 14 Obs}.): Neh 6:13 לְמַעַן שָׂכוּר הוּא לְמַעַן אִירָא (si vera 1.) the first ׳ל points forwards, to this intent was he hired, to the intent that I should be afraid. — On Prov 16:4, see מַעֵנֶה above

BDB8356 H834 H7945 H4100

שֶׁ, also ( Gen 6:3 [? see 4 a], Judg 5:7 (twice in verse); Song 1:7; Job 19:29 [?]) שַּׁ , שָׁ in שָׁאַתָּה Judg 6:17, and שְׁ in שְׁהוּא Eccl 2:22, שְׁהֵם Eccl 3:18 (elsewhere before guttural שֶׁ, as שֶׁאֲנִי Song 1:6; Eccl 2:18, שֶׁאֵין Ps 146:3, שֶׁהֵם Song 6:5; Lam 4:9, שֶׁעַל Judg 7:12; Judg 8:26, שֶׁרּאֹשִׁי Song 5:2), relative particle who, which, that, etc. (constantly in Late Hebrew; Aramaic of Nerab, Ldzb^{371, 445}; Assyrian sha; Phoenician אש (regularly), also sometimes ש (Ldzb^{227 f.}): according to Ges Ew^{§ 181 b} Ol^{p. 439} Sta^{§ 176 e, abbreviated} from אֲשֶׁר; more probably (Sperling [see אֲשֶׁר], Kö^{ii. 323 f.}) an original demonstrative particle), synonym with אֲשֶׁר, but in usage limited to late Hebrew, and passages with north Palestinian colouring, namely Judg 5:7 (twice in verse) [אֲשֶׁר vJudg 5:27], Judg 6:17; Judg 7:12; Judg 8:26; 2Kgs 6:11 (see 4 c), Jonah 1:7; Jonah 1:12; Jonah 4:10 [אֲשֶׁר 11 t.], Ps 122:3; Ps 122:4; Ps 123:2; Ps 124:1; Ps 124:2; Ps 124:6; Ps 129:6; Ps 129:7; Ps 133:2; Ps 133:3; Ps 135:2; Ps 135:8; Ps 135:10; Ps 136:23; Ps 137:8; Ps 137:9; Ps 144:15; Ps 146:3; Ps 146:5; Lam 2:15; Lam 2:16; Lam 4:9; Lam 5:18; Ezra 8:20; 1Chr 5:20; 1Chr 27:27 Canticles (uniformly, except in title Song 1:1); Ecclesiastes (68 t.; אֲשֶׁא 89 t.); also (dubious) Gen 6:3; Gen 49:10 (שֶׁלֹּה ᵐ5 ᵑ6 ᵑ7), Job 19:29 and in the proper name (q. v.) מִישָׁאֵל and מְתוּשָׁאֵל. — In usage, שֶּׁ is in the main parallel with אֲשֶׁר, namely

1. as pronoun who, which, whom, Judg 7:12 כַּהוֺל שֶׁעַל שְׂפַת הַיָּם (compare חוֺל c), Ps 122:3; Ps 124:6 etc.; him whom, that which, etc., Song 1:7; Song 3:1; 1Chr 27:27; Eccl 1:11; Eccl 6:3 וְרַב שֶׁיִּהְיוּ יְמֵי חַיָּיו and much (verb) is that which his days amount to (Hi De and others), vEccl 6:10 הוּא שֶּׁ that which Eccl 1:9 (twice in verse); in the genitive, אַשְׁרֵי שֶּׁ Ps 137:8; Ps 137:9; Ps 146:5. — On מַהשֶּּֿׁ in Eccl = whatever, what, see מָה 1 e b.

2. as a connecting link; = where (compare אֲשֶׁר p. 81, and 4 b β), מְקוֺם שֶּׁ Eccl 1:7; Eccl 11:3 (compare מְקוֺם אֲשֶׁר Gen 39:20 +: Ges^{«GKC:130c»§ 130c}), whither Ps 122:4 (שֶׁשָּׁם ֗֗֗ ), when Song 8:8; Eccl 12:3 בַּיּוֺם שֶּׁ (compare ib. 4 b a).

3.as a conjunction (compare אֲשֶׁר 8); —
a. that, after רָאָה Eccl 2:13; Eccl 3:18, יָרַע Eccl 1:17; Eccl 2:14; Eccl 9:5; Job 19:19 (?), דִּבֶּר Eccl 2:15, אָמַר Eccl 8:14, עָשָׂה אוֺת Judg 6:17 as subject of sentence, Eccl 3:13; Eccl 5:15 also in the phrases, (a) what is ... that ? Song 5:9 (usually כִּי; see מָךְ 1 d b), מֶה הָיָה שֶּׁ how comes it that ... ? Eccl 7:10
(b) Song 3:4 כִּמְעַט שֶׁעָבַרְתּת מֵהֶם hardly (was it) that (German kaum dass) I had passed, etc., Eccl 7:14 עַל דִּדבְרַת שֶׁלּאֹ יִמְצָא to the intent that ..., Eccl 5:15 כָּלעֻֿמַּת שֶׁבֶּא exactly as ..., Eccl 12:9 תֵר שֶׁ besides that, עַד שֶּׁ (עַד ּ Judg 5:7) until that Ps 123:2; Song 2:7; Song 2:17 + (see III. עַד II 1 a a and b; compare Late Hebrew Yoma Song 5:1), while Song 1:12 (ib. 2 d); עָשָׂהשֶּׁ to make or cause that ..., Eccl 3:14 (compare Ezek 36:27).
b. involving a reason (compare אֲשֶׁר 8 c), because, since, Song 1:6 (twice in verse); Song 5:2; Eccl 2:18 b. Hence שֵׁלָּמָה Song 1:7 since why ? = lest (see מָה 4 d b).

4. compounds:
a. בְּשֶּׁ , i. q. בַּאֲשֶׁר c (p. 84a) in that, seeing that, Eccl 2:16 also (according to ᵑ0 ᵐ5 ᵑ6 Hu De) Gen 6:3 בְּשַׁגַּם הוּא בָשָׂר because that he also is flesh; but see שָׁגַג.
b. כּשֶּׁ , i. q. כַּאֲשֶׁר p. 455: — (a) according as Eccl 5:14; Eccl 12:7 (b) when (so often in Late Hebrew, as Ab Eccl 1:8 (3 t. in verse); Eccl 1:14) Eccl 9:12; Eccl 10:3.
c. מִשֶּּׁ , i. q. מֵאֲשֶׁר a (p. 84:a), 2Kgs 6:12 מִי מִשֶּׁלָּנוּ who of those that are ours ? (but Klo Kmp^Kau Benz מְגַלֵּנוּ who betrays us ? compare ᵐ5); Eccl 5:4 than that (compare מֵאֲשֶׁר Eccl 3:22), + Eccl 2:24 (read מִשֶּׁיּאֹכַל with Ew De, etc.; compare Eccl 3:22).
d. שֶׁל, like אֲשֶׁרלְ (אֲשֶׁר 7 b), a mark of the genitive: thrice, adding slight emphasis to the suffix, Song 1:6 = Song 8:12 כַּרְמִי שֶׁלִּי my vineyard (literally my vineyard, which is mine), Song 3:7 מִטָּתוֺ שֶׁלִּשְׁלֹמֹה (so often in Late Hebrew, but without any special emphasis, as Aboth Song 1:12 הֲוֵי מתלמידיווּ שׁלאֿהרן be of Aaron's disciples, Song 2:1 שְׂכָרָן שֶׁלמִֿצְוֺת, vSong 2:2; Song 3:2 הֲוֵי מתפלל בשׁלומהּ שׁלמֿלכות; compare in Syriac, as Luke 6:42 my words, Nö^{§ 225}). And with בְּ, בְּשֶׁל literally through that which belongs to or concerns, pleonastic for on account of (a late, unidiomatic translation of Aramaic בְּרִיל, from בְּ, דִּי, and לְ, as in Onk Gen 12:13 בדילי on my account, Gen 30:27; Gen 39:5 בְּדִיל יוֺסֵף, בְּדִיל מָא on account of what ? Judg 8:1; 2Sam 9:1; 1Kgs 11:12; 1Kgs 11:39, etc.), Jonah 1:7 בְּשֶׁלְּמִי on account of whom ? (|| vJonah 1:8 בַּאֲשֶׁר לְמִי; probably a gloss), vJonah 1:12 בְּשֶׁלִּי an account of me (ᵑ7 בְּדִיל מַן, בְּדִילִי); Eccl 8:17 בְּשֶׁל אֲשֶׁר יַעֲמֹל הָאָדָם לְבַקֵּשׁ on account of (the fact) that (= seeing that) man labours, etc. (unidiomatic translation of Aramaic בְּדִיל דְּ because that, as Gen 6:3 בְּדִיל דְּאִינוּן בִּסְרָא, Gen 39:9 בְּרִיל דְּאַתְּ אִיתְּתֵיהּ [for Hebrew בַּאֲשֶׁר אַתְּ אִשְׁתּוֺ]; Palmyrene בדיל די Ldzb²³³, — in Tariff Gen 1:4 (Cooke^{N. Semitic Inscr. 320}) = ἐπειδή).

