Exodus 39:2 — Hebrew Word by Word

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Word Parts

וַ יַּ֖עַשׂ

וַ

Prefix — connector and (sometimes: but, so, then)

יַּ֖עַשׂ

Root word do, made, done, did, make, …

Dictionary form: עָשָׂה · aw-SAW

Vowels & Accents

וַ

Vav-consecutive (wayyiqtol) The וַ prefix — vav with patach plus a doubling dagesh in the next letter — flips this verb into story-telling past: translate "and (he) ___ed", not "will ___".

Hebrew Alephbet

Grammar C/Vqw3ms

Verb — Qal, Sequential Imperfect (Wayyiqtol), third person masculine singular simple action — "he did" story-telling past — try "and he ___ed" the built-in subject is "he (or it)"

וַ	Speech Conjunction
יַּעַשׂ	Speech Verb Stem Qal Type Sequential Imperfect (Wayyiqtol) Person Third Person Gender Masculine Number Singular

Verb Chart

Full verb chart

In English

In the KJV here: and he made

did ×123 do ×108 made ×86 to do ×85 and do ×61 he did ×59 and he made ×54 and thou shalt make ×45

More options

do — Broadest default; fits commands, descriptions, and narrative.

make — Prefer when the result is a crafted or constructed object.

perform — Good for rituals, duties, vows, or formal acts.

carry out — Emphasizes completing a directive or plan.

execute — Suits legal, judicial, or administrative actions.

accomplish — Highlights successful completion of a goal.

Brown-Driver-Briggs (BDB)

BDB6428 H6213

I. עָשָׂה₂₆₂₂ verb do, make (Late Hebrew = Biblical Hebrew; MI^{23, 26} עשתי, l.³; l.⁹ ואעש, l.²⁴ Imperative עשו; Old Hebrew proper name עשיו, אלעשה, מעשיהו; not Aramaic, and not certainly found in South Semitic languages; on Sabean see especially DHM^{SB Berl. Akkadian 1886, 849}); —

Qal₂₅₂₄ Perfect 3 masculine singular Gen 3:1 +, suffix עָשָׂהוּ Hos 8:6 +; 3 feminine singular עָֽשְׂתָה Deut 22:21 +, וְעָשָׂת consecutive Lev 25:21 2 masculine singular עָשִׂיתָ Gen 3:14 +, etc.; Imperfect 3 masculine singular יַעֲשֶׂה Gen 18:25 +, וַיַּעֲשֶׂה 1Kgs 16:25 + 3 t., וַיַּעַשׂ Isa 5:2 +; יַעֲשֵׂה Isa 64:3, 2 masculine singular תַּעֲשֶׂה 1Sam 10:8, תַּעֲשֵׂה Gen 26:29; Josh 7:9, jussive (with אַל) תַּעַשׂ Gen 22:12 +, תַּעֲשֵׂה 2Sam 13:12; Jer 40:16 Qr (Kt תַּעַשׂ); 1 singular אֶעֱשֶׂה Gen 2:18 +, וָאֶעֱשֶׂה Ezek 20:14; Dan 8:27, וָאַעַשׂ Deut 10:3 + 4 t. Ezekiel; etc.; Imperative masculine singular עֲשֵׂה Judg 10:15 +; feminine singular עֲשִׂי Jer 6:26 +, etc.; Infinitive absolute עָשׂה Jer 44:17 +; עָשׂוֺ Jer 7:5 + 2 t. (Jer 4:18 van d. H. עָשׂוּ); construct עֲשׂוֺת Gen 2:4 +, עֲשׂה Gen 50:20 + 2 t., עֲשׂוֺ Gen 31:28, suffix עֲשׂתוֺ Gen 41:32 +, עֲשׂהוּ Exod 18:18, etc.; Participle active עשֶֹׁה Isa 5:5 +, suffix הָעשֹׁוֺ Job 40:19 (but see below); plural עשִֹׁים Gen 24:49 +; suffix עשָֹׁ֑י Job 35:10 (yet see Ges^{«GKC:124k»§ 124k}), etc.; passive עָשׂוּי Exod 3:16 +, הֶעָשׂוּ Job 41:25 (Ges^{«GKC:75k»§ 75k}); feminine עֲשׂוּיָה Ezek 21:20 +, etc.; —

I. 1. do (1560 + t.):
a. (1) with accusative active Gen 3:14 (J) Gen 20:10 (E) + often; do right in eyes of ׳י 2Kgs 12:3; 2Kgs 14:13 +, evil 2Kgs 8:18; 2Kgs 8:27 + (compare I. עַיִן 3 c); do God's commands, statutes, etc., Deut 16:12; Deut 30:8; Num 15:39 (P); חַיִל ׳ע 1Sam 14:48 + do might, i.e. mightily, valiantly; Prov 31:39 do efficiency, i.e. efficiently; = commit (offence) Lev 20:13 (H), Deut 20:18 followed by מִן particle, וְעָשָׂה מֵאַחַת מֵהֵנָּה Lev 4:2 and shall do a single one of them (things prohibited; see מִן 3 b
(d)), compare ׳וְעָשׂוּ אַחַת מִכָּלמִֿצְוֺת י vLev 4:13 vLev 4:22; Lev 5:17 (all P); do = perform a work, with accusative of congnate meaning with verb מַעֲשֶׂה Exod 18:20; Exod 23:12 (E), also (׳י subject) Deut 11:7; Dan 9:14; Eccl 3:11 with accusative מְלָאכָה Gen 2:2 (twice in verse) (J), Exod 20:9; Exod 20:10 = Deut 9:13 (10 Words); with accusative דְּרָכֶיךָ Isa 58:13 מְלוּכָה עַל ׳ע 1Kgs 21:7 = exercise sovereignty over; of ׳י performing signs (אֹתֹת) Josh 24:17 (E), Num 14:11; Num 14:22 (JE), Deut 11:3, so Moses Exod 4:17 and (מֹפְתִים) vExod 4:21. (2) do something to one (ל person) Gen 20:9 (E), Judg 9:56 +; with עַל reflexive Jer 26:19 do evil against ourselves; especially ׳י subject, with לְ, do good to Exod 18:9 (E), 2Kgs 8:66, or evil Gen 42:28 (E); in phrase so may God do to me, etc. 1Sam 3:17; 2Kgs 6:31 + (see יסף

Hiph`il 1.). (3) do something for one (ל person) Gen 30:31; 1Kgs 11:8 +, direct object omitted 1Sam 20:4 + ל of thing Judg 21:7; Judg 21:16 what shall we do for them, for wives ? with עַל person Neh 5:19 with dativus ethicus [dative of interest] (ל) 1Sam 10:7 with לְ, of ׳י doing kindness for 1Sam 22:3 executing vengeance for Judg 11:36 (+ מִן of enemy); ׳י doing a sign (אוֺת) for Judg 6:17 (elsewhere נָתַן אוֺת לְ), compare עֲשֵׂהעִֿמִּי אוֺת לְטוֺבָה Ps 86:17. (4) do something (in relation or intercourse) wilth (אֵת person), ׳י subject Deut 1:30 all that he did with you, Deut 10:21 (compare Ps 86:17 above), human subject 2Chr 24:24 (object שְׁפָטִים), Ruth 2:11. (5) seldom with ב, usually of executing judgment upon 1Sam 28:18; Isa 48:14, more generally Esth 1:15 what shall we do with the queen ? also, subject ׳י, Ezek 25:11; Ezek 28:26; Ps 149:7; Ps 149:9; Num 33:4 (on false gods); in good sense, ׳חֲסָדִים בּ ׳ע Neh 13:14. (6) of ׳י doing the justice (מִשְׁפַּט) of any one, i.e. maintaining his cause 1Kgs 8:45; 1Kgs 8:49; Ps 9:5. (7) with adverb do thus, כֹּה, Josh 6:14 (JE), according to, כְּ Gen 6:22 (P), Gen 18:21 (J), 1Kgs 2:6 accusative as, כַּאֲשֶׁר Gen 27:19 (J); Exod 1:17 (E) +; with בְּ of manner, Judg 9:16a, Ezek 8:18; Ezek 25:15.
b. work for (ל of thing) Gen 30:30 (J); with ל person 1Sam 14:6; Ezek 29:20 (for ׳י); work in (ב) gold or other material 1Kgs 7:14; 2Chr 2:6; 2Chr 2:13; Exod 31:4; Exod 31:5; Exod 35:32 (all P); with בָּהּ (i.e. בָּעֲבֹדָה) Exod 5:9 (J) in toil; work with (עִם) God 1Sam 14:45, so probably of God's working with (אֵת) Moses and Aaron 1Sam 12:6 (usually appoint); with אֵת with (of person in whose company, in whose field Ruth 2:19 (twice in verse) (gleaning); work בְּחֵפֶץ כַּפֶּיהָ Prov 31:13 without preposition Exod 36:1; Neh 3:28.

2. deal with, with עִם, 2Chr 2:2; Dan 1:13 (כַּאֲשֶׁר accusative as); with אֵת, Ezek 20:44; Ps 109:21; Ezek 22:14; Zeph 3:19 (perhaps; Gr Now insert כָּלָה, see II 1 g), + כְּ Jer 21:2, + בְּ of manner Ezek 23:25; Ezek 23:29 with לְ person + בְּ Ezek 25:12 with בְּ person, Jer 18:23; Dan 11:7, + כְּ according to Neh 9:24; Esth 3:11.

