Ecclesiastes 5:17

1. also, moreover, emphasizing sometimes the thought of an entire sentence, but more usually the word immediately following, as Gen 3:6 וַתִּתֵּן גַּם לְאִישָׁהּ and gave also to her husband, vGen 3:27 and take also of the tree of life, Gen 7:3; Gen 19:21; Gen 24:19; Gen 26:21; Gen 29:27; Gen 30:15; Gen 32:21 (גַּם הִגֵּה ֗֗֗ : so Esth 7:9) Gen 48:11; Exod 8:28; Exod 12:32b Deut 1:37; 1Sam 28:20; 2Sam 11:12; 2Kgs 9:27; Isa 7:13 +. Often before pronouns, Gen 4:4 וְהֶבֶל הֵבִיא גַם הוּא and Abel, he also brought, Gen 20:5 וְהִיאגַֿםהִֿוא (so only here) and she herself also, vGen 20:6; Gen 27:31 וַיַּעַשׂ גַּם הוּא, Gen 30:8; Deut 3:20; Judg 3:31; Judg 6:35; Judg 9:19; 1Sam 19:20-24; Jer 12:6; Jer 48:26 etc. (compare MI⁶ ויאמר גם הא): especially in genealogies of J (Bu^{Urg. 220}) Gen 4:22; Gen 4:26; Gen 10:21; Gen 19:38; Gen 22:20; Gen 22:24 compare Judg 8:31. גַּם followed by pronoun also begins a sentence with emphasis in an elevated style, thou (they) also, Isa 14:10; Jer 12:6 (twice in verse); Jer 48:7; Ezek 16:52; Nah 3:11 (twice in verse). After a pronoun in an oblique case (Ges^{«GKC:135»§ 135}, 2) Gen 27:34; 1Sam 19:23; 2Sam 17:5; Jer 25:14; Jer 27:7 +. וְגַם and also (more often than גַּם alone attaching a sentence) Gen 6:4; Gen 14:16; Gen 15:14; Gen 17:16; Gen 20:12; Gen 24:14; Gen 24:46; Gen 30:6; Gen 37:7; Gen 38:24; Gen 42:28; Exod 2:19; Exod 3:9; Exod 4:14; Josh 7:11 (5 t.) 1Sam 4:17; 1Kgs 21:19 + often; with a negative = neither Exod 5:2; Exod 34:3 and elsewhere — גַּם ֗֗֗ גַּם (like et ... et) both ... and Gen 44:16; Gen 47:3; Gen 47:19; Num 18:3; Jer 51:12; Ps 49:3 +: גַּם ֗֗֗ גַּם ֗֗֗ גַּם Gen 24:25; Judg 8:22; Eccl 9:6: with a negative neither ... nor Num 23:25; 1Sam 20:27; 1Kgs 3:26, and (3 t.) Gen 43:8; Exod 4:10; 1Sam 28:6. So (but seldom) גַּםוְ֗֗֗גַם Gen 24:44; Gen 1:26; Gen 12:14; Gen 26:25: with negative 1Sam 21:9. —

2. with stress on a particular word, even, Exod 4:9; Num 22:33 גַּם אוֺתְךָ even thee I had slain, and kept her alive, 2Sam 17:10; Jer 2:33; Ps 132:12; Prov 14:13 even in laughter the heart is sorrowful, vProv 14:20; Prov 17:28; Prov 20:11; Ruth 2:15; Neh 3:35 and so often after כִּי, Deut 12:31 for even their sons they burn in the fire to their gods, 1Sam 22:17; Isa 26:12; Jer 6:11; Jer 12:6; Jer 14:5; Hos 9:12 כִּיגַֿםאֿוֺי לָהֶם for even woe is it to them when I depart from them; הֲגַם Gen 16:13; 1Sam 10:11; 1Sam 10:12 = 1Sam 19:24; 1Kgs 17:20; Ps 78:20; Job 41:1; Esth 7:8. Other cases: — 1Sam 24:12 רְאֵה גַּם רְאֵה see, yea see ! (but Hup^{Qu. Job vi.} גַּם רָאֹה: compare below) Ps 118:11; Job 2:10 גַּם אֶתהַֿטּוֺב נְקַבֵּל shall we receive good (emphatic) from God and not evil ? Job 21:7 interposed once between a substantive and adjective Gen 20:4 gentemne etiam justam interficies? emphasizing כֹּל, Deut 28:61; Judg 9:49b 1Sam 22:7 גַּםֿ לְכֻלְּכֶם to all (emphatic) of you will he give ...? 2Sam 19:31 גַּם אֶתהַֿכֹּל יִקָּ֑ח yea, the whole let him take! Isa 26:12 אֶחָד 2Sam 17:12b and we will not leave גַּם אֶחָד ֗֗֗ even one (similarly v2Sam 17:13 b), Ps 14:3 (= Ps 53:4) אֵין גַּם אֶחָד; an infinitive or cognate accusative attached to a verb, Gen 31:15; Gen 46:4; Num 11:15; Num 16:13; 1Sam 1:6. גַּם שְׁנֵיהֶם literally even both i.e. the one as well as the other (German alle beide) is said idiomatically, Gen 27:45 (שְׁנֵיכֶם), Deut 22:22; Deut 23:19; 1Sam 25:43 (שְׁתֵּיהֶן), Prov 17:15; Prov 20:10; Prov 20:12; Ruth 1:5.

3. introducing a climax, yea, especially in a rhetorical style, Gen 27:33; Deut 23:3; Deut 23:4; Judg 5:4 (twice in verse); Isa 13:3; Isa 14:8; Isa 43:13 yea, from to-day I am the same, Isa 44:12 גַּם רָעֵב yea, he is hungry, and has no strength, Isa 47:3; Isa 48:8 (3 t. in verse); Isa 57:7; Jer 46:16; Jer 48:2; Jer 51:44; Hos 7:9; Ps 41:10; Ps 84:7; Ps 139:12; Isa 66:8 כִּיחָֿ֫לָה גַּםיָָֽֿלְדָה, צִיּוֺן אֶתבָּֿנֶיהָ, Jer 5:28; Jer 12:2; Ezek 24:5; Job 21:7; Song 8:1: emphasizing an extreme, or aggravated, case, yea, even, Isa 49:15 yea, these may forgot, Jer 8:17 yea, the stork knoweth, etc., Isa 23:12 גַּם שָׁם even there no rest shall be for thee (so Ps 139:10), Isa 49:25; Isa 57:6; Jer 23:11b; Mal 3:15; Ps 84:4.

4. expressing correspondence, especially in the matter of retribution (the גַּם correlativum), so frequently גַּם אֲנִי, גַּם אָנֹכִי I also (on my part): — Gen 20:6 I also [as well as thyself] know that thou hast done this innocently, Josh 24:18; Judg 2:21; 1Sam 1:28 (compare Dr) 1Sam 28:22 גַּם אַתָּה thou also (as I have done v1Sam 28:21), 2Sam 12:13 ׳י also [responding to thy confession] hath removed thy sin, 2Kgs 2:3; 2Kgs 2:5; Isa 31:2; Isa 66:3-4 (גם ֗֗֗ גם, emphasizing the action of both parties), Jer 2:36; Jer 4:12 now will I also [in correspondence with their deeds] speak judgments with them, Jer 7:11; Jer 51:49 (גם ֗֗֗ גם), Ezek 5:8; Ezek 5:11; Ezek 16:43 (וְגַם = therefore also), Ezek 23:35; Hos 4:6 because thou hast forgotten the direction of thy God, I also (on my part) will forget thy children, Ps 52:7 (thou lovest evil, etc.) גַּם אֵל יִתָּצְךָ God also (on his part) will pluck thee up, Ps 71:22; Ps 133:1; Prov 1:26; Job 7:11; Job 12:3; Job 16:4 so וְגַם Judg 2:3; Amos 4:6; Amos 4:7; Mic 6:13; Mal 2:9. In the apodosis (uncommon): Gen 13:16 if a man could number the dust of the earth, גַּם זַרְעֲךָ יִמָּנֶה thy seed also should be numbered, Jer 31:36; Jer 31:37; Jer 33:21; Jer 33:26; Zech 8:6. The correspondence is sometimes of the nature of a climax: Gen 27:33; Gen 30:8 I have wrestled, גַּם יָכֹלְתִּי (compare 1Kgs 22:22 וְגַם תּוּכָ֔ל, Jer 50:24), Isa 66:8.

5. connecting two ideas which express (or imply) a contradiction, גַּם acquires sometimes an adversative force (compare אַף 1 end), yet, but, though: Ps 95:9 they tried me, but also (Che) saw my work (namely of judgment), Ps 129:2; Jer 6:15 = Jer 8:12; Ezek 20:23; Eccl 4:8; Eccl 4:16; Eccl 5:18; Neh 6:1. So וְגַם Ezek 16:28; Ezek 20:15; Eccl 3:13; Eccl 6:7; Neh 5:8.

6. גַּם כִּי (with imperfect) yea, when Lam 3:8, even when Prov 22:6 yea though (stating an imagined case) Isa 1:15; Hos 8:10; Hos 9:16; Ps 23:4 (so גַּם אִם Eccl 8:17); also (is it) that Ruth 2:21 (see כִּי 1 d). כִּי גַם = for even (see above 2); = though even, although (conceding a fact) Eccl 4:14 (see De) Eccl 8:12.