[שֹׁא] see [ שׁוֺא].

BDB844 H834

אֲשֶׁר particle of relation (Moabite id.; origin dubious:

1. according to Tsepreghi^{Diss. Lugd. p. 171} Mühlau^{Bö. Lb. ii. 79 n.} Sta^{Morg. Forsch. 1875, 188; Lb. § 167} Hom^{ZMG 1878, 708 ff.} Müll^{§ 153} Sayce^{Hebraica. ii. 51} Lag^{M. i. 255 &} especially Krae^{Hebraica. vi. 298 ff}, originally a substantive 'place' = footstep, mark, (do.), אֲתַר, place, Assyrian ašru, used (see Kraetz.) both as a substantive 'there, where,' and as a relative of place 'where': in Hebrew this development has advanced further, and it has become a relative sign generally. The chief objection to this explanation is that it would isolate Hebrew from the other Semitic languages, in which pronouns are formed regularly from demonstrative roots (compare also Nö^{ZMG 1886, 738}).

2. according to Phi^{St. C. 73} Sperling^{Nota Rel. im Hebr. 1876, 15-22} for אֲשֶׁל, developed from the relative שׁ (q. v.) by (1) the prefixing of either a merely prosthetic א, or, better, a pronominal א (giving rise to אש, the form of the relative in Phoenician), and (2) the addition of the demonstrative root ל [found also in אֵל, אֵלָּה, הַלָּזֶה (q. v.), he who, who (plural)]: the main objection to this explanation is the change of ל to ר, which is hardly rendered probable by the compare of Syriac by side of ᵑ7 הָלְכָּא. 1 seems preferable, the primitive root having acquired different significations in the different Semitic languages, and having been weakened in Hebrew to a mere particle of relation). A sign of relation, bringing the clause introduced by it into relation with an antecedent clause. As a rule אֲשֶׁר is a mere connecting link, and requires to be supplemented (see the grammars) by a pronominal affix, or other word, such as שָׁם, defining the nature of the relation more precisely: e.g. Gen 1:11 אֲשֶׁר זַרֵעוֺבֿוֺ literally as to which, its seed is in it = in which is its seed, Ps 1:4 like the chaff אֲשֶׁרתִּֿדְּפֶנּוּ רוּחַ as to which, the wind drives it = which the wind drives, etc.; & so אֲשֶׁרשָׁ֗֗֗ם = where, אֲשֶׁרמִ֗֗֗שָּׁם = whence, Gen 2:11; Gen 3:23; Gen 20:13 etc. Sometimes also (see below) the relation expressed by it is specifically temporal, local causal, etc. More particularly

1. it includes its pronominal antecedent, whether in the nominative or oblique cases, as Num 22:6 וַאֲשֶׁר תָּאֹר יוּאָר and he whom thou cursest is cursed, Exod 4:12 and I will teach thee אֲשֶׁר תְּדַבֵּר that which thou shalt say; and with particles or prepositions, as אֵת אֲשֶׁר (according to the context) him who . . ., those who . . ., that which . . .; לַאֲשֶׁר to him who . . . Gen 43:16, to those who . . . Gen 47:24, to that which Gen 27:8 מֵאֲשֶׁר Judg 16:30; 2Sam 18:18 than those whom; Lev 27:24 לַאֲשֶׁר קָנָהוּ מֵאִתּוֺ to him from whom he bought it, Num 5:7; Isa 24:2 כַּאֲשֶׁר נשֶׁא בוֺ like him against whom there is a creditor.

2. instances of אֲשֶׁר followed by a pronominal affix, or by שָׁם, שָֽׁמָּה, מִשָּׁם, are so common that the examples cited above will be sufficient. Very rarely there occurs the anomalous construction עִם אֲשֶׁר Gen 31:32 for אֲשֶׁר עִמּוֺ (see Gen 44:9), בַּאֲשֶׁר Isa 47:12 for אֲשֶׁר בָּהֶם, לַאֲשֶׁר for אֲשֶׁרלָ֗֗֗הֶם Ezek 23:40: Ps 119:49 see under על אשׁר. It is followed by the pronoun in the nominative, in the following cases: —
(a) immediately, mostly before an adjective or participle, Gen 9:3 all moving things אֲשֶׁר הוּאחַֿי which are living, Lev 11:26; Num 9:13; Num 14:8; Num 14:27; Num 35:31; Deut 20:20; 1Sam 10:19 (see Dr) 2Kgs 25:19 (|| Jer 52:25 היה) Jer 27:9; Ezek 43:19; Hag 1:9; Ruth 4:15; Neh 2:18; Eccl 7:26 before a verb 2Kgs 22:13 (omitted 2Chr 34:21).
(b) in a negative sentence, at the end: Gen 7:2; Gen 17:12; Num 17:5; Deut 17:15 אֲשֶׁר לֹא אָחִיךָ הוּא who is not thy brother, Deut 20:15; Judg 19:12; 1Kgs 8:41 || 1Kgs 9:20 ||.

N.B. Ps 16:3 אֲשֶׁר בָּאָרֶץ הֵ֑מָּה is an unparalleled expression for 'who are in the land'; read ׳אֲשֶׁר בָּאָ֑רֶץ הֵמָּה אַדִּירֵי וג 'the saints that are in the land, they (המה) are the nobles, in whom,' etc.

3. sometimes (though rarely) the defining adjunct is a pronoun of 1 or 2 person as well as of 3 person. In such cases it is strictly to be rendered I who . . ., thou who, etc.; Hos 14:4 אֲשֶׁרבְּֿךָ יְרֻחַם יָתוֺם thou by whom the fatherless is compassionated ! Jer 31:32 I, whose covenant they brake, Jer 32:19; Isa 49:23; Job 37:17f. thou whose garments are warm . . ., canst thou ? etc., Ps 71:19; Ps 71:20; Ps 144:12 we whose sons, etc., Ps 139:15 my frame was not hidden from thee, אֲ֯שֶׁרעֻֿשֵּׂיתִי בַסֵּתֶר I who was wrought in secret (= though I was wrought in secret), Exod 14:13 for ye who have seen the Egyptians to-day, — ye shall not see them again for ever! (compare Ps 41:9).

4. the defining pron. adjunct is dispensed with —
a. when אֲשֶׁר represents the simple subject of a sentence, or the direct object of a verb: so constantly, as Gen 2:1 the work אֲשֶׁר עָשָׂה which he made, Gen 3:3 the tree אֲשֶׁר בְּתוֺךְ הַגָּן which is in the midst of the garden, etc.
b. after words denoting time, place, or manner, so that אֲשֶׁר then becomes equivalent to when, where, why:
(a) Gen 6:4 אַחֲרֵי כֵן אֲשֶׁר afterwards, when, etc. (compare 2Chr 35:20) Gen 45:6 there are still 5 years אֲשֶׁר אֵין חָרִישׁ when there shall be no plowing, Josh 14:10; 1Kgs 22:25 after יוֺם or הַיּוֺם Deut 4:10; Judg 4:14; 1Sam 24:5 (see Dr) 2Sam 19:25; Jer 20:14 and elsewhere; similarly Gen 40:13. (β) Gen 35:13 בַּמָּקוֺם אֲשֶׁר דִּבֶּר אִתּוֺ in the place where he spake with him, vGen 35:14; Gen 39:20; Num 13:27; Num 22:26; Deut 1:31 in the desert which thou sawest, where (accents Ke Di), Deut 8:15; 1Kgs 8:9 (unless לוּחוֺת הַבְּרִית has here fallen out: see ᵐ5 & Deut 9:9) Isa 55:11; Isa 64:10; Ps 84:4. So (γ) in אֶל אֲשֶׁר to (the place) which (or whither) Exod 32:34; Ruth 1:16 אֶלכָּֿלאֲֿשֶׁר to every (place) whither Josh 1:16; Prov 17:8 בַּאֲשֶׁר in (the place) where Judg 5:27; Judg 17:8; Judg 17:9; 1Sam 23:13; 2Kgs 8:1; Ruth 1:16; Ruth 1:17; Job 39:30, once only with שָׁם Gen 21:17 בְּכֹל אֲשֶׁר wheresoever Josh 1:7; Josh 1:9; Judg 2:15; 1Sam 14:47; 1Sam 18:5; 2Sam 7:7; 2Kgs 18:7 מֵאֲשֶׁר from (the place) where = whencesoever Exod 5:11; Ruth 2:9 עַלאֲֿשֶׁר to (the place) whither (or which) 2Sam 15:20; 1Kgs 18:12 עַלכָּֿלאֲֿשֶׁר Jer 1:7. (δ) זֶה הַדָּבָר אֲשֶׁר ֗֗֗ this is the reason that or why . . . Josh 5:4; 1Kgs 11:27.
c. more extreme instances Lev 14:22; Lev 14:30; Lev 14:31; Num 6:21; Deut 7:19 (wherewith), Deut 28:20; 1Sam 2:32 (wherein), 1Kgs 2:26; Judg 8:15 (about whom), Isa 8:12 (where יאמר would be followed normally by לוֺ), Isa 31:6 turn ye to (him as to) whom they have deeply rebelled, Isa 47:15; Zeph 3:11; Eccl 3:9; 1Kgs 14:19 (= how).
d. it is dispensed with only in appearance after ׅ׳אֲשֶׁר אָמַר (אָמַרְתִּי וג followed by the words used, its place being really taken by a pronoun in the speech which follows, as Gen 3:17 the tree as to which I commanded thee saying, Thou shalt not eat from it, Exod 22:8; Deut 28:68; Judg 7:4 (זֶה) Judg 8:15 (where the noun repeated takes the place of the pronoun, compare Deut 9:2) 1Sam 9:17 (זֶה):23 +; compare 2Sam 11:16; 2Kgs 17:12; 2Kgs 21:4.

