Ezekiel 45:12 — Hebrew Word by Word

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Word Parts

וְ הַ שֶּׁ֖קֶל

וְ

Prefix — connector and (sometimes: but, so, then)

הַ

Prefix — article the

שֶּׁ֖קֶל

Root word shekels, shekel

Dictionary form: שֶׁקֶל · sheh-KEL

Vowels & Accents

Hebrew Alephbet

Grammar C/Td/Ncmsa

Noun — Common, masculine singular, absolute state

וְ	Speech Conjunction
הַ	Speech Particle Type Definite Article
שֶּׁקֶל	Speech Noun Type Common Gender Masculine Number Singular State Absolute

In English

In the KJV here: and the shekel

shekels ×45 after the shekel ×21 a shekel ×4 for a shekel ×4 shekels after the shekel ×3 and the shekel ×2 of a shekel ×2 according to the shekel ×1

More options

shekel — Standard modern rendering; best for most contexts.

silver shekel — Clarifies the metal when context is monetary exchange.

unit of weight — Use when the shekel functions as a measure, not currency.

coin — Accessible for general audiences; risks anachronism.

standard weight — Highlights the shekel's role as a regulated measure.

monetary unit — Neutral, modern; good in economic or legal passages.

Brown-Driver-Briggs (BDB)

BDB10013 H8255 H8625 H4484

תְּקֵל noun [masculine] shekel (see Biblical Hebrew שֶׁקֶל; ᵑ7 תִּקְלָא); — absolute ׳ת Dan 5:25; Dan 5:27 see מְנֵא and references

BDB9009 H8255

שֶׁ֫קֶל₈₇ noun masculine^{Lev 27:6} a weight, shekel (originally = weight; late Hebrew = coin GACooke^{Inscr. 356}); — absolute ׳שׁ Amos 8:5 +, שָׁ֑קֶל Exod 38:29 +; plural שְׁקָלִים Josh 7:21 +; construct שִׁקְלֵי 1Chr 21:25 — shekel, as standard weight Amos 8:5 of weight of bronze armour 1Sam 17:5, iron spear-head v1Sam 17:7, +2Sam 21:16b (see מִשְׁקָל), hair 2Sam 14:26, food Ezek 4:10 implying value, of wedge of gold Josh 7:21 (JE); of nails in temple (gold) 2Chr 3:9 usually a definite weight of silver (used in payment. or valuation) Exod 21:32 (E), Josh 7:21 (JE), 1Sam 9:8; 2Sam 24:24; 2Kgs 7:1 (twice in verse); 2Kgs 7:16 (twice in verse); 2Kgs 7:18 (twice in verse); 2Kgs 15:20; Jer 32:9; Ezek 45:12 (twice in verse) (see infra), and ( = coin, from time of Darius I) Neh 5:15; Neh 10:33; Lev 5:15; Lev 27:3; Lev 27:4; Lev 27:5 (twice in verse) (all P), +53 t. P; also ׳מַחֲצִית הַשּׁ Exod 30:13 (twice in verse); Exod 30:15; Exod 38:26 (= בֶּקַל), all half-shekel, atonement-money; compare ׳שְׁלִישִׁית הַשּׁ Neh 10:33 one-third; also ׳רֶבַע שׁ 1Sam 9:8 one-fourth if shekel; ׳שׁ = 20 גֵּרָה (׳ג otherwise unknown) Ezek 45:12; Exod 30:13; Lev 27:25; Num 3:47 50 ׳שׁ = one maneh Ezek 45:12 (read וַחֲמִשִּׁים for וחמשׁה [and עֶשְׂרֵה for עֲשָׂרָה preceding], ᵐ5^A Boeckh Hi-Sm Co Toy Da Krae Berthol); הַקֹּדֶשׁ ׳שׁ Exod 30:13; Exod 30:24; Lev 5:15; Num 3:47; Num 3:50; Num 7:13 + 21 t. P; land estimated in ׳שׁ of gold 1Chr 21:25 ׳שׂ also often omitted after number — ׳שׁ was of two standards, one one-half the other; actual weights (and values) varied, but most persistent were: (1) gold, 252 2/3 grams Troy (or 126 1/3), modern equivalent approximately £2 1 S., or $10; (2) silver, 224 1/2 grams (nearly 1/2 ounce) = הַקֹּדֶשׁ ׳שׁ (see above), or 112 1/4, modern equivalent approximately 2s. 9d., or 67 with; בְּאֶבֶן הַמֶּלֶךְ ׳שׁ 2Sam 14:26 is dubious; if late (Bu HPS Löhr Now) it probably reference to a Babylonian or Persian scale (compare S-C^pap באבני מלכא often); 60 (or 50) ׳שׁ = 1 mina, 60 minas= 1 talent(see מָנֶה ,כִּכָּר). See especially ARSK^{Hast. DB WEIGHTS AND MEASURES,and MONEY}.

Strong's Definition H8255

shekels, shekel

šeqel

probably a weight; used as a commercial standard

shekel

the chief unit of weight or measure

gold (1/10000 of a talent and equal to 220 grains)

Variations 14 forms of this word

Translations 14 English renderings

Shekel Money

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Word Parts

עֶשְׂרִ֣ים

Root word twenty, twentieth, twentys

Dictionary form: עֶשְׂרִים · es-REEM

Vowels & Accents

Hebrew Alephbet

Grammar Acbpa

Adjective — Cardinal Number, both plural, absolute state plural — usually add "-s"; a number (one, two, three, …)

עֶשְׂרִים

Speech Adjective Type Cardinal Number Gender Both Number Plural State Absolute

In English

In the KJV here: shall be twenty

and twenty ×87 twenty ×87 and twentieth ×27 from twenty ×24 were twenty ×17 was twenty ×15 of twenty ×8 in the twenty ×4

More options

twenty — Standard cardinal number; use in most contexts.

twentieth — Ordinal form; use for dates, ranks, or sequence.

twenty-fold — Use when multiplying or expressing magnitude.

score — Literary/poetic register; one score equals twenty.

Brown-Driver-Briggs (BDB)

BDB6439 H6230 H6242

עֵ֫שֶׂק proper name, of a well in southwest Palestine Gen 26:20 (explanation as contention); — locality unknown, ᵐ5 Ἀδικία.

BDB6441 H6235 H6242

עֶשֶׂר, עֲשָׂרָה₁₇₆ noun masculine and feminine ten (Late Hebrew = Biblical Hebrew; perhaps MI³³ עשרֿ; Phoenician עשר, עסר, עשרת, etc.; Arabic , ; Sabean עשר SabDenkm^{No. 11 b, l. 5, 6,} עשרת and compounds Hom^{Chrest. 48}; Ethiopic , ; Assyrian ešertu; ᵑ7 עֲסַר, עַסְרָא; עֲשַׂר, עַשְׂרָא; Syriac , ; Nabataean עשר, all = ten; Palmyrene עשרתא the Ten (rulers)); —

masculine (with noun feminine) עֶ֫שֶׂר 2Sam 15:16 + 53 t. (absolute and construct usually indistinguishable); עָ֑שֶׁר 1Kgs 7:43; 1Chr 6:46 feminine (c. noun masculine): absolute עֲשָׂרָה Gen 24:10 + 69 t.; construct (probably) עֲשֶׂ֫רֶת 1Sam 17:18 + 46 t.; feminine plural עֲשָׂרֹת Exod 18:21 + 2 t.; — on plural עֶשְׂרִים, 20, see below; —

1. a ten, only feminine plural tens in phrase ׳שָׂרֵי ע captains of tens Exod 18:21; Exod 18:25 (E), Deut 1:15.

2. ten, enumerating person or things, usually without other numbers:
a. עֶ֫שֶׂר before feminine plural noun, Gen 45:23 + 43 t. after noun 1Kgs 7:27; 1Kgs 7:43 + late passages Josh 15:57; Josh 21:5; Josh 21:26 (all P), 1Chr 6:46; 2Chr 4:7 before בָּאַמָּה = ten cubits 1Kgs 6:3; 1Kgs 6:25; 1Kgs 6:26; 1Kgs 7:23; 1Kgs 7:24.
b. עֲשָׂרָה before masculine plural noun, Gen 45:23 + 25 t. (including אֲלָפִים ׳ע = 10,000 2Sam 18:3; 2Kgs 24:14 Kt, עֲשֶׂרֶת Qr); before n.collective בָּקָר 1Kgs 5:3, רֶכֶב 2Kgs 13:7 also לֶחֶם הַוֶּה ׳ע 1Sam 17:17 these ten loaves, compare 1Kgs 14:3 אֶלֶף ׳ע Ezek 45:1 read ׳עֶשְׂרִיס א ᵐ5 Hi Co Berthol Toy; after masculine plural noun Gen 32:16 (twice in verse); Gen 43:3 (all E), Josh 17:5 (JE), Num 29:23 (P), 1Kgs 7:43; 2Chr 4:6; 2Chr 4:8; Dan 1:12; Dan 1:14; Dan 1:15 ; after n.collective צאֹן 2Chr 30:24 noun omitted, that is men, Gen 18:32 (J) Amos 5:3; Ezra 8:4 that is shekels (weight) Gen 24:22 (J) Num 7:14 + 13 t. Num 7 (זָהָב ׳ע); כֶסֶף ׳ע (that is shekels, value) 2Sam 18:11 that is measures (of grain) Hag 2:16 with article the ten Gen 18:23 (J; that is men), Neh 11:1 (id. = every ten); as predicate Exod 27:12 (twice in verse) = Exod 38:12 (twice in verse) (all P) .
c. עֲשֶׂ֫רֶת before masculine plural noun Exod 34:28 + 18 t., + כַּעֲשֶׂרֶת הַיָּמִים 1Sam 25:38 (on article compare Weir in Dr, but dubious; probably omitted, so ᵐ5 We Bu), + אֲלָפִים ׳ע = 10,000 Judg 1:4 + 26 t.; noun omitted כֶּסֶף ׳ע (that is shekels) Judg 17:10.

3. rarely + other number:
a. עֶשֶׂר after larger number, מֵאָה שָׁנִים ׳וָע Gen 50:22; Gen 50:26; Josh 24:29 (all E), Judg 2:8.
b. ׳ע before larger number עֶשֶׂר שָׁנִים וּתְשַׁע מֵאוֺת שָׁנָה Gen 5:14 (P).
c. עֲשָׂרָה after larger number, מֵאָה וַעֲשָׂרָה הַזְּכָרִים Ezra 8:12, compare (noun preceding) Ezra 1:10.
d. עֲשָׂרָה after smaller number, שִׁבְעָה שְׁקָלִים וַעֲשָׂרָה הַכָּ֑סֶף Jer 32:9 = seventeen shekels; before smaller number + singular noun עֲשָׂרָה וַחֲמִשָּׁה שֶׁקֶל Ezek 45:12, but read חֲמִשִּׁים joining עֲשָׂרָה to preceding, ᵐ5^A Hi Co and others

BDB6445 H6242 H6235

עֶשְׂרִים₃₁₅ noun plural indeclinable (a) twenty (ancient plural of עֶשֶׂר Prä^{BAS i. 376}; Late Hebrew = Biblical Hebrew; Arabic ; Assyrian ešrâ; Sabean עשרי Hom^{Chrest. 48}; Ethiopic Aramaic עשרין, ; Nabataean עשרין); —

I. as cardinal:

1. without other number:
a. usually followed by singular noun (especially שָׁנָה, אִישׁ, אַמָּה, etc.) Gen 31:38; 1Sam 14:14; Exod 38:18 + 64 t., + עֶשְׂרִים אֶלֶף 20,000 1Chr 18:4 + 7 t. + Ezek 45:1 (reading עֶשְׂרִים אָ֑לֶף, see עֶשֶׂר 2 b).
b. followed by plural noun 2Sam 3:20; Exod 36:23; Exod 36:24; Exod 36:25 + 4 t.
c. followed by singular noun collective 1Kgs 5:3.
d. plural noun precedes Gen 32:15 (twice in verse); Gen 32:16; 2Chr 3:3 + 6 t.
e. noun omitted Gen 18:31 (twice in verse) (׳הָע), 1Kgs 6:2 + 6 t., as predicate Exod 27:10 (twice in verse); Exod 27:11 (twice in verse) + 4 t. feminine + בָּאַמָּה Zech 5:12.

2. + other number:
a. with units, usually 20 + (with וְ) unit + singular noun Judg 10:2; Judg 10:3; 1Kgs 14:20 + 58 t. (including 20 + 1 * 1000, etc., 27 t.); noun omitted Josh 15:32 + 2 t. predicate; less often unit + 20 + singular noun Gen 11:24; Exod 38:24; Num 8:24 (all P) + 27 t.; unit + 20 + בָּאַמָּה Ezek 40:21; Exod 26:2; Exod 36:9 (both P).
b. 20 + unit + plural noun Num 7:8 (twice in verse) (P), 1Chr 2:22 + 3 t. Chronicles
c. plural noun + 20 + unit Josh 19:30 (twice in verse); 1Chr 12:29 (van d. H. v.1Chr 12:28).
d. c. hundreds, 20 usually following; followed by singular noun 1Kgs 9:14; Gen 6:3; Deut 31:2 + 7 t.; noun omitted 2Chr 3:4; Ezra 2:32 = Neh 7:35 20 + 100 (noun omitted) Num 7:86.
e. plural noun + 100 + 20 1Chr 15:5; 1Chr 15:6 — compare further מֵאָה. II. as ordinal:

1. 20 alone, ׳בִּשְׁנַת ע in the twentieth year 1Kgs 15:9 + 4 t.; noun omitted Num 10:11 + 3 t.

2. a. 20 + unit + ns. Ezek 29:17; Ezek 40:1.
b. ns. + 20 + unit Hag 1:15; 2Chr 7:10 +; ns. + unit + 20 Exod 12:8 בִּשְׁנַת + 20 + unit 1Kgs 16:10, etc. — See references below עֶשֶׂר.

Strong's Definition H6242

twenty, twentieth, twentys

ʿeśrîm

twenty; also (ordinal) twentieth

twenty, twentieth

Variations 10 forms of this word

Translations 40 English renderings

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Word Parts

גֵּרָ֑ה

Root word gerahs

Dictionary form: גֵּרָה · ɡay-RAW

Vowels & Accents

Hebrew Alephbet

Grammar Ncfsa

Noun — Common, feminine singular, absolute state

גֵּרָה

Speech Noun Type Common Gender Feminine Number Singular State Absolute

In English

In the KJV here: gerahs

gerahs ×5

More options

gerah — Standard scholarly term; best for technical/liturgical texts.

gerah (unit of weight) — Clarifies meaning on first use; good for study Bibles.

half-shekel unit — Contextualizes value; 20 gerahs equal one shekel.

weight unit — Generic rendering when precision of term is less critical.

Brown-Driver-Briggs (BDB)

BDB1759 H1626

II. גֵּרָה noun feminine a weight, 20th part of shekel, gerah (Assyrian girû, Zehnpf^{BAS i. 506}) — גֵּרָה Exod 30:13 + 4 t. — Only in definition of שֶׁקֶל, with number עֶשְׂרִים Exod 30:13; Lev 27:25; Num 3:47; Num 18:16; Ezek 45:12.

Strong's Definition H1626

gerahs

gērâ

a gerah or small weight (and coin)

gerah, a weight, a 20th part of a shekel, equal to the weight of 6 barley grains or 4 to 5 carob beans

Variations 1 forms of this word

Translations 1 English renderings

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Word Parts

עֶשְׂרִ֨ים

Root word twenty, twentieth, twentys

Dictionary form: עֶשְׂרִים · es-REEM

Vowels & Accents

Hebrew Alephbet

Grammar Acbpa

Adjective — Cardinal Number, both plural, absolute state plural — usually add "-s"; a number (one, two, three, …)

עֶשְׂרִים

Speech Adjective Type Cardinal Number Gender Both Number Plural State Absolute

In English

In the KJV here: twenty

and twenty ×87 twenty ×87 and twentieth ×27 from twenty ×24 were twenty ×17 was twenty ×15 of twenty ×8 in the twenty ×4

More options

twenty — Standard cardinal number; use in most contexts.

twentieth — Ordinal form; use for dates, ranks, or sequence.

twenty-fold — Use when multiplying or expressing magnitude.

score — Literary/poetic register; one score equals twenty.

Brown-Driver-Briggs (BDB)

BDB6439 H6230 H6242

עֵ֫שֶׂק proper name, of a well in southwest Palestine Gen 26:20 (explanation as contention); — locality unknown, ᵐ5 Ἀδικία.