1. with following genitive (as usually) the whole of, to be rendered, however, often in our idiom, to avoid stiffness, all or every:
  a. Gen 2:2 כָּלצְֿבָאָם the whole of their host, vGen 2:13 כָּלאֶֿרֶץ כּוּשׁ the whole of the land of Kush; כָּלהַֿלַּיְלָה the whole of the night; כָּליִֿשְׂרָאֵל the whole of Israel = all Israel; Deut 4:29 בְּכָללְֿבָֽבְךָ with the whole of thy heart = with all thy heart; + very often With a plural noun, usually determined by the article or a genitive: Gen 5:5 כליֿמי אדם the whole of (= all) the days of Adam, Gen 37:35 כלבֿניו the whole of (= all) his sons, Isa 2:2 כלהֿגוים all the nations; Gen 43:9 + often כל הימים = continually. In poetry, however, the noun may remain undetermined, כָּליָֿדַיִם the whole of hands = every hand, Isa 13:7; Jer 48:37; Ezek 21:12 כלפֿנים i.e. every face Isa 25:8; Joel 2:6 כל שׁלחנות Isa 28:8 כל חוצות Isa 51:20; Lam 2:19 and elsewhere Before an infinitive Gen 30:41; Deut 4:7; 1Kgs 8:52; 1Chr 23:31. frequently with suffixes, as (כֻּלֹּה) כֻּלּוֺ the whole of him Gen 25:25; Job 21:23; Song 5:16, the whole of it Lev 13:13; Jer 2:21; Nah 2:1; Prov 24:31 כֻּלָּהּ the whole of it Gen 13:10; Exod 19:18; Exod 25:36; Amos 8:8 כֻּלָּךְ all of thee Song 4:7 + (see at the beginning); כֻּלָּנוּ the whole of us Gen 42:11; Deut 5:3; Isa 53:6 (twice in verse); כֻּלְּכֶם Deut 1:22; Deut 4:4; 1Sam 22:7 (twice in verse); כֻּלָּם Gen 11:6; Gen 43:34; Josh 8:24 ויפלו כֻּלָּם, Judg 11:6 בְּיַד כֻּלָּם, Isa 7:19; Isa 31:3 + often — Twice, strangely, with hyperb. intensive force, Ps 39:6 כָּלהֶֿבֶל the whole of vanity are all men (? omit כל, as vPs 39:12), Ps 45:14 כָּלכְּֿבוּדָּה the whole of gloriousness is the king's daughter.
  b. followed often by a singular, to be understood collectively, whether with or without the article: Gen 1:21 את כל נפשׁ החיה the whole of living souls = every living soul, Gen 2:9 כל עץ נחמד למראה the whole of trees (every kind of tree) pleasant to view, Gen 6:12 + כָּלבָּֿשָׂר, Gen 7:14 כל צפור כל כנף all birds of every kind of wing (so Ezek 17:23), vEzek 17:21 כל האדם the whole of mankind (so Num 12:3; Num 16:29; Judg 16:17 and elsewhere); in poetry כלאֿדם Ps 39:6; Ps 64:10 +; 1Sam 14:52 כל אישׁ גבור וכלבֿןחֿיל, 1Sam 17:19; 1Sam 17:24 כל אישׁ ישׂראל, 1Sam 22:2; Isa 9:16 כל פה the whole of mouths = every mouth, Isa 15:2; Isa 24:10 כָּלבַּֿיִת + often (in Isa 2:12-16 the singular and plural interchange); Ps 7:12 + בכליֿום, Ps 10:5 + בכלעֿת = at all seasons. So כלהֿעץ Gen 1:29, כלהֿבן Exod 1:22 = all the sons, כלהֿמקום Exod 20:24; Deut 11:24 = all the places, כלהֿמרכב Lev 15:9, vLev 15:26; Deut 4:3 כלהֿאישׁ אשׁר = all the men who. . ., Deut 15:19 כלהֿבכור, Jer 4:29 כלהֿעיר עזובה all the cities (notice the following בָּהֶן); כלהֿיום = all the days (see יוֺם 7 f), etc. In late Hebrew extended to such phrases as בְּכָלדּֿוֺר וָדוֺר Ps 45:18; Ps 145:13; Esth 9:28 בכלעֿיר ועיר 2Chr 11:12; 2Chr 28:25; 2Chr 31:19; Esth 8:11; Esth 8:17; Esth 9:28; 2Chr 32:28; Esth 2:11; Esth 3:14; Esth 4:3; Esth 8:13; Esth 8:17; Esth 9:21; Esth 9:27; Esth 9:28 (3 t. in verse) (compare וְ 1 i b).
  c. the genitive after כל is often a relative sentence, introduced by אשׁר: Gen 1:31 את כל אשׁר עשׂה the whole of what he had made, Gen 7:22; Gen 13:1 + very often Sts., with a preposition, כל אשׁר has the force of wheresover, whithersoever, as Josh 1:7 בְּכֹל אֲשֶׁר תֵּלֵךְ wheresoever thou goest, vJosh 1:16 אֶלכָּֿלאֲֿשֶׁר whithersoever (see אֲשֶׁר 4 b γ). Very rarely in such cases is there ellipse of the rel., as Gen 39:4 וְכָליֶֿשׁלֿוֺ נָתַן בְּיָדִי (contrast vGen 39:5 vGen 39:8), Exod 9:4 מכללֿבני ישׂראל, Isa 38:16 וּלְכָּלבָּֿהֶן חַיֵּי רוּחִי, Ps 71:18 לְכָליָֿבוֺא (Ps 74:3, see 2 a), 2Chr 32:31 peculiarly also in Chronicles (Dr^{Intr 505}), 1Chr 29:3 מִכָּלהֲֿכִינוֺתִי, 2Chr 30:18f.; Ezra 1:6 compare with כֹּל (2 a) 1Chr 29:11 a 2Chr 30:17; Ezra 1:5.
  d. with a suffix two idiomatic uses of כל have to be noticed:
   (a) כל is often made more independent and emphatic by being placed with a suffix after the word which it qualifies, to which it then stands in apposition (compare in Syriac, Arabic, Ethiopic), as 2Sam 2:9 יִשְׂרָאֵל כֻּלּהֹ, Jer 13:19; Jer 48:31; Isa 9:8; Isa 14:29; Isa 14:31 פלשׁת כלך Philistia, all of thee ! Mic 2:12; Hab 2:6; Job 34:13; Ps 67:4; Ps 67:6 especially in Ezekiel, as Ezek 14:5; Ezek 29:2 מצרים כֻּלָּהּ Ezek 32:12; Ezek 32:30 with change of person (compare the idiom in Isa 22:16; Isa 48:1; Isa 54:1 etc.), 1Kgs 22:28 = Mic 1:2 שׁמעו עמים כלם Hear, nations, all of them ! Mal 3:9 הַגּוֺי כֻּלּוֺ. So even with כל preceding: Num 16:3 כָּלהָֿעֵדָה כֻּלָּם, Isa 14:18; Jer 30:16; Ezek 11:15 כל בית ישׂראל כֻּלֹּה the whole of the house of Israel, the whole of it (so Ezek 20:40; Ezek 36:10), Ezek 35:15; Ezek 36:5; Ps 8:8 (compare Sabean DHM^l.c.);
   (b) with the suffix of 3 masculine singular, understood as referring to the mass of things or persons meant, כֻּלֹּה or כֻּלּוֺ, literally the whole of it, is equivalent to all of them, every one, Exod 14:7 and captains עַלכֻּֿלּוֺ upon the whole of it (the רֶכֶב collectively) = all of them, Isa 1:23 the whole of it (the people) loveth bribes, Isa 9:16; Isa 15:3; Jer 6:13 (twice in verse); Jer 8:6; Jer 8:10 (twice in verse); Jer 20:7; Hab 1:9; Hab 1:15; Ps 29:9 and in his temple כֻּלּוֺ אֹמֵר כָּבוֺד the whole of it (= every one there) says, Glory ! Ps 53:4 (|| Ps 14:3 הַכֹּל); perhaps Isa 16:7; Jer 48:38 + Prov 19:6 Ew Hi (וְכֻלּהֹ רֵעַ): Jer 15:10 read כֻּלְּהֶם קִלֲלוּנִי.
  e. Hebrew idiom in certain cases affirms, or denies, of an entire class, where English idiom affirms, or denies, of an individual of the class; thus in a comparative or hypothetical sentence כל is = any, and with a negative = none:
   (a) Gen 3:1 the serpent was more subtil מכל חית השׂדה than all beasts of the field (in our idiom: than any beast of the field), Deut 7:7; 1Sam 9:2
   (b) Lev 4:2 a soul when it sins through ignorance מכל מצות יי֞ in all the commandments of Jehovah (= in any of the commandments, etc.), Lev 19:23 when ye . . . plant כלעֿץ מאכל = any tree for food, Num 35:22 or if he have cast upon him כָּלכְּֿלִי = any weapon, 1Kgs 8:37 b; joined with a participle in a hypothetical sense (Dr^{§ 121 n.} Ges^{«GKC:116»§ 116}. 5 R. 5), Gen 4:14 כל מצאי all my finders (= if any one find me), he will slay me, vGen 4:15 a Num 21:8 כָּלהַֿנָּשׁוּךְ = whosoever (= if any one) is bitten, 1Sam 2:13
   (c) with a negative, Gen 2:5 all plants of the field טֶרֶם יִהְיֶה were not as yet = no plant of the field as yet was, Gen 4:15 b לבלתי הכותאֿתו כלמֿצאו for the not-smiting him of all finding him = that none finding him should smite him, Exod 10:15 ולאנֿותר כל ירק = and no green things were left, Exod 12:16 כלמֿלאכה לא יעשׂה all work shall not be done = no work shall be done, Deut 28:14; Judg 13:4 אַלתּֿאֹכְלִי כָּלטָֿמֵא eat not of all that is unclean, Judg 19:19 אֵין מַחְסוֺר כָּלדָּֿבָר there is no lack of all things i.e. of any thing, Ps 143:2 כי לאיֿצדק לפניך כלחֿי, + very often (so οὐ πᾶς, as a Hebraism, in the N.T., e.g. Mark 13:20 οὐκ ἂν ἐσώθη πᾶσα σάρξ, Luke 1:37 οὐκ ἀδυνατήσει . . . πᾶν ρἧμα, as Jer 32:17 לֹאיִֿפָּלֵא מִמְּךָ כָּלדָּֿבָר, Gal 2:16 οὐ δικαιωθήσεται . . . πᾶσα σάρξ, etc.) Usually, in such cases, כל (or its genitive) is without the article, being left purposely indefinite: in Ps 49:18 (2 b a) הַכֹּל is emphatic (in Num 23:13 וְכֻלּוֺ לֹא תִרְאֶה the context shews that כֹּל is opposed to a part). feminine very anomalously, severed from its genitive, 2Sam 1:9 כִּיכָֿלעֿוֺד נַפְשִׁי בִי, Job 27:3 כִּיכָֿלעֿוֺד נִשְׁמָתִי בִי, Hos 14:3 (si vera lectio) כָּלתִּֿשָּׂא עָוֺן. On Eccl 5:15 ׳כָּלעֻֿמַּתשֶֿׂ see עֻמָּה.