5. אֲשֶׁר sometimes in poetry = one who, a man who (men who), ὅστις, οἵτινες, Ps 24:4; Ps 55:20; Ps 95:4; Ps 95:5; Job 4:19; Job 5:5; Job 9:5 (Hi) Job 15:17.

6. אֲשֶׁר occasionally receives its closer definition by a substantive following it, in other words, its logical antecedent is inserted in the relative clause:
(a) in the phrase peculiar to Jeremiah, ׳אֶל יר ׳אֲשֶׁר הָיָה דְבַר י that which came (of) the word of ׳י to Jeremiah Jer 14:1; Jer 46:1; Jer 47:1; Jer 49:34 (compare Ew^{§ 334});
(b) Exod 25:9; Num 33:4; 1Sam 25:30; 2Kgs 8:12; 2Kgs 12:6 לְכֹל אֲשֶׁריִֿמָּצֵא שָׁם בָּֽדֶק׃ Ezek 12:25 compare the Ethiopic usage Di^{§ 201};
(c) (antecedant repeated) Gen 49:30 = Gen 50:13, 1Sam 25:30 (׳י repeated), Isa 54:9 (probably) as to which I sware that, etc., Amos 5:1 which I take up over you (as) a dirge.

7. ׳אֲשֶׁר ל that (belongs, belong, belonged) to, is used
a. either alone or preceded by כָּלֿ to express (all) that (belongs) to, as Gen 14:23 מִכָּלאֲֿשֶׁרלְֿךָ of all that is thine, Gen 31:1 מֵאֲשֶׁר לְאָבִינוּ of that which was our father's, Gen 32:24 & sent over אֶתאֲֿשֶׁרלֿוֺ that which he had, + often
b. as a circumlocution of the genitive, as Gen 29:9 עִםהַֿצּאֹן אֲשֶׁר לְאָבִיהָ with the sheep that were her father's, Gen 40:5; Gen 47:4; Lev 9:8; Judg 6:11; 1Sam 25:7 הָרֹעִים אֲשֶׁרלְֿךָ, 2Sam 14:31 אֶתהַֿחֶלְקָה אֲשֶׁרלִֿי, 2Sam 23:8; 1Kgs 1:8; 1Kgs 1:33 עַל הַפִּרְדָּה אֲשֶׁרלִֿי upon mine own mule, v1Kgs 1:49; 1Kgs 4:2; 2Kgs 11:10; 2Kgs 16:13; Ruth 2:21 and especially in the case of a compound expression depending on a single genitive, as Gen 23:9; Gen 40:5; Gen 41:43 מִרְכֶּבֶת הַמִּשְׁנֶה אֲשֶׁרלֿוֺ the chariot of the second rank which he had, Exod 38:30; Judg 3:20; Judg 6:25; 1Sam 17:40; 1Sam 21:8 אֲבִיר הָרֹעִים אֲשֶׁר לְשָׁאוּל the mightiest of Saul's herdmen, 1Sam 24:5 אֶתכְּֿנַףהַֿמְּעִיל אֲשֶׁרלְֿשָׁאוּל, 2Sam 2:8 Saul's captain of the host, 1Kgs 10:28; 1Kgs 15:20; 1Kgs 22:31; Jer 52:17; Ruth 4:3.
c. with names of places (especially such as do not readily admit the stative construct) Judg 18:28; Judg 19:14 הַגִּבְעָה אֲשֶׁר לְבִנְיָמִין Gibeah (the hill) of Benjamin, Judg 20:4; 1Sam 17:1; 1Kgs 15:27; 1Kgs 16:15; 1Kgs 17:9; 1Kgs 19:3; 2Kgs 14:11. compare שֶׁל (q. v.) which in Rabb, like the Aramaic -דִּיל, , is in habitual use as a mark of the genitive. — N.B. In Aramaic also דּי, , without ל, expresses the genitive relation, as מִלְּתָא דִימַֿלְכָּא, literally the word, that of the king = the word of the king. The few apparent cases of a similar use of אשׁר are, however, too foreign to the general usage of the language to be regarded otherwise than as due to textual error: 1Sam 13:8 read אֲשֶׁר אָמַר (or שָׂם Exod 19:5) שְׁמוּאֵל (ᵐ5 εἶπε); 1Kgs 11:25 supply עָשָׂה (ᵐ5 ἣν ἐποίησεν); 2Kgs 25:10 supply אֵת with (as || Jer 52:14); 2Chr 34:22 read וַאֲשֶׁר אָמַר הַמֶּלֶךְ (compare ᵐ5) and those whom the king appointed (abbreviated from 2Kgs 22:14); compare Ew^{§ 292 a, b} with note.

8. אֲשֶׁר becomes, like Aramaic דּי, , a conjunction approximating in usage to כִּי: thus
a. = quod, ὅτι, that, subordinating an entire sentence to a verb of knowing, remembering, etc.
(a) with אֵת Deut 9:7 forget not אֵת אֲשֶׁר הִקְצַפְתָּ the fact that (= how) thou provokedst, etc., Deut 29:15; Josh 2:10; 1Sam 24:11; 1Sam 24:19; 2Sam 11:20 know ye not אֵת אֲשֶׁריֹֿרוּ how they shoot from off the wall ? 2Kgs 8:12; Isa 38:3 + often As subject (rare) 1Kgs 14:19; 2Kgs 14:15; 2Kgs 20:20. Of time (peculiarly) 2Sam 14:15 עַתָּה אֲשֶׁר now (is it) that . . . Zech 8:20 (probably) yet (shall it be) that . . . vZech 8:23 compare כִּמְעַט שֶׁ Song 3:4. (β) without אֵת (not very common, כִּי being usually employed): after יָדַע Exod 11:7; Ezek 20:26 (very strange in Ezekiel: see Hi) Job 9:5 (Ew De Di) Eccl 8:12, רָאָה Deut 1:31 (RV) 1Sam 18:15, הִתְוַדָּה to confess Lev 5:5; Lev 26:40 b, הִשְׁבִּיעַ 1Kgs 22:16 (caused to swear that . . .); after a noun Isa 38:7 הָאוֺת אֲשֶׁר the sign that . . . (|| 2Kgs 20:9 כִּי): with growing frequency in late Hebrew, 2Chr 2:7, and especially Nehemiah, Esther: Neh 2:5; Neh 2:10; Neh 7:65 (= Ezra 2:63) Neh 8:14; Neh 8:15; Neh 10:31; Neh 13:1; Neh 13:19; Neh 13:22; Neh 2:10; Neh 3:4; Neh 4:11; Neh 6:2; Neh 8:11; (מֵאֲשֶׁר) Eccl 5:4; Eccl 7:18 (with טוֺב: contrast Ruth 2:22) vRuth 2:22 vRuth 2:29; Ruth 8:12; Ruth 8:14; Ruth 9:1; Dan 1:8 (twice in verse). (γ) prefixed to a direct citation, like כִּי q. v. (= ὅτι recitativum) (rare) 1Sam 15:20; 2Sam 1:4; 2Sam 2:4 (see Dr) Ps 10:6 (probably), Neh 4:6.
b. it is resolvable into so that: Gen 11:7 אֲשֶׁר לֹא יִשְׁמְעוּ so that they understand not, etc., Gen 13:16; Gen 22:14 אֲשֶׁר יֵאָמֵר so that it is said, Exod 20:26; Deut 4:10; Deut 4:40 אֲשֶׁר יִיטַב לְךָ Deut 6:3; Deut 28:27; Deut 28:51; 1Kgs 3:12; 1Kgs 3:13; 2Kgs 9:37; Mal 3:19.
c. it has a causal force, forasmuch as, in that, since: Gen 30:18; Gen 31:49 and Mizpah, אֲשֶׁר אָמַר for that he said, Gen 34:13; Gen 34:27; Gen 42:21 we are guilty, אֲשֶׁר רָאִינוּ we who saw (or, in that we saw), Num 20:13 Meribah, because they strove there, Deut 3:24; Josh 4:7; Josh 4:23; Josh 22:31; Judg 9:17; 1Sam 2:23; 1Sam 15:15; 1Sam 20:42 go in peace, אֲשֶׁר נִשְׁבַּעְנוּ forasmuch as we have sworn, 1Sam 25:26 thou whom (= or, seeing that) ׳י hath withholden, 2Sam 2:5 blessed are ye of ׳י, אֲשֶׁר עֲשִׂיתֶם, who (οἵτινες) have done (or in that ye have done), 1Kgs 3:19; 1Kgs 15:5; 2Kgs 12:3; 2Kgs 17:4; 2Kgs 23:26; (Hi De Now). Here also belongs its use in אֲשֶׁר לָמָּה since why . . . ? (= lest) Dan 1:10: see below לָמָּה. On אֲשֶׁר עַל כֵּן forasmuch as Job 34:27 see below כִּי עַל כֵּן.
d. it expresses a condition (rare & peculiar): Lev 4:22 אֲשֶׁר נָשִׂיא יֶחֱטָא in (case) that = when (or if) a ruler sinneth (Lev 4:3 vLev 4:13 vLev 4:37 אִם), Num 5:29 (explained differently by Ew^{§ 334 a}), Deut 11:27 and the blessing אֲשֶׁר תִּשְׁמְעוּ if ye hearken (Deut 11:28 אִם), Deut 18:22 Ges, Josh 4:21 אֲשֶׁר יִשְׁאָלוּן ֗֗֗ when they ask . . ., then . . . (Josh 4:6 כִּי), Isa 31:4. In 1Kgs 8:33 (|| 2Chr 6:24 כִּי, compare Kings v2Chr 6:35 v2Chr 6:37) אֲשֶׁר may be rendered indifferently because or when. Once, similarly, אֵת אֲשֶׁר 1Kgs 8:31 (|| אִם).
e. perhaps (exceptionally) = כַּאֲשֶׁר, as, Jer 33:22; Isa 54:9 (followed by כֵּן; but כֵּן q. v. sometimes stands without כאשׁר, & אשׁר may in these passages connect with what precedes); according to some also Jer 48:8; Ps 106:34 (in a connection where כַּאֲשֶׁר would be more usual: אֲשֶׁר may however be the object of אָמַר). In 1Sam 16:7 אֲשֶׁר יִרְאֶה הָאָדָם read כַּאֲשֶׁר, see Dr. feminine combined with prepositions, אֲשֶׁר converts them into conjunctions: see below, בַּאֲשֶׁר, כַּאֲשֶׁר, מֵאֲשֶׁר. On its use similarly with (אַחֲרֵי) אַחַר, מִבְּלִי, בַּעֲבוּר, עַל דְּבַר, יַעַן, לְמַעַן, כְּפִי, עַד, עַל, עֵקֶב, מִפְּנֵי, תַּחַת, see these words. — הַאֲשֶׁר, with ה interrogative, occurs once, 2Kgs 6:22. In Deut 15:14 also read כַּאֲשֶׁר: note ברכך before.

