Ezekiel 25:13

לָ כֵ֗ן

לָ

Prefix — preposition to, for

כֵ֗ן

Adverb so, therefore, wherefore, thus, that, …

Dictionary form: כֵּן · kane

Adverb

In the KJV here: therefore

so ×204 therefore ×192 wherefore ×24 and so ×22 thus ×17 that ×12 this ×8 even so ×7

More options

so — Most natural, versatile connector; fits most contexts.

therefore — Signals logical consequence; good for formal or legal texts.

thus — Slightly more formal; suits narrative or prophetic register.

in this way — Clarifies manner or method when 'so' is ambiguous.

for this reason — Emphasizes causality more explicitly than 'therefore'.

likewise — Use when expressing similarity or parallel action.

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I. כֵּן adjective right, veritable, honest (properly firm, upright; Syriac recte PS¹⁶⁶²) — absolute כֵּן Exod 10:29 + (on possibly construct see 2 near the end); plural כֵּנִים Gen 42:11; Gen 42:19; Gen 42:31; Gen 42:33; Gen 42:34 —

1. right, usually indecl., often as substantive a right thing, especially with vbb. dicendi Exod 10:29 (J) כֵּן דִּבַּרְתָּ, Num 27:7 כֵּן דֹּבְרֹת, Num 36:5 (both P); כֵּן יַאֲרִיךְ Prov 28:2 (the) right (i.e. order and justice) shall last long (see De Now VB); = adverb aright, of pronunciation Judg 12:6 also with verb agendi Eccl 8:10 (on Isa 33:23 see III. כֵּן below כנן); right well Ps 65:10 (Che; al. = so); with לֹא, as adjective, not right דְּבָרִים אֲשֶׁר לֹאכֵֿן 2Kgs 17:9 things which were not right (verb agendi); of heart of a fool Prov 15:7; Jer 23:10 as substantive = what is not right, upright Jer 8:6 with verb agendi לֹאכֵֿן 2Kgs 7:9 that which is not right we are doing, Jer 48:30 b.

2. veritable, true, כֵּןצְֿדָקָה Prov 11:19 the veritable of righteousness = true righteousness; Isa 16:6 = Jer 48:30 a may be either their boastings are not true or (Thes Che Di Du Gr Gie and others) the untruth of their boastings (לֹאכֵֿן as compound construct); absolute, in assent to something already said, Right! Correct! True! Josh 2:4.

3. plural concrete honest (men) Gen 42:11; Gen 42:19; Gen 42:31; Gen 42:33; Gen 42:34 (all E). — II. כֵּן thus, so, see below; III. כֵּן place, base, see below כנן; IV. [כֵּן], כִּנִּם, כִּנָּם, see below כנן.

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כִּי עַל כֵּן forasmuch as, a peculiar phrase found Gen 18:5; Gen 19:8; Gen 33:10; Gen 38:26; Num 10:31; Num 14:43; Judg 6:22; 2Sam 18:20 Qr (rightly), Jer 29:28; Jer 38:4 — literally for therefore, emphasizing the ground pleonastically (Ew^{§ 353 a} ). The original force of the phrase is traceable in some of the passages in which it occurs, as Gen 18:5 let me fetch a morsel of bread, and comfort your heart; כִּיעַֿלכֵּֿן עֲבַרְתֶּם עַל עַבְדְּכֶם for therefore (that is, to partake of such hospitality) are ye come to your servant, Num 14:43 the Amalekite and the Canaanite are there, and ye will fall by the sword, כִּיעַֿלכֵּֿן שַׁבְתֶּם for therefore (to encounter such a fate) have ye turned back from ׳י etc.: but in process of time the distinct sense of its component parts was no doubt gradually obscured, and it thus came to be used conventionally, as a mere particle of causation, even where there was no preceding statement to which עַל כֵּן therefore could be explicitly referred. אֲשֶׁר עַל כֵּן appears to be used similarly (compare אֲשֶׁר 8 c) Job 34:27.

BDB4076 H3651

I. כֵּן adverb so (PH. Late Hebrew ᵑ7 id.; Syriac is then, Arabic , , but: probably from the demonstrative √ ka, found in כִּי etc., Kö^{ii. 1, 254}); (הִיא) כֶּןהֿוּא Gen 44:10 + 4 t.: — so (i.e. usually, as has been described or commanded, with reference to what has preceded), mostly of manner, but sometimes also of quantity, quality, or degree:

1. a. Judg 5:31 כן יאבדו so perish thy enemies, Job 5:27 הִיאכֶּןֿ, Job 8:13 כן ארחות כל שׁכחי אל, Prov 6:29; Prov 8:13; 2Sam 16:23; Isa 36:6; Isa 47:15 כן היו לך, Num 13:33 וכן היינו בעיניהם; Num 9:16 כָן יהיה תמיד Exod 10:14 (twice in verse) לא היה כן ארבה׳כמהו וג (i. e. in such numbers), 1Kgs 10:12 כן עצי אלמגים לא בא, v1Kgs 10:20; 2Chr 1:12 (twice in verse), Judg 21:14 להם כןולא מצאו and they did not suffice for them so (namely in such numbers of them as there were); 1Kgs 6:26 וכן הכרוב השׁני, Ezek 41:7 ׳וכן ל Exod 27:11; 1Kgs 10:29; Ezek 40:16; 2Chr 35:12, compare 1Chr 23:30 ׳כן ל Exod 25:33 (compare Exod 26:24), Josh 21:40.
b. the force of כֵּן has sometimes to be elicited from the context : 1Kgs 2:7 כי כן קרבו אלי (that is, with kindness such as that enjoined in v^a), 1Kgs 20:40 כן משׁפטך, Jer 14:10 לנועכן אהבו (i.e. not less than ׳י has withdrawn from them vJer 14:9, Gf Ke; Gie proposes אָכֵן), Ps 61:9 שִׁמְךָכֵּן אֲזַמְּרָה (Hi כְּצִדְקְךָ, implied in vJer 14:6-8), Ps 63:3 חֲזִיתִךָכֵּן בַּקֹּדֶשׁ (that is, with the longings of vPs 63:2), vPs 63:5 אֲבָרֶכְךָ בְחַיָּיכֵּן (that is כְּרֹב חַסְדְּךָ vPs 63:4), Ps 65:10 כִּי כֵן תְּכִינֶהָ (i.e. so generously, vPs 65:10), Ps 90:12 לִמְנוֺת יָמֵינוּ כֵּן הוֺדַע (Hi ׳כְּיִרְאַת י vPs 90:11), Ps 127:2 כֵּן יִתֵּן לִידִידוֺ שֵׁנָא (that is, as abundantly; but Che אָכֵן), Prov 24:14 (see vProv 24:13), Isa 52:14 כֵּן מִשְׁחַת מֵאִישׁ מַרְאֵהוּ (sufficiently to justify שׁממו עליך רבים).
c. כן occurs frequently in particular phrases, as
(a) with הָיָה, especially ויהי כן and it was so Gen 1:7; Gen 1:9; Gen 1:11 +, 2Kgs 2:10 if thou seest me taken from thee יהילֿך כן let it be to thee so (that is, as thou desirest), 2Kgs 7:20, with עשׂה (especially וַיַּעַשׂ, וַיַּעֲשׂוּ) Gen 29:28; Gen 42:20; Gen 45:21 + often, Judg 7:16 וְכֵן תַּעֲשׂוּמִמֶּנִּי תִּרְאוּ, + ׳ל Gen 42:25 ויעשׂ להם כן, Exod 22:29; Exod 23:11 ׳כן תעשׂה ל, Deut 22:3; 2Sam 12:31; 1Kgs 11:8 (compare 1Kgs 6:33; 1Kgs 7:18); Gen 29:26 לא יֵעָשֶׂה כן במקומנו, Gen 34:7; 2Sam 13:12 rarer usages, דִּבֶּר כֵּן Exod 6:9, אמר כן 1Kgs 22:8, כֵּן אמרתם Ezek 11:5; Ezek 33:10, ׳אָמֵן כֵּן יאֹמַר י 1Kgs 1:36 (compare Jer 28:6), וגם שׁאול אבי יֹדֵעַ כֵּן 1Sam 23:17 אָהֵב כֵּן (idiomatic) to love (it) so, Jer 5:31; Amos 4:5
(b) Gen 50:3 ימלאו ימי החנֻטים כי כן (compare Judg 14:10; 2Sam 13:18; Esth 2:12);
(c) alone, אִם כֵּן if it be so Gen 25:22; Gen 43:11 כִּיכֵֿןוַיִּרְאוּ 1Sam 5:7, יָדַעְתִּי כִּיכֵֿן Job 9:2
(d) לא כן not so (namely as has been described or implied), with a substantive Num 12:7 לא כן עבדי משׁה, 2Sam 20:21; 2Sam 23:5; Ps 1:4; Job 9:35b כילֿאכֿן אנכי עמדי not so am I with myself (i.e. I am not conscious of being one who would fear him, v^a), with a verb Deut 18:14 ואתה ׳לא כן נתן לך י (not so, — namely as implied in v^a), 2Sam 18:14; Isa 10:7 לא כן יְדַמֶּה, לא כן יחשׁב, absolute Gen 48:18 לא כן אבי, Exod 10:11.

2. Often, to emphasize the agreement, in answer to כְּ, and כַּאֲשֶׁר: namely
a. כְּ ֗֗֗ כֵּן,
(a) Gen 44:10 = Josh 2:21 כדבריכם כֶּןהֿוּא according to your words, so be it, 1Sam 25:25 כי כשׁמו כֶּןהֿוּא, Ps 48:11; Prov 23:7 כֶּןהֿוּא (after conjunction כְּמוֺ), Ezek 42:11 כְּאָרְכָּן כֵּן רָחְבָּן;
(b) Lev 27:12 כְּעֶרְכְּךָ כֵּן יִהְיֶה, 2Sam 13:35; Num 8:4; Num 9:14; Num 15:20; Deut 8:20; Judg 11:10, so after כְּפִי Num 6:21
(c) כְּכֹל ֗֗֗ כֵּן ֗֗֗ 1Sam 8:8; 2Sam 7:17; Jer 42:5
(d) in similes,
(a) 2Sam 14:17 כן ׳אדני המלךכמלאך הא, Jer 18:6; Ps 123:2; Ps 127:4; Prov 10:26; Prov 26:8; Prov 26:19; Prov 27:8; Prov 27:19; Song 2:2; Song 2:3 (β) Joel 2:4 כְּפָרָשִׁים כֵּן יְרוּצוּן, Isa 31:5; Isa 38:14; Ps 103:15; Prov 26:1; Prov 26:2 (γ) Ps 42:2 כאיל תערג ֗֗֗ כן׳נפשׁי וג like the hind which etc., Ps 83:16; Isa 61:11; Isa 63:14; Job 7:3, so after כמו Isa 26:17 (δ) Jer 2:26 גַּנָּב ֗֗֗ כֵּן הוֺבִישׁוּכְּבשֶׁת, Jer 6:7; Jer 34:5 (read כְּמשׂרפות), Ezek 22:22 (compare vEzek 22:20), Ezek 23:44; Ezek 34:12 compare (of degree) Ezek 35:15 (omitted by ᵐ5 Co), Hos 4:7 כְּרֻבָּם כֵּן חָָֽטְאוּ לִי. Of time (un-common) 1Sam 9:13 כְּבֹאֲכֶם הָעִיר כֵּן תִּמְצְאוּן אֹתוֺ.
b. Ezra 10:12 כן כדבריך עלינו לעשׂות.
c. ֗֗֗ כֵּן ֗֗֗ כַּאֲשֶׁר,
(a) Exod 7:6 כן עשׂו ׳כאשׁר צוה י, Exod 12:28; Exod 12:50; Exod 39:43 (compare Exod 27:8), Num 8:22 (compare Num 5:4), Num 17:26; Num 36:10; Josh 14:5 (all P); Gen 41:13 כאשׁר פתר כן היה, Josh 10:1; Josh 10:39; Josh 11:15; Judg 1:7; Judg 15:11b Ps 48:9
(b) (frequently) Num 2:17 כֵּן יִסָּ֑עוּכאשׁר יַחֲנוּ, Exod 1:12 (of degree = the more . . . the more) כַּאֲשֶׁר יְעַנּוּ אֹתוֺ כֵּן יִרְבֶּה וְכֵן יִפְרֹץ;
(c) Gen 6:22 אשׁר צוה אתו אלהים כן עשׂהככל, Exod 39:32; Exod 39:42; Exod 40:16; Num 1:54; Num 2:34; Num 8:20; Num 9:5 (all P), compare Exod 25:9 (וְכֵן), simil. 2Sam 9:11; 2Kgs 16:11, compare Josh 1:17; Jer 42:20
(d) Exod 27:8 הֶרְאָה אתך כן יעשׂוכאשׁר, 2Sam 16:19; 1Kgs 2:38; Isa 20:4; Isa 52:14f.; with the same verb repeated Lev 24:19; Lev 24:20; Deut 28:63 כאשׁר שׂשׂ ֗֗֗ כן ישׂישׂ, Josh 23:15; 1Sam 15:33; 1Sam 26:24; 1Kgs 1:37; Isa 10:11; Jer 5:19; Jer 31:28; Jer 32:42; Jer 42:18; Ezek 12:11; Ezek 20:36; Zech 7:13; Prov 24:29; Num 14:28 אעשׂהאם לא כאשׁר דברתם כן, Isa 14:24, so after הלא Isa 10:11, after asseverative כי 2Sam 3:9; 1Kgs 1:30 so ֗֗֗ כֵּן ׳כָּלעֻֿמַּת שֶׁ Eccl 5:15
(e) Judg 7:17b כאשׁר אעשׂה כן תעשׂון, Lev 27:14; Num 15:14, compare Jer 39:12
(f) in similes, Deut 12:22; Deut 22:26; Amos 3:12; Isa 65:8; Jer 13:11.
d. כן כאשׁר ֗֗֗ ,
(a) Exod 7:10 ׳ויעשׂו כן כאשׁר צוה י, vExod 7:20; Josh 4:8; 2Sam 5:25; Ezek 12:7, compare Gen 50:12; Num 8:3 iron. Amos 5:14 אתּכם כאשׁר ׳אמרתם יהי כן י, Exod 10:10
(b) Gen 18:5 כן תעשׂה כאשׁר דברת, Neh 5:12. — Occasionally in poetry כאשׁר is not expressed : Isa 54:9 (De), Isa 55:9; Jer 3:20; Job 7:9; Hos 11:2 קראו להם כן הלכו מפניהם (of degree: so = in the same proportion), Ps 48:6 המה ראו כן תמהו (i.e. in the same measure that they saw); Jer 33:22 (according to many, but dubious; read probably כאשׁר Gie) it is represented by אשׁר (so Isa 54:9 Hi Ew Di): Judg 5:15 כ is not expressed. — Nah 1:12 is probably corrupt; Zech 11:11 for כן עניי read כְּנַעֲנֵי. — כֹּה, כָּכָה, כָּזֹאת are synonyms, but differ considerably in usage.

3. With prepositions: —
a. אַחַרכֵּֿן, אַחֲרֵיכֵֿן, מֵאַחֲרֵיכֵֿן, literally after so, i.e. afterwards: see אַחַר.
b. בְּכֵן (late), literally in such circumstances, i.e. thereupon, then, Eccl 8:10; Esth 4:16 (ᵑ7 בְּכֵין often for אָז; e.g. Exod 15:1 Syr^Jerusalem = τότε).
c. כֵּןכְּמוֺֿ Isa 51:6, according to some, like so, i.e. (Vrss Rabb) in like manner, or (De) like this (accompanied by a contemptuous gesture) = like a mere nothing: but see IV. כֵּן.
d. לָכֵן₂₀₀ according to such conditions, that being so, therefore Num 16:11; 1Sam 27:6; Ps 16:9; Ps 73:6; Ps 73:10 especially in prophets, where it often introduces, after statement of the grounds, a divine declaration or command: Judg 10:13; 2Kgs 1:6; Amos 4:12; Isa 5:13; Isa 5:14; Isa 5:24; Isa 7:14; Isa 10:16; Isa 16:7; Isa 27:9; Jer 6:15; Jer 8:10 etc.; ׳לכן כה אמר י 2Kgs 21:12; Isa 10:24; Isa 28:16; Isa 29:22; Isa 30:12; Isa 37:33; Jer 5:14; Jer 6:21 + often; followed by נאם האדון Isa 1:24 ׳נאם י 1Sam 2:30; Jer 2:9 ׳לכן הנה ימים באים נאם י Jer 7:32; Jer 16:14; Jer 19:6 +; ׳לכן חי אני נאם י Ezek 5:11; Ezek 35:6; Ezek 35:11; Zeph 2:9 הנני ֗֗֗ לכן 1Kgs 14:10; Hos 2:8; Hos 2:16; Isa 29:14; Jer 16:21; Ezek 16:37; Ezek 22:19 b Ezek 25:4; Ezek 25:7; Ezek 25:9 +; לכן אֱמֹר Exod 6:6; Num 25:12 (both P), Ezek 11:16; Ezek 11:17; Ezek 14:6; Ezek 20:30; Ezek 33:25; Ezek 36:22 לָכֵן דַּבֵּר Ezek 14:4; Ezek 20:27 לָכֵן הִנָּכֵא Ezek 11:4; Ezek 36:3; Ezek 36:6; Ezek 37:12; Ezek 38:14 . . . . לָכֵן שִׁמְעוּ Isa 28:14; Isa 51:21; Jer 6:18; Jer 44:26 +. In answer to יען, Num 20:12 (P), 1Kgs 14:10; 2Kgs 1:16; 2Kgs 21:12; 2Kgs 22:20; Isa 29:14; Isa 30:13; Jer 19:6 +, Ezek 5:8; Ezek 13:23 +; so, once, וְלָכֵן Isa 8:7 to כי Isa 28:16; Jer 35:17 על Jer 9:14 אם Jer 23:38; Jer 42:15. Special usages: —
(a) idiomatic, in conversation, in reply to an objection, to state the ground upon which the answer is made; Gen 4:15 therefore — this being so — whoso killeth Cain, etc., Gen 30:15; Judg 8:7; Judg 11:8; 1Sam 28:2; 1Kgs 22:19; Job 20:2 (ᵐ5 in Genesis Kings Job, not perceiving the idiom, renders οὐχοὕτως (as though לאכֿן): so also strangely, elsewhere, as 1Sam 3:14; 2Kgs 1:4; 2Kgs 1:6; 2Kgs 21:12).
(b) inferring the cause from the effect, or developing what is logically involved in a statement, Isa 26:14b (compare De) therefore thou hast visited and destroyed them (not a consequence of v^{a 'the dead rise not,'} but the development of what is implicit in it), Isa 61:7; Jer 2:33; Jer 5:2 (because namely אין אמונה vJer 5:1), Job 34:25; Job 42:3. — Zech 11:7 read לִכְנַעֲנֵי הַצּאֹן.
e. עַדכֵּֿן hitherto (of time), as yet Neh 2:16. feminine עַלכֵּֿן₁₄₅ upon ground of such conditions, therefore (introducing, more generally than לָכֵן, the statement of a fact, rather than a declaration: never used in the phrases noted under לָכֵן), Gen 20:6; Gen 42:21; Exod 5:8; Exod 5:17; Exod 16:29; Exod 20:11; 1Sam 20:29; 1Sam 28:18; 2Sam 7:22; 2Sam 7:27; 1Kgs 20:23; Isa 5:25; Isa 9:16; Isa 13:7; Isa 13:13; Isa 15:4; Isa 15:7; Isa 16:9; Isa 16:11; Isa 17:10; Isa 21:3; Isa 10:21; Isa 12:8; Isa 20:11; Isa 31:3; Isa 31:20; Isa 22:4; Isa 31:5 etc., Ps 1:5; Ps 42:7; Ps 45:3 c (the poet's inference from v^{a. b}), vPs 1:8; Ps 110:7; Job 6:3; Job 9:22; Job 17:4; Job 20:21 etc., Song 1:3 and regularly where the origin of a name, or custom, or proverb is assigned, Gen 2:24 ׳עלכֿן יעזב אישׁ וג, Gen 10:9 יֵאָמַ֔רעלכֿן, Gen 11:9 עלכֿן קרא שׁמה בבל, Gen 16:14; Gen 19:22; Gen 21:31; Gen 25:30; Gen 26:33; Gen 29:34; Gen 29:35; Gen 30:6; Gen 32:33; Gen 47:22; Exod 13:15; Exod 15:23; Num 18:24; Num 21:14; Num 21:27; Deut 10:9 (compare Deut 15:11; Deut 15:15; Deut 19:7; Deut 24:18; Deut 24:22), Josh 7:26; Josh 14:14; Judg 15:19; Judg 18:12; 1Sam 5:5; 1Sam 10:12; 1Sam 23:28 (? read so 1Sam 27:6) 2Sam 5:8; 2Sam 5:20 etc.; הַעַלכֵּֿן Hab 1:17. — Esth 9:26 the 2nd על כן (unless dittograph) points unusually onwards to האגרתעל כל דברי on this account, on account, namely, etc.

BDB4077 H3651 H3653 H3654

II. כֵּן see כון; III. כֵּן see I. כנן; IV. כֵּן see II. כנן. p. 467, below

BDB9613 H3651 H3652

adverb thus, as follows (Biblical Hebrew כֵּן; ᵑ7 כֵּן, Syriac ); — usually with אֲמַר (אָמַ, etc.; compare Egyptian Aramaic CIS^{ii. 149 A 1, B-C 3} RÉS^{492 B 5}), Dan 2:24 וְכֵן אֲמַרלֵֿהּ, vDan 2:25; Dan 4:11; Dan 6:7; Dan 7:5; Dan 7:23; Ezra 5:3; Ezra 6:2 וְכֵןכְּֿ תִיב בְּגַוַּהּ.

so, therefore, wherefore, thus, that, …

kēn

properly, set upright; hence (figuratively as adjective) just; but usually (as adverb or conjunction) rightly or so (in various applications to manner, time and relation; often with other particles)

(adv) so, therefore, thus

thus, so

therefore, this being so (specifically)

right, just, honest

כֹּ֤ה

Adverb thus, so, also, here, hitherto, …

Dictionary form: כֹּה · koh

Adverb

In the KJV here: thus

thus ×446 them thus ×30 him thus ×17 so ×16 also ×5 and thus ×5 unto them thus ×5 thou thus ×4

More options

this is what — Best for prophetic/speech formulas, e.g. 'this is what the LORD says'

thus — Modernized from KJV; still natural in formal or literary prose

so — Casual, conversational register; suits narrative contexts

in this way — Emphasizes manner or method of an action

as follows — Introduces a direct quotation or list naturally

here — Use when כֹּה indicates place or spatial reference

BDB3924 H3541

כֹּה demonstrative adverb thus, here (Biblical Aramaic כָּה; ᵑ7, ᵑ6:Jerusalem, Mandean כָּא here: in Syriac with prefixes hither, (ᵑ6:Jerusalem ) hence, where? compare אֵיכָה, p. 32, and Kö^{ii. 1, 252}) —

1. of manner, thus (so most frequently, and usually pointing to what is to follow, while כֵּן points commonly to what has preceded), Gen 15:5 כה יהיה זרעך thus shall thy seed be, Num 6:23; 1Kgs 2:30 כֹּה דִבֶּר יוֺאָב וְכֹה עָנָנִי, 1Kgs 5:25; Isa 24:13 (answered by בְּ, as Jer 23:29); with a substantive Isa 20:6 הִנֵּה כֹה מַבָּטֵנוּ, Jer 9:21 (si vera lectio), Jer 23:29; 1Sam 27:11. Mostly confined to particular phrases: thus
a. with different forms of אמר, כה תאמר thus shalt thou say Exod 3:14; Exod 3:15; Exod 19:3; Exod 20:22 etc.; especially כה אמר יי֞ thus saith (or said) ׳י Exod 4:22; Exod 5:1; Exod 7:17; Exod 7:26; Exod 8:16 etc.; and continually in the prophets, as Isa 7:7; Isa 8:11; Isa 18:4 etc.; Jer 2:2; Jer 2:5; Jer 4:27; Jer 6:16 etc.; also in the idiomatic formula אִם כֹּה יאֹמַר if he say (or used to say) (the words spoken following) Gen 31:8; 1Sam 14:9; 1Sam 14:10; 1Sam 20:7; 2Sam 15:26.
b. with עשׂה to do thus, Exod 5:15; Deut 7:5 pointing back, Num 22:30; Josh 6:14; 1Sam 27:11 and elsewhere; especially in the phrase כה יעשׂה אלהים וכה יוסיף (with variations), 1Sam 3:17 + (see יסף), in which כֹּה points to an imprecation understood but not expressed. With בְּ prefixed 1Kgs 22:20 ויאמר זה בְּכֹה וזה אמר בְּכֹה and one spake in this wise, and another spake in that wise (|| 2Chr 18:19 כָכָהכָּ֗֗֗כָה; probably rightly).

2. of place, here (rare, chiefly in E), Gen 31:37 שִׂים כֹּה place it here before my brethren, Num 23:15 (twice in verse); 2Sam 18:30; Ruth 2:8. Repeated, Exod 2:12 וַיִּפֶן כֹּה וָכֹה and he turned this way and that way; כֹּהכֹּ֗֗֗ה on this side . . . on that side Num 11:31. With עַד Gen 22:5 and we will go עַדכֹּֿה as far as here (δεικτικῶς) i.e. yonder.

3. of time, עַד כֹּה hitherto, Exod 7:16 (compare עַדהֵֿנָּה), Josh 17:14 עַדכֹּֿה וְעַדכֹּֿה till now and till then, i.e. meanwhile, 1Kgs 18:45.

BDB9605 H3541 H3542

כָּה adverb here (Biblical Hebrew כֹּה; ᵑ7 Mandean כָּא; Christian-Palestinian Aramaic ; Syriac with prefixes, as hither, where?); — Dan 7:28 עָדכָּֿה סוֺפָא דִימִֿלְּתָא hitherto (compare Jer 48:47; Jer 51:64) is the end of the matter.

thus, so, also, here, hitherto, …

kō

properly, like this, i.e., by implication, (of manner) thus (or so); also (of place) here (or hither); or (of time) now

thus, here, in this manner

thus, so

אָמַר֙

Root word said, saying, saith, say, spake, …

Dictionary form: אָמַר · aw-MAHR

Verb — Qal, Perfect (Qatal), third person masculine singular simple action — "he did" completed action — try "he ___ed" or "he has ___ed" the built-in subject is "he (or it)"

In the KJV here: saith

said ×947 saying ×718 and said ×688 saith ×527 and he said ×343 then said ×139 say ×122 and say ×119

More options

say — Most versatile; fits nearly any context or register.

declare — Emphasizes formal or authoritative pronouncement.

tell — Prefer when communication to an audience is stressed.

speak — Highlights the act of oral expression itself.

command — Use when the utterance carries directive force.

think — Fits internal or reflective speech contexts.

BDB557 H559

אָמַר₅₂₈₇ verb utter, say (MI, Phoenician אמר, Aramaic אֲמַר, Ethiopic I. 2 shew, declare, Arabic command; perhaps √ אמר originally = be or make prominent, hence Hithpa`el below, אָמִיר; Sabean אמר lofty, epithet of king JHMordtm^{ZMG 1876, 37}; compare Dl^{Pr 28} who thinks original meaning hell, sichtbar sein, whence Assyrian amâru, see, & shew, declare, say) — Qal Perfect ׳א Gen 3:1 +, etc.; Imperfect יאֹמַר Gen 31:8 +; וַיּאֹ֫מֶר Gen 1:3 +; וַיּאֹמַ֑ר Gen 14:19 +; in Job always וַיּאֹ֑מַר Job 3:2 +; 3 feminine singular תּאֹמַר Gen 21:12 +; תּאֹמֵר֑ Prov 1:21 1 singular אֹמַר Gen 22:2 +; אוֺמְרָה Ps 42:10 וָאֹמַר Gen 20:13 +; וָאוֺמַר Neh 2:7; Neh 2:17; Neh 2:20 3 masculine plural יאֹמְדוּ Exod 4:1 + etc.; suffix יֹמְרוּךָ Ps 139:20 2 masculine plural תֹּמְדוּ 2Sam 19:14 ( compare Kö^{i. p. 385}); Imperative (אֱמָרֿ) אֱמֹר Gen 45:17 +, etc.; Infinitive absolute אָמוֺר Exod 21:5 +; construct אֱמֹר Ezek 25:8 +; (הַ)אֲמֹר Job 34:18 but read הָאֹמֵר ᵐ5 ᵑ9 Di, or better הֶאָמֹר Infinitive absolute with ה interrogative compare Ew :§ 328 d; suffix אָמְרִי Josh 6:10 +; אֲמָרְכֶם Jer 23:38 אֱמָרְכֶם Mal 1:7 +; לֵאמֹר Gen 1:22 +, etc.; Participle active אֹמֵר Gen 32:10 +, etc.; passive הֶאָמוּר Mic 2:7, but this grammatically indefensible, read הֶאָמוֺר, Infinitive absolute with ה interrogative, see Dr^{Expositor, April, 1887, 263}.

1. Say (subject God Gen 3:1 + or man Gen 32:5, serpent Gen 3:1, ass Num 22:28, horse יאֹמַר הֶאָח Job 39:25 etc.; inanimate things, personified Job 28:14 compare vJob 28:22 etc.; so in allegory or fable Judg 9:8; 2Kgs 14:9 etc.; especially in narration, וַיּאֹמֶר etc., Gen 4:6 + very often): mostly followed by thing said, either substantive Jer 14:17 (c. clause app.) Deut 27:16f.; Judg 12:6 pronoun Gen 44:16; 2Kgs 20:14 +; or (usually) clause Gen 1:3; Gen 3:1; Gen 37:20 + often (oratio recta [direct speech]); with adverb thus, so Gen 32:5; Num 20:14; 1Kgs 20:3; 1Kgs 20:5 + often; especially ׳כֹּה אָמַר י Exod 5:1; Exod 7:17; Exod 8:1; Exod 8:20; 1Chr 17:4 + often; the person addressed usually introduced by אֶל Gen 3:1; Gen 15:7; Gen 22:7; Lev 21:1; 2Sam 3:7; 1Kgs 12:5; 1Kgs 12:23, or לְ Gen 3:13; Gen 4:15; 1Sam 20:2; 2Sam 2:21; 1Kgs 14:2 + often; rarer combinations are, בְּאָזְנֵי ׳א Isa 49:20 (compare Isa 5:9 & see דבר); לִפְנֵי ׳א Ezek 28:9 לְעֵינֵי ׳א Deut 31:7; Josh 10:12; Jer 28:11 בְּ ׳א Joel 2:17; Ps 126:2, where בְּ local; in all cases usually followed by direct object of words said, Exod 19:25 being very singular; Gen 4:8 the object-clause has probably fallen out, compare Vrss Di; = mention, name, designate Gen 22:2; Gen 22:3; Gen 43:27; Gen 43:29; Exod 32:13; Num 14:40; 1Sam 10:16; 1Sam 16:3; 2Sam 6:22; Neh 6:19 compare Ps 139:20 יֹמְרוּךָ לִמְזִמָּה speak of thee for falsehood (but many, as Hup Pe Dy Che, read יַמְרוּךָ); = tell, declare, proclaim, (followed by direct object only) Ps 40:11; Ezek 13:7 in reply to question = answer Exod 12:27; Josh 4:7; 1Kgs 9:9; Jer 5:19; Jer 22:9. The object spoken of may be referred to by אֶל 2Kgs 19:32; Jer 22:18; Jer 27:19, or לְ Gen 20:13 אִמְרִי לִֹי say of me, etc. Deut 33:9; Judg 9:54; Isa 5:20; Ps 3:3; Ps 71:10, very rarely by a simple accusative Isa 3:10 (where read probably for אִמְרוּ, אַשְׁרֵי), except after אֲשֶׁר where the words used follow (compare אֲשֶׁר 4 d) Gen 3:17; Num 10:29; Num 14:31; Deut 28:68; Judg 7:4; 1Sam 9:17; 1Sam 9:23b 1Kgs 8:29; Lam 4:20 compare Num 21:16; 2Kgs 17:12; 2Kgs 21:4, & (two extreme cases) Isa 8:12; Lam 2:15 (see Dr^{Sm i. 24, 5}); ֶהאָמוּר Mic 2:7 read infinitive absolute with ה interrogative הֶאָמוֺר (see above) shall one say ? shall it be said ? After another verb of saying, introducing thing said: Deut 21:7; Deut 25:9; Deut 27:15; Song 2:10 +, even after אמר Gen 22:7; Lev 21:1; Jer 34:2; Esth 7:5 +; especially infinitive לֵאמֹר, after דבר Gen 8:15, צוה Gen 2:16, ענה Gen 44:16, ברך Gen 1:22, נשׁבע Gen 24:7, נדר Gen 28:20, etc.; after אמר 2Sam 3:18; 1Kgs 12:23; Ruth 4:4; 1Chr 21:18 +; after שׁלח 2Chr 35:21, שׁוּב Gen 32:7 compare also Gen 28:6; Gen 9:5; Gen 13:8; Gen 17:4; Deut 13:7; Judg 8:15; 1Sam 23:2; 1Kgs 13:3; Jer 32:3; Jer 37:9 +; also when subject of לֵאמֹר differs from that of pre-ceding clause Gen 31:1; Gen 38:13; Gen 38:24 etc.; after שׁמע Isa 37:9 = 2Kgs 19:9.

2. Say in the heart (= think) בלבב ׳א Deut 8:17 compare 1Kgs 12:26; Ps 10:6; Ps 10:11; Ps 10:13; Ps 14:1; Ps 35:25; Isa 14:13; Isa 47:8; Isa 47:10; Isa 49:21; Eccl 2:1; Eccl 2:15; Eccl 3:17; Eccl 3:18 לִלְבָבָם ׳א Hos 7:2 אֶללִֿבּוֺ ׳א Gen 8:21 said unto his heart (to himself), subject ׳י, compare 1Sam 27:1 אָֽמְרָה נַפֲשִׁי Lam 3:24 thence ׳א alone Gen 20:11; Gen 26:9; Num 24:11; Ruth 4:4; 1Sam 20:26; 2Sam 5:6; 2Sam 12:22; 2Kgs 5:11 followed by clause with כִּי Judg 15:2 in particular = desire מַהתּֿאֹמַר נַפְשְׁךָ 1Sam 20:4 compare Esth 2:13 followed by infinitive = purpose, Exod 2:14 thinkest thou to kill me, as thou killedst the Egyptian ? Josh 22:33; 1Sam 30:6; 1Kgs 5:19; 2Chr 28:10; 2Chr 28:13 expect 2Sam 21:16 he expected to slay David 2Chr 13:8; 2Chr 32:1.

3. Promise (followed by infinitive) 1Chr 27:23; 2Chr 21:7; Esth 4:7 (id. + ל of person) 2Kgs 8:19; Neh 9:15 (followed by accusative of direct object + ל of person + infinitive of purpose) Neh 9:23.

4. Command (especially late) followed by אֶלֿ of per-son addressed, Num 15:38; 1Chr 21:18 followed by ל Josh 11:9; 2Sam 16:11; 2Kgs 4:24; Job 9:7; Ps 106:34 (see below אֲשֶׁר 8 e); followed by infinitive 1Sam 24:11; 1Chr 21:17; 2Chr 1:18; 2Chr 29:27; 2Chr 29:30; 2Chr 31:11; 2Chr 35:21; Esth 1:17; Esth 4:13; Esth 4:15; Esth 6:1; Esth 9:14 followed by infinitive + ל of pers, 2Chr 14:3; 2Chr 29:21; 2Chr 31:4; followed by accusative direct object 2Chr 29:24 the king commanded the burnt-offering and the sin-offering, compare 1Kgs 5:20; Esth 2:15 followed by clause with אשׁר = that Neh 13:19 id. + ל of person vNeh 13:22 followed by clause with כִּי Job 36:10 absolute 1Sam 16:16 (read however probably יאמרו for יאמר, compare Dr); also Ps 105:31; Ps 105:34; Ps 107:25; 1Chr 14:12; 2Chr 24:8; Neh 13:9; Neh 13:19 (all followed by verb consecutive); command by letter עִםהַֿסֵּפֶר ׳א Esth 9:25 (followed by imperfect); appoint, assign לוֺ ׳לֶחֶם א 1Kgs 11:18 = threaten followed by infinitive Deut 9:25; Ps 106:23. Niph`al Perfect נֶאֱמַר Dan 8:26 Imperfect יֵאָמֵר Gen 22:14 +; יֵאָ֫מֶר לוֺ Isa 4:3 יֵאָמַ֑ר Gen 10:9 +; וַיֵּאָמַ֑ר Josh 2:2 be said, told Gen 10:9; Gen 22:14; Ps 87:5; Jer 4:11; Jer 16:14 (all absolute, indefinite subject, of current saying); so said in a book Num 21:14 be related, told, of vision Dan 8:26 said, told to (followed by ל indirect object) Josh 2:2; Hos 2:1 (twice in verse); Zeph 3:16 either so, or told concerning Num 23:23; Ezek 13:12 (אֶלֿ); יֵאָמֵר לָכֶם = ye shall be called (it shall be said to you) Isa 61:6 (|| תִּקָּרְאוּ), compare Isa 4:3; Isa 19:18; Isa 32:5 (|| יִקָּרֵא ל) Isa 62:4 (twice in verse); hence be called, of Tophet לֹאיֵֿאָמֵר עוֺד הַתֹּפֶת Jer 7:32 subject שֵׁם Gen 32:29; Job 34:31 כִּי אֶלאֵֿל הֶאָמַר, Rabb (compare AV) treat הֵאָמַר as Niph`al Infinitive for לְהֵאָמֵר, but against grammar; the form as it stands is Qal Perfect, אֶלאֵֿל being prefixed to the interrogative for emphasis (compare Jer 22:15; Jer 23:26; Neh 13:27), see Dr^{§ 9} Di and others; Hoffm., however, reads הֵאָמֵר infinitive absolute = imperative 'so must one speak (it be spoken) to God.' Hiph`il Perfect avow, avouch Deut 26:17 הֶאֱמַרְתָּ הַיּוֺם לִהְיוֺת לְךָ לֵאלֹהִים ׳אֶתיֿ; vDeut 26:18 ׳וי הֶאֱמִירְךָ היום להיות לוֺ לְעַם (literally cause to declare, i.e. through agency of Moses; on this & other interpretations see Di). Hithpa`el Imperfect יִתְאַמְּרוּ Ps 94:4 subject כָּלפֹּֿעֲלֵי אָ֑וֶן act proudly, boast (|| יַבִּיעוּ יְדַבְּרוּ עָתָק probably also 2 masculine plural תִּתְיַמָּ֑רוּ Isa 61:6 (in good sense, followed by בְּ of thing gloried in) ᵑ6 ᵑ9 ᵑ7 & compare ᵐ5; Ges^Comm. so De Che Kö^{i. 457 f.} (from [ימר] exchange Thes Hi Kn Ew Di; but see ימר, מור).

BDB9309 H560 H559

אֲמַר₇₁ verb say, tell, command (Biblical Hebrew אָמַר); —

Pe Perfect 3 masculine singular ׳א Dan 2:12 +, אֲמַ֑ר Dan 7:1 3 feminine singular אֲמֶ֫רֶר Dan 5:10 (K^{§ 38, 1 a}); 1 singular אַמְרֵת Dan 4:5 1 plural אֲאַ֫רְנָא Dan 5:4; Dan 5:9, etc.; Imperfect 3 masculine singular יֵאמַר (K^{§ 41}) Dan 2:7 +; 2 masculine plural תֵּאמְרוּן Jer 10:11, etc.; Imperative masculine singular אֱמַר Jer 2:4 +; masculine plural אֱמַרוּ Jer 2:9 Infinitive לְמֵאמַר vJer 2:9, לְמֵמַ֑ר Ezra 5:11 (K^{§ 41 a}); Participle אְמַר Dan 2:5 + often, plural אָֽמְרִין Dan 3:4; Ezra 5:3 +; —

1. say (often in phrase answer and say): followed by oratio recta [direct speech] (only), Dan 2:7; Dan 2:10 + 13 t. Daniel; Ezra 5:11 + ל person Dan 2:5; Dan 3:14 + 14 t. Daniel [plural with indefinite subject for passive Dan 4:28], Ezra 5:15 + קְָדָס person Dan 2:9; Dan 5:17; Dan 6:13; Dan 6:14 + כֵּן Dan 4:11; Dan 7:23, כֵּן with ל person Ezra 5:8; Dan 2:24; Dan 2:25; Dan 6:7, compare Dan 7:5 + כְּנֵמָא with ל person Ezra 5:4; Ezra 5:9 + כִּדְנָךְ with ל person Jer 10:11 followed by accusative of thing + עַל person against whom Dan 3:29.

2. relate, tell: followed by accusative of thing Dan 4:6; Dan 4:15; Dan 7:1, + ל person Dan 2:4; Dan 2:9; Dan 2:7; Dan 7:16 (accusative of thing omitted), + קְָדָם person Dan 2:36; Dan 4:4; Dan 4:5.

3. command: followed by infinitive Dan 2:12; Dan 2:46 + 6 t. Daniel; followed by finite verb Dan 5:29; Dan 6:17; Dan 6:23 followed by ל person + or. rect. Dan 3:4 [pl. with indefinite subject, for passive, K^{§ 76 e}, so Dan 4:23].

said, saying, saith, say, spake, …

ʾāmar

to say (used with great latitude)

to say, speak, utter

(Qal) to say, to answer, to say in one's heart, to think, to command, to promise, to intend

אֲדֹנָ ֣י

אֲדֹנָ

Root word a name — transliterate it ("The lord")

֣י

Suffix — pronoun my / me

Dictionary form: אֲדֹנָי · uh-doh-NAI

Noun — Common, masculine plural, construct state plural — usually add "-s"; "___ of …" — bound to the next word

In the KJV here: the lord

the lord ×290 o lord ×34 lord ×24 of the lord ×22 hath the lord ×6 thee o lord ×6 am the lord ×5 my lord ×5

More options

Lord — Standard divine title; capitalized to mark deity.

Sovereign Lord — Emphasizes God's supreme authority and rule.

Master — Highlights ownership/authority; use in human address contexts.

My Lord — Retains personal possessive; ideal for direct address.

O Lord — Vocative register; suits prayers and laments.

God — Use only where context clearly equates Adonai with deity.

BDB125 H113 H136

אָדוֺן noun masculine^{Mal 3:1} lord (Phoenician אדן) — ׳א Ps 12:5 + construct אֲדוֺן Josh 3:11 +; plural אֲדֹנִים Isa 26:13 +; construct אֲדֹנֵי Deut 10:17 +; suffix אֲדֹנֵינוּ 1Sam 25:14 + etc.; (אֲדֹנִי, אֲדֹנַי, אֲדֹנָי are variations of Masoretic pointing to distinguish divine reference from human. Plural, with few except an intensive plural of rank; word takes suffix as plural in all other person; so doubtless here. Orig. reading probably in all cases אֲדֹנַי (see Dalm^{Der Gottesname Adonaj}; Lag^{BN 188 makes} אֲדֹנָי an Aramaic formative); אֲדֹנִי now found in J 51 t.; in E Gen 31:35; Gen 32:19; Gen 42:10; Exod 21:5 in P Gen 23:6; Gen 23:11; Gen 23:15; Num 36:2 (twice in verse); often Samuel & Kings; in Chronicles only in sources, 1Chr 21:3 (3 t. in verse); 1Chr 21:23 (= 2Sam 24:3; 2Sam 24:22) 2Chr 2:13; 2Chr 2:14 Isaiah & Jeremiah only in historical parts Isa 36:8; Isa 36:9; Isa 36:12; Jer 37:20; Jer 38:9 elsewhere Dan 1:10; Dan 10:16; Dan 10:17; Dan 10:19; Dan 12:8; Zech 1:9; Zech 4:4; Zech 4:5; Zech 4:13; Zech 6:4; Ps 110:1; Judg 4:18; Judg 6:13; Ruth 2:13 בִּי אֲדנָי Exod 4:10; Exod 4:13; Josh 7:8 (J) Judg 6:15; Judg 13:8 is referred to God, but בִּי אֲדנִי Gen 43:20; Gen 44:18; Num 12:11 (J) 1Sam 1:26; 1Sam 25:24; 1Kgs 3:17; 1Kgs 3:26 reference to human superiors. There is uncertainty as to אֲדֹנָ֯י Gen 18:3; Gen 19:18 אֲדֹ֯נַי Gen 19:2) —

1. singular lord, master (1) reference to men:
(a) superintendent of household, or of affairs Gen 45:8; Gen 45:9 (E) = Ps 105:21
(b) master Ps 12:5
(c) king Jer 22:18; Jer 34:5 (2) reference to God, הָאָדוֺן יהוה the Lord Yahweh (see יהוה) Exod 23:17; Exod 34:23 (Cov't codes); אֲרוֺן כָּלהָֿאָרֶץ Lord of the whole earth Josh 3:11; Josh 3:13 (J) Ps 97:5; Zech 4:14; Zech 6:5; Mic 4:13 צֻבָאוֺת ׳י ׳הָא, earlier Isa 1:24; Isa 3:1; Isa 10:33; Isa 19:4 (אֲדֹנָי Isa 10:16 in common MT; not Massora, doubtless scribal error); ׳הָא Mal 3:1 אָדוֺן Ps 114:7.