BDB6441 H6235 H6242

עֶשֶׂר, עֲשָׂרָה₁₇₆ noun masculine and feminine ten (Late Hebrew = Biblical Hebrew; perhaps MI³³ עשרֿ; Phoenician עשר, עסר, עשרת, etc.; Arabic , ; Sabean עשר SabDenkm^{No. 11 b, l. 5, 6,} עשרת and compounds Hom^{Chrest. 48}; Ethiopic , ; Assyrian ešertu; ᵑ7 עֲסַר, עַסְרָא; עֲשַׂר, עַשְׂרָא; Syriac , ; Nabataean עשר, all = ten; Palmyrene עשרתא the Ten (rulers)); —

masculine (with noun feminine) עֶ֫שֶׂר 2Sam 15:16 + 53 t. (absolute and construct usually indistinguishable); עָ֑שֶׁר 1Kgs 7:43; 1Chr 6:46 feminine (c. noun masculine): absolute עֲשָׂרָה Gen 24:10 + 69 t.; construct (probably) עֲשֶׂ֫רֶת 1Sam 17:18 + 46 t.; feminine plural עֲשָׂרֹת Exod 18:21 + 2 t.; — on plural עֶשְׂרִים, 20, see below; —

1. a ten, only feminine plural tens in phrase ׳שָׂרֵי ע captains of tens Exod 18:21; Exod 18:25 (E), Deut 1:15.

2. ten, enumerating person or things, usually without other numbers:
a. עֶ֫שֶׂר before feminine plural noun, Gen 45:23 + 43 t. after noun 1Kgs 7:27; 1Kgs 7:43 + late passages Josh 15:57; Josh 21:5; Josh 21:26 (all P), 1Chr 6:46; 2Chr 4:7 before בָּאַמָּה = ten cubits 1Kgs 6:3; 1Kgs 6:25; 1Kgs 6:26; 1Kgs 7:23; 1Kgs 7:24.
b. עֲשָׂרָה before masculine plural noun, Gen 45:23 + 25 t. (including אֲלָפִים ׳ע = 10,000 2Sam 18:3; 2Kgs 24:14 Kt, עֲשֶׂרֶת Qr); before n.collective בָּקָר 1Kgs 5:3, רֶכֶב 2Kgs 13:7 also לֶחֶם הַוֶּה ׳ע 1Sam 17:17 these ten loaves, compare 1Kgs 14:3 אֶלֶף ׳ע Ezek 45:1 read ׳עֶשְׂרִיס א ᵐ5 Hi Co Berthol Toy; after masculine plural noun Gen 32:16 (twice in verse); Gen 43:3 (all E), Josh 17:5 (JE), Num 29:23 (P), 1Kgs 7:43; 2Chr 4:6; 2Chr 4:8; Dan 1:12; Dan 1:14; Dan 1:15 ; after n.collective צאֹן 2Chr 30:24 noun omitted, that is men, Gen 18:32 (J) Amos 5:3; Ezra 8:4 that is shekels (weight) Gen 24:22 (J) Num 7:14 + 13 t. Num 7 (זָהָב ׳ע); כֶסֶף ׳ע (that is shekels, value) 2Sam 18:11 that is measures (of grain) Hag 2:16 with article the ten Gen 18:23 (J; that is men), Neh 11:1 (id. = every ten); as predicate Exod 27:12 (twice in verse) = Exod 38:12 (twice in verse) (all P) .
c. עֲשֶׂ֫רֶת before masculine plural noun Exod 34:28 + 18 t., + כַּעֲשֶׂרֶת הַיָּמִים 1Sam 25:38 (on article compare Weir in Dr, but dubious; probably omitted, so ᵐ5 We Bu), + אֲלָפִים ׳ע = 10,000 Judg 1:4 + 26 t.; noun omitted כֶּסֶף ׳ע (that is shekels) Judg 17:10.

3. rarely + other number:
a. עֶשֶׂר after larger number, מֵאָה שָׁנִים ׳וָע Gen 50:22; Gen 50:26; Josh 24:29 (all E), Judg 2:8.
b. ׳ע before larger number עֶשֶׂר שָׁנִים וּתְשַׁע מֵאוֺת שָׁנָה Gen 5:14 (P).
c. עֲשָׂרָה after larger number, מֵאָה וַעֲשָׂרָה הַזְּכָרִים Ezra 8:12, compare (noun preceding) Ezra 1:10.
d. עֲשָׂרָה after smaller number, שִׁבְעָה שְׁקָלִים וַעֲשָׂרָה הַכָּ֑סֶף Jer 32:9 = seventeen shekels; before smaller number + singular noun עֲשָׂרָה וַחֲמִשָּׁה שֶׁקֶל Ezek 45:12, but read חֲמִשִּׁים joining עֲשָׂרָה to preceding, ᵐ5^A Hi Co and others

BDB6445 H6242 H6235

עֶשְׂרִים₃₁₅ noun plural indeclinable (a) twenty (ancient plural of עֶשֶׂר Prä^{BAS i. 376}; Late Hebrew = Biblical Hebrew; Arabic ; Assyrian ešrâ; Sabean עשרי Hom^{Chrest. 48}; Ethiopic Aramaic עשרין, ; Nabataean עשרין); —

I. as cardinal:

1. without other number:
a. usually followed by singular noun (especially שָׁנָה, אִישׁ, אַמָּה, etc.) Gen 31:38; 1Sam 14:14; Exod 38:18 + 64 t., + עֶשְׂרִים אֶלֶף 20,000 1Chr 18:4 + 7 t. + Ezek 45:1 (reading עֶשְׂרִים אָ֑לֶף, see עֶשֶׂר 2 b).
b. followed by plural noun 2Sam 3:20; Exod 36:23; Exod 36:24; Exod 36:25 + 4 t.
c. followed by singular noun collective 1Kgs 5:3.
d. plural noun precedes Gen 32:15 (twice in verse); Gen 32:16; 2Chr 3:3 + 6 t.
e. noun omitted Gen 18:31 (twice in verse) (׳הָע), 1Kgs 6:2 + 6 t., as predicate Exod 27:10 (twice in verse); Exod 27:11 (twice in verse) + 4 t. feminine + בָּאַמָּה Zech 5:12.

2. + other number:
a. with units, usually 20 + (with וְ) unit + singular noun Judg 10:2; Judg 10:3; 1Kgs 14:20 + 58 t. (including 20 + 1 * 1000, etc., 27 t.); noun omitted Josh 15:32 + 2 t. predicate; less often unit + 20 + singular noun Gen 11:24; Exod 38:24; Num 8:24 (all P) + 27 t.; unit + 20 + בָּאַמָּה Ezek 40:21; Exod 26:2; Exod 36:9 (both P).
b. 20 + unit + plural noun Num 7:8 (twice in verse) (P), 1Chr 2:22 + 3 t. Chronicles
c. plural noun + 20 + unit Josh 19:30 (twice in verse); 1Chr 12:29 (van d. H. v.1Chr 12:28).
d. c. hundreds, 20 usually following; followed by singular noun 1Kgs 9:14; Gen 6:3; Deut 31:2 + 7 t.; noun omitted 2Chr 3:4; Ezra 2:32 = Neh 7:35 20 + 100 (noun omitted) Num 7:86.
e. plural noun + 100 + 20 1Chr 15:5; 1Chr 15:6 — compare further מֵאָה. II. as ordinal:

1. 20 alone, ׳בִּשְׁנַת ע in the twentieth year 1Kgs 15:9 + 4 t.; noun omitted Num 10:11 + 3 t.

2. a. 20 + unit + ns. Ezek 29:17; Ezek 40:1.
b. ns. + 20 + unit Hag 1:15; 2Chr 7:10 +; ns. + unit + 20 Exod 12:8 בִּשְׁנַת + 20 + unit 1Kgs 16:10, etc. — See references below עֶשֶׂר.

Strong's Definition H6242

twenty, twentieth, twentys

ʿeśrîm

twenty; also (ordinal) twentieth

twenty, twentieth

Variations 10 forms of this word

Translations 40 English renderings

Search every verse

Word Parts

שְׁקָלִ֜ים

Root word shekels, shekel

Dictionary form: שֶׁקֶל · sheh-KEL

Vowels & Accents

Hebrew Alephbet

Grammar Ncmpa

Noun — Common, masculine plural, absolute state plural — usually add "-s"

שְׁקָלִים

Speech Noun Type Common Gender Masculine Number Plural State Absolute

In English

In the KJV here: shekels

shekels ×45 after the shekel ×21 a shekel ×4 for a shekel ×4 shekels after the shekel ×3 and the shekel ×2 of a shekel ×2 according to the shekel ×1

More options

shekel — Standard modern rendering; best for most contexts.

silver shekel — Clarifies the metal when context is monetary exchange.

unit of weight — Use when the shekel functions as a measure, not currency.

coin — Accessible for general audiences; risks anachronism.

standard weight — Highlights the shekel's role as a regulated measure.

monetary unit — Neutral, modern; good in economic or legal passages.

Brown-Driver-Briggs (BDB)

BDB10013 H8255 H8625 H4484

תְּקֵל noun [masculine] shekel (see Biblical Hebrew שֶׁקֶל; ᵑ7 תִּקְלָא); — absolute ׳ת Dan 5:25; Dan 5:27 see מְנֵא and references

BDB9009 H8255

שֶׁ֫קֶל₈₇ noun masculine^{Lev 27:6} a weight, shekel (originally = weight; late Hebrew = coin GACooke^{Inscr. 356}); — absolute ׳שׁ Amos 8:5 +, שָׁ֑קֶל Exod 38:29 +; plural שְׁקָלִים Josh 7:21 +; construct שִׁקְלֵי 1Chr 21:25 — shekel, as standard weight Amos 8:5 of weight of bronze armour 1Sam 17:5, iron spear-head v1Sam 17:7, +2Sam 21:16b (see מִשְׁקָל), hair 2Sam 14:26, food Ezek 4:10 implying value, of wedge of gold Josh 7:21 (JE); of nails in temple (gold) 2Chr 3:9 usually a definite weight of silver (used in payment. or valuation) Exod 21:32 (E), Josh 7:21 (JE), 1Sam 9:8; 2Sam 24:24; 2Kgs 7:1 (twice in verse); 2Kgs 7:16 (twice in verse); 2Kgs 7:18 (twice in verse); 2Kgs 15:20; Jer 32:9; Ezek 45:12 (twice in verse) (see infra), and ( = coin, from time of Darius I) Neh 5:15; Neh 10:33; Lev 5:15; Lev 27:3; Lev 27:4; Lev 27:5 (twice in verse) (all P), +53 t. P; also ׳מַחֲצִית הַשּׁ Exod 30:13 (twice in verse); Exod 30:15; Exod 38:26 (= בֶּקַל), all half-shekel, atonement-money; compare ׳שְׁלִישִׁית הַשּׁ Neh 10:33 one-third; also ׳רֶבַע שׁ 1Sam 9:8 one-fourth if shekel; ׳שׁ = 20 גֵּרָה (׳ג otherwise unknown) Ezek 45:12; Exod 30:13; Lev 27:25; Num 3:47 50 ׳שׁ = one maneh Ezek 45:12 (read וַחֲמִשִּׁים for וחמשׁה [and עֶשְׂרֵה for עֲשָׂרָה preceding], ᵐ5^A Boeckh Hi-Sm Co Toy Da Krae Berthol); הַקֹּדֶשׁ ׳שׁ Exod 30:13; Exod 30:24; Lev 5:15; Num 3:47; Num 3:50; Num 7:13 + 21 t. P; land estimated in ׳שׁ of gold 1Chr 21:25 ׳שׂ also often omitted after number — ׳שׁ was of two standards, one one-half the other; actual weights (and values) varied, but most persistent were: (1) gold, 252 2/3 grams Troy (or 126 1/3), modern equivalent approximately £2 1 S., or $10; (2) silver, 224 1/2 grams (nearly 1/2 ounce) = הַקֹּדֶשׁ ׳שׁ (see above), or 112 1/4, modern equivalent approximately 2s. 9d., or 67 with; בְּאֶבֶן הַמֶּלֶךְ ׳שׁ 2Sam 14:26 is dubious; if late (Bu HPS Löhr Now) it probably reference to a Babylonian or Persian scale (compare S-C^pap באבני מלכא often); 60 (or 50) ׳שׁ = 1 mina, 60 minas= 1 talent(see מָנֶה ,כִּכָּר). See especially ARSK^{Hast. DB WEIGHTS AND MEASURES,and MONEY}.

Strong's Definition H8255

shekels, shekel

šeqel

probably a weight; used as a commercial standard

shekel

the chief unit of weight or measure

gold (1/10000 of a talent and equal to 220 grains)

Variations 14 forms of this word

Translations 14 English renderings

Shekel Money

Search every verse

Word Parts

חֲמִשָּׁ֧ה

Root word five, fifteenth, fifteen, fifth, apiece

Dictionary form: חָמֵשׁ · haw-MAYSH

Vowels & Accents

Hebrew Alephbet

Grammar Acmsa

Adjective — Cardinal Number, masculine singular, absolute state a number (one, two, three, …)

חֲמִשָּׁה

Speech Adjective Type Cardinal Number Gender Masculine Number Singular State Absolute

In English

In the KJV here: five

five ×116 and five ×108 was five ×14 the five ×8 fifteen ×7 of five ×7 were five ×6 and the five ×5

More options

five — Core cardinal number; universally applicable.

fifth — Ordinal use; for position or sequence.

fifteen — Compound form; use when context requires 10+5.

fifteenth — Ordinal compound; for dates or ranked positions.

five each — Distributive sense; use when portions are divided equally.

Brown-Driver-Briggs (BDB)

BDB2900 H2568

חָמֵשׁ, חֲמִשָּׁה₃₄₂ noun masculine and feminine five (Late Hebrew id.; id.; Aramaic חֲמֵשׁ, חַמְשָׁא, , ; Phoenician חמשת; Palmyrene חמשא, with masculine noun, Reckend^{ZMG 1888, 408}; Assyrian —amšu, —amiltu Dl^{§ 75}; Ethiopic Arabic , Sabean & Lihyânian חֿמס DHM^{ZMG xxix, 613}; Epigr. Denkm. 71, 73); —

masculine (c. noun feminine) absolute חָמֵשׁ Gen 5:6 + 94 t. + Ezek 40:30 (strike out ᵐ5^B Hi-Sm Co; Co strike out also in vEzek 40:25 vEzek 40:29 vEzek 40:33 vEzek 40:36) + Ezek 45:3 Kt (where read feminine with Qr); construct חֲמֵשׁ Gen 5:10 + 67 t. + Ezek 48:16 Kt; feminine (c. noun masculine) absolute חֲמִשָּׁה see Lag^{BN 80} Gen 18:28 + 139 t. (including Ezek 8:16 strike out B Co and others); construct חֲמֵשֶׁת Num 3:47 (twice in verse) + 26 t.; — on plural חֲמִשִּׁים fifty, see below; — five, in Hexateuch chiefly P; —

1. without other numeral:
a. חָמֵשׁ before feminine plural noun Gen 43:34 + 35 t.; before collective noun צאֹן ׳ח 1Sam 25:18 see also בָּאַמָּה ׳ח five in cubit
(s) = five cubits 1Kgs 7:23; 1Chr 11:23; 2Chr 4:2 after noun (late) 2Kgs 8:16 (בִּשְׁנַת חָמֵשׁ לְיוֺרָם = in the fifth year) + 6 t. Chronicles; no noun expressed 1Kgs 7:39 (twice in verse); 1Kgs 7:49 (twice in verse); 1Chr 3:20; 2Chr 4:7 (twice in verse).
b. חֲמִשָּׁה before masculine plural noun Gen 47:2 + 18 t.; after noun Exod 36:38 + 36 t. Numbers (all P); no noun expressed Gen 14:9 (only here with article) + 20 t.
c. חֲמֵשׁ before noun (usually defined; except מֵאוֺת, אֲלָפִים, see 3, 4) Exod 26:3; Exod 26:9; Exod 36:10; Exod 36:16 + Ezek 42:16 אַמּוֺת ׳ח Kt, but Qr מאות ׳ח, see below
d. חֲמֵשֶׁת חַמְּלָכִים Josh 10:5 + 5 t.; הָאֲנָשִׁים ׳ח Judg 18:7; Judg 18:14; Judg 18:17 שׁקלים ׳ח Num 18:16 also, distributive, שְׁקָלִים ׳ח ׳ח Num 3:47 הַסְּרָנִים ׳ח Josh 13:3; Judg 3:3; 1Sam 6:18 ׳בני מ ׳ח 2Sam 21:8.
e. = ordinal, בִּשְׁנַת חָמֵשׁ ליורם 2Kgs 8:16 the fifth (year) of Joram; בַּחֲמִשָּׁה לַחֹדֶשׁ on the fifth (day) of the month Ezek 1:1; Ezek 1:2; Ezek 8:1; Ezek 33:21 (so also 15th, 25th, etc.)