Note 1. אֲשֶׁר being a connecting link, without any perfectly corresponding equivalent in English, its force is not unfrequently capable of being represented in more than one way. See e.g. 2Sam 2:5 (above 8 c), Isa 28:12 unto whom he said, or for that he said to them.

Note 2. The opinion that אֲשֶׁר has an asseverative force (like כִּי, q. v.), or introduces the apodosis, is not probably, being both alien to its general usage & not required by the passages alleged. Render Isa 8:20 either 'Surely according to this word will those speak who have no dawn,' or '. . . will they speak when (compare above 8 d Deut 11:27; Josh 4:21) they have no dawn.'

BDB845 H834

בַּאֲשֶׁר ₁₉
a. in (that) which . . . Isa 56:4; Isa 65:12; Isa 66:4 (above 1); Eccl 3:9 in (that, in) which (4 c); Isa 47:12 (see 2). b. adverb in (the place) where: above 4 b (γ). c. conjunction in that, inasmuch as, Gen 39:9; Gen 39:23; Eccl 7:2; Eccl 8:4 compare .
d. Jonah 1:8 בַּאֲשֶׁר לְמִי on account of whom ? (בַּאֲשֶׁר לְ on account of, framed on model of Aramaic בְּדִיל: see below שֶׁל).

כַּאֲשֶׁר see below כְּ.

BDB846 H834

מֵאֲשֶׁר₁₇
a. from (or than) that which (him, them, etc., that . . .) Gen 3:11; Exod 29:27 (twice in verse); Num 6:11 (see Lev 4:26; Josh 10:11; Judg 16:30; Isa 47:13 +; than that . . . Eccl 3:22 לְבַד מֵאֲשֶׁר Esth 4:11. b. adverb from (the place) where: above 4 a (β). c. conjunction from (the fact) that . . ., since Isa 43:4.

BDB9440 H1768 H2088 H834

דִּי particle of relation, who, which, that, used also as mark of genitive and conjunction that, because (Aramaic of Nineveh, Babylonian, Zinjirli, Nerab, Cilicia, Têma, Egypt, ןי (Lzb^{267. 446} RES³⁶¹ S-C^{Pap. A 2} +); Nabataean, Palmyrene די; ᵑ7 דְּ (except in compounds, as דִּילִי mine, דִּילֵיהּ his); Samaritan ; Syriac ; Ethiopic za: of same origin as Arabic possessor of [compare below Biblical Hebrew זֶה]. Properly a demonstrative that [compare זֶה; in Ethiopic ze is 'this', za 'which']; but this being referred by usage to something preceding becomes equivalent to the relative who, which, used, however, more widely than Hebrew אֲשֶׁר); —

1. as rel. who, which (construed like אֲשֶׁר): a. Jer 10:11; Dan 2:11 דִּי מְדָֽרְהוֺן whose dwelling, vDan 2:24 דִּי מַנִּי מַלְבָּא whom the king had appointed, vDan 2:26 ׳דִּי שְׁמֵהּ בּ whose name was B., Dan 4:5; Dan 5:12; Dan 5:23, etc.; = that which Dan 2:23 = him that Ezra 7:25; Ezra 6:15; Dan 7:17 דִּת אִנוּן אַרְבַּע which are four (see אִנּוּן). Following pronoun of 2 person (compare אֲשֶׁר 3), Dan 2:37 thou, O king ..., דִּי ֗֗֗ יְהַב לָח to whom... hath given, Dan 4:19; Dan 4:6 as to whom I know, etc. (compare אֲשֶׁר 4 d end). Sq. תַּמָּה = where Ezra 6:1, so דִּי alone Ezra 6:3; Dan 2:38 of time, בְּעִדָּנָא דִּי at the time when, etc., Dan 3:5; Dan 3:15. With the predicate an infinitive with לְ, Dan 6:9 כְּתָבָא דִּי לָא לְהַשְׁנָיָה which is not to be changed, Ezra 6:8 a place- or other determination, Dan 3:20 valiant men בְחֵילֵהּ that were in his army, Dan 5:2 הֵיכְלָא דִּי בִירוּשְׁלֵב, Dan 7:20; Ezra 4:24; Ezra 5:6; Ezra 6:2; Ezra 6:6 compare Dan 2:25; Dan 5:13; Dan 7:7; Ezra 7:23. דִּי לָא = without, Ezra 6:9; Ezra 7:22 (so דְּלָא ᵑ7 Gen 15:2; Exod 21:11); compare Dan 2:34; Dan 2:45.
b. מָן דִּי, מָה דִּי (compare in late Hebrew ׳מַהשֶּֿׁ, מַה 1 e b) whoever, whatever, so Dan 3:6; Dan 3:11 יִפֵּל ָ(מןדִּֿילָֿא whoever does not fall down, Dan 4:14 לְמָן דִּי יִצְבֵּא to whomsoever he willeth, v.Dan 4:22 v.Dan 4:29; Dan 5:21 מָה דִי whatever (or simply what), Dan 2:28 מָה דִּי לֶהֱוֵא what will be, vDan 2:29 vDan 2:29 vDan 2:45; Ezra 6:8; Ezra 7:18. — compare K^{§ 103.}