3. often in phrase, do kindness (חֶסֶד) with: with (עִמָּדִ) עִם Gen 19:19; Gen 24:12; Gen 12:14 (J), Judg 1:24; Judg 8:35; 1Sam 15:6; 2Sam 2:5; 2Sam 10:2 = 1Chr 19:2 +; with עַל, 1Sam 20:8 (but read עִם Vrss We Dr and others); absolute, Ps 109:16 object חֶסֶד + אֱמֶת, with עִם, Josh 2:14 (JE) Judg 9:19; 2Sam 2:6 with אֵת with, Gen 24:49; Gen 32:11; Gen 47:29 (all J); with לְ, Exod 20:6 = Deut 5:10; 2Sam 22:51 = Ps 18:51 so טוֺב ׳ע, with עִם, Gen 26:29 (J), compare Judg 8:35; Judg 9:16 with אֵת with, 1Sam 24:19; 2Sam 2:6.

4. absolute act, act with effect, especially of ׳י, 1Kgs 8:32; 1Kgs 8:39; Jer 14:7; Ezek 20:9; Ezek 20:14; Ezek 20:22; Ps 22:32; Ps 37:5; Ps 52:11; Dan 9:19 of men 2Chr 31:21; Dan 8:12; Dan 8:24; Dan 11:28; Dan 11:30; Dan 11:32 with ל of person Ezek 31:11.

II. 1. make (670 + t.):
a. with object concrete, ark Gen 8:6, altar Gen 13:4, idols Judg 18:24; Judg 18:31 +, etc.
b. often of God's making (creating) Gen 3:1 (J), Gen 1:7; Gen 1:16; Gen 1:25 (P), Neh 9:6; Job 9:9; Prov 8:26; 2Chr 2:11; Ps 95:5 +; making man Ps 100:3; Ps 119:73 (made by God's hands), in the womb Job 31:15 (twice in verse); making, constituting, nation Deut 26:19; Deut 32:6; Deut 32:15 participle suffix עשֵֹׁהוּ his Maker Isa 17:7; Prov 14:31; Prov 17:5 (הָעשֹׁוֺ Job 40:19 is improbable, most read הֶעָשָׂוּי, with various interpretation of following words); עשֶֹׁךָ Isa 51:13, עשֵֹׁנִי Job 32:23 (Ginsb; vJob 32:22 van d. H. Baer), עשֵֹׁנוּ Ps 95:6 so apparently plural participle עשָֹׁ֑י Job 35:10, עשַֹׁיִךְ Isa 54:5 (Ges^{«GKC:124k»§ 124k} explanation as sg.).
c. make something, with לְ reflexive, make for thee Exod 20:4; Deut 9:12; Deut 10:1 +, for (ל) another 1Sam 2:19; 2Sam 7:11; 1Kgs 2:24 +; object מִשְׁתֶּה banquet Gen 40:20; Esth 5:4, also (no ל) Gen 29:22 (E) Judg 14:10; Esth 5:5; Esth 5:12 and (figurative, ׳י subject) Isa 25:6 with ל of thing, Deut 22:8 with ל of animal Gen 33:17 (J).
d. make a name (שֵׁם) for oneself (ל) 2Sam 7:9; 1Chr 17:8, also (no ל) 2Sam 8:13 a new heart for oneself (ל) Ezek 18:31.
e. make war with (אֶת) Gen 14:2; Josh 11:18 (D); with עִם, Deut 20:12; Deut 20:20; 1Chr 5:10; 1Chr 5:19 absolute 1Chr 22:8 with ל reflexive Prov 24:6 participle עשֵֹׁה מִלְחָמָה 2Chr 11:1; 2Chr 26:11; 2Chr 26:13 make peace, with ל person Josh 9:15 (J); אִתִּי בְרָכָה ׳ע 2Kgs 18:31 make an agreement with me. feminine with ב, ׳פֶּרֶץ בּ ׳ע Judg 21:15 ׳י brought a catastrophe upon (compare פרץ).
g. with 2 accusative, make something out of (accusative mater.) Exod 25:18; Exod 28:13; Exod 37:17; Exod 37:24; Song 3:10; Deut 10:3 +; make something into something (Ges^{«GKC:117ii»§ 117ii}) Hos 8:4; Gen 27:9; Judg 17:4; Num 11:8; Num 17:3; Ps 104:4 make something כָּלָה, i. e. utterly destroy it Nah 1:8; Zeph 1:18; Ezek 20:17; Neh 9:31 c. passive participle as 2nd accusative Exod 38:7 they made it נְבוּב לֻחֹת hollow with boards, Exod 39:9 but also with accusative + לְ, Hos 2:10 gold they made into (ל) the Baal, Judg 8:27; Exod 27:3 (P), Deut 9:14; Jer 37:15; Ezek 4:9; Isa 44:17; Isa 44:19 make something for (ל person), + מִן of material Song 3:9.

2. produce, yield: of grain, yielding meal Hos 8:7 (twice in verse), vineyard, grapes Isa 5:2 (twice in verse); Isa 5:4 (twice in verse); Isa 5:10, tree, fruit 2Kgs 19:30 = Isa 37:31; Hos 9:16; Jer 12:2; Jer 17:8; Ezek 17:23 (all figurative), Gen 1:11; Gen 1:12 (P); branches Job 14:9 and (figurative) Ezek 17:8 land, fruit Lev 25:21 compare Hab 3:17, absolute Gen 41:47 of seed Isa 5:10, vine, shoots Ezek 17:6 (figurative); of cows, yielding milk Isa 7:22 hippop. producing fat Job 15:27.

3. prepare, especially of dressing and cooking food, Gen 18:7; Gen 18:8; Judg 6:19; Judg 13:5; 1Sam 25:18 (passive), 2Sam 12:4 (twice in verse); Gen 27:14; Gen 27:17; Gen 27:31; 2Sam 13:5; 2Sam 13:7; 1Kgs 17:12; Exod 12:39 (+ ל reflexive); a bullock for sacrifice (see below) 1Kgs 18:23; 1Kgs 18:25; 1Kgs 18:26 כְּלֵי גוֺלָה Ezek 12:3 (+ ל reflexive); a chamber Neh 13:7 prepare to build (+ ל person and infinitive).

4. make offering, e.g. עוֺלָה Judg 13:16; Jer 33:18; Lev 16:24, עוֺלָה וָזֶבַח 2Kgs 5:17 (+ ל of deity), הַחַטָּאת Lev 14:19, אִשֶּׁה Num 15:3; Num 15:14, various offerings 1Kgs 8:64; Lev 9:22; Ezek 45:17; Ezek 46:2 +; + ׳לי to ׳י Lev 17:9 +; also with accusative of thing sacrificed (perhaps originally prepare or provide, see above) Ezek 43:25 (twice in verse); Ezek 46:15; Lev 14:30; Lev 15:15; Lev 15:30; Lev 16:9; Num 6:11; Num 6:17; Ps 66:15 (+ ל of deity) +; absolute = offer sacrifice Exod 10:25 (E + ׳לי), to (ל) heathen gods 2Kgs 17:32.

5. attend to, put in order: pare (the nails) Deut 21:12 wash (feet) 2Sam 19:25 trim (beard) v.2Sam 19:25 (compare French faire la barbe, German die Haare machen).

6. observe, celebrate, religious festival, e.g. passover Exod 12:48; Num 9:4; Num 9:6; Num 9:13; Josh 5:10, also (+ ׳לי) Exod 12:48; Num 9:10; Num 9:14 (all P), Deut 16:1 +; sabbath Exod 31:16; Deut 5:15 feast of weeks Deut 16:10, booths Deut 16:13, Purim Esth 9:21; Esth 9:27, etc.

7. acquire property of various kinds (compare 'make money') Gen 12:5; Gen 31:5 (J), Isa 15:7; Jer 17:11; Jer 48:36; Deut 8:18; Ezek 22:18; Ezek 28:4 (twice in verse); Ezek 38:12; 2Chr 32:29; Eccl 2:8 + ל reflexive Deut 8:17; 2Sam 15:1; 1Kgs 1:5 of fruits from vineyards, etc. Ps 107:37.

8. appoint priests 1Kgs 12:31; 1Kgs 13:33; 2Chr 2:17 (all + מִן source), a feast 1Kgs 12:32; 1Kgs 12:33 (+ ל person); ordain a sacrifice Num 28:6, a festal day Ps 118:24 institute, אוֺב וְיִדְּעֹנִי ghost and familiar spirit 2Kgs 21:6 = 2Chr 33:6 (compare Dr^{Deut 18:11}).

9. bring about, of ׳י's effecting a deliverance Exod 14:13 (לָכֶם), 1Sam 11:13; 2Sam 23:10 (insert also || 1Chr 11:13 Dr), v1Chr 11:12 cause, followed by clause with שֶׁ Eccl 3:14.

10. use, לִמְלַאכְתּוֺ ׳וְע 1Sam 8:16 passive Exod 38:24.