2. Absolutely:
  a. without the article, all things, all (mostly neuter, but sometimes masculine), the sense in which 'all' is to be taken being gathered from the context, Gen 9:3 נתתי לכם את כֹּל, Gen 16:12 וְיַד כֹּל בּוֺ, Gen 20:16 ואת כֹּל ונוכחת, Gen 33:11 וכי ישׁ לי כֹל, Num 8:16 בכור כֹּל מבני ישׂראל, Num 11:6 אֵין כֹּל nought of all things ! = there is nothing (so 2Sam 12:3; Prov 13:7, compare 2Kgs 4:2), 2Kgs 13:2 כֹּ֖ל נשׂיא בהם (compare 2Sam 23:28; 1Chr 3:9: usually so הַכֹּל), Deut 28:47 מֵרֹב כֹּל, vDeut 28:48 vDeut 28:37 בְּחֹסֶר כֹּל (compare Jer 44:18), Isa 30:5 כֹּל הֹבִאישׁ all exhibit shame, Isa 44:24 עשֶֹׁהכֹּֿל ׳י, Jer 44:12 וְתַמּוּ כֹל (unusual), Zeph 1:2; Ps 8:7; Ps 74:3 (read כֹּל הֵרַע), Ps 145:15 עיני כֹל, Prov 16:4; Prov 26:10; Prov 28:5; Job 13:1 הן כֹּל ראתה עיני, Job 42:2; 1Chr 29:11b 2Chr 32:22 (masculine), Dan 11:37 (see also 1 c end); מִכֹּל Gen 6:19; Gen 6:20b שְׁנַיִם מִכֹּל, Gen 14:20; Gen 27:33; Jer 17:9 עקוב הלב מִכֹּל, Dan 11:2 (masculine) After a negative = anything, Deut 4:25 תְּמוּנַת כֹּל the likeness of anything, Deut 8:9; Deut 28:55; Prov 30:30. In the genitive also, very rarely, to express the idea of all as comprehensively as possible: Ezek 44:30 כָּלבִּֿכּוּרֵי כֹל וְכָלתְּֿרוּמַת כֹּל; Ps 119:128 (si vera lectio) כָּלפִּֿקּוּדֵי כֹל all the statutes about everthing.
  b. with art. הַכֹּל:
   (a) where the sense is limited by the context to things (or persons) just mentioned, Exod 29:24 ושׂמת הַכֹּל ביד אהרן, Lev 1:9 והקטיר הכהן את הַכֹּל, vLev 1:13; Lev 8:27; Deut 2:36 לפנינו ׳את הַכֹּל נתן י, Josh 11:19 (compare 2Sam 19:31; 1Kgs 14:26 = 2Chr 12:9), 2Chr 21:43 הַכֹּל בָּא (compare 2Chr 23:14), 1Sam 30:19 הַכֹּל השׁיב דוד, 2Sam 17:3 (corrupt: see ᵐ5 Dr), 2Sam 24:23 (1Chr 21:23), 1Kgs 6:18 הַכֹּל ארז (compare 1Kgs 7:33; 2Kgs 25:17 = Jer 52:22), 2Kgs 24:16 הַכֹּל גבורים, Isa 65:8 לבלתי השׁחית הַכֹּל, Ps 14:3 or implied, Gen 16:12 יָדוֺ בַכֹּל, Gen 24:1 ברך את אברהם בַּכֹּל 2Sam 23:5 (poetry) עֲרֻכָה בַכֹּל, Isa 29:11 (peculiarly) חָזוּת הַכֹּל the vision of the whole, Jer 13:7; Jer 13:10 לא יצלח לַכֹּל, Ezek 7:14 וְהָכִין הַכֹּל (but Co וְהָכִינוּ הָכֵן), Ps 49:18 לא במותו יקח הַכֹּל: more frequently later, namely 1Chr 7:5 (as regards all), 1Chr 28:19; 1Chr 29:19; 2Chr 28:6; 2Chr 29:28; 2Chr 31:5; 2Chr 35:7; 2Chr 36:17; 2Chr 36:18; Ezra 1:11; Ezra 2:42; Ezra 8:34; Ezra 8:35; Ezra 10:17 (וַיְכַלּוּ בַכֹּל: see BeRy), Eccl 5:8 (בַּכֹּל, apparently = in all respects), Eccl 10:19; Eccl 12:13.
   (b) in a wider sense, all, whether of all mankind or of all living things, the universe (τὸ πᾶν), or of all the circumstances of life (chiefly late), Jer 10:16 = Jer 51:19 כי יוצר הַכֹּל הוא, Ps 103:19 (compare 1Chr 29:12), 1Chr 119:21 הַכֹּל עֲבָדֶיךָ, 1Chr 145:9 לַכֹּל ׳טוֺב י, 1Chr 29:12; 1Chr 29:14; 1Chr 29:16; Dan 11:2, and especially in Ecclesiastes, as Eccl 1:2; Eccl 1:14; Eccl 2:11; Eccl 2:17; Eccl 3:19; Eccl 12:8 הַכֹּל הֶבֶל, Eccl 2:16 הכל נשׁכח, Eccl 3:1 לַכֹּל זְמָן, vEccl 3:11 vEccl 3:19 vEccl 3:20; Eccl 6:6; Eccl 7:15; Eccl 9:1; Eccl 9:2 (twice in verse); Eccl 9:3; Eccl 10:3; Eccl 10:19; Eccl 11:5. כַּכֹּל, Job 24:24 (si vera lectio) כַּכֹּל יִקָָּֽפְצוּן like all men (i.e. like men in general).

1. כֹּל חַכִּימֵי בָבֶכ the whole of ( = all) the wise men of B. Dan 3:2; Dan 3:3; Dan 3:5, etc.; Dan 6:2 כלמֿלכותא the whole ofthe kingdom, v.Dan 6:4 with suffix the whole of them, Dan 2:38; Dan 7:19.

2. with a singular noun, understood collectively, every, any, or with a negative none (Biblical Hebrew 1 b):Dan 3:29 דִּי כָלעַֿם אֻמָּה וְלִשָּׁן that every people, nation, and language, etc., Dan 6:8 מִןכָּֿלאֱֿלָה of any god, Ezra 6:12 כָּלמֶֿלֶח וְעַם; כל אנשׁ די every man who = whoever, Dan 3:10; Dan 5:7; Dan 6:13; Ezra 6:11; Dan 2:10 שׁאל כל מלך ֗֗֗ לא no king hath asked . . ., vDan 2:35; Dan 4:6; Dan 6:5; Dan 6:24 so כָּלדִּֿי (= Hebrew כָּלאְִֿשֶׁר) whoever Dan 6:8; Ezra 7:26, whatever vEzra 7:23, בְּכָלדִּֿי wherever Dan 2:38(compare אְִשֶׁר 4 b γ).

3. emphatic כֹּלָּא, used absolutely, as Hebrew הַכֹּל (Biblical Hebrew 2 b): Dan 2:40 חָשֵׁל כֹּלָּא crushing all things, Dan 4:9; Dan 4:18 וּמָזוֺן לְכֹלָּאבֵֿהּ and food for all was in it, v.Dan 4:25 כֹּלָּא מְטָא all came upon N. (compare חַכֹּל בָּא Josh 21:43), Ezra 5:7 שְׁלָמָא כֹלָּא all peace (K^{§ 83 d};) compare in Hebrew כֻּלּוּ etc., after their noun : Biblical Hebrew 1 d a). — For כָּלקְָֿבֵל see קְָבֵל.

1. day, opposed to night, Gen 7:14; Gen 7:12; Gen 8:22 (all J), Gen 31:39; Gen 31:40 (E), Exod 24:18; Exod 34:28; Num 11:32 (twice in verse); Josh 10:13 (all J E), Deut 9:9; Deut 9:11; Deut 9:18; Deut 9:25; Deut 10:10 (D), Gen 1:5; Gen 1:14; Gen 1:16; Gen 1:18 (P), 1Sam 30:12; Judg 19:8; Judg 19:9 (twice in verse); Judg 19:11; Amos 5:8; 1Kgs 8:29; 1Kgs 19:8; Neh 4:16; Eccl 8:16 || לִפְנֵי בוֺאהַֿשֶּׁמֶשׁ 2Sam 3:35 ׳חֹם הַיּ Gen 18:1(J) the heat of the day 1Sam 11:11; 2Sam 4:5 עוֺד גָּדוֺל ׳הַיּ Gen 29:7 (J) the day is still high, not near its end; ׳רוּחַ הַיּ Gen 3:8 coll of the day; מִןהָֿאוֺר עַדֿ ׳מַחֲצִית הַיּ Neh 8:3 from dawn until mid-day; so also probably of mid-day הוֺלך ואור עַדנְֿכוֺן הַיּוֺם Prov 4:18 growing lighter and lighter until the full day; note phrase in Judg 19, ׳עַדנְֿטוֺת הַיּ Judg 19:8 until the declining of the day; לַעֲרוֺב ׳רָפָה הַיּ vJudg 19:9 the day hath sunk down to become evening; ׳חֲנוֺת הַיּ vJudg 19:9 the declining of the day; רַד מְאֹד ׳הַיּ vJudg 19:11 the day has gone down exceedingly (is far spent).

2. Day as division of time:
  a. working-day Exod 20:9; Exod 20:10 (E) = Deut 5:18; Exod 16:26; Exod 16:30 (twice in verse) (J), Exod 23:12 (JE), Exod 31:15 (P), Lev 23:3 (H); יְמֵי הַמַּעֲשֶׂה Ezek 46:1.
  b. דֶּרֶךְ יוֺם a day's journey Num 11:31 (twice in verse)( J E), 1Kgs 19:4 מַהֲלַךְ יוֺם אֶחָד Jonah 3:4 דֶּרֶךְ שְׁלשֶׁת יָמִים a three days' journey Gen 30:36; Exod 3:18; Exod 5:3; Exod 8:23 (all J), Num 10:33 (twice in verse) (JE), Num 33:8 (P); מַהֲלַךְ שְׁלשֶׁת יָמִים Jonah 3:3 so seven days' journey Gen 31:23 (E), 2Kgs 3:9 without דֶּרֶךְ etc., שְׁלשֶׁת יָמִים Exod 15:22 (E) they went three days, etc.
  c. to denote duration of various other acts or states: seven days Gen 7:4; Gen 7:10; Gen 8:10; Gen 8:12 forty days Gen 7:17; Gen 8:6 (all J); 150 days Gen 7:24; Gen 8:3 (both P), 1Sam 25:38; 1Kgs 8:65 (twice in verse); Jer 42:7; Ezek 4:5; Ezek 4:6; 1Chr 9:25; Ezra 6:22; Esth 1:4 etc. In Esth 4:16 1 & 2 are combined: וְאַלתִּֿשְׁתּוּ שְׁלשֶׁת יָמִים לַיְלָה וָיוֺם do not eat and do not drink for thee days, night or day (see Zech 14:7 below 3 below)
  d. day as defined by evening and morning Gen 1:5; Gen 1:8; Gen 1:13; Gen 1:19; Gen 1:23; Gen 1:31 (all P; compare further בֹּקֶר, עֶרֶב); see also Gen 2:2 (twice in verse); Gen 2:3 (P), Exod 20:11 (twice in verse)(E), Exod 32:17 (twice in verse) (P).
  e. day of month (with ordinal number), chiefly P and late: Gen 7:11; Gen 8:4; Gen 8:14; Exod 12:6; Exod 12:18 (twice in verse) +, 1Kgs 12:32; 1Kgs 12:33; 1Kgs 45:25; 1Kgs 1:15; 1Kgs 1:18; 2Chr 29:17 (twice in verse); Ezra 3:6; Neh 8:2; Neh 9:1; Dan 10:4; Esth 3:12; Esth 9:1 +; (יוֺם often omitted e.g. Gen 8:5; Gen 8:13; Exod 12:10; 2Kgs 25:1; 2Kgs 25:3; Ezek 1:1; Ezek 1:2; Hag 2:1; Hag 2:20; Zech 7:1; 2Chr 3:2; Ezra 6:19; Esth 3:13, etc.) feminine יוֺם defined by substantive, infinitive, or other clause: (1) construct יוֺם הַשֶּׁלֶג = the snowy day 2Sam 23:20 = 1Chr 11:22 יוֺם סַגְרִיר Prov 27:15 = rainy d.; יוֺם קָרָה Prov 25:20 = cold d.; (so, = time יוֺם צָרָתִי Gen 35:3 (E) d. of my distrees; Jer 18:17; Lam 1:7; Prov 24:10; Prov 25:19; Prov 27:10 יוֺם מוֺתוֺ etc. Judg 13:7; 2Sam 6:23; 2Kgs 15:5 + often; compare יוֺם הֻלֶּדֶת אֶתפַּֿרְעֹה Gen 40:20 (E) = Pharaoh's birthday; כְּיוֺם הִוָּ˜לְדָהּ Hos 2:5 compare Eccl 7:1 (see also 7 d below; compare יוֺמוֺ Job 3:1), יום חֲתֻנָּה Song 3:11 of day emphatically characterized by prophets and others יוֺם מְהוּמָה וּמְבוּסָה וּמְבוּכָה Isa 22:5 (see מְהוּמָה below הום); יוֺם צָרָה וְתוֺכֵחָה וּנְאָצָה Isa 37:3 = 2Kgs 19:3 on the other hand ׳יוֺם רָצוֺן לי Isa 58:5 a day of acceptableness to ׳י; plural followed by substantive יְמֵי שָׂכִיר Lev 25:50 (H) the days of an hireling; יְמֵי (מִלֻּאֵיכֶםׅ Lev 8:33; Num 6:13 followed by rel. clause אָרוּר הַיּוֺם אֲשֶׁר יֻלַּדְתִּי בּ֑וֺ יוֺם אֲשֶׁריְֿלָדַתְנִי ׳אִמִּי וגו Jer 20:14 compare Job 3:3 also Ps 118:24 (see i).
  g. particular days defined by proper name, of a location: יוֺם יִזְרְעֶאל Hos 2:2 i.e. of judgement, with implied restoration; see also Isa 9:3; Ezek 30:9 יְמֵי הַגִּבְעָה Hos 9:9; Hos 10:9, i.e. of the outrage at Gibeah (Judg 19:22ff.); יוֺם ירושׁלם Ps 137:7 i.e. of Jerusalem's calamity, compare Jer 50:27; Jer 50:31.
  h. with suffix, thy, his, or their day, in sense of (1) day of disaster or death: Psalms בָּא יוֺמְךָ Jer 50:31 thy day has come; אוֺ יומו יָבאֹ וָמֵת 1Sam 26:10 יומו in this sense also Ezek 21:30; Ps 37:13; Job 18:20 בָּא יוֺמָם Jer 50:27; Ezek 21:34.
  i. specifically a holy day: יוֺם הַשַּׁבָּת the sabbath day (see also שַׁבָּת), Exod 20:8; Exod 20:11(E) = Deut 5:12; Deut 5:15; Exod 31:15; Exod 35:3 +; = יוֺם קָדְשִׁי Isa 58:13 repetition בְּיוֺם הַשַּׁבָּת בְּיוֺם הַשַּׁבָּת Lev 24:8 every Sabbath day; also יוֺם הַכִּפֻּרים Lev 23:27; Lev 25:9 יוֺם כִּפֻּרִים Lev 23:28 יוֺם הַבִּכּוּרִים Num 28:26 יוֺם חַגֵּנוּ Ps 81:4 יוֺם מַלְכֵּנוּ Hos 7:5 also of false gods, יִמֵי הַבְּעָלִים Hos 2:11.