2. as mark of the genitive, Dan 2:15 שׁליטא די מלכא properly the captain, that of the king = the king's captain (a genuine Aramaic idiom: so ᵑ7 דְּ, Syriac constantly), vDan 2:19 vDan 2:25 vDan 2:49 + often: the substantive in such cases may be either in the emphatic state (determined), as ll. cc. Ezra 4:15; Ezra 5:2, etc., or in the absolute state (undetermined), Dan 5:5; Dan 7:4; Dan 7:9; Dan 7:10 נְהַר דִּי נוּר; or it may have a pleonastic suffix, Dan 2:20 שְׁמֵהּ דִּי אֱלָהָא literally his name, that of God = God's name, vDan 2:44; Dan 3:8; Dan 3:25; Dan 3:26; Dan 4:23, etc. (so also ᵑ7 Syriac). To circumscribe an adjective, especially in specification of the material: Dan 2:38 thou art רֵאשָׁה דִּי דַהֲבָא the head of gold, vDan 2:39; Dan 3:1; Dan 5:7; Dan 5:16; Ezra 5:14; Ezra 6:4 +; as predicate Dan 2:32 רֵאשֵׁהּ דִּידְֿהַב טָב his head (was) of fine gold, vDan 2:33; Dan 7:19 with a pronoun Dan 2:20 wisdom and might דִּילֵֿהּ הִיא are his; compare Dan 6:27 וּמַלְכוּתֵהּ דִּילָֿא תִתְחַבַּל his kingdom (is one) which shall not be destroyed, Dan 7:14. — See further K^{§ 81.}

3. as conjunction (compare אֲשֶׁר 8):
a. that (quod), after verbs of knowing, Dan 2:8; Dan 2:9, seeing Dan 2:45; Dan 3:27, hearing Dan 5:14, etc.; introducing the subject of a sentence, יְדִיעַ ֗֗֗ דִּי ֗֗֗ Dan 3:18; Ezra 4:13; Dan 2:47 מִןקְֿשֹׁט דִּי ֗֗֗ True is it that . . . (compare אָמְנָם כִּי Job 12:2).
b. = in that, inasmuch as, whereas: Dan 2:41 and whereas (דִּי) thou sawest, etc. . . . it shall be adivided kingdom, vDan 2:43; Dan 4:20; Dan 4:23 as a connecting link$ = seeing that, because, for (compare אֲשֶׁר 8 c) Dan 2:9; Dan 2:20b; Dan 2:23b; Dan 2:47b; Dan 4:15; Dan 6:24b.
c. that (ut), after verbs of asking Dan 2:16, commanding Dan 3:10; Dan 3:29, expressing a purpose Dan 4:3; Dan 5:15; Ezra 4:15; Ezra 6:10 +; דִּי לָא that not (ne) Dan 2:18; Dan 3:28; Dan 6:18 (on דִּי לְמָה lest Ezra 7:23, see מה).
d. prefixed to direct narr. (like כִּי 1 b, and sometimes אֲשֶׁר 8 a γ, and ὅτι recitativum), Dan 2:25 and said thus unto him דִּיהַֿשְׁכַּחַת (that) I have found, etc., Dan 5:7; Dan 6:6; Dan 6:14.

4. with prepositions and other prefixes:
a. כְּ דִי (like Hebrew כַּאֲשֶׁר; so Egyptian Aramaic כזי, Palmyrene, Nabataean כדי, Lzb²⁹³ SAC^{G1 62, 63} Cooke^{369 b RES:361}; ᵑ7 כַּד, Syriac ); a according as, Dan 2:43 b. so soon as, when, Dan 3:7; Dan 5:20; Dan 6:11; Dan 6:15.
b. מִןדִּֿי: a. because that, Dan 3:22; Ezra 5:12 (compare מֵאֲשֶׁר Isa 43:4); b. from (the time) that, after (ex quo), Dan 4:23; Ezra 4:23.
c. עַד דִּי until, Dan 2:9; Dan 2:34; Dan 4:30; Dan 7:22 = ere that Dan 6:25.
d. עַל דִּי Dan 3:19 is not a conjunction, but means above that which ...
e. for עַל דִּבְרַת דִּי and כָּלקֳֿבֵל דִּי see [ דִּבְרָה] and קֳבֵל.

which, that, as, whom, who, …

ʾăšer

who, which, what, that; also (as an adverb and a conjunction) when, where, how, because, in order that, etc

(relative part.)

which, who

that (in obj clause)

בֵּֽרַכְ ךָ֖

בֵּֽרַכְ

Root word blessed, bless, blesseth, salute, blessest, …

ךָ֖

Suffix — pronoun your / you (one man)

Dictionary form: בָּרַךְ · baw-RAHK

Verb — Piel, Perfect (Qatal), third person masculine singular intensive — "he really / thoroughly did" completed action — try "he ___ed" or "he has ___ed" the built-in subject is "he (or it)"

In the KJV here: hath blessed thee

blessed ×69 and blessed ×28 bless ×28 hath blessed ×8 and bless ×7 be blessed ×7 to bless ×5 and he blessed ×4

More options

bless — Core meaning; fits divine and human blessing contexts.

praise — Use when the recipient is God or a deity.

honor — Suits formal, relational, or social blessing contexts.

greet — Fits salutation or farewell uses of the root.

kneel — Literal physical posture sense; rare but attested.

congratulate — Informal register; suited to human celebratory contexts.

BDB1330 H1288 H1263

[בָּרַךְ]₃₂₉ verb kneel, bless (Late Hebrew id.; Arabic ; Ethiopic : Aramaic בְּרֵךְ (praise), Palmyrene especially in בריך שמו לעלמא Vog^{Palm. 74 ff.} compare 94, 144) —

Qal Imperfect יִבְּרַךְ 2Chr 6:13 נִבְרְכָה Ps 95:6 בָּרוֺךְ (see Pi`el); Passive participle בָּרוּךְ Gen 9:26 + 70 t.; —

1. kneel down (so Arabic, Syriac, Ethiopic): וַיִּבְרַךְ עַלבִּֿרְכָּיו and he kneeled upon his knees 2Chr 6:13 ׳נִבְרְכָה לפני י let us kneel before Yahweh Ps 95:6.

2. bless (only passive participle).
a. of God: ׳בָּרוּךְ י blessed be (or is) ׳י Exod 18:10 (E) Gen 9:26; Gen 24:27 (J) Ruth 4:14; 1Sam 25:32: 1Sam 25:39; 2Sam 18:28; 1Kgs 1:48; 1Kgs 5:21; 1Kgs 8:51; 1Kgs 8:56; 1Kgs 10:9; 1Chr 16:36; 1Chr 29:10; 2Chr 2:11; 2Chr 6:4; 2Chr 9:8; Ps 28:6; Ps 31:22; Ps 41:14; Ps 72:18; Ps 89:53; Ps 106:48; Ps 119:12; Ps 124:6; Ps 135:21; Ps 144:1; Zech 11:5 אלהים ׳ב Ps 66:20; Ps 68:36 אדני ׳ב Ps 68:20 (probably for an original יהוה); אל עליון ׳ב Gen 14:20 (E); צוּרִי ׳ב 2Sam 22:47 (= Ps 18:47); ׳כבוד י ׳ב Ezek 3:12 שׁם ׳ב כבודו Ps 72:19.
b. of men: Gen 27:33 (J) Num 22:12 (E) Deut 7:14; Deut 28:3; Deut 28:6; Deut 33:20; Deut 33:24; 1Sam 25:33; 1Sam 26:25; Judg 17:2; 1Kgs 2:45; Ps 118:26; Isa 19:25; Jer 17:7; Jer 20:14 מברכך ברוך blessed be the one blessing thee Gen 27:29; Num 24:9 (E); ליהוה ׳ב Ruth 2:19; Ruth 2:20; Ruth 3:10; 1Sam 15:13; 1Sam 23:21; 2Sam 2:5; Ps 115:15 לאל עליון ׳ב Gen 14:19 ׳בְּרוּךְ י Gen 24:31; Gen 26:29 (J); ׳בְּרוּכֵי י Isa 65:23.
c. things: בָּרוּךְ פרי בטנך blessed be the fruit of thy womb Deut 28:4 compare Deut 28:5; 1Sam 25:33; Prov 5:18. Niph`al Perfect נִבְרְכוּ Gen 12:3; Gen 18:18; Gen 28:14 (J) bless oneself (compare Hithpa`el). Pi`el₂₃₃ Perfect בֵּרַךְ Gen 24:1 + 29 t.; בֵּרֵךְ Ps 10:3; Num 23:20 בֵּרְכוּ 2Chr 20:26 וּבֵרֲכוּ Job 1:5 suffix בֵּרֲכוֺ, בֵּרֲכַּנִי, etc., Gen 27:27 + 5 t.; בֵּרַכְךָ Deut 2:7 + 9 t.; Imperfect יְבָרֵךְ, וַיְּבֶ֫רֶךְ etc., Gen 28:3 + 52 t.; אֲבָֽרֲכָה Gen 12:3 + 2 t.; plural יְבָֽרֲכוּ Gen 24:60 + 11 t.; suffix יְבָרֶכְךָ Gen 27:10 + 21 t.; יְבָֽרֲכֶךָּ Gen 49:25 + 2 t.; יְבָֽרֲכֵהוּ Gen 14:19 + 16 t.; יְבָֽרֲכֵם Gen 48:20 + 6 t.; אֲבָרֶכְכָה Gen 27:7 תְּבָֽרֲכַּ נִּי Gen 27:19; Gen 27:31 יְבָֽרֲכֶנְהוּ Ps 72:15 יְבָֽרֲכוּכָה Ps 145:10 Imperative בָּרֵךְ Deut 33:11 + 29 t.; Infinitive construct בָּרֵךְ Gen 22:17 + 24 t.; Infinitive absolute בָּרוֺךְ Josh 24:10 (Ki, compare Kö^{i. 191}, Ew^{§ 240 b, 2} Ol Sta); Participle מְבָרֵךְ Prov 27:14 + 4 t.; —