2. plural lords, kings Deut 10:17 = Ps 136:3; Isa 26:13 elsewhere intensive plural of rank, lord, master, (1) reference to men:
(a) proprietor of hill Samaria 1Kgs 16:24
(b) master Gen 40:7 (E) Exod 21:4 (twice in verse); Exod 21:6; Exod 21:8; Exod 21:32 (Cov't code) Gen 24:9 + (J, 11 t.) Deut 23:16; Judg 19:11; Judg 19:12 + 13 t. Samuel & Kings; Job 3:19; Ps 123:2; Prov 25:13; Prov 27:18; Prov 30:10; Isa 24:2; Amos 4:1; Zeph 1:9; Mal 1:6 (twice in verse);
(c) husband Judg 19:26; Judg 19:27; Ps 45:12
(d) prophet 2Kgs 2:3; 2Kgs 2:5; 2Kgs 2:16
(e) governor Neh 3:5
(f) prince Gen 42:10; Gen 42:30; Gen 42:33 (E) Gen 44:8 (J) 1Sam 29:10
(g) king Gen 40:1 (E) Judg 3:25 + 40 t. Samuel & Kings; Chronicles only in sources 1Chr 12:19 compare 1Sam 29:4; 2Chr 13:6; 2Chr 18:16 = 1Kgs 22:17; Isa 19:4; Isa 22:18; Isa 36:12; Isa 37:4; Isa 37:6; Jer 27:4 (2) reference to God Mal 1:6 אֲדֹנֵי הָאֲדֹנִים Lord of lords Deut 10:17 = Ps 136:3 אֲדֹנֵינוּ Ps 135:5; Ps 147:5; Neh 8:10 אֲדֹנֵינוּ ׳י Ps 8:2; Ps 8:10; Neh 10:30 ׳אֲדֹנַיִח י Isa 51:22 (probably = thy husband, Yahweh); אֲדֹנָיו Hos 12:15 (possibly error for אֲדֹנָי).

3. suffix 1 singular (אֲדֹנַי) אֲדֹנִי (1) reference to men: my lord, my master, (a) master Exod 21:5 (Cov't code) Gen 24:12 +, Gen 44:5 (J, 20 t.) 1Sam 30:13; 1Sam 30:15; 2Kgs 5:3; 2Kgs 5:20; 2Kgs 5:22; 2Kgs 6:15
(b) husband Gen 18:12 (J);
(c) prophet 1Kgs 18:7; 1Kgs 18:13; 2Kgs 2:19; 2Kgs 4:16; 2Kgs 4:28; 2Kgs 6:5; 2Kgs 8:5
(d) prince Gen 42:10 (E), Gen 23:6; Gen 23:11; Gen 23:15 (P), Gen 43:20; Gen 44:18 +, Gen 47:18, + (J, 12 t.); Judg 4:18
(e) king 1Sam 22:12 + (Samuel & Kings 75 t.);
(f) father Gen 31:35 (E);
(g) Moses Exod 32:22; Num 11:28; Num 12:11; Num 32:26; Num 32:27 (J); Num 36:2 (twice in verse) (P);
(h) priest 1Sam 1:15; 1Sam 1:26 (twice in verse);
(i) theophanic angel Josh 5:14; Judg 6:13
(j) captain 2Sam 11:11
(k) general recognition of superiority Gen 24:18; Gen 32:5 + Gen 33:8 +; Gen 44:7 + (J, 13 t.), Ruth 2:13; 1Sam 25:24 + (15 t.); (2) reference to God: אֲדֹנָי
a. my Lord Gen 20:4 (? E) Exod 15:17 (Samaritan יהוה) elsewhere in Hexateuch, J; Gen 18:3(?); Gen 18:27; Gen 18:30; Gen 18:31; Gen 18:32; Gen 19:2; Gen 19:18(?) Exod 4:10; Exod 4:13; Exod 5:22; Exod 34:9; Num 14:17; Josh 7:8 also Judg 6:15; Judg 13:8 not Samuel; 1Kgs 22:6; 2Kgs 19:23 not Chron. except memorials Ezra 10:3 (reference to Ezra) Neh 1:11; Neh 4:8 Wisdom Literature only Job 28:28 (doubtless scribal error for יהוֺה of many MSS.); not Hosea; Isa 37:24; Isa 38:14; Isa 38:16 (historical part); exile Isa 49:14 (compare Isa 51:22); Mic 1:2; Ps 16:2 + (47 t., chiefly this sense, except below
b.; compare אֱלֹהַי וַאדֹנָי my Lord and my God Ps 35:23 (writers that use אֱלֹהִים seldom use אֲדֹנָי);
b. Adonay proper name of God, parallel with Yahweh, substitution for it often by scribal error, & eventually supplanting it. In earlier Isa 3:17 + (19 t. seeming to belong here), Amos 7:7; Amos 7:8; Amos 9:1; Ezek 18:25; Ezek 18:29; Ezek 33:17; Ezek 33:20; Ezek 21:14 (probably ׳אֲדֹנָי י as in usual phrase); Zech 9:4; Mal 1:12; Mal 1:14; Lam 1:14 + (14 t.) Ps 2:4; Ps 37:13; Ps 78:65; Ps 90:17 (? יהוה) Ps 110:5 (Dalman puts most of these below
(a); — many cases are doubtful); 1Kgs 3:10; 1Kgs 3:15 (Masoretic אדני for יהוה compare Dalm 2Kgs 7:6 Dalm rightly questions; he reads יהוה). The phrases אֲדֹנָי אֱלֹהַי Ps 38:16; Ps 86:12, Adonay my God; אֲדֹנָי הָאֱלֹהִים Dan 9:3, אֱלֹהֵינוּ ׳א Dan 9:9; Dan 9:15, הָאֵל ׳א Dan 9:4 favour taking ׳א Dan 1:2; Dan 9:7; Dan 9:8 (יהוה ?) vDan 9:16 vDan 9:17 vDan 9:19 vDan 9:19 vDan 9:19 as the divine name.

4. אֲדֹנָי יהוה
(a) my Lord Yahweh (see יהוה) Gen 15:2; Gen 15:8 (JE) Josh 7:7 (J, ᵐ5 omit ׳י) Deut 3:24; Deut 9:26; Judg 6:22; Judg 16:28; 2Sam 7:1 (6 t.) 1Kgs 2:26; 1Kgs 8:53 probably Amos 3:7; Amos 3:8; Amos 7:2; Amos 7:4; Amos 7:5; Amos 9:8; Jer 1:6; Jer 4:10; Jer 14:13; Jer 32:17; Jer 32:25; Ezek 4:14; Ezek 8:1; Ezek 9:6; Ezek 11:13; Ezek 20:49; Ezek 37:3 (׳יָדַע כִּי אֲני א ׳י) Ezek 13:9; Ezek 23:49; Ezek 24:24; Ezek 28:24; Ezek 29:16 inappropriate in mouth of God; strike out אֲדֹנָי (Co) or read אֱלֹהֵיכֶם ׳י (Dalm); Mic 1:2; Zeph 1:7; Obad 1:1; Zech 9:14; Ps 71:5; Ps 71:16; Ps 73:28
(b) apparently proper name Adonay Yahweh Isa 25:8; Jer 44:26 exile Isa 40:10 + (10 t., but Isa 61:1; Isa 61:11 read יהוה, ᵐ5);
(c) uncertain whether
(a) or
(b) in prophetic formula אָמַר ׳י ׳א Isa 7:7; Isa 28:16; Isa 30:15; Isa 49:22; Isa 51:4; Isa 65:13; Jer 7:20; Amos 1:8; Amos 3:11; Amos 5:3; Amos 7:6; Obad 1:1 Ezekiel (131 t.); ׳י ׳נְאֻם א Isa 56:8; Jer 2:22; Amos 3:13; Amos 4:5; Amos 8:3; Amos 8:9; Amos 8:11 Ezekiel (80 t.); ׳י ׳דְּבַראֿ Ezek 6:3; Ezek 25:3; Ezek 36:4 ׳י ׳נִשְׁבַּע א Amos 4:2; Amos 6:8 ׳י ׳כֹּה הִרְאַנִי א Amos 7:1; Amos 7:4; Amos 8:1.

5. יהוה אֲדֹנָי Yahweh my Lord Ps 68:21; Ps 109:21; Ps 140:8; Ps 141:8; Hab 3:9.

6. אֲדֹנָי יהוה צְבָאוֺת
(a) my Lord Yahweh ‚. (see צבאות) Ps 69:7; Amos 9:5; Isa 10:23; Isa 22:5; Isa 22:12; Isa 28:22 compare ׳אֱלֹהֵי הַצְבָאוֺת א ׳י, Yahweh, the God of Hosts my Lord Amos 5:16
(b) a divine name, Adonay, Yahweh ‚. Jer 46:10 (twice in verse); Jer 50:25
(c) uncertain are ׳צ ׳י ׳כֹּה אָמַר א Isa 10:24; Isa 22:14; Isa 22:15 ׳נְאֻם א ׳צ ׳י Isa 3:15; Jer 2:19; Jer 49:5; Jer 50:31.

lord, lords, god

ʾădōnāy

the Lord (used as a proper name of God only)

my lord, lord

of men

יְהוִ֔ה

Root word a name — transliterate it ("God")

Dictionary form: יְהֹוִה · yeh-hoh-WIH

Noun — Proper Name

In the KJV here: god

god ×247 and unto god ×1 me o god ×1 o god ×1

More options

Lord God — Common reverent rendering combining titles; broad use.

Sovereign Lord — Emphasizes God's supreme authority and rule.

LORD God — Follows scholarly convention: small caps mark the divine name.

the Eternal God — Highlights the timeless nature implied by the name.

Yahweh God — Preserves the Hebrew divine name; preferred in academic translations.

BDB2100 H3068 H3069 H1961 H430 H589 H2022 H6635

יהוה_{c. 6823} i.e. יַהְוֶה proper name, of deity Yahweh, the proper name of the God of Israel — (

1. ᵑ0 יְהוָֺה^C518 (Qr אֲדֹנָי), or יֱהוִֺה₃₀₅ (Qr אֱלֹהִים), in the combinations אדני יהוה & יהוה אדני (see אֲדֹנֶי), and with preposition בַּיהוָֺה, לַיהוָֺה, מֵיהוָֺה (Qr בַּאדֹנָי, לַאדֹנָי, מֵאדֹנָי), do not give the original form. ᵐ5 and other Vrss follow the Qr. On the basis of Exod 20:7; Lev 24:11 יהוה was regarded as a nomen ineffabile (see Philo^{de Vita Mosis iii. 519, 529}), called by the Jews הַשֵּׁם and by the Samaritans שׁימא. The pronunciation Jehovah was unknown until 1520, when it was introduced by Galatinus; but it was contested by Le Mercier, J. Drusius, and L. Capellus, as against grammatical and historical propriety (compare Bö^{§ 88}). The traditional Ἰαβέ of Theodoret and Epiphanius, the יָֿהוּ, יְהוֺֿ of compound proper name and the contracted form יָהּ all favour יַהְוֶךְ (compare יַהֲלֹמ֑וּן Ps 74:6 תַּהֲרוּ Isa 33:11), see Lag^{Sym i.14} Baud^{Studien i.179 ff.}; Dr^{Stud.Bib.i.1 ff.} For Jeve see Sta^{ZAW 1881, 346} De^{ib.1882, 173 f. & Gn. Excurs. ii.}

2. on literature of interpretations see Nes^Eg.67 Dr^{l.c. — Many recent scholars explain} יַהְוֶה as Hiph`il of היה (=היה) the one bringing into being, life-giver (compare חַוָּה Gen 3:20) Schr HSch; giver of existence, creator, Kue Tiele; he who brings to pass (so already Le Clerc),performer of his promises, Lag, Nes^Eg.88 (but Nes^{Eg.91 inclines to Qal as} RS^{Brit. & For. Ev. Rev} see below); or from היה he who causes to fall, rain or lightning RS^{OTJC.ed.1, 423; om.ed.2, 245}, compare We^{Skizzen iii.175}; 'Fäller,' destroying foes, Sta^G.i.429 (dubiously). But most take it as Qal of הוה (= היה); the one who is: i.e. the absolute and unchangeable one, Ri; the existing, ever living, as self-consistent and unchangeable, Di; or the one ever coming into manifestation as the God of redemption, De Oehl; compare also RS^{Brit. & For. Ev. Rev. 1876}, he will be it, i.e all that his servants look for (compare Ew^infr), he will approve himself (give evidence of being, assert his being Dr^l.c.17)).

**Theories of non-Hebrew or non-Semitic origin, opposed (in their older forms) by Bau^{Rel. i. 181 ff. (see especially 230)}; Dl^{Pa 162 ff.} claimed Babylonian origin for יהו, against this Kue^{national Religions, etc., Note iv (Eng. Trans. 329 ff.)} Jastr^{JBL xiil {1894}, 103 f.} compare Hpt^{BAS i. 170 N}; Dl^{Babel u. Bibel, 46 f., 73 f.} makes same claim for יהוה, against this see especially Hirsch^{ZAW xxiil {1903}, 355 ff.} Zim^{KATS. 465 ff.}; Spiegelb^{ZMG:liii {1899}, 633 ff.} proposes (improbable) Egyptian etymology for יהוה; further discussions see in Kö^{EB NAMES, § 112 and n.3}. 'Jehovah' found in Jacob (? Johannes) Wessel († 1480), according to Schw^{ThLZ, 1905, col. 612}.

I. יהוה is not used by E in Genesis, but is given Exod 3:12-15 as the name of the God who revealed Himself to Moses at Horeb, and is explained thus : אֶהְיֶה עִמָּ֑ךְ I shall be with thee (Exod 3:12), which is then implied in אֶהְיֶה אֲשֶׁר אֶהְיֶה I shall be the one who will be it vExod 3:14a (i.e: with thee vExod 3:12) and then compressed into אֶהְיֶה vExod 3:14b (i.e. with thee vExod 3:12), which then is given in the nominal form יהוה He who will be it vExod 3:15 (i.e. with thee vExod 3:12). compare Ew^{BTh ii. 337, 338} RS^{l.c., Proph. 385 ff.} Other interpretations are: I am he who I am, i.e. it is no concern of yours (Le Clerc Lag^{Psalt.Hieron.156}); I am (this is my name), inasmuch as I am (אֲשֶׁר = כִּי; AE JDMich We^JD Th xxi, 540 = compare Hexateuch 72); Di and others I am who I am, he who is essentially unnameable, inexplicable, — E uses יהוה sparingly by the side of אלהים and האלהים in his subsequent narrative. The Ephraimitic writers in Judges Samuel Kings use it in similar proportions. P abstains from the use of יהוה until he gives an account of its revelation to Moses Exod 6:3 but subsequently uses it freely. He gives no explanation of its meaning. He represents that אֵל שַׁדַּי was the God of the patriarchs. J uses יהוה from the beginning of his narrative, possibly explaining it, Gen 21:83 by אל עולם, the evergreen tamarisk being a symbol of the ever-living God; compare De Gen 21:33. Elsewhere יהוה is the common divine name in pre-exilic writers, but in post-exilic writers gradually falls into disuse, and is supplanted by אלהים and אדני. In Job it is used 31 t. in prose parts, and Job 12:9 (a proverb); not elsewhere in the poem. Chronicles apart from his sources prefers אלהים and האלהים. Daniel uses יהוה only in chap. 9 (7 t.); Ecclesiastes not at all. In the Elohistic group of Psalm 42-83 it is used 39 t. (see אלהים) . It occurs as the name of Israel's God MI¹⁸. It is doubtful whether it was used by other branches of the Shemitic family, compare COT Gen 2:4b Dl^{Pa 158 ff.} Dr^{Stud. Bib. i. 7 ff}.

II. 1. יהוה is used with אלהים and suffixes, especially in D;
a. with אֱלֹהֶיךָ in the Ten Words Exod 20:2-12 (5 t.) = Deut 5:6-16 in the law of worship of J E, Exod 23:19; Exod 34:24; Exod 34:26 in D 234 t.; Josh 1:9; Josh 1:17; Josh 9:9; Josh 9:24 (D²); elsewhere Gen 27:20; Exod 15:26 (JE), Judg 6:26 Samuel & Kings 20 t.; 1Chr 11:2; 1Chr 22:11; 1Chr 22:12; 2Chr 9:8 (twice in verse); 2Chr 16:7; Isa 7:11; Isa 37:4 (twice in verse); Isa 41:13; Isa 43:3; Isa 51:15; Isa 55:5; Jer 40:2 + (3t.); Hos 12:10; Hos 13:4; Hos 14:2; Amos 9:15; Ps 81:11.
b. with אֱלֹהֵיכֶם in D 46 t.; D² 28 t.; H 15 t.; P 15 t.; elsewhere Exod 23:25 (E); Exod 8:24; Exod 10:8; Exod 10:16; Exod 10:17 (JE); Judg 6:10; 1Sam 12:12; 1Sam 12:14; 2Kgs 17:39; 2Kgs 23:21; 1Chr 22:18 + (10 t. Chronicles) Ps 76:12; Jer 13:16 + (5 t.) Ezek 20:5; Ezek 20:7; Ezek 20:19; Ezek 20:20; Joel 2:13 + (6 t.) Zech 6:15.
c. with אֱלֹהֵינוּ in D 23 t.; in D² 5 t.; Exod 8:6 (JE) Exod 3:18; Exod 5:3; Exod 8:22; Exod 8:23; Exod 10:25; Exod 10:26 (E) Judg 11:24; 1Sam 7:8; 1Kgs 8:57; 1Kgs 8:59; 1Kgs 8:61; 1Kgs 8:65; 2Kgs 18:22; 2Kgs 19:10 = Isa 36:7; Isa 37:20; 1Chr 13:2 + (15 t. Chronicles) Mic 4:5; Mic 7:17; Isa 26:13; Jer 3:22 + (17 t.) Ps 20:8; Ps 90:17 (?;Baer אֲדנָֹי); Ps 94:23; Ps 99:5; Ps 99:8; Ps 99:9 (twice in verse); Ps 105:7; Ps 106:47; Ps 113:5; Ps 122:9; Ps 123:2; Dan 9:10; Dan 9:13; Dan 9:14.
d. with אֱלֹהֵיהֶם Exod 10:7 (J) Exod 29:46 (twice in verse); Lev 26:44 (P) Judg 3:7; Judg 8:34; 1Sam 12:9; 1Kgs 9:9; 2Kgs 17:7; 2Kgs 17:9; 2Kgs 17:14; 2Kgs 17:16; 2Kgs 17:19; 2Kgs 18:12; 2Chr 31:6; 2Chr 33:17; 2Chr 34:33; Neh 9:3 (twice in verse); Neh 9:4; Jer 3:21; Jer 22:9; Jer 30:9; Jer 43:1 (twice in verse); Jer 50:4; Ezek 28:26; Ezek 34:30; Ezek 39:22; Ezek 39:28; Hos 1:7; Hos 3:5; Hos 7:10; Zeph 2:7; Hag 1:12 (twice in verse); Zech 9:16; Zech 10:6.
e. with אֱלֹהָיו Num 23:21 (E) Exod 32:11 (J) Lev 4:22 (P) Deut 17:19; Deut 18:7; 1Sam 30:6; 1Kgs 5:17; 1Kgs 11:4; 1Kgs 15:3; 1Kgs 15:4; 1Kgs 2:11; 1Kgs 16:2; 1Kgs 2:1 + 13 t. Chronicles; Mic 5:3; Jer 7:28; Ps 33:12; Ps 144:15; Ps 146:5; Jonah 2:2. feminine with אֱלֹהַי Num 22:18 (JE) Deut 4:5; Deut 18:16; Deut 26:14; Josh 14:8; Josh 14:9; 2Sam 24:24; 1Kgs 3:7; 1Kgs 5:18; 1Kgs 5:19; 1Kgs 8:28; 1Kgs 17:20; 1Kgs 17:21; 1Chr 21:17; 1Chr 22:7; 2Chr 2:3; 2Chr 6:19; 2Chr 9:5; Ps 7:2; Ps 7:4; Ps 13:4; Ps 18:29; Ps 30:3; Ps 30:13; Ps 35:24; Ps 40:6; Ps 104:1; Ps 109:26; Isa 25:1; Jer 31:18; Dan 9:4; Dan 9:20; Jonah 2:7; Hab 1:12; Zech 11:4; Zech 13:9; Zech 14:5.
g. with אֱלֹהַיִךְ Isa 60:9; Jer 2:17; Jer 2:19; Jer 3:13; Mic 7:10; Zeph 3:17.
h. with אלהים, probably always due to later editors, or to a Qr which has crept into the text Gen 2:4b — Gen 3:23 (J, 20 t. either אלהים inserted by R^P as Di De; or יהוה inserted by J in an older source); Exod 9:30 (J, but not in ᵐ5 ⅏; Samaritan אדני יהוה; possibly ᵑ0 from earlier Qr, & ⅏ from later Qr); 2Sam 7:22; 2Sam 7:25 (ᵐ5 אדני יהוה and 1Chr 17:20-23 only יהוה); 1Chr 17:16; 1Chr 17:17 (but 2Sam 7:18; 2Sam 7:19 אדני יהוה) 1Chr 28:20; 1Chr 29:1; 2Chr 1:9; 2Chr 6:41 (twice in verse); 2Chr 6:42; 2Chr 26:18 (but in the original Ps 132:8 stood יהוה (so ℌ), or else no divine name); Ps 72:18 (the late doxology) Ps 84:12 (but it makes the line too long); Jonah 4:6. For the combinations with other divine names see those names.

2. the phrase אֲנִי יהוה is noteworthy: —
a. after אמר either alone Exod 6:2; Exod 6:29 (P) or before relative and other clauses: Gen 28:13 (J) Gen 15:7 (R) Exod 6:6 (P) with אלהיכם Judg 6:10; Ezek 20:5.
b. after ידע כי (α) Exod 7:17; Exod 8:18; Exod 10:2 (J); Exod 7:5; Exod 14:4; Exod 14:18 (P); 1Kgs 20:13; 1Kgs 20:28; Jer 24:7; Ezek 6:7 + 48 t. Ezekiel; (β) with אלהיכם Exod 6:7; Exod 16:12; Deut 29:5 (P) Exod 20:20; Joel 4:17 (γ) with אלהיהם Exod 29:46 (P) Ezek 28:26; Ezek 34:30; Ezek 39:22; Ezek 39:28 (δ) before relative and other clauses Isa 45:3; Isa 49:23; Isa 49:26; Isa 60:16; Ezek 7:9; Ezek 17:24; Ezek 21:10; Ezek 22:22; Ezek 35:12; Ezek 36:36 (ε) with various forms of קדשׁ Exod 31:13 (P) Ezek 20:12; Ezek 37:28; Ezek 39:7 (ζ) with דברתי Ezek 5:13; Ezek 17:21, compare ׳יֵדְעוּ אשׁר אני י Ezek 20:26.
c. after כִּי in various combinations Lev 11:44; Lev 11:45; Num 35:34 (P), Lev 20:7; Lev 20:26; Lev 21:8; Lev 21:15; Lev 21:23; Lev 22:16; Lev 24:22; Lev 25:17; Lev 26:1; Lev 26:44 (all H); Exod 15:26 (R) Isa 41:13; Isa 43:3; Isa 61:8; Jer 9:23; Ezek 12:25; Ezek 21:4; Zech 10:6; Mal 3:6.
d. emphatic Exod 6:8; Exod 12:12; Lev 26:2; Lev 26:45; Num 3:13; Num 3:41; Num 3:45 (all P); Lev 18:5; Lev 18:6; Lev 18:21; Lev 19:12; Lev 19:14; Lev 19:16; Lev 19:18; Lev 19:28; Lev 19:30; Lev 19:32; Lev 19:37; Lev 21:12; Lev 22:2; Lev 22:3; Lev 22:8; Lev 22:30; Lev 22:31; Lev 22:33 (all H) Isa 43:15 with אלהיהם Exod 29:46 with אלהיךָ Isa 48:17 with אלהיכם Lev 23:43; Lev 25:38; Lev 25:55; Num 10:10; Num 15:41 (twice in verse) (P) Lev 18:2; Lev 18:4; Lev 18:30; Lev 19:2; Lev 19:3; Lev 19:4; Lev 19:10; Lev 19:25; Lev 19:31; Lev 19:34; Lev 19:36; Lev 20:24; Lev 23:22; Lev 26:13 (all H) Ezek 20:7; Ezek 20:19; Joel 2:27 with מְקַדֵּשׁ Lev 20:8; Lev 22:9; Lev 22:32 (H), with דברתי Num 14:35 (P) Ezek 5:15 + (11 t. Ezekiel); with clauses Isa 27:3; Isa 41:4; Isa 41:17; Isa 42:6; Isa 42:8; Isa 45:5; Isa 45:6; Isa 45:7; Isa 45:8; Isa 45:18; Isa 45:19; Isa 45:21; Isa 60:22; Jer 17:10; Jer 32:27; Ezek 14:4; Ezek 14:7; Ezek 14:9; Ezek 34:24 אָנֹכִי יהוה is used in the Ten Words Exod 20:2; Exod 20:5 = Deut 5:6; Deut 5:9 cited Ps 81:11; Hos 12:10; Hos 13:4 elsewhere only Exod 4:11 (J) Isa 43:11; Isa 44:24; Isa 51:15.

3. יהוה is also used with several predicates, to form sacred names of holy places of Yahweh יהוה יראה Gen 22:14 (J); יהוה נסי Exod 17:15 (E) יהוה שׁלים Judg 6:24 יהוה צדקנו Jer 33:16 (compare Jer 23:6 where it is applied to the Messiah); יהוה שָׁ֑מָּה Ezek 48:35. — On combinations such as ׳הַר י, צְבָאוֺת ׳י etc., see הַר, צָבָא, etc.

Note. — Bonk^{ZAW 1891, 126 ff.} seems to shew that as prefix, in compare proper name, יְהוֺ is the oldest and the latest form and that יוֺ is intermediate, belonging to the earlier post-exilic period until the time of Chronicles; occasional copyists' mistakes being taken into the account.

BDB3483 H3068 H3069

יהוה proper name, of deity, see below הוה.

god

yĕhōwi

God

Jehovah—used primarily in the combination 'Lord Jehovah'

equal to H3068 but pointed with the vowels of H0430

וְ נָטִ֤תִי

וְ

Prefix — connector and (sometimes: but, so, then)

נָטִ֤תִי

Root word out, aside, forth, incline, inclined, …

Dictionary form: נָטָה · naw-TAW

Verb — Qal, Sequential Perfect (Weqatal), first person singular simple action — "he did" carries the story forward — try "and he will ___" the built-in subject is "I"

In the KJV here: i will also stretch out

incline ×10 inclined ×10 stretched out ×6 and pitched ×5 is stretched out still ×5 stretch out ×5 stretched forth ×5 and with a stretched out ×4

More options

stretch out — Best for physical extension of arm, hand, or rod.

extend — Slightly more formal; suits abstract or spatial spreading.

incline — Ideal for inner disposition: incline the heart or ear.

turn — Use when direction or deviation is the focus.

pitch — Specifically for setting up a tent or camp.

bend — Good for bowing or deflecting; physical or metaphorical.

BDB5153 H5186

נָטָה₂₁₅ verb stretch out, spread out, extend, incline, bend (Late Hebrew id., incline, spread tent, etc.; Arabic stretch out); —

Qal₁₃₇ Perfect 3 masculine singular ׳נ Gen 33:19 +; 3 feminine singular נָָֽכְתָה Num 22:33 2 masculine singular נָטִיתָ Exod 15:12 3 plural נָטוּ Ps 21:42; Isa 45:12, נָטָ֫יוּ Ps 73:2 Qr, etc.; Imperfect יִטֶּה Job 15:29, jussive יֵט Zeph 2:13 וַיֵּט Gen 12:8 +, וַיֶּטֿ Gen 26:27; 1Chr 15:1 3 feminine singular תִּטֶּה Job 31:7, וַתֵּט Num 22:23 + 2 t.; 2 masculine singular jussive תֵּט Prov 4:5; Prov 4:27 3 masculine plural וַיִּטּוּ 1Sam 8:3 1 plural נִטֶּה Num 20:17; Num 21:22 Imperative נְטֵה Exod 8:1 +; Infinitive construct נְטוֺת Judg 19:8 + 4 t., נְטֹת Exod 23:2 suffix נְטֹתִי Exod 7:5, נְטוֺתוֺ Ps 109:23 Participle active נֹטֶה Jer 10:20 + 6 t., נוֺטֶה Ezek 25:16 + 3 t.; suffix נוֺטֵיהָם Isa 42:5 passive נָטוּי Ps 62:4 + 2 t., + Ps 73:2 (see below); feminine singular נְטוּיָה Isa 5:25 + 24 t., plural נְטֻיוֺת Isa 3:16 Qr (Kt נטוות): —

1. a. stretch out, extend, hand, rod, usually with accusative + עַל of direction Exod 9:22; Exod 9:23; Exod 10:12; Exod 10:13; Exod 10:21; Exod 10:22 (all E), Exod 7:19; Exod 14:16; Exod 14:21; Exod 14:26; Exod 14:27 (all P), absolute Josh 8:19 (JE), Exod 8:12 (P); with ב of dart or rod בַּכִּידוֺן אֶלֿ ׳נ Josh 8:18 (twice in verse) (JE), יָָֽדְךָ בְּמַטֶּ֔ךָ עַלֿ ׳נ Exod 8:1 (P), compare v.Exod 8:2 and (עַל omitted) v.Exod 8:13 (all P), Josh 8:26 (JE); figurative of hostility to God יָדוֺ אֶלֿ ׳נ Job 15:25 especially of God stretching out his hand over (עַל) often with idea of against, i.e. in judgment, Isa 5:25; Isa 23:11; Zeph 1:4; Zeph 2:13; Ezek 6:14 + 7 t. Ezekiel; Exod 7:5 (P); with אֶלֿ against Joel Exod 51:25, compare sword Ezek 30:25 absolute Exod 15:12 (song); passive participle גָּרוֺן ׳נ Isa 3:16 outstretched of neck; often זְרוֺע נְטוּיָה arm stretched out (of ׳י) to deliver, Deut 4:34 + 14 t. (see זְרוֺעַ); ׳אֶזְרוֺעַ נ Jer 32:21 ׳יָד נ, to oppose, Jer 21:5 עוֺד יָדוֺ נְטוּיָה in judgment, Isa 5:25 (|| לֹא שָׁב אַפּוֺ), so Isa 9:11; Isa 9:16; Isa 9:20; Isa 10:4 (all || id.), compare Isa 14:27 הַיָּד הַנְּטוּיָה עַלֿ vIsa 14:26 נָטִיתִי יָדִי Prov 1:24 (of wisdom's appeal; || קָרָאתִי).
b. stretch line and plummet,
c. עַל 2Kgs 21:13 (subject ׳י figurative of destruction), compare Isa 34:11; Lam 2:8 line, of artisan's measurements (absolute) Isa 44:13, and (with עַל) Job 38:5.
c. = offer, only שָׁלוֺשׁ אֲנִי נֹטֶה עָלֶיךָ 1Chr 21:10 three things do I offer unto thee (so read probably also || 2Sam 24:12, see נטל).

2. Spread out, i.e. pitch, tent Gen 12:8; Gen 26:25; Gen 35:21 (all J), Gen 33:19 (E), Judg 4:11, compare Jer 43:10 figurative of establishing people Jer 10:20 of sacred tent Exod 33:7 (JE), 2Sam 6:17 = 1Chr 16:1; 1Chr 15:1; 2Chr 1:14 object heavens (spread out by ׳י as tent) Jer 10:12 + 9 t., compare Job 26:7 object likeness of firmament in Ezekiel's vision Ezek 1:22.

3. Bend, turn, incline:
a. intransitive, of wady Num 21:15 (J E; with לְ); turn aside, of Balaam's ass Num 22:23 (מִןהַֿדֶּרֶךְ), vNum 22:33 (מִפָּנַי), compare vNum 22:33 (לְפָנַי); with adverb accusative Num 22:26, so of Israel Num 20:17, and (with מֵעָלָיו) vNum 20:21 with ב into, Num 21:22 of individual 2Sam 2:19 (לָלֶכֶת עַל), v2Sam 2:21 (עַל), Jer 14:8 (c. infinitive); compare Gen 38:1 (עַד), vGen 38:16 (אֶלֿ); figurative of deviating from path of loyalty 1Kgs 2:28 (with אַחֲרֵי), compare Judg 9:3 (of heart), or of righteousness Exod 23:2 [yet on text compare Bu^{ZAW xi (1891), 113} Ry^{on the passage}], 1Sam 8:3 (all with אַחֲרֵי); with מִן Job 31:7; Ps 44:19, compare Prov 4:5 and (c. adverb accusative) vProv 4:27 ׳מֵעִם י 1Kgs 11:9 (of heart), compare Ps 119:51; Ps 119:157 incline, (of heart), with לְ 1Sam 14:7 (read לְבָֽבְךָ נָטָה or נֹטֶה ׳ל Th We Dr Klo Bu HPS Löhr); decline, of shadow on dial 2Kgs 20:10 (|| הָלַךְ, opposed to שׁוּב אֲחֹרַנִּית), figurative of failing life Ps 102:12; Ps 109:23 of day Judg 19:8 + vJudg 19:9 (text emendations, see GFM); bend down, יִטֶּה לָאָרֶץ Job 15:29, לִנְטוֺת בָּאָרֶץ Ps 17:11 (both dubious, see Commentaries); apparently וַיֵּט בְּכֹחַ Judg 16:30 and he bowed with all his might (after וַיִּלְפֹּת, וַיִּסָּמֵךְ; al. stretched himself i.e. gave a thrust, Be GFM, but verb less often intransitive in this sense); of ׳י, וַיֵּט אֵלַי Ps 40:2 and he inclined unto me, — וַתֵּט הַמִּלְחָמָה is read 1Sam 4:2 by ᵐ5 Dr Klo Bu, compare נָטַשׁ
b. less often transitive, bend, bow, וַיֵּט שִׁכְמוֺ לִסְבֹּל Gen 49:15 (Issachar under figure of ass); קְיר נָטוּי Ps 62:4 (simile of fate of wicked; || גָּדֵר הַדְּחוּיָה); here belongs also probably וַאֲנִי כִּמְעַט נָטוּי רַגְלָ֑י Ps 73:2 (Kt) and I was almost prostrated as to my feet (i.e. by stumbling; Qr נָטָיוּ Perfect 3 masculine plural but needless, compare Bae; || כְּאַיִן שֻׁפְּכֻה אֲשֻׁרָֽי ׃); לִבִּי ׳נ Ps 119:112 I have inclined my heart (c. infinitive); of ׳י, וַיֵּט שָׁמַיִם וַיֵּרַד֑ 2Sam 22:10 = Ps 18:10 also figurative, hold out, extend unto, of ׳י, object חֶסֶד Gen 39:21 (J), שָׁלוֺם etc., Isa 66:12 (both with אֶלֿ); of men רָעָח Ps 21:12 (עַל). Niph`al be stretched out; — Perfect 3 masculine plural נִטָּ֫יוּ Num 24:6 (J E; compare II. נַחַל); Imperfect 3 masculine singular יִנָּטֶה עַלֿ Zech 1:16 (of measuring line, for building); stretch themselves out, i.e. grow long, 3 masculine plural יִנָּטוּ Jer 6:4 (of shadows, || פָּנָה הַיּוֺם). Hiph`il₇₅ Perfect הִטָּה Ezra 7:28; Ps 116:2, suffix הִטָּ֫הוּ 3 feminine singular suffix הִטַּ֫תּוּ Prov 7:21 1 singular הִטִּיתִי Prov 5:13 3 plural הִטּוּ Amos 5:12 + 8 t.; 2 masculine plural הִטִּיתֶם Jer 25:4; Jer 35:15 Imperfect יַטֶּה Isa 31:3, וַיַּט 2Sam 9:15; 2 masculine singular תַּמֶּה Exod 23:6 + 3 t., jussive תַּט Ps 27:9; Ps 141:4 1 singular אַטֶּה Jer 6:12; Ps 49:5, אָ֑ט Job 23:11, וְאַט Hos 11:4, but read perhaps וָאַט (compare Now) as Jer 15:6 etc.; Imperative הַטֵּה 2Kgs 19:16 + 7 t., הַט Ps 17:6 + 5 t. Psalms, Proverbs; feminine singular הַטִּי Gen 24:14; Ps 45:11 masculine plural הַטּוּ Josh 24:23 + 3 t.; Infinitive construct לְהַטּוֺת Isa 10:8 + 4 t., לְהַטֹּת Exod 23:2 suffix לְהַטּוֺתָהּ Num 22:23 Participle מַטֶּה Deut 27:19 masculine plural מַטִּים Ps 125:5, construct מַטֵּי Mal 3:5 —

1. rarely stretch out (as Qal 1), hand Isa 31:3 (of ׳י in hostility), with עַל Jer 6:12; Jer 15:6.

2. rarely spread out cloth on (אֶל) rock 2Sam 21:10 as Qal 2: tent 2Sam 16:22 (+ ל person), tent-curtains (figurative of growth) Isa 54:2.

3. usually turn, incline, with accusative, in many senses:
a. literally turn ass into (accusative) road Num 22:23 (JE); take aside 2Sam 3:27 (accusative of person + אֶלֿ), 2Sam 6:10 (accusative of thing + accusative = to) = 1Chr 13:13 (אֶלֿ); incline, turn jar of water Gen 24:14 (J; to give drink); intransitive only יַטּוּ עַלֿ Amos 2:8 on garments taken in pledge they recline, and הַטּוּ מִנֵּיאֹֿרַח Isa 30:11 turn aside, out of the path (i.e. do not interfere with us; || סוּרוּ מִנֵּידֶֿרֶךְ).
b. figurative, הַמַּטִּים עֲקַלְקַלּוֺתָם Ps 125:5 those turning aside their crooked (ways), i.e. making their ways crooked; compare (negative) Job 23:11.
c. turn, = influence, heart 2Sam 19:15 turn (away) heart (cause to apostatize) 1Kgs 11:2; 1Kgs 11:4 (with אַחֲרֵי), v1Kgs 11:3 (absolute); לֵב subject, with accusative of person Isa 44:20 compare Job 36:18 (accusative of person); of persuasion, with accusative of person Prov 7:21 (|| תַּדִּיחֶנּוּ).
d. incline one's own heart unto (אֶל) God and his commands, Josh 24:23 (E), compare Prov 2:2 (ל); subject ׳י, 1Kgs 8:58; Ps 119:36, with עַלֿ Prov 21:1 negative (with ל) Ps 141:4.
e. especially incline the ear, of men (in obedience to God), usually || שָׁמַע: absolute Jer 7:24 + 6 t. Jeremiah (all negative), so Jer 25:4; Jer 44:5 (+ infinitive), Isa 55:3 to inspired teacher Prov 4:20 (|| הִקְשִׁיב), Prov 5:1 (|| id.) vProv 5:13 (all with ל), Prov 22:17; Ps 45:11; Ps 78:1 (הַאֲזִינָה); to receive revelation Ps 49:5 of God, listening to men, sometimes || שָׁמַע: 2Kgs 19:16 = Isa 37:17; Dan 9:18, with ל Ps 17:6 also (with אֶלֿ Ps 31:3; Ps 71:2; Ps 102:3, with לְ Ps 88:3; Ps 116:2, absolute Ps 86:1 once וְאַט אֵלָיו Hos 11:4 and I used to incline etc. (either rare intransitive, or object omitted, e.g. אָזְנִי read perhaps וָאַט (וָאֵט ?) and I inclined, after וָאָהְיֶה). feminine bend down heavens, of ׳י (compare Qal 3 b), Ps 144:5 = hold out, extend unto (from above, עַל) Ezra 7:28; Ezra 9:9 (object חֶסֶד).
g. thrust aside, especially with accusative מִשְׁפָּט of perverting or wresting justice: Exod 23:6 (E), 1Sam 8:3; Deut 16:19; Deut 24:17; Deut 27:19; Lam 3:35, compare Amos 2:7 לְהַטּוֺת אָרְחוֺת מִשְׁפָּט Prov 17:23 also with accusative of person לְהַטּוֺת מִדִּין דַּלִּים Isa 10:2; Amos 5:12; Isa 29:21; Mal 3:5, יַטּוּ אֶבְיֹנִים מִדָּ֑רֶךְ Job 24:4, לְהַטּוֺת צַדִּיק בַּמִּשְׁפָּט Prov 18:5 here belongs probably לְהַטֹּת Exod 23:2 (E; absolute), perhaps insert מִשְׁפָּט (compare Bu^{ZAW xi. (1891), 113} Ry^{on the passage}).
h. thrust away, of ׳י, אַלתַּֿט בְּאַף עַבְדֶּ֑ךָ Ps 27:9 compare עֲוֺנוֺתֵיכֶם הִטּוּאֵֿלֶּה Jer 5:25 your iniquities have thrust away (deprived you of) these (harvests).

out, aside, forth, incline, inclined, …

nāṭâ

to stretch or spread out; by implication, to bend away (including moral deflection); used in a great variety of application (as follows)

to stretch out, extend, spread out, pitch, turn, pervert, incline, bend, bow

(Qal)

to stretch out, extend, stretch, offer

to turn aside, incline, decline, bend down

to stretch out

יָדִ י֙

יָדִ

Root word hand, hands, by, next, power, …

י֙

Suffix — pronoun my / me

Dictionary form: יָד · yawd

Noun — Common, both singular, construct state "___ of …" — bound to the next word

In the KJV here: mine hand

his hand ×100 hand ×94 into the hand ×56 thine hand ×53 by the hand ×51 in his hand ×47 the hand ×46 by ×36

More options

hand — Most common rendering; use for literal physical hand.

power — Prefer when יָד conveys authority or control over someone.

care — Use for custody, charge, or stewardship contexts.

side — Spatial sense; beside or next to a location.

strength — When emphasizing capacity or force rather than body part.

control — Modern alternative to 'dominion'; fits governance contexts.