2. ׳ח combined with עשׂר, עשׂרה ten = fifteen:
a. חֲמֵשׁ עֶשְׂרֵה (c. noun feminine) Gen 5:10; Gen 7:20; Exod 27:14; Exod 27:15; Exod 38:14; Exod 38:15; 2Kgs 14:17; 2Kgs 14:23; 2Kgs 20:6; 2Chr 15:10; 2Chr 25:25; Isa 38:5.
b. חֲמִשָּׁה עָשָׂר (c. noun masculine), (1) after noun Esth 9:21 (2) before noun Exod 16:1 ( = ordinal fifteenth, so Lev 23:6 +) Hos 3:2 +.
c. חֲמֵשֶׁת עָשָׂר before noun 2Sam 19:18 +.
d. חֲמֵשֶׁת עָשָׂר, without noun = ordinal fifteenth 1Chr 24:14 + 4 t. + Ezek 45:12 (read חֲמִשִּׁים A Hi Co).

3. חֲמֵשׁ מֵאוֺת = 500 Gen 5:30; Gen 5:32 + 49 t. + Ezek 42:16 Qr.

4. חֲמֵשֶׁת אֲלָפִים = 5000 Num 31:32; Josh 8:12; Judg 20:45; 1Sam 17:5; Ezek 45:6; Ezek 48:15; 1Chr 29:7; 2Chr 35:9; Ezra 1:11; Ezra 2:69 — in 25,000, 35,000 etc. חֲמִשָּׁה (usually without ׳א) precedes the 20,000, 30,000, etc.

5. with other numerals:
a. חָמֵשׁ before larger numeral: (1) noun repeated Gen 5:6 + 4 t.; (2) noun with 2nd number only, Gen 5:17 + 8 t. + Ezek 45:3 Kt; (3) noun with בְּ with 2nd number Ezek 40:21 + 2 t.
b. חָמֵשׁ after larger number: (1) noun repeated Gen 25:7 (2) noun following ׳ח (only) Judg 14:10 + (especially in expressions of age and duration); (3) noun before both numbers, stative absolute, 2Chr 3:15 stative construct 2Chr 15:19.
c. no noun expressed, ׳ח between other number, e.g. ושׁבעים ׳שֵׁשׁ מאות ח Num 31:37.
d. חֲמִשָּׁה before larger number, noun following larger number Num 1:25 + 22 t.
e. ׳ח follows, and (1) is followed by noun Judg 20:35 + 7 t.; (2) noun precedes both 1Kgs 7:3; Jer 52:30. feminine ׳ח precedes, no noun expressed 1Kgs 5:12.
g. ׳ח follows, no noun expr Gen 18:28 +.
h. no noun expressed ׳ח between other number Exod 38:28; Ezra 2:5.

Strong's Definition H2568

five, fifteenth, fifteen, fifth, apiece

ḥāmēš

five

five

five (cardinal number)

Variations 30 forms of this word

Translations 61 English renderings

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Word Parts

וְ עֶשְׂרִ֣ים

וְ

Prefix — connector and (sometimes: but, so, then)

עֶשְׂרִ֣ים

Root word twenty, twentieth, twentys

Dictionary form: עֶשְׂרִים · es-REEM

Vowels & Accents

Hebrew Alephbet

Grammar C/Acbpa

Adjective — Cardinal Number, both plural, absolute state plural — usually add "-s"; a number (one, two, three, …)

וְ	Speech Conjunction
עֶשְׂרִים	Speech Adjective Type Cardinal Number Gender Both Number Plural State Absolute

In English

In the KJV here: and twenty

and twenty ×87 twenty ×87 and twentieth ×27 from twenty ×24 were twenty ×17 was twenty ×15 of twenty ×8 in the twenty ×4

More options

twenty — Standard cardinal number; use in most contexts.

twentieth — Ordinal form; use for dates, ranks, or sequence.

twenty-fold — Use when multiplying or expressing magnitude.

score — Literary/poetic register; one score equals twenty.

Brown-Driver-Briggs (BDB)

BDB6439 H6230 H6242

עֵ֫שֶׂק proper name, of a well in southwest Palestine Gen 26:20 (explanation as contention); — locality unknown, ᵐ5 Ἀδικία.

BDB6441 H6235 H6242

עֶשֶׂר, עֲשָׂרָה₁₇₆ noun masculine and feminine ten (Late Hebrew = Biblical Hebrew; perhaps MI³³ עשרֿ; Phoenician עשר, עסר, עשרת, etc.; Arabic , ; Sabean עשר SabDenkm^{No. 11 b, l. 5, 6,} עשרת and compounds Hom^{Chrest. 48}; Ethiopic , ; Assyrian ešertu; ᵑ7 עֲסַר, עַסְרָא; עֲשַׂר, עַשְׂרָא; Syriac , ; Nabataean עשר, all = ten; Palmyrene עשרתא the Ten (rulers)); —

masculine (with noun feminine) עֶ֫שֶׂר 2Sam 15:16 + 53 t. (absolute and construct usually indistinguishable); עָ֑שֶׁר 1Kgs 7:43; 1Chr 6:46 feminine (c. noun masculine): absolute עֲשָׂרָה Gen 24:10 + 69 t.; construct (probably) עֲשֶׂ֫רֶת 1Sam 17:18 + 46 t.; feminine plural עֲשָׂרֹת Exod 18:21 + 2 t.; — on plural עֶשְׂרִים, 20, see below; —

1. a ten, only feminine plural tens in phrase ׳שָׂרֵי ע captains of tens Exod 18:21; Exod 18:25 (E), Deut 1:15.

2. ten, enumerating person or things, usually without other numbers:
a. עֶ֫שֶׂר before feminine plural noun, Gen 45:23 + 43 t. after noun 1Kgs 7:27; 1Kgs 7:43 + late passages Josh 15:57; Josh 21:5; Josh 21:26 (all P), 1Chr 6:46; 2Chr 4:7 before בָּאַמָּה = ten cubits 1Kgs 6:3; 1Kgs 6:25; 1Kgs 6:26; 1Kgs 7:23; 1Kgs 7:24.
b. עֲשָׂרָה before masculine plural noun, Gen 45:23 + 25 t. (including אֲלָפִים ׳ע = 10,000 2Sam 18:3; 2Kgs 24:14 Kt, עֲשֶׂרֶת Qr); before n.collective בָּקָר 1Kgs 5:3, רֶכֶב 2Kgs 13:7 also לֶחֶם הַוֶּה ׳ע 1Sam 17:17 these ten loaves, compare 1Kgs 14:3 אֶלֶף ׳ע Ezek 45:1 read ׳עֶשְׂרִיס א ᵐ5 Hi Co Berthol Toy; after masculine plural noun Gen 32:16 (twice in verse); Gen 43:3 (all E), Josh 17:5 (JE), Num 29:23 (P), 1Kgs 7:43; 2Chr 4:6; 2Chr 4:8; Dan 1:12; Dan 1:14; Dan 1:15 ; after n.collective צאֹן 2Chr 30:24 noun omitted, that is men, Gen 18:32 (J) Amos 5:3; Ezra 8:4 that is shekels (weight) Gen 24:22 (J) Num 7:14 + 13 t. Num 7 (זָהָב ׳ע); כֶסֶף ׳ע (that is shekels, value) 2Sam 18:11 that is measures (of grain) Hag 2:16 with article the ten Gen 18:23 (J; that is men), Neh 11:1 (id. = every ten); as predicate Exod 27:12 (twice in verse) = Exod 38:12 (twice in verse) (all P) .
c. עֲשֶׂ֫רֶת before masculine plural noun Exod 34:28 + 18 t., + כַּעֲשֶׂרֶת הַיָּמִים 1Sam 25:38 (on article compare Weir in Dr, but dubious; probably omitted, so ᵐ5 We Bu), + אֲלָפִים ׳ע = 10,000 Judg 1:4 + 26 t.; noun omitted כֶּסֶף ׳ע (that is shekels) Judg 17:10.

3. rarely + other number:
a. עֶשֶׂר after larger number, מֵאָה שָׁנִים ׳וָע Gen 50:22; Gen 50:26; Josh 24:29 (all E), Judg 2:8.
b. ׳ע before larger number עֶשֶׂר שָׁנִים וּתְשַׁע מֵאוֺת שָׁנָה Gen 5:14 (P).
c. עֲשָׂרָה after larger number, מֵאָה וַעֲשָׂרָה הַזְּכָרִים Ezra 8:12, compare (noun preceding) Ezra 1:10.
d. עֲשָׂרָה after smaller number, שִׁבְעָה שְׁקָלִים וַעֲשָׂרָה הַכָּ֑סֶף Jer 32:9 = seventeen shekels; before smaller number + singular noun עֲשָׂרָה וַחֲמִשָּׁה שֶׁקֶל Ezek 45:12, but read חֲמִשִּׁים joining עֲשָׂרָה to preceding, ᵐ5^A Hi Co and others

BDB6445 H6242 H6235

עֶשְׂרִים₃₁₅ noun plural indeclinable (a) twenty (ancient plural of עֶשֶׂר Prä^{BAS i. 376}; Late Hebrew = Biblical Hebrew; Arabic ; Assyrian ešrâ; Sabean עשרי Hom^{Chrest. 48}; Ethiopic Aramaic עשרין, ; Nabataean עשרין); —

I. as cardinal:

1. without other number:
a. usually followed by singular noun (especially שָׁנָה, אִישׁ, אַמָּה, etc.) Gen 31:38; 1Sam 14:14; Exod 38:18 + 64 t., + עֶשְׂרִים אֶלֶף 20,000 1Chr 18:4 + 7 t. + Ezek 45:1 (reading עֶשְׂרִים אָ֑לֶף, see עֶשֶׂר 2 b).
b. followed by plural noun 2Sam 3:20; Exod 36:23; Exod 36:24; Exod 36:25 + 4 t.
c. followed by singular noun collective 1Kgs 5:3.
d. plural noun precedes Gen 32:15 (twice in verse); Gen 32:16; 2Chr 3:3 + 6 t.
e. noun omitted Gen 18:31 (twice in verse) (׳הָע), 1Kgs 6:2 + 6 t., as predicate Exod 27:10 (twice in verse); Exod 27:11 (twice in verse) + 4 t. feminine + בָּאַמָּה Zech 5:12.

2. + other number:
a. with units, usually 20 + (with וְ) unit + singular noun Judg 10:2; Judg 10:3; 1Kgs 14:20 + 58 t. (including 20 + 1 * 1000, etc., 27 t.); noun omitted Josh 15:32 + 2 t. predicate; less often unit + 20 + singular noun Gen 11:24; Exod 38:24; Num 8:24 (all P) + 27 t.; unit + 20 + בָּאַמָּה Ezek 40:21; Exod 26:2; Exod 36:9 (both P).
b. 20 + unit + plural noun Num 7:8 (twice in verse) (P), 1Chr 2:22 + 3 t. Chronicles
c. plural noun + 20 + unit Josh 19:30 (twice in verse); 1Chr 12:29 (van d. H. v.1Chr 12:28).
d. c. hundreds, 20 usually following; followed by singular noun 1Kgs 9:14; Gen 6:3; Deut 31:2 + 7 t.; noun omitted 2Chr 3:4; Ezra 2:32 = Neh 7:35 20 + 100 (noun omitted) Num 7:86.
e. plural noun + 100 + 20 1Chr 15:5; 1Chr 15:6 — compare further מֵאָה. II. as ordinal:

1. 20 alone, ׳בִּשְׁנַת ע in the twentieth year 1Kgs 15:9 + 4 t.; noun omitted Num 10:11 + 3 t.

2. a. 20 + unit + ns. Ezek 29:17; Ezek 40:1.
b. ns. + 20 + unit Hag 1:15; 2Chr 7:10 +; ns. + unit + 20 Exod 12:8 בִּשְׁנַת + 20 + unit 1Kgs 16:10, etc. — See references below עֶשֶׂר.

Strong's Definition H6242

twenty, twentieth, twentys

ʿeśrîm

twenty; also (ordinal) twentieth

twenty, twentieth

Variations 10 forms of this word

Translations 40 English renderings

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Word Parts

שְׁקָלִ֗ים

Root word shekels, shekel

Dictionary form: שֶׁקֶל · sheh-KEL

Vowels & Accents

Hebrew Alephbet

Grammar Ncmpa

Noun — Common, masculine plural, absolute state plural — usually add "-s"

שְׁקָלִים

Speech Noun Type Common Gender Masculine Number Plural State Absolute

In English

In the KJV here: shekels

shekels ×45 after the shekel ×21 a shekel ×4 for a shekel ×4 shekels after the shekel ×3 and the shekel ×2 of a shekel ×2 according to the shekel ×1

More options

shekel — Standard modern rendering; best for most contexts.

silver shekel — Clarifies the metal when context is monetary exchange.

unit of weight — Use when the shekel functions as a measure, not currency.

coin — Accessible for general audiences; risks anachronism.

standard weight — Highlights the shekel's role as a regulated measure.

monetary unit — Neutral, modern; good in economic or legal passages.

Brown-Driver-Briggs (BDB)

BDB10013 H8255 H8625 H4484

תְּקֵל noun [masculine] shekel (see Biblical Hebrew שֶׁקֶל; ᵑ7 תִּקְלָא); — absolute ׳ת Dan 5:25; Dan 5:27 see מְנֵא and references

BDB9009 H8255

שֶׁ֫קֶל₈₇ noun masculine^{Lev 27:6} a weight, shekel (originally = weight; late Hebrew = coin GACooke^{Inscr. 356}); — absolute ׳שׁ Amos 8:5 +, שָׁ֑קֶל Exod 38:29 +; plural שְׁקָלִים Josh 7:21 +; construct שִׁקְלֵי 1Chr 21:25 — shekel, as standard weight Amos 8:5 of weight of bronze armour 1Sam 17:5, iron spear-head v1Sam 17:7, +2Sam 21:16b (see מִשְׁקָל), hair 2Sam 14:26, food Ezek 4:10 implying value, of wedge of gold Josh 7:21 (JE); of nails in temple (gold) 2Chr 3:9 usually a definite weight of silver (used in payment. or valuation) Exod 21:32 (E), Josh 7:21 (JE), 1Sam 9:8; 2Sam 24:24; 2Kgs 7:1 (twice in verse); 2Kgs 7:16 (twice in verse); 2Kgs 7:18 (twice in verse); 2Kgs 15:20; Jer 32:9; Ezek 45:12 (twice in verse) (see infra), and ( = coin, from time of Darius I) Neh 5:15; Neh 10:33; Lev 5:15; Lev 27:3; Lev 27:4; Lev 27:5 (twice in verse) (all P), +53 t. P; also ׳מַחֲצִית הַשּׁ Exod 30:13 (twice in verse); Exod 30:15; Exod 38:26 (= בֶּקַל), all half-shekel, atonement-money; compare ׳שְׁלִישִׁית הַשּׁ Neh 10:33 one-third; also ׳רֶבַע שׁ 1Sam 9:8 one-fourth if shekel; ׳שׁ = 20 גֵּרָה (׳ג otherwise unknown) Ezek 45:12; Exod 30:13; Lev 27:25; Num 3:47 50 ׳שׁ = one maneh Ezek 45:12 (read וַחֲמִשִּׁים for וחמשׁה [and עֶשְׂרֵה for עֲשָׂרָה preceding], ᵐ5^A Boeckh Hi-Sm Co Toy Da Krae Berthol); הַקֹּדֶשׁ ׳שׁ Exod 30:13; Exod 30:24; Lev 5:15; Num 3:47; Num 3:50; Num 7:13 + 21 t. P; land estimated in ׳שׁ of gold 1Chr 21:25 ׳שׂ also often omitted after number — ׳שׁ was of two standards, one one-half the other; actual weights (and values) varied, but most persistent were: (1) gold, 252 2/3 grams Troy (or 126 1/3), modern equivalent approximately £2 1 S., or $10; (2) silver, 224 1/2 grams (nearly 1/2 ounce) = הַקֹּדֶשׁ ׳שׁ (see above), or 112 1/4, modern equivalent approximately 2s. 9d., or 67 with; בְּאֶבֶן הַמֶּלֶךְ ׳שׁ 2Sam 14:26 is dubious; if late (Bu HPS Löhr Now) it probably reference to a Babylonian or Persian scale (compare S-C^pap באבני מלכא often); 60 (or 50) ׳שׁ = 1 mina, 60 minas= 1 talent(see מָנֶה ,כִּכָּר). See especially ARSK^{Hast. DB WEIGHTS AND MEASURES,and MONEY}.