1. bless God, adore with bended knees: accusative ׳ברך י Gen 24:48 (J) Deut 8:10; Judg 5:2; Judg 5:9; 1Chr 29:10; 1Chr 29:20; 2Chr 20:26; 2Chr 31:8; Neh 9:5; Ps 16:7; Ps 26:12; Ps 34:2; Ps 63:5; Ps 103:20; Ps 103:21; Ps 103:22; Ps 115:18; Ps 134:1; Ps 134:2; Ps 135:19; Ps 135:20; Ps 145:2; Ps 145:10 ברכי ׳נפשׁי את י Ps 103:1; Ps 103:2; Ps 103:22; Ps 104:1; Ps 104:35 ברך שׁם bless the name of Yahweh Neh 9:5; Ps 96:2; Ps 100:4; Ps 145:1; Ps 145:21 ברך אלהים Josh 22:33; Ps 66:8; Ps 68:27 (doubtless for an original יהוה), with לְ 1Chr 29:20 מְבָרֵךְ אָוָן Isa 66:3 (of idolatrous worship).

2. God blesses
a. men: absolute Num 23:20 (E) Ps 109:28 with accusative Gen 32:27; Gen 32:30; Gen 48:16; Exod 20:24; Num 24:1; Josh 24:10 (E) Gen 12:2; Gen 12:3; Gen 22:17; Gen 24:1; Gen 24:35; Gen 26:12; Gen 30:27; Gen 30:30; Gen 39:5; Gen 49:25; Josh 17:14 (J) Gen 1:22; Gen 1:28; Gen 5:2; Gen 9:1; Gen 17:16; Gen 17:20; Gen 25:11; Gen 26:3; Gen 26:24; Gen 28:3; Gen 35:9; Gen 48:3; Num 6:24; Num 6:27 (P) Deut 1:11; Deut 2:7; Deut 7:13; Deut 12:7; Deut 14:24; Deut 14:29; Deut 15:4; Deut 15:6; Deut 15:10; Deut 15:14; Deut 15:18; Deut 16:10; Deut 16:15; Deut 23:21; Deut 24:13; Deut 24:19; Deut 26:15; Deut 28:8; Deut 30:16; Deut 2:11; Deut 2:12; Deut 7:29; Deut 1:10; Deut 13:14; Deut 17:27; Deut 26:5; Deut 2:10; Ps 5:13; Ps 28:9; Ps 29:11; Ps 45:3; Ps 67:2; Ps 67:7; Ps 67:8; Ps 107:38; Ps 115:12; Ps 115:13; Ps 128:5; Ps 134:3; Ps 147:13; Prov 3:33; Isa 19:25; Isa 51:2; Isa 61:9; Jer 31:23; Hag 2:19,
b. things: Sabbath Gen 2:3; Exod 20:11 (P); field Gen 27:27 (E); bread Exod 23:25 (E); work Deut 28:12; Job 1:10 compare Deut 33:11; Ps 65:11; Ps 132:15.

3. men bless men: priests & kings ׳בשׁם י Deut 10:8; Deut 21:5; 2Sam 6:18; 1Chr 16:2; 1Chr 23:13; Ps 129:8 Melchizedek Abraham Gen 14:19 Moses Deut 33:1; Exod 12:32; Exod 39:43 Joshua Josh 14:13; Josh 22:6; Josh 22:7 priests Lev 9:22; Lev 9:23; Num 6:23; Deut 27:12; Josh 8:33; 2Chr 30:27; Ps 118:26 Solomon 1Kgs 8:14; 1Kgs 8:55 ( = 2Chr 6:3); David 2Sam 6:20 (= 1Chr 16:43) 2Sam 19:40 Eli 1Sam 2:20 Balaam Num 22:6; Num 23:11; Num 23:20; Num 23:25; Num 24:10 fathers, especially on death-bed Gen 27:4 + 12 t. Gen 27 (all J E) Gen 28:1; Gen 28:6 (P) Gen 32:1 (E) Gen 48:9 (P) Gen 48:15; Gen 48:20; Gen 49:28 (J) 2Sam 13:25 in consecrating a sacrifice 1Sam 9:13.

4. salute, greet, with an invocation of blessing (stronger than שׁלום):בך יברך ישׂראל with thee will Israel bless Gen 48:20 (E).
a. in meeting Gen 47:7 (P) 2Kgs 4:29; 2Kgs 10:15; 1Sam 13:10.
b. in departing Gen 24:60 (J) Gen 47:10 (P) 1Kgs 8:66.
c. by messengers 1Sam 25:14; 2Sam 8:10; 1Chr 18:10.
d. in gratitude Job 31:20; Prov 30:11; Neh 11:2.
e. morning salutation Prov 27:14. feminine congratulations for prosperity Gen 12:3 (J) Gen 27:29; Num 24:9 (E) 1Kgs 1:47; Ps 49:19; Ps 62:5.
g. in homage 2Sam 14:22; Ps 72:15.
h. in friendliness 2Sam 21:3.

5. bless, with the antithetical meaning curse (Thes) from the greeting in departing, saying adieu to, taking leave of; but rather a blessing overdone and so really a curse as in vulgar English as well as in the Shemitic cognates: 1Kgs 21:10; 1Kgs 21:13; Job 1:5; Job 1:11; Job 2:5; Job 2:9; Ps 10:3. Pu`al Imperfect יְבֹרַךְ 2Sam 7:29 + 3 t.; תְּבֹרַךְ Judg 5:24; Prov 20:21 Participle מְבֹרָךְ Num 22:6 + 3 t.; feminine מְבֹרֶכֶת Deut 33:13 מְבֹרָכָיו Ps 37:22 —

1. passive to be blessed, adored: ׳שׁם י Job 1:21; Ps 113:2

2. prospered by God:
a. persons 2Sam 7:29; 1Chr 17:27; Ps 37:22; Ps 112:2; Ps 128:4; Prov 20:21.
b. things Deut 33:13.

3. have prosperity invoked, by Balaam Num 22:6.

4. in gratitude Prov 22:9; Judg 5:24. Hiph`il וַיַּבְרֵךְ חַגְּמַלִּים and he made his camels kneel Gen 24:11 (J). Hithpa`el הִתְבָּרֵךְ Deut 29:18 + 3 t.; Imperfect יִתְבָּרֵךְ Isa 65:16; Ps 72:17 Participle מִתְבָּרֵךְ Isa 65:16 — bless oneself, congratulate onself בלבבו in his heart Deut 29:18 בזרעך with or by (compare בְּ III.

2. d) thy seed (invoke for oneself the blessing of the see of Abraham) Gen 22:18; Gen 26:4 (J); by the Messianic king Ps 72:17 באלהי אמן Isa 65:16 by ׳י Jer 4:2.

BDB9387 H1288 H1289

[בְּרַךְ] verb kneel, bless (so Biblical Hebrew); —

Pe Participle

1. active בָּרֵךְ עַלבִּֿרְכוֺ֫הִי Dan 6:11 kneeling on his knees (in prayer).

2. passive בְּרִיךְ Dan 3:28 blessed (be) the God, etc. Pa`el bless, praise: Perfect 3 masculine singular בָּרִךְ Dan 2:19, 1 singular בָּֽתְכֵת (K^{§ 39, 3}) Dan 4:31, both with ל of God; Passive participle מְבָרַךְ Dan 2:20 the name of God (be) blessed.

blessed, bless, blesseth, salute, blessest, …

bārak

to kneel; by implication to bless God (as an act of adoration), and (vice-versa) man (as a benefit); also (by euphemism) to curse (God or the king, as treason)

to bless, kneel

(Qal)

to kneel

יְהוָ֥ה

Root word a name — transliterate it ("The lord")

Dictionary form: יְהֹוָה · yeh-hoh-WAW

Noun — Proper Name

In the KJV here: the lord

the lord ×2811 of the lord ×1522 and the lord ×457 unto the lord ×342 o lord ×222 am the lord ×158 lord ×67 to the lord ×60

More options

the LORD — Standard modern Bible convention; small-caps signal the divine name.

YHWH — Preserves the Hebrew tetragrammaton; used in scholarly translations.

Yahweh — Reconstructed pronunciation; preferred in academic and some modern versions.

the Lord — General rendering when small-caps convention is unavailable.

God — Use only where context clearly equates YHWH with generic deity.

the Eternal — Captures timeless-existence nuance; used in some progressive translations.