3. ׳יוֺם י day of Yahweh, chiefly as time of his coming in judgment, involving often blessedness for righteous (see RS^{Proph. 396 f.} Dr^{Isa 28}); Amos 5:18 (twice in verse); Amos 5:20; Isa 2:12; Isa 13:6; Isa 13:9; Zeph 1:7 (compare vZeph 1:8), vZeph 1:14 vZeph 1:14 (compare vZeph 1:15 vZeph 1:16), Jer 46:10; Ezek 13:5; Ezek 30:3 (compare Ezek 36:33; Ezek 39:8; Ezek 39:11; Ezek 39:13); Obad 15; Zech 14:1; Mal 3:23 (compare Zech 14:7; Mal 3:2; Mal 3:17; Mal 3:19 (twice in verse); Mal 3:21), Joel 1:15; Joel 2:1; Joel 2:11 (compare vJoel 2:2 vJoel 2:2), Joel 3:4; Joel 4:14 ׳יוֺם עֶבְרַת י Zeph 1:18 יוֺם עֶבְרָה Prov 11:4 יוֺם חֲרוֺן אַפּוֺ Isa 13:13; Lam 1:12 יוֺם נָקָם Isa 34:8; Isa 61:2; Isa 63:4 יוֺם נְקָמָה Jer 46:10 ׳יוֺם אַף י Zeph 2:2; Zeph 2:3; Lam 2:22 יוֺם אַפּוֺ Lam 2:1 compare also Zech 14:7 (where senses of 1 and 2 are combined, compare Esth 4:16 2 c above); וְהָיָה יוֺםֿ לֹא יוֺם וְלֹא לָ֑יְלָה ׳אֶחָד הוּא יִּוָּדַע לי but there shall be one day, known shall it be of ׳י not day and not night; compare also ביום ההוא 7 g below

4. Plural days of any one:
  a. = his life, his age Gen 6:3 (J), Deut 22:19; Deut 22:29; Deut 23:7; Josh 24:31 (twice in verse) (D), Judg 2:7 (twice in verse); Judg 2:18; 1Sam 25:28, etc.; Gen 5:4; Gen 5:8; Gen 5:11; Gen 9:29; Gen 11:32 (all P), Job 7:1 (twice in verse); Job 7:6; Job 7:16; Job 8:9, Ps 39:5 (twice in verse); Ps 90:9; Ps 90:10; Ps 90:12; Ps 90:14; Ps 103:15 כָּליְֿמֵי חַיֶּיךָ Gen 3:14; Gen 3:17 (J), Ps 23:6, so Prov 31:12 יְמֵי שְׁנֵי חַיִּים 2Sam 19:35; Gen 25:7; Gen 47:8; Gen 47:9 (all P); יְמֵי חַיָּיו Eccl 5:17; Eccl 5:19 יְמֵי שָׁנָיו Eccl 6:3 יְמֵי שְׁנוֺתֵינוּ Ps 90:10 מִסְפַּר יְמֵי חַיֵּיהֶם Eccl 2:3 מִסְפַּר יְמֵי חַיֵּי הֶבְלוֺ Eccl 6:12 the number of the days of the years of his vanity, i.e. his empty, fleeting years; כָּלהַּֿיָּמִים אֲשֶׁרהֵֿם חַיִּים עַלפְּֿנֵי הָאֲדָמָה 1Kgs 8:40 יָמִים רַבִּים long life 1Kgs 3:11= 2Chr 1:11 בָּא בַּיָּמִים advanced in days = of advanced age Gen 18:11; Gen 24:1 (both J), Josh 13:1 (twice in verse) (JE), Josh 23:1; Josh 23:2 (D), 1Kgs 1:1 מִיָּמָיו 1Kgs 1:6 from his (earliest) days, so מִיָּמֶיךָ 1Sam 25:28 (see Dr), Job 38:12 שְׂבַע יָמִים Job 42:17; 1Kgs 8:40 יַאֲרִכוּן יָמֶיךָ Exod 20:12 (JE) that thy days may be long = Deut 5:16, see further ארך; יָמִים עַליְֿמֵימֶֿלֶךְ תּוֺסִיף Ps 61:7 i.e. prolong the king's life; outlive is הֶאֱרִיךְ יָמִים אַחֲרֵי Josh 24:31(D), Judg 2:7 אֹרֶךְ יָמִים וּשְׁנוֺת חַיִּים Prov 3:2 length of days and years of life; אֹרֶךְ יָמִים vProv 3:16 כְּיָמֶיךָ דבאך Deut 33:25 according to (the length of) thy life shall be [ thy strength ? read רבאך ?] see Di VB; rarely singular e.g. קְשֵׁהֿ יוֺם Job 30:25 one hurd of day, i.e. whose day (= life) was hard; of life as approaching its end, וַיִּקְרְבוּ יְמֵי ישׂראל לָמוּת Gen 47:29 (J) and the days of Israel drew near for dying, so Deut 31:14; 1Kgs 2:1 (compare Job 7:6; Job 7:16; Job 8:9; Eccl 2:3 above)
  b. (in) the days of (i.e. life-time, reign, or activity of) Gen 10:25 (J), Gen 14:1; Judg 5:6 (twice in verse); Judg 8:28; 2Sam 21:1; 1Kgs 16:34; 1Kgs 21:29 (twice in verse); 1Kgs 22:47; 2Kgs 20:19; 2Chr 13:20; 2Chr 35:18 + often (so M 2Chr 1:6. 8.8.9.33).
  c. hence in phrase סֵפֶר דִּבְרֵי הַיָּמִים לְ 1Kgs 14:19; 1Kgs 14:29 + 31 t. Kings, Neh 12:23; Esth 2:23; Esth 10:2 מִסְפַּר דִּבְרֵי הַיָּמִים 1Chr 27:24 סֵפֶר הַזִּכְרֹנוֺת דִּבְרֵי הַיָּמִים Esth 6:1.

5. Days:
  a. indefinite: יָמִים אֲחָדִים some days, a few days Gen 27:44 (J), Gen 29:10 (E), Dan 11:20 יָמִים alone Dan 40:4 (E) they were days (a certain time) in the prison 1Kgs 17:15; Neh 1:4 עוּל יָמִים Isa 65:20 a suckling of (a few) days; מִיָּמִים Judg 11:4 after a time, Judg 15:1 so מִקֵּץ יָמִים Gen 4:3 (J) after the end of days, 1Kgs 17:7 יוֺם אוֺ יוֺמַיִם Exod 21:21(JE) a day or two. יָמִים אוֺ עָשׂוֺר Gen 24:55 (J) some days, or ten (days or a dekad; on question of text see Di).
  b. of long time, זֶה יָמִים אוֺ זֶה שָׁנִים 1Sam 29:3 these days or these years; אוֺ יֹמַיִם אוֺ חֹדֶשׁ אוֺ יָמִים Num 9:22 (P) whether two days or a month or days (an indefinitely long period); יָמִים רַבִּים many days Gen 21:34 (JE) Gen 37:34 (J) +; ׳וַיִּרְבּוּ הַיָּמִים וגו Gen 38:12 (J) and the days were multiplied (= time passed) and Judah's wife died, 1Sam 7:2 אָֽרְכוּ לוֺ שָׁם הַיָּמִים Gen 26:8 (J) the days were long to him there = he had been there a long time; בְּהַאֲרִיךְ הֶעָנָןיָ֗֗֗מִים רַבִּים Num 9:19 (P) when the cloud prolonged many days (remained a long time) upon the tabern — See also 6 below
  c. days of old, former or ancient times (especially of early period of Israel hist): יְמוֺת עוֺלָם Deut 32:7 (poem); יְמֵי עוֺלם Mic 5:1; Mic 7:14; יְמֵי קֶדֶם Mic 7:20 יָמִים מִקֶּדֶם Ps 77:6; Ps 143:5 compare הַיָּמִים הָרִאשֹׁנִים Eccl 7:10 coming days הַיָּמִים הַבָּאִים Eccl 2:16 coming time יוֺם אַהֲרוֺן Prov 31:25 especially (ב)אַחֲרִית הַיָּמִים see above; לְקֵץ הַיָּמִין Dan 12:13.

6. יוֺם = time;
  a. vividly in general sense (see also

5. above): time of harvest Prov 25:13 usually יְמֵי Gen 30:14 (J), Josh 3:15; Num 13:20 (twice in verse) (all J E), Judg 15:1; 2Sam 21:9 proper time for paying wages Deut 24:15 compare Job 14:6 time of parturition וַיִּמְלְאוּ יָמֶיהָ לָלֶדֶת Gen 25:24.
  b. apposition to other expressions of time (Dr^{§ 192} (1) Da^{Synt. § 29. d}): חֹדֶשׁ יָמִים a month of time Gen 29:14 (J; literally a month, time), Num 11:20; Num 11:21 (JE); = יֶרַח יָמִים Deut 21:13; 2Kgs 15:13 יָמִים ארבעה חדשׁים Judg 19:2 time, four months (si vera lectio, see 1Sam 27:7); (מִקֵּץ) שְׁנָתַיִם יָמִים Gen 41:1 (E) two years (of) time, 2Sam 13:23; 2Sam 14:28; Jer 28:3; Jer 28:11 שְׁלשָׁה שָׁבֻעִים יָמִים Dan 10:2; Dan 10:3 three weeks (of) time.
  c. plural in specific sense, apparently = year, literal יָמִים 1Sam 27:7; Lev 25:29 (H); לַיָּמִים Judg 17:10 זֶבַךְ הַיָּמִים 1Sam 1:21; 1Sam 2:19; 1Sam 20:6 יָמִים וארבעה חדשׁים 1Sam 27:7 = a year and four months (compare Judg 19:2 above
  b.); מִיָּמִים יָמִ֫ימָה = from year to year, yearly Exod 13:10 (JE), Judg 11:40 (compare v^b), Judg 21:19; 1Sam 1:3; 1Sam 2:19 מִקֵּץ יָמִים לַיָּמִים 2Sam 14:26 יֹמַיִם אוֺ חֹדֶשׁ אוֺיָֿמִים Num 9:22 (P); distributive Num 14:34 (twice in verse) (P), Ezek 4:6 (twice in verse); וַיְהִי לְיָמִים מִיָּמִים וּכְעֵת צֵּאת הַקֵּץ לְיָמִים שְׁנַיִם 2Chr 21:19 and it came to pass at days from days (=after some days) even about the time of the outgoing of the end of two (series of) days (i.e. probably years, see Be).

