Genesis 28:12

וַֽ יַּחֲלֹם

וַֽ

Prefix — connector and (sometimes: but, so, then)

יַּחֲלֹם

Root word dreamed, dreamer, dreameth, dream, liking, …

Dictionary form: חָלַם · haw-LAHM

וַ

Vav-consecutive (wayyiqtol) The וַ prefix — vav with patach plus a doubling dagesh in the next letter — flips this verb into story-telling past: translate "and (he) ___ed", not "will ___".

Verb — Qal, Sequential Imperfect (Wayyiqtol), third person masculine singular simple action — "he did" story-telling past — try "and he ___ed" the built-in subject is "he (or it)"

In the KJV here: and he dreamed

i have dreamed ×4 and he dreamed ×2 dreamed ×2 dreamer ×2 a dreamer ×1 and dreamed ×1 and they dreamed ×1 and we dreamed ×1

More options

dream — Core verbal sense; suits most narrative and prophetic contexts.

have a dream — Natural in modern speech when emphasizing the experience.

dreamer — Nominal use; one who dreams, often with prophetic or suspicious nuance.

envision — Highlights revelatory or visionary quality of the dream.

receive a dream — Foregrounds divine agency; good for prophetic passages.

grow strong / recover — Rare secondary sense of vigor/health; use only in health contexts.

BDB2789 H2492

I. [חָלַם] verb be healthy, strong (Late Hebrew id.; Aramaic Ethpe`el be made healthy, strong, Aph`el causative, also derivatives; חֲלַם press firmly together) —

Qal Imperfect יַחְלְמוּ בְנֵיהֶם Job 39:4 their young are healthy. Hiph`il Imperfect 2 masculine singular וְתַחֲלִימֵנִי Isa 38:16 and restore me to health (|| וְהַחֲיֵ֫ינִי).

BDB2791 H2492

II. חָלַם verb dream (Late Hebrew id.; Aramaic , חֲלַם; Ethiopic Arabic , dream, experience an emission of the seminal fluid, attain to puberty) —

Qal Perfect ׳ח Gen 42:9; Dan 2:1, חָלַמְתִּי Gen 37:9 + 3 t., חָלָ֑מְתִּי Gen 37:6 + 2 t., etc., + 3 t. Perfect; Imperfect יַחֲלֹם Isa 29:8 + 5 t., יַחְלְמוּ Job 39:4, וַיַּחַלְמוּ Gen 40:5, יַחֲלֹמ֑וּן Joel 3:1, נַחַלְמָה Gen 41:11 Participle חוֺלֵם Deut 13:4,חֹלֵם Gen 41:1; Deut 13:2; Deut 13:6, חֹלְמִים Ps 126:1 — dream:
a. of ordinary dreams of sleep Isa 29:8 (twice in verse); Ps 126:1.
b. of dreams with prophetic meaning: of Jacob Gen 28:12, Joseph Gen 37:5; Gen 37:6; Gen 37:9 (twice in verse); Gen 37:10; Gen 42:9, of Pharaoh and his servants Gen 40:5; Gen 40:8; Gen 41:1; Gen 41:5; Gen 41:11 (twice in verse); Gen 41:15 (all E, not elsewhere in Hexateuch); of Midianite Judg 7:13, Nebuchad. Dan 2:1; Dan 2:3, old men in latter days Joel 3:1.
c. of dreams of false prophets Deut 13:2; Deut 13:4; Deut 13:6; Jer 23:25 (twice in verse). Hiph`il Participle, מַחְלְמִים dream (of false prophets, with accusative of congnate meaning with verb) Jer 29:8 (but read חֹלְמִים [מ by dittograph from אַתֶּם], Hi Gf Gie Gr).

dreamed, dreamer, dreameth, dream, liking, …

ḥālam

properly, to bind firmly, i.e., (by implication) to be (causatively to make) plump

to dream

(Qal)

to dream (ordinary)

(Qal) to be healthy

וְ הִנֵּ֤ה

וְ

Prefix — connector and (sometimes: but, so, then)

הִנֵּ֤ה

Particle this / that

Dictionary form: הִנֵּה · hin-NAY

Particle — Demonstrative

In the KJV here: and behold

behold ×420 and behold ×208 lo ×52 and lo ×35 that behold ×14 him behold ×12 here am i ×7 it and behold ×7

More options

look — Vivid, natural attention-getter; works in most contexts.

see — Slightly softer; good for pointing out a situation or fact.

listen — Prefer when the focus is on what follows, not what is seen.

here — Best for self-presentation or arrival contexts (e.g., 'here I am').

notice — More reflective; suits narrative asides or observations.

surely — Adverbial use; emphasizes certainty rather than attention-getting.

BDB2205 H2009

הִנֵּה, once הִנֶּהֿ^{Gen 19:2}, demonstrative particle lo! behold! ( certainly, surely, literally lo !), with suffix (the pronoun being conceived as accusative, Ew^{§ 262 c}.; compare, , which takes an accusative, whether of a noun or pronominal suffix) הִנְנִי Gen 6:13 + often (also הִנֶּ֣נִּי Gen 22:7), הִנֵּ֑נִי Gen 22:1; Gen 22:11 +, (הִנֶּ֔נִּי Gen 27:18), Isa 65:1 הִנֵּ֣נִי הִנֵּ֔נִי (but הִנֵּה אָנֹכִי is also said Gen 24:13; Gen 24:43; Gen 25:32; Gen 48:21; Exod 4:23; Exod 7:17 +; and, more rarely, הִנֵּה אֲנִי Ezek 37:5; Ezek 37:12; Ezek 37:19; Ezek 37:21; 2Chr 2:3, compare 2Kgs 10:9; Jer 32:27); הִנְּךָ Gen 20:3 + ( 2Kgs 7:2 הִנְּכָה), הִנֶּ֑ךָּ Ps 139:8, feminine הִנָּךָ Gen 16:11 + 6 t.; הִנּוֺ Num 23:17; Job 2:6; 1Chr 11:25, הִנֵּ֫הוּ Jer 18:3 Kt (הִנֵּה הוּא is more usual, as Gen 20:16; Gen 42:27; 1Sam 10:22; Jer 38:5; Ruth 3:2): 1 plural הִנְנוּ Josh 9:25; 2Sam 5:1; Jer 3:22; Ezra 9:15, הִנֶּ֫נּוּ Gen 44:16; Gen 50:18; Num 14:40, הִנֵּנ֑וּ Job 38:35 הִנְּכֶם Deut 1:10; Jer 16:12 הִנָּם Gen 40:5 + often (37 t.) — lo ! behold !
a. pointing to persons or things, Gen 12:19 and now הִנֵּה אִשְׁתְּךָ behold thy wife ! Gen 18:9 הִנֵּה בָאֹהֶל behold (she is) in the tent (the suffix, when the noun to which הנה refers has immediately preceded, being not unfrequently omitted, Gen 16:14: compare Dr^{§ 135. 6, 2}), Gen 30:3; Gen 31:51 (twice in verse); Exod 24:8 etc. With suffix of 1 person, especially in response to a call, indicating the readiness of the person addressed to listen or obey, Here I am ! (literally Behold me !) Gen 22:1; Gen 22:7; Gen 22:11; Gen 27:1; Gen 27:18; Gen 31:11; Gen 37:13; Gen 46:2; Exod 3:4; 1Sam 3:4; 1Sam 3:5; 1Sam 3:6; 1Sam 3:8; 1Sam 3:16; 1Sam 22:12; 2Sam 1:7; Isa 6:8, compare 1Sam 12:3 הִנְנִי עֲנוּ בִי here I am, answer against me, 1Sam 14:43 (compare Dr^{p. 292}), 2Sam 15:26 (in resignation: compare Gen 44:16; Gen 50:18; Josh 9:25; Ezra 9:15): of God Isa 52:6; Isa 58:9; Isa 65:1 (twice in verse) (repeated for emphasis). In the plural הננו Num 14:40; Jer 3:22; Job 38:35. — Emph. הִנְנִי אָ֕נִי Ezek 34:11; Ezek 34:20, compare Ezek 6:3. on חִנְנִי אֶל ֗֗֗ , see אל 4, p. 40.
b. introducing clauses involving predication:
(a) with reference to the past or present, it points generally to some truth either newly asserted, or newly recognized, Gen 1:29 behold ! I have given to you all herbs etc. Gen 17:20; Gen 27:6; 1Sam 14:33 etc.; often one upon which some proposal or suggestion is to be founded, Exod 1:9 (compare הן Gen 11:6) 1Sam 20:2; 1Sam 20:5; 2Kgs 5:20. When the proposal is to be of the nature of an entreaty or request, הִנֵּהנָֿא is often used, instead of the simple הִנֵּה Gen 12:11; Gen 16:2; Gen 18:7; 1Kgs 20:31; 1Kgs 22:13 and elsewhere (see נָא).
(b) with reference to the future. Here it serves to introduce a solemn or important declaration Exod 32:34; Exod 34:10; Isa 7:14 and is used especially with the participle (the futuram instans [immanent future], Dr^{§ 135. 3}) in predictions or threats, Gen 20:3 הִנְּךָ מֵת (literally) behold thee (accusative) about to die, thou art about to die, Exod 4:23; Exod 7:17; Exod 9:3; Deut 31:17; 1Sam 3:11; 1Kgs 20:36; 1Kgs 22:25; Isa 3:1; Isa 10:33; Isa 17:1; Isa 19:1; Isa 22:17; Isa 24:1 + often; in the phrase הנה ימים באים 1Sam 2:31; 2Kgs 20:17 = Isa 39:6; Amos 4:2; Amos 8:11; Amos 9:13 + Jer 15 t.; very often with the suffix of 1 person singular, as הִנְנִי מֵבִיא Behold, I bring (literally behold me bringing, or about to bring) . . . Gen 6:17; Exod 10:4 & often, especially in Jeremiah; Gen 9:9; Exod 8:17; Exod 9:18; Exod 34:11; Exod 2:20; Exod 29:14; Exod 43:19; Exod 11:22 (הִנְנִי פֹקֵד; so Jer 23:2 +) Jer 16:16; Jer 20:4, etc.; anomalously, with change of person, Isa 28:16 הִנְנִי יִסַּד (according to points) behold me, one who has founded, Isa 29:14 הִנְנִי יוֺסִף behold me, one who will add (so Isa 38:5); but it is dubious whether the participle יֹסֵד, יוֺסֵף should not be read.
c. וְהִנֵּה ֗֗֗ very frequently in historical style, especially (but not exclusively) after verbs of seeing or discovering, making the narrative graphic and vivid, and enabling the reader to enter into the surprise or satisfaction of the speaker or actor concerned: Gen 1:31 and behold, it was very good, Gen 6:12; Gen 8:13; Gen 15:12; Gen 18:2; Gen 37:29; Exod 2:6; Deut 9:13 etc.: in the description of a dream Gen 37:7; Gen 37:9; Gen 40:9; Gen 40:16; Gen 41:1; Gen 41:2; Gen 41:3; Isa 29:8, or of a vision Amos 7:1; Amos 7:4; Amos 8:1 etc. With a participle (the context fixing the sense to the past), Gen 24:30; Gen 37:15 (both without suffix); Judg 9:43; Judg 11:34; 1Kgs 19:5; 1Kgs 19:11 +.
d. like II. הֵן (b), nearly = if (rare): Lev 13:5; Lev 13:6; Lev 13:7; Lev 13:8 (& elsewhere in this and the next chapter) וְהִנֵּה and behold = and if, Deut 13:15 and Deut 17:4 וְהִנֵּה אֱמֶת and behold it is true = and if it be true, Deut 19:18; 1Sam 20:12 compare 1Sam 9:7; 2Sam 18:11; Hos 9:6.