BDB3437 H3027

יָד₁₆₀₄ noun feminine^{Gen 25:26} + often (masculine Exod 17:12 see Di; on יִרְפּוּ יָדַיִם 2Sam 4:1; Zeph 3:16; 2Chr 15:7; Neh 6:9, see Ges^{«GKC:145»§ 145}, 7 a, R. 1) hand (Late Hebrew id.; Aramaic יְדָא, ; Zinjirliיד DHM^{Sendsch.Gloss}; Arabic ; Sabean יד DHM^{ZMG 1883, 343} Mordt^{ib. 1879, 492}; Ethiopic : (see Lag^{BN 22}); Samaritan ; Assyrian îdu, strength COT^Gloss; — der by most from √ לי֞, on ground of plural and suffix forms in cognate languages, see especially Philippi^{ZMG 1878, 74} Ba^{ZMG 1887, 637} but no trace of final י or ו in Hebrew, and meaning of such √ לי֞ not clear; Thes and others from ידה extend, throw, but this in Arabic Ethiopic פו֞, not פי֞, compare Hebrew Hiph`il; Philippi compare Arabic IV. strengthen; — Sta^{§ 182, 183 regards} יד as biliteral) — absolute יָד Gen 38:28 +; construct יַד Gen 41:35 +; suffix יָדִי Gen 14:22 +; יָדְךָ Gen 22:12 + יָדְכָה Exod 13:16 יֶדְכֶם Gen 9:2 +; יֶדְכֶן Ezek 13:21 (twice in verse); Ezek 13:23, etc.; dual יָדַיִם Gen 34:21 +; construct יְדֵי Gen 24:30 + וִידֵי Exod 15:17 +, etc.; feminine plural (in figurative senses) absoluteיָדוֺת Gen 43:24 + 8 t.; יָדֹת Gen 47:24 + 2 t.; construct וִידוֺת 1Kgs 7:32 suffix יְדֹתָיו Exod 26:19 (twice in verse) + 2 t.; cstr יְדֹתֶיהָ 1Kgs 7:35; 1Kgs 7:36.; יְדוֺתָם 1Kgs 7:33 —

1. hand of man Gen 3:22; Gen 4:11; Gen 8:9 + often; תַּבְנִית יָד Ezek 8:3 the shape of a hand (of God in Ezek,'s vision); of cherubim יַד אָדָם ׳ת Ezek 10:8, דְּמוּת יְדֵי אָדָם V:21:
a. right hand יַדיְֿמִינ (וֺׅ Gen 48:17 (JE), Judg 7:20; 2Sam 20:9; Jer 22:24; Ezek 39:3; Ps 73:23; Ps 121:5 הַיְמָנִית[ ם]יד Exod 29:20; Lev 8:23; Lev 8:24; Lev 14:14; Lev 14:17; Lev 14:25; Lev 14:28 (all P); a left-handed man is אִטֵּר יַדיְֿמִינוֺ Judg 3:15; Judg 20:16 (V.אטר); left hand יַד שְׂמאֹל(וֺׅ Judg 3:21; Judg 7:20; Ezek 39:8 both hands of one person are denoted by dual, יָדַיִם Gen 27:22; 2Kgs 3:11 + often; occasionally + numeral, שְׁתֵּי יָדָ֑י Deut 9:15; Deut 9:17, so Lev 16:21 (P); dual also of hands of several persons Gen 5:29; Exod 29:10; Exod 29:15; Exod 29:19; Deut 31:29; 2Kgs 11:16 = 2Chr 23:15; Ezek 21:12 +; yet sometimes singular of hand of several persons Gen 19:16; Exod 29:9; Lev 8:24; Deut 1:25; Deut 17:7 (twice in verse); Judg 7:20 (twice in verse) +
b. שְׁתֵּי כַּפּוֺת ידיו 1Sam 5:4 the two palms of his hands; כַּפּוֺת הידים 2Kgs 9:35; Dan 10:10 אַצִּילוֺת יָדֶיךָ armpits Jer 38:12; Ezek 13:18 בֹּהֶן יָדָיו Exod 29:20 (P) = his thumbs (opposed to בֹּהֶן רַגְלָם); בְּהֹנוֺת יד(יו) ורגל(יוׅ Judg 1:6; Judg 1:7 bracelets were worn on hands, i.e. wrists Gen 24:22; Gen 24:30; Gen 24:47 (J), compare thread bound on hand of Zerach Gen 38:28 (twice in verse); Gen 38:29; Gen 38:30 (J), and cords on hands of Samson Judg 15:14 the ring was worn on hand, i.e. finger Gen 41:42 (E), Esth 3:10.
c.as to hands in use, note זְרֹעֵי ידיו Gen 49:24 arms of his hands, i.e. arms which make his hands serviceable; מִלֵּא יָדוֺ בַּקֶּשֶׁת 2Kgs 9:24 he filled his hand with the bow, i.e. caused his hand to grasp it, seized it; הַרְכֵּב יָדְךָ עַלהַֿקֶּשֶׁת 2Kgs 13:16 (twice in verse); especially figurative of consecrating or installing (as priest), מִלֵּא יַד he filled the hand of any one (perhaps originally gave the selected portions of animal-sacrifices to, see Lev 8:25 ff, so Di), installed as priest Judg 17:5; Judg 17:12. 1Kgs 13:33 (followed by וְ subordinate); elsewhere only P and late: Exod 28:41 (|| קִדַּשׁ), Exod 29:9 also vExod 29:29 (|| משׁח), vExod 29:33 קדּשׁ, vExod 29:35; Lev 8:33; Lev 2:9; Lev 16:33, followed by infinitive Lev 16:33 (|| משׁח), Lev 21:10 (|| יוּצַק שֶׁמֶן), Num 3:3(|| משׁח); מִלֵּאתֶם יֶרְכֶם ליהוה 2Chr 29:31 = ye have consecrated yourselves to ׳י, is addressed apparently to the whole congregation (otherwise Be Öttli, and Di Exod 32:29); so the same expression Exod 32:29 so the same expression Exod 32:29 (possibly) and 1Chr 29:5 (certainly) of offering gifts to ׳י; מִלְאוּ יָד֯ו Ezek 43:26 of consecrating the altar (|| כִּפֶּר, טִהַר); שָׁלַח יַד לְ Judg 5:26 stretch out hand to, so ישׁלח אֶלֿ 2Sam 6:6 (insert ידו Vrss Dr); hence מִשְׁלַח יד(כ)ם that to which one puts the hand, figurative, = undertaking, Deut 12:7; Deut 12:18; Deut 15:10; Deut 23:21; Deut 28:8; Deut 28:20 ; שׁלח יד also in hostile sense, with בְּ, Exod 22:7; 1Sam 24:7; 1Sam 24:11; 1Sam 26:11; Ps 55:21 +; compare מוֺאָב מִשְׁלוֺחַ יָדָם Isa 11:14 אֶבֶןיָֿד Num 35:17 (P) a stone (thrown from) the hand; כְּלִי עֵץיָֿד vNum 35:18 a weapon in the hand; מַקֵּל יָד Ezek 39:9 a staff in the hand; idols are ׳מַעֲשֵׂה יְדֵי וגו Isa 2:8 + often see מַעֲשֶׂה; man is work of God's hand Job 14:15.
d. special phrases: kissing with the hand וַתִּשַּׁק יָדִי לְפִי Job 31:27 (in silence) יָדִי שַׂמְתִּי לְמוֺ פִי Job 40:4; Mic 7:16 (עַלפֶּֿה); the creditor is בַּעַל מַשֵּׁה יָדוֺ Deut 15:2 the debt מַשָּׁא כָליָֿד Neh 10:32 תְּרוּמַת יֶדְכֶם Deut 12:6; Deut 12:11; Deut 12:17 heave-offering of your hand; the hand is placed תחת יָרֵךְ in taking an oath Gen 24:2 (J); lifted (הרים) to ׳י Gen 14:22 so perhaps יָד עַלכֵּֿס יָהּ Exod 17:16 (E) hand on the throne of Yah ! (but difficult, see Di VB); often with ׃נשׂא the hand is lifted (נשׂא) to heaven Deut 32:40 (of ׳י's oath, poem); elsewhere chiefly Ezekiel and P: simply lift (נשׂא) the hand (= נשׁבע), sq, infinitive Exod 6:8; Num 14:30 (both P), Ezek 20:28; Ezek 20:42; Ezek 47:14 followed by לְ person Ezek 20:5 (twice in verse) (strike out Co as gloss); followed by לְ person + infinitive Ezek 20:6; Ezek 20:15; Ezek 20:23 absolute Ezek 36:7 hence (citations) Neh 9:15; Ps 106:26 compare Neh 8:6 the people answered אָמֵן אָמֵן בְּמֹעַל יְדֵיהֶם; נשׂא יד(יםׅ elsewhere (of men) in prayer Ps 28:2 compare Ps 68:32, and יָדִי לַיְלָה נִגְּרָה Ps 77:3. Also of God, to give a signal Isa 49:29 to rescue Ps 10:12. יְנֹפֵף יָדוֺ Isa 10:32 he brandisheth his hand (Assyrian, in defiance); הֵנִיף יָדוֺ Isa 11:15 (of ׳י in judgment), compareIsa 19:16; Zech 2:13 (followed byעל); הֵנִיעַ יָדוֺ); Zeph 2:15 (in derision); הוֺשִׁיעַ ידלְ one's hand bringing deliverance to, gaining success, by force, for 1Sam 25:26 + (see Dr), insert also v1Sam 25:31 (ᵐ5 We Dr); the hand is weary יָגְָֽעָה 2Sam 23:10, it cleaves (דבק) to the sword (אֶלהַֿחֶרֶב) v2Sam 23:10 (both omitted by accident in || 1Chr 11:13, see VB); שֶׁכֶר יָד Lev 21:9 (H) fracture of hand = arm (|| שֶׁבֶר רגל); after נָתַן: give a pledge וִיִּתְּנוּ יָדָם לְהוֺצִיא נְשֵׁיהֶם Ezra 10:19 submit נָתַן יַד תַּחַת שְׁלֹמֹה 1Chr 29:24, i.e. they acknowledged him as their lord; תְּנויָֿד ליהוה; 2Chr 30:8 other phrase with preposition see below
e. of hand as strong, helpful, etc.: — (I) of man : עֹצֶם יָדִי Deut 8:17 (|| כֹּחִי); of fighting power of Edom בְּיָד חֲזָקָה Num 20:20 (J E; || בְּעַם כָּבֵד; compare below of God); קִצְרֵייָֿד small in power 2Kgs 19:26 = Isa 37:27 (compare below of God); Israel went out of Egypt בְּיָד רָמָה according to P, Exod 14:8; Num 33:3 i.e. boldly, defiantly; same phrase of presumptuousness (against ׳י) Num 15:30 (P, compare יָדֵנוּ רָ֫מָהDeut 32:27). Phrases of strengthening are: חִזַּק יָדָתו Judg 9:24; Neh 6:9 חִזֵּק בְּיָדַיִם Ezra 1:6 החזיק בְּיַדֿ Job 8:20 (see חזק); לִהְיוֺת יָדָיו אִתּוֺ 2Kgs 15:19 that his hands might be with him, to confirm the kingdom in his hand; note also מִיהֿוּא לְיָדִי יִתָּקֵעַ Job 17:3 who is he (that) will strike his hand into mine, i.e. give me a pledge (see below תקע); strength fails when hands drop: וַיִּרְפּוּ יָדָיו 2Sam 4:1 then his hands dropped down, he grew feeble, spiritless (see רפה); רְפֵי יָדַיִם 2Sam 17:2 weak-handed, weak (|| יָגֵעַ). (2) of (mighty) hand of God, pointing to earlier anthropomorphism; as strengthening Joseph Gen 49:24 (poem in J); as stretched out (שׁלח) to smite Exod 9:15 (J); so of ׳מַלְאַךְ י 2Sam 24:16, followed by accusative + לְ infinitive, opposed to הֶ֫רֶף יָדֶ֑ךָ v2Sam 24:16 as smiting (נָָֽגְעָה בְּ) 1Sam 6:9; Job 19:21 as against (בְ among, in) cattle, etc., vJob 19:3 (J); city 1Sam 5:9 the murrain v1Sam 5:3 (J); יַדיֿהוה as heavy against (כבדה אֶל) 1Sam 5:6 שָׁם כָּֽבְדָה v1Sam 5:11 קָֽשְׁתה עַל v1Sam 5:7 of withdrawal of ׳י's chastising hand תָּסוּר יָדוֺ מִכֶּם 1Sam 6:3 and (׳י subject) יָקֵל אֶתיָֿדוֺ מֵעֲלֵיכֶם v1Sam 6:5 of ׳י's power to deliver his people: — חֹ֫זֶק יָד Exod 13:3; Exod 13:14; Exod 13:16 (all J E) ; יָד חֲזָקָה Exod 6:1 (twice in verse) (JE), Exod 13:9 (JE), Deut 6:21; Deut 7:8; Josh 4:24 (D); esp: in phrase (בְּ)יָד חֲזָקָה וּ(בִ)זְרוֺעַ נְטוּיָה Deut 4:34 + (see זְרוֺעַ p. 284); יד חזקה + כֹּחַ גָּדוֺל Exod 32:11 (JE), Neh 1:10 תִּקְצָ֑ר הֲיַד ׳י Num 11:23 (JE) is the hand of ׳י shortened ? Isa 50:2; Isa 59:1 (both followed by מִן); יָד נְטוּיָה in judgment Isa 9:11; Isa 9:16; Isa 9:20; Isa 10:4 עלי(וׅ ׳הָֽיְתָה יַדיֿ of grasp of ׳י's hand in prophetic inspiration Ezek 1:3; Ezek 3:22; Ezek 37:1; Ezek 40:1; 2Kgs 3:15 עָלַי חזקה ׳יַדיֿ Ezek 3:14 so בְּחֶזְקַת הַיָּד֑ Isa 8:11 of God's (׳י's) good hand = favour, (late) אלה(יו) טוֺבָה על(יו) יַד Ezra 7:9; Ezra 8:18; Neh 2:8; Neh 2:18 without טוֺבָה Ezra 7:6; Ezra 7:28; Ezra 8:22; Ezra 8:31 followed by inf, יַד האלהים לָתֵת לָהֶם 2Chr 30:12 בְּיָָֽדְךָ לְגַדֵּל 1Chr 29:12 in general כֹּחַ וּגְבוּרָה בְּיָָֽדְךָ v1Chr 29:12 of protection בְּצֵל יָדוֺ Isa 49:2 in the shadow of his (׳י's) hand.

2. Figurative= strength, power: — לָנוּס לֹא הָיָה בָהֶם יָדָיִם Josh 8:20 (JE) there was not in them strength to flee; לֹא מָֽצְאוּ כָלאַֿנְשֵׁיחַֿיִל יְדֵיהֶם Ps 76:6 none of the men of might have found their hands, i.e. their powers are paralyzed in death (|| נָמוּ שְׁנָתָם); with reference to pecuniary ability: תַּ גִּיעַ יָדוֺ דֵּי שֶׂה Lev 5:7 (on this and others with דֵּי see דַּי p. 191); לִשְׁתֵּי תוֺרִים תַּגִּיעַ יָדוֺ vLev 5:11 if his hand do not reach to two turtledoves; אֵין יָדוֺ מַשֶּׂגֶת Lev 14:21 if his hand be unable to reach; so combinations with נשׂג Hiph`il: vLev 14:22 vLev 14:30 vLev 14:31 vLev 14:32; Num 6:21 (all foregoing P), Lev 25:26; Lev 25:47; Lev 25:49; Lev 27:8 (all H), Ezek 46:7 כְּמִתְּנַת יָדוֺ Deut 16:17 according to the giving of his hand, i.e. his ability; similarly מַתַּת יָדוֺ Ezek 46:5; Ezek 46:11 on יֶשׁלְֿאֵל יָדִי Gen 31:29, etc., see II. אֵל above; other phrase with preposition see below; of dominion of king לְהָשִׁיב יָדוֺ בְּ 2Sam 8:3 read probably as || 1Chr 18:3 לְהַצִּיב יָדוֺ בְּ to establish his dominion at; hand = display of strength, action of ׳י Ps 78:42; Job 27:11; Deut 34:12 especially ׳הַיָּד הַיָּד הַגְּדֹלָה אֲשֶׁר עָשָׂה י Exod 14:31 (J) = the great achievement which ׳י did.

3. Figurative= side:
a. of way יַד דֶּרֶךְ 1Sam 4:13 Qr (Kt יך; but read probably לְיַד השׁער see Dr.).
b. of gate בְּעַד יַדהַֿשַּׁעַר 1Sam 4:18 (text dubious, see Dr).
c. of stream or wady כָּליַֿד נַחַל יַבֹּק Deut 2:37. Especially dual:
d. of land, ארץ רַחֲבַת יָדַיִם Gen 34:21 (P) the land is wide of (on) both hands, i.e. in both directions, Judg 18:10; Isa 22:18; 1Chr 4:40 of city Neh 7:4 of sea Ps 104:25 of streams רַחֲבֵי יָדָ֑יִם Isa 33:21 מִיּד כִּתִּים Num 24:24 (JE) from the direction of Kittim. — Other phrase with preposition see below
e. side = place, properly place at one side לְךָ מִחוּץ לַמַּחֲנֶה וְיָד תִּהְיֶה Deut 23:13 אִישׁ אֶתיָֿדוֺ Jer 6:3 each (in) his place; so כָּלאִֿישׁ עַליָֿדוֺ Num 2:17 (P); — see other phrases with preposition below

4. יָד is used in various special, technical senses: —
a. sign, monument 1Sam 15:12; 2Sam 18:18.
b. part, fractional part or share: of seed Gen 47:24 (J); share in king 2Sam 19:44 of fighting men 2Kgs 11:17 of people Neh 11:1
c. time, repetition Gen 43:34 (J), Dan 1:20. Also feminine plural (only in figure senses): —
d. axle-trees 1Kgs 7:32; 1Kgs 7:33 (ᵑ6 ).
e. stays, supports for laver 1Kgs 7:35; 1Kgs 7:36 stays at sides of throne 1Kgs 10:19 (twice in verse) = 2Chr 9:18 (twice in verse). feminine tenons on sides of boards of tabernacle שְׁתֵּי יָדוֺת Exod 26:17 (P), also vExod 26:19 vExod 26:19; Exod 36:22; Exod 36:24 (twice in verse).
g. יָד חָזִית Isa 57:8 according to Hi De Che Or Brd Du and most = a phallus thou beholdest; this favoured by context but without support in Hebrew usage; Di a (beckoning) hand.

5. יַד with preposition: —
a. אֶליַֿד: — (1) after verb of motion, into the charge, custody, of Esth 2:3; Esth 2:8 (twice in verse); Esth 2:14 (2) אֶליַֿד by the side of gate 2Sam 18:4 אֶליָֿדִי by my side, next to me 2Sam 14:30 אֶליַֿד דֶּרֶךְ Ezek 48:1 a; אֶליַֿד חֲמָת v^b (but on text see Co); compare also לְיַד, עַליַֿד.
b. בְּיַד into the hand: (1) נָתַן בְּיַד give into the hand of, literally, Gen 27:17 (2) into the possession of נָתַן בְּיַד Exod 10:25 (JE); especially (3) נתן ביד = give into the power of, deliver over to Josh 6:2; Josh 7:7 (both J E), Deut 1:27; Judg 2:14 a Judg 13:1; Judg 15:12; 1Kgs 22:6; 2Kgs 18:30; 2Kgs 19:10 מָכַר בְּיַד sell into the hand of Judg 2:14 b Judg 3:8; Judg 4:2; Judg 4:9; Judg 10:7 נפל בְּיַד) fall into the hand of Judg 15:18; 2Sam 24:14 וַיְשַׁלְּחֵם בְּיַד פִּשְׁעָם Job 8:4 and he delivered them into the power of their transgression, gave them over to it; also Isa 64:6, which read וַתְּמַגְּנֵנוּ for ᵑ0 וַתְּמוּגֵנוּ; (4) נתן בְּיַד = entrust to Gen 30:35; Gen 32:17.
c. בְּיַד in the hand of: (1) literal מַטְּךָ אֲשֶׁר בְּיָדֶ֑ךָ Gen 38:18 (J) thy staff which is in thy hand, Exod 7:17 (J), Exod 17:9 (E), Exod 32:15; Num 22:23; Num 22:31; Josh 5:13; Josh 8:18 (all J E), 1Sam 13:22; 1Sam 14:27; 1Sam 17:50; 1Sam 18:10; 1Sam 20:10; 2Kgs 11:8; 2Kgs 11:11 = 2Chr 23:7; Amos 7:7; Isa 6:6; Ezek 40:3; Ezek 40:5; Ezek 47:3; Zech 2:5; Zech 8:4 אֵין בְּיָדִי רָעָה וָפֶ֫שַׁע 1Sam 14:12 there is not in my hand evil or transgression (originally probably of stains of blood, or other evidences of crime); מַהבְּֿיָדִי רָעָה 1Sam 26:18 (2) figurative in the possession of, Exod 21:16 (JE); נִמְצָא בְּיָדִי 1Sam 9:8 there is found in my hand, i.e. I happen to have (1/4 shekel); (3) in the (physical) power of Gen 16:6 (J; compare תִּתְעַנִּי תַּחַת יָדֶיהָ vGen 16:9), Job 1:12 בְּיַד לָשׁוֺן Prov 18:21 in the power of a tongue; in the care or charge of, entrusted to, Gen 39:23 (J); under the authority of 2Sam 18:2 (3 t. in verse); Num 31:49 (P); — Jer 41:9 (AV because of Gedaliah), read בּוֺר גָּדוֺל הוּא for ביד גדליהו הוא ᵐ5 Hi Kue Gf Che Gie Dr^{Sm 291}; (4) בְּיַד also with verbs of taking, וַיִּקַּח בְּיָדוֺ אֶתהָֿאֵשׁ Gen 22:6 and he took the fire in his hand, Exod 4:17; Exod 4:20; Exod 4:21 (all E), 1Sam 17:40; 2Kgs 9:1 thence to denote accompaniment, taking or being with one Josh 9:11 (JE), 2Sam 8:10; 1Kgs 14:3; 2Kgs 5:5 אִישׁ שׁוֺרוֺ בְּיָדוֺ 1Sam 14:34 compare 1Sam 16:2 קַח בְּיָָֽדְךָ שְׁלשִׁים אֲנָשִׁים Jer 38:10.
d. בְּיַד by the agency or instrumentality of Gen 38:20 (J), Judg 6:36; 1Sam 11:7; 1Sam 16:20; 2Sam 3:18; 2Sam 10:2; 2Sam 11:4; 2Sam 12:25; 2Kgs 14:27 (the original literal sense discernible in some of these); especially of ׳י's speaking by the agency of prophets Exod 9:35 (R), Lev 8:36; Lev 10:11; Num 4:37; Num 4:45; Num 9:23; Num 10:13; Num 17:5; Josh 14:2; Josh 20:2; Josh 21:2; Josh 21:8 (all P), 1Sam 28:15; 1Sam 28:17; 1Kgs 16:7; 1Kgs 16:12; 1Kgs 16:34; 2Kgs 9:36; 2Kgs 17:13; 2Kgs 17:23; 2Chr 1:17; 2Chr 7:6; 2Chr 10:15; 2Chr 33:8; 2Chr 34:14; 2Chr 35:6; Neh 8:14; Neh 9:14; Neh 9:30 ׳מוּת בְּיַד י Exod 16:3 (P) die by the hand of ׳י; בְּיַד by or at the side of (very rare) Zech 4:12 olive-branches beside the two golden pipes; = near to, in time, נָכוֺן בְּיָדוֺ יוֺם חשֶׁךְ Job 15:23 ready at his hand is a day of darkness (i.e. near at hand).
e. כְּיַד הַמֶּלֶךְ 1Kgs 10:13 according to the hand of the king, i.e. his royal munificence, so Esth 2:18 compare Esth 1:7. feminine לְיַד by the side of 1Sam 19:3; 1Chr 18:17; 1Chr 23:28; Neh 11:24; Prov 8:3; Ps 140:6.
g. מִיַּד out of the hand: — (1) out of power of, often nearly = מִן, used idomatically with many verbs: with הִצִּיל Ps 32:12 (twice in verse) (J), Exod 2:19; Exod 18:9; Exod 18:10 (twice in verse) (all J E), 1Sam 17:37 מִתַּחַת יַד Exod 18:10 (J E; so with פשׁע 2Chr 21:8; 2Chr 21:10 (twice in verse); compare
i. below); of animals מִיַּד 1Sam 17:37 (twice in verse), מִיַּדכֶּֿלֶב Ps 22:21 even of inanimate things הִצִּיל מִיַּד לֶהָבָה Isa 47:14 with לָקַח Num 21:26 (JE), 1Kgs 11:34; 1Kgs 11:35 with קָרַע v1Kgs 11:12 v1Kgs 11:31 with מִלֵּט, מִיַּד שְׁאוֺל ׳מ Ps 89:49 with פָּדָה, מִיַּד שְׁאוֺל ׳פ Hos 13:14 (|| מִמָּ֫וֶת), Ps 49:16 מִידֵי חֶרֶב ׳פ Job 5:20 pregnantly יִשְׁפְּטֵנִי מִיָּדֶ֑ךָ 1Sam 24:16 may he (׳י) judge (and save) me out of thy hand; so 2Sam 18:19 and (with רִיב for שׁפט) 1Sam 25:39 (2) מִיּד of separation, מִיָָּֽדְךָ נִגְזָ֑רוּ Ps 88:6 of wicked, cut off from nearness to God; (3) מִיַּד דָּרַשׁ exact (at the hand) of 2Sam 4:11; Gen 9:5 (twice in verse) (P), Ezek 33:6; Ezek 34:10 (= דָּרַשׁ מֵעִם Deut 18:19), also of animals Gen 9:5 בִּקֵּשׁ מִיַּד Ezek 33:8 קָנָה מִיַּד Ruth 4:5; Ruth 4:9 acquire at the hand of; with reference to offerings הִקְרִיב מִיַּד Lev 22:25 (H), רָצָה מִיֵּד (׳י subject) Mal 1:10; Mal 1:13 רָצוֺן מִיַּד לָקַח Mal 2:13.
h. עַליֿד(יׅ: — (1) upon the hand(s) of תְּנָה אֹתוֺ עַליָֿדִי Gen 42:37 = entrust him to me (E; literally put him upon my hand); חָ֑רֶב יַגִּירֻהוּ עַליְֿדֵיֿ Ps 63:11 they shall pour him out upon the hands of the sword = deliver him up to the sword; so Jer 18:21; Ezek 35:5 (2) עַליַֿד, עַליְֿדֵי according to the hand(s) of = at the guidance, direction of: עַליַֿד 1Chr 25:2 a 2Chr 26:13 עַליְֿדֵי Jer 5:31; Jer 33:13, and especially Chronicles: 1Chr 25:2b; 1Chr 25:3; 1Chr 25:6 (twice in verse); עַליְֿדֵי דָוִיד 2Chr 23:18; Ezra 3:10 עַליְֿדֵי כְּלִי דָוִיד 2Chr 29:27 according to the guidance of the instruments of David; (3) by the side of, way הַשַּׁעַר עַליַֿד דֶּרֶךְ 2Sam 15:2 river עַליַֿד (היארׅ Exod 2:5 (E), Num 13:29 (J E; || עַלהַֿיָּם), Jer 46:6; Dan 10:4 city Josh 15:46 (JE); person ( = in the company of) 2Sam 15:18 people 2Chr 21:16 especially late עַליַֿד next to (in a series) 2Chr 17:15; 2Chr 17:16; 2Chr 17:18; 2Chr 31:15; Neh 3:2 (twice in verse) + 13 t. Neh 3; Neh 13:13 עַליְֿדֵי by the side of Judg 11:26 people עַליְֿדֵי (אדוםׅ Num 34:3 (P), 1Chr 7:29 cattle Job 1:14 שִׁיר הֶעֱמִיד עַליְֿדֵי 1Chr 6:16 he stationed them by the side of song, i.e. to watch over the singing.
i. תַּחַת יַד under the hand = in the possession, at the disposal of; ׳וְאִין יֶשׁפֹּֿה תַֿחַתיָָֽֿדְךָ חֲנִית וגו 1Sam 21:9 = in the power of, subject to Isa 3:6 come, thou shalt be our ruler and this ruin under thy hand; plural followed by verb, וְהִתְעַנִּי תַּחַת יָדֶיהָ Gen 16:9 (J) and submit thyself under her hands, her authority, Isa 3:6. — מִתַּחַת יַד see
g. (1) above, and below תַּחַת.

**For מִתַּחַת יַך, 2Kgs 8:20; 2Kgs 8:22 ( = 2Chr 21:8; 2Chr 21:10), 2Chr 13:5; 2Chr 17:7.

BDB3535 H3027 H3197

יך 1Sam 4:13 Kt; error for יד Qr.

BDB9569 H3027 H3028

יַד noun feminine^{Dan 5:5} hand (see Biblical Hebrew); — construct ׳י Ezra 5:12 +; emphatic יְדָא Dan 5:5; Dan 5:24 suffix יְדִי Dan 3:15, יְדָךְ vDan 3:17, יְדֵהּEzra 6:12, יֶדְהֹם (K^{§ 53. 2. a})) Ezra 5:8, etc.; dual absolute בִּידַ֫יִן Dan 2:34; Dan 2:45 —

1. hand of man Dan 2:34; Dan 2:45; Ezra 5:8; Ezra 6:12, and (in vision) Dan 5:5 (twice in verse); Dan 5:24 figurative בִּידָח in thy possession Ezra 7:14; Ezra 7:25 figurative of God Ezra 4:32.

2. power, of man Dan 2:38; Dan 3:15; Dan 3:17; Dan 7:28; Ezra 5:12, of God Dan 5:23 of lion Dan 6:28 (al. paw).

hand, hands, by, next, power, …

yād

a hand (the open one [indicating power, means, direction, etc.], in distinction from H3709, the closed one); used (as noun, adverb, etc.) in a great variety of applications, both literally and figuratively, both proximate and remote [as follows]

hand

hand (of man)

sign, monument

עַל

Preposition upon, against, over, in, for, …

Dictionary form: עַל · al

Preposition

In the KJV here: upon

upon ×1122 against ×378 over ×273 for ×229 in ×225 on ×187 by ×148 unto ×137

More options

on — Best default; spatial or metaphorical contact with a surface.

over — Prefer for authority, covering, or movement across.

about — Use for topics, concerns, or matters relating to something.

against — Use for hostility, opposition, or transgression.

concerning — Formal register; suits legal or prophetic discourse.

because of — Causal sense; when עַל introduces a reason.

BDB3996 H3588 H5921 H3651

כִּי עַל כֵּן forasmuch as, a peculiar phrase found Gen 18:5; Gen 19:8; Gen 33:10; Gen 38:26; Num 10:31; Num 14:43; Judg 6:22; 2Sam 18:20 Qr (rightly), Jer 29:28; Jer 38:4 — literally for therefore, emphasizing the ground pleonastically (Ew^{§ 353 a} ). The original force of the phrase is traceable in some of the passages in which it occurs, as Gen 18:5 let me fetch a morsel of bread, and comfort your heart; כִּיעַֿלכֵּֿן עֲבַרְתֶּם עַל עַבְדְּכֶם for therefore (that is, to partake of such hospitality) are ye come to your servant, Num 14:43 the Amalekite and the Canaanite are there, and ye will fall by the sword, כִּיעַֿלכֵּֿן שַׁבְתֶּם for therefore (to encounter such a fate) have ye turned back from ׳י etc.: but in process of time the distinct sense of its component parts was no doubt gradually obscured, and it thus came to be used conventionally, as a mere particle of causation, even where there was no preceding statement to which עַל כֵּן therefore could be explicitly referred. אֲשֶׁר עַל כֵּן appears to be used similarly (compare אֲשֶׁר 8 c) Job 34:27.

BDB6085 H5920 H5921

עַל, עָ֑ל (compare Kö^{ii. 261 f.}) I. substantive height (poetry) Hos 7:16 יָשׁוּבוּ לֹא עָֹל they return (but) not upwards (i.e. not God-wards), Hos 11:7 וְאֶלעַֿל יִקְרָאֻהוּ they (the prophets) call it (the people) upwards, (but) none striveth to rise; as adverb accusative, 2Sam 23:1 the man הֻ֣קַּם עָ֔ל (that) is raised up on high. With מִן, מֵעָ֑ל, (ה)שׁמים מֵעָ֑ל (the) heavens above Gen 27:39; Gen 49:25; Ps 50:4 (opposed to מִתַּחַת Exod 20:4. In prose מִמַּעַל).

II. As preposition upon, and hence on the ground of, according to, on account of, on behalf of, concerning, beside, in addition to, together with, beyond, above, over, by, on to, towards, to, against (SI^4.6; Moabite, Aramaic id.; Phoenician על, and עלת; Palmyrene, Nabataean על; Sabean עלי, Arabic ); — abbreviated from עֲלֵי (compare אֱלֵי, עֲדֵי), which is preserved in poetry, Gen 49:17 (twice in verse); Gen 49:22 (twice in verse); Num 24:6 (twice in verse); Deut 32:2 (twice in verse); Isa 18:4; Jer 8:18; Mic 5:6; Lam 4:5; 1Kgs 20:41 Qr, Job 7:1 Qr + 10 t. Psalms, 3 t. Proverbs, 15 t. Job; with suffix עָלַי; עָלֶיךָ, עָלַיִךְ ( Ps 116:7 the Aramaizing form עָלָ֑יְכִי); עָלָיו, Psalm 1Sam 2:10 עָלָו, עָלֶיהָ; 1 plural עָלֵינוּ; 2 masculine plural עֲלֵיכֶם, Exod 12:13 עֲלֵכֶם, 2 feminine plural עֲלֵיכֶן Ezek 23:49 3 masculine plural עֲלֵיהֶם, 13 t. in Pentateuch עֲלֵהֶם Gen 45:15, etc. (Kö^{ii. 305}), in poetry עָלֵ֫ימוֺ Deut 22:23 + 11 t. Psalms, Job (perhaps sometimes, Ges^{«GKC:103i»§ 103i}, N.); 3 feminine plural עֲלֵיהֶן, Lev 3:4; Lev 3:10; Lev 3:15 עֲלֵהֶן (on the apparently plur. form of עֲלֵי, עָלַי etc., see Kö^{ii. 309 ff.}, and compare below עַד).

1. Upon, of the substratum upon which an object in any way rests, or on which an action is performed; as עלהֿארץ upon the earth Gen 1:11; Gen 1:26; Gen 7:6, etc., Ps 110:6 על ארץ רבה over a wide country; על האדמה upon the ground Ezek 20:12 + often, Amos 7:12 עַל אֲדָמָה טְמֵאָה, Isa 14:2 ׳על אדמת י, Ps 137:4 עַל אַדְמַת נֵכָר (אֲרָמָה being properly ground, soil, is construed regularly with על, באדמה being very rare), more definitely על פני האדמה Gen 6:1; Num 12:3 + often; על מקום Lev 14:28; Jer 45:5 (uncommon: usually בְּ); Deut 17:20; Isa 9:6 על מַמְלַכְתּוֺ upon his realm, 2Chr 1:1 על בָּֽתִּים very strangely Hos 11:11 (read וַהֲשִׁבֹתִים with ᵐ5 : see 7 c α β); constantly after such verbs as נוח, ישׁב, רכב, etc., Gen 8:4; Exod 11:5 כתב על to write (idiomatic) on a book or other surface, Josh 10:13, etc.; יצא על go forth over Gen 41:45; Zech 5:3; Ps 81:6 with נִשְׁעַן, נִסְמַךְ, בָּטַח (figurative), to lean or trust upon: Gen 3:14 to go עַל גְּחֹנְךָ upon thy belly, Gen 32:32 to limp עַל יְרֵכוֺ upon his thigh, 1Sam 14:13; Ezek 37:10; Judg 15:8 to smite שׁוֺק עַל יָרֵךְ leg upon thigh, i.e. so that the scattered limbs fall one upon another, Amos 3:15. And with reference not a horizontal surface but to a side, Lev 1:5 + זָרַק עַל to pour against the altar, 1Kgs 6:5; 1Kgs 6:18 to build against the temple, Josh 10:27, etc. Figurative Exod 23:13 let it not be heard עַל פִּיךָ upon thy mouth (in our idiom, upon thy lips, as Prov 22:18), Ps 15:3 לֹא רָגַל עַל לְשֹׁנוֺ he slandereth not (i.e. prepares not slander) upon his tongue, 2Sam 23:2 וּמִלָּתוֺ עַל לְשׁוֺנִי, Prov 16:23; Prov 16:27; Prov 31:26; Eccl 5:1 compare עַל שְׂפָתַיִם נָשָׂא or עַל פֶּה Ps 16:4; Ps 50:16; Ezek 36:3b.

Specially
a. —
(a) of clothing, etc., which any one wears, Gen 37:23 the tunic אשׁר עליו which was upon him, Josh 9:5; 1Kgs 11:30; Ruth 3:15 +; Gen 24:30; Gen 38:30; 2Sam 13:18, of a sword 2Sam 20:8; Song 3:8 so הָיָה עַל Lev 16:4; Deut 22:5; Ezek 44:18; 1Chr 15:27; 1Chr 18:7 (|| 2Sam 8:7 אֶל); compare לֹא יַעֲלֶה עָלֶיךָ Lev 19:19; Ezek 44:17, and with הֶעֱלָה, below, 7 b.

(b) With verbs of covering or protecting, even though the cover or veil be not over or above the thing covered, but around or before it ('upon' referred to a side) : see גָּנַן, כָּסָה, סָכַךְ, עָטָה Neh 2:8 יד אלהי הטובה עלי, compare vNeh 2:18; Ezra 7:6; Ezra 7:9; Ezra 8:18; Ezra 8:22; Ezra 8:31; Exod 27:21 the veil that is over (i.e. before) the testimony, 1Sam 25:16 חוֺמָה הָיוּ עָלֵינוּ they were a wall about us; סָגַר עַל to shut in (or down) upon Exod 14:13; Job 12:14; Ezek 13:5; Job 13:27; Job 26:9; Job 36:30 he spreadeth his light עָלָיו about him.

b. Of what rests heavily upon a person, or is a burden to him, Isa 1:14 הָיוּ עָלַי לָטֹרַח they are a cumbrance upon me, Job 7:20 I am a burden עָלַי upon myself, 2Sam 15:33 (compare with אֶל 2Sam 19:36); כָּבַד עֶל to be heavy upon Exod 5:9 and elsewhere (see כָּבַד); of sin, calamity, etc. Isa 53:5; Ezek 33:10; Ps 88:8; Job 21:9; 2Chr 15:5; 2Chr 28:13; Eccl 6:1; Eccl 8:6 (compare 5 a β); Lev 7:20 וְטֻמְאָתוֺ עָלָיו Lev 22:3: idiomatically, Gen 48:7 מֵתָה עָלַי רָחֵל Rachel died upon me (i.e. to my sorrow), Gen 33:13 וְהַבָּקָר עָלוֺת עָלַי are giving suck upon me (i.e. as a. care to me), Num 11:13 יִבְכּוּ עָלַי they weep upon me (vexing me), Judg 14:16; Judg 14:17; Judg 19:2 (see Be), 1Sam 21:6 to play the mad man upon me, Jer 12:11.
c. Of a duty, payment, care, etc., imposed upon a person, or devolving on him, as שָׂם עַל to lay upon, Exod 5:8; Exod 21:22; Exod 21:30 (שָׁת), Exod 22:4, compare Gen 47:26; 2Chr 35:25 with other verbs, Job 38:10; Deut 24:5; Deut 26:6; 2Kgs 15:20; 2Kgs 18:14; 2Kgs 23:33; Neh 10:33 (twice in verse); Esth 1:8; Esth 9:21; Esth 9:27; Esth 9:31 with צִוָּה enjoin upon Gen 2:16 + often, כתב prescribe to 2Kgs 22:13; Ps 40:8, נטשׁ cast upon 1Sam 17:20 (1Sam 17:22 על יד), נתן על יד (figurative) Gen 42:37; 2Kgs 12:12; 2Kgs 22:5, compare 1Kgs 14:27, עזב Ps 10:14, גלל Ps 37:5, השׁליך Ps 55:23, פקד Job 34:13 and elsewhere; Gen 30:28 נָקְבָה שְׂכָֽרְךָ עָלַי fix thy wages upon me (name thy wages to me), Gen 34:12 הַרְבּוּ עָלַי מְאֹד מֹהַר וּמַתָּן multiply upon me, etc., 2Sam 19:39 (pregnantly) whatsoever thou choosest (and layest) upon me; without a verb, Judg 19:20 רַק כָּלמַֿחְסֹערךָ עָלָ֑י only let all thy wants be upon me, Ezra 10:4; Ps 56:13 עָלַי נְדָרֶיךָ thy vows are upon me (i.e. I owe them: compare Num 30:7; Num 30:9; Num 30:15), Prov 7:14 זִבְחֵי שְׁלָמִים עָלָ֑י peace-offerings were upon me (= were due from me); perhaps Ps 62:1; Ps 77:1 (to the charge of); with an infinitive 2Sam 18:11 וְעָלַי לָתֵת and it would have been incumbent on me to give, etc., 1Kgs 4:7; Ezra 10:12 (accents [Baer], RVm), Neh 13:3, compare Zech 12:2 (Ew RVm); Num 7:9 (P) the service of ... was upon them, Ezek 45:17, so especially late 1Chr 9:27; 1Chr 9:33; 1Chr 23:31; 2Chr 2:3 לעולם זאת על ישׂראל 2Chr 8:15; 2Chr 24:9; Ezra 7:11; Neh 11:23; Isa 9:5 and the government is upon, his shoulder (compare Isa 22:22), 2Chr 25:3; Ps 7:11 ׳מָֽגִנִּי עַלאֿ my shield rests upon God (he has undertaken my defence), Ps 62:8 עלאֿלהים יִשְׁעִי וּכְבֹדִי.

d. על is used idiomatically to give pathos to the expression of an emotion, by emphasizing the person who is its subject, and who, as it were, feels it acting upon him: Ps 42:6 why art thou cast down, O my soul, וַתֶּהֱמִי עָלַי and disquieted upon me? vPs 42:7 my soul upon me is cast down, vPs 42:12; Ps 43:5; Lam 3:20; Ps 131:2 כְּגָמֻל עֲלֵי אִמּוֺ כַּגָּמוּל עָלַי נַפְשִׁי is my soul upon me; Ps 142:4 בְּהִתְעַטֵף עָלַי רוּחִי when my spirit faints upon me, Ps 143:4; Jonah 2:8; Jer 8:18 עָלַי לִבִּי דַרוָָּֽי ׃ my heart upon me is sick, Job 14:22 (twice in verse) (compare Di), Hos 11:8 נהפך עלי לבי my heart is turned (altered) upon me, 1Sam 17:32; 1Sam 25:36; Neh 5:7 וַיִמָּלֵךְ לִבִּי עָלַי and my heart took counsel upon me: compare Ps 42:5 I will pour out my soul upon me, Job 30:16; Job 10:1 אעזבה עלי שׂיחי I will let loose my complaint upon me. (Thes apud me, mecum. The rend. 'within me' alters entirely the point of view of the Hebrew expression, and is incorrect.) Denoting with some emphasis the subject of an experience, Job 30:2 עלימו אבד כָּ֑לַךְ, Dan 2:1 his sleep נִהְיְתָה עָלָיו was done with upon him (compare Aramaic Dan 6:19 נַדַּת עֲלוֺהִי), Dan 10:8 וְהוֺדִי נֶהְפַּךְ עָלַי (compare Dan 5:9; Dan 7:28): also, rather differently, Lev 18:18b Jer 49:20 אִם לֹא יַשִׁים עֲלֵיהֶם נְוֵהֶם, Mic 7:13; Ps 90:17b; Ps 7:9 according to my perfectness upon me, Ezek 18:20; Ezek 22:3; 2Chr 36:8.

e. חָיָה עַל to live upon (as upon a foundation or support; compare Isa 3:1, and Ζῆν ἐπί τινος), Deut 8:3 עַלהַֿלֶּחֶם, Isa 38:16 (compare Hi), Gen 27:40 על חרבך תחיה upon ( = by) thy sword thou shalt live (compare Kazwini^{ii. 17} ap. Tu), Ezek 33:19, compare vEzek 33:26. feminine Of the ground, or basis, on which a thing is done, as Gen 24:9 על הדבר הזה, Lev 17:12 if he offers it עַל תּוֺדָה on the ground of a thanks-giving, Num 6:21 עַל נִזְרוֺ, v^b Ezek 16:15; Ezek 28:17; Dan 8:25 עַל שִׂכְלוֺ, Dan 9:18 עַל צדקותינו, (with this use is extended so as to denote explicitly on condition of). Hence
(a) the basis being conceived as regulative, על comes to denote the norm or standard (compare German 'auf die Art' W^{AG ii. § 59 i}): the transition may be seen in a passage like Exod 24:8 the covenant which ׳י made with you on the basis of (על), or in agreement with, all these words (compare על פי Exod 34:27), Num 35:24 האלה על המשׁפטים, Deut 17:11; Jer 30:18 the palace shall sit (i.e. be inhabited: see ישׁב) עַל מִשְׁפָּטוֺ in accordance with its manner, Ps 94:20 who frames mischief עֲלֵיחֹֿק in accordance with a law, ... על פי according to the mouth (i.e. command, Gen 45:21 + oft, evidence Deut 17:6; Deut 19:15, sentence Deut 21:5) of . . .; עַל שֵׁם ֗֗֗֗ according to the name of . . . (mostly with call, be called) Gen 48:6; Exod 28:21; 2Sam 18:18 +, compare 1Chr 23:14; Exod 6:26; Exod 12:51 על צִבְאֹתָם according to their hosts (usually לְ), Num 1:18 על משׁפחתם (usually לְ) vNum 1:52; Num 2:2; Num 2:34; Num 7:3 (|| ל), Deut 18:8 (probably); עַל יְדֵי according to the hands (direction) of Jer 5:31; Jer 33:13 al.; Ps 110:4 ׳עַל דִּבְרָתִי מ after the manner of M.; Prov 25:11 (probably) a word spoken עַל אָעפנָיו in accordance with its circumstances = appositely; of the tune according to which a song is to be sung (RV. set to) Ps 6:1 (1Chr 15:21), Ps 8:1; Ps 9:1; Ps 12:1; Ps 45:1; Ps 46:1 (1Chr 15:20) עַלעֲֿלָמוֺת (perhaps, however, in the manner of maidens = for 'sopranos'), Ps 53:1; Ps 56:1; Ps 60:1; Ps 69:1; Ps 81:1; Ps 84:1; Ps 88:1 (compare in Syriac ).