Strong's Definition H8255

shekels, shekel

šeqel

probably a weight; used as a commercial standard

shekel

the chief unit of weight or measure

gold (1/10000 of a talent and equal to 220 grains)

Variations 14 forms of this word

Translations 14 English renderings

Shekel Money

Search every verse

Word Parts

עֲשָׂרָ֤ה

Root word ten, tens

Dictionary form: עֶשֶׂר · eh-SER

Vowels & Accents

Hebrew Alephbet

Grammar Acmsa

Adjective — Cardinal Number, masculine singular, absolute state a number (one, two, three, …)

עֲשָׂרָה

Speech Adjective Type Cardinal Number Gender Masculine Number Singular State Absolute

In English

ten ×72 and ten ×26 of ten ×19 the ten ×5 and the ten ×4 thee ten ×4 was ten ×4 about ten ×3

More options

ten — Default numeral; fits virtually every context.

tens — Use for plural/group sense, e.g. counting by tens.

a group of ten — Clarifies collective unit in organizational contexts.

decade — Rare; only where a set-of-ten grouping is emphasized.

tenfold — Only when multiplicative nuance is clearly intended.

Brown-Driver-Briggs (BDB)

BDB6441 H6235 H6242

עֶשֶׂר, עֲשָׂרָה₁₇₆ noun masculine and feminine ten (Late Hebrew = Biblical Hebrew; perhaps MI³³ עשרֿ; Phoenician עשר, עסר, עשרת, etc.; Arabic , ; Sabean עשר SabDenkm^{No. 11 b, l. 5, 6,} עשרת and compounds Hom^{Chrest. 48}; Ethiopic , ; Assyrian ešertu; ᵑ7 עֲסַר, עַסְרָא; עֲשַׂר, עַשְׂרָא; Syriac , ; Nabataean עשר, all = ten; Palmyrene עשרתא the Ten (rulers)); —

masculine (with noun feminine) עֶ֫שֶׂר 2Sam 15:16 + 53 t. (absolute and construct usually indistinguishable); עָ֑שֶׁר 1Kgs 7:43; 1Chr 6:46 feminine (c. noun masculine): absolute עֲשָׂרָה Gen 24:10 + 69 t.; construct (probably) עֲשֶׂ֫רֶת 1Sam 17:18 + 46 t.; feminine plural עֲשָׂרֹת Exod 18:21 + 2 t.; — on plural עֶשְׂרִים, 20, see below; —

1. a ten, only feminine plural tens in phrase ׳שָׂרֵי ע captains of tens Exod 18:21; Exod 18:25 (E), Deut 1:15.

2. ten, enumerating person or things, usually without other numbers:
a. עֶ֫שֶׂר before feminine plural noun, Gen 45:23 + 43 t. after noun 1Kgs 7:27; 1Kgs 7:43 + late passages Josh 15:57; Josh 21:5; Josh 21:26 (all P), 1Chr 6:46; 2Chr 4:7 before בָּאַמָּה = ten cubits 1Kgs 6:3; 1Kgs 6:25; 1Kgs 6:26; 1Kgs 7:23; 1Kgs 7:24.
b. עֲשָׂרָה before masculine plural noun, Gen 45:23 + 25 t. (including אֲלָפִים ׳ע = 10,000 2Sam 18:3; 2Kgs 24:14 Kt, עֲשֶׂרֶת Qr); before n.collective בָּקָר 1Kgs 5:3, רֶכֶב 2Kgs 13:7 also לֶחֶם הַוֶּה ׳ע 1Sam 17:17 these ten loaves, compare 1Kgs 14:3 אֶלֶף ׳ע Ezek 45:1 read ׳עֶשְׂרִיס א ᵐ5 Hi Co Berthol Toy; after masculine plural noun Gen 32:16 (twice in verse); Gen 43:3 (all E), Josh 17:5 (JE), Num 29:23 (P), 1Kgs 7:43; 2Chr 4:6; 2Chr 4:8; Dan 1:12; Dan 1:14; Dan 1:15 ; after n.collective צאֹן 2Chr 30:24 noun omitted, that is men, Gen 18:32 (J) Amos 5:3; Ezra 8:4 that is shekels (weight) Gen 24:22 (J) Num 7:14 + 13 t. Num 7 (זָהָב ׳ע); כֶסֶף ׳ע (that is shekels, value) 2Sam 18:11 that is measures (of grain) Hag 2:16 with article the ten Gen 18:23 (J; that is men), Neh 11:1 (id. = every ten); as predicate Exod 27:12 (twice in verse) = Exod 38:12 (twice in verse) (all P) .
c. עֲשֶׂ֫רֶת before masculine plural noun Exod 34:28 + 18 t., + כַּעֲשֶׂרֶת הַיָּמִים 1Sam 25:38 (on article compare Weir in Dr, but dubious; probably omitted, so ᵐ5 We Bu), + אֲלָפִים ׳ע = 10,000 Judg 1:4 + 26 t.; noun omitted כֶּסֶף ׳ע (that is shekels) Judg 17:10.

3. rarely + other number:
a. עֶשֶׂר after larger number, מֵאָה שָׁנִים ׳וָע Gen 50:22; Gen 50:26; Josh 24:29 (all E), Judg 2:8.
b. ׳ע before larger number עֶשֶׂר שָׁנִים וּתְשַׁע מֵאוֺת שָׁנָה Gen 5:14 (P).
c. עֲשָׂרָה after larger number, מֵאָה וַעֲשָׂרָה הַזְּכָרִים Ezra 8:12, compare (noun preceding) Ezra 1:10.
d. עֲשָׂרָה after smaller number, שִׁבְעָה שְׁקָלִים וַעֲשָׂרָה הַכָּ֑סֶף Jer 32:9 = seventeen shekels; before smaller number + singular noun עֲשָׂרָה וַחֲמִשָּׁה שֶׁקֶל Ezek 45:12, but read חֲמִשִּׁים joining עֲשָׂרָה to preceding, ᵐ5^A Hi Co and others

BDB6445 H6242 H6235

עֶשְׂרִים₃₁₅ noun plural indeclinable (a) twenty (ancient plural of עֶשֶׂר Prä^{BAS i. 376}; Late Hebrew = Biblical Hebrew; Arabic ; Assyrian ešrâ; Sabean עשרי Hom^{Chrest. 48}; Ethiopic Aramaic עשרין, ; Nabataean עשרין); —

I. as cardinal:

1. without other number:
a. usually followed by singular noun (especially שָׁנָה, אִישׁ, אַמָּה, etc.) Gen 31:38; 1Sam 14:14; Exod 38:18 + 64 t., + עֶשְׂרִים אֶלֶף 20,000 1Chr 18:4 + 7 t. + Ezek 45:1 (reading עֶשְׂרִים אָ֑לֶף, see עֶשֶׂר 2 b).
b. followed by plural noun 2Sam 3:20; Exod 36:23; Exod 36:24; Exod 36:25 + 4 t.
c. followed by singular noun collective 1Kgs 5:3.
d. plural noun precedes Gen 32:15 (twice in verse); Gen 32:16; 2Chr 3:3 + 6 t.
e. noun omitted Gen 18:31 (twice in verse) (׳הָע), 1Kgs 6:2 + 6 t., as predicate Exod 27:10 (twice in verse); Exod 27:11 (twice in verse) + 4 t. feminine + בָּאַמָּה Zech 5:12.

2. + other number:
a. with units, usually 20 + (with וְ) unit + singular noun Judg 10:2; Judg 10:3; 1Kgs 14:20 + 58 t. (including 20 + 1 * 1000, etc., 27 t.); noun omitted Josh 15:32 + 2 t. predicate; less often unit + 20 + singular noun Gen 11:24; Exod 38:24; Num 8:24 (all P) + 27 t.; unit + 20 + בָּאַמָּה Ezek 40:21; Exod 26:2; Exod 36:9 (both P).
b. 20 + unit + plural noun Num 7:8 (twice in verse) (P), 1Chr 2:22 + 3 t. Chronicles
c. plural noun + 20 + unit Josh 19:30 (twice in verse); 1Chr 12:29 (van d. H. v.1Chr 12:28).
d. c. hundreds, 20 usually following; followed by singular noun 1Kgs 9:14; Gen 6:3; Deut 31:2 + 7 t.; noun omitted 2Chr 3:4; Ezra 2:32 = Neh 7:35 20 + 100 (noun omitted) Num 7:86.
e. plural noun + 100 + 20 1Chr 15:5; 1Chr 15:6 — compare further מֵאָה. II. as ordinal:

1. 20 alone, ׳בִּשְׁנַת ע in the twentieth year 1Kgs 15:9 + 4 t.; noun omitted Num 10:11 + 3 t.

2. a. 20 + unit + ns. Ezek 29:17; Ezek 40:1.
b. ns. + 20 + unit Hag 1:15; 2Chr 7:10 +; ns. + unit + 20 Exod 12:8 בִּשְׁנַת + 20 + unit 1Kgs 16:10, etc. — See references below עֶשֶׂר.

BDB9801 H6236 H6235

עֲשַׂר, עַשְׂרָה noun masculine and feminine a ten (see Biblical Hebrew); — masculine (following feminine noun) Dan 7:7; Dan 7:20; Dan 7:24 feminine (before masculine noun) vDan 7:24 תְּרֵי עֲשַׂר = twelve (following masculine noun) Dan 4:26; Ezra 6:17.

Strong's Definition H6235

ten, tens

ʿeśer

ten (as an accumulation to the extent of the digits)

ten

ten

Variations 22 forms of this word

Translations 37 English renderings

Search every verse

Word Parts

וַ חֲמִשָּׁה֙

וַ

Prefix — connector and (sometimes: but, so, then)

חֲמִשָּׁה֙

Root word five, fifteenth, fifteen, fifth, apiece

Dictionary form: חָמֵשׁ · haw-MAYSH

Vowels & Accents

Hebrew Alephbet

Grammar C/Acmsa

Adjective — Cardinal Number, masculine singular, absolute state a number (one, two, three, …)

וַ	Speech Conjunction
חֲמִשָּׁה	Speech Adjective Type Cardinal Number Gender Masculine Number Singular State Absolute

In English

In the KJV here: fifteen

five ×116 and five ×108 was five ×14 the five ×8 fifteen ×7 of five ×7 were five ×6 and the five ×5

More options

five — Core cardinal number; universally applicable.

fifth — Ordinal use; for position or sequence.

fifteen — Compound form; use when context requires 10+5.

fifteenth — Ordinal compound; for dates or ranked positions.

five each — Distributive sense; use when portions are divided equally.

Brown-Driver-Briggs (BDB)

BDB2900 H2568

חָמֵשׁ, חֲמִשָּׁה₃₄₂ noun masculine and feminine five (Late Hebrew id.; id.; Aramaic חֲמֵשׁ, חַמְשָׁא, , ; Phoenician חמשת; Palmyrene חמשא, with masculine noun, Reckend^{ZMG 1888, 408}; Assyrian —amšu, —amiltu Dl^{§ 75}; Ethiopic Arabic , Sabean & Lihyânian חֿמס DHM^{ZMG xxix, 613}; Epigr. Denkm. 71, 73); —

masculine (c. noun feminine) absolute חָמֵשׁ Gen 5:6 + 94 t. + Ezek 40:30 (strike out ᵐ5^B Hi-Sm Co; Co strike out also in vEzek 40:25 vEzek 40:29 vEzek 40:33 vEzek 40:36) + Ezek 45:3 Kt (where read feminine with Qr); construct חֲמֵשׁ Gen 5:10 + 67 t. + Ezek 48:16 Kt; feminine (c. noun masculine) absolute חֲמִשָּׁה see Lag^{BN 80} Gen 18:28 + 139 t. (including Ezek 8:16 strike out B Co and others); construct חֲמֵשֶׁת Num 3:47 (twice in verse) + 26 t.; — on plural חֲמִשִּׁים fifty, see below; — five, in Hexateuch chiefly P; —

1. without other numeral:
a. חָמֵשׁ before feminine plural noun Gen 43:34 + 35 t.; before collective noun צאֹן ׳ח 1Sam 25:18 see also בָּאַמָּה ׳ח five in cubit
(s) = five cubits 1Kgs 7:23; 1Chr 11:23; 2Chr 4:2 after noun (late) 2Kgs 8:16 (בִּשְׁנַת חָמֵשׁ לְיוֺרָם = in the fifth year) + 6 t. Chronicles; no noun expressed 1Kgs 7:39 (twice in verse); 1Kgs 7:49 (twice in verse); 1Chr 3:20; 2Chr 4:7 (twice in verse).
b. חֲמִשָּׁה before masculine plural noun Gen 47:2 + 18 t.; after noun Exod 36:38 + 36 t. Numbers (all P); no noun expressed Gen 14:9 (only here with article) + 20 t.
c. חֲמֵשׁ before noun (usually defined; except מֵאוֺת, אֲלָפִים, see 3, 4) Exod 26:3; Exod 26:9; Exod 36:10; Exod 36:16 + Ezek 42:16 אַמּוֺת ׳ח Kt, but Qr מאות ׳ח, see below
d. חֲמֵשֶׁת חַמְּלָכִים Josh 10:5 + 5 t.; הָאֲנָשִׁים ׳ח Judg 18:7; Judg 18:14; Judg 18:17 שׁקלים ׳ח Num 18:16 also, distributive, שְׁקָלִים ׳ח ׳ח Num 3:47 הַסְּרָנִים ׳ח Josh 13:3; Judg 3:3; 1Sam 6:18 ׳בני מ ׳ח 2Sam 21:8.
e. = ordinal, בִּשְׁנַת חָמֵשׁ ליורם 2Kgs 8:16 the fifth (year) of Joram; בַּחֲמִשָּׁה לַחֹדֶשׁ on the fifth (day) of the month Ezek 1:1; Ezek 1:2; Ezek 8:1; Ezek 33:21 (so also 15th, 25th, etc.)

2. ׳ח combined with עשׂר, עשׂרה ten = fifteen:
a. חֲמֵשׁ עֶשְׂרֵה (c. noun feminine) Gen 5:10; Gen 7:20; Exod 27:14; Exod 27:15; Exod 38:14; Exod 38:15; 2Kgs 14:17; 2Kgs 14:23; 2Kgs 20:6; 2Chr 15:10; 2Chr 25:25; Isa 38:5.
b. חֲמִשָּׁה עָשָׂר (c. noun masculine), (1) after noun Esth 9:21 (2) before noun Exod 16:1 ( = ordinal fifteenth, so Lev 23:6 +) Hos 3:2 +.
c. חֲמֵשֶׁת עָשָׂר before noun 2Sam 19:18 +.
d. חֲמֵשֶׁת עָשָׂר, without noun = ordinal fifteenth 1Chr 24:14 + 4 t. + Ezek 45:12 (read חֲמִשִּׁים A Hi Co).

3. חֲמֵשׁ מֵאוֺת = 500 Gen 5:30; Gen 5:32 + 49 t. + Ezek 42:16 Qr.

4. חֲמֵשֶׁת אֲלָפִים = 5000 Num 31:32; Josh 8:12; Judg 20:45; 1Sam 17:5; Ezek 45:6; Ezek 48:15; 1Chr 29:7; 2Chr 35:9; Ezra 1:11; Ezra 2:69 — in 25,000, 35,000 etc. חֲמִשָּׁה (usually without ׳א) precedes the 20,000, 30,000, etc.

5. with other numerals:
a. חָמֵשׁ before larger numeral: (1) noun repeated Gen 5:6 + 4 t.; (2) noun with 2nd number only, Gen 5:17 + 8 t. + Ezek 45:3 Kt; (3) noun with בְּ with 2nd number Ezek 40:21 + 2 t.
b. חָמֵשׁ after larger number: (1) noun repeated Gen 25:7 (2) noun following ׳ח (only) Judg 14:10 + (especially in expressions of age and duration); (3) noun before both numbers, stative absolute, 2Chr 3:15 stative construct 2Chr 15:19.
c. no noun expressed, ׳ח between other number, e.g. ושׁבעים ׳שֵׁשׁ מאות ח Num 31:37.
d. חֲמִשָּׁה before larger number, noun following larger number Num 1:25 + 22 t.
e. ׳ח follows, and (1) is followed by noun Judg 20:35 + 7 t.; (2) noun precedes both 1Kgs 7:3; Jer 52:30. feminine ׳ח precedes, no noun expressed 1Kgs 5:12.
g. ׳ח follows, no noun expr Gen 18:28 +.
h. no noun expressed ׳ח between other number Exod 38:28; Ezra 2:5.

Strong's Definition H2568

five, fifteenth, fifteen, fifth, apiece

ḥāmēš

five

five

five (cardinal number)

Variations 30 forms of this word

Translations 61 English renderings

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Word Parts

שֶׁ֔קֶל

Root word shekels, shekel

Dictionary form: שֶׁקֶל · sheh-KEL

Vowels & Accents

Hebrew Alephbet

Grammar Ncmsa

Noun — Common, masculine singular, absolute state

שֶׁקֶל

Speech Noun Type Common Gender Masculine Number Singular State Absolute

In English

In the KJV here: shekels

shekels ×45 after the shekel ×21 a shekel ×4 for a shekel ×4 shekels after the shekel ×3 and the shekel ×2 of a shekel ×2 according to the shekel ×1

More options

shekel — Standard modern rendering; best for most contexts.

silver shekel — Clarifies the metal when context is monetary exchange.

unit of weight — Use when the shekel functions as a measure, not currency.

coin — Accessible for general audiences; risks anachronism.

standard weight — Highlights the shekel's role as a regulated measure.

monetary unit — Neutral, modern; good in economic or legal passages.