11. spend, pass, days of life Eccl 6:12. Niph`al₉₇ Perfect 3 masculine singular נַעֲשָׂה Judg 16:11 +; 3 feminine singular נֶעֶשְׂתָה 2Sam 17:23 +, etc.; Imperfect 3 masculine singular יֵעָשֶׂה Gen 29:26 +, 3 feminine singular with ו subordinate וְתֵעָשׂ Esth 5:6; Esth 7:2; Esth 9:12 (Ges^{«GKC:109»§ 109} f.), etc.; Infinitive construct הֵעָשׂוֺת Esth 9:1; Esth 9:14, etc., Participle נַעֲשֶׂה Neh 5:18, etc.; —

1. be done (passive of Qal I 1):
a. subject מְלָאכָה Judg 16:11 (with ב instrumental), Neh 6:16 (with מֵאֵת אֱלֹהִים ), vNeh 6:9; Exod 12:16 + 4 t.; subject omitted Ezek 44:14, indefinite Esth 4:1 with כֵּן Esth 9:14 be done, כַּתּוֺרָה Ezra 10:3 be committed, of offence, Deut 13:15; Num 15:24; Eccl 4:1 + 3 t.; with negative not (yet) done, i.e. future Isa 46:10 be accomplished, performed, fulfilled Ezek 12:35; Ezek 12:38; Dan 11:36; Esth 5:5; Esth 7:2; Esth 9:12 be executed, carried out, of sentence Eccl 8:11, decree Esth 9:1 be followed, of counsel 2Sam 17:28 nearly = occur Eccl 1:9 (twice in verse); Eccl 1:13; Eccl 9:3; Eccl 9:6, subject מַעֲשֶׂה Eccl 1:14; Eccl 2:17; Eccl 4:3; Eccl 8:9; Eccl 8:17, subject הֶבֶל vEccl 8:14, עִנְיָן vEccl 8:15.
b. Imperfect with negative, is (are) not done, not according to usage, of flagrant offences Gen 20:9 (E), Gen 29:26 (with כֵּן), Gen 34:7 (both J), 2Sam 13:12 (כֵּן); hence (P) not to be done, forbidden by ׳י Lev 4:2; Lev 4:13; Lev 4:22; Lev 4:27; Lev 5:17.
c. be done to, with ל of animal 1Sam 11:7 (כֹּה); ל person Exod 2:4 (E) Exod 21:31 (E; כַּמִּשְׁפָּט), Isa 3:11; Jer 5:13 (כֹּה), Lev 24:19 (H; כֵּן), Num 15:34 (P) + 8 t.; be done for, ל person Judg 11:37; Esth 6:3, עִם person vEsth 6:3 ל of thing Num 15:11 (כָּכָה).
d. be done upon, against (ב) Dan 9:12.

2. (passive of Qal II):
a. be made, of conr. things 1Kgs 10:20 = 2Chr 9:19 (throne), Jer 3:16 (ark), 2Kgs 12:14; Ezek 43:18; Exod 25:31; Num 4:36 (P); with accusative mat; Lev 2:7.
b. be produced from (מִן) vine Num 6:4.
c. be prepared, of food Exod 12:16; Lev 6:14; Lev 7:9 (all P), Neh 5:18 (twice in verse).
d. be offered, מִנְחָה Lev 2:8; Lev 2:11, kid Num 28:15; Num 28:24.
e. be observed, passover 2Kgs 24:22; 2Kgs 24:23 (ל of deity) = 2Chr 35:18; 2Chr 35:19 Purim Esth 9:28. feminine be used + ל of thing Lev 7:24 (P); Lev 13:51 (P) Ezek 15:5 (twice in verse). Pu`al Perfect 1 singular עֻשֵּׂיתִי Ps 139:15 I was made.

BDB6436 H6213

II. [עָשָׂה] verb Pi`el press, squeeze (Late Hebrew עִשָּׂה Pi`el compel; ᵑ7 עַסִּי Pa`el crush, gnash (teeth); compare Arabic compress a woman); — Perfect 3 plural עִשּׂוּ דַּדֵּי בְּתוּלִים Ezek 23:3; Ezek 23:8 (unchaste act); Infinitive construct בַּעֲשׂוֺתדַּ֗֗֗דַּיִךְ vEzek 23:21 read Pi`el בְּעַשּׂוֺת (Ew Co Toy, and others).

Strong's Definition H6213

do, made, done, did, make, …

ʿāśâ

to do or make, in the broadest sense and widest application

to do, fashion, accomplish, make

(Qal)

to do, work, make, produce

to do

to make

to be done

Variations 318 forms of this word

Translations 921 English renderings

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Word Parts

אֶת

Particle points to the object of the verb — leave untranslated

Dictionary form: אֵת · ate

Vowels & Accents

Hebrew Alephbet

Grammar To

Particle — Direct Object Marker

אֶת	Speech Particle Type Direct Object Marker

In English

and ×240 of ×109 him ×107 them ×73 with ×72 from ×64 you ×61 me ×54

More options

[direct object marker — untranslated] — Most common use; marks definite direct object, no English equivalent.

with — Use when אֵת expresses accompaniment or association.

from — Use when context implies source or separation.

along with — Emphasizes inclusion or togetherness in a list.

together with — Slightly more formal; stresses joint participation.

among — Use when indicating presence within a group.

Brown-Driver-Briggs (BDB)

BDB853 H853

I. אֵת, with makk. אֶתֿ, with suffix אֹתִי; אֹתְךָ, אֹתְכָה Num 22:33, אֹתָ֑ךְ, אֹתָ֑כָה Exod 29:35, feminine אֹתָךְ; אֹתוֺ etc.; 2 plural אֶתְכֶם, once אוֺתְכֶם Josh 23:15 3 masculine plural regularly אֹתָם, rarely אֶתְהֶם Gen 32:1; Exod 18:20; Num 21:3; Ezek 34:12; 1Chr 6:50, once אוֺתְהֶם Ezek 23:45 3 feminine plural, on the contrary, regularly אֶתְהֶן (13 t.), once אֹתָן Ezek 16:54 (also אוֺתְהֶן Ezek 23:47, אֹתָ֖נָה Exod 35:26, אוֺתָ֖נָה Ezek 34:21); forms with cholem also often written plene: — the mark of the accusative, prefixed as a rule only to nouns that are definite (Moabite id., Phoenician אית i.e. אִיַּת (Schröd^{p. 213 f.}); Aramaic יָת frequently in ᵑ7; Syriac very rare as mark of accusative (for which is preferred), but used often in the sense of substance οὐσία, also in that of self, e.g. per se, reapse, sibi ipsi, PS^{1640 f.}, Samaritan ; Arabic , only used with suffix, when it is desired to emphasize the pronoun, e.g. Qor 1:4 W^{AG i. § 189.} [Ethiopic uses k£y¹ similarly, Di^{§ 150 a}; but it is dubious if this is etymologically akin.] The primitive form will have been 'iwyath, originally a substantive with following genitive, Ol^{p. 432}; whether ultimately a parallel development with אוֺת sign from √ אוה is uncertain: Ol W^{AG i. § 188} Lag^{M i. 226 affirm}, Nö^{ZMG 1886, 738 doubts. In Hebrew the ground-form is} אוֺת; the forms with ¢, e being abbreviated. In post Biblical Hebrew, used in combination with another preposition: thus בְּאוֺתוֺ הַיּוֺם = Bibl. בַּיּוֺם הַהוּא, בְּאוֺתָהּ הַשָּׁעָה; or as a nomin., e.g. אוֺתוֺ הָאִישׁ = Bibl. הָאִישׁ הַהוּא).