(b) The basis being conceived as involving the ground, על denotes the cause or reason, on account of, because of, Gen 20:3 lo thou shalt die עַל הָאִשָּׁה on account of the woman, Gen 21:12; Gen 26:7; Gen 26:9; Gen 27:41; Gen 42:21; Lev 4:3; Lev 4:28; Lev 5:18; Lev 19:17; Lev 26:18; Lev 26:24; Lev 26:28; Deut 9:18; Deut 24:16 fathers shall not be put to death עלבֿנים on account of children, Deut 31:18; Josh 9:20; Jer 1:16; Jer 5:9; Ezek 18:26 עליהם (|| Ezek 33:18 בָּהֶם), Prov 28:21; Ps 39:12; Ps 50:8 + often; Ps 44:23 עָלֶיךָ הֹרַגְנוּ on thy account are we slain all the day, Ps 69:8; Jer 15:15 in the phrases דְּבַר עַ֗֗֗ל, עַל אוֺדוֺת, עַל זֹאת and עַל זֶה on this account, עַל מָה on what account ? עַלכֵּֿן = therefore (see דָּבָר, אוֺדָה, etc.); before an infinitive, as Exod 17:7 ׳וְעַל נַסּוֺתָם אֶתיֿ and on, account of their trying ׳י, Amos 1:3 עַל דּוּשָׁם on account of their threshing = because they threshed, vAmos 1:6 vAmos 1:9 vAmos 1:11 vAmos 1:13, etc., Jer 2:35 עַל אָמְרֵךְ because of thy saying, Jer 9:12; Jer 16:18 +; and as a conjunction both with and without אֲשֶׁר or כִּי (see below III). And so often of the ground or cause of fear, grief, delight, or other emotions, e.g. Exod 18:9; Exod 32:14 (נִחַם repent: so often), 1Sam 4:13; 1Sam 30:6; 2Sam 1:26; 2Sam 3:8; 1Kgs 21:4; 2Kgs 6:11; Jer 10:19; Amos 6:6.

(c) Somewhat more strongly, on behalf of, for the sake of, Gen 19:17 escape על נפשׁך forthy life; Judg 9:17; 2Kgs 10:3 נִלְחֵם עַל (usually ל); 1Kgs 2:18 I will speak on thy behalf to the king, v1Kgs 2:19 (2Kgs 4:13 לְ); Esth 4:16; Esth 4:8; Esth 7:7; Esth 8:11; Esth 9:16; Dan 12:1 על עמד stand up (in late Hebrew) on behalf of; התפלל על intercede for (usually בעד) Job 42:8; Neh 1:6; 2Chr 30:18; 2Chr 29:21; Ezra 8:35 and very often with כִּפֶּר (q. v.) make atonement for. (Not very common with other verbs.)

(d) Sometimes it acquires almost a final force, for; Exod 12:4; Exod 29:36; Exod 30:16; Deut 27:13 there shall stand עַלהַֿקְּלָלָה (|| vDeut 27:12 לְבָרֵךְ), Ps 89:4 עַלמַֿהשָּֿׁוְא בָּרָאתָ כָלעֿבּנֵיאָֿדָם unto what vanity hast thou created, etc.! Prov 29:5b 2Chr 23:18; Eccl 3:17.

(e) Of a condition, or attendant circumstances (rare; so , W^{AG ii § 59 e}): Ps 50:5 זָ֑בַח׃ עֲלֵי upon, with sacrifice, Ps 92:4 ׳עֲלי עָשׂוֺר וגו with a ten-stringed instrument, with a harp, with sounding music on a lyre; עַל רִיב upon occasion of a law-suit Exod 23:2; Ezek 44:24, עַל יוֺם טוֺב 1Sam 25:8 (compare at a time of. . . Qor 28:14), Neh 12:22 (? read עַד BeRy), Isa 18:4 כְּחֹם צַח עֲלֵי אוֺר at time of sunshine, Isa 64:11 עַל אֵלֶּה, Jer 8:18 עֲלֵי יָגוֺן at time of sorrow, Jer 16:7 (but Gie עַל אָבֵל to): with abstract substantives to form a periphrase for adverbs, Lev 5:22 and swear עַל שֶׁקֶר upon falseness = falsely, Jer 6:14 = Jer 8:11 to heal a wound עַל נְקַלָּה lightly, easily, Ps 31:24 עַל יֶתֶר = abundantly, Isa 60:7 עַל רָצוֺן = acceptably (compare = with delight).

(f) It hence acquires the force of in spite of, notwithstanding (so , W^{AG ii. § 59 h}), Job 10:7 עַל דַּעְתְּךָ in spite of thy knowing, Job 34:6 משׁפטי על notwithstanding my right I am to be a liar (Di De Da RV: otherwise Hi RVm). compare below, III c b.

(g) Upon, concerning, with verbs of speaking, as דִּבֶּר Judg 9:3; 1Kgs 5:13, אָמַר, Jer 16:3; Jer 27:19 (|| אל) Jer 33:4, hearing Gen 41:15 שָׁמַעְתִּי עָלֶיךָ I have heard concerning thee, saying, etc., 1Kgs 10:6; Isa 37:9 (|| 2Kgs 19:9 אל), disputing Gen 26:11, telling 1Sam 27:11; Joel 1:3, commanding 2Sam 14:8; 1Kgs 11:10, being vexed 1Kgs 21:4; 2Kgs 6:11, crying 2Kgs 8:5, confessing Ps 32:5; Neh 1:6 of the object of a prophecy or vision 1Kgs 22:8; Isa 1:1; Isa 2:1 and often with similar verbs.

(h) In a somewhat weaker sense, in the matter of, as regards, Gen 41:32 וְעַל הִשָּׁנוֺת הַחֲלוֺם, Exod 22:8; Ruth 4:7; Lev 5:22; Lev 5:26; Dan 9:14b Neh 9:33 חָטָא עַל Lev 4:14 (|| בָּהּ vLev 4:23, cognate accusative vLev 4:28), Lev 5:5; Num 6:11; Neh 13:26 עַלדְּֿבַר ֗֗֗ in the matter of, Num 25:18; Num 31:16.

2. It expresses excess (synonym מִן q. v.); Gen 48:22 I give thee שְׁכֶם אַחַר עַל אַחֶיךָ one shoulder (ridge) above thy brethren, Exod 16:5 מִשְׁנֶה על double above or beyond, Num 3:46; Deut 25:3 stripes עַלאֵֿלֶּה beyond these, Josh 3:15 Jordan מָלֵא עַל was full over all its banks (compare Josh 4:18; Isa 8:7b הלך על, עלה) Ps 138:2; Eccl 1:16; Dan 1:20 עֶשֶׂר יָדוֺת עַל ten times above (compare in Aramaic Dan 3:19, and Qor 37:153), Ezra 1:6 לְבַר עַל = beside (see בַּד); Ps 16:2 (si vera lectio) טוֺבָתִי בַל עָלֶיךָ my welfare is not beyond thee, i.e. does not lie outside thee. — Of time, Lev 15:25 if she has an issue עַל נִדָּתָהּ beyond her time of impurity (compare Isa 32:10, 4 b).

3. It denotes elevation or pre-eminence, as עליון על high (figurative) above, Deut 26:19 al., Deut 28:43 יעלה עליך will go up above thee, compare Prov 31:29; Ps 57:6; Ps 57:12 be thou exalted above the heavens, Ps 89:8; Ps 95:3; Ps 96:4, etc., Neh 9:5 with words (q. v.) such as גכר, גדל, חזק, נשׂא (Ni. Pi`el Hithpa`el), עזז, and especially those denoting rule or superintendence, as מלך, הפקיד; so with שָׁת, היה, נתן, Gen 41:33; Gen 41:40; Gen 41:43 שׂם; 1Sam 18:5 with פָּקִיד, שַׂר, מֶלֶךְ, etc., Gen 41:34; Exod 1:11; Exod 18:21, etc.; absolute 2Sam 8:16 Joab was עלהֿצבא over the host, 2Sam 20:23 b. v2Sam 20:24; 1Kgs 4:4-6; 1Kgs 5:30; Num 10:14ff.; 1Chr 9:23; 1Chr 9:26ff. 1Chr 27:25ff.; 2Chr 30:17; 2Chr 31:12 אֲשֶׁר עַל בֵּיתוֺ of Joseph's steward Gen 43:16; Gen 43:19; Gen 44:1; Gen 44:4 and in the official titles אֲשֶׁר עַלהַֿבַּיִת = the Governor of the Palace Isa 22:15 and elsewhere (see כַּיִת 6); אֲשֶׁר עַלהַֿמַּם the overseer of the forced labour 1Kgs 12:18 אשׁר עלהֿעיר the governor of the city 2Kgs 10:5, אשׁר על המלתחה v2Kgs 10:22.

4. It expresses addition (compare ἐπὶ in Greek, e.g.ἐπὶ τούτοις); namely
a. introducing the complement of a verb, as with יָסַף to add upon or to, Ps 61:7 + often (see יָסַף), שָׁת to put to Gen 30:40, נִלְוָה to be joined to Num 18:24; Isa 14:1 (also with אֶל), נָפַל: to fall to, i.e. desert to, Jer 21:9 +, עכר to pass over to Exod 30:13; Exod 30:14; Isa 45:14 (compare Isa 60:5); also Hab 2:16 תִּסֹּב כּוֺם עַל Lam 4:21; Esth 4:7 נֶחְשַׁב to be reckoned to Lev 25:31; 2Sam 4:2, היה על Num 36:12; Ps 69:28 תְּנָה עָוֺן עַל עֲוֺנָם, Isa 56:8 עוֺר אֲקַבֵּץ עָלָיו I will yet gather (others) unto him.

b. Used absolutely, as Gen 28:9 he took Mahalath עַל נָשָׁיו in addition to his (other) wives, Gen 31:50 (compare אל Lev 18:18), Num 31:8 עַל חַלְלֵיהֶם in addition to their slain (|| Josh 13:22 אֶל), Deut 23:14; Ezek 16:37; Ezek 16:43; Ezek 25:10; Isa 32:10 יָמִים עַל שָׁנָה days upon, in addition to, a year, 2Chr 31:15 יָמִים עַל יָמִים, Ezek 7:26 הֹוָה עַל הֹוָה תָבוֺא (|| אל), Jer 4:20 (if נִקְרָא = be proclaimed), Job 16:14 יִפְרְצֵנִי פֶרֶץ עַלפְּֿנֵיפָֿ֑רֶץ (compare Lag^{M iii. 112}; also Iliad 14:130 ἕλκος ἐφ’ ἕλκει, Odyssey 7:120f; Qoran 31:13). So often in laws of P (compare c), Lev 7:12 he shall offer עַלזֶֿבַת הַתּוֺרָה in addition to the sacrifice of thanksgiving, etc., vLev 7:13 b Num 6:20; Num 15:9; Num 28:10; Num 28:15; Num 28:24 (compare מִלְּבַר vNum 28:31; Num 29:6), Num 35:6; Ezek 16:43 (Hi Sm RV: compare Ezek 44:7 אל).

c. Hence by an easy transition it denotes together with, with, Exod 35:22 men together with (עַל) women, Job 38:32 וְעַיִשׁ עַלבָּֿנֶיהָ תַנְחֵם and the Bear with her children, wilt thou lead them? 1Kgs 15:20; Jer 3:18 the house of Israel with the house of Judah, Mic 5:2 (Ca Ke Kue; but al. as 7 c a), Gen 32:12 lest he come and smite me, אֵם עַל בָּנִים the mother with the children (compare Hos 10:14; Deut 22:6); and as a techn. term in the regulations for sacrifice, especially with אכל, Exod 12:8, יאֹכְלֻהוּ עַלמְֿדֹרִים together with bitter herbs they shall eat it, vExod 12:9 his head with (על) his legs, etc., Num 9:11; Deut 16:3 לֹאתֿאֹכַל עָלָיו חָמֵץ (compare Exod 23:18; Exod 34:25), vExod 34:3 in the phrase אכל על הדם to eat with the blood 1Sam 14:32; 1Sam 14:33 (1Sam 14:34 אל), Lev 19:26; Ezek 33:25 (compare in Greek e.g. ἐπὶ τῷ σίτῳ πίνειν ὕδωρ); see also Lev 2:2; Lev 2:16; Lev 3:4 (so vLev 3:10 vLev 3:15; Lev 4:9; Lev 7:4), Lev 4:11; Lev 7:13a, Lev 7:30; Lev 10:15; Lev 14:31; Lev 23:18; Lev 23:20; Num 6:17; Num 19:5; 1Chr 7:4.

5. It expresses the idea of being suspended, or extended, over anything, without however being in contact with it, above, over: Gen 1:20 let fowl fly over the earth, Gen 19:23 השׁמשׁ יצא על had come forth upon the earth (compare זרח על Exod 22:2 +; בא על go down [set] upon Deut 24:15; Mic 3:6; Job 25:3), Num 10:34; Num 14:14 and thy cloud stood עליהם over them, Deut 28:23 the heavens עלרֿאשׁך above overthy head, Isa 4:5; Isa 60:1; Isa 60:2; Zeph 2:11; Zech 9:14; Ps 7:8 over it return thou on high, Job 29:3 בְּהִלּוֺ נֵרוֺ עֲלֵי ראֹשִׁי (compare דעך לְ be extinguished over, Job 18:6), Song 2:4 his banner over me: figurative of protection Deut 32:38; Ps 68:35: with verbs of motion (expressed or implied), נשׁקף על to incline over 1Sam 13:18 +, ידו על נטה) Exod 14:16; Isa 23:11 + (compare Ps 21:12), הניף על to swing over Isa 11:15; Isa 19:16 השׁמיע על to proclaim over Jer 4:16; Amos 3:9, compare Num 10:10; 2Chr 13:12, שׁם על נקרא a name to be called over 2Sam 12:28 + (see קרא).

6. From the sense of inclining or impending over, על comes to denote contiguity or proximity, English by (or sometimes on): —
a. in designating localities, especially those beside water, Gen 14:16 עַלהַֿמִּדְבָּר by the wilderness, Gen 16:17 עַל עֵין הַמַּיִם by the spring of water, Gen 24:13; Gen 24:30; Gen 29:2 three flocks lying עָלֶיהָ by it (the well), Gen 41:1; Num 3:26; Num 13:29 עלהֿים by the sea, Num 22:5; Num 24:6 gardens עֲלֵי נָהָר. Deut 3:12; Deut 33:8; Judg 5:19; 1Sam 1:9 ׳על מזוזת היכל י (Ezek 46:2), 1Sam 4:1; 2Kgs 2:7 and they stood עלהֿירדן by the Jordan, 2Kgs 25:4; Isa 19:7; Isa 38:20; Ps 1:3 planted by water-courses, Jer 17:2; Jer 17:8; Job 30:4; Job 31:9 על פתח by the entrance, Prov 14:19, + often; על הדרך by the way Gen 38:21; 1Sam 24:4; Ezek 48:24ff. על גבולו adjoining his border; עבר על to pass by a place 1Kgs 9:18; Jer 18:16 +, figurative עבר על פשׁע to pass by transgression, i.e. to overlook it, Mic 7:18 and elsewhere: על יְמִין ֗֗֗ on the right of ... Ps 110:5 +, עַליַד ֗֗֗ , עַל יֶרֶךְ ֗֗֗ , עַל כֶּתֶף ֗֗֗ on the side of ... (see these words): less frequently (except as c) with reference to persons, Num 2:5 וְהַחֹנִים עָלָיו and those encamping next him, vNum 2:12 vNum 2:20 vNum 2:27; Num 6:9 וכי ימות מת עליו, 2Kgs 11:11 by the king round about (compare Num 3:26 above), ׳עבר על פ Gen 18:5; 2Kgs 4:9 +.

b. 2Sam 9:7; 2Sam 9:10 to eat bread ׳עַל שֻׁלְחַן פּ at any one's table, Exod 16:3 when we sat עַלסִֿיר הַבָּשָׂר, 1Sam 20:24 Kt to sit עַלהַֿלֶּחֶם at meat; 1Sam 25:13; 1Sam 30:24 to remain עַלהַֿכֵּלִים; Prov 23:30 to tarry long עלהֿיין at (or over) the wine, Job 39:9 עַלאֲֿבוֶּסךָ ׃ at thy crib: compare הַיּוֺשֵׁב עַל הַמִּשְׁפָּט Isa 28:6.

c. Idiomatically, with עָמַד and נִצַּב to stand by (literally over, — originally no doubt with reference to one supposed to be seated), Gen 18:2 three men נִצָּבִים עָלָיו standing by him, vGen 18:8 and he עֹמֵד עליו standing by him under the tree, Gen 24:30 by the camels, Gen 28:13; 1Sam 4:20; 2Sam 1:9; 2Sam 12:17; 2Sam 20:11; 2Sam 20:12; Amos 7:7 especially of persons standing about a superior, as servants or courtiers, Gen 45:1; Judg 3:19; 1Sam 22:6; 1Sam 22:7; 1Sam 22:17, of persons surrounding a judge Exod 18:13; Exod 18:14, of ׳י's heavenly ministers, 1Kgs 22:19 (compare Isa 6:2 ממעל לו), Zech 4:16, and with התיצב Zech 6:5; Job 1:6; Job 2:1 also of one standing by (properly leaning over) an altar or sacrifice Num 23:3; Num 23:6; 1Kgs 13:1 (compare 7 b) Amos 9:1 of an Ashérah by an altar Judg 6:25; Judg 6:28 (compare אֵצֶל Deut 16:21).

7. In connection with verbs of motion (actual or figurative): —
a. of motion from a higher place downwards, down upon: thus
(a) המטיר על to rain upon Gen 2:5; Gen 19:24, ירד על Gen 15:11, יצק על to pour upon Gen 28:18, ׳נפל על צוארי פ Gen 33:4, נפל על פניו to fall on his (own) face Gen 17:3; Gen 17:17, שׂם על to put upon, Gen 21:14; Gen 22:6; Gen 22:9; Gen 24:47 (Gen 24:22 Sam Di), נתן על כף to place on the hand of ... Gen 40:11; Gen 40:21, השׁליך על 2Sam 20:12, etc.; compare Job 29:22 וְעָלֵימוֺ תִּטֹּף מִלָּתִי, Mic 3:5; Nah 3:12.

(b) In different figurative connections, as of sleep falling upon one, Gen 2:21; Gen 15:12 of fear Gen 9:2; 1Sam 11:7 (see פַּחַד, חֲרָרָה, אֵימָה); of good or bad fortune, especially the latter, coming upon one, as with בוא and הביא, Gen 27:12; Deut 28:2 (in good sense), vDeut 28:15, Jer 5:12; Jer 19:3 (רעה, as often); of retribution, reproach, the Divine wrath, etc., with different verbs (הביא, נתן, ירד, חול, היה, etc.), as Gen 20:9; Num 12:11 חטאה; Gen 42:36 עַלַי הָיוּ כֻלָּנָה upon me are they all; Num 18:5 + (היה קֶצֶף על); Deut 19:10 דם (compare אל 2Sam 21:2 ᵐ5 We Dr), Judg 9:24; 1Kgs 2:32; 2Sam 16:8; Hos 12:15; 2Sam 3:29; 2Sam 15:14; 1Sam 11:2 חרפה; Jer 14:16; Jer 26:15 דם נקי (|| אל), Jonah 1:14; Ezek 7:3; Ezek 7:4; Ezek 7:8; Ezek 23:40; Ezek 36:29; Ps 7:17; Ps 94:2; Ps 94:23; Ps 109:5 וישׂימו עלי רעה תחת טובה (lay upon me: but Hu וישיבו, Prov 17:13), Prov 140:11 שָׁפַךְ חֵמָה על Ezek 7:8 + often; without a verb, Gen 16:5 חֲמָסִי עָלֶיךָ my wrong be upon thee, Jer 51:35 (|| אל); Gen 27:13 עלי קללתך; Gen 38:29 (accents, RVm); 2Sam 1:16 דמיך על ראשׁך; 2Sam 14:9 עָלַי הֶעָוֺן; Isa 24:17; Jer 48:43; Jer 50:27; Ezek 13:3 הוֺי על ֗֗֗ ; Ps 55:16 Kt.; of a blessing, Exod 32:29; Ps 3:9, a curse Deut 30:7, mercies (probably conceived specifically as descending from heaven) Ps 33:22; Ps 86:13; Ps 90:17; Ps 103:17 (with גבר be mighty over or upon, vPs 33:11; Ps 117:2), Ps 116:12; Ps 145:9; Ezra 3:11, שׁלום Ps 125:6; Ps 128:6; 1Chr 22:9.

(c) Introducing the object upon which an action, or emotion, especially if accompanied by a gesture, is conceived as being directed (but with some of these words, especially when they refer to an event, rather than a person, as Exod 18:9, על is to be explained from 1 f b). Thus with verbs denoting the manifestation of joy or grief, as שׂושׂ to rejoice over, גיל, שׂמח, התענג, התפאר, שׂחק, אבל, ספד, שׁמם, בכה Judg 11:37 +, נשׂא (משׁל) קינה to take up a lament, or proverb, over (see these words); probably also in הִנָּבֵא על prophecy over Ezek 11:4; Ezek 13:17 +; with חוּס, חָמַל, רִחַם to shew compassion on (compare 1Kgs 3:26 [Gen 43:30 אל], Song 5:4 [Jer 31:20 ל]); with שׁמר, שׁקד, הֵעִיר (Job 8:6) to guard or watch over; with יעץ to counsel upon Isa 14:26 +, חשׁב to devise (usually in bad sense, Jer 29:11 in good), דִּבֶּר (רעה Jer 11:17 +, טובה Jer 18:20; Jer 32:42), הֵקִים דָּבָר Jer 29:10. Of more distinctly phys. acts, with בכה to weep on Gen 45:14; Gen 45:15 +, שׁרק to hiss, ספק or תקע כף to clap the hand, הִכָּה כף Ezek 22:13 (|| אל); Isa 5:30 to growl over, Isa 31:4; Ezek 36:2; Job 30:5 הִתְוַדָּה to confess over (the goat), Lev 16:21; Exod 30:10a (probably); Deut 21:6; Job 6:27; Job 40:30.

b. From a lower place upwards, up upon, up to, as עלה על to go up upon: Exod 20:26; 1Sam 2:28; 1Kgs 12:33b 2Kgs 16:12b 2Chr 1:6 (an altar, i.e. to a ledge beside it; compare 2Kgs 23:9, and ירד Lev 9:22; 1Kgs 1:53); Judg 9:51; Isa 14:14; Isa 40:9, etc.; to come up upon (in different connections) Exod 10:12; Lev 16:9 (figurative), Lev 19:19; 1Sam 1:11; 1Sam 6:7; 1Kgs 10:16; 1Kgs 10:17 figurative עלה על לב Isa 65:17 + (see לב, לבב, 3 d); in Hiph`il 1Kgs 20:33 וַיַּעֲלֵהוּ עַל הַמֶּרְכָּבָה, Amos 8:10 (compare 1 a a), 2Sam 1:24; Ezek 37:6; Ps 137:6 (figurative), 2Chr 3:5; 2Chr 3:14 (= ornamented with); Deut 28:61 (compare Exod 15:26 b); 2Chr 20:34 the history of Jehu which הֹעֲלָח עַל was brought up upon (i.e. inserted in) the book of, etc. (compare 2Chr 32:32 and כתב על above 1); compare נטה יד עלהֿשׁמים up to heaven Exod 9:22; Exod 10:21; Exod 17:16.

c. Expressing direction towards (not common, except in sense against: see below) —
(a) with verbs of motion, properly of a person (or thing) moving to another so as either to stand above, or rest upon, it (compare Pusey^{Min. Pr. 333}), Exod 34:12 הארץ אשׁר אתה בא עליה (simile, of a land, or place, Exod 18:23; Num 11:12; 1Kgs 2:26 עֲנָתֹת לֵךָ עַלשָֿׂדֶיךָ, Ezek 32:9; Jer 3:18 b Jer 16:13; Jer 22:26, and after שׁוּב or הֵשִׁיב Jer 16:15; Jer 22:27; Jer 23:3; Jer 24:6 [but אֶל Jer 27:22; Jer 30:3 al.], Ezek 29:14; Gen 40:13 וֶהֱשִׁיבְךָ עלכַּֿנָּ֑ךָ, Gen 41:13; Gen 30:33 כִּי תָבאֹ עַל שְׂכָרִי to view my hire; בא על נפשׁ מֵת to enter in upon or beside a corpse; בא על אשׁה Gen 19:31; Deut 25:5 (usually אל); Josh 3:16 מַיִם יֹרְדִים עַל יָם, Ezek 47:8; 1Kgs 18:12 יִשָּֽׂאֲךָ עַלאֲֿשֶׁר לֹאאֵֿדָ֑ע, Ps 19:7; 2Kgs 16:12; 2Chr 20:24; Isa 53:1 upon whom (coming from above) was ׳י's arm revealed? Isa 62:10 העמים הרימו נֵס על over towards (but Isa 49:22 אל): but often it is dubious if this force is perceptible; and in general על in such cases seems to be used merely as a synonym — perhaps as a slightly more graphic synonym — of אֶל (compare p. 41); in the later language, also, it may be due partly to the influence of Aramaic, which does not use אֶל; thus
(a) with a personal object, with assemble or be assembled, Exod 32:1; 2Sam 17:11; 1Kgs 8:5; 1Kgs 11:24; 2Kgs 22:20 (2Chr 34:28 and usually אל), 2Chr 13:7, עלה Gen 38:12; Josh 2:8; 1Sam 14:10 (1Sam 14:9 v1Sam 14:12 אל), עבר 1Sam 14:4 (1Sam 14:1 אל), בא 2Sam 15:4 (see Dr) 1Chr 12:23f., יצא 2Kgs 24:12, הוליך 2Kgs 25:20, נגע Judg 20:34; Judg 20:41 (compare Isa 6:7; Jer 1:9), נס Isa 10:3, הלך Isa 22:15 (אל ֗֗֗ על), נשׂא Isa 30:6, שׁלח 2Kgs 18:27 (על ֗֗֗ אל ֗֗֗ על: || Isa 36:12 אל ֗֗֗ אל ֗֗֗ על), Jer 26:15; Jer 29:31; 1Chr 13:2; 2Chr 28:16; 2Chr 30:1; 2Chr 32:9; 2Chr 32:31; 2Chr 36:15; Neh 6:3, נגשׁ Ezek 9:6, שׁב, השׁיב Neh 4:6; Mal 3:24 (see c), followed by ׳על י 2Chr 15:4; 2Chr 30:9, התיצּב 2Chr 11:13 letters going ׳על פ Neh 2:7; Neh 6:17 a (v:b אל). (β) of places, Gen 24:49; 2Sam 2:19 + על ימין to the right; with הלך 1Sam 2:11; 1Kgs 20:43 עלבֿיתו (1Kgs 21:4 אל), 2Sam 15:20 ואני הולך על אשׁר אני הולך, Jer 1:7; Ezek 1:20 (Ezek 1:12 אל), הוליך 1Kgs 1:38 (1Kgs 1:33 אל), נהר Mic 4:1 (|| Isa 2:2 אל), Jer 31:12 (אל ֗֗֗ על), נגשׁ Ezek 44:13 (|| אל), עלה 1Sam 24:23; 2Sam 19:1; 1Kgs 6:8 (|| אל), Ezek 41:7, בא Jer 14:3; Jer 51:51, (על הר) הביא Isa 66:20 (Isa 56:7 אל), ירד Jer 36:12, הִטָּה Prov 21:1, הסיר 2Sam 6:10 (|| 1Chr 13:13 אל), נתן Isa 29:12 (Isa 29:11 אל) Mic 1:14; Mic 3:5; Gen 42:37, השׁיב, שׁב, Num 33:7; Jer 11:10 (figurative, עַל עֲוֺנוֺת), Ps 35:13; Job 34:15 (Gen 3:19 אל), Prov 26:11; Eccl 1:6; 1Kgs 17:21; 1Kgs 17:22 (compare 1Sam 30:12 אל), השׁתחוה Lev 26:11 (probably), Isa 60:14 pregnantly Isa 24:22 אֻסְּפוּ עַל בּוֺר be collected (and delivered) into a dungeon: compare חוּשׁ עַל Job 31:5 (figurative), also to requite עַלחֵֿיק Isa 65:6; Isa 65:7 Kt. (Jer 32:18; Ps 79:12 אל). After נראה appear, Ps 90:16 (אל ֗֗֗ על). And as far as, unto (nearly = יַד) Gen 49:13 וְיַרְכָתוֺעַל צִידוֺן, Josh 2:7; Josh 18:13; Josh 19:12; Jer 31:39; Ezek 47:18; Ezek 48:21; Ezek 48:28; Ps 48:11; 1Chr 5:16.

(b) With אמר say to, 2Kgs 22:8; Jer 18:11 (אל ֗֗֗ על), Jer 22:6; Jer 23:2; Jer 23:35 (על ֗֗֗ אל), Jer 36:29; Jer 44:20 (אל ֗֗֗ על), דבר 1Sam 1:13 (Gen 24:45 אל), 1Kgs 9:5; Hos 12:11; Jer 6:10; Jer 10:1; Jer 11:2 (אל ֗֗֗ על), speak to Jer 25:2 (על ֗֗֗ אל), Jer 26:2, compare Esth 1:17, ׳היה דבר י Jer 25:1; 1Chr 22:8 compare 1Chr 11:10, ענה 2Sam 19:43, קרא Isa 34:14; 2Chr 32:18, שִׁוַּע Ps 18:42, הֵרַע 1Kgs 17:20, שֹׁרֵר, שָׁר sing Prov 25:20; Job 33:27, החליק Prov 29:5 ( Ps 36:3 אל), התפלל 1Sam 1:10, כתב 2Chr 30:1; Ezra 4:7; Esth 8:8, שׁמע 2Kgs 20:13 ( = Isa 39:2), Isa 22:13; Jer 23:16; Jer 26:5; Jer 35:18; Hag 1:12 see also הקשׁיב, האזין, הבין, התבונן, השׂכיל.

(c) Expressing (or implying) the direction of the mind, 2Sam 14:1 לב המלך על אבשׁלם; Mal 3:24; Ezra 6:22; Song 7:11 וְעָלַי תְּשׁוּקָתוֺ (Gen 3:16; Gen 4:7 אל); שָׂם לִבּוֺ על Job 1:8 (Job 2:3 אל), 1Sam 25:25 (אל ֗֗֗ על); Jer 22:17 thy eyes and thy heart are only (set) upon (על) ..., 1Chr 12:17; 1Kgs 1:20; 2Chr 20:12 עֵינֵינוּ כִּי עָלֶיךָ (elsewhere אל), 1Kgs 2:15 עָלַי שָׂמוּ פניהם, Ps 146:5 ׳שִׂבְרוֺ על י; Isa 10:25 וְאַפִּי עלתַּֿבְלִיתָם be (directed) towards their destruction, Jer 32:31 (Gf Ew compare RV); compare שׁעה על look to (trustfully) Isa 17:7; Isa 31:1. (The uses a, b, c are all exceptional: אל would be regularly employed.)

(d) With the force of over and towards (compare 5 and 7 a b, end): Ps 65:5 נוֺרָא עֲלִילָה עַל; to shine, etc. on, Ps 31:17 הָאִירָה פָנֶיךָ עַל (Num 6:25 אל); רָאָה עַל Exod 5:21 הוֺפִיעַ עַל Job 10:3 וְשַׂמְתִּי עֵינִי עַל Amos 9:4 + (compare Job 14:3; Job 24:3; Job 34:21); הִשְׁקִיף עַל look out over Ps 14:3 +.

d. In a hostile sense, upon, against: so very often, after every kind of verb expressing or implying attack, as בא Gen 34:25; Gen 34:27, נֶאֱסַף vGen 34:30, קצף to be angry Gen 40:2, לון to murmur Exod 15:24 עמד stand up Lev 19:16 +, קָם rise up Deut 19:11; Amos 7:9, נלחם Deut 20:10, חנה 1Sam 11:1; Ps 27:3, עלה 2Kgs 17:3, חרה אף Zech 10:3 (usually בְּ), שׁפך סללה Isa 37:33, צוּר besiege Deut 20:12, חשׁב to devise Gen 50:20; Jer 11:19, דִּבֶּר Deut 13:6 +, etc.: add Job 16:4 (twice in verse); Job 16:9; Job 16:10; Job 16:13; Job 19:12; Job 21:27; Job 30:12, etc.; היה על 2Sam 11:23; Num 31:3: הִנְנִי לַיִךְ (see אֶל 4); note also Judg 9:31; Judg 20:5: without a verb Isa 9:20; Judg 16:12 פלשׁתים עליך the Philistines are upon thee, Judg 20:9 עָלֶיהָ בְּגוֺרָל Against it by lot !

8. By writers of the silver age, על is sometimes used with the force of a dative, 1Chr 13:2 אִם עֲלֵיבֶם טוֺב (in classical Hebrew בְּעֵינֵיכֶם) if it seems good to you, אִם עַל הַמֶּלֶךְ טוֺב Neh 2:5; Neh 2:7; Esth 1:19; Esth 3:9; Esth 5:4; Esth 5:8; Esth 7:3; Esth 8:5; Esth 9:13 (compare in Aramaic Ezra 5:17; Ezra 7:18); עַל שָׁפַר Ps 16:6 (compare in Aramaic Dan 4:24); עָרַב עַל Ps 104:34 (elsewhere לְ); רַע לְ Eccl 2:17 (see De; compare בְּאֵשׁ עַל Dan 6:15): compare Job 22:2 סָכַן על be profitable to, Job 33:23 also גָּמַל עַל (in both good and bad sense: see גמל), Neh 5:19 עשׂה על, Neh 9:30 משׁך על prolong (mercy) to; הִטָּה חֶסֶד עַל Ezra 7:28; Ezra 9:9 (Gen 39:21 אל): 1Sam 20:8 read probably עם for על. compare Mishna חביב על, dear to; סני על hateful to; Syriac , , pleasant, acceptable to. — compare in general the uses of , W^{AG ii. § 59}.

9. With other particles: — עַל אַחֲרֵי Ezek 41:15 עַל בֵּין Ezek 19:11 (compare אל Ezek 31:10; Ezek 31:14); עַל לִפְנֵי Ezek 40:15 עַל מֵעַל Ezek 41:17 (text dubious), vEzek 41:20 עַל עֵבֶר Exod 25:37 (compare אל Ezek 1:9; Ezek 1:12); עַלבָּֿ֫כָה Esth 9:26. — On עַליַֿד, עַליְֿדֵי, עַל פִּי, עַלפְּֿנֵי, see יָד, פֶּה, פָּנִים.

III. As conjunction: a. עַל אֲשֶׁר because that . . . (compare above, II 1 f b), Exod 32:35 and ׳י plagued the people על אשׁר עשׂו because they had made, etc., Num 20:24; Deut 29:24 (in answer to על מה: so 1Kgs 9:9; Jer 16:11; Jer 22:9), Jer 32:51 (twice in verse); 1Sam 24:6; 2Sam 3:30; 2Sam 6:8; 2Sam 8:10; 2Sam 12:6; Ps 119:49 +.

b. עַל כִּי similar in meaning, but less frequent: Deut 31:17; Judg 3:12; Jer 4:28; Mal 2:14; Ps 139:14.

c. עַל alone:
(a) because, Gen 31:20 (E) עַל בְּלִי הִגִּיד, Ps 119:136 עַל לֹא.
(b) notwithstanding that (above, 1 f f), although, Isa 53:9 חָמָס עָשָׂה עַל לֹא although he did no violence, Job 16:7 עַל לֹא חָמָס בְּכַפָּ֑י.

IV. Compounds: —

1. with כְּ (rare and late),
a. as concerning, as upon Ps 119:14 כְּעַל כָּלהֿוֺן, 2Chr 32:19.
b. (pleon. for כְּ), Isa 59:18 כְּעַל גְּמֻלוֺת כְּעַל יְשַׁלֵּם the like of their deeds is the like of (that which) he will repay (כְּעַל repeated on the analogue of כְּ Num 15:15; Hos 4:9: see כְּ) = according to their deeds is (that which) he will repay, Isa 63:7 according to.

2. מֵעַל₃₀₄ from upon, from over, from by — used with much delicacy of application in many different connections, corresponding mostly with the different senses of על. Thus
a. from upon idiomatically, when removal, motion, etc., from a surface is involved, as מעל האדמה, מעל פני האדמה from upon (the face of) the ground, usually with expel, destroy, perish, etc. Gen 4:14; Gen 6:7; Gen 7:4; Exod 32:12; Deut 6:15; Deut 28:21; Deut 28:63 + often, especially Jeremiah and compiler of Kings; to be lifted up הארץ מעל Gen 7:17; Ezek 1:19; Ezek 1:21 +, to return or be dried (of water) מעל הארץ Gen 8:3; Gen 8:7; Gen 8:11; Gen 8:13 to roll a stone מֵעַל פִּי הַבְּאֵד Gen 29:3 of the cloud departing האהל מעל Num 9:17; Num 12:10, compare Neh 9:19 to rise up הַכִּסֵּא מֵעַל Judg 3:20; 1Kgs 2:4, מֵעַל מִשְׁכָּבוֺ 2Sam 11:2 to alight מֵעַל הַגָּמָל (נָפַלׅ Gen 24:64 (compare Josh 15:18 צנח, 1Sam 25:23 ירד), ירד מֵעַל הַמֶּרְכָּבָה Judg 4:15; 2Kgs 5:21 (נפל); to take מֵעַל ראֹשׁ Gen 40:19; 2Sam 12:30, מֵעַל הַמִּזְבֵּחַ Lev 16:12; Num 17:11; Isa 6:6 to see מֵעַל הַגָּנ 2Sam 11:2 to shoot מֵעַל הַחוֺמָה v2Sam 11:20 v2Sam 11:24 to speak מֵעַל הַכַּפֹּרֶת Exod 25:22; Num 7:89 to cast down מֵעַל יָדַיִם Deut 9:17; Lev 8:28 (כַּפַּיִם); to break, remove, etc., a yoke (צוארך) מעל שׁכמך Gen 27:40; Isa 10:27; Jer 28:10; Jer 28:11 to wipe tears מֵעַל כָּלפָּֿנִים Isa 25:8 to take a bandage מעל עיניו 1Kgs 20:41 (compare על v1Kgs 20:38); often of putting off a garment or ornament., as Gen 38:14; Gen 38:19 וַתָּסַר צְעִיפָהּ מֵעָלֶיהָ, Exod 33:5 הוֺרֵד עֶדְיְךָ מֵעָלֶיךָ, a sandal Exod 3:5; Josh 5:15, a ring מֵעַל יָדוֺ Gen 41:42 to seek (דרשׁ), or hear, words מֵעַל הַסֵּפֶר Isa 34:16; Jer 36:11 (compare כתב על ספד above); pregnantly with בָּלָה to wear away (and fall) from off, Deut 8:4; Deut 29:4, compare of the bones or skin in disease Job 30:17 עֲצָמַי נִקַּר מֵעָלָ֑י are pierced (and drop) from off me, vJob 30:30 עוֺרִי שָׁחַר מעלי is black (and falls) from off me; figurative 1Sam 1:11 הָסִירִי יֵינֵךְ מֵעָלַיִךְ remove thy wine from off thee; Num 14:9 סָר צִלָּם מֵעֲלֵיהֶם; Judg 16:19; Judg 16:20 סר מעליו ׳י (with allusion to the hair, as the seat of Samson's strength), 1Sam 16:23 (compare על in v1Sam 16:16).

b. Of relief from a burden or trouble: as of a plague, stroke, rod, etc., removed from (resting) on one, Exod 10:17 וְיָסֵר מֵעָלַי אֶתהַֿמָּוֶת הַזֶּה, Num 21:7; Num 25:8 ׳וַתֵּעָצַר הַמַּגֵּפָה מֵעַל ישׂר 2Sam 24:21; 2Sam 24:25), Ps 39:11 הָסֵר מֵעָלַי נִגְעֶ֑ךָ, Job 9:34; Job 13:21; Joel 2:20 of reproach Josh 5:9; Isa 25:8; Ps 119:22, iniquity Ezek 18:31; Zech 3:4, bloodguiltiness, 1Kgs 2:31, wrath Judg 8:3; Num 25:11; Prov 24:18, murmurings Num 17:21; Num 17:25 הֵקֵל מֵעַל to lighten from upon one Exod 18:22 +; Amos 5:23 הָסֵר מֵעָלַיהֲמוֺן שִׁירֶיךָ; pregnantly Jonah 1:11; Jonah 1:12 that the sea יִשְׁתֹּק מֵעָלֵינוּ may be calm from off us; to remove, etc., מֵעַל פָּנַי (see פָּנִים); 1Sam 6:20 to whom shall he go up מֵעָלֵינוּ — not merely 'from us,' but — from upon us (relieving us of his presence), so often of an army retiring from a country or raising a siege, 2Sam 10:14 ויָּשָׁב יוֺאָב מֵעַל בְּנֵי עַמּוֺן, 2Sam 20:21 וְאֵעלכָה מֵעַל הָעִיר, v2Sam 20:22 Ki 2Sam 3:27; 2Sam 18:14, especially with עָלָה, נַעֲלָה 1Kgs 15:19; Jer 21:2; Jer 37:5; Jer 37:11 +; 2Sam 19:10 David fled מעל אבשׁלום from Absalom (whom his presence had encumbered), Neh 13:28 וָאַבְרִיחֵהוּ מֵעָלַי, compare Gen 13:11; Gen 25:6; Num 20:21 מֵעָלָיו ׳וַיֵּט ישׂר, 2Chr 20:10; Exod 10:28 לֵךְ מֵעָלַי (contemptuously; be no more obnoxious to me), similarly 2Sam 13:17 שׁלחונֿא אתזֿאת מעלי (Amnon of Tamar).

c. From beside (compare על 6 c), in different nuances: Gen 17:22 God went up מעל אברהם from beside A., Gen 35:13; Gen 18:3 אל נא תעבר מעל עבדך (compare על vGen 18:5), Gen 42:24; Num 16:25; Num 16:27; 1Kgs 1:53 to come down מֵעַל הַמִּזְבֵּחַ (compare על 1Kgs 13:1 6 c and 7 b); from attendance on Gen 45:1 (compare על ib.), Judg 3:19 וְיֵּצְאוּ מֵעָלָיו כָּלהָֿעֹמְדִים עָלָיו 1Sam 17:15 (see Dr), 2Sam 13:9, compare1 Sam 2Sam 13:8; 2Sam 13:11; 2Kgs 25:5 (Jer 36:21 read עַל, מ being dittograph), compare 2Chr 35:15 from attachment to, ׳רָחַק מֵעַל י Jer 2:5; Ezek 11:15; Ezek 44:10, compare Ezek 8:6, ׳סָר מֵעַל י Jer 32:40; Ezek 6:9, ׳תָּעָה מֵעַל י Ezek 44:10; Ezek 44:15, compare Ezek 14:5; Deut 13:11 also סָר מֵעַל חַטּאֹות 2Kgs 10:31; 2Kgs 15:18 (usually מֵחטאות), compare Ezek 14:6; Ezek 23:18 from companionship with, Job 19:13 אַחַי מֵעַלַי הִרְחִיק; from accompanying protectingly 1Sam 28:15 וֵאלֹהִים סָר מֵעַלַי, v1Sam 28:16 (compare על Ps 110:5 and see Dr); from adhesion to 2Kgs 17:21 קָרַע ישׂראל מֵעַל בֵּית תָּוִד, Isa 7:17; Isa 56:6 יַבְדִּילַנִי מֵעַל עַמּוֺ ׳י, Hos 9:1 זָנִיתָ מֵעַל אֱלֹהֶיךָ.

d. In late Hebrew, = עַל above: 2Kgs 25:28 נָתַן ׳כִּסְאוֺ מֵעַל כִּסֵּא וגו (|| Jer 52:32 more class. מִמַּעַל לְ), Esth 3:1; Ps 108:5 גדול מעל שׁמים (|| Ps 57:11 עַד), Ps 148:4; Eccl 5:7 גָּבֹהַּ מֵעַל גָּבֹהַּ שֹׁמֵר, Neh 3:28; Neh 8:5; 2Chr 34:4 לְמַעְלָה מֵעֲלֵיהֶם on high above them; Ezek 41:17; Ezek 41:20. — Prov 14:14 read with De Now Str וּמִמַּעֲלָלָיו.

e. מֵעַל לְ (chiefly late, and pleonastic for עַל, or else = the more class. synonym מִמַּעַל לְ): (a) Gen 1:7 מֵעַל לָרָקִיעַ (Ezek 1:26 ׳מִמַּעַל לְ), Ezek 1:25 (text dubious; see Commentaries), 1Sam 17:39; Jonah 4:6; Mal 1:5 upon, over the border (territory) of Israel (so Köhl Ke: but Hi Ew We beyond, 2Chr 13:4 upon, mount Zemaraim, 2Chr 24:20. (b) beside 2Chr 26:19 מֵעַל לְמִזְבַּח הַקְּטֹרֶת; Neh 12:31 (twice in verse); Neh 12:37; Neh 12:38 (twice in verse); Neh 12:39 dubious: BeRy (in all) off the side of (מִן 6) = at a little distance from; Ke in vNeh 12:31 vNeh 12:38a upon, in vNeh 12:37 vNeh 12:38b; vNeh 12:39 by the side of (an ... vorüber).