BDB6199 H6258 H2088 H2009 H5704 H3588

עַתָּ֫ה₄₃₅ (also Ezek 23:43; Ps 74:6 עת Kt, Qr עַתָּה), עָ֑֫תָּה Gen 32:5 +, adverb of time, now (properly accusative of [`int],עֵת (Kö^{ii. 260}), at the time, in particular of the present time, i.e. now; compare German zur Zeit, Arabic at the time, i.e. now); — now:

1. a. Gen 12:19 ועתה הנה אשׁתך and now, behold thy wife, Gen 22:12 כי עתח ידעתי now, I know (so Exod 18:11; Judg 17:13; 1Kgs 17:24 [עַתָּה זֶה], Ps 20:7), Gen 26:22; Gen 26:29; Gen 27:36; Gen 31:13; Gen 31:28, etc., Exod 5:5 הך רבים עתה עם הארץ; whether in opposed to past time, as Gen 32:11; Josh 14:11 כְּכֹחִי אָז וּכְכֹחִי עָ֑תָּה, Judg 11:8; 1Kgs 12:4; Isa 1:21 ועתה מרצחים, Isa 16:14; Hos 2:9 כִּי טוֺב לִי אָז מַעָ֑תָּה, Hos 13:2, Job 30:1 +, or to future, as Num 24:17 אֶרְאֶנּוּ ולא עתה, Judg 8:6 חֲכַף עַתָּהכְּֿיָדֶ֑ךָ ׳זֶבַח וצ, 1Sam 2:16 כִּי עַתָּה תִּתֵּן; = after all Num 22:38; Judg 8:2 = now at last 2Sam 24:16; 1Kgs 19:4; 2Kgs 19:25; Hos 7:2; Jer 4:12 and in the phrase מעתה ועד עולם Isa 9:6; Isa 59:21; (see below), Ps 113:2; Ps 115:18; Ps 121:8; Ps 125:2; Ps 131:3.
b. of the imminent or impending future: Gen 19:9 עַתָּה נָרַע לְךָ מַהֶם. Gen 29:32 כי עתה יאהבני אישׁי, vGen 29:34; Exod 6:1 עתה תראה, Num 11:23; Num 22:4; 2Sam 20:6; Isa 33:10 (Ps 12:6), Isa 43:19; Isa 49:19; Amos 6:7 לכן עתה יִגְלוּ, Isa 49:19; Mic 7:4; Mic 7:10; Dan 10:20 and especially ἀσυνδέτως in Hosea, introducing a punishment, Hos 4:16 ׳וגו ׳עתה יִרְעֵם י Hos 5:7; Hos 8:8; Hos 8:13 (Jer 14:10), Jer 10:2.
c. of a time ideally present (= then, from our point of view): Isa 29:22 לא עתה יבושׁ יעקב, v^b Hos 10:3; Mic 4:9; Mic 4:10; Mic 4:11; Mic 4:14; Mic 5:3.
d. describing a present state = as things are: 1Sam 8:5 thou art old, etc., עתה שִׂימָה לנו מלך, 1Sam 9:6; 1Sam 13:12; 1Sam 14:30; 1Sam 25:7b; 1Sam 27:1 now I shall be swept away one day, etc., 2Kgs 18:20; 2Kgs 18:25; Job 6:21; Job 14:16; Job 16:7.
e. with an Imperative, as an encouragement, implying that the time has come for the exhortation or advice to be followed, Gen 31:13 עתה קים צא, Exod 18:19 עתה שְׁמַע בקולי, Num 22:11; Deut 2:13; 1Sam 30:8.

2. Phrases:
a. עַתָּה זֶה (זְה 4 h) 1Kgs 17:24; 2Kgs 5:22.
b. ועתה and, now, or now, therefore (וְ 4), drawing a conclusion, especially (compare 1 e) a practical one, from what has been stated: Gen 3:22 and now (since man has once been disobedient), lest he put forth his hand, etc., Gen 20:7; Gen 20:23 וְעַתָּה הִשָּֽׁבְעָה לִי הֵ֫נָּה, Gen 27:3; Gen 27:8 ועתה בני שְׁמַע בקולי, Gen 30:30; Gen 31:16; Gen 31:44; Gen 37:20 + often, Isa 5:3; Isa 5:5; Ps 2:10; Gen 11:6 ׳ועתה לאֹיִֿבָּצֵר מֵהֶם וגו, Gen 31:30; Gen 45:8; 2Sam 19:11; Ps 39:8 ועתה מַהקִּֿזִּיתִי אֲדֹנָי, Isa 52:5,
c. וְעַתָּה הִנֵּה stating the ground on which some conclusion or action is to be based, Exod 3:9; Josh 14:10 (twice in verse); 1Sam 12:2; 1Sam 24:21; 1Kgs 1:18; Jer 40:4 (with ועתה usually repeated afer the הנה-clause).
d. גם עתה Gen 44:10; 1Sam 12:16; 1Kgs 14:14; Joel 2:12; Job 16:19.
e. מֵעַתָּה from now, henceforth, Jer 3:4; Isa 48:6; Dan 10:17 (according to some, here = from just now), 2Chr 16:9 מעתה ועד עוּלּסּ, see above 1 a end. feminine עַדעַֿתָּה until now, Gen 32:5, ׳וֶאֵחַר עדעֿ, Deut 12:9 ׳אל הנחלה לא באתם עד ע (opposed to the future), 2Kgs 13:23 especially after clause with מִן, 2Kgs 46:34 ׳מִנְּעוּרֵינוּ וְעַדעֿ (2Sam 19:8; Ezek 4:14), Exod 9:18; 2Kgs 8:6; Ruth 2:7.
g. כִּי עַתָּה for in this case, in our idiom, for them (עתה pointing to a condition assumed as a possible contingency: compare Dr^{§ 141, 142}); (a) Exod 9:15 כי עתה ׳שׁלחתי וגו for then (if the intention expressed in vExod 9:14 had not existed) I should have put forth my hand, etc., Num 22:29 כי עתה הֲרַגְתִּיךְ, 1Sam 13:13; Job 3:13 followed by imperfect Job 6:3 for then (if it were weighed, vJob 6:2) it would be heavier, etc., Job 13:19 for then would I be silent and die; (b) after a protasis, surely then Gen 31:42 + (see כִּי 1 d b, p. 472). — Note. Read כְּמוֺ עַתָּ) (ᵐ5 ᵑ9) as now, for כְּמוֺ עֵת Ezek 16:57, עַתָּ נִשְׁבַּרְתְּ (ᵐ5 ᵑ6 ᵑ9) now art thou broken ! for עֵת נִשְׁבֶּרֶת Ezek 27:34, and probably עַתָּ בָּא (Hi We Kö Now, compare ᵐ5 ᵑ6) for עֶתבּֿאֹ Hag 1:2 also עַתָּה for אַתָּה 1Kgs 1:20, and אַתָּה for עַתָּה v1Kgs 1:18b 2Sam 18:3.

behold, lo, here, see

hinnē

lo!

behold, lo, see, if

סֻלָּם֙

Root word ladder

Dictionary form: סֻלָּם · sool-LAWM

Noun — Common, masculine singular, absolute state

In the KJV here: a ladder

a ladder ×1

More options

ladder — Most natural modern rendering; universally understood.

stairway — Evokes a grander, more monumental structure.

ramp — Suggests a sloped ascent; useful in architectural contexts.

staircase — Implies multiple steps; good for visionary or symbolic scenes.

BDB5615 H5551

סֻלָּם noun masculine ladder; — Gen 28:12 (E).

ladder

sullām

a stair-case

ladder

מֻצָּ֣ב

Root word stood, set, stand, up, officers, …

Dictionary form: נָצַב · naw-TSAHB

Verb — Hophal, Participle Passive, masculine singular, absolute state causative passive — "he was made to do" a settled state — try "___ed"

In the KJV here: set up

stood ×5 officers ×4 stand ×4 and set ×3 he stood ×3 standing ×3 that stood ×3 and set up ×2

More options

stand — Core meaning; use for stationary or upright posture.

take a stand — Emphatic; implies deliberate positioning or confrontation.

be stationed — Best for guards, officers, or assigned posts.

be set up — Use for erected objects, pillars, or monuments.

be appointed — Fits administrative or official contexts (officers, deputies).

be established — For permanent or authoritative placement or decree.

BDB2218 H5324

הֻצַּב Nah 2:8 dubious; perhaps textual error; see נצב.

הַצָּלָה see below נצל.

BDB5316 H5324

נָצַב verb Niph`al take one's stand, stand (Late Hebrew נִצָּב id. (rare), הַצָּבָה noun taking a stand; Phoenician (Punic) נצב, מנצבת, מצבת monument Lzb³²⁵; Nabataean, Palmyrene נצב set up; Zinjirli id., statue, all Lzb³²⁵ Cook⁸²; Palmyrene מצבא image, Nabataean נצב id., DHM^{VOJ viii (1894), 12}, compare Lzb^l.c.; perhaps Assyrian naƒâbu Tel Amarna, Wkl^{TA 24*b}; Aramaic נְצַב, ; Arabic set up, erect, sign, mark, way-mark; Sabean נצב cippus CIS^{iv. 23} SabDenkm⁹⁵ DHM^{ZMG xxx (1876), 115 f.} Derenb^{Jas, 1883, Aug.-Sept. 244}; Minaean מצב statue (= מנצב HOM^{Südar. Chrest. 128}); —

Niph`al Perfect 3 feminine singular נִצְּבָה Ps 45:10, נִצָּ֫בָה Gen 37:7; Prov 8:2 2 masculine singular וְנִצַּבְתָּ֫ Exod 7:15 + 2 t.; 3 plural נִצְּבוּ Exod 15:8, וְנִצְּבוּ consecutive Exod 33:8 Participle נִצָּב Gen 24:13 +, feminine נִצָּבָה Zech 11:16 נִצֶּ֫בֶת 1Sam 1:26 masculine plural נִצָּבִים Exod 5:20 +; feminine plural נִצָּבוֺת 1Sam 1:26 —

1. a. station oneself, take one's stand, for definite purpose, with עַל location (by, on) Gen 24:13; Gen 24:43; Gen 28:13; Exod 7:15; Exod 33:21; Exod 34:2 (all J), Exod 17:9; Exod 18:14 (E), Num 23:6; Num 23:17 (JE); Amos 7:7; Amos 9:1; Prov 8:2 of ׳י Isa 3:13 taketh his stand to plead; with ב location Exod 5:20; Ps 82:1 (of God), compare Num 22:23; Num 22:31; Num 22:34 עִמְּכָה ׳נ 1Sam 1:26 ׳לִפְנֵי י Deut 29:9 with פֶתַח Num 16:27 (JE), Judg 18:16; Judg 18:17 absolute Lam 2:4 (on text see Löhr).
b. stand = be stationed (by appointment, or in fulfilment of duty), with עַל person (sitting or lying) Gen 45:1; 1Sam 4:20; 1Sam 22:6; 1Sam 22:7; 1Sam 22:17 לְַמִֿשְׁמַרְתַּי ׳נ Isa 21:8 stand at my watchman's post (|| עֹמֵד); לִמִינְךָ Ps 45:10 absolute 2Sam 13:31.
c. take an upright position, stand, ׳יָקוּמוּ וְנ Exod 33:8 (E; + פֶּתַח location), compare Gen 37:7 (E; of sheaf); of waters, כְמוֺנֵֿד ׳נ Exod 15:8 (song).

2. be stationed = appointed over (על), 1Sam 22:9; Ruth 2:5; Ruth 2:6 with Samuel presiding over (על) them 1Sam 19:20. Hence

3. Participle as substantive deputy, prefect (as appointed, deputed), only 1Kgs 4:5; 1Kgs 4:7; 1Kgs 5:7; 1Kgs 5:30; 1Kgs 9:23; 2Chr 8:10 (all of Solomon's officers; so also 2Chr 8:10 Qr, < Kt נציב), 1Kgs 22:48 (of Edom).