1. As mark of the accusative prefixed to substantives defined either by the article (or כֹּל), or by a genitive or pronominal affix, or in virtue of being proper names:
a. with transitive verbs, Gen 1:1; Gen 1:16; Gen 1:29; Gen 1:30; Gen 2:11; Gen 4:1; Gen 4:2; Gen 9:3 (אֶתֿכֹּל׃) etc. Similarly אֶתמִֿי whom (in particular), Josh 24:15; 1Sam 12:3; 1Sam 28:11; Isa 6:8 and elsewhere (but never אֶתמָֿה); also with זֶה Gen 29:33; Gen 44:29; 1Sam 21:16; 1Kgs 22:27 +, זֹאת Gen 29:27; 2Sam 13:27 +, אֵלֶּה Gen 46:18; Lev 11:18; Isa 49:21 +. So pretty uniformly in prose; but in poetry את is commonly dispensed with. By the use of את with the pronominal affix, a pronoun can at once, if required, be placed in a position of emphasis; let the order of words from this point of view be carefully noticed in the following passages: Gen 7:1; Gen 24:14; Gen 37:4; Lev 10:17; Lev 11:33; Num 22:32 thee I had slain, and her I had kept alive, Deut 4:14; Deut 6:13; Deut 6:23; Deut 13:5; Judg 14:3 אוֺתָהּ קַח לִי take for me her, 1Sam 14:35; 1Sam 15:1; 1Sam 18:17; 1Sam 21:10 אִםאֹֿתָהּ תִּקַּחלְֿךָ קָ֔ח if thou wilt take that, take it, 1Kgs 1:35; 1Kgs 14:9; Isa 43:22; Isa 57:11; Jer 9:2. So הַאוֺתִי Jer 5:22; Jer 7:19. It also sometimes enables the reflexive sense to be expressed (elsewhere נַפְשָׁם) Jer 7:19; Ezek 34:2. Rarely with a substantive which is undefined (Ew^{§ 277 d 2} Ges^{«GKC:117»§ 117}, 1, R. 2), as Exod 21:28; Num 21:9; Lev 20:14; 1Sam 24:6 (but see Dr) 2Sam 4:11; 2Sam 18:18; 2Sam 23:21 or which, though definite, is without the article, Gen 21:30; 2Sam 15:16; Lev 26:5; 1Sam 9:3 (so Num 16:15) Isa 33:19; Isa 41:7; Ezek 43:10 (for further examples see Ew 1.c.)
b. with a passive verb (Ges^{«GKC:121»§ 121}. 1 Ew^{§ 295 b}) conceived as expressing neutrally the action in question, and construed accordingly with an accusative of that which is its real object: examples occur with tolerable frequency from Gen 4:18 (J) וַיִּוָּלֵד לַחֲנוֺךְ אֶתעֿירָד, Gen 17:5 (P), לֹא יִקָּרֵא עוֺד אֶתשִֿׁמְךָ אַברָם there shall not be called (=one shall not call) thy name Abram, Gen 21:5 (E), Gen 27:42; 2Sam 21:11; 1Kgs 18:13; Hos 10:6 etc., to Jer 35:18; Jer 38:4; Jer 50:20; Ezek 16:4; Ezek 16:5; Esth 2:13 (compare Dr^{JPh xi. 227 f.}): also with passive verbs of filling (Ew^{§ 281 b}), as Exod 1:7 +.
c. with neuter verbs or expressions, especially such as involve the idea of regarding, or treating, appy. by a construction κατὰ σύνεσιν (rare), Josh 22:17; 2Sam 11:25; Neh 9:32 (compare 1Sam 20:13 Dr). Once after אֵין, Hag 2:17 אֵין אֶתְכֶם אֵלַיָֽ.
d. poet. (si vera lectio), after an abstract noun used with a verbal force, Hab 3:13 (Amos 4:11; Isa 13:19; Jer 50:40 מַהְפֵּכָה exerts a verbal force, like the Arabic nom. verbi [see W^{AG i. § 196, 43}]; and Num 10:2; Ezek 17:9 לְמַסַּע, לְמַשְׂאוֺת are Aramaizing infinitives: compare Ew^{§ 239 a}).

2. את marks an accusative in other relations than that of direct object to a verb:
a. with verbs of motion (very rare) Num 13:17; Deut 1:19; Deut 2:7 (to 'walk the wilderness'); denoting the goal Judg 19:18; Ezek 21:25 (Ew^{§ 281 d, n., 282 a 1}).
b. denoting time (duration), also very rare: Exod 13:7; Lev 25:22; Deut 9:25.
c. expressing the accus. of limitation (rare): Gen 17:11; Gen 17:14; 1Kgs 15:23.

3. Chiefly in an inferior or later style, אֵת (or וְאֵת) is used irregularly, partly (α), as it would seem, to give greater definiteness (so especially וְאֵת) at the mention of a new subject (when it may sometimes be rendered as regards), or through the influence of a neighbouring verb (a construct κατὰ σύνεσιν), or by an anacoluthon, partly (β) as resuming loosely some other preposition Thus (α) Exod 1:14; Num 3:26; Num 3:46; Num 5:10 (with הָיָה: so Ezek 35:10) Num 18:21b Deut 11:2 (anacoluthon), Deut 14:13; Josh 17:11; Judg 20:44; Judg 20:46 (contr. vJudg 20:25 vJudg 20:35) 1Sam 17:34 (see Dr) 1Sam 26:16; 2Sam 21:22; 2Kgs 6:5; Isa 53:8 (probably), Isa 57:12; Jer 23:33 (but read rather with ᵐ5 ᵑ9 אַתֶּם הַמַּשָּׂא) Jer 27:8; Jer 36:22; Jer 38:16 Kt, Jer 45:4 b Ezek 16:22; Ezek 17:21; Ezek 20:16; Ezek 29:4 b Ezek 43:7 (ᵐ5 Co prefix הֲרָאִיתָ) Ezek 44:3; Zech 8:17; Eccl 4:3; Dan 9:13; Neh 9:19; Neh 9:34; 1Chr 2:9; 2Chr 31:17. In 1Sam 30:23; Hag 2:5 probably some such word as remember is to be understood. (β) Jer 38:9; Ezek 14:22 b Ezek 37:19 b Zech 12:10 סָבִיב אֵת 1Kgs 6:5; Ezek 43:17 strangely (in 1 Kings ᵐ5 omits the clause: so Sta^{ZAW 1883, 135}). — In 1Kgs 11:1 וְ is merely and also, and especially (see וְ); v1Kgs 11:25 is corrupt (read with ᵐ5 זֹאת הָרָעָה אֲשֶׁר עָשָׂה הֲדָד); Ezek 47:17; Ezek 47:18; Ezek 47:19 read similarly for ואת, זֹאת: see vEzek 47:20. — For some particulars as to the use of את, see A. M. Wilson^{Hebraica. vi. 139 ff. 212 ff.} (who, however, confuses it sometimes with II. אֵת). For denoting the pronominal object of a verb, את with suffix preponderates relatively much above the verbal affix in P, as compared with J E Deuteronomy Judges Samuel Kings (see Gie^{ZAW 1881, 258 f.}), — partly, probably, on account of the greater distinctness and precision which P loves.

BDB9600 H853 H3487

יָת mark of accusative (= Biblical Hebrew I. אֵת; Palmyrene ית; Zinjirli^{Had. 28} with suffix ותה; Nabataean, Palmyrene with suffix יתה (Lzb²⁶³ Cooke¹⁷⁰; compare RÉS⁴⁶⁸); ᵑ7 Samaritan יָת; Syriac (rare)); — Dan 3:12 דִּי מַנִּיתָ יָָֽתְהוֺן whom thou hast appointed.

Strong's Definition H853

with, from, of, and, by, …

ʾēt

properly, self (but generally used to point out more definitely the object of a verb or preposition, even or namely)

sign of the definite direct object, not translated in English but generally preceding and indicating the accusative

Variations 74 forms of this word

Translations 343 English renderings

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Word Parts

הָ ֽאֵפֹ֑ד

הָ

Prefix — article the

ֽאֵפֹ֑ד

Root word ephod

Dictionary form: אֵפוֹד · ay-PODE

Vowels & Accents

Hebrew Alephbet

Grammar Td/Ncmsa

Noun — Common, masculine singular, absolute state

הָ	Speech Particle Type Definite Article
אֵפֹד	Speech Noun Type Common Gender Masculine Number Singular State Absolute

In English

In the KJV here: the ephod

of the ephod ×21 the ephod ×11 an ephod ×6 ephod ×3 and the ephod ×2 for the ephod ×2 also had upon him an ephod ×1 and an ephod ×1

More options

ephod — Standard scholarly/liturgical term; widely recognized in translations.

priestly vest — Accessible modern gloss for general audiences.

sacred vestment — Emphasizes ritual holiness; suits formal or devotional contexts.

ritual apron — Highlights the garment's apron-like form; good for descriptive passages.

priestly garment — Broad and readable; useful when specific form is less important.

Brown-Driver-Briggs (BDB)

BDB652 H646

אֵפוֺד (28 t.) & אֵפֹד (20 t.) noun masculine^{Exod 28:7} ephod (Ethiopic compare Aramaic id. (on meaning see Lag^l.c.), perhaps also Assyrian pid, pittu Zim^{BP 39}; on form see Ges^{«GKC:84a»§ 84a} 12. R. but Lag^l.c. compares , & thinks אֵפוֺד shortened from ׳חֵשֶׁב הָא 'robe of approach' to God) — ׳א absolute Exod 25:7 +; construct 1Sam 2:18 +; —

1. ephod, priestly garment, shoulder-cape or mantle;
a. as worn by ordinary priest made of white stuff (בַּד) 1Sam 22:18 ׳נֹשֵׂא א compare 2; so Samuel as a temple-servant 1Sam 2:8 ׳חָגוּר א girt with an eph.; so David when dancing before ark 2Sam 6:14 (id.) 1Chr 15:27 ׳וְעַל דוד א;
b. as prescribed in P for high priest, more costly, woven of gold, blue, purple, scarlet, & linen (? שֵׁשׁ)threads, provided with shoulder-pieces & breast-piece of like material, ornamented with gems and gold, Exod 25:7; Exod 28:4; Exod 28:6; Exod 28:12; Exod 28:15; Exod 29:5; Exod 35:9; Exod 35:27 + 17 t. , also Lev 8:7 compare probably 1Sam 2:28 (׳נֹשֵׂא א) 1Sam 14:3; 1Sam 21:10 (see below 2); ׳חֵשֶׁב הָא Exod 28:27; Exod 28:28; Exod 29:5; Exod 39:20; Exod 39:21; Lev 8:7 ׳מְעִיל הָא Lev 29:5; Lev 39:22 (compare Lev 8:7); with verb עַלֿ ׳נָתַן אֶתהָֿא put the ephod on Aaron Lev 8:7.