BDB6111 H4192 H5921 H5961

עֲלָמוֺת, עַלמֿוּת etc., see עַלְמָה below II. עלם. below

BDB9768 H5922 H5921

עַל preposition upon, over, on account of, above, to, against (Biblical Hebrew and general Aramaic id.); — suffix 1 singular עֲלַי; 2 masculine singular עליך Kt (so Egyptian Aramaic, Cooke^{No. 77, A 5, 6, B 8}, S-C^{Pap. A 3, B 5} +), עֲלָךְ, Qr (ᵑ7 עֲלַךְ, Dalm^{§ 47, 2}) Dan 3:12 + 6 t. Daniel; Ezra 7:18 3 masculine singular עֲלוֺהִי (so Nabataean, Palmyrene; Egyptian Aramaic עלוי S-C^{A 6} +) Dan 3:28 +, עֲלֹהִי Ezra 6:11 3 feminine singular עליה Kt (so Egyptian Aramaic, S-C^{D 24}), עֲלַהּ Qr (so ᵑ7) Dan 4:14; Dan 5:21 1 plural עֲלֵינָא Ezra 4:12, עֲלֵ֑ינָא Ezra 4:18; Ezra 5:17 Baer (Gi עֲלֶ֑ינָא); 3 masculine plural עֲלֵיהֹם (so Nabataean, CIS^{ii. 226}; Egyptian Aramaic, S-C^{Pap. F 5, 8}+) Ezra 7:24, עֲלֵיהוֺן Ezra 5:1; Ezra 5:3 —

1. a. upon, Dan 2:10; Dan 2:28; Dan 2:46; Dan 5:5; Dan 5:7; Dan 6:11 + often, Dan 4:26 עַלהֵֿיכַל מַלְכוּתָא (2Sam 11:2); to be established עַל מַלְכוּתִי 2Sam 4:33 (compare 2Chr 1:1 Biblical Hebrew II. 1) to lay an impost upon, Ezra 7:24 to trust on, Dan 3:28 after a verb of motion, מְטָא עַל to come upon, Dan 4:21; Dan 4:25 of times, to pass over, Dan 4:13; Dan 4:20; Dan 4:22; Dan 4:29; Ezra 5:1 בְּשֻׁם אֱלָהּ יִשְׂרָאֵל עֲלֵיהוֺן i.e. (named) over them.
b. idiomatic (as in Biblical Hebrew; see II. 1 d) of the person who is the subject of an emotion or experience, Dan 5:9 וְזִיוֺתִי שָׁנַיִן עֲלוֺהִי were changed upon him, Dan 7:28; Dan 6:19 וְשִׁנְּתֵהּ נַדַּת עֲלוֺהִי (compare Dan 2:1).
c. on accusative of (Biblical Hebrew 1 f b), Dan 3:16 פִּתְגָּם עַלדְּֿנָה. So in עַלדְּֿנָה on this accusative Ezra 4:15; Ezra 4:22; Ezra 5:17, עַלמָֿה wherefore ? Dan 2:15 and עַל דִּבְרַת דִּי (see ׳דְּ).
d. on behalf of (ib. 1 f c), Ezra 6:17.
e. regarding, concerning (ib. 1 f g), Dan 2:18; Dan 5:14; Dan 5:29; Dan 6:6; Dan 6:13; Ezra 7:14 + often

2. over, with verbs of ruling, appointing, etc., Dan 2:48; Dan 2:49; Dan 3:12; Dan 4:14 +, Ezra 4:20; Ezra 6:18.

3. in a comparative sense, above, beyond, Dan 3:19; Dan 6:4.

4. expressing direction:
a. to, of a person, after a verb of motion (compare Biblical Hebrew 7 c a a), Dan 2:24; Dan 4:31; Dan 4:33; Dan 6:7; Dan 6:16; Ezra 4:12; Ezra 4:23 + often; after to send (a letter, etc.) Ezra 4:11; Ezra 4:17; Ezra 4:18; Ezra 5:6 +, write Ezra 4:7, prophesy Ezra 5:1 of the direction of the mind (ib. 7c c), Dan 3:12; Dan 6:14 (twice in verse); Dan 6:15 compare Ezra 5:5 הֲוַת עַל ׳וְעֵין אֱל (compare Jer 40:4 and אֶל Ps 34:16).
b. against, Dan 3:19; Dan 3:29; Dan 5:23; Dan 6:5; Dan 6:6 +; Ezra 4:8; Ezra 7:23.

5. in such phrases as שְׁפַר עַל, טְאֵב (to be) good or acceptable to (as in Syriac and late Hebrew: see Biblical Hebrew 8), Ezra 5:17 אִם עַל מַלְכָּא טָב, Ezra 7:18 (twice in verse); Dan 4:24 (יִשְׁפַּר), Dan 6:15 (בְּאֵשׁ), v.Dan 6:24 (טְאֵב). — compare the synopsis of meanings in Lzb³⁴⁰.

upon, against, over, in, for, …

ʿal

above, over, upon, or against (yet always in this last relation with a downward aspect) in a great variety of applications

(prep) upon, on the ground of, according to, on account of, on behalf of, concerning, beside, in addition to, together with, beyond, above, over, by, on to, towards, to, against

upon, on the ground of, on the basis of, on account of, because of, therefore, on behalf of, for the sake of, for, with, in spite of, notwithstanding, concerning, in the matter of, as regards

אֱד֔וֹם

Root word a name — transliterate it ("Edom")

Dictionary form: אֱדֹם · eh-DOME

Noun — Proper Name

In the KJV here: edom

of edom ×38 edom ×17 in edom ×8 the edomites ×7 and edom ×5 idumea ×3 is edom ×3 concerning edom ×2

More options

Edom — Standard proper name; use for the nation or territory.

Edomite — Use when referring to individuals or people of Edom.

Edomites — Plural; preferred for the collective people group.

Idumea — Greek/Latin form; suits later historical or NT-era contexts.

BDB116 H123

אֱדֹם noun [masculine] name of a condiment (Arabic see Anderson in Di; compare Assyrian adumatu ? Dl^W) ׳הָאֱ Gen 25:30 (twice in verse) (J; so read for ׳הָאָ MT; see Di).

BDB117 H123

אֱדוֺם ( אֱדֹם Ezek 25:14)

proper name, masculine 1. Edom (name of a god ? see Sta^{G. 1, 121} RS^{Sem 43}; see n.pr. עבדאדם; but Bae^{Rel 10} thinks dialect variant reading of אָדָם, בני אדום = בְנֵי אָדָם) = Esau, elderson of Isaac Gen 25:30 (J) (where etymology = red, compare vGen 25:25 (E ?) & below אַדְמוֺנִי Gen 36:1; Gen 36:8; Gen 36:19 (P).

2. collective (masculine but feminine Mal 1:4) Edomites, Idumeans as descendants of Esau Gen 36:9; Gen 36:43 (P); also 1Sam 14:47 + 31 t. + 2Sam 8:13 (for ᵑ0 ארם; ᵐ5 ᵑ6 see 1Chr 18:12; Ps 60:2, We Dr); perhaps also vPs 60:12 (ᵐ5 ᵑ6 1Chr 18:11 ᵑ0 ארם but see We Dr); also 2Chr 20:2 (see Berthau); ׳א = king of Edom Num 20:18; Num 20:20; Num 20:21 in poetry ׳בְּנֵי א Ps 137:7 ׳בַּת א Lam 4:21; Lam 4:22

3. land of Edom, Idumaea (f. Ezek 32:29; Ezek 35:15 and Ezek 36:5) south & southeast of Palestine Gen 36:32; Gen 36:43 + 32 t. (including שְׂדֵה ׳א Gen 32:4 ׳אֶרֶץ א Gen 36:16; Gen 36:17; Gen 36:21; Gen 36:31; Num 20:23; Num 21:4; Num 33:37 +); — uncertain weather 2 or 3 are Exod 15:15; Num 20:14; Num 24:18 + 9 t. (chiefly in ׳מֶלֶח א etc.)

**See now FBuhl^{Geschichte. d. Edomiter (1893)}.

edom, edomites, idumea

ʾĕdōm

red

Edom, the elder twin-brother of Jacob; hence the region (Idumaea) occupied by him

Edom

וְ הִכְרַתִּ֥י

וְ

Prefix — connector and (sometimes: but, so, then)

הִכְרַתִּ֥י

Root word off, made, make, down, cut, …

Dictionary form: כָּרַת · kaw-RAHT

Verb — Hiphil, Sequential Perfect (Weqatal), first person singular causative — "he made (someone) do" carries the story forward — try "and he will ___" the built-in subject is "I"

In the KJV here: and will cut off

shall be cut off ×23 made ×17 and i will cut off ×12 cut off ×10 and cut off ×9 be cut off ×9 to cut off ×8 he made ×7

More options

cut off — Best for severing, removing, or eliminating a person or thing.

make (a covenant) — Idiomatic use; prefer when the object is a treaty or covenant.

cut down — Use for felling trees or striking down enemies physically.

eliminate — Stronger, modern register; suits judicial or divine removal.

destroy — When total eradication or annihilation is emphasized.

forge (an agreement) — Contemporary idiom for covenant-making in diplomatic contexts.

BDB4216 H3772 H3773

כָּרַת₂₉₁ verb cut off, cut down (Late Hebrew id.; Assyrian karâtu, II. hew off Dl^{HWB 357}); —

Qal Perfect ׳כ Gen 15:18 + 19 t.; 2 masculine singular כָּרָ֑תָּ Deut 20:20 1 singular כָּרַתִּי Exod 34:27 + 15 t.; + 8 t. Perfect; Imperfect יִכְרֹת Job 40:28 + 21 t.; 2 masculine singular תִּכְרָתֿ Isa 57:8 1 singular אֶכְרוֺת Isa 61:8; 1Sam 11:2 אֶכְרְתָה Isa 55:3 3 masculine plural יִכְרֹ֑תוּ Hos 12:2; Ps 83:6 1 plural נִכְרְתָה Gen 26:28; Gen 31:44 suffix נִכְרְתֶנּוּ Jer 11:19 + 31 t. Imperfect Imperative כְּרָתֿ 1Sam 11:1 כָּרְתָה 2Sam 3:12 + 4 t. Imperative; Infinitive absolute כָּרֹת Hos 10:4 כָּרוֺת Neh 9:8 construct כְּרֹת Jer 34:8 + 2 t.; כְּרָתֿ Isa 44:14 + 2 t.; כְּרוֺת 2Chr 2:7; 2Chr 29:10 suffix כָּרְתִי 1Sam 24:12 Participle active כֹּרֵת Exod 34:10 + 3 t.; + 3 t. Participle active passive כָּרוּת Lev 22:24 construct כְּרוּת Deut 23:2 plural ת[וֺ]כְּרֻת 1Kgs 7:12 + 3 t.; —

1. cut off :
a. things: with accusative foreskin Exod 4:25 (J); privy member Lev 22:24 (H) Deut 23:2 cluster of grapes Num 13:23; Num 13:24 (E); bough of tree Judg 9:48; Judg 9:49 skirt 1Sam 24:5; 1Sam 24:6; 1Sam 24:12 head of man 1Sam 17:51; 1Sam 31:9; 1Sam 2:22 garments 2Sam 10:4 = 1Chr 19:4 palms of hands 1Sam 5:4 sprigs Isa 18:5.
b. persons, with accusative of person מִן location Jer 11:19; Jer 50:16.

2. cut down, with accusative tress Deut 19:5; Deut 20:19; Deut 20:20; 2Kgs 19:23 = Isa 37:24; Isa 44:14; Jer 6:6; Jer 10:3; Jer 22:7; Jer 46:23; Ezek 31:12 asherim Exod 34:13 (J) Judg 6:25; Judg 6:26; Judg 6:30; 1Kgs 15:13 = 2Chr 15:16; 2Kgs 18:4; 2Kgs 23:14

3. hew, timber 1Kgs 5:20 (twice in verse) = 2Chr 2:7; 2Chr 2:15; Isa 14:8 כֹּרְתֵי הָעֵצִים hewers of timber 2Chr 2:9 כְּרֻת(וֺ)ת hewn beams 1Kgs 6:36; 1Kgs 7:2; 1Kgs 7:12

4. בְּרִית ׳כ cut, or make a covenant (because of the cutting up and distribution of the flesh of the victim for eating in the sacrifice of the covenants, see בְּרִית); ׳הָעֵגֶל אֲשֶׁר כ the calf which they cut Jer 34:18 (referring to Gen 15:10); עֲלֵיזֶֿבַח Ps 50:5 absolute Gen 21:27; Gen 21:32; Gen 31:44 (E) 1Sam 18:3; 1Kgs 5:26; Hos 10:4 with אֶת with Gen 15:18; Exod 34:27; Deut 31:16 (J) Deut 5:3; Deut 28:69 (twice in verse); Deut 29:13; 2Sam 3:12; 2Sam 3:13; 2Sam 3:21; 2Kgs 17:15; 2Kgs 17:35; 2Kgs 17:38; Isa 28:15; Jer 11:10; Jer 31:31; Jer 31:32; Jer 31:33; Jer 34:8; Jer 34:13; Ezek 17:13; Zech 11:10; Ps 105:9 = 1Chr 16:16 with עִם Gen 26:28 (J) Exod 24:8 (E) Deut 4:23; Deut 5:2; Deut 9:9; Deut 29:11; Deut 29:24; 1Kgs 8:21 = 2Chr 6:11; 2Chr 23:3; Neh 9:8; Hos 2:20; Hos 12:2; Job 40:28 ׳בְּ omitted 1Sam 20:16; 1Sam 22:8; 1Kgs 8:9 = 2Chr 5:10 with לְ Exod 23:32; Exod 34:12; Exod 34:15; Josh 9:6; Josh 9:7; Josh 9:11; Josh 9:15; Josh 9:16; Josh 24:25 (JE) Deut 7:2; Judg 2:2; 1Sam 11:1; 2Sam 5:3; 1Kgs 20:34; 2Kgs 11:4; 1Chr 11:3; 2Chr 21:7; 2Chr 29:10; Ezra 10:3; Isa 55:3; Isa 61:8; Jer 32:40; Ezek 34:25; Ezek 37:26; Job 31:1; Ps 89:4 ׳בְּ omitted 1Sam 11:2; 2Chr 7:18 נֶגֶד Exod 34:10 (J); לִפְנֵי 1Sam 23:18; 2Kgs 23:3 = 2Chr 34:31; Jer 34:15; Jer 34:18 בֵּין וּבֵין 2Kgs 11:17; 2Chr 23:16 with עַל against, Ps 83:6 אֲמָנָה is used for ברית Neh 10:1 and דָּבָר Hag 2:5.

Note. — וַתִּכְרָתלָֿךְ מֵהֶם Isa 57:8 is usually rendered as RV made for thee a covenant with them, with ellipsis of ׳בּ as above. But מִן is not used in such a construction. The clause is commonly regarded as corrupt by recent critics. Gr emends עִמָּהֶם for מֵהֶם, this is easiest and gives the usual construction; Du followed by Buhl, reads וַתִּכְרִי after Hos 3:2.

Niph`al Perfect 3 masculine singular נִכְרַת Joel 1:5 + 5 t.; נִכְרָ֑ת Joel 1:16 + 2 t.; 3 feminine singular נִכְרְתָה Gen 17:14 + 16 t.; נִכְרָ֑תָה Ps 37:38 2 masculine singular נִכְרַתָּ Obad 1:10 + 8 t. Perfect; Imperfect יִכָרֵת Gen 9:11 + 21 t.; יִכָּֽרֶתֿ Obad 1:9 3 masculine plural יִכָּֽרְתוּ Zech 13:8 יִכָּרֵת֑וּן Josh 3:13; Ps 37:9 + 9 t. Imperfect; Infinitive הִכָּרֵת Num 15:31; Ps 37:34. —

1. be cut off:
a. of things, forward tongue Prov 10:31 burden from a nail Isa 22:25 chariots Zech 9:10 dwelling Zeph 3:7.
b. of persons, the people of the land by a famine (בְּ) Gen 41:36 (E); all flesh by waters of deluge (מִמֵּי) Gen 9:11 (P); the anointed Dan 9:26 enemies Isa 11:13; Mic 5:8 the wicked Isa 29:20; Hos 8:4; Nah 2:1; Ps 37:9; Ps 37:22; Ps 37:28; Ps 37:34; Ps 37:38; Prov 2:22 others Obad 1:9; Obad 1:10; Zeph 1:11; Zech 13:8; Zech 14:2.
c. in the technical phrases of H and P וְנִכְרְתָה הַנֶּפֶשׁ ההיא that person shall be cut off (by death penalty) מֵעַמֶּיהָ Gen 17:14; Lev 7:20; Lev 7:21; Lev 7:25; Lev 7:27; Num 9:13; Lev 19:8 מִיִּשְׂרָאֵל Exod 12:15; Num 19:13 מֵעֲדַת יִשְׂרָאֵל Exod 12:19 מִקֶּרֶב עַמֶּיהָ Exod 31:14; Num 15:30 (עַמָּהּ); מִלְּפָנַי Lev 22:3 מִתּוֺךְ הַקָּהָל Num 19:20 similarly with variation of subject Exod 30:33; Exod 30:38; Lev 17:4; Lev 17:9; Lev 18:29; Lev 20:18; Lev 23:29, and with omission of word with מִן Lev 17:14; Lev 20:17; Num 15:31 (twice in verse).

2. be cut down, a tree Job 14:7.

3. be chewed between the teeth Num 11:33 (J).

4. be cut off, in a more general sense, fail: of waters Josh 3:13; Josh 3:16 (JE) Josh 4:7 (twice in verse) (D); new wine Joel 1:5 meat vJoel 1:16 hope Prov 23:18; Prov 24:14 a name Isa 48:19; Isa 56:5; Ruth 4:10 a sign Isa 55:13 faithfulness Jer 7:28 אִישׁ ׳לֹא יִכָּרֵת לְ there shall not fail thee a man 1Kgs 2:4; 1Kgs 8:25 = 2Chr 6:16; 1Kgs 9:5 = 2Chr 7:18; Jer 33:17; Jer 33:18; Jer 35:19 לא יכרת מן there shall not fail of Josh 9:23 (J) 2Sam 3:29.

Pual Perfect כָּרַּת Ezek 16:4 3 feminine singular כֹּרָ֑תָה Judg 6:28 —

1. be cut off, navel string Ezek 16:4.

2. be cut down, Asherah Judg 6:28.

Hiph`il Perfect הִכְרִית 1Sam 28:9; 1Kgs 11:16 3 feminine singular הִכְרִיתָה Lev 26:22 1 singular הִכְרַתִּי Josh 23:4 + 32 t.; + 4 t. Perfect; Imperfect יַכְרִית Deut 12:29 + 2 t.; jussive יַכְרֵת Ps 12:4 + 4 t.; 1 singular וָאַכְרִ֫תָה 2Sam 7:9 1 plural suffix וְנַכְרִיתֶנָּה Jer 48:2 + 9 t. Imperfect; Infinitive הַכְרִית Jer 44:8 + 15 t.; הַכְרִת 1Sam 20:15 + suffix 2 t. —

1. cut off, flattering lips Ps 12:4.

2. cut off, destroy the life of:
a. animals with accusative, cattle Lev 26:22 (H); with accusative and מִן frogs Exod 8:5 (J); horses Mic 5:9; Zech 9:10.
b. of men abs. Ps 109:13, by men, with accusative enemies Judg 4:24; 1Sam 24:22; 1Kgs 11:16; 1Kgs 14:14; 1Kgs 18:4; 2Chr 22:7; Isa 10:7; Ezek 17:17; Obad 1:14 with accusative and מִן enemies Josh 11:21; Jer 48:2 the wicked Ps 101:8 a clan Num 4:18 (P); young men by death Jer 9:20 people by the sword Nah 3:15 necromancers 1Sam 28:9 the name Josh 7:9.
c. of men, by God with accucusative. (הַ)גּוֺיִם Deut 19:1; Josh 23:4 (D) Zeph 3:6 various persons and things Isa 48:9; Jer 44:11; Jer 51:62; Ezek 25:16; Ezek 30:15; Zech 9:6 with accusative and מִן Ezek 25:7; Amos 1:5; Amos 1:8; Amos 2:3 מֵאֶרֶץ Nah 2:14; Ps 34:17 = Ps 109:15 מִיִּשְׂרָאֵל Isa 9:13 מִיַּד Mic 5:11 מִפָּנֶיךָ Deut 12:29; 2Sam 7:9 = 1Chr 17:8 מֵעַל פְּנֵי הָאֲדָמָה 1Sam 20:15; 1Kgs 9:7; Zeph 1:3 מִקֶּרֶב עַמּוֺ Lev 17:10; Lev 20:3; Lev 20:5; Lev 20:6 (H); מִתּוֺךְ עַמִּי Ezek 14:8 Ezekiel says also מִן ׳הכ אָ֗֗֗דָם וּבְהֵמָה Ezek 14:13; Ezek 14:17; Ezek 14:19; Ezek 14:21; Ezek 25:13; Ezek 29:8 צדיק ורשׁע Ezek 21:8; Ezek 21:9 עבר ושׁב Ezek 35:7 with accusative and לְ cutt off, to, or from Isa 14:22; Jer 44:7; Jer 44:8; Jer 47:4 מַשְׁתִּין בְּקִיר ׳לְ ׳כ 1Kgs 14:10; 1Kgs 21:21; 2Kgs 9:8 מעם מזבח ׳ל ׳כ 1Sam 2:33 לָאִישׁ מֵאָֽהֳלֵי יַעֲקֹב ׳יַכְרֵת י Mal 2:12 may Yahweh cut off to the man — from the tents of Jacob.

3. cut down, destroy, cities Mic 5:10, sun-pillars Lev 26:30 (H); and other things used in idolartry Nah 1:14; Zeph 1:4 מן הארץ Zech 13:2 מִקֶּרֶב Mic 5:12.

4. take away, חֶסֶד מֵעִם kindness from 1Sam 20:15.

5. permit to perish, מֵהַבְּהֵמָה (some) of the cattle 1Kgs 18:5.

Hoph`al Perfect ׳הָכְרַת מִנְחָה וָנֶסֶךְ מִבֵּית י Joel 1:9.

off, made, make, down, cut, …

kārat

to cut (off, down or asunder); by implication, to destroy or consume; specifically, to covenant (i.e., make an alliance or bargain, originally by cutting flesh and passing between the pieces)

to cut, cut off, cut down, cut off a body part, cut out, eliminate, kill, cut a covenant

(Qal)

to cut off

to cut off a body part, behead

to be cut off

to be cut off

to cut off

מִמֶּ ֖נָּה

מִמֶּ

Preposition of, from, than, for, thereof, …

֖נָּה

Suffix — pronoun her / it

Dictionary form: מִן · min

Preposition

In the KJV here: from

from ×263 of ×236 out of ×139 and of ×48 than ×42 from me ×18 for ×17 thereof ×16

More options

from — Most common spatial or temporal origin; broadly useful.

out of — Emphasizes emergence or extraction from within something.

of — Partitive or genitive relationship; use for 'some of' contexts.

than — Use in comparative constructions; e.g. 'greater than'.

since — Temporal use; marks a starting point in time.

among — Distributive sense; source is a group or collective.

BDB4709 H4480

מִןֿ and מִּ , before יְ (except Dan 12:2; 2Chr 20:11) contracted to מִי (as מִידֵי from מִיְּדֵי), before guttural and ר, mostly מֵ, occasionally מִ (Ges^{«GKC:102»§ 102}, l R.; more fully Kö^{ii. 291ff}), מִן before article in all books much commoner than -מֵ; מִן; before other words most frequently in Chronicles [51 t.: elsewhere 47 t. (Kö²⁹²)]; in poetry also מִנִּי, with the old י of the genitive (Ges^{«GKC:90»§ 90}.3a) Judg 5:14 (twice in verse); Isa 46:3 (twice in verse); Ps 44:11; Ps 44:19; Ps 68:32; Ps 74:22; Ps 78:2; Ps 78:42; Ps 88:10 + 19 t. Job, and in לְמִנִּי Mic 7:12 (twice in verse) and מִנֵּיֿ (on analogue of עֲדֵי, עֲלֵי) Isa 30:11 (twice in verse), preposition expressing the idea of separation, hence out of, from, on account of, off, on the side of, since, above, than, so that not (Phoenician מ; Aramaic ; Arabic >; Ethiopic ; Sabean בן (DHM^{ZMG xxix.606 ff.}; xxxvii.375)); with suff, מִמֶּנִּי (the מִן reduplicated, Ol^{§ 223c}, and others, Kö^{ii. 289 f.}), in poetry מִנִּי Isa 22:4; Isa 30:1; Isa 38:12; Job 16:6, מֶ֫נִּי Ps 18:23; Ps 65:4; Ps 139:19; Job 21:16; Job 22:18; Job 30:10 מִמְּךָ, מִמֶּ֑ךָּ, מִמֵּךְ; מִמֶּ֫נּוּ ( Job 4:12 מֶ֫נְהוּ), מִמֶּ֫נָּה; 1 plural מִמֶּ֫נּוּ (according to Orientals מִמֵּ֫נֿוּ: see Baer^{Job. p. 57} Kö²⁹⁰); מִכֶּם; מֵהֶם (מִנְּהֶם Job 11:20), מֵהֵ֫מָּה Jer 10:2; Eccl 12:12 מֵהֵ֫נָּה 7 t. (see הֵ֫מָּה 8 c), מֵהֶן (editions מֵהֵן) Ezek 16:47; Ezek 16:52 (see Zerweck^{Heb, Präp. Min, 1894}): — 1. with verbs expressing (or implying) separation or removal, whether from a person or place, or in any direction, also from guilt, calamity, etc.: — thus
a. to descend from a mountain Exod 19:14, to fall from a roof Deut 22:8, from heaven Isa 14:12, to go up from a valley Josh 10:7, to raise up from the dunghill 1Sam 2:8, or the ground 2Sam 12:17. So constantly with verbs of going, as בא, הלך, שׁב, ברח (followed by a person, usually מפני), of calling, as Isa 24:14 צָֽהֲלוּ מִיָּם, Isa 42:10; Isa 42:11; Ps 148:1 of asking or exacting as שׁאל, בקשׁ, דרשׁ, נָקַם,הִנָּקֵם, of delivering, as הושׁיע, הציל, etc., of hiding as נעלם, העלים, etc., of taking or withholding, as לקח, חשׂך, מנע, of keeping (from), as נצר, שׁמר, of being far, or desisting, as רחק Exod 23:7, חֲדַל מִמֶּנּוּ desist from us,Exod 14:2, so הֶרֶף Deut 9:14,הֵנִיחַ Deut 12:10, השׁקיט > Ps 94:13, שׁבת Gen 2:2, compare Gen 5:29 note especially the pregnant constructions, שׁפט to judge (and save) from Ps 43:1, followed by מִיַּד 1Sam 24:16 +, ענה to answer (and save) from Ps 22:22, חרשׁ and חשׁה to be silent (turning) from Ps 28:1 (twice in verse), החרישׁו ממני Job 13:13; Jer 38:27; Ps 18:22 ולא רשׁעתי מאלהי not did wickedly (turning) from my God, Ps 30:4 Kt., Ps 73:27, כלזֿוֺנֶה ממך, Jer 3:20 בָּגַד מִן (ᵐ5 εἰς = ב), Jer 31:13 with שִׂמַּח (2Chr 20:27), Ezek 27:34; Prov 25:17 הֹקַר רַגְלְךָ מִבֵּית רֵעֶ֫ךָ, Isa 29:4; Isa 63:17; Joel 1:12; Jer 51:5 אַלְמָן מֵאֱלֹהָיו widowed (and severed) from etc., Ezek 44:22 also Judg 7:17 מִמֶּנִּי תִרְאוּ וְכֵן תַּעֲשׂוּ ye shall see from me, i.e. learn what to do by observing me. Some of the verbs mentioned above are construed more precisely with מֵאֵת, מֵעִם, מֵעַל, q. v.: and others, especially לקח, דרשׁ, הושׁיע, הצּיל, פּדה, פִּלֵּט, idiomatic with מִיַּד. With infinitives, see below 7 b. often also with adverbs, as מִשָּׁם thence, מֵאַיִן whence ? מִוֶּה, מִפֹּה hence. compare also חָפְשִׁי מִן free (safe) from Job 3:19, עֵזֶר מִצָּרָיו a help from his foes Deut 33:7; Nah 3:11 מָעוֺז מֵאוֺיֵב, Ps 32:7 סֵתֶר מִצַּר, Ps 60:13 עֶזְרָת מִצָּ֑ר, Isa 4:6 צֵל מֵחֹרֶב a shadow from, the heat, Isa 25:4. Here also belong Isa 40:15 מַר מִדְּלִי a drop from (hanging from) a bucket; Song 4:1 goats שֶׁגָָּֽלְשׁוּ מהר גלעד that sit up (seeming to hang) from the hills of Gilead (compare Od. 21. 420 ἐκ διφροιο καθήμενος: also the Arabic idiom , literally to be near from a thing): probably also the difficult passage Dan 8:9, and from one of them there came forth מִצְּעִירָה קֶרֶן אַחַת a horn from (being) a little one, i.e. gradually increasing from small beginnings (but ? read אַחֶרֶת צְעִירָה Bev compare Dan 7:8).
b. מן also, without a verb of similar significance, sometimes expresses the idea of separation, away from, far from (compare II. 2. 162 φίλης ἀπὸ πατρίδος αἴης): Prov 20:3 שֶׁכֶת מֵרִיב to sit away from strife (compare ap. De), Num 15:24 if the thing be done מֵעֵינֵי הָעֵדָה away from the eyes of etc., Judg 5:11 De RV (but Be RVm because of), Isa 14:19 cast out מִקִּבְרְךָ away from thy sepulchre, Job 28:4 דַּלּוּ מֵאֱנוֺשׁ, Gen 4:11 cursed art thou האדמה מןֿ, De Di away from the (tilled) soil, compare vGen 4:14 (but Kn Ke from, compare vGen 4:12 a), Gen 27:39 (probably) הָאָרֶץ מִשְׁמַנֵּי away from the fatness of the earth shall be thy dwelling; almost = without, Job 11:15 then shalt thou lift up thy face מִמּוּם away from, without spot, Job 19:26 (probably) מִבְּשָׂרִי without my flesh shall I see God, Job 21:9 בָּֽתֵּיהֶם שָׁלוֺם מִפַּחַד are at peace without fear, Prov 1:33; Jer 48:45 fleeing עָֽמְדוּ מִכֹּחַ they stand without strength, Isa 22:3 מִקֶּשֶׁת אֻסָּ֫רוּ (Hi De Di Che) they were bound without the bow (being used) (but Ges as 2 e: by the bowmen), Zeph 3:18. (On 2Sam 13:16 see We or Dr). See also 7 b. with of position, off, on the side of, on, especially with reference to quarters of the heavens (compare πρὸς Νότου, ἐκ δεξιῶν, a fronte, a tergo, etc.): Gen 2:8 ׳י planted a garden in Eden מִקֶּדֶם off, on the east, Gen 12:8 מִקֶּדֶם בֵּיתְאֵל מִיָּם וְהָעַי Bethel off (on) the West and `Ai off (on) the East; so מִמִּוְרָח, מִצָּפוֺן, מִנֶּגֶכ Josh 11:3; Josh 15:8; Josh 18:5; 1Sam 14:5, etc.: similarly מִיָּמִין on the right, מִשְּׂמאֹול on the left, מִמּוּל and (more rarely) מִפָּנִים on the front, מֵאָחוֺר = behind (2Sam 10:9), מִסָּבִיב Deut 12:10 + round about, מִמַּעַל, מִלְמַעְלָה, and מֵעָ֑ל (rare) = above, מִתַּחַת Exod 20:4 + beneath, מִבַּיִת on the inside, מִחוּץ on the outside Gen 6:14 +, מִנֶּגֶד in front, at a distance, Gen 21:16 +, מֵרָחוֺק Exod 2:4 + afar off, מִפְּנִ֫ימָה within, מִזֶּהמִ֗֗֗וֶּה and מִפֹּה מִפֹּה ֗֗֗ on this side . . . on that side. And so even with verbs of motion, as Gen 11:2 מִקֶּדֶם ויהי בנסעם as they journeyed — not from, but — on, the side of the east, virtually = eastwards, Gen 13:11 and Lot journeyed מקדם east, Isa 17:13; Isa 22:3 ברחו מֵרָחוֺק they fled — not from afar but — afar, Isa 23:7 whose feet used to carry her מֵרָחוֺק afar off to sojourn, Isa 57:9 thou didst send thy messengers עדמֿרחוק even to afar. With a following לְ (or suffix), most of these words are frequently in the sense of on the east (west, etc.) of . . ., as Josh 8:13 לָעִיר מִיָּם on the west of the city, מִקֶּדֶם לְ Gen 3:24, מִצְּפוֺן לְ (construct Ges^{«GKC:130a»§ 130 a, n}.) Josh 8:11; Josh 8:13; Josh 24:30, מִימִינֶ֑ךָ Ps 91:7, מִתַּחַת לְ Gen 1:7, מִמַּעַל לְ Gen 22:9, מִבֵּית לְ Lev 16:2: מֵאַחֲרֵי behind Exod 14:19 מִצַּד בֵּיתְאֵל beside Bethel Josh 12:9, מִצִּדּוֺ beside it 1Sam 6:8, מֵעֵבֶר לַיַּרְדֵּן on the other side of Jordan Num 21:1 +; מֵהָֽלְאָה לְ beyond Amos 5:27 tablets written מִשְּׁנֵי עֶבְרֵיהֶם on both their sides, מִכָּלעֲֿבָרָיו Jer 49:32 + (see further the words cited). So מֵהַבַּיִת on the side of the house Ezek 40:7; Ezek 40:8; Ezek 40:9, מֵאֵצֶל beside Ezek 40:7; 1Sam 20:21 the arrows are מִמְּךָ וָהֵנָּה from thee and hither = on this side of thee, v1Sam 20:22 מִמְּךָ וָהָֽלְהָא, compare Num 32:19 (twice in verse).

2. Out of, Greek ἐκ, Latin ex: thus
a. מִמִּצְרַיִם out of Egypt: so
(a) with verbs of proceeding, removing, expelling, etc., as הוֺצִיא, יָצָא (see יָצָא), שִׁלַּח Gen 3:23, לָקַח Gen 34:26, גָנַב Gen 40:15, הִכְרִית Exod 8:5; Ps 101:8, גֵּרֵשׁ Judg 11:7, etc.; to draw out of water, a pit, etc. Exod 2:10; Ps 40:3 to cast out of the hand Judg 15:17 to rescue out of the mouth Amos 3:12 to drink מִכּוֺס 2Sam 12:3; Deut 30:3 וְקִבֶּצְךָ מִןהָֿעַמִּים, Ezek 11:17; Ezek 36:24 +: pregnantly with חָרֵד Hos 10:10; Hos 10:11, רגז Mic 7:17 to tremble (and come) out of, חרג Ps 18:46 (|| 2Sam 22:46 חגר), 2Sam 74:11; Isa 38:17 חָשַׁק (ni חָשַׂךְ leg.), Ezek 28:16 חִלֵּל, Ezra 2:62 compare נִשְׁכַּח מִפֶּה Deut 31:21, מִלֵּב Ps 31:13. In this application, often made more definite by the use of מִתּוֺךְ ֗֗֗ , מִקֶּרֶב ֗֗֗ out of the midst of.
(b) of the place out of which one looks, speaks, exerts power, etc., Gen 4:10; Num 24:19 (Ps 110:1), Deut 4:35 קלו מןהֿשׁמים השׁמיעך אתֿ, Amos 1:2 מציון ישׁאג ׳י, Ps 14:2; Ps 20:3 send thee help מִקֹּדֶשׁ, vPs 14:7 יַעֲנֵהוּ מִשְּׁמֵי קָדְשׁוֺ, Ps 42:7; Ps 68:36; Ps 85:12; Ps 109:10 ודרשׁו מחרבזתיהם seek (their bread) out of their desolate homes (but Ew De as 1 b far from; ᵐ5 Gr Che יְגָֹֽרְשׁוּ let them be driven from), Ps 128:5; Ps 130:1; Job 27:23; Isa 29:18 to see out of darkness, Song 2:9 to look out מִןהַֿחַלֹּנוֺת from the windows (usually בעד), Song 5:4 he put forth his hand מִןהַֿחוֺר from (i.e. in through) the hole (in the door or wall).
(c) with בָּחַר to choose out of, Exod 18:25 + often, compare with הִבְדִּיל Deut 29:20; 1Kgs 8:53,with יָדַע Amos 3:2; Exod 19:5 ye shall be to me סְגֻלָּה מכלהֿעמים a treasure (chosen) out of all peoples (compare with בָּחַר Deut 7:6; Deut 14:2).
b. of the material out of which anything is formed, or from which it is derived:
(a) Gen 2:19 to form מןהֿאדמה out of the soil, vGen 2:23 מִבְּשָׂרִי עֶצֶם מֵעֲצָמַי וּבָשָׂר, Exod 39:1; Num 6:4; Hos 13:2 to make images מִכַּסְפָּם, Ps 16:4 נִסְכֵּיהֶם מִדָּם, Ps 45:14; Song 3:9; Isa 40:17 מאפס ותהו נחשׁבולֿו as made of nought and unreality are they reckoned by him (|| כְּאַיִן נֶגְדּוֺ), Isa 41:24 הֵן אַתֶּם מֵאַיִן (|| מֵאָ֑פַע, read מֵאָ֑פֶם), Ps 62:10 מֵהֶבֶל (al. 6 c), Prov 13:11; Exod 25:19; Exod 25:31 its cups, its knops, etc., ממנה יהיו shall be from it (i.e. of one piece with it), so vExod 25:35 vExod 25:36; Exod 27:2; Exod 30:2 al.;
(b) with verbs of eating, filling, etc., as שׁתה Gen 9:21; Job 21:20 מֵחֲמַת שַׁדַּי יִשְׁתֶּה, Song 8:2 הִשְׁקָה, רָוָה Ps 36:9 +, רִוָּה Isa 34:7, שׂבע Prov 18:20 +, השׂביע Ps 81:17 +, מִלֵּא (rare) Ps 127:5: compare Deut 32:42 אַשְׁכִּיר חִצַּי מִדָּם, Isa 51:21; Ps 28:7 (peculiar) וּמִשִּׁירִי אֲהוֺדֶנּוּ out of song I will thank him (Ps 69:31 ׳ב), also (unusual) Isa 2:3 וְיוֺרֵנוּ מִדְּרָכָיו i.e. out of (the treasure of) his ways (al. particle = some of), Ps 94:12b מִתּוֺרָֽתְךָ תְלַמְּדֶנּוּ; Eccl 7:10 to speak מֵחָכְמָה (compare Rabb מִתּוֺךְ).
c. of the source or origin: namely
(a) of parents, Gen 16:2 אִבָּנֶה ממנה I shall be built up out of her (so Gen 30:3), Gen 17:16 מלכי עמים ממנה יהיו, Gen 35:11a: often of coming forth מִבֶּטֶן Job 1:21, מֵחֲלָצֶיךָ Gen 35:11b, ממעיך Gen 15:4, Isa 2:20 ׳י give thee seed from this woman; compare Job 16:4 מִי יִתֵּן טָהוֺר מִטָּמֵא
(b) of the tribe or people, from which a person comes (compare 1 a), Num 3:12 ׳כל בכור ֗֗֗ מכני ישׂר, Josh 12:4; 2Sam 4:2; 2Sam 21:2; Jer 1:1 +; and so of a person's native place, as Judg 12:8 אבצן מבית לחם Ibzan from Biblical, Judg 13:2 אִישׁ מִצָּרְעָה Judg 17:1; Judg 17:7; 1Sam 1:1; 1Sam 9:1; 2Sam 23:20; 2Sam 23:30; Amos 1:1 +, compare Jer 46:25 אָמוֺן מִנּאֹ; Isa 48:1 וּמִמֵּי יְהוּדָה יָצָֽאוּ, vIsa 48:2 מֵעִיר הַקֹּדֶשׁ נִקְראוּ, Isa 58:12 וּבָנוּ מִמֵךְ (those) from thee shall build, Ps 68:27 מִמְּקוֺר ישׂראל ye (sprung) from the fountain of Israel, Mic 5:1; Nah 1:11 vNah 1:14 figurative מִשִּׁמְךָ), Zeph 3:18; Jer 30:21; Zech 10:4.
(c) of beasts and things, Gen 2:7 עָפָר מִןהָֿאֲדָמָה, Jer 5:6 אַרְיֵה מִיַּעַר a lion from the woods, Ps 80:14 חֲזִיר מִיַּעַרִ; compare Ps 10:18 אֶנוֺשׁ מִןהָֿאָרֶץ man from the earth (terrenus), Ps 72:16 יָצִיצוּ מֵעִיר; Job 28:12 וְהַחָכְמָה מֵאַיַן תִּמָּצֵא.
(d) מִלֵּב Isa 59:13; Job 8:10, especially with reference to what is self-devised, Num 16:28 כִּי לֹא מִלִּבִּי, Num 24:13; 1Kgs 12:33; Neh 6:8 נְבִיאֵי מִלִּבָּם Ezek 13:2.
d. of the source or author of an action, counsel, or event: 1Sam 24:14 מֵרְשָׁעִים יֵצֵא רֶשַׁע, 2Sam 3:37 היתה מהמלך לא it was not from the king to, etc.; specifically of ׳י, Gen 24:50 יצא הדבר ׳כי מי, Judg 14:4 knew הוא ׳כי מי that it was from J., 1Kgs 2:15 ׳היתה לו כי מי, Prov 16:1; Prov 20:24 מִצְעֲדֵי גֶבֶר ׳מי, Ps 37:39; Ps 62:2 מִמֶּנּוּ יְשׁוּעָתִי, Hos 8:4 they have made kings, מִמֶּנִּי וְלֹא not from me, i.e. not at my prompting, Isa 30:1; Isa 50:11 (מִיָּדִי) Ezek 3:17 end = Ezek 33:7 and warn them from me, 1Chr 5:22; 1Chr 13:2; 2Chr 22:7; 2Chr 25:20 (synonym מֵאֵת, מֵעִם, which are more frequent in this sense); in poetry Hos 7:5 חֲמַת מִיַּיִן heat from wine, Ps 9:14 מִשּׂנְאַי עָנְיִי at the hands of my haters, Ps 74:22; Job 4:13 שְׂעִפִּים מֵחֶזְיֹנוֺת לַיְלָה thoughts (arising) out of, etc., Job 6:25 הוֺכֵחַ מִכֶּם reproof proceeding from you, Job 20:29 (twice in verse), Ps 78:2 חִידוֺת מִקֶּדֶם indirect lessons (springing) out of antiquity; Dan 11:31 זְרֹעִים מִמֶּנּוּ (Kö^{iii. 241}). As marking the author of a judgment or estimate (rare), Num 32:22 וּמִיִּשְׂרָאֵל ׳נְקִיִּם מי guiltless at the hands of (= in the judgment of) J. and Israel (compare מֵעִם 2Sam 3:28; Job 34:33), Job 4:17 shall man be just מֵאֱלֹהַּ at God's hands ? (|| מֵעשֵֹׁהוּ), Jer 51:5b (Ges Gf.); so in ׳חָלִילָה לִי מי.
e. of the immediate, or efficient, cause (chiefly in poetry), in consequence of, at by (compare Greek ἀπό, as Hd. 2:54 ζήησιν ἀπὸ σφέων γενέσθαι):
(a) the cause, a person Gen 19:36 + הָֽרְתָה מן to be pregnant by, Gen 49:25; 1Sam 31:3 וַיָּחֶל מֵהַמּוֺרִים was in anguish from the archers, Hos 7:4 בֹּעֵ֫רָה מֵאֹפֶה (ni בֹּעֵר הֵם leg.: see We), Ps 18:9; Nah 1:5 הרים רעשׁו ממנו, Dan 11:31 (accents); with passive verb, Nah 1:6 הצורים נִתְּצוּ ממנו, Ps 37:23 (compare Prov 20:24 d), Job 24:1; Eccl 12:11; Dan 8:11.
(b) the cause, a thing, Gen 49:24 his arms were agile מידי אביר יעקב from the hands, etc., Isa 6:4 the thresholds shook מִקּוֺל הַקּוֺרֵא (so מקול elsewhere, as Isa 30:31; Isa 33:3; Jer 8:16), Jer 28:7 תָעוּ מִןהַֿשֵּׁכָר (|| ב), Jer 31:4; Jer 31:9; Jer 10:10; Ezek 19:10 became fruitful מִמַּיִם רַבִּים, Ezek 31:5; Job 4:9 מִנִּשְׁמַת אֱלוֺהַּ יאֹבֵדוּ at the breath of God, Job 14:9 מֵרֵיחַ מַיִם יַפְרִחַ, Job 31:23; Job 39:26 הֲמִבִּינָָֽתְךָ יַאֲבֶרנֵֿץ Ps 39:11; Ps 73:19 סָפוּ תַּמּוּ מִןבַּֿלָּהוֺת, Ps 78:65 מִתְרוֺנֵן מִיַּיִן, Ps 104:15 להצהיל פנים משׁמן from oil, Ps 107:39, compare Job 7:14 (|| ב); so with ׳מִגַּעֲרַת י at J.'s rebuke, Job 18:16; Job 76:7 +; with a passive verb, Gen 9:11 to be cut off מִמֵּי הַמַּבּוּל, 2Sam 7:29 וּמִכִּכָֽתְךָ יְבֹרַח, Isa 28:7 נבלעו מןהֿיין are undone through wine (Isa 22:3 is dubious: see 1 b), Obad 1:9; Job 28:4 הַנִּשְׁכָּחִים מִנִּי רָ֑גֶל; compare Isa 34:3; Hos 6:8.
(c) with verbs of fearing, to express the source of the emotion, as ירא Ps 3:7 + often (also with מִפְּנֵי), פָּחַד Ps 27:1, נִבְהַל Ezek 26:18, גּוּר Deut 18:22; Job 41:17; Esth 5:9 ולאקֿם ולא זָע ממנו; with בּוֺשׁ to be disconcerted or disappointed, to express the source of the disappointment, Isa 1:29 + often; with שָׂמֵחַ Prov 5:18; Eccl 2:10. feminine of the remoter cause, the ultimate ground on account of which something happens or is done. (