Brown-Driver-Briggs (BDB)

BDB10013 H8255 H8625 H4484

תְּקֵל noun [masculine] shekel (see Biblical Hebrew שֶׁקֶל; ᵑ7 תִּקְלָא); — absolute ׳ת Dan 5:25; Dan 5:27 see מְנֵא and references

BDB9009 H8255

שֶׁ֫קֶל₈₇ noun masculine^{Lev 27:6} a weight, shekel (originally = weight; late Hebrew = coin GACooke^{Inscr. 356}); — absolute ׳שׁ Amos 8:5 +, שָׁ֑קֶל Exod 38:29 +; plural שְׁקָלִים Josh 7:21 +; construct שִׁקְלֵי 1Chr 21:25 — shekel, as standard weight Amos 8:5 of weight of bronze armour 1Sam 17:5, iron spear-head v1Sam 17:7, +2Sam 21:16b (see מִשְׁקָל), hair 2Sam 14:26, food Ezek 4:10 implying value, of wedge of gold Josh 7:21 (JE); of nails in temple (gold) 2Chr 3:9 usually a definite weight of silver (used in payment. or valuation) Exod 21:32 (E), Josh 7:21 (JE), 1Sam 9:8; 2Sam 24:24; 2Kgs 7:1 (twice in verse); 2Kgs 7:16 (twice in verse); 2Kgs 7:18 (twice in verse); 2Kgs 15:20; Jer 32:9; Ezek 45:12 (twice in verse) (see infra), and ( = coin, from time of Darius I) Neh 5:15; Neh 10:33; Lev 5:15; Lev 27:3; Lev 27:4; Lev 27:5 (twice in verse) (all P), +53 t. P; also ׳מַחֲצִית הַשּׁ Exod 30:13 (twice in verse); Exod 30:15; Exod 38:26 (= בֶּקַל), all half-shekel, atonement-money; compare ׳שְׁלִישִׁית הַשּׁ Neh 10:33 one-third; also ׳רֶבַע שׁ 1Sam 9:8 one-fourth if shekel; ׳שׁ = 20 גֵּרָה (׳ג otherwise unknown) Ezek 45:12; Exod 30:13; Lev 27:25; Num 3:47 50 ׳שׁ = one maneh Ezek 45:12 (read וַחֲמִשִּׁים for וחמשׁה [and עֶשְׂרֵה for עֲשָׂרָה preceding], ᵐ5^A Boeckh Hi-Sm Co Toy Da Krae Berthol); הַקֹּדֶשׁ ׳שׁ Exod 30:13; Exod 30:24; Lev 5:15; Num 3:47; Num 3:50; Num 7:13 + 21 t. P; land estimated in ׳שׁ of gold 1Chr 21:25 ׳שׂ also often omitted after number — ׳שׁ was of two standards, one one-half the other; actual weights (and values) varied, but most persistent were: (1) gold, 252 2/3 grams Troy (or 126 1/3), modern equivalent approximately £2 1 S., or $10; (2) silver, 224 1/2 grams (nearly 1/2 ounce) = הַקֹּדֶשׁ ׳שׁ (see above), or 112 1/4, modern equivalent approximately 2s. 9d., or 67 with; בְּאֶבֶן הַמֶּלֶךְ ׳שׁ 2Sam 14:26 is dubious; if late (Bu HPS Löhr Now) it probably reference to a Babylonian or Persian scale (compare S-C^pap באבני מלכא often); 60 (or 50) ׳שׁ = 1 mina, 60 minas= 1 talent(see מָנֶה ,כִּכָּר). See especially ARSK^{Hast. DB WEIGHTS AND MEASURES,and MONEY}.

Strong's Definition H8255

shekels, shekel

šeqel

probably a weight; used as a commercial standard

shekel

the chief unit of weight or measure

gold (1/10000 of a talent and equal to 220 grains)

Variations 14 forms of this word

Translations 14 English renderings

Shekel Money

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Word Parts

הַ מָּנֶ֖ה

הַ

Prefix — article the

מָּנֶ֖ה

Root word pound, maneh

Dictionary form: מָנֶה · maw-NEH

Vowels & Accents

Hebrew Alephbet

Grammar Td/Ncmsa

Noun — Common, masculine singular, absolute state

הַ	Speech Particle Type Definite Article
מָּנֶה	Speech Noun Type Common Gender Masculine Number Singular State Absolute

In English

In the KJV here: your maneh

pound ×4 your maneh ×1

More options

mina — Standard modern scholarly term for this ancient unit.

unit of weight — Clear generic rendering when audience is unfamiliar with mina.

maneh — Retains Hebrew term; suits formal or study translations.

pound — Modernizes KJV; risks confusion with imperial pound.

Brown-Driver-Briggs (BDB)

BDB4712 H4488

מָנֶה noun masculine maneh, mina, a weight (perhaps originally a specific part; Late Hebrew id.; Assyrian manû Dl^{HWB 417}; Aramaic , מַנְיָא); — ׳מ Ezek 45:12 מָנִים 1Kgs 10:17 + 3 t.; = 50 shekels Ezek 45:12 (on חֲמִשִּׁים for חֲמִשָּׁה see Hi Co); of gold 1Kgs 10:17 of silver Ezra 2:69; Neh 7:71; Neh 7:72. — The weight of the mina was 1/60 of talent; i.e. according to older (Babylonian) standard, 982.2 grammes (= 60 shekels at approximately 16.37 g.) = approximately 2 lbs.; in Ezekiel's time the mina = 50 shekels = 818.6 g. = approximately 1 2/3 lb. (compare כִּכָּר, שֶׁקֶל). See J. Benz^{Archaeology 187 ff.} 194 Now^{Archaeology i. 208 f}.

Strong's Definition H4488

pound, maneh

māne

properly, a fixed weight or measured amount, i.e., (technically) a maneh or mina

maneh, mina, pound

60 shekels and 1/50 talent (of silver)

1/60 talent in early Babylonian standard

Variations 2 forms of this word

Translations 2 English renderings

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Word Parts

יִֽהְיֶ֥ה

Root word be, pass, was, were, came, …

Dictionary form: הָיָה · haw-YAW

Vowels & Accents

Hebrew Alephbet

Grammar Vqi3ms

Verb — Qal, Imperfect (Yiqtol), third person masculine singular simple action — "he did" not-yet-complete action — try "he will ___" or "he ___s" the built-in subject is "he (or it)"

יִֽהְיֶה

Speech Verb Stem Qal Type Imperfect (Yiqtol) Person Third Person Gender Masculine Number Singular

Verb Chart

Full verb chart

In English

In the KJV here: shall be

and it came to pass ×336 shall be ×333 was ×233 be ×174 came ×133 were ×117 and it shall come to pass ×97 and it shall be ×92

More options

be — Default copula; suits timeless or stative contexts.

become — Prefer when a change of state or transformation is implied.

happen — Fits narrative events; modernizes 'come to pass'.

occur — Formal register; good for reported events or incidents.

exist — Emphasizes being or presence rather than action.

take place — Idiomatic for scheduled or unfolding events.

Brown-Driver-Briggs (BDB)

BDB2100 H3068 H3069 H1961 H430 H589 H2022 H6635

יהוה_{c. 6823} i.e. יַהְוֶה proper name, of deity Yahweh, the proper name of the God of Israel — (

1. ᵑ0 יְהוָֺה^C518 (Qr אֲדֹנָי), or יֱהוִֺה₃₀₅ (Qr אֱלֹהִים), in the combinations אדני יהוה & יהוה אדני (see אֲדֹנֶי), and with preposition בַּיהוָֺה, לַיהוָֺה, מֵיהוָֺה (Qr בַּאדֹנָי, לַאדֹנָי, מֵאדֹנָי), do not give the original form. ᵐ5 and other Vrss follow the Qr. On the basis of Exod 20:7; Lev 24:11 יהוה was regarded as a nomen ineffabile (see Philo^{de Vita Mosis iii. 519, 529}), called by the Jews הַשֵּׁם and by the Samaritans שׁימא. The pronunciation Jehovah was unknown until 1520, when it was introduced by Galatinus; but it was contested by Le Mercier, J. Drusius, and L. Capellus, as against grammatical and historical propriety (compare Bö^{§ 88}). The traditional Ἰαβέ of Theodoret and Epiphanius, the יָֿהוּ, יְהוֺֿ of compound proper name and the contracted form יָהּ all favour יַהְוֶךְ (compare יַהֲלֹמ֑וּן Ps 74:6 תַּהֲרוּ Isa 33:11), see Lag^{Sym i.14} Baud^{Studien i.179 ff.}; Dr^{Stud.Bib.i.1 ff.} For Jeve see Sta^{ZAW 1881, 346} De^{ib.1882, 173 f. & Gn. Excurs. ii.}

2. on literature of interpretations see Nes^Eg.67 Dr^{l.c. — Many recent scholars explain} יַהְוֶה as Hiph`il of היה (=היה) the one bringing into being, life-giver (compare חַוָּה Gen 3:20) Schr HSch; giver of existence, creator, Kue Tiele; he who brings to pass (so already Le Clerc),performer of his promises, Lag, Nes^Eg.88 (but Nes^{Eg.91 inclines to Qal as} RS^{Brit. & For. Ev. Rev} see below); or from היה he who causes to fall, rain or lightning RS^{OTJC.ed.1, 423; om.ed.2, 245}, compare We^{Skizzen iii.175}; 'Fäller,' destroying foes, Sta^G.i.429 (dubiously). But most take it as Qal of הוה (= היה); the one who is: i.e. the absolute and unchangeable one, Ri; the existing, ever living, as self-consistent and unchangeable, Di; or the one ever coming into manifestation as the God of redemption, De Oehl; compare also RS^{Brit. & For. Ev. Rev. 1876}, he will be it, i.e all that his servants look for (compare Ew^infr), he will approve himself (give evidence of being, assert his being Dr^l.c.17)).

**Theories of non-Hebrew or non-Semitic origin, opposed (in their older forms) by Bau^{Rel. i. 181 ff. (see especially 230)}; Dl^{Pa 162 ff.} claimed Babylonian origin for יהו, against this Kue^{national Religions, etc., Note iv (Eng. Trans. 329 ff.)} Jastr^{JBL xiil {1894}, 103 f.} compare Hpt^{BAS i. 170 N}; Dl^{Babel u. Bibel, 46 f., 73 f.} makes same claim for יהוה, against this see especially Hirsch^{ZAW xxiil {1903}, 355 ff.} Zim^{KATS. 465 ff.}; Spiegelb^{ZMG:liii {1899}, 633 ff.} proposes (improbable) Egyptian etymology for יהוה; further discussions see in Kö^{EB NAMES, § 112 and n.3}. 'Jehovah' found in Jacob (? Johannes) Wessel († 1480), according to Schw^{ThLZ, 1905, col. 612}.

I. יהוה is not used by E in Genesis, but is given Exod 3:12-15 as the name of the God who revealed Himself to Moses at Horeb, and is explained thus : אֶהְיֶה עִמָּ֑ךְ I shall be with thee (Exod 3:12), which is then implied in אֶהְיֶה אֲשֶׁר אֶהְיֶה I shall be the one who will be it vExod 3:14a (i.e: with thee vExod 3:12) and then compressed into אֶהְיֶה vExod 3:14b (i.e. with thee vExod 3:12), which then is given in the nominal form יהוה He who will be it vExod 3:15 (i.e. with thee vExod 3:12). compare Ew^{BTh ii. 337, 338} RS^{l.c., Proph. 385 ff.} Other interpretations are: I am he who I am, i.e. it is no concern of yours (Le Clerc Lag^{Psalt.Hieron.156}); I am (this is my name), inasmuch as I am (אֲשֶׁר = כִּי; AE JDMich We^JD Th xxi, 540 = compare Hexateuch 72); Di and others I am who I am, he who is essentially unnameable, inexplicable, — E uses יהוה sparingly by the side of אלהים and האלהים in his subsequent narrative. The Ephraimitic writers in Judges Samuel Kings use it in similar proportions. P abstains from the use of יהוה until he gives an account of its revelation to Moses Exod 6:3 but subsequently uses it freely. He gives no explanation of its meaning. He represents that אֵל שַׁדַּי was the God of the patriarchs. J uses יהוה from the beginning of his narrative, possibly explaining it, Gen 21:83 by אל עולם, the evergreen tamarisk being a symbol of the ever-living God; compare De Gen 21:33. Elsewhere יהוה is the common divine name in pre-exilic writers, but in post-exilic writers gradually falls into disuse, and is supplanted by אלהים and אדני. In Job it is used 31 t. in prose parts, and Job 12:9 (a proverb); not elsewhere in the poem. Chronicles apart from his sources prefers אלהים and האלהים. Daniel uses יהוה only in chap. 9 (7 t.); Ecclesiastes not at all. In the Elohistic group of Psalm 42-83 it is used 39 t. (see אלהים) . It occurs as the name of Israel's God MI¹⁸. It is doubtful whether it was used by other branches of the Shemitic family, compare COT Gen 2:4b Dl^{Pa 158 ff.} Dr^{Stud. Bib. i. 7 ff}.

II. 1. יהוה is used with אלהים and suffixes, especially in D;
a. with אֱלֹהֶיךָ in the Ten Words Exod 20:2-12 (5 t.) = Deut 5:6-16 in the law of worship of J E, Exod 23:19; Exod 34:24; Exod 34:26 in D 234 t.; Josh 1:9; Josh 1:17; Josh 9:9; Josh 9:24 (D²); elsewhere Gen 27:20; Exod 15:26 (JE), Judg 6:26 Samuel & Kings 20 t.; 1Chr 11:2; 1Chr 22:11; 1Chr 22:12; 2Chr 9:8 (twice in verse); 2Chr 16:7; Isa 7:11; Isa 37:4 (twice in verse); Isa 41:13; Isa 43:3; Isa 51:15; Isa 55:5; Jer 40:2 + (3t.); Hos 12:10; Hos 13:4; Hos 14:2; Amos 9:15; Ps 81:11.
b. with אֱלֹהֵיכֶם in D 46 t.; D² 28 t.; H 15 t.; P 15 t.; elsewhere Exod 23:25 (E); Exod 8:24; Exod 10:8; Exod 10:16; Exod 10:17 (JE); Judg 6:10; 1Sam 12:12; 1Sam 12:14; 2Kgs 17:39; 2Kgs 23:21; 1Chr 22:18 + (10 t. Chronicles) Ps 76:12; Jer 13:16 + (5 t.) Ezek 20:5; Ezek 20:7; Ezek 20:19; Ezek 20:20; Joel 2:13 + (6 t.) Zech 6:15.
c. with אֱלֹהֵינוּ in D 23 t.; in D² 5 t.; Exod 8:6 (JE) Exod 3:18; Exod 5:3; Exod 8:22; Exod 8:23; Exod 10:25; Exod 10:26 (E) Judg 11:24; 1Sam 7:8; 1Kgs 8:57; 1Kgs 8:59; 1Kgs 8:61; 1Kgs 8:65; 2Kgs 18:22; 2Kgs 19:10 = Isa 36:7; Isa 37:20; 1Chr 13:2 + (15 t. Chronicles) Mic 4:5; Mic 7:17; Isa 26:13; Jer 3:22 + (17 t.) Ps 20:8; Ps 90:17 (?;Baer אֲדנָֹי); Ps 94:23; Ps 99:5; Ps 99:8; Ps 99:9 (twice in verse); Ps 105:7; Ps 106:47; Ps 113:5; Ps 122:9; Ps 123:2; Dan 9:10; Dan 9:13; Dan 9:14.
d. with אֱלֹהֵיהֶם Exod 10:7 (J) Exod 29:46 (twice in verse); Lev 26:44 (P) Judg 3:7; Judg 8:34; 1Sam 12:9; 1Kgs 9:9; 2Kgs 17:7; 2Kgs 17:9; 2Kgs 17:14; 2Kgs 17:16; 2Kgs 17:19; 2Kgs 18:12; 2Chr 31:6; 2Chr 33:17; 2Chr 34:33; Neh 9:3 (twice in verse); Neh 9:4; Jer 3:21; Jer 22:9; Jer 30:9; Jer 43:1 (twice in verse); Jer 50:4; Ezek 28:26; Ezek 34:30; Ezek 39:22; Ezek 39:28; Hos 1:7; Hos 3:5; Hos 7:10; Zeph 2:7; Hag 1:12 (twice in verse); Zech 9:16; Zech 10:6.
e. with אֱלֹהָיו Num 23:21 (E) Exod 32:11 (J) Lev 4:22 (P) Deut 17:19; Deut 18:7; 1Sam 30:6; 1Kgs 5:17; 1Kgs 11:4; 1Kgs 15:3; 1Kgs 15:4; 1Kgs 2:11; 1Kgs 16:2; 1Kgs 2:1 + 13 t. Chronicles; Mic 5:3; Jer 7:28; Ps 33:12; Ps 144:15; Ps 146:5; Jonah 2:2. feminine with אֱלֹהַי Num 22:18 (JE) Deut 4:5; Deut 18:16; Deut 26:14; Josh 14:8; Josh 14:9; 2Sam 24:24; 1Kgs 3:7; 1Kgs 5:18; 1Kgs 5:19; 1Kgs 8:28; 1Kgs 17:20; 1Kgs 17:21; 1Chr 21:17; 1Chr 22:7; 2Chr 2:3; 2Chr 6:19; 2Chr 9:5; Ps 7:2; Ps 7:4; Ps 13:4; Ps 18:29; Ps 30:3; Ps 30:13; Ps 35:24; Ps 40:6; Ps 104:1; Ps 109:26; Isa 25:1; Jer 31:18; Dan 9:4; Dan 9:20; Jonah 2:7; Hab 1:12; Zech 11:4; Zech 13:9; Zech 14:5.
g. with אֱלֹהַיִךְ Isa 60:9; Jer 2:17; Jer 2:19; Jer 3:13; Mic 7:10; Zeph 3:17.
h. with אלהים, probably always due to later editors, or to a Qr which has crept into the text Gen 2:4b — Gen 3:23 (J, 20 t. either אלהים inserted by R^P as Di De; or יהוה inserted by J in an older source); Exod 9:30 (J, but not in ᵐ5 ⅏; Samaritan אדני יהוה; possibly ᵑ0 from earlier Qr, & ⅏ from later Qr); 2Sam 7:22; 2Sam 7:25 (ᵐ5 אדני יהוה and 1Chr 17:20-23 only יהוה); 1Chr 17:16; 1Chr 17:17 (but 2Sam 7:18; 2Sam 7:19 אדני יהוה) 1Chr 28:20; 1Chr 29:1; 2Chr 1:9; 2Chr 6:41 (twice in verse); 2Chr 6:42; 2Chr 26:18 (but in the original Ps 132:8 stood יהוה (so ℌ), or else no divine name); Ps 72:18 (the late doxology) Ps 84:12 (but it makes the line too long); Jonah 4:6. For the combinations with other divine names see those names.