2. ephod used in consulting ׳י 1Sam 23:6 ׳א borne in hand (read בְּיָדוֺ ׳יָרַד וְהָא ᵐ5 We Dr) v1Sam 23:9; 1Sam 30:7 (twice in verse) (all with חִגִּישׁ) + 1Sam 14:18 (הגישׁ) & v1Sam 14:18, in both read ׳הָא for ארון & v1Sam 14:18 also נֹשֵׂא ᵐ5 Klo Dr;
a. according to Thes MV Di Exod 28:6 and elsewhere properly below 1 b; consultation of ׳י in that case by Urim & Thummim in the breast-piece attached to the ephod (compare Exod 28:28-30 & see אוּרִים); if so, in view of נשׂא 1Sam 2:28; 1Sam 14:3; 1Sam 14:18 (compare above), not used elsewhere = wear except 1Sam 22:18, & of 1Sam 23:6, the word might be used by metonymy for the breast-piece itself;
b. others, e.g. Sta^{Geschichte i. 466, 471} Bu^{RS 115} and others, think of an image representing ׳י; compare following.

3. a. ephod of gold made by Gideon Judg 8:27 for a local sanctuary, by which Israel was ensnared; = 2 b according to ᵑ6 Thes ('sine controversia') Stu and others + Sta Bu 1.c.; originally = gold sheathing of an image (compare etymology above & Isa 30:22 below אֲפֻדָּה); MV Be Kö^{Hauptprobleme 59} think of garment, as below 1 see above
b. made (material not given) for a private, local sanctuary Judg 17:5; Judg 18:14; Judg 18:17; Judg 18:18; Judg 18:20 (|| פֶּסֶל, מַסֵּכָה, תְּרָפִים in all, for ᵐ5 gives מַסֵּכָה vJudg 18:20, omitted by HCT); compare Hos 3:4 Israel shall abide without king, prince, sacrifice, pillar, ephod or teraphim; according to Thes and others + Sta Bu l.c. = 2 b; Stu Be Ry and others regard as below 1; in view of distinction from פסל, מסכה & תרפים it seems more likely that this is not an image, but some means of consulting deity, perhaps in imitation of Urim & Thummim.

Strong's Definition H646

ephod

ʾēpôd

a girdle; specifically the ephod or highpriest's shoulder-piece; also generally, an image

ephod

priestly garment, shoulder-cape or mantle, outer garment

worn by an ordinary priest and made of white stuff

Variations 11 forms of this word

Translations 10 English renderings

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Word Parts

זָהָ֗ב

Root word gold, golden, weather

Dictionary form: זָהָב · dzaw-HAWB

Vowels & Accents

Hebrew Alephbet

Grammar Ncmsa

Noun — Common, masculine singular, absolute state

זָהָב

Speech Noun Type Common Gender Masculine Number Singular State Absolute

In English

In the KJV here: of gold

of gold ×117 gold ×69 and gold ×29 and the gold ×15 with gold ×15 golden ×14 the gold ×13 the golden ×11

More options

gold — Default choice; works as noun in most contexts.

golden — Use as adjective when modifying a noun.

made of gold — Clarifies material when construction is ambiguous.

gold plating — Use when context implies a surface coating or overlay.

pure gold — Emphasizes quality or purity in cultic/royal contexts.

Brown-Driver-Briggs (BDB)

BDB2294 H2091

זָהָב₃₈₅noun masculine^{Gen 2:12} gold (Late Hebrew id.; Arabic Sabean דֿהב e.g. Os²⁹ DHM^{ZMG 1883, 338}; Aramaic דְּהַב, , Palmyrene דהבא Vog^{No. 23}) — ׳ז absolute Gen 2:11 + 364 t.; construct Gen 2:12 + 6 t.; suffix זְהָבִי 1Kgs 20:7 + 2 t.; זְהָֽבְךָ 1Kgs 20:3; 1Kgs 20:5 זְהָבֶ֑ךָ Isa 30:22 זְהָבוֺ Isa 2:20; Isa 31:7 זְהָבָם Hos 8:4 + 4 t.; — gold,

1. = gold-ore, gold in a raw state, Gen 2:11; Gen 2:12; Jer 10:9; Prov 17:3; Prov 27:21; Job 28:1 +; perhaps also 1Kgs 9:28; 1Kgs 10:11; 1Kgs 22:49 etc.; compare ׳עַפְרֹת ז Job 28:6 gold-dust; see also Zech 13:9 (simile of tried people ׳י) and compare Mal 3:3 likewise Job 23:10 (simile of Job's purity, as shewn by divine tests); מִצָּפוֺן זָהָב Job 37:22 is dubious

**read perhaps זֹהַר Du and Dr; Ew De and others out of the North comes gold; others, however, golden light, brightness, of sun after clouds dispersed by north wind, ᵐ5 Rabb Da and others; or golden splendour of God coming from north Bö^{Ä 76} Hi and others; Siegf conjecture יהוה for זהב

2. gold as wealth Gen 13:2 (J; + מִקְנֶה, כֶּסֶף) Gen 24:34 (J; + צאֹן, בָּקָר, כֶּסֶף, עֲבָדִם, שְׁפָחֹת, גְּמַלִּים, חֲמֹרִים) compare Hos 2:8; Isa 2:7; Deut 8:13; Deut 17:17; Job 3:15; Job 31:24; Zech 14:14; Ezra 1:4; Ezra 1:6 +; in general, as precious: נִבְחָר שֵׁם מֵעשֶׁר רָ֑ב מִכֶּסֶף וּמִזָּהָב חֵן טוֺב Prov 22:1 to be chosen is a name more than great riches, and good favour more than silver and than gold; Job 28:17 (of wisdom) gold and glass do not equal it; Ps 19:10 (ordinances of ׳י) which are more to be desired than gold; compare Ps 119:72; Ps 119:127; also metaphor of princes and chief men of Zion Lam 4:1 (compare vLam 4:2).

3. gold as spoil of war Josh 6:19 (+ כֶּסֶף, כְּלֵינְֿחשֶׁת, בַּרְזֶל) so vJosh 6:24, compare Josh 7:21; Josh 7:24; Josh 22:8; 2Kgs 7:8 +.

4. gold as merchandise Ezek 27:22 (+ אֶבֶן יְקָרָה, ראֹשׁ כָּלבּֿשֶֹׁם), compare also gold from Ophir 1Kgs 9:28 etc. (see below 7 below)

5. gold as costly gift: to a prophet ׳מְלֹא בֵּיתוֺ כֶּסֶף וְז (hypothet.), Num 22:18; Num 24:13 (both E); brought by queen of Sheba to Solomon 1Kgs 10:2; 1Kgs 10:10 (both + אֶבֶן יְקָרָה and בְּשָׂמִים) = 2Chr 9:1; 2Chr 9:9 as tribute 2Kgs 23:35 (twice in verse) (compare v2Kgs 23:33 all + כֶּסֶף); as satisfaction for murder 2Sam 21:4 (+ כֶּסֶף).

6. gold as material: of (nose- or ear-) ring, נֶזֶם Gen 24:22; Exod 32:2; Exod 32:3; Judg 8:24; Judg 8:25; Prov 11:22; Prov 25:12; Job 42:11 of chain Gen 41:42, shields 2Sam 8:7, images of emerods 1Sam 6:4; 1Sam 6:17 and mice v1Sam 6:4 v1Sam 6:11 v1Sam 6:18 בְּמַשְׂכִּיּוֺת כֶּסֶף ׳תַּפּוּחֵי ז Prov 25:11 ׳גֻּלַּת ז Exod 12:6 ׳כְּלֵיזֿ Exod 3:22; Exod 11:2; Exod 12:35; 1Sam 6:8; Ps 105:37 etc.; כְּלֵיכֶֿסֶף וּכְלֵי זָהָב Gen 24:53 as presents to a bride (+ בְּגָדִים); so of presents to secure king's favour 2Sam 8:10 (+ כְּלֵי נְחשֶׁת), and in list of yearly gifts or tribute to Solomon 1Kgs 10:25 = 2Chr 9:24 as material of idols אֱלֹהֵי ׳כֶסֶף וֵאלֹהֵי ז Exod 20:23 compare Exod 32:31; Hos 8:4; Isa 2:20; Isa 30:22; Isa 31:7; Deut 29:16; Ps 115:4; Ps 135:15 as plating of idols Deut 7:25 especially as material of the furnishings of Solomon's temple, or (oftener) the platings of temple, or parts thereof, or of its furnishings 1Kgs 6:20; 1Kgs 6:21 (3 t. in verse); 1Kgs 6:22 (twice in verse); 1Kgs 6:28; 1Kgs 7:48 + 10 t. 1Kgs 6:7 also 2Chr 3:5 (twice in verse); 2Chr 3:6 + 14 t. 2Chr 3:4 cf 1Chr 28:14 (twice in verse) + 14 t. 1Chr 28:29 (David's preparation for temple); see also 2Kgs 24:13 compare 2Kgs 14:14 = 2Chr 25:24; 2Kgs 25:15 = Jer 52:19 (in accounts of plundering temple etc.); but more often still of furnishing and utensils of tabernacle, insignia of high-priest etc., Exod 25:3; Exod 25:11; Exod 25:24 + 97 t. Ex 25-40, Lev 8:9; Num 4:11; Num 8:4 (in case of large objects frequently of plating or sheathing, compare 12 c below) Note the expressions ליהוה ׳תְּנוּפַת ז Exod 35:22 a wave-offering of gold, זְהַב הַתְּנוּפָה Exod 38:24 also זְהַב הַתְּרוּמָה Num 31:52 (all P) compare Ezra 8:25, and (of offering to heathen god) יְכַבֵּד בְּזָהָב Dan 11:38.