7. Phrases, without preposition and with, are:
  a. (1) הַיּוֺם = to-day Gen 4:14; Gen 31:43; Gen 31:48; Exod 13:4 (JE) + often; opposed to תְּמוֺל yesterday Exod 5:14; 1Sam 20:27 opposed to מָחָר Exod 19:10 (2) (בְּ)יוֺם מָחָר = to-morrow Gen 30:33; Isa 56:12; Prov 27:1 (3) יוֺם אֶתְמוֺל Ps 90:4 (4) הַיּוֺם שְׁלשֶׁת הַיָּמִים 1Sam 9:20 three days ago (see Dr); = הַיּוֺם שְׁלשָׁה 1Sam 30:13 (5) בַּיּוֺם Judg 13:10 apparently = the other day (see Be); (6) יוֺם אֶחָד no preposition, emphatic = in one day, Gen 27:45; Isa 9:13 with בְּ Isa 10:17; Isa 47:9 for, during, one day Gen 33:13; Num 11:19 unemphatic, one day (= some day) 1Sam 27:1 יוֺם אֶחָד לִפְנֵי 1Sam 9:15 one day, before Saul came.
  b. וַיְהִי הַיּוֺם וַֹֿ and the day came, that (or when) 1Sam 1:4 (see Dr), 2Kgs 4:8; 2Kgs 4:11; 2Kgs 4:18; Job 1:6; Job 1:13; Job 2:1.
  c. הִנֵּה יָמִים בָּאִים lo! days are coming, when, etc.; especially in Amos, Jeremiah: 1Sam 2:31; Amos 4:2; Amos 8:11; Amos 9:13; Isa 39:6 = 2Kgs 20:17; Jer 7:32 + 13 t. Jeremiah
  d. יוֺם in construct def. verbs, both literally, the day of, and (often) in general sense = the time of (forcible and pregnantly, representing the act vividly as that of a single day): (1) before infinitive, (α) singular without preposition אֶתיֿוֺם צֵאתְךָ Deut 16:3 and thou shalt remember the day of thy going out from the land Egypt, Isa 58:5; Ezek 39:13; Mal 3:2 compare Eccl 7:1 (מִן comparative); (β) עַדיֿוֺם Josh 6:10; Judg 18:30 + 5 t.; (γ) בְּיוֺם Gen 2:4; Gen 2:17; Gen 3:5 + 53 t.; (δ) כְּיוֺם Hos 2:5; Hos 2:17; Zeph 3:8; Zech 14:3 (ε) מִיּוֺם 1Sam 7:2; 1Sam 8:8; 1Sam 29:6; 2Sam 13:32; 2Kgs 8:6; Deut 9:24; Lev 23:15; Ezek 28:15 (ζ) לְמִיּוֺם Judg 19:30; 2Sam 7:6; Isa 7:17 (2) plural construct before infinitive: (α) כָּליְֿמֵי Judg 18:31; 1Sam 22:4; 1Sam 25:7; 1Sam 25:16; Lev 26:34; Lev 26:35; Num 6:6; 2Chr 36:21 (β) בִּימֵי Ruth 1:1; 2Chr 26:5 (γ) כִּימֵי Mic 7:15 (3) singular construct with preposition before finite verb in perfect: (α) compare בְּ, ׳בְּיוֺם דִּבֶּר י Exod 6:28 in the day (when) ׳י spoke, so Num 3:1; Deut 4:15 also Lev 7:35; 2Sam 22:1 = Ps 18:1; Ps 138:3; Zech 8:9 (β) מִיּוֺם Jer 36:2 (4) singular construct before imperfect: בְּיוֺם אֶקְרָא Ps 56:10 in the day (when) I cry, Ps 103:3; Lam 5:7 also without בְּ, יוֺם אִירָא Ps 56:4 (at the) time (when) I am afraid; (5) plural construct before perfect: כָּליְֿמֵי הִתְהַלַּכְנוּ אִתָּם 1Sam 25:15, so Lev 14:46 (probably, see Di); כִּימוֺת Ps 90:15 (6) plural construct before imperfect: כִּימֵי אֱלוֺתַּ יִשְׁמְרֵנִי Job 29:2 (7) מִיּוֺם construct before rel. clause: מִיּוֺם אֲשֶׁר הָיִיתִי לְפָנֶיךָ 1Sam 29:8 since the day when (= as long as) I have been before thee, Neh 5:14 (8) plural construct before rel. clause כָּליְֿמֵי אֲשֶׁר יִשְׁכֹּן Num 9:18 as long as the cloud remained, etc.
  e. (1) יוֺם יוֺם day by day Gen 39:10 (J), Exod 16:5 (P), Prov 8:30; Prov 8:34; Ps 61:9; Ps 68:20 (+ Jer 7:25; Ps 13:3 Lag, see יוֺמָם); so (late) לְיוֺם בְּיוֺם 2Chr 24:11 יוֺם בְּיוֺם 2Chr 30:21; Neh 8:18 לְעֶתיֿוֺם בְּיוֺם 1Chr 12:22 עֹלֹת יוֺם בְּיוֺם Ezra 3:4 בִּדְבַר יוֺם בְּיוֺם 2Chr 8:13 מִיּוֺם אֶליֿוֺם from day to day 1Chr 16:23 = מִיּוֺם לְיוֺם Ps 96:2 (Esth 3:7 see below); יוֺם וָיוֺם Esth 3:4 (very late, see וְ 1 i
   (b), p. 253 above and Dr^{Intr. 505}); בְּכָליֿוֺם וָיוֺם Esth 2:11 כְּיוֺם בְּיוֺם 1Sam 18:10 as daily = according to daily habit; (2) מִיּוֺם לְיוֺם Esth 3:7, is in phrase of casting lots for one day after another; (מִיָּמִים יָמִ֫ימָה see 6 c); (3) of daily duties, observances, etc.: דְּבַר יוֺם בְּיוֺמוֺ each day's affair in its day Exod 5:13; Exod 5:19; Exod 16:4 (all J), Lev 23:37 (H), 1Kgs 8:59; 2Kgs 25:30 = Jer 52:34; Ezra 3:4; Neh 11:23; Neh 12:47; Dan 1:5 לִדְבַר יוֺם בְּיוֺמוֺ 1Chr 16:37; 2Chr 8:14; 2Chr 31:16. feminine כָּלהַֿיָּמִים = always, continually, Gen 43:9; Gen 44:32 (both J), Deut 4:40; Deut 5:26; Deut 6:24; Deut 11:1; Deut 14:23; Deut 18:5; Deut 19:9; Deut 28:29; Deut 28:33; Josh 4:24 (D), Judg 16:16; 1Sam 2:32; 1Sam 2:35; 1Sam 18:29; 1Sam 23:14; 1Sam 28:2; 2Sam 13:37; 2Sam 19:14; Jer 31:36; Jer 32:39; Jer 33:18; Jer 35:19; 1Kgs 5:15; 1Kgs 9:3; 1Kgs 11:36; 1Kgs 11:39; 1Kgs 12:7; 1Kgs 14:30; 1Kgs 2:19; 1Kgs 13:3; 1Kgs 17:37; 1Kgs 2:16; 1Kgs 10:7; 1Kgs 12:15; 1Kgs 21:7; also (only in prophetic writers and in poetry) כָּלהַֿיּוֺם Gen 6:5 (J), Hos 12:2; Deut 28:32; Deut 33:12; Jer 20:7; Jer 20:8; Isa 28:24; Isa 51:13; Isa 52:5 (both תָּמִיד כלהֿיום), Isa 65:2; Isa 65:5; Lam 1:13; Lam 3:3; Lam 3:14; Lam 3:62; Ps 25:5; Ps 32:3; Ps 35:28; Ps 37:26; Ps 38:7; Ps 38:13; Ps 42:4; Ps 42:11; Ps 44:9; Ps 44:16; Ps 44:23; Ps 52:3; Ps 56:2; Ps 56:3; Ps 56:6; Ps 71:8; Ps 71:15; Ps 71:24; Ps 72:15; Ps 73:14; Ps 74:22; Ps 86:3; Ps 88:18; Ps 89:17; Ps 102:9; Ps 119:97; Prov 21:26; Prov 23:17.
  g. additional phrase with בְּ = on a particular day: בַּיּוֺם הַחֲמִישִׁי Judg 19:18, so Gen 2:2 (twice in verse) + often; בְּכָליֿוֺם every day Ps 7:12; Ps 88:10; Ps 145:2 בַּיּוֺם הַהוּא of definite time in past Gen 15:18; Gen 33:16 + (see also 3 above); compare הַיּוֺם הַזֶּה (no preposition) Exod 13:3 (JE); בַּיּוֺם הַהוּא of time defined in subsequent context, 1Sam 3:2 at that time when Eli was laid down, i.e. at the particular time of the following incident (= at a certain time, on one particular day; compare Gen 39:11 Sub h; see Da^{Synt. § 21. e. R. 1, 2 and} especially Dr 1Sam 1:4; 1Sam 19:3); בַּיּוֺם הַזֶּה Gen 7:11 +; בְּעֶצֶם הַיּוֺם הַזֶּה on this selfsame day Gen 7:13 (see עֶצֶם); בַּיּוֺם הַהוּא also of future 1Sam 3:12; Deut 31:17 (twice in verse); Deut 31:18 and very often in prophets, as formula in describing what is to come at time of future blessing, retribution, etc., Amos 8:3; Amos 8:9; Hos 2:18; Hos 2:20; Hos 2:23 etc., especially Isa 2:11; Isa 2:17; Isa 2:20; Isa 3:7; Isa 3:18; Isa 4:1; Isa 4:2 + often; plural בַּיָּמִים הָהֵם of past Gen 6:4 (J), Judg 18:1 (twice in verse); Judg 19:1; Judg 21:25; 1Sam 3:1 + often; of future Deut 17:9; Deut 19:17; Deut 26:3.
  h. with כַּיּוֺם ׃כְּ as or like the day Ps 139:12 כַּיּוֺם הַהוּא Josh 10:14 כְּיוֺם Hos 2:5 as at the day of; כְּיוֺם תָּמִים Josh 10:13 about a whole day; כַּיּוֺם literally at (about) to-day = now (see כְּ) 1Sam 9:27; 1Kgs 22:5 = 2Chr 18:4; Isa 58:4 so כְּהַיּוֺם 1Sam 9:13 + v1Sam 9:12 We Dr (for ᵑ0 כי היום), Neh 5:11 כַּיּוֺם = at once, first of all Gen 25:31; Gen 25:33; 1Sam 2:16; 1Kgs 1:51 often with adjective pronoun to point out agreement of result with promise or prediction, כַּיּוֺם הַזֶּה as it is this day Gen 50:20 (E), 1Sam 22:8; 1Sam 22:13, and especially Deuteronomy, Jeremiah and subsequent writing: Deut 2:30; Deut 4:20; Deut 4:38; Deut 8:18; Deut 10:15; Deut 29:27; Jer 11:5; Jer 25:18 (gloss, omitted by ᵐ5, compare especially Kue^{Einl. § 56. 1}), Jer 32:20; Jer 44:6; Jer 44:23; 1Kgs 3:6; 1Kgs 8:24; 1Kgs 8:61; 1Chr 28:7; 2Chr 6:15; Dan 9:7; Dan 9:15 so כְּהַיּוֺם הַזֶּה Deut 6:24; Jer 44:22; Ezra 9:7; Ezra 9:15; Neh 9:10 in Gen 39:11 (J) this phrase = on this particular day (when the incident to be narrated occurred; compare ביום ההוא g above)
  i. with לְיוֺם ׃לְ on, at (literally with reference to) Hos 9:5 (twice in verse) what will ye do on the day of assembly, etc., Isa 10:3 לְיוֺם אֶחָד 1Kgs 5:2 bread for one day; הַמְּלָאכָה לֹא לְיוֺם אֶחָד וְלֹא לִשְׁנַיִם Ezra 10:13 distributive phrase נָשִׂיא אֶחָד לַיּוֺם נָשִׂיא אֶחָד לַיּוֺם Num 7:11 (P), Job 21:30 (twice in verse); compare לַיּוֺם Mal 1:17 לַיּום against, i.e. in expectation of Exod 19:11, so לְיוֺם קְרָב Job 38:23; Prov 21:31 לְיוֺם קוּמִי almost = until Zeph 3:8 לִפְנֵי יוֺם Isa 48:7 before to-day; late phrase are לְיָמִים מִיָּמִים 2Chr 21:19 = in the course of time; לְיָמִים רַבִּים Dan 8:26 at (the end of) many days; לַיּוֺם for every day, daily, Exod 29:36; Exod 29:38; Num 7:11 (twice in verse); Num 28:3; Num 28:34; 1Chr 26:17; Jer 37:21; Ezek 4:10; Ezek 43:25; Ezek 45:23 (twice in verse); Ezek 46:13 לַיּוֺם in exclamation ׳הָהּ לַיּ Ezek 20:2 alas for the day! ׳אֲהָהּ לַיּ Joel 1:15.
  j. with מִיּוֺם ׃מִן since the day (time) of (or when), Exod 10:6; Lev 23:15; Deut 9:24; 1Sam 7:2 etc.; מִיּוֺם הראשׁן Exod 12:15 from the first day (on omission of article see Dr^{§ 209} (1)); מִימֵי השׁפטים 2Kgs 23:22, etc.; מִיּוֺם = from to-day, from this day forth Isa 43:13; Ezek 48:35 מֵהַיּוֺם הַהוּא וָמָ֑עְלָה 1Sam 16:13; 1Sam 30:25 from that day forward; so וָהָ֑לְאָה ׳הַה ׳מֵהַיּ 1Sam 18:9 מִןהַֿיּוֺם הַזֶּה וָמָ֑עְלָה Hag 2:15; Hag 2:18 from this day onward (see Add. on p. 751:b); עַדהַֿיּוֺם הַזֶּה Gen 47:26 until now; מִיָּמִים רַבִּים after many days Josh 23:1; Ezek 38:8 מִיָּמִים after a time Judg 11:4; Judg 14:8; Judg 15:1 but usually ׳מִקֵּץ י, see קֵץ; מִיֹּמָ֑יִם Hos 6:2 after two days; — מִיָּמִים יָמִ֫ימָה see e (4) above
  k. with לְמִן (see לְ near the end): לְמִן הַיּוֺם אֲשֶׁר Deut 4:32; Deut 9:7; 2Sam 7:11; Jer 7:25; Jer 32:31; Hag 2:18 twice followed by infinitive in apposition Exod 9:18; 2Sam 19:25 (compare also 2Chr 8:16 see Dr^{Sm. & § 190, Obs}.); קֶדֶם ׃לְמִימֵי ׳למ 2Kgs 19:25 since days of old = long ago, compare Mal 3:7 since the days of your fathers.