4. stand firm, figurative כָּלאָֿדָם נִצָּב Ps 39:6 every man, (even) the firm-standing, is wholly vanity (but expression strange, and text dubious); בַּשָּׁמָ֑יִם ׳נ Ps 119:89 (of ׳י's word); that which stands firm Zech 11:16 (Israel under figure of sheep), but dubious; We GASm leave untranslated; Now proposes הַנַּחֲלָה diseased.

Hiph`il Perfect הִצִּיב 1Kgs 16:34 2 masculine singular הִצַּבְתָּ Gen 21:29; Ps 74:17 3 masculine plural הִצִּ֫יבוּ Jer 5:26 Imperfect יַצִּיב Josh 6:26, יַצֵּב Deut 32:8 (dubious; in poetry for ׳וַיּ Ew^{§ 233a} Di; rhythmical shortening Ges^{«GKC:109k»§ 109k}; read יַצִּב Dr Da^{Synt. p. 94}), וַיַּצֶּבֿ 2Sam 18:18 suffix וַיַּצִּיבֵ֫נוּ Lam 3:12 Imperative feminine singular הַצִּ֫יבִי Jer 31:21 Infinitive construct הַצִּיב 1Sam 13:21; 1Chr 18:3 Participle מַצִּיב 1Sam 15:12 (but read הִצִּיב ᵐ5 We Dr Bu Kit HPS): —

1. station, set: with accusative, ewes Gen 21:28; Gen 28:29 (E; לְבַד apart), trap Jer 5:26 figurative set me before thee (לְפָנֶיךָ) Ps 41:13 set me as a target Lam 3:12.

2. set up, erect pillar (מַצֵּבָה) Gen 35:14; Gen 35:20 (E), 2Sam 18:18, + אֲשֵׁרִים 2Kgs 17:10 altar Gen 33:20 (E), stone-heap 2Sam 18:17 monument (יַד) 1Sam 15:12 city-gates (with ב), Josh 6:26 (JE) = 1Kgs 16:34.

3. cause to stand erect, waters, כְּמוֺנֵֿד Ps 78:13 (compare Qal Exod 15:8).

4. fix, establish boundary (subject ׳י) Deut 32:8; Ps 74:17; Prov 15:15 dominion (יַדׅ 1Chr 18:3 (of king). — 1Sam 13:21 is dubious; AV sharpen, RV set; Kit 'gerade machen'; Klo נִצַּב substantive, see below; compare HPS.

Hoph`al Perfect 3 masculine singular הֻצַּב Nah 2:8 it is fixed, determined (Kl Or), but very dubious; perhaps proper name, or epithet, of queen, compare We Now GASm, q. v.; Participle סֻלָּם נֻצּב אַ֫רְצָה Gen 28:12 (E) a ladder set up on the earth; ׳אֵלוֺן מ Judg 9:6, read אֵלוֺן הַמַּצֵּבָה GFM, see below — compare also יצב Hithpa`el

BDB5324 H4676 H4678 H5324

מַצֵּבָה, מַצֶּ֫בֶת noun feminine pillar, maƒƒ¢b¹, stump; — absolute מַצֵּבָה Hos 3:4 +,מַצֶּ֫בֶת 2Sam 18:18 a (read ׳הַמּ ᵐ5 Dr Bu Kit), v2Sam 18:18 b Isa 6:13, construct מַצְּבַת 2Kgs 3:2; 2Kgs 10:27, מַצֶּ֫בֶת Gen 35:14; Gen 35:20 suffix מַצַּבְתָּהּ Isa 6:13 plural absolute מַצֵּבוֺת 1Kgs 14:28, construct מַצְּבוֺת 2Kgs 10:26, etc.; —

1. a. pillar, as monument, personal memorial 2Sam 18:18 (twice in verse).
b. a stone, set up (שׂים, הציב), and anointed as memorial of divine appearance Gen 28:18; Gen 28:22; Gen 31:13 (all E), Gen 35:14 (J); so also Gen 33:20 (E), where insert ׳מ, or read ׳מ for ᵑ0 מִזְבֵּחַ (We Di Now^{Archaeology ii.18}), set up (שׂים), הרים, חציב in token of an agreement Gen 31:45; Gen 31:51; Gen 31:52 (twice in verse) (all E); over grave Gen 35:20 (twice in verse)
c. especially of sacred stones or pillars in connection with altar, erected (בנה) by Moses Exod 24:4 (E; 12 pillars), Hos 3:4; Hos 10:1; Hos 10:2; Isa 19:19 conjecture also 2Kgs 12:10 for ᵑ0 מִזְבֵּחַ Sta^{ZAW v (1885), 296} Now^{Archaeology l.c.}, but dubious, see Benz^{on the passage}; (usually + אֲשֵׁרִים etc.): of Canaanites Exod 23:24 (E), Exod 34:13 (J), Deut 7:5; Deut 12:3 compare הַבַּלְַ ׳מ 2Kgs 3:2; 2Kgs 10:26; 2Kgs 10:27 Tyre, עֻזֵּךְ ׳מ, Ezek 26:11, of obelisks of Heliopolis in Egypt; condemned for Israel by Deuteronomic code, and Deuteronomist redaction of Kings: Deut 16:22; 2Kgs 14:23; 2Kgs 17:10; 2Kgs 18:4; 2Kgs 23:14; 2Chr 14:2; 2Chr 31:1 compare Mic 5:12; Lev 26:1 (H). — On maƒƒ¢b¹ see further Now^{Archaeology ii.18 f.} Benz^{Archaeology 380 f.} Dr^{Deut 16:21f.} We^{Skizzen iii.99,165} RS^{Sem.i.184 ff. 437.f; 2d ed. 204 ff. 456 f.; K. 50}.

**On this see also Lagrange^{Études Bibl. 197 ff.} and review by Bau^{ZMG lvii (1903), 830}; also GFM^{EB MASSEBAH} Sta^{Bib. Theol. i. § 55} OCWhitehouse^{Hast. DB PILLAR}. — Judg 9:6 see [ נָצַב]

Hoph`al 2. stock, stump of tree Isa 6:13 a (in simile), so vIsa 6:13 b (figurative; but probably strike out as gloss).

BDB9716 H5324 H5326

[נִצְבָּה] noun feminine firmness (see Biblical Hebrew נצב); — emphatic נִצְבְּתָא Dan 2:41.

stood, set, stand, up, officers, …

nāṣab

to station, in various applications (literally or figuratively)

to stand, take one's stand, stand upright, be set (over), establish

(Niphal)

to station oneself, take one's stand

to station, set

אַ֔רְצָ ה

אַ֔רְצָ

Root word land, earth, ground, country, countries, …

ה

Suffix — direction direction — "to / toward ___"

Dictionary form: אֶרֶץ · eh-RETS

Noun — Common, both singular, absolute state

In the KJV here: on the earth

the land ×425 the earth ×247 in the land ×246 of the earth ×197 of the land ×197 land ×130 out of the land ×66 in the earth ×43

More options

land — Best default; territory, region, or promised land.

earth — Prefer for cosmic or global scope (whole creation).

ground — Physical soil or surface; localized, tangible contexts.

country — Distinct nation-territory; political or ethnic emphasis.

region — Geographical area without strong political connotation.

world — Rare; only when universal scope is clearly intended.

BDB780 H776

אֶ֫רֶץ₂₄₀₇ noun feminine^{Gen 10:11} & (seldom) masculine^{Gen 13:16} earth, land (Phoenician, MI ארץ, Assyrian irƒitu COT^Gloss, Arabic , Sabean ארץֿ e.g. Os⁹ DHM^{ZMG 1875, 594, 614}; Semitic Sprachf. 12, compare Prä^{BAS i. 374 n.}, Aramaic אֲרַע, ) — ׳א absolute Gen 1:24 +; construct Gen 2:11 +; אָ֑רֶץ Gen 1:10 +; with article always הָאָ֫רֶץ Gen 1:11 +; with ָ ה locative אַ֫רְצָה Gen 11:31 +, (this form also in poetry = אֶרֶץ Job 34:13 +); suffix אַרְצִי Job 20:15 +; (אַרְצֶ֑ךָ) אַרְצְךָ Job 12:1 +, etc.; plural אֲרָצוֺת Jer 28:8 + 65 t.; construct אַרְצוֺת Ezek 39:27 + 6 t.; suffix אַרְצֹתָם Gen 10:5 + 2 t.; —

1. a. earth, whole earth (opposed to a part) Gen 18:18; Gen 18:25; Gen 22:18 (= הָאֲדָמָה Gen 12:3) Jer 25:26; Jer 25:29; Jer 25:30; Jer 26:6; Isa 37:16; Isa 37:20 = 2Kgs 19:15; 2Kgs 19:19; Zech 4:10; Zech 4:14 +.
b. earth, opposed to heaven, sky Gen 1:2; Exod 20:4; Deut 5:8; Deut 30:19; Judg 5:4; Lam 2:1; Isa 37:16 = 2Kgs 19:15; Ps 146:6; 1Chr 21:16; 1Chr 29:11; 2Chr 2:11 +; as permanent Eccl 1:4 built on foundations, or pillars 1Sam 2:8; Ps 104:5; Job 38:4; Isa 48:13; Isa 51:13; Isa 51:16 compare also Isa 24:18; Ps 82:5 firm, so that its shaking is something terrible, & token of terrible power 1Sam 14:4; 2Sam 22:8 = Ps 18:8; Job 9:6 compare Ps 46:2 & vPs 46:6 so also Amos 8:8; Isa 2:19; Isa 2:21; Isa 24:18; Isa 24:19; Isa 24:20; Ps 60:4; Ps 77:19; Ps 99:1; Ps 114:7 as hung on nothing Job 26:7 with waters under it Exod 20:4 = Deut 5:8 compare Gen 7:11 personified, especially as addressed, called to witness, etc. Deut 32:1; Jer 6:19; Jer 22:29; Isa 1:2; Mic 1:2; Job 16:18.
c. earth = inhabitants of earth Gen 6:11; 1Kgs 2:2; 1Kgs 10:24; Ps 33:8; Ps 66:4 + compare ׳תֵּבֵל א Prov 8:31; Job 37:12.

2. land =
a. country, territory, שִׁנְעָר ׳א Gen 10:10, מִצְרַיִם ׳א Gen 21:21 compare also Gen 10:11; Gen 11:28; Gen 11:31; Gen 13:10; Gen 47:6; Gen 47:27; Gen 50:8; Isa 7:18; Isa 23:1; Isa 23:13; Isa 27:13; Ps 78:12; Jer 25:20; 1Chr 1:43 personified Isa 62:4; Eccl 10:16; Eccl 10:17.
b. district, region Gen 19:28; Gen 22:2; Josh 11:3; Ps 42:7.
c. tribal territory Deut 34:2; Judg 21:21; 1Sam 9:4; 1Sam 9:16; 1Sam 13:7; 1Kgs 15:20; Isa 8:23 and still smaller territories 1Sam 9:4; 1Sam 9:5.
d. piece of ground Gen 23:15.
e. specifically land of Canaan, or Israel Gen 11:31; Gen 12:1; Gen 12:5; Gen 12:6; Gen 12:7; Gen 31:3; Deut 17:14; Deut 18:9; 2Kgs 5:2; 2Kgs 5:4 +; especially object of יָרַשׁ possess Deut 3:20 + often Deuteronomy, Psalms and elsewhere; so after נָחַל Josh 19:49 +; נָתַן Deut 1:21 +. feminine = inhabitants land Lev 19:29; Ezek 14:13 + compare Deut 24:4; Zech 12:12 etc.
g. used even of Sh®°ôl Job 10:21; Job 10:22 (compare Assyrian irƒit la târat, land without return, in Descent of Ishtar, see Jr^{10. 65}); see also Ps 139:15; Isa 44:23.