N.B. The line between e and f is not always clearly defined): Exod 2:23 they sighed מןהֿעבדה on account of the bondage, Exod 6:9; Exod 15:23; Deut 7:7 not מֵרֻבְּכֶם through, by reason of, your numbers did J. set his love upon you, Josh 22:24 to do a thing מִדְּאָנָה out of carefulness, 2Sam 23:4 מִנֹּגַהּ, 1Kgs 14:4; Isa 53:5 wounded מִפְּשָׁעֵינוּ on account of our transgressions, bruised מֵעֲוֺנוֺתֵינוּ, vIsa 53:8; Job 4:19; Obad 1:10; Hab 2:17; Ps 6:8 עשׁשׁה עיני מִכַּעַס from vexation (compare Job 17:7: Ps 31:10 ׳ב), Ps 31:12; Ps 38:19 I am concerned on account of my sin, Prov 20:4 מֵחֹרֶף עצל לא יחרשׁ by reason of the winter, Job 22:4 הֲמִיִּרְאָ֑תְךָ יֹכִיחֶ֑ךָ on account of thy fear of him? Song 3:8; Ruth 1:13 כִּימַֿרלִֿי מְאֹד מִכֶּם because of you: see also Deut 28:34; Deut 28:67; Deut 32:19; Judg 2:18; Isa 65:14; Jer 12:4; Jer 24:2 מֵרֹעַ, Jer 50:13; Jer 51:5 b (Ew Ke), Ezek 7:27 (but read probably with ᵐ5 ᵑ6 ᵑ9 Co כְּדרכם), Ezek 16:61; Ezek 35:11 (AV out of), Ezek 45:20; Mic 2:12; Mic 7:13; Ps 5:11; Ps 12:6; Ps 107:17; Ps 119:53; Gen 49:12 red of eyes מִיָּ֑יִן, and white of teeth מֵחָלָב. Often also in מֵרֹב from the abundance of, absolute for abundance, with many different verbs, as Gen 16:10 לֹא יִסָּפֵר מֵרֹב Josh 9:13; 1Sam 1:16, etc. Similarly in מֵאֵין, מִבְּלִי, מִבִּלְתִּי (pp. 35, 115, 117); and before an infinitive (7 a), and in מֵאֲשֶׁר (p. 84).
g. the cause being conceived as regulative, מן occasionally approaches in sense to according to (compare Latin ex more, ex lege), Jonah 3:7 proclaimed in Nineveh מטעם המלך וגדליו at, by, in accordance with, the decree of the king (compare Aramaic Ezra 6:14; Dan 2:8): so Job 39:26 (2 e
(b)) according to Ges Hi.

3. Partitively (a sense connecting with 2 a
(c), above): —
a. Gen 6:19 שְׁנַיִם מִכֹּל two out of, from, all, Gen 7:8; Gen 39:11 אישׁ מן ֗֗֗ a man (or one) of . . . (so Num 25:6; Num 1:28 +, אנשׁים מן ֗֗֗ Num 16:2; Josh 2:2 +, 2Kgs 2:7, etc.); Gen 42:16 send מִכֶּם אֶחָד Lev 1:2a Lev 17:12 כלנֿפשׁ מִכֶּם, Lev 19:34; Lev 26:8, Judg 8:14 נַעַר מֵאַנְשֵׁי סֻכּוֺת, 1Sam 22:8, etc.; Judg 14:19; 2Kgs 2:24; Isa 66:19 אֶחָד מִן ֗֗֗ 1Sam 16:18 +, אַחַד מִן ֗֗֗ (Ges^{«GKC:130»§ 130}, 1) Deut 25:5 +; אַחַת מֵהֵ֫נָּה Ps 34:21; Isa 34:16 מִי מִן ֗֗֗ Job 5:1; Isa 50:1, אֵין מִן ֗֗֗ 1Sam 14:39; Isa 51:18; Isa 21:11 מהֿ מלילה how much of the night? 2Chr 31:3 וּמְנָת הַמֶּלָח מִןרְֿכוּשׁוֺ.
b. the number being omitted, מִן is used indefinitely: —
(a) = some of, — as subject Exod 16:27 יצאו מןהֿעם there went out (some) of the people, Lev 25:49; 2Sam 11:17; 2Sam 11:24, especially in late Hebrew Ezra 2:68; Ezra 2:70; Ezra 7:7; Neh 11:4; Neh 11:25; 1Chr 4:42; 1Chr 9:30; 1Chr 9:32; 2Chr 17:11; 2Chr 32:21; Dan 11:35 more frequently as object, especially with לקח, Gen 4:3 וַיָּבֵא מִפְּרִי האדמה brought of the fruit of the ground, Gen 30:14 give me מִדּוּדָאֵי בְנֵךְ (some) of thy son's love-apples, Gen 33:15; Exod 12:7; Exod 17:5; Lev 18:30; Lev 20:2; Num 11:17; Num 13:23; 1Kgs 12:4; Isa 39:7; Isa 47:13; Amos 2:11; Dan 8:10 +, Song 1:2 ישׁקני מִנְּשִׁיקוֺת פִּיו let him kiss me (with) some of the kisses etc., Ps 72:15; Ps 137:3 מִשִּׁיר צִיּוֺן (some) of the songs of Zion, Job 11:6 (Ges RVm) + often; in late Hebrew note also יֵשׁ מִן ֗֗֗ there are some of . . . Neh 5:5 מֵהֶם ֗֗֗ מֵהֶם ֗֗֗ some. . . others. . . 1Chr 9:28f. (as in Aramaic Dan 2:33, and PS²¹⁵⁵); מִקְצָת ֗֗֗ some of. . . (as in Late Hebrew) Dan 1:2; Neh 7:69.
(b) to designate an individual (rare), Gen 28:11 and he took מֵאַבְנֵי הַמָּקוֺם (one) of the stones of the place (see vGen 28:18), Exod 6:25 מבּנות פוטיאל (one) of the daughters of P., Ezek 17:5; Ezek 17:13; Neh 13:28; Ps 132:11 as subject Lev 25:33; Dan 11:5 the king of the south שָׂרָיו וּמִןֿ and (one) of his captains, vDan 11:7, compare Jer 41:1; Esth 4:5; 2Chr 26:11; Ruth 2:20 מִגֹּאֲלֵנוּ הוא he is (one) of our kinsmen, Exod 2:6.
(c) in a negative or hypothetical sentence (whether subject or object) = any, aught, Deut 16:4 ולא ילין מןהֿבשׂר and there shall not remain any of the flesh, 1Kgs 18:5 ולא נכרית מןהֿבהמה and we shall not destroy any of the beasts, 2Kgs 10:10 (compare Josh 21:43; Josh 23:14; 1Sam 3:19; 1Kgs 8:56; Esth 6:10), vEsth 6:23 ׳פֶּןיֶֿשׁפֹּֿה מֵעַבְדֵי י Job 27:6 לֹא יֶחֱרַף לְבָבִי מִיָּמָ֑י my heart reproacheth not one of my days: with אִם, etc. Exod 29:34; Lev 4:2a (compare vLev 4:22 vLev 4:27), Lev 11:32 (מהם), vLev 11:33 vLev 11:35 vLev 11:37-39; Lev 18:29; Lev 25:25; Num 5:6 מִכֹּל anything whatever, Lev 5:24; Lev 11:34 compare 1Sam 23:23 (?).
(d) peculiarly, with a noun of unity, especially אֶחָד, to express forcibly the idea of a single one: Deut 15:7 if there be a poor man in thy midst, מֵאַחַר אַחֶיךָ any one of thy brethren, Lev 4:2b if he doeth מֵאַחַת מֵהֵ֫נָּה any one of these things, Lev 5:13; Ezek 18:10 מֵאַחַד מֵאֵלֶּה וְעָשָׂה אָח (where אח is a vox nihili) and doeth aught of these things; 1Sam 14:45 if there shall fall מִשַּׂעֲרַת ראֹשׁוֺ אַרְצָה a single hair of his head to the ground! (for שְׂעָרָה as a noun of individual meaning see Ges^{«GKC:122t»§ 122t} Dr), compare 2Sam 14:11; 1Kgs 1:52. (Probably a rhetorical application of the partitive sense, though the explanation 'starting from one' = 'even one' would also be possible. is used similarly after negative and interrogative particles, not merely with collective nouns, as nought have they of knowledge (Qor 18:4), but also with nouns of unity, as Qor 3:55 Ye have not aught of (= any) god, except Him; 19:19 dost thou perceive even one of them? 6:59 there falleth not even a single leaf (noun of individual meaning) without His knowing it. See further Thes, and W^{AG. ii. § 48 f.} b),
(e) (rare) specifying the objects, or elements, of which a genus consists (the Arabic , min of explication, W^{AG. ii. § 48 g}): Gen 6:2 אשׁר בחרו מכל consisting of all whom they chose, Gen 7:22; Gen 9:10; Lev 11:32 (מכל), 1Chr 5:18; Jer 40:7 (מאשׁר); Jer 44:28 and they shall know דְּבַרמִֿי יָקוּם מִמֶּנִּי וּמֵהֶם whose word shall stand, consisting of me and of them (defining the genus embraced by ׃מי compare both (of them), Abel as well as Cain, and Qor 3:193: W^l.c.). — On מֵאַיִן Jer 10:6; Jer 10:7, see אַיִן near the end.

4. of time — namely
a. as marking the terminus a quo, the anterior limit of a continuous period, from, since Deut 9:24 מִיּוֺם דַּעְתִּי אֶתְכֶם from the day of my (first) knowing you (so 1Sam 7:2; 1Sam 8:8 + ); 1Sam 18:9 מהיום ההוא וָהָֽלְאָה from that day and onwards, simil. Lev 22:27; Num 15:23; Ezek 39:22; Isa 18:2; Isa 18:7 (where מִןהֿוּא = מֵאֲשֶׁר הוּא; compare Nah 2:9 מִימֵי הִיא = מִימֵי אֲשֶׁר הִיא); מהיום ההוא וָמָֽעְלָה 1Sam 16:13; 1Sam 30:25 (Hag 2:15; Hag 2:18 apparently of time backwards); מֵאָז from the time of . . . .; מִןהַֿבֶּטֶן from the womb Judg 13:5; Judg 13:7, מִבֶּטֶן אִמִּי Judg 16:17 +; מִימֵי ֗֗֗ Hos 10:9; Isa 23:7; Jer 36:2 +; מִיָּמֶיךָ idiomatic = since thou wast born 1Sam 25:28; 1Kgs 1:6 (מִיָּמָיו), Job 38:12 מִקֶּדֶם from antiquity Hab 1:12; Ps 74:12; Isa 42:14 הֶחֱשֵׁיתִי מֵעוֺלָם I have been silent since old time; מֵעַתָּה from now, hence-forth Jer 3:4 +, מִיּוֺם from to-day Jer 43:13; Ezek 48:35, מןהֿיום הזה Hag 2:19. See also 5 c, 7 c. compare Exod 33:6 מֵהַר חוֺרֵב from Horeb, Hos 13:4 I am ׳י thy God מֵאֶרֶץ מִצְרַיִם.
b. as marking the period immediately succeeding the limit, after: Gen 38:24 כְּמִשְׁלשׁ חֳדָשִׁים after about three months it was told Judah, מִיָּמִים רַבִּים Josh 23:1; Ezek 38:8, מִיָּמִים after (some) days, Judg 11:4; Judg 14:8; Judg 15:1, מִיֹּמַיִם after two days Hos 6:2 מֵרֹב יָמִים Isa 24:22: more frequently with קֵץ or קָצֶה, Gen 4:3 מִקֵּץ יָמִים, Gen 8:3; Josh 3:2 + often; Deut 14:28 מִקְצֵה שָׁלשׁ שָׁנִים, Deut 15:1 שָׁנִים מִקְצֵה שֶׁבַע (by which is meant not the actual end of the three or seven years, but the period when the third or seventh year has arrived); מִמָּחֳרָת after the morrow (had arrived) = on the morrow, Gen 19:34 + often; מֵהַבֹּקֶר 2Sam 2:27. — 2Sam 23:4 מִמָּטָר; Isa 53:11 מֵעֲמַל נַפְשׁוֺ; perhaps Isa 29:18 (Kö⁵⁸¹). compare 2Sam 20:5 and he delayed מןהֿמועד beyond the appointed time.
c. in such phrases, however, מִן sometimes (compare 1 c) loses its significance: thus מֵאָז 2Sam 15:34; Isa 16:13 not from former time, but in former time, formerly, Gen 6:4 הַגִּבּוֺרִים אֲשֶׁר מֵעוֺלָם which were of old, Josh 24:2 dwelt of old, Ps 77:6 days מִקֶּדֶם aforetime, מֵאַחֲרֵי Deut 29:21 (p. 30). — מִקָּרוֺב literally from near, i.e. recently Deut 32:17, of short duration Job 20:5, shortly Ezek 7:8 at hand (in a local sense, 1 c) Jer 23:23.

5. (וְעַד) מִן ֗֗֗ עַד from . . . even, to : very oft .: —
a. in geography or local sense, Gen 10:19; Gen 15:18 מנהר מצרים עד הנהר הגדול, Gen 25:18; Exod 23:31; Deut 2:36; 1Sam 3:20; 2Sam 5:25; Jer 31:38; Ps 72:8 + often; so with מִלְּבוֺא 1Kgs 8:65 (2Chr 7:8), 2Kgs 14:25; Amos 6:14; Deut 13:8 מִקְצֵה הָאָרֶץ וְעַד קְצֵה הָאָרֶץ, Deut 28:64; Jer 12:12; Gen 47:21 מִקְצֵה גְּבוּלמִֿצְרַיִם וְעַדקָֿצֵהוּ, 1Kgs 6:24; 1Kgs 7:23 שְׂפָתוֺ מִשְּׂפָתוֺ וְעַד; Lev 13:12 מראשׁו ועד רגליו, Deut 28:35 ועד קדקדך מכף רגלך (similarly 2Sam 14:25; Job 2:7; Isa 1:6). compare 1Sam 9:2 מִשִּׁכְמוֺ וָמַ֫עְלָה, 2Sam 5:9; Josh 15:46.
b. metaphor not of actual space, but of classes of objects, to express idiomatically the idea ofcomprehension, so that the two prepositions may be often represented by both . . . and: Gen 19:4 מִנַּעַר וְעַדזָֿקֵן from young to old (i.e. both included) = both young and old, vGen 19:11; 1Sam 5:9 + מִקָּטֹן וְעַדגָּֿדוֺל = both great and small, Jer 6:13 מִקְּטַנָּם וְעַדגְּֿדוֺלָם from the least of them even to the greatest of them, ib. וְעַדכֹּֿהֵן מִנָּבִיא from the prophet even to the priest every one dealeth falsely, Exod 9:25 + מאדם ועד בהמה both man and beast, Exod 11:5 מבכור פרעהע֗֗֗ד ׳בכור השׁפחה וגו, Exod 13:15; Num 6:4; Deut 29:10 עד שֹׁאב מימיך מחֹטב עציך, Josh 8:25 + מאישׁ ועד אשׁה, 1Sam 15:3 (4 pairs), 1Sam 22:19; 1Kgs 5:13; 2Kgs 17:9 = 2Kgs 18:8, Isa 10:18 מנפשׁ ועד בשׂר = both soul and body, Jer 9:9 after a word implying a negative = either . . . or Gen 14:23; Gen 31:24; Gen 31:29 מטוב עד רע either good or evil. The עַד may be repeated, if required: Gen 6:7 עדבֿהמה עד רמשׂ ועדעֿוף השׁמים מאדם (so Gen 7:23), Exod 22:3; Josh 6:21; Judg 15:5 מִגָּדִישׁ וְעַדקָֿמָה וְעַדכֶּֿרֶם זָ֑יִת, Judg 20:48; 1Sam 30:19: without מן, Lev 11:42; Num 8:4. Similar is the use of מן in the idiom (וָמָֽטָּה) מִבֶּןשָׁ֗֗֗נָה וָמָֽעְלָה (also וְעַדבֶּֿן ֗֗֗ שָׁנָה); and compare 2Kgs 3:21
c. of time, Gen 46:34 מִנְּעֻרֵינוּ וְעַד עַתָּה from our youth even until now, 1Sam 12:2; Jer 3:25; Num 14:19; Exod 10:6; Exod 18:13 מןהֿבֹקר עדהֿערב, 1Sam 30:17; 1Kgs 18:26; Isa 9:6; Ps 90:2 + often: with two inff. Hos 7:4: and implying intervals (not duration) Ezek 4:10; Ezek 4:11 (compare with לְ Esth 3:7 (twice in verse)).
d. there occur further (1) מִן ֗֗֗ אֶלֿ, Josh 15:21; Exod 26:28 = Exod 36:33 מִןהַֿקָּצֶה אֶלהַֿקָּצֶה from end to end, Ezek 40:23; Ezek 40:27; Ezra 9:11 מִפֶּהאֶֿלפֶּֿה; Ps 144:13 מִזַּן אֶל זַן from kind to kind = kinds of every sort; with a verb of motion, Jer 48:11; Ps 105:13; 1Chr 17:5, and expressing a climax, Ps 84:8 יֵָֽלְכוּ מֵחַיִל אֶלחַֿיִל, Jer 9:2 (compare Rom 1:17): of time, מיוםאֿליֿום Num 30:15, compare 1Chr 16:23 (|| Ps 96:2 לְ); implying intervals, מֵעֵת אֶלעֵֿת 1Chr 9:25. (2) מִן ֗֗֗ לְ Exod 32:27; Ezek 40:13; Zech 14:10: of time Ps 96:2; Job 4:20: with intervals, 2Sam 14:26. (3) מִן ֗֗֗ הָ֯ Num 34:10; Ezek 6:14 מִמִּדְבָּר רִבְלָ֫תָה (so Ges Ew Hi etc.) from the wilderness to Riblah, Ezek 21:3; Ezek 25:13 מִתֵּימָן וּדְדָ֫נֶה (Co Kö Berthol); without ָ֯ 1Kgs 5:1. And of time in the phrase (implying intervals) מִיָּמִים יָמִ֫ימָה Exod 13:10 + 4 t.

6. In comparisons, beyond, above, hence in English than: so constantly: namely
a. when an object is compared with another distinct from itself, Judg 14:18 מַהמָּֿתוֺק מִדְּבַשׁ what is sweet away from, beyond in excess of, honey ? i.e. in our idiom, what is sweeter than honey ? Lev 21:10 הַכֹּהֵן הַגָּדוֺל מֵאֶחָיו the priest that is great above his brethren, Num 14:12; Ezek 28:3 חָכָם מִדָּנִאֵל wiser than Daniel, Ps 119:72 + very often; Hos 2:9 כִּי טוֺב לִי אָז מֵעָ֑תָּה; with an infinitive (sometimes with לְ) as subject, Gen 29:10 ׳טוֺב תִּתִּי אֹתָהּ לְךָ מִתִּתִּי אֹתָהּ וגו better is my giving her to thee than my giving her to another, Exod 14:12; 1Sam 15:22; Prov 21:9; Prov 21:19; Prov 25:7; Ps 118:8; Ps 118:9 +; with verbs, Gen 19:9 עתה נָרַע לְךָ מֵהֶם now we will harm thee beyond them, more than them, Gen 25:23 לְאֹם מִלְאֹם יֶאֱמַץ, Gen 26:16; Gen 29:30 אתרֿחל מִלֵּאָה ויאהב גםֿ, Gen 38:26 צָֽדְקָה מִמֶּנִּי, Gen 48:19 יִגְדַּל מִמֶּנּוּ, Judg 2:19 השׁחיתו מאבותם they have done corruptly more than their fathers, 1Sam 2:29; 2Sam 20:6; 1Kgs 1:37; 1Kgs 14:9; Jer 5:3; Ezek 5:6 + often; = in, preference to, above, Ps 45:8; Ps 52:5 (twice in verse); Hos 6:6; Hab 2:16, after בחר Jer 8:3; Job 7:15; Job 36:21; Ps 84:11 (מִדּוּר) +: note also נֹפֵל מִן Job 12:3; Job 13:2 = inferior to (Ew Ges and others Hi; al. De); שֹׁנֶה מִן different from Esth 1:7; Esth 3:8.
b. when an object is compared with a group or multitude of which it forms one, especially with מִכֹּל, Gen 3:1 מִכֹּל חַיַּת הַשָּׂדֶה עָרוּם subtil out of all beasts of the field, or beyond, above all (other) beasts, vGen 3:14 cursed above all cattle (but without implying any judgment whether other cattle are cursed likewise), Gen 37:3 Israel loved Joseph מִכָּלבָּֿנָיו out of all his sons, or above all his (other) sons, Deut 7:7; Deut 33:24 בָּרוּךְ מִבָּנִים אָשֵׁר blessed above sons be Asher, Judg 5:24 תְּבֹרַח מִנָּשִׁים blessed above women be Jael, 1Sam 9:2b 1Sam 15:33 כֵּן תִּשְׁכַּל מִנָּשִׁים אִמֶּ֑ךָ, 1Sam 18:30; Jer 17:9 עָקֹב מִכֹּל deceitful above all things, Ps 45:3; Song 5:10 דָּגוּל מֵרְבָבָה (compare בָּחַר מִן above 2 a c: ex in eximius, egregius; Iliad 18:431 ὅς σ’, ἐμοὶ ἐκ πάσεων Κρονίδης Ζεὺς ἄλγἐ ἔδωκεν, 3:227 ἔξοχος Ἀργείων . . . κεφαλήν).
c. sometimes in poetry the idea on which מן is logically dependent, is unexpressed, and must be understood by the reader, Isa 10:10 ופסיליהם מירושׁלם and their idols are (more) than (those of) Jerusalem, Mic 7:4 יָשָׁר מִמְּסוּכָה the uprightest is (sharper) than a thorn-hedge (but We from), Job 11:7; Job 28:18; Ps 4:8 מֵעֵת beyond (that of) the time when etc. Eccl 4:17; Eccl 9:17 compare Ezek 15:2.
d. מן not unfrequently expresses the idea of a thing being too much for a person, or surpassing his powers: Gen 18:14 דָּבָר הֲיִפָּלֵא ׳מי can a thing be too hard for J.? (so Deut 17:8 +; compare Ps 131:1; Ps 139:6 + ), Ps 32:11 קָטֹנְתִּי מִן, Deut 14:24 כִּי יִרְבֶּה מִמְּךָ הַדֶּרֶךְ = is too great for thee (1Kgs 19:7), 1Kgs 32:47 רֵק מִכֶּם: so with עָצַם Gen 26:16, כָּבֵד be too heavy for Exod 18:18; Ps 38:5, מָךְ Lev 27:8 (too poor to pay), קָשָׁה Deut 1:7, צַר be too narrow for, 2Kgs 6:1; Isa 49:19, קצר Isa 50:2, אָמַץ Ps 18:18, ירום נמני is too high for me Ps 61:3, גָּבַר Ps 65:4 ַהמְעַט מִמְּךָ Job 15:11 too little for thee ? ַהמְעַט מִכֶּם Num 16:9; Isa 7:13; Ezek 34:18 (see מְעַט; also on Ezek 16:20); often with an infinitive, as Gen 4:13 גָּדוֺל עֲוֺנִי מִנְּשׂוֺא is greater than I can bear, Gen 30:7 their substance was רַב מִשֶּׁבֶת יַחְדָּו literally great beyond dwelling together = too great for (their) dwelling together, Exod 12:4; Judg 7:2 מִתִּתִּי רַב = too great for me to give, 1Sam 25:17b 1Kgs 8:64 רַב מֵהָכִיל, Isa 28:20; Isa 33:19; Isa 59:1; Hab 1:13; Ps 40:6; Ruth 1:12: note especially רַב מִן it is more than that . . . (= there is enough of), Exod 9:28; 1Kgs 12:28, followed by substantive Ezek 44:6 (see רַב); and Isa 49:6 נָקֵל מִהְיוֺתְךָ לִי ׳עֶבֶד לְהָקִים וגו too light for thy being my servant was it to raise up, etc., Ezek 8:17 ׳הֲנָקֵל לְבֵית יִשְׂר ׳מֵעֲשׂוֺת וגו was it too trifling to the house of Israel for the doing etc. (less than the doing etc. deserved) ? (but ? read עֲשׂוֺת on analogue of 1Kgs 16:31).

7. מן is prefixed to an infin.:
a. with a causal force (rare), from, on account of, through (compare 2 f): Deut 7:7; Deut 7:8 אֶתְכֶם ׳מֵאַהֲבַת י through J.'s loving you = because J. loved you, Deut 9:28 (compare Deut 1:27 בְּ) 2Sam 3:11 מִיִּרְאָתוֺ אֹתוֺ = because he feared him, Isa 48:4 מִדַּעְתִּי ֗֗֗ = because I knew. . . So in מִבְּלִי ֗֗֗ , מִבִּלְתִּי.
b. after verbs implying restraint, prevention, cessation, etc., as מִלֶּדֶת עֲצָרַנִי Gen 16:2 hath restrained me from bearing, וַתַּעֲמֹד מִלֶּדֶת Gen 29:35; Gen 30:9: so with חשׂך Gen 20:6 +, חדל + Exod 23:5 +, כִּלָּה + Exod 34:33 +, נִכְלָא Exod 36:6, מָנַע 1Sam 25:26 +, שׁבת Jer 31:36 +, יָרֵא מֵהַבִּיט Exod 3:6 +, שִׁמְרוּ מִןהַֿחֵרֶם Josh 6:18; 2Chr 25:13 הֵשִׁיב מִלֶּכֶת. Especially
(a) after similar verbs, expressing concisely a negative consequence, literally away from . . ., i.e. so as not to, so that not: Gen 23:6 b Gen 27:1 Jacob's eyes were dim, ֵמרְאֹת away from seeing = so that he could not see, Gen 31:29 נִשְׁמַר מִן (|| vGen 31:24 פֶּן), Exod 14:5; Lev 26:13; Num 32:7; Deut 28:55 (his eye shall be envious etc.) מִתֵּת from giving = so that he will not give, Judg 6:27; Judg 1:31; Judg 7:8 do not be silent from us מִזְּעֹק so as not to call (compare 1Kgs 22:3), 1Sam 8:7 me have they rejected מִמְּלֹךְ עליהם, 1Sam 16:1 (Hos 4:6), 2Sam 14:11 (read מֵהַרְבּוֺת), Isa 5:6; Isa 8:11; Isa 21:3; Isa 23:1 is destroyed מִבּוֺא so that none can enter in, Isa 24:10; Isa 33:15; Isa 44:18; Isa 49:15; Isa 54:9; Isa 56:6; Isa 58:13; Jer 10:14 נִבְעַר ֗֗֗ מִדַּעַת is stupefied so that he has no knowledge, Jer 13:14; Jer 33:21; Jer 33:24; Jer 33:26; Ezek 20:17; Mic 3:6; Zech 7:11; Zech 7:12; Ps 30:4 Qr, Ps 39:2; Ps 69:24; Ps 102:5 (after שָׁכַח, peculiarly), Ps 106:23; Lam 3:44; Lam 4:18; Job 34:30a 2Chr 36:13. So in חָלִילָהלִֿי מֵעֲשׂוֺת that I should not do Gen 44:17 +.
(b) still more concisely, especially in poetry, with a noun alone: 1Sam 15:23 has rejected thee מִמֶּלֶךְ from (being) king (1Sam 15:26 מֶלֶךְ מִהְיוֺת), Lev 26:43 מֵהֶם, Isa 7:8 יֵחַת מֵעָם shall be shattered from (being) a people, that it be no more a people, Isa 17:1 מוּסָר מֵעִיר, Isa 25:2b; Isa 52:14 מֵאִישׁ מַרְאֵהוּ כֵּן מִשְׁחַת marred away from (being) a man('s), Jer 2:25 מִיָּחֵף, Jer 17:16 מֵרֹעֶה, Jer 48:2 וְנַכְרִיתֶנָּה מִגּוֺי, vJer 48:42 מֵעָם, Ps 8:6 hast made him lack but little מאלהים ut non esset Deus, Ps 83:5 מִגּוֺי, Prov 30:2 אָנֹכִי מֵאִישׁ בַּעַר too boorish to be a man: compare Dan 4:13; 1Kgs 15:13 וַיְסִרֶהָ מִגְּבִירָה removed her from (being) queen-mother, Ezek 16:41 וִהִשְׁבַּתִּיךְ מִזּוֺנָה; and even to express absolutely the non-existence of a thing not named in the principal clause, as Isa 23:1 שֻׁדַּד מִבַּיִת כִּי so that there is no house, Ezek 12:19 (Ezek 32:15), Ezek 25:9 מֵהֶעָרִים, Hos 9:11 (3 t. in verse); Hos 9:12; Mic 3:6; Hag 1:10 מִטָּ֑ל, Zech 7:14; Zech 9:8; Ps 39:3; Ps 49:15 מִזְּבֻללֿוֺ so that it has no dwelling, Ps 52:7 יִסָּֽחֲךָ מֵאֹהֶל pluck thee up tentless, Ps 109:24 is lean מִשָּׁ֑מֶן so that there is no fatness, Job 28:11; Job 33:21; Job 34:30b. Oft. strengthened by pleonastic אֵין or בְּלִי, as מֵאֵין יוֺשֵׁב Isa 5:9, מִבְּלִי יוֺשֵׁב see pp. 35:a, 115:b. compare Kö^{iii. 592 ff.}
c. with a temporal force, since, after (compare 4), chiefly late: Num 24:23 מִשֻּׂמוֺ אֵל after God's establishing him, Isa 44:7 מִשֻּׂמִי עַם עֿוֺלָם since I appointed the ancient people, Hos 7:4; Hag 2:16 (?) Ruth 2:18; Neh 5:14; 1Chr 8:8 מִןשִֿׁלְחוֺ אוֺתָם (compare 1Chr 6:16) 2Chr 31:10; Dan 11:23; Dan 12:1 (compare Dan 9:25), Ps 73:20 כַּחֲלוֺם מֵהָקִיץ after (one's) awaking, Job 20:4.

8. Once Deut 33:11 as a conjunction before a finite verb. Smite . . . his haters מִןיְֿקוּמוּן that they rise not again, in poetry for מִקּוּם (7 b): compare Dr^{§ 41}. — On מֵאֲשֵׁר adverb and conjunction.

9. In compounds: —
a. מֵאַחֲרֵי, מֵאֵת, מִבֵּין, מִבַּלְעֲדֵי, מִבַּ֫עַד, מִלְּ (common in Late Hebrew,

**for מִלְּ in Mishna see e.g. Babylonian Mez 7:10; Kil 8:1; Ter 8:11; Pes 1:6; Taan 2:7; Yeb 8:2; Eccl 4:17 מִלַּעֲשׂוֺת (have no knowledge so as not to do evil) is read by Siegf Wild; especially before infinitive; in O.T. only in מִלְּבַד, מִלְּבוֺא (above 5 a), מִלְמַ֫עְלָה, מִלְמַ֫טָּה, מִלְּעֻמַּת, מִלְּפָנִים, מִלִּפְנֵי, and, si vera lectio, מִלְמַעֲלֵה הֶחָ֑רֶס Judg 8:13, see מַעֲלֶה), מִנֶּגֶד, מֵעַל, מֵעִם, מִתַּ֫חַת; see אַחֲרֵי, אֵת, etc.
b. לְמִן (לְמִנִּי Mic 7:12 (twice in verse)), with לְ pleonastic, from = מִן, but used almost exclusively of the terminus a quo, whether of space or time (compare מִן

5.); — (I) of space, Deut 4:32; Judg 20:1 לְמִדַּן וְעַדבְּֿאֵר שֶׁבַע, Mic 7:12.Mic 7:12 (both לְמִנִּי), Zech 14:10; 1Chr 5:9 לְמֵרָחוֺק from afar Job 36:3; Job 39:29 (on Ezra 3:13; 2Chr 26:15, see below עַד לְ); לְמִתַּחַת לְ = underneath 1Kgs 7:32. Idiomatic, especially followed by וְעַד, to denote comprehensively an entire class, לְמֵאִישׁ וְעַד בְּהֵמָה Exod 11:7; Jer 51:62 (לְמֵאָדָם), לְמֵאִישׁ וְעַד אִשָּׁה 2Sam 6:19; 2Chr 15:13, לְמִקָּטֹן וְעַד גָּדוֺל 2Kgs 23:2; Jer 42:8, simil. 2Chr 15:13; Jer 31:34; Esth 1:5; Esth 1:20, לְמֵרָע וְעַדטֿוֺב 2Sam 13:22, וּלְמָ֑טָּה לְמִבֶּן עֶשְׂרִים שָׁנָה 1Chr 27:23, compare 2Chr 25:5. — On לְמִבֵּית Num 18:7. (2) of time (often following by עַד), לְמִן הַיּוֺם אֲשֶׁר ֗֗֗ from the day when . . ., Deut 4:32; Deut 9:7; 2Sam 7:11 (|| 1Chr 17:10 וּלְמִיָּמִים אֲשֶׁר) Jer 7:25; Jer 32:31; Hag 2:18 לְמִקְצָת הַיָּמִים אֲשֶׁר ֗֗֗ Dan 1:18 לְמִן הַיּוֺם followed by infinitive (in apposition) Exod 9:18; 2Sam 19:25 לְמִיּוֺם followed by infinitive (genitive) Judg 19:30; 2Sam 7:6; Isa 7:17 לְמִימֵי ֗֗֗ 2Kgs 19:25 (|| Isa 37:26 מימי) Mal 3:7 עולם ועד עולם למןֿ Jer 7:7; Jer 25:5 לְמֵרָחוֺק from afar = long before, 2Sam 7:19 = 1Chr 17:17; 2Kgs 19:25 = Isa 37:26.

מְנָאוֺת see מְנָת below מנה. below

[מַנְגִּינָה] see נגן.

BDB4724 H4480 H4482

II. מִנִּי, מִנֵּי see מִן. מִנִּי Ps 45:9 see I. [ מֵן].

מִנָיוֺת see מְנָת below מנה.

מִנְיָמִין, מִנְיָמִן see מִיָּמִן.

מִנְלָם see [ מִנְלֶה] below נלה.

BDB9670 H4481 H4480

מִן preposition from, out of, by, by reason of, at, more than (Biblical Hebrew and general Aramaic id.); — rarely assimilated, as in Hebrew, see Dan 6:5 מִצַּד, Ezra 5:11; Ezra 6:14 suffix מִנִּי, מִנָּךְ 3 masculine מִנֵּהּ, feminine מִנַּהּ Dan 2:42; Dan 7:24 3 masculine plural מִנְּהוֺן (so Palmyrene Tariff ii. a 34; Nabataean, Egyptian Aramaic מנהם, Cooke^{No. 89. 6}, S-C^{Pap. A 10}) Dan 2:33 (twice in verse); Dan 2:41 (twice in verse); Dan 2:42 (twice in verse) Kt (Qr each time feminine מִנְּהֵן), Dan 6:3 (twice in verse); —

1. of place:
a. from, Dan 4:10; Dan 4:11; Dan 4:28; Dan 7:4 +, מִן תַּמָּה Ezra 6:6 figurative on the side or part of (compare Biblical Hebrew 1 c) Dan 6:5 מִצַּד מַלְכוּתָא.
b. out of, Dan 3:15; Dan 3:26; Dan 5:2; Dan 7:3, etc.
c. (coming) from Dan 2:35, away from, Dan 2:45; Dan 4:11; Dan 4:22; Dan 4:28; Jer 10:11.
d. to ask or exact of a person, Dan 2:16; Dan 2:49 +; Ezra 7:26 to deliver from Dan 6:21.

2. a. of the source (Biblical Hebrew 2 b), as to be fed from Dan 4:9 or author (ib. d), מִנִּי שִׂים טְעֵם = by me is a decree made, Dan 3:29; Dan 4:3 (Dan 6:27 מִןקֳֿדָמַי), Ezra 4:19 +, compare Ezra 5:17 מִנַּי = on my part Dan 2:5; Dan 2:8 (see אַזְדָּא).
b. of the immediate cause, as a result of, by, Dan 4:22 (= ב v.Dan 4:12 v.Dan 4:20), v.Dan 4:30; Dan 5:21: so with a verb of fearing Dan 5:19.
c. of the remoter cause, by reason of (Biblical Hebrew 2 f ), Dan 5:19 מִןרְֿבוּתָא, Dan 7:11 so מִןדִּֿי, see דִּי

3. d. of the norm (compare Biblical Hebrew 2 g) = at, according to, Ezra 6:14 ׳מִןטַֿעַם אֱלָהּ יִשׂ at the decree of, etc., Ezra 7:23; Dan 2:8 מִןיַֿצִּיב according to certainty, vDan 2:47 מִןקְֿשֹׁט.

3. partitively (Biblical Hebrew 3), Dan 6:3 חַד מִנְּהוֺן, Dan 7:8; Dan 7:16; Dan 2:25; Dan 5:13 (some) of Dan 2:41 מִןנִֿצְבְּתָא; מִנְּהוֺן מִ֗֗֗נְּהוֺן some . . . others of them Dan 2:33; Dan 2:41; Dan 2:42a; so vDan 2:42b מִ֗֗֗נַּהּ.

4. of time, from, Dan 2:20 (מִן ֗֗֗ וְעַד), Ezra 4:15; Ezra 4:19 see also אְדַיִן and דַּי

4.

5. in comparisons, different from Dan 7:3; Dan 7:7; Dan 7:19; Dan 7:23; Dan 7:24, beyond, more than Dan 2:30; Dan 2:39; Dan 6:30; Dan 7:20 end; Dan 4:13 לִבְבֵהּ מִןאֲֿנָשָׁא יְשַׁנּוֺן let his heart be changed away from man's (Biblical Hebrew 7 b b; Isa 52:14).

6. compounds: — see לְוָת, קֳדָס, [קַדְמָה], תְּחוֺת.

מְנֵא see מנה. below

of, from, than, for, thereof, …

min

properly, a part of; hence (prepositionally), from or out of in many senses

(prep) from, out of, on account of, off, on the side of, since, above, than, so that not, more than

from (expressing separation), off, on the side of

(with verbs of proceeding, removing, expelling)

אָדָ֣ם

Root word man, men, mans, adam, mens, …

Dictionary form: אָדָם · aw-DAWM

Noun — Common, masculine singular, absolute state

In the KJV here: man

of man ×143 man ×92 of men ×51 men ×26 a man ×24 of a man ×18 the man ×10 adam ×7

More options

human — Best general term; gender-neutral, covers individuals and collectives.

person — Emphasizes individual identity; good for singular contexts.

humanity — Ideal for collective or generic uses referring to humankind.

humankind — Broad collective; strong when contrasting humans with God or animals.

mortal — Highlights human frailty and finitude; fits poetic or theological passages.

man — Retain only when the male gender is contextually clear and intentional.