2. the phrase אֲנִי יהוה is noteworthy: —
a. after אמר either alone Exod 6:2; Exod 6:29 (P) or before relative and other clauses: Gen 28:13 (J) Gen 15:7 (R) Exod 6:6 (P) with אלהיכם Judg 6:10; Ezek 20:5.
b. after ידע כי (α) Exod 7:17; Exod 8:18; Exod 10:2 (J); Exod 7:5; Exod 14:4; Exod 14:18 (P); 1Kgs 20:13; 1Kgs 20:28; Jer 24:7; Ezek 6:7 + 48 t. Ezekiel; (β) with אלהיכם Exod 6:7; Exod 16:12; Deut 29:5 (P) Exod 20:20; Joel 4:17 (γ) with אלהיהם Exod 29:46 (P) Ezek 28:26; Ezek 34:30; Ezek 39:22; Ezek 39:28 (δ) before relative and other clauses Isa 45:3; Isa 49:23; Isa 49:26; Isa 60:16; Ezek 7:9; Ezek 17:24; Ezek 21:10; Ezek 22:22; Ezek 35:12; Ezek 36:36 (ε) with various forms of קדשׁ Exod 31:13 (P) Ezek 20:12; Ezek 37:28; Ezek 39:7 (ζ) with דברתי Ezek 5:13; Ezek 17:21, compare ׳יֵדְעוּ אשׁר אני י Ezek 20:26.
c. after כִּי in various combinations Lev 11:44; Lev 11:45; Num 35:34 (P), Lev 20:7; Lev 20:26; Lev 21:8; Lev 21:15; Lev 21:23; Lev 22:16; Lev 24:22; Lev 25:17; Lev 26:1; Lev 26:44 (all H); Exod 15:26 (R) Isa 41:13; Isa 43:3; Isa 61:8; Jer 9:23; Ezek 12:25; Ezek 21:4; Zech 10:6; Mal 3:6.
d. emphatic Exod 6:8; Exod 12:12; Lev 26:2; Lev 26:45; Num 3:13; Num 3:41; Num 3:45 (all P); Lev 18:5; Lev 18:6; Lev 18:21; Lev 19:12; Lev 19:14; Lev 19:16; Lev 19:18; Lev 19:28; Lev 19:30; Lev 19:32; Lev 19:37; Lev 21:12; Lev 22:2; Lev 22:3; Lev 22:8; Lev 22:30; Lev 22:31; Lev 22:33 (all H) Isa 43:15 with אלהיהם Exod 29:46 with אלהיךָ Isa 48:17 with אלהיכם Lev 23:43; Lev 25:38; Lev 25:55; Num 10:10; Num 15:41 (twice in verse) (P) Lev 18:2; Lev 18:4; Lev 18:30; Lev 19:2; Lev 19:3; Lev 19:4; Lev 19:10; Lev 19:25; Lev 19:31; Lev 19:34; Lev 19:36; Lev 20:24; Lev 23:22; Lev 26:13 (all H) Ezek 20:7; Ezek 20:19; Joel 2:27 with מְקַדֵּשׁ Lev 20:8; Lev 22:9; Lev 22:32 (H), with דברתי Num 14:35 (P) Ezek 5:15 + (11 t. Ezekiel); with clauses Isa 27:3; Isa 41:4; Isa 41:17; Isa 42:6; Isa 42:8; Isa 45:5; Isa 45:6; Isa 45:7; Isa 45:8; Isa 45:18; Isa 45:19; Isa 45:21; Isa 60:22; Jer 17:10; Jer 32:27; Ezek 14:4; Ezek 14:7; Ezek 14:9; Ezek 34:24 אָנֹכִי יהוה is used in the Ten Words Exod 20:2; Exod 20:5 = Deut 5:6; Deut 5:9 cited Ps 81:11; Hos 12:10; Hos 13:4 elsewhere only Exod 4:11 (J) Isa 43:11; Isa 44:24; Isa 51:15.

3. יהוה is also used with several predicates, to form sacred names of holy places of Yahweh יהוה יראה Gen 22:14 (J); יהוה נסי Exod 17:15 (E) יהוה שׁלים Judg 6:24 יהוה צדקנו Jer 33:16 (compare Jer 23:6 where it is applied to the Messiah); יהוה שָׁ֑מָּה Ezek 48:35. — On combinations such as ׳הַר י, צְבָאוֺת ׳י etc., see הַר, צָבָא, etc.

Note. — Bonk^{ZAW 1891, 126 ff.} seems to shew that as prefix, in compare proper name, יְהוֺ is the oldest and the latest form and that יוֺ is intermediate, belonging to the earlier post-exilic period until the time of Chronicles; occasional copyists' mistakes being taken into the account.

BDB2145 H1961

הָיָה₃₅₇₀ verb fall out, come to pass, become, be (SI¹; SI⁶ היה, ib³ הית; parallel form of הוה, Arabic , Aramaic הֲוָא, ; see הָוָה above) —

Qal Perfect 3 masculine singular הָיָה Gen 3:1 +; וְהָיָה consecutive Gen 4:14 +; 3 feminine singular הָֽיְתָה Gen 1:2 +; הָיָ֑תָה Isa 14:24 + 3 t.; וְהָֽיְתָה consecutive Gen 9:13 +; והית2Kgs 9:37 Kt (Qr וְהָֽיְתָה); 2 masculine singular הָיִיתָ Deut 5:15 +; 1 singular הָיִיתִיGen 31:40 3 plural הָיוּ Gen 6:4 +; 2 masculine plural הֱיִיתֶ ם Exod 22:20 +; וִהְיִיתֶם consecutive Gen 3:5 +; 1 plural הָיִינוּIsa 1:9 +; etc.; Imperfect 3 masculine singular יִהְיֶה Gen 1:29 +; jussive יְהִיGen 1:3 +; יֶהִ֑י Ezek 16:15 וִיהִיGen 1:6 +; וַיְהִי Gen 1:3 +; וַיֶּ֑הִי Ps 33:9; Ezek 16:19 3 feminine singular תִּהְיֶה Gen 21:30 +; 1 singular אֶהְיֶה Exod 3:12 +; וָאֶהְיֶה2Sam 7:6 + 9 t.; וָאֱהִי Judg 18:4 + 12 t.; 3 masculine plural יִהְיוּ Gen 6:19 +; 3 feminine plural תִּהְיֶינָהIsa 16:2 + 19 t.; תִּהְיֶין֣Gen 41:36 + 11 t.; וְתִהְיֶנָה Jer 18:21; Jer 48:6 וַתִּהְיֶינָה 2Sam 20:3 + 6 t.; וַתִּהְיֶיןָGen 26:35; 1Sam 25:43 וַתִּהְיֶנָה 1Chr 7:15 2 masculine plural תִהְיוּ Gen 34:15 +; תִהְיוּן Exod 22:20 1 plural נִהְיֶה Gen 38:23 +; וַנִּהְיֶה2Sam 11:23; Jer 44:17 וַנְּהִי Num 13:33; Isa 64:5, etc.; Imperative masculine singular הֱיֵה Exod 18:19 +; feminine singular הֲיִיGen 24:60 masculine plural הֱיוּExod 19:15; Num 16:16, וִהְיוּ 1Sam 4:9 + 6 t.; Infinitive absolute הָיוֺ Gen 18:18 + 3 t.; הָיֹה 1Kgs 13:32; Ezek 1:3 construct הֱיוֺת Gen 2:18 +, so read probably also for הֱיֵה Ezek 21:15 compare Sm Kö^{i. p. 600 f.} (Co em. היהלֿה to הָהֵל shine, glitter); with prefix בִּהְיוֺת Exod 5:13 +, בִּהְיֹת Exod 19:16 +; לִהְיוֺת Gen 10:8 +, לִהְיֹת Exod 23:1 +; suffix הֱיוֺתִי Jonah 4:2 הֱיוֺתְךָ Judg 18:19 (twice in verse); לִהְיֹתְךָ Deut 26:10, etc.; Participle feminine הוֺיָה Exod 9:3.

I. 1. a. Fall out, happen מֶההָֿיָה הַדָּבָר 1Sam 4:16 how has the matter fallen out, (gone, turned out) ? so 2Sam 1:4 מֶההָֿיָה לוֺ Exod 32:1; Exod 32:23 (both J E) what has happened to him? compare 1Sam 10:12 מִקְרֶה הוּא הָיָה לָנוּ 1Sam 6:9 a chance it is that has befallen us; also וַיְהִילֿוֺ כֵּן 2Kgs 7:20 and so it happened to him, compare וַיְהִיכֵֿן below
b. occur, take place, come about, come to pass: — גְדוֺלָה הָֽיְתָה בָּעָם מַגֵּפָה 1Sam 4:17 a great slaughter has taken place among the people, compare 2Sam 17:9 וַתְּהִי הַמִּלְחָמָה בְּיַעַר אֶפְרַיִם 2Sam 18:6 and the battle took place in the wood of Ephraim (on אפרים compare Klo Dr); Josh 22:17 (P; of plague); תְּהִי נָא אָלָה Gen 26:28 (J) let an oath take place (be taken) so Judg 21:5 compare 2Kgs 17:7 (si vera lectio), Ezek 16:34 especially late, 2Chr 29:36; 2Chr 32:31; Eccl 1:9; Eccl 1:10; Eccl 3:22; Eccl 8:7; Eccl 10:14 etc.; often of fulfilment of prediction, command, expectation, etc.: — כֵּן הָיָה Gen 41:3 (E) so it came to pass, 2Sam 13:25, וַיְהִיכֵֿן Judg 6:38; 2Kgs 15:12; Isa 29:5, & especially וַיְהִיכֵֿן Gen 1:7; Gen 1:9; Gen 1:11; Gen 1:15; Gen 1:24; Gen 1:30 (all P) +; יְהִי כִדְבָרֶ֑ךָ Gen 30:34 let it be as thou sayest, Zech 6:15, see also לֹא תָקוּם וְלֹא יִהְיֶה Isa 7:7 it shall not arise (be realized) & shall not come about, Isa 14:34 (so often בּוֺא q. v. 2 c, p. 98 above)