3. a. ground, surface of ground = אֲדָמָה q. v. Gen 1:26; Gen 1:30; Gen 18:2; Gen 33:3; Gen 38:9; Exod 4:3; Exod 16:4; Ruth 2:10; 1Sam 5:4 + very often in Samuel.
b. soil, as productive = אֲדָמָה Gen 1:11; Gen 1:12; Lev 19:9; Lev 25:9; Lev 26:4 compare Num 14:7; Num 14:8; Isa 36:7 = 2Kgs 18:32; Ps 72:6; Ps 72:16; Ps 107:34; Ps 107:35; Ezra 9:12; Neh 9:35.

4. אֶרֶץ in phrases:
a. people of the land ׳עַםהָֿא of non-Israelites Gen 23:7; Gen 23:12; Gen 23:13 (P) Num 14:9 (JE); as well as Israel Lev 20:4 (H) 2Kgs 15:5; 2Kgs 16:15; 2Kgs 21:24 (twice in verse); especially common people, opposed to officials, princes Lev 4:27 (P) Ezek 7:27; 2Kgs 11:18; 2Kgs 11:19.
b. in measurements of distance, ׳כִּבְרַת הָא the space or distance of country (see כּברה) Gen 35:16, so ׳כִּבְרַת א some distance Gen 48:7; 2Kgs 5:19.
c. אֶרֶץ הַמִּישׁוֺר the country of the plain, level or plain country Deut 4:33; Jer 48:21 מִישׁוֺר ׳א figurative Ps 143:10 (but read אֹרַח ᵑ6 Bi Gr Che, compare Ps 27:11).
d. חַיִּים ׳א land of the living Ps 27:13 הַחַיִּים ׳א Ps 142:6.
e. ׳קְצֵה הָא end(s) of the earth Isa 42:10; Isa 43:6 (|| רָחוֺק) Ps 135:7; Prov 17:24, so ׳אַפְסֵי א Prov 30:4 +; ׳קְצוֺת הָא Isa 40:28; Isa 41:5; Isa 41:9.

5. plural אֲרָצוֺת is almost wholly late, Jer 16:15 + 6 t. Jeremiah; 23 t. Ezekiel; Isa 36:20; Isa 37:11 = 2Kgs 18:35; 2Kgs 19:11 (Isa 37:18 read הַגּוֺיִם see Che Di & compare 2Kgs 19:17); 22 t. Chronicles; Dan 9:7; Dan 11:40; Dan 11:42; Ps 105:44; Ps 106:27; Ps 107:3; Ps 116:9 besides these only P Gen 10:5; Gen 10:20; Gen 10:31; Lev 26:36; Lev 26:39, except Gen 26:3; Gen 26:4 (J^R) Gen 41:54 (JE); it denotes lands, countries, often in contrast to Canaan, lands of the nations, etc., see especially absolute Ezek 20:32; Ezek 22:4 = the various petty divisions of Canaan afterward united under Israel's control Gen 26:3; Gen 26:4, compare 1Chr 13:2 אַרְצוֺת יִשְׂרָאֵל, 2Chr 11:23 אַרְצוֺת יְהוּדָה.

BDB9347 H772 H776

[אֲרַע]₂₁ noun [feminine] earth (so ᵑ7 Syriac; = Biblical Hebrew אֶרֶץ, q. v.); — emphatic אַרְעָא Dan 2:35; Dan 2:39 + 16 t. Daniel; Ezra 5:11; Jer 10:11b; אַ֫רְעָא (D^{§§ 9, 5 a; 44, 1 n}) = אֲרַע + ָ֯ of direction, earthward, i.e. downward, אַרְעָא מִנָּח Dan 2:39 Kt lower than thou, i.e. inferior to thee Qr אֲרַע (compare ᵑ7 אֲרַע מִן Ruth 4:4); — Jer 10:11a see [ אֲרַק].

land, earth, ground, country, countries, …

ʾereṣ

the earth (at large, or partitively a land)

land, earth

earth

whole earth (as opposed to a part)

country, territory

ground

people of the land

lands, countries

often in contrast to Canaan

וְ רֹאשׁ ֖וֹ

וְ

Prefix — connector and (sometimes: but, so, then)

רֹאשׁ

Root word head, chief, heads, top, beginning, …

֖וֹ

Suffix — pronoun his / him / it

Dictionary form: רֹאשׁ · rohsh

Noun — Common, masculine singular, construct state "___ of …" — bound to the next word

In the KJV here: and the top

the head ×56 his head ×49 the chief ×33 the top ×30 head ×23 their heads ×21 the heads ×19 chief ×17

More options

head — Primary anatomical or positional sense; most versatile.

top — Prefer for mountains, pillars, or physical summits.

leader — Best when רֹאשׁ denotes a person of authority.

chief — Titular sense; fits ranks, tribes, or priestly roles.

beginning — Use for temporal or sequential firsts.

sum — Specific to census or enumeration contexts.

BDB7678 H7218 H7226 H4763 H7219 H7220

I. רֹאשׁ₅₉₉ noun masculine^{Lev 13:45} head (common Semitic word; earliest form *ra°š, Arabic , Sabean ראס Prä^{ZMG xxix (1875). 425} Mordtm^{Him.Inschr. 31}; Ethiopic Amharic hence (a heightened) Assyrian rêšu (rarely râšu), Aramaic רֵישָׁא (Egyptian Aramaic ראש Cooke^{North-Semitic Inscr. 404}), , modern (Ma'lûla) ra±ša, Huart^{JAs xii (1878), 491} Duval^{id. xiii(1879), 464}; Palmyrene רשא, Lzb³⁶⁶, compare Biblical Hebrew רִישׁוֺן, רֵאשִׁית; from*ra'š, also Biblical Hebrew רָאשׁ֩, ראֹשׁ (Lag^{Symm. i. 113}), Tel Amarna rušu(nu) Wkl^{189, 18} (gloss to ‡a‡‡adunu), Late Hebrew = Biblical Hebrew; SI⁶ ראש, Phoenician רשׁ, ראש (in proper name), Punic rus (in proper name, of a location) Schröd^{Phoenician Spr.133}, ראשת choicest, chief; on MI²⁰ (suffix) רשה, Lev 1:28 ש[ר], compare Sm. u. So¹⁴ Nö^{LCB Jan. 8, 1887, 60}); — ׳ר absolute Gen 3:15 +, construct Gen 40:20 +; suffix ראֹשִׁי vGen 40:16 +, etc.; plural רָאשִׁים (for רְאָשִׁים֩ Nö^{GGA 1884, 1019}) Exod 18:25 +; construct רָאשֵׁי Hos 7:13 + [מֵרַאֲשֹׁתֵי 1Sam 26:12 see מְרַאֲשׁוֺת below]; suffix רָאשֵׁינוּ 1Chr 12:19, רָאשֵׁיכֶם Isa 29:10 +, etc.; —

1. a. (c. 230 t.) head, of human being; man Gen 40:16; Gen 40:17. + often, גֶּבֶר ׳לְר Judg 5:30 for the head of a man, i.e. for each man, per capita; woman 2Kgs 9:30; Deut 21:12; Num 5:18; Esth 2:17 boy 2Kgs 4:19 (twice in verse); Gen 48:14 (twice in verse) +; of ׳י, under figure of armed man Ps 60:9 = Ps 108:9 of idol 1Sam 5:4 of gates, personified Ps 24:7; Ps 24:9.
b. head, of animals: of serpent Gen 3:15, dog 2Sam 3:8, ass 2Kgs 6:25, of הַחַיָּה in Ezek 1:22 compare vEzek 1:22 vEzek 1:26, of הַכְּרֻבִים Ezek 10:1 compare vEzek 10:11 of sea-monsters, לִוְיָתָן Job 40:31; Ps 74:14, תַּנִּינִים vPs 74:13 especially of animals for sacrifice Exod 12:9; Exod 29:15; Exod 29:19; Lev 1:4; Lev 1:8; Lev 1:12; Lev 1:15; Lev 3:2; Lev 3:8 + 18 t. P; in phrase וְזָנָב ׳ר Isa 9:13 (figurative of noble and commoner) compare v.Isa 9:14; Isa 19:15, so (figurative of relative dignity, power, influence) Deut 28:13; Deut 28:44.

2. a. top (88 t.): of mountain, הַר, Gen 8:5; Exod 19:20 (twice in verse); Exod 24:17; Exod 34:2 + 34 t.; hill, גִּבְעָה, Exod 17:9; Exod 17:10 (E), 2Sam 8:25 מְרוֺמִים ׳ר Prov 8:2 + Prov 1:21 Toy (for ᵑ0 הֹמִיּוֺת), גֵּיא ׳ר שְׁמָנִים Isa 28:1; Isa 28:4 of rocks, צֻרִים, Num 23:9 (JE), crag, סֶלַע, 2Chr 25:12 (twice in verse); tower Gen 11:4 (J), stronghold Judg 6:26, ladder Gen 28:12 (E), tree 2Sam 5:24 = 1Chr 14:15, bough Isa 17:6 compare Ezek 17:4; Ezek 17:22, mast (?; חִבֵּל) Prov 23:34 (otherwise Toy); of ears of grain, שִׁבֹּלֶת Job 24:24, of stone Gen 28:18 (E), bed, מִטָּה, Gen 47:31 (J), throne, עָגוֺל לַכִּסֵּה׳ר 1Kgs 10:19, tabernacle, or its wall, Exod 26:24 = Exod 36:29 (P); pillar ( =capital) 1Kgs 7:16; 1Kgs 7:17 + 13: t., מְכוֺנָה v1Kgs 7:35 v1Kgs 7:35, lampstand Zech 4:2 (twice in verse), high priest's robe, מְעִיל, Exod 28:32 (P), פִּנָּה ׳ר Ps 118:22 top of (the) corner, i.e. most conspicuous stone (figurative); = tip, end, of staves 1Kgs 8:8= 2Chr 5:9, of sceptre Esth 5:2.
b. height of stars Job 22:12 (|| גֹּבַהּ שָׁמַיִם).

3.: 171
a. head = chief (man) Judg 10:18; Judg 11:8; Judg 11:9; Judg 11:11; Exod 18:25 (E), Num 1:16 (P), Deut 1:15; Hos 2:2; Mic 3:1 + often; apparently combined with idea of first in a series 1Chr 12:10. (van d. H. v.1Chr 12:9, series of 11); of God 2Chr 13:12.
b. = chief (city) Josh 11:10 (D), compare (of city and king) Isa 7:3; Isa 7:8; Isa 7:9 (twice in verse).
c. chief nation Jer 31:7.
d. =chief (place, position) 1Sam 9:22; 1Kgs 21:9; 1Kgs 21:12; Deut 20:9; 1Chr 4:42 (compare also 5).
e. הָראֹשׁ chief priest 2Kgs 25:18= Jer 52:24; 2Chr 19:11; 2Chr 24:11; 2Chr 26:20, הַכֹּחֵן ראֹשׁ 1Chr 27:5, ׳הָר ׳הַכּ 2Chr 31:10; Ezra 7:5 ׳י alone 2Chr 24:6 רָאשֵׁי הַכֹּהֲנִים Neh 12:7. feminine especially = head of a family (P Chronicles); רָאשֵׁי בֵּית (rare ראֹשׁ) אֲבוֺתָ (םׅ) Exod 6:14; Num 7:2; Num 17:18; Josh 22:14; 1Chr 5:24; 1Chr 7:7; 1Chr 7:9 בֵּית הָאָבוֺת ׳ר v1Chr 7:40 לְבֵית אֲבֹתָיו ׳ר Num 1:4, compare 1Chr 5:15; 1Chr 5:24; 1Chr 7:2; 1Chr 9:13; 1Chr 24:4 אֻמּוֺת בַּיתאָֿב ׳ר Num 25:15 אֲבוֺת ׳ר הָעַדָה Num 31:26 compare Num 32:28; Josh 14:1; Josh 21:1 אֲבוֺת הַלְוִיִּם ׳ר Exod 6:25; Josh 21:1 (הָ)אָבוֺת לַלְּוִיִם ׳ר 1Chr 9:33; 1Chr 9:34; 1Chr 15:12, compare Num 36:1; Josh 19:51; 1Chr 8:6; 1Chr 8:13; 1Chr 23:9; 1Chr 23:24 + 10 t. Chronicles; absolute ׳ר (הָ)אָבוֺת 1Chr 8:10; 1Chr 8:28; 1Chr 9:9; 1Chr 26:32; 1Chr 27:1; 2Chr 1:2 + 8 t. Ezra Nehemiah (Chronicles); אֲכֹתֵיהֶם ׳ר Ezra 8:1 רָאשִׁים לְאָכוֺת Neh 11:13 so also ׳י alone 1Chr 5:7; 1Chr 5:12; 1Chr 7:3; 1Chr 8:28 +; apparently combined with idea of first in a series 1Chr 23:8 (series of 3), v1Chr 23:11 (of 4), v1Chr 23:19 (of 3), v1Chr 23:20 (of 2).