7. gold described by its source, especially gold from Ophir (compare Glass: Skizze ii. 357 ff. 368) 1Kgs 9:28; 1Kgs 10:11; 1Kgs 22:49; 1Chr 29:4; 2Chr 8:18; 2Chr 9:10 so perh Jer 10:9 (read אוֺפִיר for אוּפַז Ew Klo and others); זְהַב שְׁבָא Ps 72:15 on פַּרְוָ֑יִם ׳ז 2Chr 3:6 see פרוים; compare further Gen 2:11; Gen 2:12.

8. gold defined by var. adjective and pts.: שָׁחוּט ׳ז beaten gold (see שָׁחַט) 1Kgs 10:16; 1Kgs 10:17 = 2Chr 9:15 (twice in verse); 2Chr 9:16 סָגוּר ׳ז 1Kgs 6:20; 1Kgs 6:21 also 1Kgs 7:49; 1Kgs 7:50; 1Kgs 10:21 = 2Chr 4:20; 2Chr 4:22; 2Chr 9:21 (on meaning see סָגַר); especially (but only P & Chronicles) טָהוֺר ׳ז pure gold Exod 25:11; Exod 25:17; Exod 25:24 + 21 t. Exod 25. 28. 30. 37. 39 (of equipments of tabernacle and high priest's insignia), 1Chr 28:17; 2Chr 3:4; 2Chr 9:17 compare טוֺב ׳ז 2Chr 3:5; 2Chr 3:8 on מוּפָז ׳ז 1Kgs 10:18, AV best gold, compare אוּפָז, פָּזַז.

9. ׳ז as measure of weight and value:
a. = gold-shekel, מִשְׁקָלָם ׳עֲשָׂרָה ז Gen 24:22 ׳כַּף אַחַת עֲשָׂרָה ז Num 7:14 + 11 t. Num 7 אֶלֶף ׳וּשְׁבַעמֵֿאוֺת ז Judg 8:26, compare 1Kgs 10:16; 2Kgs 5:5; 2Chr 9:15; 2Chr 9:16 וָכָ֑סֶף ׳אַלְפֵי ז Ps 119:72 compare further Josh 7:21 but also (only Chronicles) שֶׁקֶל expressed: מִשְׁקַל ׳שִׁקְלֵי ז שֵׁשׁ מֵאוֺת 1Chr 21:25 (50 shekels of silver in || 2Sam 24:24); ׳וּמִשְׁקָל לְמִסְמְרוֺת לִשְׁקָלִים חֲמִשִּׁים ז 2Chr 3:9.
b. ׳שְׁלשֶׁת מָנִים ז 1Kgs 10:17 three minas of gold (see מָנֶה).
c. ׳כִּכַּר ז talent of gold 2Sam 12:30; 1Kgs 9:14 + (see כִּכָּר).
d. זָהָב דַּרְכְּמוֺנִים שֵׁשׁרִֿבּאֹוֺת וָאֶלֶף Ezra 2:69 compare Neh 7:69; Neh 7:70; Neh 7:71 also עֶשְׂרִים לַאֲדַרְכֹּנִים אָ֑לָף ׳וּכְפֹרֵי ז Ezra 8:27 (see דַּרְכְּמוֺן); — with the above should perhaps be compared מִכִּיס ׳הַזָּלִים ז Isa 46:6 i.e. the gold used in making the god was the coin carried in the bag.

10. ׳ז = golden oil, from colour, Zech 4:12.

11. ׳ז often named with כֶּסֶף, and then, in earlier and sometimes in later writings, follows it: בַּכֶּסֶף וּבַזָּהָב Gen 13:2 (J), compare Gen 24:35; Gen 24:53; Gen 44:8 (all J) Exod 3:22; Exod 11:2; Exod 12:35; Num 22:18; Num 24:13 (all E), Josh 6:19; Josh 6:24 (JE), Deut 7:25; Deut 17:17; Deut 29:16; 2Sam 8:11; 2Sam 21:4; 1Kgs 7:51; 1Kgs 15:15; 1Kgs 15:18; 1Kgs 15:19; 2Kgs 7:8; 2Kgs 16:8; 2Kgs 18:14; 2Kgs 20:13; 2Kgs 23:33; 2Kgs 23:35 (twice in verse); Hos 2:10; Hos 8:4; Hos 60:9; Hos 38:13; Joel 4:5, Prov 22:1; Ps 105:37; Ps 115:4; Ps 135:15; 2Chr 1:15; 2Chr 5:1; Ezra 1:4; Ezra 8:25; Dan 11:8; Eccl 2:8 +; in later writings ׳ז often precedes Ezek 28:4; Zech 14:14; Mal 3:3; 1Chr 18:10; 1Chr 22:14; 1Chr 22:16; 1Chr 28:15; 1Chr 28:16; 1Chr 29:3; 1Chr 29:4; 1Chr 29:5; 1Chr 29:7; 2Chr 9:14; 2Chr 9:21; 2Chr 24:14; 2Chr 25:24; Ezra 1:11; Ps 119:72; Song 1:11; Dan 11:38 +, and so in P, Exod 25:3; Exod 31:4; Exod 35:5; Exod 35:32; Num 31:32 yet also as early as Hab 2:19; 1Kgs 10:22; 2Kgs 25:15.

12. the chief verbs used with ׳ז are:
a. עָשָׂה make of (c. 2 accusative) 1Kgs 7:48 (compare v1Kgs 7:49 v1Kgs 7:49 v1Kgs 7:50 v1Kgs 7:50) 1Kgs 10:16; 1Kgs 12:28; 1Kgs 14:26; 2Chr 4:7; 2Chr 4:8; 2Chr 4:19; 2Chr 12:9; 2Chr 13:8, and especially in P (tabernacle) Exod 25:11; Exod 25:17; Exod 25:18 + 35 t. Ex 25-39; also followed by בְּ work in gold, וּבַכֶּסֶף וּבַנְּחשֶׁת ׳לַעֲשׂוֺת בַּזּ Exod 31:4; Exod 35:32, also (+ בַּבַּרְזֶל, etc.), 2Chr 2:6; 2Chr 2:13
b. יָצַק (object ׳טַבְּעֹת ז) Exod 25:12; Exod 37:3; Exod 37:13 (all P);
c. צִפָּה overlay with (c. 2 accusative) 1Kgs 6:20; 1Kgs 6:21 (twice in verse); 1Kgs 6:22; 1Kgs 6:28; 1Kgs 6:30; 1Kgs 6:32; 1Kgs 6:35 (1Kgs 6:32 v1Kgs 6:35 one accusative omitted), 1Kgs 10:18; 2Chr 3:4; 2Chr 3:10; 2Chr 9:17, and especially P (tabernacle) Exod 25:11; Exod 25:13; Exod 25:24; Exod 25:28 + 15 t. Ex 26-37; in same sense
d. ׳וַיְחַפֵּהוּ ז 2Chr 3:5 compare v2Chr 3:7 v2Chr 3:8 v2Chr 3:9, and
e. וָכֶסֶף ׳תָּפוּשׂ ז Hab 2:19 encased in gold and silver; also feminine יְרַקְּעֶנּוּ ׳בַּזּ Isa 40:19
g. רדד Hiph`il, ׳וַיָּ֫רֶב עַלהַֿכְּרוּבִים וְעַלהַֿתִּמֹּרוֺת אֶתהַֿזּ 1Kgs 6:32 and he spread upon the cherubim and upon the palm-trees the gold; further
h. בָּחַן try, Zech 13:9 compare
i. זִקַּק Mal 3:3. — On דִּי זָהָב, proper name; on מֵי זָהָב proper name see below מַיִם.

BDB9429 H1722 H2091

דָּהָב₂₃ noun masculine^{Dan 2:32} gold (so ᵑ7 Syriac; Biblical Hebrew זָהָב); — absolute ׳ד Dan 2:32 +, דְּהַ֑ב Ezra 7:15 emphatic דַּהֲבָה Ezra 5:14; Ezra 6:5; Ezra 7:18, בָא- Dan 2:35 + 15 t. Daniel.