BDB2100 H3068 H3069 H1961 H430 H589 H2022 H6635

יהוה_{c. 6823} i.e. יַהְוֶה proper name, of deity Yahweh, the proper name of the God of Israel — (

1. ᵑ0 יְהוָֺה^C518 (Qr אֲדֹנָי), or יֱהוִֺה₃₀₅ (Qr אֱלֹהִים), in the combinations אדני יהוה & יהוה אדני (see אֲדֹנֶי), and with preposition בַּיהוָֺה, לַיהוָֺה, מֵיהוָֺה (Qr בַּאדֹנָי, לַאדֹנָי, מֵאדֹנָי), do not give the original form. ᵐ5 and other Vrss follow the Qr. On the basis of Exod 20:7; Lev 24:11 יהוה was regarded as a nomen ineffabile (see Philo^{de Vita Mosis iii. 519, 529}), called by the Jews הַשֵּׁם and by the Samaritans שׁימא. The pronunciation Jehovah was unknown until 1520, when it was introduced by Galatinus; but it was contested by Le Mercier, J. Drusius, and L. Capellus, as against grammatical and historical propriety (compare Bö^{§ 88}). The traditional Ἰαβέ of Theodoret and Epiphanius, the יָֿהוּ, יְהוֺֿ of compound proper name and the contracted form יָהּ all favour יַהְוֶךְ (compare יַהֲלֹמ֑וּן Ps 74:6 תַּהֲרוּ Isa 33:11), see Lag^{Sym i.14} Baud^{Studien i.179 ff.}; Dr^{Stud.Bib.i.1 ff.} For Jeve see Sta^{ZAW 1881, 346} De^{ib.1882, 173 f. & Gn. Excurs. ii.}

2. on literature of interpretations see Nes^Eg.67 Dr^{l.c. — Many recent scholars explain} יַהְוֶה as Hiph`il of היה (=היה) the one bringing into being, life-giver (compare חַוָּה Gen 3:20) Schr HSch; giver of existence, creator, Kue Tiele; he who brings to pass (so already Le Clerc),performer of his promises, Lag, Nes^Eg.88 (but Nes^{Eg.91 inclines to Qal as} RS^{Brit. & For. Ev. Rev} see below); or from היה he who causes to fall, rain or lightning RS^{OTJC.ed.1, 423; om.ed.2, 245}, compare We^{Skizzen iii.175}; 'Fäller,' destroying foes, Sta^G.i.429 (dubiously). But most take it as Qal of הוה (= היה); the one who is: i.e. the absolute and unchangeable one, Ri; the existing, ever living, as self-consistent and unchangeable, Di; or the one ever coming into manifestation as the God of redemption, De Oehl; compare also RS^{Brit. & For. Ev. Rev. 1876}, he will be it, i.e all that his servants look for (compare Ew^infr), he will approve himself (give evidence of being, assert his being Dr^l.c.17)).

**Theories of non-Hebrew or non-Semitic origin, opposed (in their older forms) by Bau^{Rel. i. 181 ff. (see especially 230)}; Dl^{Pa 162 ff.} claimed Babylonian origin for יהו, against this Kue^{national Religions, etc., Note iv (Eng. Trans. 329 ff.)} Jastr^{JBL xiil {1894}, 103 f.} compare Hpt^{BAS i. 170 N}; Dl^{Babel u. Bibel, 46 f., 73 f.} makes same claim for יהוה, against this see especially Hirsch^{ZAW xxiil {1903}, 355 ff.} Zim^{KATS. 465 ff.}; Spiegelb^{ZMG:liii {1899}, 633 ff.} proposes (improbable) Egyptian etymology for יהוה; further discussions see in Kö^{EB NAMES, § 112 and n.3}. 'Jehovah' found in Jacob (? Johannes) Wessel († 1480), according to Schw^{ThLZ, 1905, col. 612}.

I. יהוה is not used by E in Genesis, but is given Exod 3:12-15 as the name of the God who revealed Himself to Moses at Horeb, and is explained thus : אֶהְיֶה עִמָּ֑ךְ I shall be with thee (Exod 3:12), which is then implied in אֶהְיֶה אֲשֶׁר אֶהְיֶה I shall be the one who will be it vExod 3:14a (i.e: with thee vExod 3:12) and then compressed into אֶהְיֶה vExod 3:14b (i.e. with thee vExod 3:12), which then is given in the nominal form יהוה He who will be it vExod 3:15 (i.e. with thee vExod 3:12). compare Ew^{BTh ii. 337, 338} RS^{l.c., Proph. 385 ff.} Other interpretations are: I am he who I am, i.e. it is no concern of yours (Le Clerc Lag^{Psalt.Hieron.156}); I am (this is my name), inasmuch as I am (אֲשֶׁר = כִּי; AE JDMich We^JD Th xxi, 540 = compare Hexateuch 72); Di and others I am who I am, he who is essentially unnameable, inexplicable, — E uses יהוה sparingly by the side of אלהים and האלהים in his subsequent narrative. The Ephraimitic writers in Judges Samuel Kings use it in similar proportions. P abstains from the use of יהוה until he gives an account of its revelation to Moses Exod 6:3 but subsequently uses it freely. He gives no explanation of its meaning. He represents that אֵל שַׁדַּי was the God of the patriarchs. J uses יהוה from the beginning of his narrative, possibly explaining it, Gen 21:83 by אל עולם, the evergreen tamarisk being a symbol of the ever-living God; compare De Gen 21:33. Elsewhere יהוה is the common divine name in pre-exilic writers, but in post-exilic writers gradually falls into disuse, and is supplanted by אלהים and אדני. In Job it is used 31 t. in prose parts, and Job 12:9 (a proverb); not elsewhere in the poem. Chronicles apart from his sources prefers אלהים and האלהים. Daniel uses יהוה only in chap. 9 (7 t.); Ecclesiastes not at all. In the Elohistic group of Psalm 42-83 it is used 39 t. (see אלהים) . It occurs as the name of Israel's God MI¹⁸. It is doubtful whether it was used by other branches of the Shemitic family, compare COT Gen 2:4b Dl^{Pa 158 ff.} Dr^{Stud. Bib. i. 7 ff}.