4. a. head=front, leader's place Mic 2:13; 2Chr 20:27, compare Amos 6:7.
b. of time, beginning, of night-watch Judg 7:19; Lam 2:19 absolute מֵראֹשׁ from the beginning Isa 40:21; Isa 41:4; Isa 41:26 (|| מִלְּפָנִים), Isa 48:16; Prov 8:23 (|| מֵעוֺלָם),. Eccl 3:11 (|| עַדסֿוֺף); first of months Exod 12:2 (|| רִאשׁוֺן), Num 10:10; Num 28:11 (all P); בָּראֹשׁ 1Chr 16:7 at first.
c. of things, river-heads Gen 2:10 (J); עַפְרוֺת תֵּכֵל ׳ר Prov 8:26.

5. chief, choicest, best, of spices, כשׂמ(יםׅ, Ezek 27:22; Exod 30:23 (P), Song 4:14 שִׂמְחָתִי ׳ר Ps 137:6 the choicest of my joy.

6. head = division of army, company, band : Judg 7:16; Judg 7:20; Judg 9:34; Judg 9:37; Judg 9:43; Judg 9:44 (twice in verse); 1Sam 11:11; 1Sam 13:17 (twice in verse); 1Sam 13:18 (twice in verse) Job 1:17.

7. =sum, especially in phrase ׳בְּנֵייִֿשׂ ׳נָשָׂא אֶתרֿ Exod 30:12take the sum of, enumerate, compare Num 1:2; Num 1:49; Num 4:2; Num 4:22; Num 26:2; Num 31:26; Num 31:49 בְּראֹשׁוֺ Lev 5:24 in its sum, i.e. in full, so Num 5:7 (all P); of ׳י's thoughts Ps 139:17 compare ראֹשׁ דְּבָֽרְךָ אֱמֶתPs 119:160.

8. other phrase are : ׳נָשָׂא אֶתרֿאֹשׁ פ see נָשָׂא Qal 1 b (2); יָרוּם ראֹשִׁי עַלאֹֿיְבַי Ps 27:6, מֵרִים ראֹשִׁי ׳י Ps 3:4 (Ps 110:7; Ps 140:10 see רום); shake the head, see נוּעַ Hiph`il, compare יָנִיד בְּראֹשׁוֺ Jer 8:16, מְנוֺד ראֹשׁ Ps 44:15 נָתַן דֶּרֶךְ בְּראֹשׁ, i.e. requite, see נתן Qal 2 b near the end; יָשׁוּב גְּמֻלְךָ ׳בְּר Obad 1:15, compare Ps 7:17; 1Kgs 2:33 (below דָּם 2 i and (with ׳עַלרֿ) Esth 9:25, הֵשִׁיב רָעָה בְּראֹשׁ Judg 9:57; 1Sam 25:39; 1Kgs 2:44, compare Joel 1Kgs 4:4; 1Kgs 4:7; 1Kgs 2:32 (sub דָּם 2 i, compare Neh 3:36 (אֶלרֿאֹשָׁם), see also 2Sam 3:29 below 1. חוּל 3; see, further, דָּם 2 i; Dan 1:10 see חוּב Pi`el

BDB9878 H7217 H7218

רֵאשׁ noun masculine^{Dan 7:6} head (Egyptian Aramaic, S-C^Pap.; Palmyrene רש; ᵑ7 רֵישׁ, Syriac ; Biblical Hebrew ראֹשׁ); — construct ׳ר Dan 7:1 emphatic הָ֯ Dan 2:38 suffix רֵאשׁי Dan 4:2 +, חָ֯ Dan 2:28, הֵּ֯ vDan 2:32 +, הַּ֯ Dan 7:20, הֵ֯וֺן Dan 3:27 plural absolute רֵאשִׁין Dan 7:6, suffix רָאשֵׁיהֹם (K^{§§ 53, Anm. b}); 63 Gu^{Hpt on the passage}) Ezra 5:10 —

1. head of man Dan 3:27, compare Dan 7:9 in vision: of image Dan 2:32; Dan 2:38, beast Dan 7:6; Dan 7:20.

2. head as seat of visions, הֶזְוֵי רֵאשָׁךְ, etc., Dan 2:28; Dan 4:2; Dan 4:7; Dan 4:10; Dan 7:1; Dan 7:15.

3. = chief, ׳בְּר Ezra 5:10 in the capacity of their chiefs.

4. sum, essential content, of matters Dan 7:1 (Nes^{MM 40} beginning).

head, chief, heads, top, beginning, …

rōš

the head (as most easily shaken), whether literal or figurative (in many applications, of place, time, rank, itc.)

head, top, summit, upper part, chief, total, sum, height, front, beginning

head (of man, animals)

מַגִּ֣יעַ

Root word toucheth, touch, touched, come, came, …

Dictionary form: נָגַע · naw-ɡA

Verb — Hiphil, Participle Active, masculine singular, absolute state causative — "he made (someone) do" ongoing action — try "___ing" or "one who ___s"

In the KJV here: of it reached

toucheth ×20 touch ×13 and touched ×7 touched ×7 came ×5 and touch ×3 hath touched ×3 he that toucheth ×3

More options

touch — Most common, neutral sense; physical or metaphorical contact.

reach — Prefer when extending toward or arriving at a boundary.

strike — Use when contact carries force or affliction.

come near — Highlights approach or proximity rather than contact itself.

affect — Good for abstract or emotional impact contexts.

afflict — Best when God or plague is the subject causing harm.

BDB4976 H5060

נָגַע :150 verb touch, reach, strike (Late Hebrew id.; Arabic is agree with one (of food), produce effect; Aramaic נְגַע Ithpa`al be struck (that is, with leprosy), compare Pi`el below); —

Qal Perfect ׳נ Gen 32:33 +; נָָֽגְעָה Judg 20:41 +; 1 plural suffix נְנַעֲנוּךָ Gen 26:29 Imperfect יִגַּע Lev 5:3 +; וַיִּגַּע Gen 32:26 +, etc.; Imperative גַּע Ps 144:5 + 2 t.; Infinitive construct נְגֹעַ, לִנְגּוֺעַ Gen 20:6 + 3 t.; גַּ֫עַת 2Sam 14:10; Ezek 17:10 suffix נָגְעֵךְ Ruth 2:9 etc.; Participle active נֹגֵעַ 1Kgs 19:5 +; נֹגְעִים Jer 12:14 feminine נֹגַ֫עַת Num 19:22 + 2 t.; plural נֹגְעֹת 1Kgs 6:27 passive נָגוּעַ Ps 73:14; Isa 53:4 —

1. a. touch, usually followed by בְּ Gen 3:3 (J), Gen 32:25; Gen 32:33; Exod 19:12 (twice in verse); Exod 19:13 (all E), Exod 29:37; Exod 30:20 (P), Lev 5:2; Lev 5:3 + 25 t. Leviticus; Num 16:26 + 7 t. Numbers (P) + Num 19:22 (no בְּ or object), Deut 14:8; Judg 6:21; 2Sam 23:7; 1Kgs 6:27 (twice in verse); 1Kgs 19:5; 1Kgs 19:7; 2Kgs 13:21; Esth 5:2; Dan 8:5; Dan 8:18; Lam 4:14 followed by אֶלֿ Hag 2:12; Num 4:15; 1Kgs 6:27; Dan 9:21, compare Hos 4:2 compare עַלפֶּֿה Isa 6:7 עַלשָֿׂפָה Dan 10:16 compare accusative Isa 52:11 absolute (no object expressed) Job 6:7; Lam 4:15.
b. of ׳י touching earth, mountains, etc., followed by בְּ Amos 9:5; Ps 104:32; Ps 144:5 figurative of ׳י touching the heart, followed by בְּ 1Sam 10:26.

2. nearly = strike, passive stricken, Ps 73:14; Isa 53:4 || מֻכֶּה), of wind Job 1:19; Ezek 17:10 of divine chastisement 1Sam 6:9; Job 1:11; Job 19:21 followed by אֶל Job 2:5.

3. touch = harm, followed by. בְּ, Gen 26:11 (J), Josh 9:19; 2Sam 14:10; 1Chr 16:22 || הָרֵעַ) = Ps 105:15; Jer 12:14; Zech 2:12 (twice in verse); followed by. אֶלֿ Gen 20:6 (touch a woman), so Prov 6:29 (followed by בְּ); followed by. accusative Gen 26:29 (J, suffix), so Ruth 2:9 see also Job 5:19 (subject רַע, followed by בְּ), Judg 20:34; Judg 20:41 (both subject רָעָה, followed by עַלֿ).

4. reach, extend to, 2Sam 5:8, followed by בְּ (but corrupt see Dr HPS); in metaphor, followed by עַד, of vine Isa 16:8; Jer 48:32 of sword Jer 4:10, compare vJer 4:18 of chastisement Mic 1:9, compare Job 4:5 (|| בּוֺא אֶלֿ); also (followed by אֶל) Jer 51:9 = come, followed by אֶלֿ Jonah 3:6 arrive (of time), absolute Ezra 3:1; Neh 7:73.

Niph`al Imperfect וַיִּנָָּֽנְעוּ Josh 8:15 be stricken, defeated (in battle), i.e. feign to be so, but read probably וַיִּנָָּֽגְפוּ, see נגף Niph`al

Pi`el Perfect suffix נִגְּעוֺ 2Chr 26:20 strike (with leprosy, 2 accusative), subject ׳י; so Imperfect וַיְנַגַּע 2Kgs 15:5; Gen 12:17 (subject ׳י; accusative of person + accusative of cognate meaning).

Pu`al Imperfect יְנֻגָּע֑וּ be sticken by diseases (?; compare Pi`el and נֶגַע

2. 3. especially 2Sam 7:14) Ps 73:5.

Hiph`il Perfect הִגִּיעַ Isa 25:12 + 6 t.; 2 feminine singular הִגַּ֫עַתְּ Esth 4:14 1 singular suffix וְהִגַּעְתִּ֫יהוּ Ezek 13:14, etc.; Imperfect יַגִּיעַ Isa 8:8 + 3 t.; וַיַּגַּע Isa 6:7; Jer 1:9, etc.; Infinitive construct הַגִּיעַ Esth 2:12; Esth 2:15 Participle מַגִּיעַ Gen 28:12 +; feminine מַגַּ֫עַת 2Chr 3:11 — cause to touch; reach, approach, arrive:

1. cause to touch, apply, Exod 12:22) (J E; מִדָּם, אֶלֿ); cause to touch (compare עַד עָפָר, לָאָרֶץ), i.e. bring to ground, Isa 25:5; Isa 25:12, compare Lam 2:2; Ezek 13:14 (followed by אֶלֿ), Exod 4:25 (J; followed by לְרַגְלָיו); followed by עַלפֶּֿה Isa 6:7; Jer 1:9 followed by בְּ Isa 5:8.