2. especially & very often, come about, come to pass followed by substantive (subject) clause almost always + modifying (usually temporal) clause or phrase:
a. ( I) וַיְהִי and it came to pass that, most often (c. 292 t.) followed by
(a) Imperfect consecutive: a. with Infinitive with כְּ temporal Gen 12:14; Gen 19:17 (both J) + 75 t. + Esth 3:4 Qr (Hexateuch chiefly J, — so always Genesis, — & J E; P only Exod 16:10, D only Deut 5:20; Deut 31:24; Josh 5:1; Josh 9:1 27 t. in Kings), — somewhat different is 2Kgs 7:18 β. with Infinitive with בְּ Gen 4:8; Gen 11:2 (both J) + 29 t. + Esth 3:4 Kt (in Hexateuch 10 t. J E; 3 t. P, Gen 19:29; Exod 34:29; Num 17:7 not in D); γ. with בְּ followed by temporal noun (יוֺם, בֹּקֶר, etc.) Gen 21:22 (E) Gen 26:32 (J) + 45 t. (Hes 14 t. J E; 3 t. P, Exod 6:28; Exod 16:13; Num 7:1 not D); δ. לְ temporal 1Sam 1:20; 2Sam 13:23; 1Kgs 20:26; 1Chr 20:1 ε. כְּ temporal Gen 39:11; 1Sam 25:38 ζ. מִן temporal namely: מֵאָז Gen 39:5, מִיּוֺם 1Sam 7:2 compare 1Sam 30:25, מִיָּמִים Judg 11:4; Judg 15:1, מִקֵּץ Gen 4:3; Gen 8:6 + 6 t., מִקְצֵה Josh 3:2; 2Kgs 8:3; Ezek 3:16, especially מִמָּחֳרָת Gen 19:34; Exod 18:13 + 11 t.; η. כַּאֲשֶׁר temporal Gen 12:11 (J) Gen 20:13 (E) + 31 t. (Hexateuch 13 t. J E, Deut 2:16, not P), characteristic of Nehemiah's memoris, Neh 3:33; Neh 4:1; Neh 4:6; Neh 4:9; Neh 6:1; Neh 6:16; Neh 7:1; Neh 13:19 θ. with כִּי temporal Gen 6:1 (J) Exod 3:21 (E) + 14 t. + Judg 16:25 Kt; ι. אַחֲרֵי temporal Gen 22:20 (J) + 13 t., אַחַר Gen 39:7; Job 42:7, אַחֲרֵיכֵֿן Judg 16:14 + 6 t.; κ. followed by עַד temporal 1Sam 14:19 (on which compare Dr); compare עַדכֹּֿה וְעַדכֹּֿה 1Kgs 18:45 λ. with combinations; as בְּ with temporal noun + בְּ Infinitive Gen 34:25; Exod 19:16; 1Sam 25:37 בְּ Infinitive + כְּ Infinitive Josh 3:14 double preposition כְּמִשְּׁלשׁ חֳדָשִׁים Gen 38:24 מִקְצֵה + אַחֲרֵי אֲשֶׁר Josh 9:16 מִיָּמִים + id. Josh 23:1 μ. other unusual constructions under this head are: those where temporal idea is expressed by a circumstantial clause Isa 22:7; 1Kgs 13:20; 2Kgs 8:21 (Dr^{§ 165, &} Οβς.) = 2Chr 21:9 those with indefinite כֹּל 1Sam 10:11; 2Sam 2:23; 2Sam 15:2, or with participle = rel. clause 1Sam 11:1 (on all see Dr^{§ 78 n.} & Sm); quite unique is 1Kgs 16:31, with הֲנָקֵל ׳לָכְתּוֺ וגוin place of temporal clause
(b) וַיְהִי sometimes followed by simple Perfect, with a negative Gen 39:10 (with כְּ Infinitive), Exod 13:17 (with בְּ Infinitive) 2Kgs 12:7; 2Kgs 17:25 (both with בְּ temporal); & without negative, Gen 8:13 (P) Gen 14:1 +, usually with בְּ temporal (38 t.), Hexateuch chiefly P; rarely with other preposition & adverb as above; note especially מִדֵּי followed by Infinitive 1Sam 18:30; 2Chr 12:11 sometimes the subject of following Perfect precedes it with וְ, as Gen 22:1; Gen 41:1; 1Sam 18:19; 1Sam 30:1; 2Kgs 2:9; 2Kgs 4:40 +; note especially 2Sam 17:27 where several subject & also several objects precede the Perfect (compare Dr); in these cases temporal modifier is occasionally a circumstantial clause 2Sam 13:30; 1Kgs 8:10; 2Kgs 19:37 = Isa 37:38 rarely subject precedes Perfect without וְ 1Kgs 11:4; 1Kgs 21:1, compare subject preceding Participle without וְ Neh 4:10 in 2Chr 8:1 the object (with וְ) precedes what is apparently the principal verb
(c) וַיְהִי followed by וְהִנֵּה Gen 24:15 (J; טֶרֶם in temporal clause), Gen 29:25 (E), Gen 38:27 (J, both בְּ temporal) vGen 38:29 (כְּ Participle), 1Sam 13:10 (כְּ Infinitive); also 2Sam 1:2; 2Sam 13:36; 2Sam 15:32 (circumstantial clause) 2Kgs 2:11 (id.), 2Kgs 3:20; 2Kgs 13:21 (circumstantial clause).
(d) rarely וַיְהִי (in this sense) followed by other constructions: אָז יִתֵּן 1Kgs 9:10 (with מִקְצֵה); Imperfect frequentative 1Kgs 14:28 (with מִדֵּיבּֿאֹ), 2Kgs 4:8 (with מִדֵּי עָבְרוֺ) Jer 36:23 (with כְּ Infinitive); Perfect consecutive frequentative 2Chr 24:11 (with בְּ temporal). (2) rarely also Perfect with וְ conjunctive וְהָיָה (compare Dr^{§ 183}) followed by Imperfect consecutive as subject clause: 1Sam 1:12 (c. several circumstantial clause), 1Sam 10:9 (with כְּ Infinitive) 2Kgs 3:15 (id.), 1Sam 17:48 (with כִּי), Jer 37:11 (with בְּ Infinitive), Amos 7:2 (with אִם temporal); also Jer 3:9 (apparently with מִן causative, but obscure); 1Sam 13:22 (with בְּ temporal) is followed by וְלֹא & Perfect as well as Imperfect consecutive
b. less often וְהָיָה Perfect consecutive and it shall come to pass, or frequentative,came to pass (repeatedly, etc.) usually
(a) followed by simple Imperfect (c. 100 t.): a. with בְּ temporal Deut 21:16; Deut 25:19 + 37 t., (especially בַּיּוֺם הַהוּא Hos 2:18; Hos 2:33; Isa 7:18; Isa 7:21; Isa 7:23 + 21 t.); β. with בְּ local Ezek 47:23; Zech 13:8 compare also Hos 2:1 (בִּמְקוֺם אֲשֶׁר, but perhaps = instead of, compare VB); γ. with indefinite rel. clause, or its equivalents (כֹּל indefinite, etc.), compare Dr^{§ 121}, Obs. 1: Gen 4:14; Num 17:20; Deut 12:11; Deut 18:19; Josh 7:14; Josh 7:15; Judg 7:4; 1Sam 2:36; 1Sam 17:25; 2Sam 15:35; 1Kgs 19:17; 1Kgs 20:6; Isa 4:3; Isa 24:18; Nah 3:7; Jer 27:8; Jer 42:4; Ezek 47:9; Zech 14:17; Joel 3:5 δ. with כַּאֲשֶׁר Num 33:56; Deut 28:63; Josh 23:15; Judg 7:17; Isa 29:8; Jer 31:28; Zech 8:13 ε. less often with other modifying phrase: כְּ Infinitive Exod 33:8; Exod 33:9 (both frequentative), Josh 3:13; Josh 8:8; Jer 25:12; Jer 51:63 בְּ Infinitive Gen 9:14 (P) 2Kgs 4:10; Ezek 44:17 אִם of condition Deut 20:11 (+ vDeut 20:11 Dr^{§ 118 n}.), also Josh 22:18, where the arrangement is peculiar, & the condition is expressed without אִם (compare Dr^{§ 155}); לְ temporal Deut 23:12 מִקֵּץ Isa 23:17 טֶרֶם Isa 65:24 מִדֵּי חֹדֶשׁ בְּחָדְשׁוֺ Isa 66:23, etc.
(b) וְהָיָה followed by Perfect consecutive (c. 85 t.): α. most often + clause with כִּי temporal Gen 12:12; Gen 46:33 (both J) Exod 1:10 (E) Deut 11:29; Isa 8:21 + 25 t.; β. with אִם Exod 4:8; Exod 4:9; Num 15:24; Deut 11:13 + 14 t.; also Gen 38:9; Num 21:9 (both frequentative); γ. with בְּ temporal Gen 30:41 (frequentative) Gen 47:24 (but compare Ol Di) Exod 16:5 + 11 t.; δ. with indefinite rel. clause or equivalent (Dr^{§ 121} Obs. 1): Gen 24:14; Num 10:32 (Dr^{§ 118 n}.) Num 21:18; Deut 21:3; Judg 11:31; Judg 19:30; Zech 14:16 ε. occasionally with other modifying phrase: כַּאֲשֶׁר Gen 27:40 +; כְּ Infinitive Gen 44:31 +; בְּ Infinitive Exod 33:22 +; מִקֵּץ 2Sam 14:26 עֵקֶב causative Deut 7:12 also
(c) followed by וְלֹא + simple Imperfect Exod 3:21 (with כִּי temporal).
(d) וְהָיָה followed by Imperative (very rare) Deut 6:10 (with כִּי temporal), 1Sam 10:7 (with כִּי), compare 1Sam 29:10, compare Perfect consecutive in command 1Sam 3:9 (with אִם).
(e) וְהָיָה followed by simple Perfect (also very rare) Deut 8:19 (with אִם).
(f) וְהָיָה followed by clause without verb: Gen 24:43; Josh 2:19; 1Kgs 18:24 (all with indefinite rel. modifier, or equivalents, see
(a) γ,
(b) δ, above).
(g) וְהָיָה (ו conjunctive) followed by Imperfect consecutive see
a.
(e) above

II. Come into being, become: —

1. a. absolute, in lively narrative, arise, appear, come וַתְּהִי צְעָקָה גְדֹלָהExod 12:80 (J) and there arose a great cry in Egypt; וַיְהִיקֿוֺל Ezek 1:25 (strike out Co compare Da), Ezek 37:7 (strike out קוֺל ᵐ5 Co); כִּי הָֽיְתָה הָֽרְוָחָה Exod 8:11 (J) Pharaoh saw that respite had come; Mic 7:4 now shall come their confusion (|| בוא); also of concrete objects וְהָֽיְתָה הַקֶּשֶׁת בֶּעָנָן Gen 9:16 (P) and the bow shall appear in the clouds (|| וְנִרְאֲתָה) וְרִמָּה לֹא הָֽיְתָה בּוֺ Exod 16:24 (P) and worms did not appear in it; of condition or action begun & continuing, as: famine Gen 12:10; Gen 26:1 (twice in verse) (all J), Gen 41:54 (E), Ruth 1:1; 2Sam 21:1; 2Kgs 6:25 strife Gen 13:7; Gen 13:8 (J), Hab 1:3 (|| מָדוֺן יִשָּׂא); often of action of the elements, as the coming of hail Exod 9:18; Exod 9:24; Exod 9:26 (all J), thunder & lighting, etc., Exod 19:16 (E), rain 1Kgs 18:45, storm Jonah 1:4 especially of creative fiats יְהִי אוֺר וַיְהִי אוֺר Gen 1:3 let light appear, and light appeared, compare vGen 1:5 vGen 1:8 vGen 1:13 vGen 1:19 vGen 1:23 vGen 1:31 (all P); also arise, come on the stage or scene, וְאַחֲרָיו הָיָה שַׁמְגַּר Judg 3:31 and after him arose Shamgar (= וַיָּקָם Judg 10:1); further וַעֲלָטָה הָיָה Gen 15:17 (JE) and darkness came on; הַבֹּקֶר הָיָה Exod 10:13 (J) the morning came, Exod 19:16 (E); וַיְהִי הַיּוֺם 1Sam 1:4 and the day came, when (see Dr), 1Sam 14:1; 2Kgs 4:8; 2Kgs 4:11; 2Kgs 4:18; Job 1:6; Job 1:18; Job 2:1.
b. followed by preposition: בְּ, וְיָדֵנוּ אַלתְּֿהִיבֿוֺ Gen 37:27 (J) but our hand, let it not come upon him, of hand of ׳יּ 1Sam 5:9; 1Sam 7:13; 1Sam 12:15 + (all in hostile sense); בְּכָלשֲֶֿֿׁר יֶשׁלֿוֺ ׳וַיְהִי בִּרְכַּת י Gen 39:5 (J) and the blessing of ׳י came into (on) all that he had; but also of plague Exod 12:13 (P); followed by עַל, וּמֵי הַמַּבּוּל הָיוּ עַלהָֿאָרֶץ Gen 7:10 (J) that the waters of the flood came upon the earth; עָלַי הָיוּ כֻלָּ֑נָה Gen 42:36 (E) Gen 9:2 (P) fear shall come upon, compare Gen 35:25 (P) 2Chr 14:13; 2Chr 17:19; 2Chr 20:29 +; of wrath Josh 22:20; 1Kgs 3:27 so of Saul's evil spirit from God 1Sam 16:16; 1Sam 16:23; 1Sam 19:9 (אֶל); but followed by עַל also in good sense ׳וַתְּהִי עָלָיו רוּחַ י conferring strength & efficiency Judg 3:10; Judg 11:29 (היה = צלח Judg 14:6 + often), compare Num 24:2 (JE) of prophetic power; (on ׳וַתְּהִי לָיו יַד י 2Kgs 3:15; Ezek 3:22 and the like, see יָד); יַד אֱלֹהֵינוּ הָֽיְתָה עָלֵינוּ Ezra 8:31, so Ps 80:18 even וַתְּהִי עַלרֿאֹשׁ דָּוִד 2Sam 12:30 and it (the crown, עֲטֶרֶת) came (i.e. was put, set) on David's head; with a different meaning וַנִּהְיֶה עֲלֵיהֶם עַדפֶּֿתַח הַשָּׁ֑עַר 2Sam 11:23 and we were close upon them even to the gateway (compare We Dr); come, go, follow (followed by אַחֲרֵי) i.e. take the side of, adhere to, Exod 23:2 (JE) 1Sam 12:14; 2Sam 2:10; 1Kgs 12:20; 1Kgs 16:21 followed by לְ of blessings Gen 49:26 (poem); of judgement, punishment Jer 40:3 especially ויהי דבר֗֗֗ אֶל and the word of ... came unto: word of Samuel 1Sam 4:1 usually word of God (or ׳י) Gen 15:1; 1Sam 15:10 +; constantly in prophets: Hos 1:1; Mic 1:1 etc.; especially Jeremiah & Ezekiel: Jer 1:4; Jer 1:11; Jer 1:13; Jer 2:1; Jer 13:8 +; Ezek 3:16; Ezek 6:1; Ezek 7:1; Ezek 11:14; Ezek 11:17; Ezek 11:21; Ezek 11:26; Ezek 12:1; Ezek 12:8 +; so also absolute הָיָה הַמַּשָּׂא הַזֶּה Isa 14:28 in the death-year of king Ahaz came this utterance; also followed by מִן; מַלְכֵי עַמִּים מִמֶּנָּה יִהְיוּ Gen 17:16 (P), וּקְהַל גּוֺיִם יִהְיֶה מִמֶּ֑ךָּ Gen 35:11 (P), וְהָיָה אַדִּירוֺ מִמֶּנּוּ Jer 30:21 (|| מִקִּרְבּוֺ יֵצֵא); הַכֹּל הָיָה מִןהֶֿעָפָר וְהַכֹּל שָׁב אֶל הֶעָפָר Eccl 3:20 all came from the dust, & all return unto the dust; וַיְהִי קֶצֶף גָּדוֺל מֵאֵת צְבָאוֺת ׳י Zech 7:12.

2. become :
a. followed by predicate noun (to be viewed as implicit accusative Dr^{§ 161, 3 n.}, according to the Arabic usage W^{AG ii, § 41. 44. 74}): הִוא הָֽיְתָה אֵם כָּלחָֿ֑י Gen 3:20 (J) it was she that became the mother of all living; וַיְהִי הֶבֶל רֹעֵה צאֹן וְקַיִן הָיָה עֹבֵד אֲדָמָהGen 4:2 (J) and Abel became a shepherd of flocks, while Cain became a tiller of ground; 2Sam 8:14; Mic 2:11 + often
b. followed by predicate adjective Gen 38:7; Exod 36:13 +; compare Gen 37:20 let us see what his dream will become (turn out to be, signify);
c. become like (כְּ), וִהְיִיתֶם כֵּאלֹהִים Gen 3:5 and ye shall become like gods compare vGen 3:22, Num 11:1 (JE), Hos 2:1; Hos 7:11; Isa 9:18; 1Kgs 7:8; Zech 9:7 +; compare Gen 15:5 so (כֹּה) shall thy seed become; specifically of likeness in punishment Isa 1:9; 1Sam 17:36 +; also with כְּ repeated וְהָיָה כָעָם כַּכֹּהֵן Hos 4:9 and the people shall become like the priest (literally, and the like of the people shall become the like of the priest), so especially Isa 24:2 (6 pairs of words as above); וְהָיָה כַצַּדִּיק כָּרָשָׁע Gen 18:25 (J), see כְּ. b + c Gen 27:32 his hands had become like the hands of Esau his brother, hairy.
d. followed by predicate + לְ person וּתְהִי אִשָּׁה לְבֶןאֲֿדֹנֶיךָ Gen 24:51 (J) and let her become wife to the son of thy lord, 1Sam 16:21; 1Kgs 11:25; Ps 89:42; 1Chr 18:6 +; = be instituted, estanblished, וְהָיָה לָהֶםחָקעֿוֺלָם Exod 30:21 (P) and it shall be established for them as a perpetual ordinance (compare f below).
e. followed by לְ predicate: וַיְהִי הָאָדָם לְנֶפֶשׁ חַיָּה Gen 2:7 (J) and the man became a living soul; וְהָיָה לְאַרְבָּעָה רָאשִׁיםGen 2:10 (J) and it became four heads; גַּםהֿוּא יִהְיֶהלְֿעָם Gen 48:19 (J) he too shall become a people; וִהְיוּ לַאֲנָשִׁים 1Sam 4:9 and become (shew yourselves to be) men (|| הִתְחַזְּקוּ; compare with double לְ, f below); Zeph 1:13; Ezek 17:6; Ezek 47:12; Job 16:8 עלמֶלֶךְ עַלכָּֿלהָֿאָרֶץ ׳וְהָיָה י Zech 14:9 וַיְהִי לְמַס עֹבֵד Gen 49:15; Josh 16:10 so often; also in sense of turn into, be changed so as to become, וַיְהִי לְנָחָשׁExod 4:3 and it became a serpent, vExod 4:4; Exod 7:10; Isa 1:22; Deut 26:5 +; figurative וַיְהִי לְמָ֑יִם Josh 7:5 and it (their heart) turned to water, so וְהוּא הָיָה לְאֶבֶן 1Sam 25:37 or, serve as וְהָיוּ לִמְאוֺרֹת Gen 1:15 (P) and they shall become (fulfil the function of, serve as) luminaries, compare vGen 1:14 וְהָיָה לְאוֺת בְּרִית Gen 9:13; Gen 17:11 (both P). feminine often with לְ predicate + לְ person: וַתְּהִי לָהֶם הַלְּבֵנָה לְאָ֑בֶןGen 11:3 (J) and the bricks became (served as) stone for them; וַתְּהִי לִי לְאִשָּׁה Gen 20:12 (E) compare Gen 24:67 (J) +, וַתִּהְיֶינָה מַחְלָה וְחָגְלָה ֗֗֗ לַבְנֵי דֹדֵיהֶן לְנָשִׁים Num 36:11 וְהָיָה לְךָ וְלָהֶם לְאָכְלָה Num 6:21 (P), Exod 2:10; Exod 15:2; Judg 8:27 לִי לֵאלֹהִים ׳וְהָיָה י Gen 28:21 (E); אֲנִי אֶהְיֶה לוֺ לְאָב וְהוּא יִהְיֶהלִֿי לְבֵן 1Chr 17:3 +; = shew or prove oneself as הֱיֵהלִֿי לְבֶןחַֿיִל 1Sam 18:17 shew thyself for me a valiant man (compare 1Sam 4:9 e above); = be instituted, established (compare e above) וְהָיָה לְאַהֲרֹן וּלְבָנָיו לְחָקעֿוֺלָם Exod 29:28 and it shall be instituted for Aaron and his sons as a perpetual ordinance; compare vExod 29:9; Lev 10:15 וְהָֽיְתָה לִהְיֹת לָהֶם מָשְׁחָתָם לִכְהֻנַּת עוֺלָם לְדֹרֹתָם Exod 40:15 (all P).
g. with עַל and לְ 1Sam 22:2 וַיְהִי עֲלֵיהֶם לְשָׂר and he became over them prince.
h. sometimes with לְ person only = become the property of, come into the possession of ׳וַיְהִילֿוֺ צאֹןוּֿבָקָר וְגו Gen 12:15 (J), and he came to have flocks and herds etc., Gen 26:14; Gen 30:43 לֹא לוֺ יִהְיֶה הַזָּ֑רַע Gen 38:9 not his should the seed become; ׳וְהָיָה לי Judg 11:31 it shall become Yah-weh's; Deut 10:9; Josh 13:29; 1Kgs 10:26; 1Kgs 11:3 + often; so of a woman, as wife תְּהִינָֿא לְךָ Judg 15:2 pray let her become thine, compare also וַתְּהִי אֵשֶׁת שִׁמְשׁוֺן לְמֵרֵעֵהוּ Judg 14:20, Hos 3:3; Ruth 1:13; Lev 21:3; Deut 24:2; Jer 3:1; Ezek 16:8 (and also + לְאִשָּׁה, לְנָשִׁים see f above)III. Be (often with subordinate idea of becoming); —

1. exist, be in existence (i.e. originally have come into existence), כָּלהַֿיּמִים אֲשֶׁר הָיָה 1Sam 1:28 all the days which he shall have been (lived, = חַי Gen 5:5 etc., Dr^Sm), Job 3:16; Isa 23:13 often with בְּ local וְכֹל שִׂיחַ הַשָּׂדֶה טֶרֶם יִהְיֶה בָאָרֶץ Gen 2:5 (J) and there was not yet in the earth any shrub of the field; ׳וּבְאֵלֶּה לֹא הָיָה אִישׁ וגו Num 26:64 (P) and among them there was not a man to be found, etc.; also וְלֹא הָיָה כַּיּוֺם הַהוּא לְפָנָיו וְאַחֲרָיו Josh 10:14 (JE) & there hath not been a day like that before it nor since. compare 2Sam 14:25; 2Sam 1:5; 2Sam 21:25; 2Sam 23:25; +; somewhat weaker, in the frequently introductory clause וַיְהִי אִישׁ now there was a man Judg 13:2; 1Sam 1:1; 1Sam 9:1; Num 9:6 (P), Job 1:1 +; on אֶהְיֶה אֲשֶׁר אֶהְיֶה Exod 3:14 see יהוֺה.