BDB108 H120 H121

אָדָם₅₆₀ noun masculine^{Gen 1:27} man, mankind (Phoenician אדם, Sabean id., CIS^iv.1,l.4 and others; compare Assyrian admu, young (of bird) Dl^W, but Nö^{ZMG 1886, 722} identification with Arabic collective creatures) — Singular absolute except construct Prov 6:12 compare Thes; (׳בְּנֵי (הָ)א often = plural of ׳א Gen 11:5 +39 t., compare ׳בְּנוֺת הָא Gen 6:2; Gen 6:4) —

1. a man (= German Mensch) = human being Gen 2:5; Gen 2:7 (twice in verse); Gen 2:8; Gen 2:15; Gen 2:16; Gen 2:18 +, Gen 16:12 (27 t. J) Lev 5:4 || נֶפֶּשׁ Lev 13:2; Lev 13:9 (19 t. P) Neh 2:10; Isa 13:12 (|| אֱנוֺשׁ); הַגָּדוֺל ׳הָאָ Josh 14:15 (E); בְּלִיַּעַל ׳אָ Prov 6:12 (|| אִישׁ אָוֶן compare 1Sam 25:25 & see בליעל); = any one Lev 1:2; Num 9:6; Num 9:7; Job 20:29; Job 27:13; Prov 15:20; Prov 21:16; Prov 21:20; Prov 24:30; Eccl 7:20 + often Wisdom Literature, Jer 2:6; Jer 4:25; Neh 2:12, compare ׳נֶפֶּשׁ א Num 19:11; Num 19:13 +; seldom man opposed to woman Gen 2:22 (twice in verse); Gen 2:23; Gen 2:25; Gen 3:8; Gen 3:12; Gen 3:17; Gen 3:20; Gen 3:21; Eccl 7:28.

2. collective man, mankind Gen 1:26; Gen 9:5; Gen 9:6 (3 t. in verse) + (P 28 t.) Gen 6:1; Gen 6:5; Gen 6:6; Gen 6:7 (J E 24 t.) Deut 4:32 (D 6 t.) (on 2Sam 7:19 compare 1Chr 17:17 see Dr^Sm); distinctly = men + women Gen 1:27; Gen 5:1; Num 5:6 given as name Gen 5:2 but = warriors Isa 22:6 ׳רֶכֶב א || (פּרשׁיםׅ; || beasts (41 t.) בְּהֵמָה Gen 6:7; Gen 7:23 (J ?) Exod 8:13; Exod 8:14; Exod 9:9; Exod 9:10 (P) Exod 9:19; Exod 9:22; Exod 9:25; Exod 12:12; Exod 13:2; Exod 13:13; Exod 13:15 (all J) +; late prophets Jer 21:6; Jer 31:27; Jer 50:3; Jer 51:62; Ezek 14:13; Ezek 14:17; Ezek 14:19; Ezek 14:21; Ezek 25:13; Ezek 29:8; Ezek 29:11; Ezek 32:13 (strike out Co) Ezek 36:11; Jonah 3:8; Zeph 1:3; Hag 1:11; Zech 2:8; Zech 8:10 || בָּקָר Ezek 4:15 || צֹאן, חֲמֹרִים ׳ב Num 31:28 || id. + מִכָּלהַֿבְּהֵמָה vNum 31:30 compare Jonah 3:7 || חַיָּה Gen 9:5 (P) compare Ezek 1:5; Ezek 1:8; Ezek 1:10; Ezek 1:26, & description of כְּרוּבִים Ezek 10:8; Ezek 10:14; Ezek 10:21 compare Ezek 41:19 || trees Deut 20:19 (read הֶאָדָם see Di); opposed to God 1Sam 15:29; 1Sam 16:7 (twice in verse); Isa 31:3; Ezek 28:2; Ezek 28:9; 1Chr 21:13; 1Chr 29:1; 2Chr 6:18; Mal 3:8 compare Exod 33:20; Deut 5:21 so ׳בֶּןאֿ Num 23:19 (|| אישׁ) Ezek 2:1; Ezek 2:3; Ezek 2:6; Ezek 2:8 (87 t. Ezekiel, always addressed to prophet); בְּנֵי ׳הָא 1Sam 26:19 made in God's image Gen 1:26; Gen 1:27; Gen 9:6 compare Eccl 7:29 as feeble, earthly, mortal Num 16:29 (twice in verse); Ps 82:7; Ps 144:3; Ps 144:4; Job 5:7; Job 14:1; Job 14:10 compare Job 25:6 (׳בֶּןאֿ) Eccl 12:5 as sinful 1Kgs 8:46; 2Chr 6:36; Jer 10:14 compare Num 5:6; Job 31:33; Hos 6:7 of men in general, other men (opposed to particular ones) Judg 16:17 (compare ׳אַחַד הָא vJudg 16:7 vJudg 16:11) Judg 18:7; Judg 18:28; Ps 73:5; Jer 32:20 +; || אִישׁ Isa 2:9; Isa 2:11; Isa 2:17; Isa 5:15 compare Ezek 23:42 (strike out Co Vrss); ׳בְּנֵי א 2Sam 7:14 (|| אֲנָשִׁים) Prov 8:4 (|| אִישִׁים); Ps 49:3; Ps 62:10 (both || בְּנֵי אִישׁ) = men of low opposed to men of high degree — so often Phoenician and = vassal Sabean DHM^{ZMG 1875, 680} compare 686; ׳נֶפֶשׁ א collective Num 31:35; Num 31:40; Num 31:46; 1Chr 5:21; Ezek 27:13.

3. proper name, masculine Adam, first man (without article, compare שָׂטָן 1Chr 21:1 over ag. ׳הַשּׂ Job 1:6 etc.) Gen 4:25 (J) Gen 5:1; Gen 5:3; Gen 5:4; Gen 5:5 (P) 1Chr 1:1. (Gen 2:20; Gen 3:17; Gen 3:21 read ׳לָא see Di.)

4. proper name, of a location city in Jordan valley (as built ?) Josh 3:16.

man, men, mans, adam, mens, …

ʾādām

ruddy i.e., a human being (an individual or the species, mankind, etc.)

man, mankind

man, human being

וּ בְהֵמָ֑ה

וּ

Prefix — connector and (sometimes: but, so, then)

בְהֵמָ֑ה

Root word beast, cattle, beasts

Dictionary form: בְּהֵמָה · beh-hay-MAW

Noun — Common, feminine singular, absolute state

In the KJV here: and beast

beast ×26 and beast ×18 cattle ×9 beasts ×8 the beasts ×8 of beasts ×6 the cattle ×6 of thy cattle ×5

More options

animal — Broadest, most neutral modern term; widely applicable.

livestock — Best when context implies domesticated or farm animals.

creature — Useful in poetic or theological contexts emphasizing created life.

beast — Retain when emphasizing wildness or contrast with humanity.

cattle — Use only when bovines or herded animals are clearly in view.

BDB936 H929

בְּהֵמָה₁₈₇ noun feminine beast, animal, cattle (Arabic ) — ׳בּ Gen 1:24 + 137 t.; construct בֶּהֱמַת Num 3:41 (twice in verse) + 10 t.; suffix בְּהֶמְתְּךָ Lev 19:19 + 4 t.; בְּהֶמְתֶּ֑ךָ Exod 20:10 + 4 t.; בְּהֶמְתּוֺ Gen 36:6; Prov 12:10 plural absolute בְּהֵמוֺת Deut 32:24 + 6 t. + Ps 73:22 (see below); construct בַּהֲמוֺת Ps 8:8 + 5 t.; — beast, & collective beasts (Gen 8:1 + very often)

1. of living creatures other than man (אָדָם) Gen 8:1; Exod 8:13; Exod 8:14; Exod 9:9; Exod 9:10; Exod 9:22; Exod 22:18; Lev 18:23 (twice in verse) (where ׳בּ is male, so Lev 20:16) Deut 27:21; Ps 36:7 etc.; ׳מֵאָדָם וְעַד בּ (׳בּ including all the larger animals) Exod 9:25; Exod 12:12; Ps 135:8; Jer 50:3 etc.; as inferior to man Job 18:3; Ps 49:13; Ps 49:21, so also Eccl 3:18; Eccl 3:19 (twice in verse); Eccl 3:21 opposed to also birds & reptiles Gen 6:7; Gen 7:23; Gen 8:17 compare Ezek 44:31 etc.; also to fishes 1Kgs 5:13; Job 12:7 compare vJob 12:8, Ps 8:9; Zeph 1:3.

2. opposed to also to wild beasts חַיַּת הָאָרֶץ, הַשָּׂדֶה ׳ח Gen 1:24; Gen 1:25; Gen 1:26; Gen 2:20; Gen 3:14; Gen 7:14; Gen 7:21; Gen 9:10; Ps 50:10; Ps 148:10; Isa 46:1 etc.; especially therefore cattle, as owned and used by man, Gen 47:18 (׳מִקְנֵה הַבּ) Exod 20:10 = Deut 5:14; Lev 19:19; Lev 26:22; Num 3:41 (twice in verse); Num 3:45 (twice in verse); Deut 2:35; Deut 11:15; Jonah 4:11; Zech 2:8; Zech 8:10; Zech 14:15; Neh 10:37 etc.; in one (late) passage of animal for riding (horse ? mule ?) Neh 2:12 (twice in verse); Neh 2:14.

3. rarely of wild beasts, especially carnivora, יַעַר ׳בּ Mic 5:7 הָאָרֶץ ׳בּ Deut 28:26; Isa 18:6 (twice in verse); Jer 7:33; Jer 15:3; Jer 16:4; Jer 19:7; Jer 34:20 הַשָּׂדֶה ׳בּ 1Sam 17:44 alone, Prov 30:30 שֶׁןבְּֿהֵמוֺת Deut 32:24 ׳שֹׁד בּ Hab 2:17. — On בְּהֵמוֺת Ps 73:22 compare below

beast, cattle, beasts

bĕhēmâ

properly, a dumb beast; especially any large quadruped or animal (often collective)

beast, cattle, animal

beasts (coll of all animals)

וּ נְתַתִּ֤י הָ

וּ

Prefix — connector and (sometimes: but, so, then)

נְתַתִּ֤י

Root word give, gave, given, put, set, …

הָ

Suffix — pronoun her / it

Dictionary form: נָתַן · naw-TAHN

Verb — Qal, Sequential Perfect (Weqatal), first person singular simple action — "he did" carries the story forward — try "and he will ___" the built-in subject is "I"

In the KJV here: it and i will make

give ×96 gave ×89 and put ×59 to give ×52 and gave ×46 giveth ×39 i have given ×35 hath given ×33

More options

give — Most versatile; covers the vast majority of occurrences.

grant — Prefer when the giver holds authority or power.

place — Use when the sense is physical positioning or setting down.

deliver — Prefer when handing over to another party is emphasized.

yield — Best for produce, tribute, or reluctant giving.

appoint — Use when assigning a role, task, or allotment.

BDB5441 H5414

נָתַן₂₀₀₇ verb give, put, set (Ecclus נתן Eccl 44:19 + often; Old Hebrew נתןיֿהו proper name, masculine Lzb³²⁷; Late Hebrew = Biblical Hebrew; Phoenician יתן, נתן in proper name מתנת, etc., Lzb²⁹²; Lzb³²⁷; Assyrian nadânu Dl^{HWB 450} (rarely ittan Id^ib.488); Zinjirli נתן, also in proper name, Lzb³²⁷ Cook⁸⁴; Nabataean Imperfect ינתן, also proper name; Palmyrene, also proper name Lzb^l.c. Cook^l.c.; ᵑ7 Imperfect יִתֵּן, Infinitive מִתַּן; Sabean נתן Hal¹⁵⁴, Lihyanian proper name נתנבעל [North-Semitic form] DHM^{Epigr. Denkm. 80, No.35}; Christian-Palestinian Aramaic (rare) Schw^{Idioticon 58}; Syriac Imperfect , Infinitive Lindberg^{Vergl.Sem.Gram.93f.}, but Mandean נתן Nö^{M 52}); —

Qal₁₉₁₇ Perfect ׳נ Gen 24:53 +; 2 masculine singular נָתַ֫תָּ Judg 15:18 +, נָתַ֫תָּה Gen 3:12 +, תַּתָּה 2Sam 22:41 (defended as vulgar form with aphaeresis of ׳נ by Th Ges^Lgb.139 Ew^{§ 195b} Kö^i.300 De^{Ps 18:41} and others; < text error for נָתַתָּה (so || Ps 18:41) Ol^{§ 89} Sta^{§ 127 b} Ges^{«GKC:19i»§ 19i} (hesitantly), Klo Bu Löhr HPS, compare Hup-Now^{Ps 18:41}); 2 feminine singular נָתַתְּ Ezek 16:33; Ezek 16:36, נָתַּתְּי vEzek 16:18, suffix נְתַתִּיהוּ vEzek 16:19 1 singular נָתַ֫תִּי Judg 1:2 +, etc.; Imperfect יִּתֵּן Gen 43:14 +, וַיִּתֵּן Gen 15:10 +; suffix 3 masculine singularיִתְּנֶ֫נּוּ Lev 5:24; Eccl 2:21 1 singular אֶתֵּן Gen 12:7 +; 1 plural נִתֵּן Gen 34:21 +, נִתַּןֿ Judg 16:5, etc.; Imperative masculine singular תֵּן 2Kgs 4:42 +, תֶּןֿ Gen 14:21, תְּנָה 1Sam 2:15 +, suffix תְּנֵ֫הוּ Neh 1:11; 1Chr 21:22, תְּנֶנָּה 1Sam 21:10 feminine singular תְּנִי Gen 30:14 +, תֵּ֑גִי Isa 43:6 masculine plural תְּנוּ Gen 34:8 +; Infinitive absolute נָתוֺן Deut 15:10 +, נָתֹן Num 21:2 +; construct נְתֹן Num 20:21, נְתָןֿ Gen 38:9, לְתִתֵּן 1Kgs 6:19 (but read לָתֵת so Ol^{§ 224 d} Ges^{«GKC:67l»§ 67l} Benz), תתן also 1Kgs 17:14 Kt (Qr תֵּת) — > these forms retained Ew^{§ 258c} Kö^i.305; — תֵּת Gen 4:12 +, especially לָתֵת Gen 15:7 +, לָתֵתֿ Judg 21:18, לָתֶתֿ Exod 5:21 (so Ginsb, van d. H. לָתֵתֿ, compare also Ki in Kö^{i.304 f.})+; suffix תִּתִּי Gen 29:19 +, תִּתְּךָ Deut 15:10 +, etc.; Participle נֹתֵן Judg 21:18 +, etc.; —

1. give:
a. = give personally, deliver or hand to, with accusative of thing + ל person 1Sam 10:4; 1Sam 22:10; 2Kgs 2:10; Lev 5:16(P) Lev 22:14 (H) Ruth 4:7 + often; in trade Prov 31:24 אֶלֿ person Gen 21:14 (E), Jer 3:8; Lev 15:14 + often; explicitly בְּיַד ׳נ Deut 24:1; Deut 24:3 (bill of divorce); with accusative of thing alone Judg 5:25.
b. = bestow upon, with accusative of thing + ל person Gen 24:53 (J) Gen 20:16 (E) Gen 1:29 (P) + often; an understanding heart 1Kgs 3:9; 1Kgs 3:12, blessing Deut 12:15, merch Deut 13:18, compare Jer 16:13; Jer 42:12 strength Deut 8:18; Ps 68:36 the sabbath Exod 16:29 (J) Ezek 20:12 = procure for (לְ) one 1Sam 17:10; 1Kgs 21:7 יִתֵּן לֶכֶם רַחֲמִים לִפְנֵי Gen 43:14 (J) he will give you compassion in the eyes of the man (compare also 2b, 3b); give persons Gen 46:18; Gen 46:25 (P); of Levites given to (לְ) Aaron and his sons Num 3:9 compare Num 8:19, to ׳י Num 8:16 compare Num 18:6 (all P); especially of ׳י's giving land to Abraham and his descendants Gen 15:18; Gen 26:4 (J) Gen 17:8(P) Exod 6:8 (P; + מוֺרָשָׁה) + often (participle in this sense 37 t. Deuteronomy), + לִרִשְׁתָּהּ Deut 3:18 +; אַלתִּֿתֵּן לַנָּשִׁים חֵיֶלֶ֑ךָ Prov 31:3 + מִן of source נָתַתִּי מִמֶּנָּה לְךָ בֵּן Gen 17:16 (P); with accusative alone Ps 61:6; Eccl 12:7 (רוּחַ); give something to (ל) one for (ל) something, in some capacity, לוֺ לַעֲבָּדִים ׳אֶתכָּֿלאֶֿחָיו נ Gen 27:37 +; probably also בְּבָרוּתִי ראֹשׁ ׳נ Ps 69:22 they gave, as my food, gall (בְּ essentiae), compare above בְּ 7 c, Hup-Now^{on the passage}; accusative + infinitive לֿי לֶחֶם לָאֱכֹל׳נ וּבֶגֶד לִלְבּשׁ Gen 28:20 (J), compare Exod 16:15 (P), Neh 9:15; Neh 9:20 לָכֶם לֵב לָדַעַת וְעֵינַיִם לִרְאוֺת וְאָזְנַיִם ׳לֹא נ לִשְׁמֹעַ Deut 29:3. Especially
c. give woman to (ל) man as (ל) wife, Gen 29:28 (E), Gen 34:8; Gen 34:12 (J), Josh 15:16; Josh 15:17 (JE), = Judg 1:12; Judg 1:13 +; without 2nd ל Gen 29:19 (twice in verse) (E), Gen 38:21; Exod 2:21 (J), Gen 34:9; Gen 34:14; Gen 34:16 (P), Judg 15:2; Judg 15:6 +; with accusative alone, Gen 29:26 (E), 1Sam 25:44.
d. of (gracious) bestowals of various kinds: give = grant, send rain, גִּשְׁמֵיכֶם Lev 26:4 (H), מְטַראַֿרְצְכֶם Deut 11:14, עַלאַֿרְצְךָ מָטָר 1Kgs 8:36, etc.; also of sending plague of hail Exod 9:23 (E); send herbage (עֵשֶׂב) in (בְּ) your field for (לְ) your cattle Deut 11:15 grant a remnant to (לְ) Judah Jer 40:11 וְנָתַּתִּי לְךָ אֶתֿ נַפְשְׁךָ לְשָׁלָל Jer 45:5 and I will grant thee thy life as spoil; grant revenge (accusative) to (לְ) the king on (מִן) Saul, etc. 2Sam 4:8, compare הָאֵל הַנֹּתֵן נְקָמוֺת לִי 2Sam 22:48 = Ps 18:48 other gifts Judg 15:18 (בְּיַד), 1Sam 1:11 (לְ), Ruth 4:13.
e. grant a request, שְׁאֵלָה 1Sam 1:17; 1Sam 1:27; Esth 5:3; Ps 106:15 (+ ל person), בַּקָּשָׁה Ezra 7:6, תַּאֲוָה Prov 10:24, (רָשָׁע) מַאֲוִיֵּי Ps 140:9, תִּקְוֶה Job 6:8, מִשְׁאֲלֹת לִבֶּ֑ךָ Ps 37:4, compare לָכֶם וּמְצֵאןָ מְנוּחָה ׳יִתֵּן י Ruth 1:9. Especially feminine מִי יִתֵּן who will give or grant, in expressions of wish = O that (I had! etc.; = Assyrian mannu inamdin Jäger^{BAS ii.279}), especially (9 t.) Job: with accusative מִייִֿתֵּן עֶרֶב Deut 28:67 compare vDeut 28:67, Job 14:4; Ps 14:7 = Ps 53:7; Ps 55:7; Jer 9:1 with 2 accusative נְבִּיאִים ׳כָּלעַֿם י Num 11:29 (JE), literally who will make all ׳י's people prophets? compare Jer 8:23 with accusative + כְּ, מִי יִתֶּנְךָ כְאָח לֵי Song 8:1, compare Job 29:2 with accusative + בְּ, אֶתהָֿעָם הַזֶּה בְּיָדִי Judg 9:29 O that this people were in my charge! with accusative + לְ Job 31:35, literally who will give to me (לִי) one hearing me? also מִי יִתְּנֵנִי Isa 27:4 where suffix apparently = לִי; with infinitive מִי יִתֵּן מוּתֵנוּ Exod 16:3 (P), so 2Sam 19:1, מִי יִתֵּן אֱלוֺהַּ דַּבֵּר Job 11:5 with imperfect תָּבוֺא שֶׁאֱלָתִי Job 6:8 O that my request might come to pass! Job 14:13; Job 31:31 imperfect + וְ Job 19:23 (twice in verse); with perfect יָדַעְתִּי Job 23:3 O that I knew! (+ וְאֶמְצָאֵהוּ); with perfect consecutive Deut 5:26.
g. permit, with accusative + infinitive, לֹאנְֿתַתִּיךָ לִנְגֹּעַ אֵלֶיהָ Gen 20:6 (JE) + often; with ל person + infinitive 2Chr 20:10 other constructions are: ׳לְךָ י ׳לֹא כֵן נ Deut 18:14 not thus hath ׳י permitted to thee; ׳אִםאֶֿתֵּן שְׁנָת לְעֵינָ֑י וגו Ps 132:4; Prov 6:4 give thyself לְ no rest Lam 2:18, give him לְ no rest Isa 62:6.
h. = ascribe glory, etc. (accusative) to לְ God 1Sam 6:5; Job 36:3, especially imperative Jer 13:16; Ezra 10:11; Ps 68:35 compare Ps 115:1 (so הָבוּ, see יהב 4); to man 1Sam 18:8 (twice in verse); unseemliness (תִּפְלָה) to God Job 1:22.
i. = apply, devote heart to seek out, accusative + infinitive Eccl 1:13; Eccl 1:17; Eccl 8:9; Eccl 8:16; Dan 10:12, לֵב לְ ׳נ Eccl 7:21 = attend to; conversely אֶתכָּֿלזֶֿה נָחַתִּי אֶללִֿבִּי Eccl 9:1 = all this I set my mind, Eccl 7:2 also (with subject different from indirect object) מָה אֱלּהַי נֹתֵן אֶללִֿבִּי לַעֲשׂוֺת Neh 2:12 compare Neh 7:5.
j. = employ, devote money (accusative) עַלעֲֿבֹדַת אֹהֶל מוֺעֵד Exod 30:16 (P).
k. give offerings, ׳לְי Num 18:12 (P), ׳תְּרוּמַת י Exod 30:15 (P), compare give spoil to (לְׅ ׳י) Deut 20:14 (׳י subject); לָ֑ךְ מִיָָּֽדְךָ נָתַנּוּ 1Chr 29:14 offering to (לְׅ idols Ezek 6:13 especially to Moloch Lev 20:2; Lev 20:4, to pass through fire to (לׅ M. Lev 18:2, etc.

1. = consecrate, dedicate to (לְׅ ׳י 1Sam 1:11; Exod 22:29 (E). masculine give a sign or wonder, accusative 1Kgs 13:3; 1Kgs 13:5, + לְ person Josh 2:12 (JE), with reflexive לְ Exod 7:9 (P), almost = display, exhibit; compare נָָֽתְנוּ הֲדָרֵךְ Ezek 27:10 they set forth, exhibit thy splendour; כִּי יִתֵּן בַּכּוֺס עֵינוֺ Prov 23:31 when it sheweth its sparkle in the cup.
n. = pay, wages (accusative, + suffix), שְׂכָרִי ׳נ Gen 30:18 (E) he hath paid my hire, Exod 2:9 (E) Deut 24:15, compare Isa 61:8 + ל person Jer 22:13 a price, מִכְרָם ׳נ Num 20:19 (JE), וַיִּתֵּן שְׂכָרָהּ Jonah 1:3, i.e. paid his fare, passage-money; money (as) price (מחיר) 1Kgs 21:2, compare כֶּסֶף הַשָּׂדֶה ׳נ Gen 23:13 (P); pay money for (ב) something Deut 14:26 wealth for (ב) love Song 8:7 tax or rent, with accusative of thing + ל person Gen 47:24 (J); fine (c. id.) Exod 21:32 (E) Deut 22:29, accusative omitted vDeut 22:19, compare וְנָתַן בִּפְלִלִים Exod 21:22 (see פָּלִיל), שִׁבְתּוֺ ׳נ vExod 21:19 (i.e. pay for his lost time), פִּדְיוֺן נַפְשׁוֺ ׳נ vExod 21:30 (pay redemption-money; all E), compare ׳אִישֹׁ כֹּפֶר נַפְשׁוֺ לְי ׳וְנ Exod 30:12 (P); pay votive offering (with accusative + ל) Lev 27:23 (P); a wager (with accusative+ ל) Judg 14:12; Judg 14:13.
o. with בְּ, give for (ב) money = sell, תְּנָהלִּֿי אֶתכַּֿרְמְךָ בְּכֶסֶף 1Kgs 21:6, compare Deut 2:28; Deut 14:25; 1Chr 21:22 — ׳נ Ezek 27 is trading term, but sometimes connection obscure and text dubious: give wares for (בְ) Ezek 27:12 (but read probably ך for ב ᵐ5 ᵑ6 Co Berthol), vEzek 27:13 vEzek 27:16 (strike out 2nd ב), vEzek 27:17 vEzek 27:19 vEzek 27:22 (compare. further, Co Berthol and especially Sm); הַיֶּלֶדּ בַּזּוֺנָךְ ׳נ Joel 4:3 (|| מָכַר); ב instrumental, give בַּגּוֺרֶל by lot Josh 21:8.
p. give instead of, exchange for, with תַּחַת Exod 21:23 (E) 1Kgs 21:2; 1Kgs 21:6; Isa 43:4; Isa 61:3, בְּעַד Job 2:4.
q. give, i.e. lend, at interest, בְּנֶשֶׁךְ ׳כַּסְפּוֺ לֹא נ Lev 25:37; Ps 15:5, so (accusative omitted) Ezek 18:8; Ezek 18:13.
r. = commit, entrust to, with accusative + אֶלֿ person Exod 22:6; Exod 22:9 (E), with ל person Song 8:11, with בְּיַד Gen 30:35; Gen 39:4; Gen 39:8; Gen 39:22 (all J), 2Sam 10:10.
s. give over, deliver up, with accusative Num 21:3 (JE) Judg 20:13; 1Sam 11:12; 2Sam 14:7; 2Sam 20:21; 1Kgs 14:16; Hos 11:8 || מִגֵּן), Mic 5:2 בָּנָיו פְּלֵיטִים וּבְנֹתָיו בַּשְּׁבִית לְמֶלֶךְ אֱמֹרִי ׳נ Num 21:29 (JE); + ל, לַמָּוֶת ׳פ ׳נ Ps 118:18 + לִפְנֵי Deut 7:2; Deut 7:23; Deut 31:5 + (see Dr^{Dt. lxxxiii, No.52, and} see further 2 b near the end); especially בְּיַד ׳נ, with accusative, Num 21:34 (JE) Josh 2:24 (JE) Deut 2:24 + often
t. yield produce, fruit, etc., especially of land, ground, Gen 4:12 (J), Lev 25:19; Lev 26:4; Lev 26:20 (all H), Deut 11:17; Isa 55:10 (+ ל person) Zech 8:12; Ps 67:7; Ps 85:13 compare Ezek 36:8 of tree Ezek 34:27; Lev 26:4; Lev 26:20 (H) Ps 1:3, + vine Joel 2:22, vine Zech 8:12 absolute root of righteous yields, יִתֵּן Prov 12:12 according to De Str (dubious; propose to insert פְּרִי); Dy Kau Wild proposes אֵיתָן (as Ps 74:15, etc.), compare as to sense Ew; other conjectures see Now; compare Num 20:8 (P) Zech 8:12; Song 1:12; Song 2:13; Song 7:14.
u. = occasion, produce, שֵׂכֶל טוֺב יִתֶּןחֵֿ֑ן Prov 13:16 compare Prov 29:15, חֶרְדַּת אָדָם יִתֵּן מוֺקֵשׁ vProv 29:25 trembling before man occasioneth a snare. see requite to (לְ) a man, according to (כְּ) character 1Kgs 8:39 = 2Chr 6:33; Jer 17:10; Jer 32:19; Ps 28:4 (twice in verse); with עַלֿ + כְּ Ezek 7:9 with עַלֿ person + accusative of sin Ezek 7:3; Ezek 7:4; Ezek 7:8; Ezek 23:49 (compare 2 b).
w. = report, mention, וַיִּתֵּן אֶתמִֿסְפַּר ֗֗֗ אֶלהַֿמֶּלֶךְ 2Sam 24:9 he reported the number unto the king; וָאֶתְּנָה לוֺ זְמָ֑ן Neh 2:6 and I mentioned to him a time.
x. = utter, usually with accusative קוֺל, utter a sound, lift up the voice: Jer 4:16 (+ עַל against), Jer 22:20; Jer 48:34; Lam 2:7 in weeping, וַיִּתֵּן אֶתקֹֿלוֺ בִּבְכִי Gen 45:2 (E), וַיִּבְכּוּ Num 14:1 (P); + ל person Prov 2:3 (|| לַבִּינָה תִּקְרָא);of wisdom Prov 1:20; Prov 8:1 || קרא; of ׳י, especially in thunder of theoph. Amos 1:2; 2Sam 22:14 || יַרְעֵם), = Ps 18:14; Jer 25:30; Joel 2:11 of clouds Ps 77:18, the deep Hab 3:10 of young lion's roaring Amos 3:4; Jer 2:15 of birds Ps 104:12 קוֺל omitted, ׳דָּוִד ֗֗֗ לְהֹדֹת לְי ׳נ 1Chr 16:7 so of ׳י's voice in thunder, לְקוֺל תִתּוֺ Jer 10:13 (sc. קוֺלוֺ) at the sound of his uttering (his voice) = Jer 51:16 בְּקוֺל ׳נ Jer 12:8 (+ עַלֿ against ), of ׳י Ps 46:7, הֵןיִֿתֵּן בְּקוֺלוֺ קוֺל עֹז Ps 68:34 ׳נ with other words, אֹמֶר vPs 68:12 (of ׳י); of confession, (accusative + ל person) Josh 7:19 (JE) Ezra 10:11.
y. give = stretch out, extend, וַיִּתֶּןיָֿד Gen 38:28 (J) it put out a hand; וַיִּתֵּן צַמַּרְתּוֺ אֶלבֵּֿין עֲבוֺתִים (read עָבוֺת) Ezek 31:10; Ezek 31:14 and it stretched its top amid the clouds.
z. combinations are: יִתֵּן לְמַכֵּהוּ לֶחִ֑י Lam 3:30 (humiliation), compare Isa 50:6 וַיִּתְּנוּ כָתֵף סֹרָ֑רֶת Zech 7:11 (of stubbornness), so Neh 9:29 (|| עָרְפָּם הִקְשׁוּ); also וַיִּתְּנוּ עֹרֶף 2Chr 29:6 gave, i.e. turned (their) back (on ׳י; || וַיַּסֵּבּוּ פְנֵיהֶם ׳מִמִּשְׁכַּן י); of compact, תְּנָה אֶתיָֿדֶ֑ךָ 2Kgs 10:15 compare v2Kgs 10:15, so מִצְרַיִם נָתַנּוּ יָד Lam 5:6 of submission, נָָֽתְנָה יָדָהּ Jer 50:15 = she (Babylon) hath surrendered; ׳תְּנוּ יָד לְי 2Chr 30:8 = submit to ׳י; more explicitly, יָד תַּחַת שְׁלֹמהֹ ׳נ 1Chr 29:24 מָקוֺם לְ ׳נ Judg 20:36 give place to (retire before); of sexual relation, אֶלאֵֿשֶׁת ֗֗֗ לֹאתִֿתֵּן שְׁכָבְתְּךָ לְזָ֑רַע Lev 18:20 (H), וַיִּתֵּן אִישׁ בָּךְ אֶתשְֿׁכָבְתּוֺ Num 5:20 (P), so (בְּכָלבְּֿהֵמָה) Lev 18:23 (H), compare Lev 20:15 (H). — יִתֵּן is taken impersonal = 'es giebt,' there is, there are, in Job 37:10; Prov 10:24; Prov 13:10 by De, citing Ew^{§ 295 d}, Now^{Prov 13:10} Str Frankenb (in translation, dubious in note), Bae^{Jb in} Kau Ges^{«GKC:144b»§ 144b}; but improbable, Kau^Pr Di^Jb, so Hi Bu Du (on Job 37:10), reading יֻתַּן; compare Kö^{Synt. § 324 d Β}.

2. Put, set, nearly = שִׂים, and sometimes || with it:
a. literally, (especially often in Ezekiel, P): with accusative + עַלֿ on, ring on hand Gen 41:42 (E), compare Ezek 16:11, helmet on head 1Sam 17:38, also Jer 27:2; Jer 28:14 (in figurative), 1Kgs 12:4; 1Kgs 12:9 (in figurative), 1Kgs 18:23 (|| שִׂי ם), Exod 12:7 (accusative omitted), compare Exod 25:12; Exod 25:26; Exod 25:30 + often P; with עַלֿ = above Exod 25:21; Exod 26:34 (P), = for, גֹּרָלֹת עַלֿ ׳נ Lev 16:8 (P), cast lots for; = against Ezek 26:8 with אֶלֿ into: ark into cart 1Sam 6:8, put one in the stocks Jer 29:26 (also with עַלֿ Jer 20:2), in prison Jer 37:18; Jer 38:11, compare Exod 25:16; Exod 28:30 (P); put water upon (עַלֿ) something into (אֶלֿ) vessel Num 19:17 = toward וַיִּתֵּן פְּנֵי הַצּאֹן אֶלעָֿקֹד Gen 30:40 (J; strike out Ol Di and others); with בְּ, cup into hand Gen 40:13 (E), compare Judg 7:16, also Gen 41:48 (E), compare 1Kgs 7:51; Gen 1:17 (P), Gen 9:13 (P), 2Kgs 19:18; Jer 27:8, בֶּעָפָר פֶּה ׳נ Lam 3:29 (in figurative), נָתַתִּי שִׁפְחָתִי בְּחֵיקֶ֑ךָ Gen 16:5 (J), וְנָתַתָּה בְאָזְנוֺ וּבַדֶּלֶת Deut 15:17 and thou shalt put (the awl) into his ear and into the door (pin his ear to the door); put disease into one Deut 7:15 (|| שִׂים); inflict blemish (מוּם) on (בְּ), Lev 24:19; Lev 24:20 וּכְתֹבֶת קַעֲקַע לֹא תִתְּנוּ בָּכֶם Lev 19:28 with בְּ + לְ, שֶׂרֶט לָנֶפֶשׁ לֹא תִתְּנוּ בִּבְשַׂרְכֶם vLev 19:28 (all H); with לִטְנֵי before, in front of, set food before one, 2Kgs 4:43; 2Kgs 4:44 compare Zech 3:9; Ezek 3:20; Exod 30:6; Exod 40:5; Exod 40:6 (all P); with בֵּין between, Exod 30:18; Exod 40:17 (P); with לְ, לַבַּיִת ׳מִגְרָעוֺת נ סָבִיב 1Kgs 6:6 he put ledges to the house; with other prepositions הָאִשָּׁה אֲשֶׁר נָתַתָּ עִמָּדִי Gen 3:16 (J), the woman whom thou hast set at my side, compare Exod 31:6 (אִתּוֺ ׳נ; figurative of association, assistance); with לִקְרַאת Gen 15:10 (J), lay each piece to meet its fellow; he set the sea מִכֶּתֶף הַבַּיִת 1Kgs 7:39 with ה locative put money שָׁמָּה into it 2Kgs 12:10, so of water Exod 30:18 (P), compare Exod 40:7 (שָׁם); with 2 accusative אוֺתוֺ בֵּית ׳הַכְּלוּא נ Jer 37:4 compare vJer 37:15 put, place, absolute Exod 40:8 (P; || שִׂים, compare Exod 26:32); set up, אֶבֶן מַשְׂכִּית בְּ Lev 26:1 (H; || הֵקִים); + לְ person, lay snare for me Ps 119:110 (in figurative).
b. figurative, in many phrase: with עַל, put my spirit upon him Isa 42:1, reproach upon one Jer 23:40, blessing on Mt. Gerizim, etc., Deut 11:29, curses on enemies Deut 30:7 impose tax upon Neh 10:33 compare 2Kgs 23:33 נָתַן הוֺד עַל put majesty upon one 1Chr 29:25; Dan 11:21; Num 27:20 (P; מֵהוֺד; compare Ps 21:6); so also perhaps Ps 8:2 hast set thy majesty upon (over) the heavens, compare ᵑ6 ᵑ9 ᵑ7 (read נָתַתָּה for תְּנָה, Hup De Pe Bae and others; other views see in Thes Ew Ol Now Che We Du); = above, וּנְתָ֑נְךָ עֶלְיוֺן עַלכָּֿלגּֿוֺיֵי הָאָרֶץ Deut 28:1 compare Deut 26:19 put (something) over mouth Mic 3:5 (i.e. stop one's mouth, by a gift); = against מָצוֺר עַלֿ ׳נ Ezek 4:2 (siege), compare vEzek 4:2 b; with אֶלֿ, אֲדֹנָי ֗֗֗ לְבַקֵּשׁ וָאֶתְּנָה אֶתפָּֿנַי אֶלֿ Dan 9:3 with בְּ, words into mouth Deut 18:18; Jer 1:9, compare 1Kgs 22:23 wisdom into heart, or person, 1Kgs 10:24; Exod 31:6; Exod 36:1; Exod 36:2 (all P), compare Ps 4:8 set peace in earth Lev 26:6 (H); (the idea of) perpetuity (עוֺלָם) in heart Eccl 3:11 a purpose, בְּלִבּוֺ ׳וּלהוֺדוֺת נ Exod 35:34 (P); וְנָתַתִּי אֶתיָֿדִי בְּמִצְרַיִם Exod 7:4 (P); אַלתִּֿתֵּן דָּם נָקִי בְּקֶרֶב עַמְּךָ Deut 21:8 וַיִּתֵּן חִנּוֺ בְּעֵינֵי Gen 39:21 (J), and he put his favour in the eyes of the prison-keeper (made the keeper favourable to him), compare Exod 3:21; Exod 11:3; Exod 12:36 (all E; compare also 1 b, 3 b); with בְּ person = against, in phrase set my face against, oppose Ezek 14:8; Ezek 15:7; Lev 17:10; Lev 20:6 (both H); with בֵּין, = put, i.e. make a covenant between Gen 17:2 (P), compare Lev 26:46 (H); אֶרֶץ לִפְנֵיכֶם ׳נ i.e. place at your disposal Deut 1:8; Deut 1:21 compare Deut 2:36 set ordinances, etc., before, לִפְנֵי (for observance), 1Kgs 9:6; Jer 26:4; Jer 44:10; Dan 9:10 blessings and cursings (for choice) Deut 30:1; Deut 30:15; Deut 30:19 ׳דֶּרֶךְ בְּראֹשׁ פ ׳נ set or place one`s way upon his head, i.e. requite him, Ezek 9:10; Ezek 11:21; Ezek 16:43; Ezek 22:31 compare Ezek 17:19, also 1Kgs 8:32 = 2Chr 6:23 + (compare 1 v); בְּמִדְיָן ׳לָתֵת נִקְמַת י Num 31:3 to set the vengeance of ׳י upon Midian; ׳ב ׳נ Ps 50:20 = set in, i.e. impute to (usually ׳שִׂים ב).
c. set, appoint, with accusative + עַלֿ over, ׳י hath set a king over you 1Sam 12:13 compare Gen 41:41 (E); with עַלֿ on, ישֵׁב ׳נ עַלכִּֿסְאִי 1Kgs 1:48 with בְּ in = over, 1Chr 12:9; Neh 13:4 with לְ Nethînîm לַעֲבֹדָה Ezra 8:20 with accusative alone, idol-priest 2Kgs 23:5, prophet Jer 1:5 (2 accusative), leader Num 14:4 one instead of (תַּחַת) another 1Kgs 2:35.

d. = assign, designate, with ׃לְ God hath assigned victim-flesh to (ל) you, in order to bear sins of people Lev 10:17, compare Num 18:8 (both P); cities for (ל) flight of man-slayer Num 35:6 (P); נָתַתִּי לָכֶם עַלהַֿמִּזְבֵּחַ לְכַפֵּר Lev 17:11 (H).

3. Make, constitute,
a. with 2 accusative, וְנָתַתִּי נְעָרִים שָׂרֵיהֶם Isa 3:4 and I will make boys their princes, compare Gen 17:5; Exod 7:1 (both P), Ps 18:33 (> וַיַּתֵּר in || 2Sam 22:33), 2Sam 39:6; 2Sam 69:12; 2Sam 135:12, etc.; + בֵּין Josh 22:25 (P); + אֶלֿ person וְנָתַתִּי אֶתכָּֿלאֹֿיְבֶיךָ אֵלֶיךָ עֹרֶף Exod 23:27 (E), and I will make all thine enemies unto thee a back, i.e. make them shew thee their back, flee from thee, so with לְ Ps 18:41 = 2Sam 22:41.
b. with accusative + לְ, וְנָתַתִּי אֶתיְֿרוּשָׁלַיִם לְגַלִּים Jer 9:10 and I will make Jerusalem into ruin-heaps, compare Deut 28:13; Isa 42:24; Gen 17:6; Gen 17:20; Gen 48:4; Num 5:21; Josh 17:3 (all P) +; לְרַחֲמִים לִפְנֵי ׳פ ׳נ 1Kgs 8:50 make persons an object of compassion before (in the eyes of), so Neh 1:11; Ps 106:46; Dan 1:9 (compare also 1 b, 2 b); + לְ person for (especially Jeremiah), וּנְתַתִּים לִזְוָעָה לְכֹל מַמְלְכוֺת הָאָרֶץ Jer 15:4 and I will make them a terror for all kingdoms of the earth, compare Jer 24:9; Jer 29:18; Jer 34:17.
c. with accusative + כְּ, כַּשִּׁקְמִים ׳וְאֵת הָאֲרָזִים נ 1Kgs 10:27 and the cedars he made like the sycomores, i.e. as common, = 2Chr 1:15, compare 1Kgs 16:3; Ezek 28:6; Lev 26:19 (H), Ruth 4:11 וַיִּתֵּן אֹתָנוּ כִּמְרַגְּלִים Gen 42:30 (E), i.e. regarded, treated us as spies, but insert בַּמִּשְׁמָר ᵐ5 Ol Di Ball Holz, — אַלתִּֿתֵּן אֶתאֲֿמָֽתְךָ לִפְנֵי בַת בְּלִיַּעַל 1Sam 1:16 difficult, (not withstanding Job 3:24; Job 4:19), read probably כְּ (HPS), or לְ, for לִפְנֵי.
d. rarely with accusative alone: ׳וּמִבְּנֵי יִשׂ שְׁלֹמֹה עֶבֶד ׳לֹא נ 1Kgs 9:22 and of the sons of Israel Solomon made no slave, but read probably לְמַס עֹבֵד (as v1Kgs 9:21 ᵐ5^A ἐς πράγμα, omitted by B ᵐ5^L; compare Klo Benz), וָאֶתֵּן עֲלֵיהֶם קְהִלָּה Neh 5:7 and I made (held) over their case a great assembly; make a decree, חֹק, Ps 148:6 perhaps also וַתִּתֵּן אֹתֹת בְּפַרְעֹה Neh 9:10 and thou didst perform signs and wonders against 'Pharaoh, etc. (compare שִׂים אוֺתֹת בְּ Exod 10:2; Ps 78:43).