2. intransitive reach, extend, Gen 28:12 (followed by ָ ה locative); followed by אֶלֿ Zech 14:5, followed by עַד Isa 8:8 compare ׳תַּגּ יָדוֺ דֵּי שֶׂה Lev 5:7 if his hand do not reach enough for a lamb (i.e. he be not able to furnish a lamb); followed by לְ Job 20:6 (hyperbole) 2Chr 3:11 (twice in verse); 2Chr 3:12 followed by עַד לְ 2Chr 28:9 attain, followed by לְ Esth 4:14, arrive, come, followed by accusative of location Isa 30:4; Esth 4:3; Esth 8:17, followed by לְ (of time) Dan 12:12, followed by אֶלֿ 1Sam 14:9, followed by עַדֿ Ps 107:18, absolute Esth 6:14 followed by אֵצֶל Dan 8:7.

3. approach, of time, absolute Eccl 12:1; Song 2:12; Ezek 7:12 (|| בּוֺא); see also Esth 9:1 (followed by Infinitive), compare Esth 2:12; Esth 2:15; Ps 88:4 (followed by לְ).

4. of fate or lot, = befal, followed by אֶלֿ Esth 9:26; Eccl 8:14 (twice in verse); Ps 32:6.

toucheth, touch, touched, come, came, …

nāgaʿ

properly, to touch, i.e., lay the hand upon (for any purpose; euphemistically, to lie with a woman); by implication, to reach (figuratively, to arrive, acquire); violently, to strike (punish, defeat, destroy, etc.)

to touch, reach, strike

(Qal)

to touch

stricken (participle)

to cause to touch, apply

הַ שָּׁמָ֑יְמָ ה

הַ

Prefix — article the

שָּׁמָ֑יְמָ

Root word heaven, heavens, air

ה

Suffix — direction direction — "to / toward ___"

Dictionary form: שָׁמַיִם · shaw-ma-YIM

Noun — Common, masculine plural, absolute state plural — usually add "-s"

In the KJV here: to heaven

heaven ×76 of heaven ×74 the heavens ×50 the heaven ×22 of the heaven ×20 of the air ×19 from heaven ×15 in heaven ×15

More options

sky — Best for atmospheric or visible dome contexts.

heavens — Modernized plural; suits poetic or cosmic scope.

heaven — Theological or divine dwelling; singular register.

atmosphere — Technical/scientific contexts; birds, weather, air.

cosmos — Emphasizes vast, ordered universe; rare but vivid.

firmament — Retains ancient cosmological feel; use sparingly.

BDB8792 H8064

[שָׁמַי]noun masculine^{Deut 33:28} only plural שָׁמַ֫יִם₄₂₁ (Sta^{§324 a}) heavens, sky (Late Hebrew id.; Assyrian šamû plural šamê, šamûtu, also šamâmu, compare Phoenician שמם; Sabean סמה Hom^{Chr 46, 124}; Arabic Ethiopic Aramaic שְׁמַיָּא ; Palmyrene, Nabataean שמ(י)ן in proper name (compounded with בעל) Lzb¹⁵³ GACooke⁴⁵; on plural form see Ba^{ZMG xiii (1888), 341 f.}); — absolute ׳שׁ Gen 1:1 +, מָ֑יִם- Gen 2:4 +; הַשָּׁמַ֫יְמָה Exod 9:8 +; construct שְׁמֵי Deut 10:14 + 9 t.; suffix שָׁמֶיךָ Ps 8:4 +2 t., שָׁמָיו Deut 33:28, שְׁמֵיכֶם Lev 26:19, with verb plural, Hos 2:23 —

1. a. visible heavens, sky, where stars, etc., are Judg 5:20; Gen 15:5 (J), Deut 4:19; Gen 1:14; Gen 1:15; Gen 1:17 (P), hence ׳כּוֺכְבֵי הַשּׁ Gen 22:17 (JE) = 9 t. (usually as countless), ׳(כָּלֿ) צְבָא הַשּׁ Deut 4:19; Jer 8:2 + ( ׳צ 1 c; rarely of angels, ׳צ 1 b; before which fowl fly Gen 1:20 (P), compare Deut 4:17; Jer 8:7; Prov 30:19, ׳עוֺף הַשּׁ Gen 2:19 (J), Gen 1:19 (P) + (עוֺף 1), ׳צִפֹּר שׁ Ps 8:9, ׳נִשְׁרֵי שׁ Lam 4:19 as רָקִיע (q. v.) Gen 1:8 (P), Ps 19:2, with waters beneath and above Gen 1:9 (P, compare vGen 1:7), Ps 148:4, darkened with clouds 1Kgs 18:45, cleared by wind Job 26:13 whence comes rain Gen 8:2 (J), Judg 5:4; Deut 11:11 +, and dew Gen 27:28 (J), vGen 27:39 (E), Deut 33:28 (poem) +. compare ׳בִּרְכֹת שׁ Gen 49:25 (poem in J), ׳מֶגֶר שׁ Deut 33:13 (poem), but also (destructive) fire 2Kgs 1:10 (twice in verse); Job 1:16 + (see also 2 a below); ׳הֹבְרֵישׁ Isa 47:13, i.e. astrologers, compare ׳אוֺתוֺתהַשּׁ Jer 10:2 as high Gen 11:4 (J), Amos (:2 (opposed to שְׁאוֺל), vGen 11:6 (opposed to אֶרֶץ) +, ׳עַדלֵֿב הַשּׁ Deut 4:11as over all the earth, ׳תַּחַת (כָּלֿ)הַשּׁ Gen 6:17; Gen 7:19 (both P), Deut 2:25; Eccl 1:13 ׳מִתַּחַת וגו (of extermination) Exod 17:14 (E), Deut 7:24; Deut 9:14 +; specifically of Israel, שָׁמֶיךָ Deut 28:23, שְׁמֵיכֶם Lev 26:19 (H); וּבֵין הָאָרֶץ ׳בֵּין הַשּׁ 2Sam 18:9 (hung from tree), 1Chr 21:16 (of angel), compare Ezek 8:3 (Ezekiel in vision), Zech 5:9 (flying ephah); וְעַדקְֿצֵה ׳מִקְּצֵה הַשּׁ ׳הַשּׁ of limits of horizon Deut 4:32, compare Deut 30:4; Neh 1:9; Ps 19:7 as made by God Jer 51:15 (opposed to תֵּבֵל), Ps 8:4 + enduring Deut 11:21; Job 14:12; Ps 89:30 especiallyוְ(הָ)אָרֶץ ׳(הַ)שּׁ = universe (compare in Sabean, SabDenkm^{No.41.42, l.3}) Deut 3:24; Gen 1:1 (P) + (especially Deuteronomy, Isa², Psalms), + הַיָם Exod 20:11; Hag 2:6, etc., + מַיִם מִתַּחַת לָאָרֶץ Exod 20:4= Deut 5:8,.compare Prov 30:4, etc.; opposed to תְּהוֺם Prov 8:27 (+ אֶרֶץ vProv 8:29) חֲרָשִׁים וְהָאָרֶץ חֲרָשָׁה ׳שׁ as part of future glory Isa 65:17; Isa 66:22.
b. phrases are: ׳אֲרֻבּוֺת הַשּׁ (letting rain through) Gen 7:11; Gen 8:2 (P), Mal 3:10 (figurative), compare ׳בַּשּׁ ׳א ׳הֲיַעֲשֶׂה י 2Kgs 7:2; 2Kgs 7:19, so ׳דַּלְתֵי שׁ Ps 78:23 (for manna), compare ׳דְָּגַן שׁ, vPs 78:24, ׳לֶחֶם שׁ Ps 105:40 ׳מוֺסְדוֺת הַשּׁ 2Sam 22:8 (|| הָאָרֶץ; in || Ps 18:8 חָרִים ׳מ), ׳עַמּוּרֵי שׁ Job 26:11, ׳חוּג שׁ Job 22:14 towards the sky is הַשָּׁמַ֫יְמָה Josh 8:20(J), Exod 9:8; Exod 9:10 (P), Job 2:12; Judg 13:20; Judg 20:40; 2Chr 6:13 עַלהַֿשָּׁמַיִם Exod 9:22; Exod 9:23; Exod 10:21; Exod 10:22(all E), ׳אֶלשֿׁ Deut 32:40 (poem), Dan 12:7, ׳שׁ alone 1Kgs 8:22; 1Kgs 8:54; Job 35:5; Prov 23:5.

2. a. as abode of God (׳י) 1Kgs 8:30; 1Kgs 8:32 + often, where he sits enthroned Ps 2:3; Isa 66:1, etc., compare ׳רֹכֵבשׁ Deut 33:26(poem), Ps 68:34, whence he rains brimstone Gen 19:24 (J), bread Exod 16:4 (E), compare Neh 9:15, casts hailstones Josh 11:11 (E), talks with Israel Exod 20:22 (E; Gi vExod 20:19) +, compare Gen 21:17; Gen 22:11; Gen 22:15 (E), looks down Deut 26:15 +, hears his people Ps 20:7+ 10 t. Chronicles, etc.; he thunders ׳בַּשּׁ 1Sam 2:10; Ps 18:14,|| ׳מִןשֿׁ 2Sam 22:14 he bends (נטה) ׳שׁ to come down v2Sam 22:10= Ps 18:10, compare Ps 144:5 and (rend) Isa 63:19 ׳נִפְּתְּחוּ הַשּׁ Ezek 1:1 in vision of God, compare ׳שַׁעַר הַשּׁ Gen 28:17 (E; + בֵּית אֱלֹהִים); though even ׳שְׁמֵי הַשּׁ the highest heuvens cannot hold him Deut 10:14; 1Kgs 8:27 2 Chron 6:18, 2Chr 2:5; Neh 9:6; Ps 148:4, שְׁמֵי שְׁמֵיקֶֿדֶם Ps 68:34 he is called ׳אֱלֹהֵי הַשּׁ (post-exilic title) Ezra 1:2 = 2Chr 36:23 + 11 t. Ezra Nehemiah; Jonah 1:9 (compare Aramaic, Dan 2:18; Dan 2:19; Dan 2:37; Dan 2:44 in Gen 24:7 add with ᵐ5 וֵאלֹהֵי הָאָרֶץ, as vGen 24:3), ׳אֵלהַֿשׁ Ps 136:26 his sword is ׳בַּשׁ Isa 34:5, but also his חֶסֶד Ps 36:6, צֶדֶק Ps 85:12, אֱמוּנָח Ps 89:3, his word fixed Ps 119:89. — ׳שׁ are שָׁמָיו (of Israel) Deut 33:28 (poem), שְׁמֵיכֶם Lev 26:19 שָׁמֶיךָ Ps 8:4; Ps 144:5, ׳שְׁמֵי י Lam 3:66, קָדְשׁוֺ ׳שׁ Ps 20:7.
b. Elijah taken up ׳הַשּׁ in whirlwind 2Kgs 2:1, compare v2Kgs 2:11.

3. ׳הַשּׁ personified in various relations Isa 1:2; Jer 2:12; Job 15:15; Ps 19:2; Ps 50:6 = Ps 97:6; Ps 89:6; Ps 148:4.

4. מְלֶכֶת ׳הַשּׁ see ׳מ p. 573.

I, II. שַׁמָּה see שׁמם. שָׂ֫מָּה see שָׁם.

BDB9965 H8064 H8065

[שְׁמַ֫יִן] noun masculine plural heavens (Biblical Hebrew [שָׁמַי], שָׁמַיִם, √ שׁמה); — always emphatic שְׁמַיָּא:

1. visible sky Jer 10:11; Dan 4:8; Dan 4:10; Dan 4:17; Dan 4:19; Dan 4:20; Dan 4:27; Dan 4:28 ׳עוֺף שׁ Dan 2:38 ׳צִפֲּרֵי שׁ Dan 4:9; Dan 4:18 ׳טַל שׁ v.Dan 4:12 v.Dan 4:20 v.Dan 4:22 v.Dan 4:30; Dan 5:21 ׳רוּחֵי שׁ Dan 7:2 winds of the sky; ׳עֲנָנֵי שׁ vDan 7:13 heavens + earth = universe Jer 10:11, where God shews signs Dan 6:28.