2. abide, remain, continue (with word of place or time) וַיְהִי משֶׁה בָּהָר Exod 24:18 and Moses remainded in the mount forty days, etc., so Exod 34:28 (both J E), Judg 17:4; Judg 17:12; 1Sam 6:1; 1Kgs 11:20; 2Kgs 11:3 = 2Chr 22:12 +; also Lev 22:27; Lev 25:28 (both H), etc.; followed by עַד temporal remain until Deut 22:2; 1Kgs 11:40; 2Kgs 15:5; 2Chr 5:9; 2Chr 26:21; Dan 1:21 etc.; compare הוּא יִהְיֶה לְעוֺלָם Eccl 3:14 so also of space followed by עַד extend unto, as far as, Josh 19:10: of net beneath altar, Exod 27:5 shall reach as far as (עַד) the middle of the altar.

3. with word of locality, be in or at a place, be situated stand, lie; בִּהְיוֺתָם בַּשָּׂדֶה Gen 4:8 (J) when they were in the field, הַמָּקוֺם אֲשֶׁרהָֿיָה שָׁם אָהֳלֹה בַּתְּחִלָּה Gen 13:3 (J) the place where his tent had stood at first; וְהָאָרֶץ תִּהְיֶה לִפְנֵיכֶם Gen 34:10 and the land, it lieth before you; compare Josh 19:1; Judg 7:1; Judg 7:8; Mic 5:6; Mic 5:7 followed by עַל be, be found or situated upon Isa 30:25 and there shall be upon every high mountain etc., streams, water-courses; Ezek 37:27 and my dwelling-place shall be over them; figurative of guilt דָּמִים וְהָיָה עָלָיךָ Deut 19:10 and blood (-guilt) be upon thee.

4. as copula, joining subject & predicate: —
a. followed by predicate adjective וַיִּהְיוּ שְׁנֵיהֶם עֲרוּמִּים Gen 2:25, וְהַנָּחָשׁ הָיָה עָרוּם Gen 3:1, בִּהְיוֺתָם כֹּאֲבִים Gen 34:25, וַיְהִי יוֺסֵף יְפֵהתֹֿאַר Gen 39:6; Deut 23:15; Josh 19:9; Judg 11:1; Job 1:1; Job 1:3b 2Chr 7:21.
b. followed by predicate noun Gen 1:2; Gen 9:18; Gen 25:3; Gen 36:14; Gen 40:13; 1Sam 17:34; 1Sam 17:42; 2Sam 8:10; 2Sam 20:25; 1Kgs 10:6; 2Kgs 3:4; 2Kgs 5:1 (twice in verse); 1Chr 9:20; 1Chr 11:20; 1Chr 18:10; 1Chr 26:10; 2Chr 13:7 כִּי לֹאהָֿיָה מֶלֶךְ יִשְׂרָאֵל 2Chr 18:32 (|| 1Kgs 22:33 כִּילֹֿאמֶֿלֶךְ ישׂראל הוּא) +; often of age: וַיְהִי אַבְרָם בֶּןתִּֿשְׁעִים שָׁנָה וְתֵשַׁע שָׁנִים Gen 17:1 (P) 2Kgs 8:17; 2Kgs 14:2; 2Kgs 15:2; 2Kgs 15:33; 2Kgs 18:2; 2Chr 21:20; 2Chr 27:8 +; followed by predicate Infinitive absolute (very anomal.) וְהַמַּיִם הָיוּ הָלוֺךְ וְחָסוֺר Gen 8:5 = amount to, come to, in enumeration of days of life number of people, amounts of money, etc.: Gen 5:4; Gen 5:5; Gen 5:8; Gen 5:11; Gen 5:14; Gen 9:29; Gen 11:32; Gen 23:1 +; Exod 38:24; Num 1:46, etc.
c. followed by adverb & adverbial phrase: לֹאטֿוֺב הֱיוֺת הָאָדָם לְבַדּוֺGen 2:18 (J) it is not good that the man be alone; חָדַל לִהְיוֺת לְשָׂרָה אֹרַה כַּנָּשִׁים Gen 18:11 (J).
d. followed by preposition: (a) be with, accompany with עִם, subject most often ׳י or אלהים with added idea of protection, aid Gen 26:3; Gen 31:3; Gen 39:10; Gen 48:21; Josh 1:3; Josh 6:27; Judg 1:19; Judg 2:18; 1Sam 3:19; 1Sam 18:12; 1Sam 20:13; 1Kgs 1:37; 1Chr 11:13; 2Chr 17:3 followed by עִמָּדִי Gen 28:20; Gen 31:5; Gen 35:3 followed by עִם, human subject, of accompaniment וְהָיָההַכֹּהֵןבֶּןאַֿהֲרֹן עִםהַֿלְוִיִּם Neh 10:39; 1Chr 11:12, read also in || 2Sam 23:9 (Th We Dr); = be on the side of 1Kgs 1:8 with עִם also = be near הָיָה עִםגֹּֿרֶן האורנה ׳וּמַלְאַךְ י 2Sam 24:16 (compare Dr); also 2Sam 13:20 implying sexual intercourse, so Gen 39:10 (perhaps gloss, compare Di); peculiar uses with עִם are: וּדְבַראַֿבְנֵר הָיָה עִםזִֿקְנֵי יִשְׂרָאֵל 2Sam 3:17 and the speech of A. had been with the elders of Israel, compare 1Kgs 1:7 וַיְהִי עִםלְֿבַב דָּוִד אָבִּי לִבְנוֺת 1Kgs 8:17 and it was with (i.e. in) the heart of David my father to build, = 2Chr 6:7 compare 1Kgs 8:18 (twice in verse); 1Chr 22:7; 2Chr 6:8 (twice in verse); 2Chr 24:4 also 1Kgs 10:2 = 2Chr 9:1
(b) be with, followed by אֶת, subject ׳י, אלהים, Gen 21:20; Gen 39:2; Gen 39:21 but also with human subject וּבָנָיוּ הָיוּ אֶתמִֿקְנֵהוּ Gen 34:5, compare 1Sam 29:8 +;
(c) followed by לְ of possessor כֶּרֶם הָיָה לִידִדִי Isa 5:1 all vineyard had my beloved, Gen 30:30 compare Exod 20:3 = Deut 5:7; Judg 18:27; 1Sam 9:2; 1Kgs 5:6 + often (compare I. 2 d, f, h);
(d) followed by לְ + other preposition: of boundary וַיְהִי לָהֶם הַגְּבוּל מֵעֲרוֺעֵרJosh 13:16, compare וַיְהִי גְבוּלָם מִמַּחֲנַיִם vJosh 13:30 וַוְהִי לָהֶם הַגְּבוּל לִפְאַת צָפנַָה מִיַּרְדֵּן Josh 18:12, etc.;
(e) followed by בְּ be among, or of, Amos 1:1 who was one of the herdsmen, 1Kgs 2:7 let them be among those eating, Prov 22:26; Prov 23:20.

5. periphrastic conjug.:
a. היה + participle, of continuous state, or condition, sometimes, especially late (compare Late Hebrew), of habit, with וַיְהִי also of beginning and continuance (compare Dr^{§ 135}, (5)): participle active Gen 39:22 (J), Exod 3:1 (E), 1Sam 2:11; 1Sam 7:10; 1Sam 18:9 (compare Dr) v1Sam 18:14 v1Sam 18:29; 2Sam 8:15 = 1Chr 18:14. Deut 28:29; Isa 30:20; 1Kgs 5:1; 1Kgs 5:15; 1Kgs 5:24; 2Kgs 6:5; 2Kgs 9:14; 2Chr 9:26; Ezra 4:4; Neh 1:4; Neh 2:13; Dan 1:16 +; Gen 1:6 (P); ׳הָיָה יָרֵא אֶתיֿ 1Kgs 18:3; 2Kgs 4:1; 2Chr 26:1 passive participle Josh 10:26; 1Kgs 13:24; 1Kgs 22:35 וְהַמֶּלֶךְ הָיָה מָעֳמָד בַּמֶּרְכָּבָה (|| 2Chr 18:34 הָיָה מַעֲמִיד), Isa 2:2 = Mic 4:1, וְהָיָה סָגוּר Ezek 44:2, נַעֲשֶׂה ׳ה Neh 5:18, ׳וְאָהוּב לֵאלֹהָיו ה Neh 13:26 — on 2Sam 13:32 compare Dr.
b. followed by Infinitive with לְ (Dr^{§ 208, 204}): וְהָיָה לְבָעֵר Isa 5:5 and it shall be to burn (is to be, is destined to be burned) etc.; לָבוֺא וַיְהִי הַשֶּׁמֶשׁ Gen 15:12 and the sun was about to set; וַיְהִי הַשַּׁעַר לִסְגּוֺר Josh 2:5 and the gate was about to be shut; but also וַיְהִי לִדְרשׁ אֱלֹהִים 2Chr 26:5 (nearly = וַיְהִי + Participle) Niph`al Perfect נִהְיָה 1Kgs 1:27 + 6 t. + Mic 2:4 (compare below near the end); 3 feminine singular נִהָיְתָה Judg 19:30 + 5 t., נִהְיָ֑תָה Exod 11:6; Jer 48:19 וְנִהְיָ֑תָה consecutive Ezek 39:8 + Ezek 21:12 (strike out B Manuscripts ᵐ5 Co); 2 masculine singular נִהְיֵיתָ Deut 27:9 1 singular ךּנהִךְייךתי Dan 8:27 Participle feminine singular נִהְיָה Prov 13:19 —

1. either, be done, be brought about, or occur, come to pass: in the strong expressions וְכָמֹהוּ לֹא תֹסִף אֲשֶׁר כָּמֹהוּ ׳לֹא נ Exod 11:6 (J) a cry such as hath not occurred (been raised), and will not be again, compare Deut 4:32 (be done; || נִשְׁמַע), & Judg 19:30 (|| נִרְאֲתָה); — but simply intransitive Joel 2:2; Dan 12:1 & apparently Ezek 21:12 (|| בָּאָ֫ה; on text, however, see above) Ezek 39:8 (|| id.); — also אֵיכָה נִהְיְתָה הָרָעָה הַזֹּאת Judg 20:3 how hath this wickedness been done ? compare vJudg 20:12; Jer 5:30; Jer 48:19 also Neh 6:8 with לֹא, existence denied ׳לֹא נ Zech 8:10 (|| אֵינֶ֑נָּה); in all the above (except Joel 2:2; Dan 12:1 & Ezek 21:12; Ezek 39:8) personal agency is clearly implied; it is expressed ׳מֵאֵת אֲדֹנִי הַמֶּלֶץ נ הַדָּבָר הַזֶּה 1Kgs 1:27, so of divine agency (מֵאִתִּי) 1 K i1Kgs 12:24 = 2Chr 11:4 further be attained, secured, of wages Zech 8:10 (with לֹא, || אֵינֶ֑נָּה); תַּאֲוָּה נִהְיָה Prov 13:19 a desire come to pass, realized.

2. be done, finished, gone, only Daniel וּשְׁנָתוֺ נִהְיְתָה עָלָיו Dan 2:1 and his sleep was finished upon him, i.e. left him (compare Aramaic Dan 6:19); נִהְיֵיתִי Dan 8:27 I came to an end, was exhausted (si vera lectio, strike out ᵐ5; || נֶחֱלֵיתִי); נִהְיָה, in וְנָהָה נְהִי נִהְיָה Mic 2:4, is dubious; it is done, over, the ruin is come Rob-Ges Ew Hi Ca Che L RVm;? < omit as dittograph Sta^{ZAW 1886, 122 f.} compare JBL^{1890, 74.77}.

BDB9470 H1934 H1961

הֲוָא, הֲוָּה₇₁ verb come to pass, become, be (Biblical Hebrew הָיָה); —

Pe`al Perfect 3 masculine singular הֲוָה Dan 4:26 +, הֲוָא Dan 5:19 +; 2 masculine singular הֲוַיְתָ Dan 2:31; Dan 2:34, 1 singular הֲוֵית Dan 4:1 +; 3 masculine plural הֲווֺ Dan 2:35 +; Imperfect 3 masculine singular לֶהֱוֵא (K^{§ 47, l}) b) Dr^{§ 204 Obs.} Nö^{M 215 ff.}; in Jewish-Aramaic as jussive D^{§ 61, lc}) Dan 2:20 +; 3 feminine singular תֶּהֱוֵה Dan 4:24 +, אֵ֯ Ezra 6:8 +, 3 masculine plural לֶהֱוֺן Ezra 6:10 + 6 t., 3 feminine plural לֶהֶוְיָן Dan 5:17 Imperative masculine plural הֱווֺ Ezra 4:22, הֲזוֺ Ezra 6:6 —

1. come to pass Dan 2:28; Dan 2:29 (twice in verse); Dan 2:45.

2. come into being, arise Ezra 7:23 become, come to be, with predicate noun Dan 4:24; Dan 5:29 and ( = represent) Dan 7:23 with כְּ like Dan 2:35 a, with ל predicate vDan 2:35 b, with adjective predicate Ezra 6:6, with adverb phrase Ezra 5:5; Dan 4:22 often periphrastic, with participle: ׳יְדִיעַ לה let become known Dan 3:18; Ezra 4:12; Ezra 4:13; Ezra 5:8 let it be given Ezra 6:8; Ezra 6:9, also Ezra 7:26; Dan 2:20.

3. be, as copula, with adjective predication Dan 2:40; Dan 2:42; Dan 7:19 so very often in periphrastic conjugation with participle, צָבֵא ׳ה wish Dan 5:19 (4 t. in verse), ׳חָזֵה ה behold Dan 2:31; Dan 2:34; Dan 7:2; Dan 7:4; Dan 7:6 +, etc.

Strong's Definition H1961

be, pass, was, were, came, …

hāyâ

to exist, i.e., be or become, come to pass (always emphatic, and not a mere copula or auxiliary)

to be, become, come to pass, exist, happen, fall out

(Qal)

to occur

to happen, fall out, occur, take place, come about, come to pass

to arise, appear, come

to become

to exist, be in existence

to occur, come to pass, be done, be brought about

Variations 205 forms of this word

Translations 723 English renderings

Word Parts

לָ כֶֽם

לָ

Preposition to, for

כֶֽם

Suffix — pronoun your / you (a group)

Vowels & Accents

Hebrew Alephbet

Grammar R/Sp2mp

Preposition

לָ	Speech Preposition
כֶֽם	Speech Suffix Type Pronominal Person Second Person Gender Masculine Number Plural

In English

it ×144 him ×95 them ×83 thee ×59 me ×53 unto him ×35 you ×28 he ×22