1. ׃עַד (ה)יום ׳עַד יוֺם הָאֶחָד וגו Exod 12:18 until the 21st day, Lev 19:6 +; עַדיֿוֺם מוֺתוֺ Judg 13:7; 1Sam 15:35; 2Sam 6:23 +, etc., see also (followed by infinitive) c above; עַדהַֿיּוֺם until to-day, denoting especially permanence of a name or situation, or of result of an event, Gen 19:37; Gen 19:38 (J), Gen 35:20 (E), 2Kgs 10:27; Ezek 20:31 ; more often עַדהַֿיּוֺם הַזֶּה until this day Gen 26:33 (J), Gen 32:33 (P or R), Gen 47:26 (J), Gen 48:15 (E), Exod 10:6; Num 22:30 (both J), Deut 2:22; Deut 3:14; Deut 10:8; Deut 11:4; Deut 29:3; Deut 34:6; Deut 5:9; Deut 6:25; Deut 7:26 (twice in verse); Josh 8:28; Josh 8:29; Josh 9:27; Josh 13:13; Josh 14:14; Josh 15:63; Josh 16:10 (all J E), Josh 22:3 (D), vJosh 22:17 (P), Josh 23:8; Josh 23:9 (D), Judg 1:21; Judg 1:26; Judg 6:24; Judg 10:4; Judg 15:19; Judg 18:12; Judg 19:30; 1Sam 5:5; 1Sam 6:18; 1Sam 8:8; 1Sam 12:2; 1Sam 27:6; 1Sam 29:3; 1Sam 29:6; 1Sam 29:8; 1Sam 30:25; 2Sam 4:3; 2Sam 6:8 = 1Chr 13:11; 2Sam 7:6 = 1Chr 17:5; 2Sam 18:18 + often; עַדעֶֿצֶם הַיּוֺם הַזֶּה Josh 10:27 (JE), Ezek 2:3 (compare Lev 23:14 H); עַדֿ הַיּוֺם הַהוּא Judg 18:1; Neh 8:17. masculine once עַליֿוֺם טוֺב 1Sam 25:8 upon a good day, i.e. a day of social cheerfulness, feasting, rejoicing (with rare עַל temporal compare Dr; יוֺם טוֺב also Esth 8:17; Esth 9:19; Esth 9:22, see טוֺב adjective )

1. darkness (opposed to אוֺר) literal Gen 1:2; Gen 1:4 (P), Isa 45:7; Job 26:10; Eccl 2:13, compare in imprecation Job 3:4; Job 3:5 (וצלמות ׳ח) = לילה Gen 1:5; Gen 1:18 (P), compare Josh 2:5 (JE), Isa 45:19; Job 17:12; Job 24:16; Job 38:19; Ps 104:20 darkness in mines Job 28:3 of extraordinary darkness, in Egypt Exod 10:21 (twice in verse) (E); אֲֿפֵלָה׳ח Exod 10:22 (E), Ps 105:28, from pillar of cloud Exod 14:20 at Mt. Sinai Deut 4:11; Deut 5:20 of clouds of theophany 2Sam 22:12 = Ps 18:12 of darkness in death, or She'ô l, 1Sam 2:9; Job 10:21 (וצלמות ׳אֶרֶץ ח), Job 17:13; Job 18:18; Ps 88:13; Prov 20:20 (׳אִישׁוֺן ח = extreme of darkness).

2. = secret place(s) Isa 45:3; Job 12:22 (|| צלמות); = hiding-place Job 34:22 (|| id.), compare Ps 139:11; Ps 139:12 — on Ezek 8:12, see above

3. figurative,
  a. = distress Isa 5:30; Isa 9:1; Isa 29:18 (figurative of blindness), Isa 42:7; Isa 49:9; Isa 58:10; Isa 59:9; Isa 60:2; Lam 3:2; Mic 7:8; Ps 18:29 = 2Sam 22:29; Job 15:22; Job 15:23; Job 15:30; Job 20:26; Job 22:11; Job 23:17; Job 29:3; Ps 107:10; Ps 107:14 (in both || צלמות), Ps 112:4; Eccl 5:16; Eccl 11:8.
  b. = dread, terror, symbolic of judgment Amos 5:18; Amos 5:20; Zeph 1:15; Nah 1:8; Ezek 32:8; Joel 2:4; Joel 3:4.
  c. = mourning Isa 47:5.
  d. = perplexity Job 5:14; Job 12:25; Job 19:8 confusion Ps 35:6.
  e. = ignorance Job 37:19; Eccl 2:14. feminine = evil, sin Isa 5:20 (twice in verse); Prov 2:13.
  g. = obscurity Eccl 6:4 (twice in verse).

Qal Perfect אָכַל Exod 34:28 +; אָֽכְלָה Num 21:28 +; etc. Imperfect יאֹבַל Gen 49:27 +; וַיּאֹ֫כַל Gen 25:34 +; וַיּאֹכַ֑ל Gen 3:6 +; יאֹכֵ֑ל Lev 21:22 +; אֹכַל Gen 24:33 +; וָָֽאֹכַ֫ל Gen 27:33 וְאֹכֵ֑ל Isa 44:19 וָָֽאֹבֵל Gen 3:12; Gen 3:13 3 plural יאֹכְלוּ Gen 32:33 +; יאֹכֵ֑לוּ Deut 18:18 +; etc. (for יוֺכְלוּ Ezek 42:5 read יוצלו, יאצלו ᵐ5 Ew Co); suffix יאֹכְלֶנּוּ Lev 7:6 +; תּאֹבַלְכֶם Isa 33:11, etc., probably also תְּאָכְלֵהוּ Job 20:26, either as secondary form from ׳תּאֹ (Ew^{§ 253} Di) or textual error (Ges^{«GKC:68»§ 68}. 1) > Pi`el, Thes Kö<sup>I, 389</sup>; or Po`el, Ki De MV; Imperative אֱכוֺל 1Kgs 18:41 +, etc.; Infinitive absolute אָכוֺל Gen 2:16 +; construct אֲכֹל Num 26:10 + 2 t.; לֶאֱכֹל Gen 24:33 +; לְאָכְלָה Jer 12:9 Participle אֹכֵל (אוֺכֵל) Gen 39:6 +, אֹכֶלֶת Exod 24:17 +, etc. —