2.heavens as abode of God Dan 2:28; Dan 4:31, hence, figurative, as ruling v.Dan 4:23 (׳שׁ sometimes = God in Late Hebrew, J, Aramaic, D^{Worte Jesu 179; Eng.Tr.218 f.}); as abode of angels v.Dan 4:32 (Dr); elsewhere in phrase ׳אֱלָהּ שׁ Dan 2:18; Dan 2:19; Dan 2:37; Dan 2:44; Ezra 5:11; Ezra 5:12; Ezra 6:9; Ezra 6:10; Ezra 7:12; Ezra 7:21; Ezra 7:23 (twice in verse), ׳מֶלֶךְ שׁ Dan 4:34, ׳מָרֵא שׁ Dan 5:23.

heaven, heavens, air

šāmayim

the sky (as aloft; the dual perhaps alluding to the visible arch in which the clouds move, as well as to the higher ether where the celestial bodies revolve)

heaven, heavens, sky

visible heavens, sky

as abode of the stars

וְ הִנֵּה֙

וְ

Prefix — connector and (sometimes: but, so, then)

הִנֵּה֙

Particle this / that

Dictionary form: הִנֵּה · hin-NAY

Particle — Demonstrative

In the KJV here: and behold

behold ×420 and behold ×208 lo ×52 and lo ×35 that behold ×14 him behold ×12 here am i ×7 it and behold ×7

More options

look — Vivid, natural attention-getter; works in most contexts.

see — Slightly softer; good for pointing out a situation or fact.

listen — Prefer when the focus is on what follows, not what is seen.

here — Best for self-presentation or arrival contexts (e.g., 'here I am').

notice — More reflective; suits narrative asides or observations.

surely — Adverbial use; emphasizes certainty rather than attention-getting.

BDB2205 H2009

הִנֵּה, once הִנֶּהֿ^{Gen 19:2}, demonstrative particle lo! behold! ( certainly, surely, literally lo !), with suffix (the pronoun being conceived as accusative, Ew^{§ 262 c}.; compare, , which takes an accusative, whether of a noun or pronominal suffix) הִנְנִי Gen 6:13 + often (also הִנֶּ֣נִּי Gen 22:7), הִנֵּ֑נִי Gen 22:1; Gen 22:11 +, (הִנֶּ֔נִּי Gen 27:18), Isa 65:1 הִנֵּ֣נִי הִנֵּ֔נִי (but הִנֵּה אָנֹכִי is also said Gen 24:13; Gen 24:43; Gen 25:32; Gen 48:21; Exod 4:23; Exod 7:17 +; and, more rarely, הִנֵּה אֲנִי Ezek 37:5; Ezek 37:12; Ezek 37:19; Ezek 37:21; 2Chr 2:3, compare 2Kgs 10:9; Jer 32:27); הִנְּךָ Gen 20:3 + ( 2Kgs 7:2 הִנְּכָה), הִנֶּ֑ךָּ Ps 139:8, feminine הִנָּךָ Gen 16:11 + 6 t.; הִנּוֺ Num 23:17; Job 2:6; 1Chr 11:25, הִנֵּ֫הוּ Jer 18:3 Kt (הִנֵּה הוּא is more usual, as Gen 20:16; Gen 42:27; 1Sam 10:22; Jer 38:5; Ruth 3:2): 1 plural הִנְנוּ Josh 9:25; 2Sam 5:1; Jer 3:22; Ezra 9:15, הִנֶּ֫נּוּ Gen 44:16; Gen 50:18; Num 14:40, הִנֵּנ֑וּ Job 38:35 הִנְּכֶם Deut 1:10; Jer 16:12 הִנָּם Gen 40:5 + often (37 t.) — lo ! behold !
a. pointing to persons or things, Gen 12:19 and now הִנֵּה אִשְׁתְּךָ behold thy wife ! Gen 18:9 הִנֵּה בָאֹהֶל behold (she is) in the tent (the suffix, when the noun to which הנה refers has immediately preceded, being not unfrequently omitted, Gen 16:14: compare Dr^{§ 135. 6, 2}), Gen 30:3; Gen 31:51 (twice in verse); Exod 24:8 etc. With suffix of 1 person, especially in response to a call, indicating the readiness of the person addressed to listen or obey, Here I am ! (literally Behold me !) Gen 22:1; Gen 22:7; Gen 22:11; Gen 27:1; Gen 27:18; Gen 31:11; Gen 37:13; Gen 46:2; Exod 3:4; 1Sam 3:4; 1Sam 3:5; 1Sam 3:6; 1Sam 3:8; 1Sam 3:16; 1Sam 22:12; 2Sam 1:7; Isa 6:8, compare 1Sam 12:3 הִנְנִי עֲנוּ בִי here I am, answer against me, 1Sam 14:43 (compare Dr^{p. 292}), 2Sam 15:26 (in resignation: compare Gen 44:16; Gen 50:18; Josh 9:25; Ezra 9:15): of God Isa 52:6; Isa 58:9; Isa 65:1 (twice in verse) (repeated for emphasis). In the plural הננו Num 14:40; Jer 3:22; Job 38:35. — Emph. הִנְנִי אָ֕נִי Ezek 34:11; Ezek 34:20, compare Ezek 6:3. on חִנְנִי אֶל ֗֗֗ , see אל 4, p. 40.
b. introducing clauses involving predication:
(a) with reference to the past or present, it points generally to some truth either newly asserted, or newly recognized, Gen 1:29 behold ! I have given to you all herbs etc. Gen 17:20; Gen 27:6; 1Sam 14:33 etc.; often one upon which some proposal or suggestion is to be founded, Exod 1:9 (compare הן Gen 11:6) 1Sam 20:2; 1Sam 20:5; 2Kgs 5:20. When the proposal is to be of the nature of an entreaty or request, הִנֵּהנָֿא is often used, instead of the simple הִנֵּה Gen 12:11; Gen 16:2; Gen 18:7; 1Kgs 20:31; 1Kgs 22:13 and elsewhere (see נָא).
(b) with reference to the future. Here it serves to introduce a solemn or important declaration Exod 32:34; Exod 34:10; Isa 7:14 and is used especially with the participle (the futuram instans [immanent future], Dr^{§ 135. 3}) in predictions or threats, Gen 20:3 הִנְּךָ מֵת (literally) behold thee (accusative) about to die, thou art about to die, Exod 4:23; Exod 7:17; Exod 9:3; Deut 31:17; 1Sam 3:11; 1Kgs 20:36; 1Kgs 22:25; Isa 3:1; Isa 10:33; Isa 17:1; Isa 19:1; Isa 22:17; Isa 24:1 + often; in the phrase הנה ימים באים 1Sam 2:31; 2Kgs 20:17 = Isa 39:6; Amos 4:2; Amos 8:11; Amos 9:13 + Jer 15 t.; very often with the suffix of 1 person singular, as הִנְנִי מֵבִיא Behold, I bring (literally behold me bringing, or about to bring) . . . Gen 6:17; Exod 10:4 & often, especially in Jeremiah; Gen 9:9; Exod 8:17; Exod 9:18; Exod 34:11; Exod 2:20; Exod 29:14; Exod 43:19; Exod 11:22 (הִנְנִי פֹקֵד; so Jer 23:2 +) Jer 16:16; Jer 20:4, etc.; anomalously, with change of person, Isa 28:16 הִנְנִי יִסַּד (according to points) behold me, one who has founded, Isa 29:14 הִנְנִי יוֺסִף behold me, one who will add (so Isa 38:5); but it is dubious whether the participle יֹסֵד, יוֺסֵף should not be read.
c. וְהִנֵּה ֗֗֗ very frequently in historical style, especially (but not exclusively) after verbs of seeing or discovering, making the narrative graphic and vivid, and enabling the reader to enter into the surprise or satisfaction of the speaker or actor concerned: Gen 1:31 and behold, it was very good, Gen 6:12; Gen 8:13; Gen 15:12; Gen 18:2; Gen 37:29; Exod 2:6; Deut 9:13 etc.: in the description of a dream Gen 37:7; Gen 37:9; Gen 40:9; Gen 40:16; Gen 41:1; Gen 41:2; Gen 41:3; Isa 29:8, or of a vision Amos 7:1; Amos 7:4; Amos 8:1 etc. With a participle (the context fixing the sense to the past), Gen 24:30; Gen 37:15 (both without suffix); Judg 9:43; Judg 11:34; 1Kgs 19:5; 1Kgs 19:11 +.
d. like II. הֵן (b), nearly = if (rare): Lev 13:5; Lev 13:6; Lev 13:7; Lev 13:8 (& elsewhere in this and the next chapter) וְהִנֵּה and behold = and if, Deut 13:15 and Deut 17:4 וְהִנֵּה אֱמֶת and behold it is true = and if it be true, Deut 19:18; 1Sam 20:12 compare 1Sam 9:7; 2Sam 18:11; Hos 9:6.

BDB6199 H6258 H2088 H2009 H5704 H3588

עַתָּ֫ה₄₃₅ (also Ezek 23:43; Ps 74:6 עת Kt, Qr עַתָּה), עָ֑֫תָּה Gen 32:5 +, adverb of time, now (properly accusative of [`int],עֵת (Kö^{ii. 260}), at the time, in particular of the present time, i.e. now; compare German zur Zeit, Arabic at the time, i.e. now); — now:

1. a. Gen 12:19 ועתה הנה אשׁתך and now, behold thy wife, Gen 22:12 כי עתח ידעתי now, I know (so Exod 18:11; Judg 17:13; 1Kgs 17:24 [עַתָּה זֶה], Ps 20:7), Gen 26:22; Gen 26:29; Gen 27:36; Gen 31:13; Gen 31:28, etc., Exod 5:5 הך רבים עתה עם הארץ; whether in opposed to past time, as Gen 32:11; Josh 14:11 כְּכֹחִי אָז וּכְכֹחִי עָ֑תָּה, Judg 11:8; 1Kgs 12:4; Isa 1:21 ועתה מרצחים, Isa 16:14; Hos 2:9 כִּי טוֺב לִי אָז מַעָ֑תָּה, Hos 13:2, Job 30:1 +, or to future, as Num 24:17 אֶרְאֶנּוּ ולא עתה, Judg 8:6 חֲכַף עַתָּהכְּֿיָדֶ֑ךָ ׳זֶבַח וצ, 1Sam 2:16 כִּי עַתָּה תִּתֵּן; = after all Num 22:38; Judg 8:2 = now at last 2Sam 24:16; 1Kgs 19:4; 2Kgs 19:25; Hos 7:2; Jer 4:12 and in the phrase מעתה ועד עולם Isa 9:6; Isa 59:21; (see below), Ps 113:2; Ps 115:18; Ps 121:8; Ps 125:2; Ps 131:3.
b. of the imminent or impending future: Gen 19:9 עַתָּה נָרַע לְךָ מַהֶם. Gen 29:32 כי עתה יאהבני אישׁי, vGen 29:34; Exod 6:1 עתה תראה, Num 11:23; Num 22:4; 2Sam 20:6; Isa 33:10 (Ps 12:6), Isa 43:19; Isa 49:19; Amos 6:7 לכן עתה יִגְלוּ, Isa 49:19; Mic 7:4; Mic 7:10; Dan 10:20 and especially ἀσυνδέτως in Hosea, introducing a punishment, Hos 4:16 ׳וגו ׳עתה יִרְעֵם י Hos 5:7; Hos 8:8; Hos 8:13 (Jer 14:10), Jer 10:2.
c. of a time ideally present (= then, from our point of view): Isa 29:22 לא עתה יבושׁ יעקב, v^b Hos 10:3; Mic 4:9; Mic 4:10; Mic 4:11; Mic 4:14; Mic 5:3.
d. describing a present state = as things are: 1Sam 8:5 thou art old, etc., עתה שִׂימָה לנו מלך, 1Sam 9:6; 1Sam 13:12; 1Sam 14:30; 1Sam 25:7b; 1Sam 27:1 now I shall be swept away one day, etc., 2Kgs 18:20; 2Kgs 18:25; Job 6:21; Job 14:16; Job 16:7.
e. with an Imperative, as an encouragement, implying that the time has come for the exhortation or advice to be followed, Gen 31:13 עתה קים צא, Exod 18:19 עתה שְׁמַע בקולי, Num 22:11; Deut 2:13; 1Sam 30:8.