II. 1. יהוה is used with אלהים and suffixes, especially in D;
a. with אֱלֹהֶיךָ in the Ten Words Exod 20:2-12 (5 t.) = Deut 5:6-16 in the law of worship of J E, Exod 23:19; Exod 34:24; Exod 34:26 in D 234 t.; Josh 1:9; Josh 1:17; Josh 9:9; Josh 9:24 (D²); elsewhere Gen 27:20; Exod 15:26 (JE), Judg 6:26 Samuel & Kings 20 t.; 1Chr 11:2; 1Chr 22:11; 1Chr 22:12; 2Chr 9:8 (twice in verse); 2Chr 16:7; Isa 7:11; Isa 37:4 (twice in verse); Isa 41:13; Isa 43:3; Isa 51:15; Isa 55:5; Jer 40:2 + (3t.); Hos 12:10; Hos 13:4; Hos 14:2; Amos 9:15; Ps 81:11.
b. with אֱלֹהֵיכֶם in D 46 t.; D² 28 t.; H 15 t.; P 15 t.; elsewhere Exod 23:25 (E); Exod 8:24; Exod 10:8; Exod 10:16; Exod 10:17 (JE); Judg 6:10; 1Sam 12:12; 1Sam 12:14; 2Kgs 17:39; 2Kgs 23:21; 1Chr 22:18 + (10 t. Chronicles) Ps 76:12; Jer 13:16 + (5 t.) Ezek 20:5; Ezek 20:7; Ezek 20:19; Ezek 20:20; Joel 2:13 + (6 t.) Zech 6:15.
c. with אֱלֹהֵינוּ in D 23 t.; in D² 5 t.; Exod 8:6 (JE) Exod 3:18; Exod 5:3; Exod 8:22; Exod 8:23; Exod 10:25; Exod 10:26 (E) Judg 11:24; 1Sam 7:8; 1Kgs 8:57; 1Kgs 8:59; 1Kgs 8:61; 1Kgs 8:65; 2Kgs 18:22; 2Kgs 19:10 = Isa 36:7; Isa 37:20; 1Chr 13:2 + (15 t. Chronicles) Mic 4:5; Mic 7:17; Isa 26:13; Jer 3:22 + (17 t.) Ps 20:8; Ps 90:17 (?;Baer אֲדנָֹי); Ps 94:23; Ps 99:5; Ps 99:8; Ps 99:9 (twice in verse); Ps 105:7; Ps 106:47; Ps 113:5; Ps 122:9; Ps 123:2; Dan 9:10; Dan 9:13; Dan 9:14.
d. with אֱלֹהֵיהֶם Exod 10:7 (J) Exod 29:46 (twice in verse); Lev 26:44 (P) Judg 3:7; Judg 8:34; 1Sam 12:9; 1Kgs 9:9; 2Kgs 17:7; 2Kgs 17:9; 2Kgs 17:14; 2Kgs 17:16; 2Kgs 17:19; 2Kgs 18:12; 2Chr 31:6; 2Chr 33:17; 2Chr 34:33; Neh 9:3 (twice in verse); Neh 9:4; Jer 3:21; Jer 22:9; Jer 30:9; Jer 43:1 (twice in verse); Jer 50:4; Ezek 28:26; Ezek 34:30; Ezek 39:22; Ezek 39:28; Hos 1:7; Hos 3:5; Hos 7:10; Zeph 2:7; Hag 1:12 (twice in verse); Zech 9:16; Zech 10:6.
e. with אֱלֹהָיו Num 23:21 (E) Exod 32:11 (J) Lev 4:22 (P) Deut 17:19; Deut 18:7; 1Sam 30:6; 1Kgs 5:17; 1Kgs 11:4; 1Kgs 15:3; 1Kgs 15:4; 1Kgs 2:11; 1Kgs 16:2; 1Kgs 2:1 + 13 t. Chronicles; Mic 5:3; Jer 7:28; Ps 33:12; Ps 144:15; Ps 146:5; Jonah 2:2. feminine with אֱלֹהַי Num 22:18 (JE) Deut 4:5; Deut 18:16; Deut 26:14; Josh 14:8; Josh 14:9; 2Sam 24:24; 1Kgs 3:7; 1Kgs 5:18; 1Kgs 5:19; 1Kgs 8:28; 1Kgs 17:20; 1Kgs 17:21; 1Chr 21:17; 1Chr 22:7; 2Chr 2:3; 2Chr 6:19; 2Chr 9:5; Ps 7:2; Ps 7:4; Ps 13:4; Ps 18:29; Ps 30:3; Ps 30:13; Ps 35:24; Ps 40:6; Ps 104:1; Ps 109:26; Isa 25:1; Jer 31:18; Dan 9:4; Dan 9:20; Jonah 2:7; Hab 1:12; Zech 11:4; Zech 13:9; Zech 14:5.
g. with אֱלֹהַיִךְ Isa 60:9; Jer 2:17; Jer 2:19; Jer 3:13; Mic 7:10; Zeph 3:17.
h. with אלהים, probably always due to later editors, or to a Qr which has crept into the text Gen 2:4b — Gen 3:23 (J, 20 t. either אלהים inserted by R^P as Di De; or יהוה inserted by J in an older source); Exod 9:30 (J, but not in ᵐ5 ⅏; Samaritan אדני יהוה; possibly ᵑ0 from earlier Qr, & ⅏ from later Qr); 2Sam 7:22; 2Sam 7:25 (ᵐ5 אדני יהוה and 1Chr 17:20-23 only יהוה); 1Chr 17:16; 1Chr 17:17 (but 2Sam 7:18; 2Sam 7:19 אדני יהוה) 1Chr 28:20; 1Chr 29:1; 2Chr 1:9; 2Chr 6:41 (twice in verse); 2Chr 6:42; 2Chr 26:18 (but in the original Ps 132:8 stood יהוה (so ℌ), or else no divine name); Ps 72:18 (the late doxology) Ps 84:12 (but it makes the line too long); Jonah 4:6. For the combinations with other divine names see those names.

2. the phrase אֲנִי יהוה is noteworthy: —
a. after אמר either alone Exod 6:2; Exod 6:29 (P) or before relative and other clauses: Gen 28:13 (J) Gen 15:7 (R) Exod 6:6 (P) with אלהיכם Judg 6:10; Ezek 20:5.
b. after ידע כי (α) Exod 7:17; Exod 8:18; Exod 10:2 (J); Exod 7:5; Exod 14:4; Exod 14:18 (P); 1Kgs 20:13; 1Kgs 20:28; Jer 24:7; Ezek 6:7 + 48 t. Ezekiel; (β) with אלהיכם Exod 6:7; Exod 16:12; Deut 29:5 (P) Exod 20:20; Joel 4:17 (γ) with אלהיהם Exod 29:46 (P) Ezek 28:26; Ezek 34:30; Ezek 39:22; Ezek 39:28 (δ) before relative and other clauses Isa 45:3; Isa 49:23; Isa 49:26; Isa 60:16; Ezek 7:9; Ezek 17:24; Ezek 21:10; Ezek 22:22; Ezek 35:12; Ezek 36:36 (ε) with various forms of קדשׁ Exod 31:13 (P) Ezek 20:12; Ezek 37:28; Ezek 39:7 (ζ) with דברתי Ezek 5:13; Ezek 17:21, compare ׳יֵדְעוּ אשׁר אני י Ezek 20:26.
c. after כִּי in various combinations Lev 11:44; Lev 11:45; Num 35:34 (P), Lev 20:7; Lev 20:26; Lev 21:8; Lev 21:15; Lev 21:23; Lev 22:16; Lev 24:22; Lev 25:17; Lev 26:1; Lev 26:44 (all H); Exod 15:26 (R) Isa 41:13; Isa 43:3; Isa 61:8; Jer 9:23; Ezek 12:25; Ezek 21:4; Zech 10:6; Mal 3:6.
d. emphatic Exod 6:8; Exod 12:12; Lev 26:2; Lev 26:45; Num 3:13; Num 3:41; Num 3:45 (all P); Lev 18:5; Lev 18:6; Lev 18:21; Lev 19:12; Lev 19:14; Lev 19:16; Lev 19:18; Lev 19:28; Lev 19:30; Lev 19:32; Lev 19:37; Lev 21:12; Lev 22:2; Lev 22:3; Lev 22:8; Lev 22:30; Lev 22:31; Lev 22:33 (all H) Isa 43:15 with אלהיהם Exod 29:46 with אלהיךָ Isa 48:17 with אלהיכם Lev 23:43; Lev 25:38; Lev 25:55; Num 10:10; Num 15:41 (twice in verse) (P) Lev 18:2; Lev 18:4; Lev 18:30; Lev 19:2; Lev 19:3; Lev 19:4; Lev 19:10; Lev 19:25; Lev 19:31; Lev 19:34; Lev 19:36; Lev 20:24; Lev 23:22; Lev 26:13 (all H) Ezek 20:7; Ezek 20:19; Joel 2:27 with מְקַדֵּשׁ Lev 20:8; Lev 22:9; Lev 22:32 (H), with דברתי Num 14:35 (P) Ezek 5:15 + (11 t. Ezekiel); with clauses Isa 27:3; Isa 41:4; Isa 41:17; Isa 42:6; Isa 42:8; Isa 45:5; Isa 45:6; Isa 45:7; Isa 45:8; Isa 45:18; Isa 45:19; Isa 45:21; Isa 60:22; Jer 17:10; Jer 32:27; Ezek 14:4; Ezek 14:7; Ezek 14:9; Ezek 34:24 אָנֹכִי יהוה is used in the Ten Words Exod 20:2; Exod 20:5 = Deut 5:6; Deut 5:9 cited Ps 81:11; Hos 12:10; Hos 13:4 elsewhere only Exod 4:11 (J) Isa 43:11; Isa 44:24; Isa 51:15.

3. יהוה is also used with several predicates, to form sacred names of holy places of Yahweh יהוה יראה Gen 22:14 (J); יהוה נסי Exod 17:15 (E) יהוה שׁלים Judg 6:24 יהוה צדקנו Jer 33:16 (compare Jer 23:6 where it is applied to the Messiah); יהוה שָׁ֑מָּה Ezek 48:35. — On combinations such as ׳הַר י, צְבָאוֺת ׳י etc., see הַר, צָבָא, etc.

Note. — Bonk^{ZAW 1891, 126 ff.} seems to shew that as prefix, in compare proper name, יְהוֺ is the oldest and the latest form and that יוֺ is intermediate, belonging to the earlier post-exilic period until the time of Chronicles; occasional copyists' mistakes being taken into the account.

BDB3475 H3068

׳יְהוֺ proper name compounded with, see below יהוה above.

BDB3483 H3068 H3069

יהוה proper name, of deity, see below הוה.

BDB3489 H3068 H3097

׳יו = ׳יְהוֺ proper name compounded with, see below יהוה above: — namely יוֺאָב, יוֺאָח, יוֺאָחָז, יוֺאֵל, יוֺאָשׁ, יוֺיָכִין, יוֺיָקִים, יוֺיָרִיב, יוֺעֵד, יוֺעָשׁ, יוֺקִים, יוֺרָם, יוֺתָם, etc.

lord, lords, god, jehovah, jehovah-jireh, …

yĕhōwâ

the existing One

(the) self-Existent or Eternal; Jeho-vah, Jewish national name of God

the proper name of the one true God

unpronounced except with the vowel pointings of H0136

אֱלֹהֶֽי ךָ

אֱלֹהֶֽי

Root word god, gods, judges, great, goddess, …

ךָ

Suffix — pronoun your / you (one man)

Dictionary form: אֱלֹהִים · eh-loh-HEEM

Noun — Common, masculine plural, construct state plural — usually add "-s"; "___ of …" — bound to the next word

In the KJV here: thy god