1. eat, human subject Gen 3:11; Gen 3:18 + often; mostly with accusative Exod 16:35 +; also followed by מִןֿ (eat of, — some of, — or from) Exod 34:15; Ruth 2:14 +; followed by בְּ (eat of or at) Exod 12:43 f; absolute Deut 2:6 +; as act of worship Gen 31:54 (compare Gen 46:1) Exod 18:12; Exod 24:11; Exod 34:15; Deut 12:7; Deut 12:18; Deut 14:23; Deut 14:26 +; compare of priests Exod 29:32; Lev 10:13 +; compare אָבַל אֶלהֶֿהָרִים Ezek 18:6; Ezek 18:11; Ezek 18:15; Ezek 22:9 + Ezek 33:25 עַלהַֿדָּם Co עַלהֶֿהָרִים; (but RS^{Rel. Semitic i. 324 N would emend first 4 by last}); eat up, finish eating Gen 43:2 (with בלה) 1Kgs 13:28 +; אָכַל לֶחֶם = take a meal Gen 43:25; Exod 2:20; 1Sam 20:24; Jer 41:1 +; so ׳א alone Gen 43:16; 1Sam 20:5 +; לֶחֶם ׳א = eat, get food Gen 3:19; 2Kgs 4:8 +; Amos 7:12 (i.e. spend one's life) compare Eccl 5:16 ׳ל ׳לֹא א i.e. fast 1Sam 28:20; 1Sam 30:12; Ezra 10:6 compare Dan 10:3 figurative אֶתבְּֿשָׂרוֺ ׳א Eccl 4:5 (i.e. waste away); eat words Jer 15:16 (i.e. eagerly receive); of adultery, Prov 30:20 אָֽכְלָה וּמָֽחֲתָה פִּ֑יהָ וְאָֽמְרָה לֹאֿ פָעַלְתִּי אָֽוֶן׃; eat (taste) good fortune, בַּטּוֺב ׳א Job 21:25 לְפִּי אָבְלוֺ according to his eating, i.e. according to his needs in eating Exod 12:4; Exod 16:16; Exod 16:18 also vExod 16:21 compare Job 20:21 & below אָכְלָה; אָכַל הַפְּרִי 2Kgs 19:29; Amos 9:14, of peaceful enjoyment of results of labour; figurative of receiving consequences of action, good or bad Prov 1:31; Prov 18:21; Hos 10:13 compare וַיּאֹכַל גַּםאָֿכוֺל אֶתכַּֿסְפֵּנוּ Gen 31:15 i.e. he has reaped all the benefit, compare Hos 7:9 figurative of mourner, אֵפֶר כַּלֶּחֶם אָכָ֑לְתִּי Ps 102:10 (compare Ps 80:6 Hiph`il, & Assyrian akâl al âkul, bikîtum kurmatî = food I ate not, weeping (was) my refreshment Hpt^{ASKT 166 f.} Obsev. 1. 21, 22 Zim^{BP 34. 42}); of gods, partaking of sacrifices Deut 32:38 figurative = destroy Deut 7:16 (compare Num 14:9); compare Jer 10:25; Jer 30:16; Jer 50:7; Hos 7:7.

2. of beasts, birds, etc., eat, devour; Gen 37:20; Gen 37:33; Gen 40:17; Gen 40:19; 1Kgs 13:28; 1Kgs 14:11; 1Kgs 16:4; 1Kgs 21:23; 1Kgs 21:24; Hos 2:14 +; specifically of locusts Joel 1:4; Joel 2:25; 2Chr 7:13 compare Amos 4:9 moth Job 13:28 flies Ps 78:45 worms Deut 28:39 also Ezek 19:3; Ezek 19:6 (of Israel under figure of lion), compare Jer 50:7; Jer 50:17; Jer 51:34 also Hos 13:8 (of ׳י under fig, of lion), Ezek 22:25 (נֶפֶשׁ אָכָ֑לוּ, of false prophets under figure of lion).

3. figurative of fire, devour, consume Lev 6:3 (followed by 2 accusative consume offering to ashes) Nah 3:13; Isa 5:24 (in simile), particular of fire from ׳י Lev 10:2; Lev 16:25; Judg 9:15 f 1Kgs 18:38; 2Kgs 1:10; 2Kgs 1:12; 2Kgs 1:14; 2Chr 7:1 compare Amos 1:4; Amos 1:7; Amos 1:10; Amos 1:12; Amos 1:14; Amos 2:2; Amos 2:5; Amos 5:6 +; Deut 5:22 of fire at Sinai; of ׳י as fire (in judgment) Deut 4:24 אֱלֹהֶיךָ אֵשׁ אֹכְלָה הוּא ׳כִּי י; compare Deut 9:3; Isa 10:17 (|| בּער) Isa 30:27; Isa 30:30; Isa 33:14 (|| מוֺקְדֵי עוֺלָם).

4. of sword, devour, slay Deut 32:42; 2Sam 22:26; 2Sam 11:25; 2Sam 18:8; Hos 11:6; Jer 2:30; Jer 12:12 compare of devastation of land Isa 1:7; Jer 8:16.

5. in genl. devour, consume, destroy (inanimate subject) of drought Gen 31:40 of pestilence Ezek 7:15 of woods 2Sam 18:8 compare Lev 26:38 וְאָֽכְלָה אֶתְכֶם אֶרֶץ אֹיְבֵיכֶם; of הַבּשֶׁת Jer 3:24 (see בּשֶׁת).

6. figurative of oppression, devour the poor, etc. Prov 30:14; Hab 3:14 compare Ps 14:4 of bitter enmity לֶאֱכֹל אֶתבְּֿשָׂרִי Ps 27:2. (compare Job 19:22). Niph`al Perfect וְנֶאֱבַל consecutive Exod 22:5 Imperfect יֵאָכֵל Gen 6:21 +; וַיֵּאָכֵ֫ל Num 12:12, etc.; Infinitive absolute הֵאָבֹל Lev 7:18; Lev 19:7 Participle feminine נֶאֱכֶ֫לֶת Lev 11:47 —

1. be eaten by man Exod 12:46; Exod 13:3; Exod 13:7; Exod 21:28; Exod 29:34; Lev 6:9; Lev 6:16; Lev 6:19; Lev 6:23; Lev 7:6; Lev 7:15; Lev 7:16 (twice in verse); Lev 7:18; Lev 11:41; Lev 19:6; Lev 19:7; Lev 19:23; Lev 22:30; Lev 28:17; Ezek 45:21 of custom, usage Gen 6:21; Exod 12:16; Deut 12:22; Job 6:6 of permission to eat Lev 7:19; Lev 11:13; Lev 11:34; Lev 11:47 (twice in verse); Lev 17:13 with negative be uneatable Jer 24:2; Jer 24:3; Jer 24:8; Jer 29:17.

2. be devoured by fire, consumed Zeph 1:18; Zeph 3:8; Zech 9:4; Ezek 23:25.

3. be wasted, destroyed, of flesh Num 12:12; Jer 30:16. Pu`al Perfect אֻכְּלוּ be consumed with fire Neh 2:3; Neh 2:13 compare Nah 1:10 (figurative); so Participle אֻכָּל (= מְאֻכָּל Ew<sup>§ 169 d</sup>) Exod 3:2 by sword Isa 1:20 תְּאֻכְּלוּ. Hiph`il Perfect 2 masculine singular suffix הֶאֱכַלְתָּם Ps 80:6, וְהַאֲכַלְתִּ֫י Isa 49:26 suffix וְהַאֲכַלְתִּיךָ consecutive Isa 58:14 הֶאֱכַלְתִּיח Ezek 16:19 וְהַאֲכַלְתִּים consecutive Jer 19:9 Imperfect suffix יַאֲכִלֵנוּ Num 11:4; Num 11:18, etc.; 2 masculine singular js. תַּאֲכֵל; 1 singular אוֺכִיל Hos 11:4 Imperative הַאֲכִילֵהוּ Prov 25:21, etc.; Infinitive לְהָכִיל Ezek 21:33 (but Co לההל, q. v.); Participle מַאֲבִיל Jer 23:15, etc.; —

1. cause to eat, feed with, followed by 2 accusative subject mostly ׳י; Exod 16:32; Deut 8:3; Deut 8:16; Ezek 3:2; Jer 19:9 absolute Hos 11:4 compare Num 11:4; Num 11:18 figurative Jer 9:14; Jer 23:15; Jer 58:14; also Ps 80:6 הֶאֱבַלְתָּם לֶחֶם דִּמְעָ֑ה (compare Ps 102:10 Qal above); followed by accusative of person + מן Ps 81:17, but also subject man Prov 25:21; 1Kgs 22:27; 2Chr 18:26 וְהַאֲכִלֻהוּ לֶחֶם לַ֫חַץ of prison fare; followed by accusative of person only 2Chr 28:15, compare Ezek 2:3.

2. cause to devour, object sword Ezek 21:33 (but on text see Co).

Pe`al Perfect 3 masculine plural אֲכַ֫לוּ Dan 3:8; Dan 6:25 Imperfect 3 masculine singular יֵאכֻל Dan 4:30 3 feminine singularתֵּאכֻל Dan 7:23 Imperative feminine singular אֲכֻּ֫לִי vDan 7:5 Participle feminine singular אָֽכְלָה, vDan 7:7 vDan 7:9 —

1. eat, of beast, Dan 4:30 (accusative of thing).

2. devour, of beast in vision, Dan 7:5 (accusative of thing), absolute vDan 7:7 vDan 7:19 hence figurative of kingdom, devour, devastate, vDan 7:23 (accusative of earth).

3. in phrase ק־רְצֵיהוֺן ׳א Dan 3:8 eat their pieces, i.e. slander them, compare Dan 6:25 (see קְרַץ).

Qal Perfect ׳כ Ps 112:10; Eccl 5:16 Imperfect וַיִּכְעַס Neh 3:33; 2Chr 16:10 1 singular אֶכְעַס Ezek 16:42 Infinitive לִכְעוֺם Eccl 7:9. —

1. be vexed, indignant Ps 112:10; Neh 3:33; Eccl 5:16.

2. be angry Ezek 16:42; Eccl 7:9, with אֶל person 2Chr 16:10. Piel. Perfect 3 feminine singular suffix כִּעֲסַתָּה 1Sam 1:6 3 masculine plural suffix כִּעֲסוּנִי Deut 32:21 provoke to anger.

1. vex, with accusative pers 1Sam 1:7; Ezek 32:9.

2. vex, provoke to anger, especially of provoking Yahweh by workship of other gods Judg 2:12; Judg 1:9; Judg 14:15; Judg 16:33; Judg 22:54; 2Kgs 17:11; 2Kgs 23:19; 2Chr 28:25; Neh 3:37; Jer 7:18; Jer 7:19; Jer 11:17; Jer 32:29; Jer 32:32; Jer 44:3; Ezek 8:17; Ezek 16:26; Isa 65:3; Hos 12:15 with בּ instrumental בְּתוֺעֵבֹת Deut 32:16 בְּהַבְלֵיהֶם Deut 32:21; 1Kgs 16:13; 1Kgs 16:26 בחטאתם 1Kgs 16:2 במעשׂ(י) יד(יוׅ Deut 31:29; 1Kgs 16:7; Jer 25:6; Jer 25:7; Jer 32:30; Jer 44:8 בכל מעשׂ(ה) ידיהם 2Kgs 22:17 = 2Chr 34:25 בבמות Ps 78:58 בפסיליהם Jer 8:19 במעלליהם Ps 106:29 compare the phrases להכעיס(וׅ ׳עשׂה הרע(ה) בעיני י do the evil in the eyes of Yahweh to provoke (him) to anger Deut 4:25; Deut 9:18; Deut 31:29; 1Kgs 16:7; 2Kgs 17:17; 2Kgs 21:6 = 2Chr 33:6 so מכעסים 2Kgs 21:15; Jer 32:30 אשׁר הכעיס כעס (יםׅ 1Kgs 15:30; 1Kgs 21:22; 2Kgs 23:26. — The phrase is characteristic of D Jeremiah and the compiler of Kings; see Dr^{Intr 191}; Deut 4:25 Holz^{eini. Hexateuch 287}.