Strong's Definition H2091

gold, golden, weather

zāhāb

gold, figuratively, something gold-colored (i.e., yellow), as oil, a clear sky

gold

as precious metal

Variations 31 forms of this word

Translations 68 English renderings

Gold Money

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Word Parts

תְּכֵ֧לֶת

Root word blue

Dictionary form: תְּכֵלֶת · teh-kay-LET

Vowels & Accents

Hebrew Alephbet

Grammar Ncfsa

Noun — Common, feminine singular, absolute state

תְּכֵלֶת

Speech Noun Type Common Gender Feminine Number Singular State Absolute

In English

In the KJV here: blue

of blue ×27 and blue ×8 blue ×6 in blue ×3 the blue ×2 a blue ×1 of things in blue ×1 with blue ×1

More options

blue — Most natural modern default; fits nearly all contexts.

violet-blue — Reflects the purple-tinged shade many scholars identify.

deep blue — Emphasizes the rich, dark hue of the dye.

blue-purple — Highlights overlap with purple in ancient color terms.

azure — Poetic register; use sparingly in literary translations.

Brown-Driver-Briggs (BDB)

BDB9152 H8504

תְּכֵ֫לֶת₄₈ noun feminine violet, i.e. violet thread and stuff; ᵐ5 usually υἄκινθος, υἀκίθινος; see Thatcher^{Hast. DB COLOURS} (Late Hebrew = Biblical Hebrew; ᵑ7 תִּכְלָא); —

1. violet thread (spun, Exod 35:25 woven, Exod 39:3):
a. in Exodus (P) of hangings of tabernacle, ephod, etc., ׳ת + אַרְגָּמָן, תּוֺלַעַת שָׁנִי (q. v.; often also שֵׁשׁ, זהב), Exod 25:4; Exod 26:1; Exod 28:5; Exod 28:6; Exod 28:33; Exod 35:25 + 20 t.; of temple hangings (+ אַרְגָּמָן, אַרְגְּוָן, כַּרְמִיל, בּוּץ) 2Chr 2:6; 2Chr 2:13; 2Chr 2:14 loops or cords of ׳ת (alone) Exod 26:4; Exod 28:28; Exod 28:31; Exod 28:37; Exod 36:11; Exod 39:21; Exod 39:22; Exod 39:31; Num 15:38 (all P).
b. palace hangings in Shushan + חוּר Esth 1:6.

2. violet stuff, fabric.; ׳לְבוּשֵׁי ת Ezek 23:6, ׳גְּלוֺמֵי ת וְרִקְמָה Ezek 27:24 וְאַרְגָּמָן לְבוּשָׁם ׳ת Jer 10:9 also in trade Ezek 27:7 (+ אַרְגָּמָן, שֵׁשׁ בְּרִקְמָה), compare ׳בֶּגֶד ת for covering sacred utensils Num 4:6; Num 4:7; Num 4:9; Num 4:11; Num 4:12 (P).

Strong's Definition H8504

blue

tĕkēlet

the cerulean mussel, i.e., the color (violet) obtained therefrom or stuff dyed therewith

violet, violet stuff

violet thread

Variations 6 forms of this word

Translations 8 English renderings

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Word Parts

וְ אַרְגָּמָ֛ן

וְ

Prefix — connector and (sometimes: but, so, then)

אַרְגָּמָ֛ן

Root word purple

Dictionary form: אַרְגָּמָן · ar-ɡaw-MAWN

Vowels & Accents

Hebrew Alephbet

Grammar C/Ncmsa

Noun — Common, masculine singular, absolute state

וְ	Speech Conjunction
אַרְגָּמָן	Speech Noun Type Common Gender Masculine Number Singular State Absolute

In English

In the KJV here: and purple

and purple ×26 and of purple ×4 and in purple ×2 a purple ×1 in purple ×1 like purple ×1 of it of purple ×1 purple ×1

More options

purple — Modernized from KJV; the standard, most versatile rendering.

crimson-purple — Highlights the red-violet hue of ancient dye.

violet — Emphasizes the blue-purple end of the color spectrum.

royal purple — Signals prestige and high status; good for royal/temple contexts.

purple fabric — Use when the textile itself, not just the color, is meant.

purple dye — Use when the pigment or dyeing process is in view.

Brown-Driver-Briggs (BDB)

BDB721 H713

אַרְגָּמָן noun [masculine] purple, red-purple, i.e. purple thread & cloth (Assyrian argamannu COT Exod 25:4, Arabic , Aramaic , compare אַרְגְּוָן above; etymology dubious; possibly Sanskrit râgaman, adjective red, reddish, from râga, red colour, so Benary compare Thes Add¹¹¹ Rob-Ges; see MV; Thes earlier, from רגם; but probably loan-word, compare also Lag^{BN 205}; Persian is also cited by PS) — form always as above —

1. purple thread, compare especially Exod 35:25; Exod 39:3; Esth 1:6
a. mostly Exodus (P) with reference to the hangings of tabernacle, the ephod, etc.; seldom alone; with תְּכֵלֶת, violet (q. v.), תּוֺלַעַת שָׁנִי, (מָשְׁזָב) שֵׁשׁ, (also עִזִּים) Exod 25:4; Exod 26:1; Exod 26:31; Exod 26:36; Exod 27:16; Exod 35:8; Exod 35:25; Exod 35:35; Exod 36:8; Exod 36:35; Exod 36:37; Exod 38:18; Exod 38:23; Exod 39:24 (on text see Di) vExod 39:29 with these + זָהָב Exod 28:5; Exod 28:6; Exod 28:8; Exod 28:15; Exod 39:2; Exod 39:3; Exod 39:5; Exod 39:8 omitted ׳שֵׁשׁ מ Exod 28:33; Exod 39:1 also of temple-hangings, with תְּכֵלֶת, בּוּץ & כַּרְמִיל 2Chr 3:14 compare 2Chr 2:13 (see also 2Chr 2:6 see below אַרְגְּוָן).
b. as indicating wealth & luxury of Tyre, c. שֵׁשׁ, רִקְמָה, תְּכֵלֶת Ezek 27:7 with רִקְמָה & בּוּץ vEzek 27:16 (as articles of commerce); also in Persia, with בּוּץ Esth 1:6.

2. purple cloth, chiefly of garments, ׳בֶּגֶד א Num 4:13; Judg 8:26 ׳וְתַכְרִיךְ בּוּץ וְא Esth 8:15, לְבוּשָׁהּ ׳שֵׁשׁ וְא Prov 31:22 לְבוּשָׁם ׳תְּכֵלָת וְא Jer 10:9 also ׳מֶרְכָּבוֺ א Song 3:10 in simile, of woman's hair Song 7:6.

BDB9336 H710 H711 H713

[אַרְגְּוָן] noun masculine purple, red-purple (Biblical Hebrew id., אַרְגָּמָן); — emphatic אַרְגְּוָנָא Dan 5:7; Dan 5:17; Dan 5:29.

Strong's Definition H713

purple

ʾargāmān

purple (the color or the dyed stuff)

purple, red-purple

Variations 8 forms of this word

Translations 9 English renderings

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Word Parts

וְ תוֹלַ֥עַת

וְ

Prefix — connector and (sometimes: but, so, then)

תוֹלַ֥עַת

Root word scarlet, worm, worms, crimson

Dictionary form: תּוֹלָע · toh-LAW

Vowels & Accents

Hebrew Alephbet

Grammar C/Ncfsc

Noun — Common, feminine singular, construct state "___ of …" — bound to the next word

וְ	Speech Conjunction
תוֹלַעַת	Speech Noun Type Common Gender Feminine Number Singular State Construct

In English

In the KJV here: and scarlet

and scarlet ×4 a worm ×1 am a worm ×1 like crimson ×1 of scarlet ×1 scarlet ×1 the worms ×1 thee and the worms ×1

More options

scarlet — Best for color contexts; most recognizable modern rendering.

crimson — Richer, deeper red; suits poetic or vivid passages.

worm — Biological sense; prefer in shame, mortality, or plague contexts.

scarlet dye — Clarifies the dye-source meaning when material craft is in view.

maggot — More visceral than 'worm'; suits decay or judgment imagery.

grub — Technical; highlights the insect larva that produces the red dye.

Brown-Driver-Briggs (BDB)

BDB9176 H8438

I. תּוֺלָע noun [masculine] worm, scarlet stuff (dyed with the coccus ilicis, see שָׁנִי Thatcher^{Hast. DB COLOURS}); —

1. worm, only plural תּוֺלָעִים in stale manna Exod 16:20 (P).

2. scarlet stuff, absolute singular תּוֺלָ Isa 1:18 (in sim || שָׁנִים; opposed to צֶמֶר); token of luxury Lam 4:5.

BDB9179 H8438

תּוֺלֵעָה, תּוֺלַ֫עַת₄₀ noun feminine worm; — absolute תּוֺלֵעָה Isa 14:11; Job 25:6 תּוֺלַעַת Isa 41:14 +, תּוֺלָ֑עַת Deut 28:39; Num 19:6 construct תּוֺלַ֫עַת Exod 25:4 +; suffix תּוֺלַעְתָּם Isa 66:24 —

1. worm, grub, vine-weevil Jonah 4:7; Deut 28:39 (collective); devouring the dead Isa 14:11 (collective: || רִמָּה), Isa 66:24 (collective) symbol of insignificance Isa 41:14; Job 25:6 (|| רִמָּה), Ps 22:7.