Niph`al₈₂ Perfect נִתַּן Isa 9:5 +; 3 feminine singular נִתְּנָה Gen 38:14 +; 2 masculine plural וְנִתַּתֶּם consecutive Lev 26:25 1 plural נִתַּ֫נּוּ Ezra 9:7, etc.; Imperfect יִנָּתֵן Exod 5:18 +, יִנָּ֫תֶן לוֺ 2Chr 2:13 (Ginsb van d. H. יִנָּ֫תֶןלֿוֺ), etc.; Infinitive absolute הִנָּתֹן Jer 32:4; Jer 38:3 construct לְהִנָּתֵן Esth 3:14; Esth 8:13 —

1. be given to (usually with ל person):
a. = bestowed upon Josh 24:33 (E), Ezek 11:15 (+ לְמוֺרָשָׁה), Ezek 33:24 (+ id.), Job 15:19; Ezek 16:34; Num 26:62 (P), Isa 9:5, portion from sacrifice Lev 10:14 (P), glory Isa 35:2, birthright 1Chr 5:1, freedom Lev 19:20 (H).
b. given to one (ל) for wife (ל) Gen 38:14 (J), 1Sam 18:19.
c. provided, usually with ל Exod 5:16; Exod 5:18 (J); 1Sam 25:27; 2Kgs 25:30 = Jer 52:34; Isa 33:16; Neh 13:10 מֵרֹעֶה אֶחָד ׳נ Eccl 12:11 they are given from one shepherd (i.e. words of wise) according to Ew De Hi-Now Rüetschi^Kau; Wild understands subject of compilers.
d. = entrusted to Jer 13:20 compare 2Chr 2:13 with עַליָֿדָם 2Kgs 22:7, בְּיַד 2Chr 34:16.
e. = give into the power of (usually with בְּיַד), especially of city (kg., people) given into the hand of foe 2Kgs 18:30 (+ אֶתֿ accusative), 2Kgs 19:10 = Isa 36:15; Isa 37:10; Jer 21:10 + 18 t. Jeremiah, Leviticus, Chronicles, Daniel; earth into hand of wicked Job 9:24 in good sense Gen 9:2 (P); delivered to death (ל), unto lower world (אֶלֿ), Ezek 31:14 given to us (ל) for devouring (ל) Ezek 35:12 ׳חֶרֶב נ Ezek 32:20 delivered to the sword (strike out ᵐ5 ᵑ6 Co Sgfr^{Kau Toy}); absolute, of צָבָא, Dan 8:12 (al. was appointed, see especially Dr), Dan 11:6. feminine of request, be granted to (ל), Esth 2:13; Esth 5:3 (בַּקָּשָׁה), vEsth 5:6; Esth 7:2; Esth 9:12 (all שְׁאֵלָה), compare Esth 7:3 (בִּשְׁאֵלָה, בְּבַקָּשָׁה).
g. = be permitted Esth 9:13 (+ infinitive).
h. = be issued, published (of royal decree), absolute Esth 3:5; Esth 3:14; Esth 4:8; Esth 8:13; Esth 8:14; Esth 9:14 of law given בְּיַד משֶׁה Neh 10:30.
i. = be uttered, שְׁאוֺן קוֺלָם ׳נ Jer 51:55 (of stormers of Babylon).
j. be assigned for (ל), Ezek 47:11.

2. Be put, set:
a. literally, crown בְּראֹשׁ Esth 6:8 of personified folly הַסֶּכֶל בַּמְּרוֺ מִים ׳נ Eccl 10:6.
b. in imagery of Ezek. ֗֗֗ בְּיַרְכְּתֵיבֿוֺר ׳נ Ezek 32:23, with אֵת (with) vEzek 32:29, with בְּתוֺךְ vEzek 32:25, vine put (cast) לָאֵשׁ לְאָכְלָה Ezek 15:4 into the fire for consuming; figurative of terror בארץ ׳נ Ezek 32:25.
c. = be made, בֶּןאָֿדָם חָצִיר יִנָּתֵן Isa 51:12.
d. = be inflicted, of blemish (מוּם) Lev 24:20 (with בְּ person).

Hoph`al (or Qal passive Ges^{«GKC:53a»§ 53a}) Imperfect יֻתַּן 1Kgs 2:21+ 5 t. + 2Sam 21:6 Qr (Kt ינתן); וַיֻּתַּן 2Sam 18:9 —

1. a. be given, bestowed, absolute Num 26:54 with לְ person 2Kgs 5:17; Num 32:5 (אֶתֿ with accusative; both P); in exchange for (תַּ֫חַת) Job 28:15.
b. = be given to one (ל) for wife (ל) 1Kgs 2:21 (Abishag, אֶתֿ with accusative).
c. = be given, delivered, up to (ל) 2Sam 21:6.

2. be put upon (עַלֿ) Lev 11:38 (P); of Absalom ׳וַיֻּתַּן בֵּין הַשָּׁמַיִם וגו 2Sam 18:9, < וַיִּתָּל (√ תלה) ᵐ5 ᵑ6 We Dr (?), Klo Kit Bu HPS.

BDB9725 H5412 H5411 H5414

[נְתִינִין] noun masculine plural Nethinîn (probably loan-word from Biblical Hebrew נְתִינִים, √ נָתַן); — servants of sanctuary, emphatic נְתִינַיָּא Ezra 7:24.

BDB9726 H5414 H5415

[נְתַן] verb give (see Biblical Hebrew; ᵑ7 rare; Old Aramaic נתן, Imperfect ינתן, so Nabataean; Zinjirli, Palmyrene יתן; Egyptian Aramaic Imperfect אנתן, ינתן, etc., S-C^{Pap. A 7} +, plural suffix תנתנונה ib.^{J 9, Infinitive} למנתן S-C^{C 6, 9}+); —

Pe`al Imperfect 3 masculine singular יִנְתִּןֿ (K^{§ 42}) Dan 2:16, suffix יִתְּנִנַּהּ Dan 4:15 +; 2 masculine singular תִּנְתֵּן Ezra 7:20 3 masculine plural יִנְתְּנוּן Ezra 4:13 Infinitive לְמִנְתַּ֑ן Ezra 7:20 —

1. give, subject God, with suffix of thing + ל person, Dan 4:14; Dan 4:22; Dan 4:29.

2. of man, give, allow, accusative time, Dan 2:16.

3. give, pay, accusative of thing, Ezra 4:13; Ezra 7:20 (+ מִן of source), absolute vEzra 7:20.

give, gave, given, put, set, …

nātan

to give, used with greatest latitude of application (put, make, etc.)

to give, put, set

(Qal)

to give, bestow, grant, permit, ascribe, employ, devote, consecrate, dedicate, pay wages, sell, exchange, lend, commit, entrust, give over, deliver up, yield produce, occasion, produce, requite to, report, mention, utter, stretch out, extend

to be given, be bestowed, be provided, be entrusted to, be granted to, be permitted, be issued, be published, be uttered, be assigned

to be given, be bestowed, be given up, be delivered up

חָרְבָּה֙

Root word waste, places, wastes, desolation, desolations, …

Dictionary form: חׇרְבָּה · hore-BAW

Noun — Common, feminine singular, absolute state

In the KJV here: it desolate

waste ×5 wastes ×4 a desolation ×3 and the wastes ×2 laid waste ×2 the desolate places ×2 and the waste places ×1 and waste ×1

More options

ruin — Broad, natural modern term; fits most contexts well.

wasteland — Emphasizes barren, uninhabitable landscape.

desolate place — Highlights absence of people; modernized from KJV.

devastation — More abstract; suits contexts of widespread destruction.

rubble — Concrete; best when physical destruction of buildings is in view.

desert — Fits geographic or metaphorical emptiness; use with care.

BDB3093 H2723

חָרְבָּה noun feminine waste, desolation, ruin; — absolute ׳ח Lev 26:31 + 15 t. + Ezek 38:8 (strike out ᵑ6 Co) + Ezek 38:12 חרבה ᵐ5 Co for חרבות; plural חֳרָבוֺת Ps 9:7 + 11 t. (Ezek 38:12, compare above); construct חָרְבוֺת Isa 5:17 + 7 t.; suffix חָרְבֹתַיִךְ Isa 49:19 חָרְבֹתָיו Ezra 9:9 חָרְבֹתֶיהָ Isa 51:3 חָרְבוֺתֶיהָ Isa 44:26 חָרְבוֺתֵיהֶם Ps 109:10 + 2Chr 34:6 (compare חֶרֶב and below); (chiefly mid. and late Hebrew Isa² 8 t.; Jer 10 t., Ezek 14 t. — including Ezek 38:8, q. strike out Co); —

1. waste, ruin, of cities of Israel Lev 26:31; Lev 26:33 (H); Judah Isa 44:26; Isa 49:19 (|| שֹׁמְמֹת), Isa 58:12 (בנה), Jer 25:18; Jer 27:17; Jer 44:2; Jer 44:6; Ezek 5:14 ruins of Jerusalem Isa 52:9; Dan 9:2 also Ezek 35:4 compare Mal 1:4 (with בנה), Ezek 36:10 (with בנה) vEzek 36:33 (id.); Egypt Ezek 29:9; Ezek 29:10 (in both || שְׁמָמָה; חרבות חֹרֶב in vEzek 29:10); ruin of temple Ezra 9:9 = ruined dwellings Ps 109:10 compare 2Chr 34:6, where read perhaps בְּחָרְבֹתֵיהֶם for בּחר בתיהם (see חֶרֶב below III. חרב); Jer 22:5 in general ruins (si vera 1., see Di; object of בנה) Job 3:14 ׳כוס ח Ps 102:7 an owl of a ruin.

2. of land: waste place amid ruins Isa 5:17, compare Isa 51:3 (|| מִדְבָּר, עֲרָבָה); land a desolation Jer 7:34; Jer 44:22; Ezek 25:13 (Edom) Jer 25:11; Isa 64:10 and Ezek 33:24; Ezek 33:27 (of Judah), compare Ezek 13:4, ׳כְשֻׁעָלִים בח simile of the prophets; הַשֹּׁמֵמוֺת ׳הח Ezek 36:4 (of Israel); of desolation of enemies of Israel Ps 9:7 (לָנֶ֫צַח ׳ח); עולם ׳ח = old ruins Isa 61:4 (with בנה); elsewhere perpetual ruin, desolation Jer 25:9; Jer 49:13 (cities of Bosra); מעולם ׳ה Ezek 26:20 (simile of Tyre).

waste, places, wastes, desolation, desolations, …

ḥorbâ

properly, drought, i.e., (by implication) a desolation

a place laid waste, ruin, waste, desolation

מִ תֵּימָ֔ן

מִ

Prefix — preposition from, out of

תֵּימָ֔ן

Root word a name — transliterate it ("From teman")

Dictionary form: תֵּימָן · tay-MAWN

Noun — Proper Name

In the KJV here: from teman

teman ×5 from teman ×2 in teman ×1 men o teman ×1 of teman ×1 upon teman ×1

More options

Teman — Standard proper-noun rendering; use for the place or person.

the south — Literal directional meaning; suits poetic or geographic contexts.

the Temanite region — Clarifies geographic scope when referencing the area.

the south country — Plain modern rendering of the directional sense in narrative.

BDB3579 H8487

II. תֵּימָן proper name (masculine and) of a location a northern district of Edom, poetic often = Edom Amos 1:12 (|| אֱדוֺם vAmos 1:11, and בָּצְרָה), Obad 1:9 (|| הַרעֵֿשָׂו), Jer 49:7; Jer 49:20; Ezek 25:13 (all || אֱדוֺם); Hab 3:3 (|| הַרפָּֿארָן); probably also Josh 12:3; Josh 13:4 (both D); in Gen 3:6 (P) as name of an Edomite chief, son of אֱלִיפַז and grandson of Esau vGen 3:11 = 1Chr 1:36 v1Chr 1:42 = 1Chr 1:53 so תֵּו֯מָן Gen 36:15. — See further Buhl^{Edomiter 30}.

teman

têmān

south

Teman, the name of two Edomites, and of the region and descendant of one of them

(n pr m) son of Eliphaz, grandson of Esau, and one of the dukes of Edom

וּ דְדָ֖נֶ ה

וּ

Prefix — connector and (sometimes: but, so, then)

דְדָ֖נֶ

Root word a name — transliterate it ("And they of dedan")

ה

Suffix — direction direction — "to / toward ___"

Dictionary form: דְּדָן · deh-DAWN

Noun — Proper Name

In the KJV here: and they of dedan

and dedan ×4 dedan ×4 of dedan ×2 and they of dedan ×1

More options

Dedan — Standard modern rendering of this proper name.

the people of Dedan — Use when the text refers to inhabitants collectively.

the Dedanites — Ethnic/gentilic form; suits references to the tribal group.

BDB1851 H1719

דְּדָן proper name, of a location & a people; — ׳ד Gen 10:7 + 8 t. + Ezek 27:20 (but see below) with ה locative דְּדָ֫נֶה Ezek 25:13 compare Ges^{«GKC:90»§ 90}, 2 near the end; —

1. under figure of son of רַעֲמָה and grandson of כּוּשׁ (see these arts.) Gen 10:7 (brother of שְׁבָא) = 1Chr 1:9; Ezek 27:20 compare ׳בְּנֵי ד vEzek 27:15 (but read here perhaps רדן ᵐ5 υιὁὶ Ῥοδίων, compare Sta^{De Pop. Javan. 11}, also ᵑ6 Co; see below דֹּדָנִים below) compare also Ezek 38:13, ׳שְׁבָא וּד; south-Arabian tribe on Persian Gulf, = Sabean בנו דדן according to DHM^{ZMG 1876, 122; Sab. Denkm. 28 (dubit. Mordt)}; but in northwest of Arabian peninsula, Glaser^{Skizze ii. 391 ff.}; perhaps originally further south compare Di Gen 10:7.

2. as son of יָקְשָׁן father of אַשּׁוּרִם etc., Gen 25:3 (twice in verse) (here also brother of שְׁבָא) = 1Chr 1:32; Jer 25:23; Jer 49:8 ׳ישְׁבֵי ד. This is apparently a northern branch of 1, compare Di Gen 25:3. — On דדן in MI^31,31 compare Sm & So^{MI p. 29} Nö^{LCB Jan. 8, 1887} ClGann^{JAssyrian Jan. 1887. 107}.

דְּדָ֫נֶה see דְּדָןָ.

BDB7773 H1719 H1721

רֹדָן proper name, of a location or a people Rhodes, Rhodians, so read, ׳בְּנֵי ר Ezek 27:15 (for ᵑ0 בְּנֵי דְּדָן, see ׳ד 1), ᵐ5 Sta Co Berthol Toy Krae.

dedan

dĕdān

low country

Dedan, the name of two Cushites and of their territory

(n pr m) the son of Raamah and grandson of Cush. A son of Jokshan and grandson of Keturah

בַּ חֶ֥רֶב

בַּ

Prefix — preposition in, at, by, with + "the" (the article is absorbed into the prefix)

חֶ֥רֶב

Root word sword, swords, dagger, knives, knife, …

Dictionary form: חֶרֶב · heh-REB

בַּ

Hidden "the" בַּ = the preposition + the article הַ squeezed together: the "a" vowel under the prefix is the swallowed "the". Translate "in the ___".

Noun — Common, feminine singular, absolute state

In the KJV here: by the sword

by the sword ×59 the sword ×55 of the sword ×46 with the sword ×37 sword ×30 a sword ×25 his sword ×12 and the sword ×10

More options

sword — Standard rendering; best for military and judicial contexts.

blade — Vivid, poetic alternative emphasizing the cutting edge.

dagger — Prefer when a shorter, personal weapon is implied.

knife — Use for domestic or ritual cutting tools, not battle.

weapon — Broad; good when the specific implement is secondary.

slaughter — Metonymic; fits idioms like 'fall to the sword'.

BDB3095 H2719

חֶ֫רֶב₄₁₁ noun feminine^{Isa 21:15} sword (as weapon; Aramaic חַרְבָּא, , Zinjirli חרב; Arabic dart, javelin) — absolute חֶ֫רֶב Gen 3:24 +; חָ֑רֶב Exod 17:13 +; construct חֶ֫רֶב Deut 33:29 +; suffix חַרְבִּי Exod 15:9 + 13 t.; חַרְבְּךָ Gen 27:40 + 7 t.; חֵרְבֶּ֑ךָ 1Sam 17:33; Ps 17:13 חַרְבּוֺ Num 22:23 + 24 t.; חַרְבְּכֶם Jer 2:30; Ezek 33:26 חַרְבָּם Ps 37:15; Ps 44:4 plural חֲרָבוֺת Isa 21:15 + 5 t.; construct חַרְבוֺת Josh 5:2 + 2 t.; suffix חַרְבוֺתָיו Ezek 26:9 חַרְבוֺתָם Isa 2:4 + 5 t.; חַרְבֹתֵיהֶם Mic 4:3 + 2 t.; —

1. a. sword, as weapon of war Gen 48:22 (E), Judg 7:14; Judg 7:20; 1Sam 21:9, and so in all periods; two-edged (short) sword וְלָהּ שְׁנֵי פֵיוֺ֖ת גֹּמֶד אָרְכָּהּ ׳ח Judg 3:16, compare פִּיּוֺת ׳ח Prov 5:4 (in simile), פִּיפִיּוֺת ׳ח Ps 149:6 see also ׳צוּר ח edge of sword Ps 89:44.
b. gird on sword = ׳חָגַר הח 1Sam 17:39; 1Sam 25:13 (3 t. in verse); Ps 45:4 (׳הח ׳ח עַל יָרֵך), שִׂים על ירך Exod 32:27, compare especially 2Sam 20:8.
c. draw the sword ׳הֵרִיק הח Exod 15:9; Lev 26:33; Ezek 5:2; Ezek 5:12; Ezek 12:14; Ezek 28:7, ׳הוציא הח Ezek 21:8; Ezek 21:10, ׳פתח הח Ps 37:14; Ezek 21:33, נטשׁ Isa 21:15 (Gr Che לטשׁ see below); usually ׳שׁלף הח Num 22:23; Num 22:31; Josh 5:13; Judg 3:22; Judg 8:10; Judg 8:20; Judg 9:54; 1Sam 17:51; 1Sam 31:4 = 1Chr 10:4; 1Chr 21:16, and as characteristic of warriors ׳שֹׁלֵף ח Judg 20:2; Judg 20:15; Judg 20:17; Judg 20:25; Judg 20:35; Judg 20:46; 2Sam 24:9; 2Kgs 3:26; 1Chr 21:5 (twice in verse); ׳וַתִּדְבַּק יָדוֺ אֶלהַֿח 2Sam 23:10, insert also in || 1Chr 11:13 (Dr).
d. whet, sharpen the sword ׳לטשׁ הח Ps 7:13 (compare Isa 21:15 above), but also שׁנן Deut 32:41 compare Ps 64:4, הוּחַדָּה Ezek 21:14; Ezek 21:16.
e. put up the sword into the sheath אֶלנְֿדָנָהּ ׳הֵשִׁיב הח 1Chr 21:27 (sheath of sword is elsewhere תַּעַר 1Sam 7:51; 2Sam 20:8; Jer 47:6; Ezek 21:8). feminine slay with sword הרג ׳בח Josh 10:11; Josh 13:22 +; in ימותו אנשׁים 1Sam 2:33, insert בְּחֶרֶב before אנשׁים ᵐ5 We Dr; rarely ׳הכה בח Josh 11:10; 2Kgs 19:37 = Isa 37:38 very often ׳הִכָּה לְפִיחֿ smite according to the mouth of the sword i.e. as the sword can devour (2Sam 2:26; 2Sam 11:25) = without quarter Num 21:24 (E) Deut 13:16 a Deut 20:13; Josh 11:11; Josh 11:12; Josh 11:14 (all D) Judg 18:27; Judg 21:10; 1Kgs 10:25; Job 1:15; Job 1:17 also with העיר as sole object Josh 8:24; Josh 10:28; Josh 10:30; Josh 10:32; Josh 10:35; Josh 10:37, compare vJosh 10:39; Josh 19:47; Judg 1:8; Judg 1:25; Judg 20:37; 1Sam 22:19 (twice in verse); 2Sam 15:14 ׳הרג לפיחֿ Gen 34:26 (J); ׳החרים לפיחֿ Deut 13:16b (including הָעִיר in object), Josh 6:21; 1Sam 15:8, ׳חלשׁ לפיחֿ Exod 17:13 (E); ׳נפל לפיחֿ Josh 8:24; Judg 4:16 ׳ל֗֗֗פיחֿ׳וַיָּהָם י Judg 4:15 — (׳לפיחֿ is chiefly in Joshua and Judges (21 t.), in Hexateuch only J E D; but Job post-exilic).
g. ׳אכלה הח etc., of the sword as devouring: — תּאֹכֵל חַרְבִּי בָשָׂר Deut 32:42 (poetry), 2Sam 2:26; 2Sam 11:25; 2Sam 18:8; Isa 1:10; Jer 2:30; Jer 46:10; Jer 46:14; Nah 2:14.
h. slain by sword is ׳חֲלַלחִֿ Num 19:16 (P) and frequently Ezekiel, ׳חַלְלֵיחֿ Ezek 31:17; Ezek 31:18; Ezek 32:21; Ezek 32:25; Ezek 32:28; Ezek 32:29; Ezek 32:30; Ezek 32:32; Ezek 35:8 ׳מְחֻלְלֵי ח vEzek 35:26 < Co ׳חלליחֿ (on text of Ezek 32:20; Ezek 32:22; Ezek 32:31 see Co).
i. ׳שְׁבֻיוֺת ח Gen 31:26 are captives of (taken by) sword.
j. sword frequently agent of ׳י Judg 7:20; Isa 34:6; Jer 12:12; Jer 47:6 etc., — so Deut 28:22, but read חֹרֶב see below I. חרב (compare on other hand 1Sam 17:47); note especially Gen 3:24 ׳לַהַט הח הַמִּתְהַפֶּכֶת; in poetry ׳לַהַכ ח Nah 3:3, ׳בְּרַק ח Deut 32:41.
k. ׳ח figurative of tongue Ps 57:5 compare Ps 59:8 figurative of violence war, etc., Gen 27:40 in simile Prov 5:4 (of grievous end of dealings with strange women).

2. knife צֻרִים ׳ח flint knives for use in circumcision Josh 5:2; Josh 5:3 (see We^{Skizzen iii, 166}); Ezek 5:1; Ezek 5:2 חַדָּה תַּעַר ׳ח הַגַּלָּבִים (according to Co use of sword as razor is significant).

3. of tools used in hewing stone חַרְבְּךָ הֵנַפְתָּ עליה Exod 20:25 ׳יִתֹּץ בח Ezek 26:9, according to most = tools, axes, 'steel' (Co ' Eisen '), but possibly swords as implement ready to hand; 2Chr 34:6 Qr בְּחַרְבֹתֵיהֶם with their tools; read perhaps בְּחָרְבֹתֵיהֶם in their ruins, Be, who compare Ps 109:10 see חָרְבָּה below II. חרב (ᵐ5 ᵑ9 omit חרב).

sword, swords, dagger, knives, knife, …

ḥereb

drought; also a cutting instrument (from its destructive effect), as a knife, sword, or other sharp implement

sword, knife

sword

יִפֹּֽלוּ

Root word fall, fell, fallen, down, cast, …

Dictionary form: נָפַל · naw-PAHL

Verb — Qal, Imperfect (Yiqtol), third person masculine plural simple action — "he did" not-yet-complete action — try "he will ___" or "he ___s" the built-in subject is "they"

In the KJV here: shall fall

shall fall ×42 fell ×33 fall ×27 fallen ×16 and fell ×15 and fall ×14 is fallen ×11 are fallen ×8

More options

fall — Core, neutral rendering; works in most contexts.

collapse — Prefer when sudden or total structural/physical failure implied.

drop — Good for quick, uncontrolled downward motion.

be defeated — Use when military overthrow or conquest is the sense.

perish — Fits contexts of death or destruction of people or nations.

cast down — Suitable for deliberate or forceful throwing to the ground.

BDB5297 H5307

נָפַל₄₃₃ verb fall, lie (Late Hebrew = Biblical Hebrew, ᵑ7 נְפַל, Syriac ; compare also Arabic dedit praedam (Nö^{ZMG xl (1886), 725} Frä^{153 f.}), Minaean נפל remove Hom^{Sudar. Chrest. 128}); —

Qal₃₆₆ Perfect ׳נ Judg 5:27 +, 3 feminine singular נָָֽפְלָה Gen 15:12 +, etc.; Imperfect יִפֹּל 1Sam 14:45 +, וַיִּפֹּל Judg 4:16 +; 1 singular אֶפֹּל 1Chr 21:13 (needless change from 1 plural נִפְּלָה || 2Sam 24:14 We Dr); 3 masculine plural יִפְּלוּ Hos 7:16 +, יִפֹּ֑לוּ Isa 3:25 +, 3 feminine plural תִּפֹּ֫לְנָה Ezek 13:11; Ezek 30:25, etc.; Imperative masculine plural נִפְלוּ Hos 10:8; Jer 25:27 Infinitive absolute נָפוֺל Esth 6:13 construct נְפֹל Isa 30:25 +; לִנְפֹּל Jer 51:49 +; suffix נָפְלוֺ 1Sam 29:3, נִפְלוֺ 2Sam 1:10, נִפְלָם Jer 49:21 (on these forms compare Ba^{NB 104}); Participle נֹפֵל Judg 4:22 +; feminine נֹפֶ֫לֶת Gen 15:12 +; plural נֹפְלִים Josh 8:25 + (insert also 1Sam 28:19b ᵐ5 Th We Dr Kit Bu HPS; Klo כֹּרְעִים), etc.; —

1. fall, by accident, שָֿׁ֫מָּה׳וְנ Exod 21:33 (E) and there fall into it (a pit) an ox or an ass, compare Deut 22:4 (בַּדֶּרֶךְ, on the way),bird עַלפַּֿח Amos 3:5 subject person, 1Sam 4:18 (from seat, מֵעַל), Deut 22:8 (twice in verse) (from roof, מִן); often into (ב) pit (usually figurative) Prov 26:27; Prov 28:10, also (absolute), Prov 22:14, Eccl 10:8; Ps 7:16; Ps 57:7 (בְּתוֺךְ), compare Ps 35:8; Ps 141:10 (net), also, with אֶל, Isa 24:18 = Jer 48:44 fall בְּלֵב יַמִּים Ezek 25:27 opposed to קוּם Jer 8:4 compare Eccl 4:10 (twice in verse); with אָחוֺר fall backward Gen 49:17 (poem); with בְּעַד through 2Kgs 1:2 compare (of locusts) Joel 2:8 עַלחֶֿרֶב ׳נ causing death 1Sam 31:4; 1Sam 31:5 = 1Chr 10:4; 1Chr 10:5 עַלפָּֿנָיו אַ֫רְצָה ׳נ 1Sam 17:49 (Goliath); subject thing, 2Kgs 2:13; 2Kgs 2:14 (מֵעַל), 2Kgs 6:5 (אֶלֿ into water), v2Kgs 6:6 (absolute); with עַל Lev 11:32; Lev 11:35; Lev 11:37; Lev 11:38, אֶלֿ vLev 11:33 absolute of tent Judg 7:13 + vJudg 7:13 (gloss, GFM, Bu); of wall Josh 6:5 (JE), Jer 51:44, figurative Ezek 13:11 (strike out ᵐ5 ᵑ6 Sm Co Berthol), vEzek 13:12 vEzek 13:14, לְאֶרֶץ Ezek 38:20 + תַּחְתֶּיהָ i.e. flat Josh 6:20 ׳נ of bricks Isa 9:9 (in figurative), פֶּרֶץ Isa 30:13 towes vIsa 30:25, foundations Jer 50:15 wall fell upon (על) 1Kgs 20:30, so of house Judg 16:30; Job 1:19, mountains Hos 10:8 mountain also absolute Job 14:18 (compare נָבֵל), height Ezek 38:20 tree Eccl 11:3 (twice in verse) (ב location), compare Isa 10:34 (בְ instrumental, in figure), Zech 11:2 (absolute); branches Ezek 31:12 (figurative); a grain Amos 9:9 (אֶרֶץ = to earth); of dew 2Sam 17:12 (with על), hailstones Ezek 13:11 blood (אַ֫רְצָה) 1Sam 26:20 hair of head (ארצה) 1Sam 14:45; 2Sam 14:11; 1Kgs 1:52 horns of altar Amos 3:14 (לָאָרֶץ); peg Isa 22:25 fruit עַלפֶּֿה Nah 3:12 crown Lam 5:16 arm from (מִן) shoulder Job 31:22 of sword (apparently) 2Sam 20:8 (but on text see Commentaries); fire from heaven, absolute 1Kgs 18:38 with מִן Job 1:16 ; hand of ׳י Ezek 8:1 (with עַלֿ; but read וַתְּהִי ᵐ5 Co Berthol); spirit of ׳י Ezek 11:5 (עַלֿ); of lot (גּוֺרָל) Ezek 24:6; Jonah 1:7 (both with עַל), 1Chr 26:14 (with לְ; || יָצָא), + Esth 3:7 ᵐ5 Ry Wild (עַל); compare Hiph`il 3; hence (of share, inheritance) fall, be allotted, to (לְ) Judg 18:1 (ב = as: בְּ 17 c; so Num 34:2; Ezek 47:14), Ps 16:6, absolute Josh 17:5. — On Ezek 47:22b see

Hiph`il 3.

2. a. Especially of violent death (c. 96 t.), Judg 5:27 (3 t. in verse) (+ שָׁדוּד), 1Sam 4:10; 1Sam 14:13; 2Sam 11:17; 2Sam 21:9; 1Kgs 22:20 = 2Chr 18:9, etc.; + וַיָּמָת, etc.; 2Sam 1:4; 2Sam 2:23 (twice in verse); חָלָל ׳נ fall pierced (fatally) Judg 9:40; 1Sam 17:52; 1Sam 31:1 = 1Chr 10:1 +; חַלְלֵי חֶרֶב Ezek 35:8 compare בְּתוֺח חֲלָלִים Ezek 32:20 תַּחַת הֲרוּגִים ׳נ Isa 10:4 פְּגָרִים ׳נ corpses fall Jer 9:21; Num 14:29 (P), vNum 14:32 (JE); by the sword, בַּחֶרֶב Amos 7:17; Hos 7:16; Hos 14:1; Isa 3:25; 2Sam 1:12; Ezek 5:12; Ezek 6:11; Num 14:3; Num 14:43 (JE), (+ בָּרָעָב, בַּדֶּבֶר), etc.; לְפִי חֶרֶב ׳נ Josh 8:24 (JE), Judg 4:16 ; בְּיַד by the hand of 2Sam 21:22; 2Sam 24:14 (twice in verse) = 1Chr 21:13 (twice in verse), 1Chr 5:10; 1Chr 20:8 ; תַּחַת רגליִ ׳נ fall under my feet 2Sam 22:39 = Ps 18:39.
b. figurative = go to ruin, perish, etc. (c. 30 t.); Amos 5:2; Amos 8:14 +; often || כָּשַׁל Isa 3:8; Isa 8:15 (+ other words), Isa 31:3; Jer 8:12; Jer 46:12; Jer 50:32; Ps 27:2; Prov 24:17 || כָּרַע Ps 20:9 figurative of earth Isa 24:20 (opposed to קוּם), Haman falls before (לִפְנֵי) Mordecai Esth 6:13 (twice in verse); compare Isa 14:12 (absolute); peculiar to Prov are בְּרִשְׁעָה ׳נ Prov 11:5, בְּרַע Prov 13:17, בְּרָעָה Prov 17:20; Prov 28:14.
c. figurative = experience calamity Mic 7:8 (opposed to קוּם), Ps 37:34; Ps 145:14; Prov 24:16.
d. fall, of a city Jer 51:8 (|| וַתִּשָּׁבֵר).

3. a. Fall prostrate, Judg 19:26; Judg 19:27, + אַ֫רְצָה Job 1:20 fall at full length (in a faint) וַיִּפֹּל מְלֹאֿ קוֺמָתוֺ 1Sam 28:20 sink down Num 24:4; Num 24:16 (J E; supernatural influence); of arms of Pharaoh Ezek 30:25 (opposed to חָזַק).
b. fall = prostrate oneself before (לִפְנֵי) man Gen 50:18 (E), 2Sam 19:19; Gen 44:14 (J; + אַ֫רְצָה); before ׳י 2Chr 20:18 אֶלפָּֿנָיו אַ֫רְצָה ׳נ before ׳י or his representative Josh 5:14; Josh 7:6 (both J E); also (ארצה omitted) Ezek 43:3; Ezek 44:4 before man 2Sam 14:22 more often עַלפָּֿנָיו ׳נ, before man 2Sam 9:6; 1Kgs 18:7; 1Kgs 18:39; Ruth 2:10, before ׳י Gen 17:3; Gen 17:17 + 6 t. P, Ezek 3:23; Ezek 9:8; Ezek 11:13; 1Chr 21:16; Dan 8:17 + אַ֫רְפָה, before man 2Sam 14:4, before ׳י Judg 13:20 לְאַפָּיו אַ֫רְצָה 1Sam 20:41, לְאַפֵּי דָוִד עַלפָּֿנֶיהָ 1Sam 25:23, ארצה ׳נ 2Sam 1:2 (all before man); עַלרַֿגְלָיו ׳נ fall at one's feet 1Sam 25:24; 2Kgs 4:37, ׳לִפְנֵי ר Esth 8:3. See synonym below קדד.
c. fall upon (עַל) one's neck, in embrace Gen 33:4; Gen 46:29 (both J), Gen 45:14 (E), עַלפְּֿנֵי אָבִיו Gen 50:1 (J).

4. a. Fall upon (עַל) = attack Jer 48:32 (figurative), compare Isa 16:9 with בְּ Josh 11:7 (D), absolute Job 1:15 אִישׁ אֶלרֵֿעֵהוּ ׳נ Jer 46:16.
b. desert or fall away to, go over to, with עַלֿ 2Kgs 25:11 (twice in verse) = Jer 52:15 (twice in verse), Jer 21:9; Jer 37:14; Jer 39:9; 1Chr 12:20; 1Chr 12:21 (twice in verse) (van d. H. v.1Chr 12:19 v.1Chr 12:20 v.1Chr 12:20), 2Chr 15:9, with אֶלֿ 2Kgs 7:4; Jer 37:13; Jer 38:19, absolute 1Sam 29:3; Jer 39:9.
c. בְּיַד ׳נ fall into the hand (power) of Judg 15:18; Lam 1:7: — compare also

2. a. above

5. Figurative, of deep sleep, with עַל Gen 15:12 (J), 1Sam 26:12; Job 4:13; Job 33:15 face, countenance (in displeasure) Gen 4:5; Gen 4:6 (J); לֵב אָדָם עָלָיו ׳נ 1Sam 17:32 (of sinking heart); וַיִּפְּלוּ בְעֵינֵיהֶם) Neh 6:16 and they were cast down in their (own) eyes (compare BeRy, Ryle); of calamity followed by עַלֿ Isa 47:11; Eccl 9:12 terror, etc., followed by עַלֿ Gen 15:12 (J), Josh 2:9 (JE), Exod 15:16 (song), 1Sam 11:7; Job 13:11; Ps 55:5; Ps 105:38; Esth 8:17; Esth 9:2; Esth 9:3; Dan 10:7 reproach, followed by עַלֿ Ps 69:10 = fail to be accomplished Josh 21:43; Josh 23:14 (twice in verse) (all D), 1Kgs 8:56; 2Kgs 10:10 (+ אַ֫רְצָה); = not to be reckoned Num 6:12 (P); of word (דָּבָר) falling into (ב) Israel Isa 9:7 = fall out, turn out, result Ruth 3:18 (subject דָּבָר).

6. Other idiomatic uses are: לְמִשְׁכָּב ׳נ take to one's bed Exod 21:18 (E); settle Gen 25:18 (J); = alight quickly, מֵעַל הַגָּמָל Gen 24:64 (J), מֵעַל הַמֶּרְכָּבָה 2Kgs 5:21 waste away Num 5:21; Num 5:22; Num 5:27 = be born Isa 26:18 (compare Hiph`il vIsa 26:19); = be offered, of supplication (׳לִפְנֵי י) Jer 36:7; Jer 37:20; Jer 42:2 (compare Hiph`il 6); with מִן = be inferior to Job 12:3; Job 13:2.

7. = lie, of Midianites, etc. (like locusts; ב location) Judg 9:12 = lie prostrate, 1Sam 19:24 usually participle Josh 7:10 (J E; עַלפָּֿנֶיךָ), 1Sam 5:3; 1Sam 5:4 (לְפָנָיו), Amos 9:11, עַלהַֿמִּטָּה Esth 7:8 of the dead 1Sam 31:8 = 1Chr 10:8; Deut 21:1; Ezek 32:27 (Co conjecture נְפִילִים [compare Gen 6:4], see also Berthol Toy^Hpt); נֹפֵל אַ֫רְצָה מֵת Judg 3:25 compare Judg 4:22 (omit ארצה); אַ֫רְצָה ׳פְּגָרִים נ 2Chr 20:24 compare also Ezek 32:22; Ezek 32:23; Ezek 32:24 (strike out in vEzek 32:22 Hi Co Berthol, in vEzek 32:23 Toy^Hpt). Hiph`il Perfect הִפִּיל 1Sam 3:19 +; 2 masculine singular suffix הִפַּלְתָּם Ps 73:18 3 plural הִפִּילוּ Judg 2:19 +; 1 plural הִפַּלְנוּ Neh 10:35, etc.; Imperfect יַפִּיל Exod 21:27, וַיַּפֵּל Gen 2:21 +, suffix יַפִּלֵם Ps 140:11 3 masculine plural יַפִּילוּ 2Kgs 3:25; Ps 22:19, יַפִּיל֑וּן Job 29:24, etc.; Imperative masculine singular suffix הַפִּלֶהָ Josh 13:6 masculine plural הַפִּילוּ 1Sam 14:42 Infinitive construct לְהַפִּיל 1Sam 18:25 +; לַנְפִּל Num 5:22 read לִנְפֹּל (Di Ol^{§ 78 c} Sta^{§ 114 a, 2} Kö^{i. 309} Ges^{«GKC:66»§ 66}, 2 R 1); Participle מַפִּיל 2Kgs 6:5 + 2 t., plural מַפִּילִים Dan 9:18 —

1. cause to fall, with accusative, literally:
a. fell tree 2Kgs 3:19; 2Kgs 3:25 compare 2Kgs 6:5.
b. throw down wall 2Sam 20:15.
c. knock out tooth Exod 21:27 (E).
d. lay prostrate Deut 25:2 (for bastinado).
e. cast (cedar pillars) into (עַלֿ) fire Jer 22:7 so (with ב), wicked men Ps 140:11. feminine make sword drop from (מִן) hand Ezek 30:22 (figurative), compare Ezek 39:3.
g. cause stone to fall עַל Num 35:23, flesh Ps 78:28 (בְּקֶרֶב), stars Dan 8:10 (in vision).

2. Of causing death בַּחֶרֶב 2Kgs 19:7 = Isa 37:7; Jer 19:7; Ezek 32:12 (all ׳י subject), 2Chr 32:21 (human subject); בְּיַד 1Sam 18:25 + חֲלָלִים Ezek 6:4; Prov 7:26 also Ps 106:26; Dan 11:12 = overthrow, bring to destruction, Ps 37:14; Ps 73:18 (with ל), Ps 106:27.

3. Especially of casting lot (גּוֺרָל), Isa 34:17 (with לְ for), Neh 10:35 (with עַל + infinitive), Neh 11:1 (c. infinitive), 1Chr 26:14 (with לְ; so read Kit^Hpt compare ᵐ5 ᵑ9 Be Öttli), Ps 22:19 (with עַל), Esth 9:24 (c. infinitive); absolute Jonah 1:7 (twice in verse); 1Chr 24:31; 1Chr 25:8; 1Chr 26:13; Esth 3:7 + בְּתוֺכֵנוּ Prov 1:14 (i.e. share with us); omitted גּוֺרָל 1Sam 14:32 (with בֵּין), Job 6:27 (with עַל); hence ׳הִפּ = assign, apportion, by lot, usually with לְ person, Josh 13:6; Josh 23:4 (both D), Ezek 45:1; Ezek 47:22 a = vEzek 47:22 b (read יַפִּילוּ ᵑ9 ᵑ7 Hi-Sm Co Berthol), Ezek 48:29 (read בְנַחֲלָה for ׳מנ ᵐ5 ᵑ9 Hi-Sm, etc.), Ps 78:55 (compare Qal 1 end; and בְּ 17 c).

4. Figurative, let drop, cause to fail (cf Qal 5), Judg 2:19; Esth 6:10, + אַ֫רְצָה 1Sam 3:19.

5. Cause deep sleep to fall (עַלֿ) Gen 2:21 (J), Prov 19:15 (absolute), make countenance fall, look displeased at (ב), Jer 3:12, compare Job 29:24 (object אוֺר פָּנַי); cause terror, etc., to fall (עַלֿ) Jer 15:8.

6. Other idioms are: bring to life (properly drop young) Isa 26:19 (figurative); present supplication Jer 38:26; Jer 42:9; Dan 9:18; Dan 9:20 (all with לִפְנֵי); — on both compare

Qal 6. Hithpa`el throw, or prostrate oneself,

1. Infinitive construct הִתְנַפֵּל throw himself upon (על) Gen 43:18 (J; i.e. attack).

2. Perfect 1 singular הִתְנַפָּ֑לְתִּי Deut 9:25 Imperfect 1 singular וָאֶתְנַפַּל Deut 9:18; Deut 9:25 Participle מִתְנַפֵּל Ezra 10:1 — prostrate oneself and lie prostrate, ׳לִפְנֵי י. —

Pil`el. וְנִפְלַל Ezek 28:23, read וְנָפַל Hi-Sm Co Berthol.

BDB9713 H5307 H5308

נְפַל verb fall (see Biblical Hebrew); —

Pe`al Perfect 3 masculine singular ׳נ Dan 2:46 נְפַ֑ל Dan 4:28 3 masculine plural נְפַ֫לוּ Dan 3:23 + Dan 7:20 Kt (Qr 3 feminine plural נְפַ֫לָה, K^{§ 23, 2}); Imperfect 3 masculine singular יִפֵּל (K^{§ 42}) Dan 3:6 +; 2 masculine plural תִּפְּלוּן Dan 3:5; Dan 3:15 Participle plural נָֽפְלִין Dan 3:7 —

1. fall, עַלאַֿנְפּוֺהִי Dan 2:46 fall down and do homage Dan 3:5; Dan 3:6; Dan 3:7; Dan 3:10; Dan 3:11; Dan 3:15 ל location Dan 3:23 of voice, מִןשְֿׁמַיָּא Dan 4:28.

2. fall by violence Dan 7:20 (with קֳדָם).

3. יִפֵּל לָךְ Ezra 7:20 it shall fall to thee (thou shalt need) to give (compare Christian-Palestinian Aramaic, Schulth^{Lex. 126 and ZAW xxii (1902), 163}).

fall, fell, fallen, down, cast, …

nāpal

to fall, in a great variety of applications (intransitive or causative, literal or figurative)

to fall, lie, be cast down, fail

(Qal)

to fall

to cause to fall, fell, throw down, knock out, lay prostrate

to throw or prostrate oneself, throw oneself upon

Word Breakdown

Vowels & Accents

Grammar R/D

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Brown-Driver-Briggs (BDB)

Strong's Definition H3651

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Grammar D

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Brown-Driver-Briggs (BDB)

Strong's Definition H3541

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Grammar Vqp3ms

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Brown-Driver-Briggs (BDB)

Strong's Definition H559

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Vowels & Accents

Grammar Ncmpc/Sp1cs

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Brown-Driver-Briggs (BDB)

Strong's Definition H136

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Vowels & Accents

Grammar Np

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Brown-Driver-Briggs (BDB)

Strong's Definition H3069

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Grammar C/Vqq1cs

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Brown-Driver-Briggs (BDB)

Strong's Definition H5186

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Vowels & Accents

Grammar Ncbsc/Sp1cs

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Brown-Driver-Briggs (BDB)

Strong's Definition H3027

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Vowels & Accents

Grammar R

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Brown-Driver-Briggs (BDB)

Strong's Definition H5921

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Vowels & Accents

Grammar Np

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Brown-Driver-Briggs (BDB)

Strong's Definition H123

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Vowels & Accents

Grammar C/Vhq1cs

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Brown-Driver-Briggs (BDB)

Strong's Definition H3772

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Vowels & Accents

Grammar R/Sp3fs

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Brown-Driver-Briggs (BDB)

Strong's Definition H4480

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Vowels & Accents

Grammar Ncmsa

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Brown-Driver-Briggs (BDB)

Strong's Definition H120

Word Breakdown

Vowels & Accents

Grammar C/Ncfsa

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