Qal₅₉, Perfect 3 feminine singular רָֽבְתָה 1Sam 14:30 2 masculine singular וְרָבִ֫יתָ consecutive Deut 30:16 3 plural רָבוּ Ezra 9:6 +, etc.; Imperfect 3 masculine singular יִרְבֶּה Deut 8:13 +, jussive יִ֫רֶב Gen 1:22 + 2Chr 24:27 Qr (< ורב Kt, see רֹב

1.), וַיִּ֫רֶב Exod 1:20 3 feminine singular תִּרְבֶּה Deut 7:22; Dan 12:4, וַתֵּ֫רֶב Gen 43:34; 1Kgs 5:10 3 masculine plural יִרְבּוּ Deut 11:31 +, יִרְבּוּן Ps 139:18, יִרְבְּיֻן Deut 8:13 etc.; Imperative masculine singular וּרְבֵה Gen 35:11 Infinitive construct רְבוֺת Exod 11:9 +; — Participle רֹבֶה see II. רבה; —

1. become many, numerous:
  a. of people, Exod 1:10; Exod 1:12 (J), vExod 1:20 (E), Deut 6:3; Deut 8:1; Deut 30:16; Zech 10:8; 1Chr 5:23 רָבוּ לְמָ֑עְלָה 1Chr 23:17 especially + פרה be fruitful and multiply Jer 3:16; Jer 23:3 (figurative of flock), Gen 47:27b (P), Exod 1:7 (P), Ps 107:38 also (of man and beast) Ezek 36:11 of children Job 27:14 צַדִּיקִים Prov 28:28, ׳בִּרְבוֺת צ Prov 29:2 (Toy רְדוֺת rule, || מְשֹׁל ),רְשָׁעִים ׳בר vProv 29:16 (Toy id.).
  b. of animals Deut 7:22 (+ עַל person), Deut 8:13; 1Chr 5:9 + פרה Gen 1:22; Gen 8:17 (both P; compare Ezek 36:11 above).
  c. of things Deut 8:13 (twice in verse); Ezek 31:5; Exod 11:9 (P), Eccl 5:10 of sins Ezra 9:6 (+ לְמַ֫עְלָה), Prov 29:16 + מִן compare Ps 16:4; Ps 139:18 of days Gen 38:12 (J), Deut 11:21; 1Sam 7:2; Prov 9:11, years of life Prov 4:10 of waters Gen 7:17 (J), vGen 7:18 (P).

2. a. be great: (I) of things Gen 43:24 (J; + מִן compare), 1Sam 14:30 of way = be long Deut 19:6 and (מִן compare person) Deut 14:24 be too long for; of wisdom 1Kgs 5:10 (מִן compare). (2) of person, יִרְבֶּה אֱלֹהִים מֵאֱנוֺשׁ Job 33:12 i.e. is too great for (De and others); has loftier, nobler thoughts (Di Bu), but no ||.
  b. grow great (Aramaism): (I) of person, = grow up Ezek 16:7 ( + גָּדַל), Job 39:4. (2) of glory Ps 49:17, knowledge Dan 12:4. — 2Chr 24:27 see above Pi:4., make large, increase; — Imperative masculine singularרַבֶּה צְבָאֲךָ Judg 9:29 enlarge thy host; Perfect 2 masculine singular רִבִּיתָ בִּמְחִירֵיהֶם Ps 44:13 thou hast not made great with their price (set a high price; so Ew De Che and others); or increased (that is, thy wealth) by their price (Hup Bae); = bring up, rear (children) Lam 2:22 (+ טפּח), whelps Ezek 19:2 (in figurative). Hiph`il₁₆₂ Perfect 3 masculine singular הִרְבָּה Hos 8:11 +, suffix וְהִרְבְּךָֹ consecutive Deut 30:5 2 masculine singular הִרְבִּיתָ Isa 9:2 +, 1 singular הִרְבֵּיתִי Hos 2:10 +, etc.; Imperfect יַרְבֶּה Hos 12:2 +, וַ֫יֶּרֶב 2Sam 18:8; Lam 2:5 etc.; Imperative masculine singular הַרְבֵּה Ezek 24:10, הֶ֫רֶב Judg 20:38 + Ps 51:4 Qr (הרבה Kt, Infinitive absolute), etc.; feminine singular הַרְבִּי Isa 23:16, masculine plural הַרְבּוּ Amos 4:4; Gen 34:12 Infinitive absolute הַרְבֵּה Gen 15:1 +, הַרְבָּה (Ba^{NB 90, 91}) Gen 3:16; Gen 16:10; Gen 22:17 construct הַרְבּוֺת Deut 28:63 + (2Sam 14:11 Kt הרבית; Amos 4:9; Prov 25:27 see below); Participle מַרְבֶּה Exod 16:17 +, construct מַרְבֵּה Lev 11:42, etc.; —

1. make much, or many:
  a. object person (or a people), multiply, increase Gen 16:10; Gen 17:20; Isa 9:2 +; Ezek 36:10 (+ עַל person), vEzek 36:11 (man and beast; + id.); Deut 30:5 (+ מִן compare person); + פרה Hiph`il Gen 28:3; Gen 48:4 (both P); הִרְבָּה כּוֺשֵׁל Jer 46:16 = he made many stumble; = have many 1Chr 7:4; 1Chr 8:40; 1Chr 23:11.
  b. object animals Deut 17:16 (twice in verse) (compare Ezek 36:11 above).
  c. object things Hos 2:10; Hos 8:11; Hos 8:14; +; הַרְבּוּ עָלַי מְאֹד מֹהַר וּמַתָּן Gen 34:12 opposed to הִמְעִיט Lev 26:16; Num 26:54; Num 33:54 object words Eccl 10:14 (see Job 34:37 below 2), compare Isa 1:15; Job 40:27, הַרְבִּי שִׂיר Isa 23:16 object days Job 29:18 (like sand); = use many (medicines) Jer 46:11 have many (feet) Lev 11:42 bring abundantly 2Chr 31:5 yield abundantly Neh 9:37 with ל of object Hos 10:1 (ל 3 a); object omitted Hab 2:6; Prov 22:16, also (opposed to מעט [usually Hiph`il]) Exod 16:17; Exod 16:18; Exod 30:15; Num 35:8 (all P), Prov 13:11.
  d. (1) followed by infinitive, make much to do, do much in respect of, = do much, abundantly; greatly, often, etc. (Dr^{181, 12}): הַרְבּוּ לִפְשֹׁעַ Amos 4:4 = transgress greatly, so Ezra 10:13, compare 2Kgs 21:6 = 2Chr 33:6 further, Isa 55:7; Exod 36:5; 2Chr 36:14; Ps 78:38, also 2Sam 14:11 (Kt מהרבית, Qr מֵהַרְבַּת, read probably מֵהַרְבוֺת Dr^reff. Ges^{«GKC:75»§ 75} ff. Th Löhr); + מִן compare 2Sam 18:8; 1Sam 1:12 = pray a long time; Judg 20:38 strike out הֶרֶב as dittograph of הארב Be Bu GFM. (2) followed by finite verb (Dr^sm Ges^{«GKC:120g»§ 120g}), אַלֿ תַּרְבּוּ תְדַבְּרוּ 1Sam 2:3 i.e. talk not so much; compare Ps 51:4. e the Infinitive absolute (Ol^{§ 191 b} Kö^{ii. 1, 555} Ges^{«GKC:75»§ 75} ff.) is used: (1) הַרְבָּה אַרְבֶּה I will greatly increase Gen 3:16; Gen 16:10; Gen 22:17 (all J; Ges^{«GKC:113n»§ 113n}); (2) וְהַרְבֵּה carrying on infinitive construct Ezek 21:20 (3) הַרְבֵּה as adverb (c. verbs and [Eccl 7:16] adjective ), greatly, exceedingly, etc., especially מְאֹד ׳ה Gen 41:49 (E), 1Sam 26:21; 2Sam 12:30 = I Chron 2Sam 20:2, Josh 13:1 (D), 2Kgs 21:16; Neh 2:2 perhaps also 1Kgs 5:9. 1Kgs 10:10 (both with נָתַן), v1Kgs 10:11 (with הֵבִיא), Jer 40:12 (with אָסַף), 2Chr 14:12 (with נָשָׂא); הַרְבֵּה alone 2Kgs 10:8 (opposed to מְעָ֑ט), Neh 3:33; Eccl 1:16; Eccl 5:19; Eccl 7:16; Eccl 7:17; Ps 51:4 Kt (Qr הֶרֶב Imperative); (4) as adjective attributive (Kö^{Synt.:§ 318 e} ), מְאֹד ׳ח Deut 3:5; Josh 22:8 (D; || רַבמְֿאֹד ), 2Sam 8:8 (רַבָּה מְאֹד in || 1Chr 18:18), 1Chr 12:2; Isa 30:33; 2Chr 32:27 so הַרְבֵּה alone Neh 4:4; Neh 4:13 (+ רְחָבָה), Ezra 10:1 (preceding n., compare 1. רַב), Eccl 2:7; Eccl 5:6; Eccl 5:16 (reading כעס as n., Ew De Hi-Now and others), Eccl 6:11; Eccl 9:18; Eccl 11:8a Eccl 12:9; Eccl 12:12 (twice in verse),הַרְבּוֺת alone Prov 25:27 (Toy reads הַרְבֵּה); חִרְבֵּה מְאֹד as predicate Gen 15:1 (J; Samaritan אַרְבֶּה), Eccl 11:8b Ps 130:7 (adverb Bae); (5) הַרְבֵּה as concrete noun (Kö^{Synt.:§ 318 a}) 2Sam 14; Jer 42:2 (בֶּה- van d. H.), with מִן compare, 2Chr 25:9; Jonah 4:11 as object (or adverb), opposed to מְעַט Hag 1:6; Hag 1:9; Eccl 5:11 late in adverb phrase (לְהַרְבֵּה (מְאֹדׅ) Neh 5:18; 2Chr 11:12; 2Chr 16:8 הַרְבּוֺת as noun Amos 4:9 (read probably הֶחֱרַבְתַּי We Now).

2. make great, object person 2Sam 22:36 = Ps 18:36 enlarge border 1Chr 4:10 perhaps also Job 34:37 make words great, presumptuous, against God (לְאֵל; so Buhl^Lex; most make many words, 1 c).

Pe`al Perfect 3 masculine singular ׳ר Dan 4:8 +; 3 feminine singular רְבָת v.Dan 4:19 2 masculine singular רְבַיְתָ Kt ( > רְבַת Qr K<sup>§ 47, Beisp. 1</sup>)a)) v.Dan 4:19 — grow tall and large, of tree Dan 4:8; Dan 4:17 grow long, of hair v.Dan 4:30 figurative grow great, of king v.Dan 4:19, increase, of greatness v.Dan 4:19. Pa`el make great: Perfect 3 masculine singular רַבִּי Dan 2:48 with ל accusative of person

1. of God: absolute Num 17:11 (P), Deut 29:27; Isa 60:10; Jer 10:10; Jer 21:5; Jer 32:37; Jer 50:13; Ps 38:2; Ps 102:11; Zech 7:12 with עַל against Num 1:53; Num 18:5; Josh 9:20; Josh 22:20 (P), 2Kgs 3:27; 1Chr 27:24; 2Chr 19:2; 2Chr 19:10; 2Chr 24:18; 2Chr 29:8; 2Chr 32:25; 2Chr 32:26; Isa 34:2; Zech 1:2; Zech 1:15 ׳בְּשֶׁצֶף קIsa 54:3.

2. of man (late), Esth 1:18; Eccl 5:16.—Hos 10:7 see II. קֶצֶף.