2. elsewhere (P) specif + שָׁנִי (q. v.), of the coccus ilicis yielding scarlet colour: ׳שְׁנִי (הַ)תּ Lev 14:4; Lev 14:6; Lev 14:49; Lev 14:51; Lev 14:52; Num 19:6 of crimson stuff שָׁנִי ׳בֶּגֶד ת Num 4:8 usually תְּכֵלָת וְאַרְגָּמָן ׳(הַ)שָּׁנִי וגו ׳שְׁנִ Exod 25:4; Exod 26:1 + 24 t. Exodus.

Strong's Definition H8438

scarlet, worm, worms, crimson

tôlāʿ

a maggot (as voracious); specifically (often with ellipsis of H8144) the crimson-grub, but used only (in this connection) of the color from it, and cloths dyed therewith

worm, scarlet stuff, crimson

worm—the female ___%___coccus ilicis___%___ (Kermes ilicis)

the dye made from the dried body of the female of the worm ___%___coccus ilicis___%___ (Kermes ilicis)

worm, grub

Variations 15 forms of this word

Translations 12 English renderings

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Word Parts

שָׁנִ֖י

Root word scarlet, thread, crimson

Dictionary form: שָׁנִי · shaw-NEE

Vowels & Accents

Hebrew Alephbet

Grammar Ncmsa

Noun — Common, masculine singular, absolute state

שָׁנִי

Speech Noun Type Common Gender Masculine Number Singular State Absolute

In English

and scarlet ×18 of scarlet ×4 and of scarlet ×2 and the scarlet ×2 the scarlet ×2 a scarlet thread ×1 and in scarlet ×1 and with the scarlet ×1

More options

scarlet — Most natural modern default; vivid red dye or color.

crimson — Slightly deeper red; good for poetic or solemn contexts.

scarlet yarn — Preferred when the physical thread or fiber is in view.

scarlet cloth — Use when a woven textile, not raw thread, is implied.

scarlet dye — Emphasizes the coloring substance rather than the material.

bright red — Plain descriptive option for audiences unfamiliar with 'scarlet'.

Brown-Driver-Briggs (BDB)

BDB8884 H8144

שָׁנִי₄₂ noun [masculine] scarlet (properly coccus ilicis, which attaches itself to leaves and twigs of quercus coccifera; the dried body of female yields colouring matter; compare Tristr^{NHB 319} Post^{Hast. DB SCARLET} M'Lean^{Ency. Bib. id}.); — usually ׳תִּקְוַת שָׁ הַזֶּה ׳חוּט הַשּׁ Josh 2:18 this cord of thread of scarlet, ׳הַשּׁ ׳ת vJosh 2:21, ׳חוּט הַשּׁ Song 4:3 (simile of lips); so ׳(הַ)שּׁ alone Gen 38:28; Gen 38:30 (J), and as material of clothing 2Sam 1:24; Jer 4:30; Prov 31:21 (plural שָׁנִים; on order of ll. see Toy); plural also in simile Isa 1:18 if your sins are like scarlet (robes); elsewhere (P) ׳תּוֺלַעַת (הַ)שּׁ (see ׳ת) of material for curtain, veil, ephod, etc., Exod 25:4; Exod 26:1 + 24 t. Exodus; ׳שׁ ׳בֶּגֶד ת Num 4:3 (see II. ׳ב 2); construct ׳שְׁנִי (הַ)תּ used in purification, Lev 14:4; Lev 14:6; Lev 14:49; Lev 14:51; Lev 14:52; Num 19:6.

Strong's Definition H8144

scarlet, thread, crimson

šānî

crimson, properly, the insect or its color, also stuff dyed with it

scarlet, crimson

properly, the insect 'coccus ilicis', the dried body of the female yielding coloring matter from which is made the dye used for cloth to color it scarlet or crimson

Variations 7 forms of this word

Translations 14 English renderings

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Word Parts

וְ שֵׁ֥שׁ

וְ

Prefix — connector and (sometimes: but, so, then)

שֵׁ֥שׁ

Root word linen, marble, silk, blue

Dictionary form: שֵׁשׁ · shaysh

Vowels & Accents

Hebrew Alephbet

Grammar C/Acfsa

Adjective — Cardinal Number, feminine singular, absolute state a number (one, two, three, …)

וְ	Speech Conjunction
שֵׁשׁ	Speech Adjective Type Cardinal Number Gender Feminine Number Singular State Absolute

In English

In the KJV here: linen

linen ×20 and fine linen ×5 of fine linen ×5 fine linen ×2 of marble ×2 and blue ×1 and in fine linen ×1 and of fine linen ×1

More options

fine linen — Most common rendering; high-quality woven cloth.

linen — Use when quality emphasis is unnecessary or unclear.

white linen — Highlights the bleached, ceremonial appearance of the fabric.

silk — Rare sense; use only where context clearly suggests silk.

marble — Non-textile sense; use only in architectural or stone contexts.

byssus — Technical/scholarly term for luxury Egyptian linen; specialist texts.

Brown-Driver-Briggs (BDB)

BDB8647 H8336 H8337

II. שֵׁשׁ noun masculine id.; — ׳עַמּוּדֵי שׁ Song 5:15 (in figurative), Esth 1:6a, material of pavement vEsth 1:6b (see בַּ֫הַט). — I. שֵׁשׁ see שׁדשׁ.

BDB9063 H8336

III. שֵׁשׁ noun masculine^{Exod 26:1} byssus (loan-word probably from Egyptian šen-suten Reinischap.DHM^{VOJ viii (1894), 7} Coptic šens, compare Coptic šent, weave; see M'Lean^{Ency.Bib. LINEN}; on spinning, weaving, and wearing of linen in Egypt Erman^{Aegypten 594 ff.; Eng. Trans. 448 f.}); — always absolute ׳שׁ (שׁשׁי Ezek 16:13 is error): — byssus, fine Egyptian linen ( בּוּץ, q. v., is later synonym), i.e. the linen thread (spun by women Exod 35:25), and the material woven from it: used for garments Gen 41:42 (E), Ezek 16:10; Ezek 16:13 (שׁשׁי, read שׁשׁ), Prov 31:22 for sail (in figurative of Tyre as ship) Ezek 27:7 (brought from Egypt); elsewhere P, of priestly vestments Exod 28:5; Exod 28:39 (twice in verse); Exod 39:3; Exod 39:27; Exod 39:28 (twice in verse); also מָשְׁזָר ׳שׁ twisted linen Exod 28:6; Exod 28:8; Exod 28:15; Exod 39:2; Exod 39:5; Exod 39:8; Exod 39:28; Exod 39:29 + vExod 39:24 (read ׳וְשֵׁשׁ מ ⅏ ᵐ5 Bae); ׳שׁ of hangings, etc., in tabernacle Exod 25:4; Exod 35:6; Exod 35:23; Exod 35:25; Exod 35:35; Exod 38:23, and so מָשְׁזָר ׳שׁ Exod 26:1; Exod 26:31; Exod 26:36; Exod 27:9; Exod 27:16; Exod 27:18; Exod 36:8; Exod 36:35; Exod 36:37; Exod 38:9; Exod 38:16; Exod 38:18.

Strong's Definition H8336

linen, marble, silk, blue

šēš

bleached stuff, i.e., white linen or (by analogy) marble

something bleached white, byssus, linen, fine linen

Variations 9 forms of this word

Translations 12 English renderings

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Word Parts

מָשְׁזָֽר

Root word twined

Dictionary form: שָׁזַר · shaw-DZAHR

Vowels & Accents

Hebrew Alephbet

Grammar VHsmsa

Verb — Hophal, Participle Passive, masculine singular, absolute state causative passive — "he was made to do" a settled state — try "___ed"

מָשְׁזָֽר

Speech Verb Stem Hophal Type Participle Passive Gender Masculine Number Singular State Absolute

Verb Chart

Full verb chart

In English

In the KJV here: and fine twined

and fine twined ×11 of fine twined ×6 were of fine twined ×2 and of fine twined ×1 and twined ×1

More options

twist — General-purpose verb; suits most weaving/textile contexts.

twine — Modernizes core KJV rendering; implies tight intertwining.

spin — Evokes thread-making process; accessible to general readers.

plait — Highlights interlacing of strands; slightly technical.

braid — Familiar modern term; emphasizes woven or interwoven structure.

interweave — Stresses the combining of multiple threads; formal register.

Brown-Driver-Briggs (BDB)

BDB8578 H7806

[שָׁזַר]₂₁ verb Hoph`al be twisted (Late Hebrew שָׁזַר twist; compare Arabic look a skew at, also twist cord from the left Ba^{ES 49} (explanation שׁ, for normal שׂ, as dissimilated before ז), Jacob^{Arabic Dichter i. 52}); — Participle שֵׁשׁ מָשְׁזָר Exod 26:1; Exod 26:31; Exod 26:36 + 17 t. Exodus (P); שֵׁשׁ omitted Exod 39:24.

שַׁח see שׁחח.

Strong's Definition H7806

twined

šāzar

to twist (a thread of straw)

to twist, be twisted

(Hophal)

to be twisted

Variations 2 forms of this word

Translations 5 English renderings