2. Phrases:
a. עַתָּה זֶה (זְה 4 h) 1Kgs 17:24; 2Kgs 5:22.
b. ועתה and, now, or now, therefore (וְ 4), drawing a conclusion, especially (compare 1 e) a practical one, from what has been stated: Gen 3:22 and now (since man has once been disobedient), lest he put forth his hand, etc., Gen 20:7; Gen 20:23 וְעַתָּה הִשָּֽׁבְעָה לִי הֵ֫נָּה, Gen 27:3; Gen 27:8 ועתה בני שְׁמַע בקולי, Gen 30:30; Gen 31:16; Gen 31:44; Gen 37:20 + often, Isa 5:3; Isa 5:5; Ps 2:10; Gen 11:6 ׳ועתה לאֹיִֿבָּצֵר מֵהֶם וגו, Gen 31:30; Gen 45:8; 2Sam 19:11; Ps 39:8 ועתה מַהקִּֿזִּיתִי אֲדֹנָי, Isa 52:5,
c. וְעַתָּה הִנֵּה stating the ground on which some conclusion or action is to be based, Exod 3:9; Josh 14:10 (twice in verse); 1Sam 12:2; 1Sam 24:21; 1Kgs 1:18; Jer 40:4 (with ועתה usually repeated afer the הנה-clause).
d. גם עתה Gen 44:10; 1Sam 12:16; 1Kgs 14:14; Joel 2:12; Job 16:19.
e. מֵעַתָּה from now, henceforth, Jer 3:4; Isa 48:6; Dan 10:17 (according to some, here = from just now), 2Chr 16:9 מעתה ועד עוּלּסּ, see above 1 a end. feminine עַדעַֿתָּה until now, Gen 32:5, ׳וֶאֵחַר עדעֿ, Deut 12:9 ׳אל הנחלה לא באתם עד ע (opposed to the future), 2Kgs 13:23 especially after clause with מִן, 2Kgs 46:34 ׳מִנְּעוּרֵינוּ וְעַדעֿ (2Sam 19:8; Ezek 4:14), Exod 9:18; 2Kgs 8:6; Ruth 2:7.
g. כִּי עַתָּה for in this case, in our idiom, for them (עתה pointing to a condition assumed as a possible contingency: compare Dr^{§ 141, 142}); (a) Exod 9:15 כי עתה ׳שׁלחתי וגו for then (if the intention expressed in vExod 9:14 had not existed) I should have put forth my hand, etc., Num 22:29 כי עתה הֲרַגְתִּיךְ, 1Sam 13:13; Job 3:13 followed by imperfect Job 6:3 for then (if it were weighed, vJob 6:2) it would be heavier, etc., Job 13:19 for then would I be silent and die; (b) after a protasis, surely then Gen 31:42 + (see כִּי 1 d b, p. 472). — Note. Read כְּמוֺ עַתָּ) (ᵐ5 ᵑ9) as now, for כְּמוֺ עֵת Ezek 16:57, עַתָּ נִשְׁבַּרְתְּ (ᵐ5 ᵑ6 ᵑ9) now art thou broken ! for עֵת נִשְׁבֶּרֶת Ezek 27:34, and probably עַתָּ בָּא (Hi We Kö Now, compare ᵐ5 ᵑ6) for עֶתבּֿאֹ Hag 1:2 also עַתָּה for אַתָּה 1Kgs 1:20, and אַתָּה for עַתָּה v1Kgs 1:18b 2Sam 18:3.

behold, lo, here, see

hinnē

lo!

behold, lo, see, if

מַלְאֲכֵ֣י

Root word angel, messengers, messenger, angels, ambassadors

Dictionary form: מֲלְאָךְ · mul-OKE

Noun — Common, masculine plural, construct state plural — usually add "-s"; "___ of …" — bound to the next word

In the KJV here: the angels of

messengers ×44 the angel ×33 and the angel ×24 the messengers ×11 an angel ×8 a messenger ×7 then the angel ×7 the messenger ×5

More options

messenger — Core meaning; best for human envoys or diplomatic contexts.

angel — Preferred for divine/heavenly beings sent by God.

envoy — Formal register; suits royal or diplomatic dispatches.

ambassador — Highlights official representative role, human or divine.

emissary — Slightly elevated; good for solemn or weighty missions.

herald — Emphasizes public proclamation aspect of the mission.

BDB4280 H4397

מַלְאָךְ₂₁₄ noun masculine messenger; — ׳מ Exod 23:20 + 48 t.; construct מַלְאַךְ Gen 16:7 + 69 t.; suffixes מַלְאָכִי Exod 23:23 + 3 t.; מַלְאָכוֺ Gen 24:7; Gen 24:40 plural מַלְאָכִים Gen 32:4 + 63 t. + מלאכים 2Sam 11:1 Kt ( Qr מלכים); construct מַלְאֲכֵי Gen 28:12 + 11 t.; מַלְאָכֶיךָ Num 24:12; 2Kgs 19:23 מַלְאָכֵכֵה Nah 2:14 error for מַלְאָכֵכִי = מַלְאָכַיְכִי Ges^{«GKC:91»§ 91}, (2) Anm. 2 or < for מַלְאָכֵךְ by dittograph from following הוֺי Kö^{ii. 1. 571}). מַלְאָכָיו 2Chr 36:15 + 8 t.; —

1. messenger,
a. one sent with a message Gen 32:4 + 8 t. J E; Deut 2:26, (not in P); Judg 6:35 + 8 t.; 1Sam 6:21 + 51 t. Samuel Kings, 1Chr 14:1; 1Chr 19:2; 1Chr 19:16; 2Chr 18:12; 2Chr 35:21; Neh 6:3; Job 1:14; Prov 13:17; Prov 17:11; Isa 14:32; Isa 18:2; Isa 30:4; Isa 37:9; Isa 37:14; Jer 27:3; Ezek 17:15; Ezek 23:16; Ezek 23:40; Ezek 30:9; Nah 2:14 מלאכי שׁלום, messengers of peace Isa 33:7.
b. a prophet Isa 42:19; Isa 44:26; 2Chr 36:15; 2Chr 36:16; Hag 1:13 the herald of the advent מלאכי Mal 3:1.
c. priest Mal 2:7, probably Eccl 5:5 (RV angel).
d. || מֵלִיץ Job 33:23, a messenger from God acting as an interpreter and declaring what is right (angel of RV too specific).
e. figurative רָעִים ׳מ messengers of evil Ps 78:49 מות ׳מ messenger of death Prov 16:14 || רוחות winds his messengers Ps 104:4.

2. angel, as messenger of God, מלאכים with God in theophanies Gen 19:1; Gen 19:15; Gen 28:12; Gen 32:2 (JE), praising him; Ps 103:20; Ps 148:2 in his sight not without error Job 4:18 charged with the care of the pious Ps 91:11 elsewhere singular sent to a prophet 1Kgs 13:18; 1Kgs 19:5; 1Kgs 19:7; 2Kgs 1:3; 2Kgs 1:15; Zech 1:9 + 18 t. in Zech 1-6; excellent, wise, powerful 1Sam 29:9; 2Sam 14:17; 2Sam 14:20; 2Sam 19:28; Zech 12:8 encamping about the faithful Ps 34:8 chasing his enemies Ps 35:5; Ps 35:6 destroying by judgment of Yahweh 2Sam 24:16; 2Sam 24:17 = 1Chr 21:12-30; 2Kgs 19:35 = Isa 37:36 = 2Chr 32:21.

3. the theophanic angel ה֯א֠להים ׳מ in the story of E: Gen 21:17; Gen 31:11; Exod 14:19, also in Judg 6:20; Judg 13:6; Judg 13:9 יהוה ׳מ in the story of J: Gen 16:7; Gen 16:9; Gen 16:10; Gen 16:11; Gen 22:11; Gen 22:15; Exod 3:2; Num 22:22; Num 22:23; Num 22:24; Num 22:25; Num 22:26; Num 22:27; Num 22:31; Num 22:32; Num 22:34; Num 22:35 and in Judg 2:1; Judg 2:4; Judg 5:23; Judg 6:11; Judg 6:12; Judg 6:21 (twice in verse); Judg 6:22 (twice in verse); Judg 13:3; Judg 13:13; Judg 13:15; Judg 13:16 (twice in verse); Judg 13:17; Judg 13:18; Judg 13:20 (twice in verse); Judg 13:21 הַמַּלְאָךְ Gen 48:16 (E); מַלְאָךְ Exod 23:20 (E), Exod 33:2; Num 20:16 (JE), Hos 12:5 מַלְאָכִי Exod 23:23 (E), Exod 32:34 (J); מַלְאָכוֺ Gen 24:7; Gen 24:40 (J), פניו ׳מ Mal 3:1 (referring to the ancient מלאך); הכרית ׳מ Mal 3:1 (referring to the advent of ׳י for judgment, see Br^{MP 473}). The theophanic angel is not mentioned in D and P.

BDB9633 H4397

לאך (√ of following; Biblical Hebrew לאך, מַלְאָח).

angel, messengers, messenger, angels, ambassadors

mălʾok

a messenger; specifically, of God, i.e., an angel (also a prophet, priest or teacher)

messenger, representative

messenger

אֱלֹהִ֔ים

Root word god, gods, judges, great, goddess, …

Dictionary form: אֱלֹהִים · eh-loh-HEEM

Noun — Common, masculine plural, absolute state plural — usually add "-s"

In the KJV here: god

god ×587 thy god ×320 of god ×316 your god ×162 our god ×116 the god ×110 gods ×95 their god ×62

More options

God — Preferred for the God of Israel; singular context.

gods — Use for polytheistic or plural divine beings.

deity — Neutral, academic tone; suits comparative religion contexts.

divine being — Emphasizes nature over identity; good for ambiguous referents.

judge — Use when context is legal or judicial authority.

mighty one — Captures intensifying plural; rare angelic or hero contexts.

BDB2100 H3068 H3069 H1961 H430 H589 H2022 H6635

יהוה_{c. 6823} i.e. יַהְוֶה proper name, of deity Yahweh, the proper name of the God of Israel — (

1. ᵑ0 יְהוָֺה^C518 (Qr אֲדֹנָי), or יֱהוִֺה₃₀₅ (Qr אֱלֹהִים), in the combinations אדני יהוה & יהוה אדני (see אֲדֹנֶי), and with preposition בַּיהוָֺה, לַיהוָֺה, מֵיהוָֺה (Qr בַּאדֹנָי, לַאדֹנָי, מֵאדֹנָי), do not give the original form. ᵐ5 and other Vrss follow the Qr. On the basis of Exod 20:7; Lev 24:11 יהוה was regarded as a nomen ineffabile (see Philo^{de Vita Mosis iii. 519, 529}), called by the Jews הַשֵּׁם and by the Samaritans שׁימא. The pronunciation Jehovah was unknown until 1520, when it was introduced by Galatinus; but it was contested by Le Mercier, J. Drusius, and L. Capellus, as against grammatical and historical propriety (compare Bö^{§ 88}). The traditional Ἰαβέ of Theodoret and Epiphanius, the יָֿהוּ, יְהוֺֿ of compound proper name and the contracted form יָהּ all favour יַהְוֶךְ (compare יַהֲלֹמ֑וּן Ps 74:6 תַּהֲרוּ Isa 33:11), see Lag^{Sym i.14} Baud^{Studien i.179 ff.}; Dr^{Stud.Bib.i.1 ff.} For Jeve see Sta^{ZAW 1881, 346} De^{ib.1882, 173 f. & Gn. Excurs. ii.}

2. on literature of interpretations see Nes^Eg.67 Dr^{l.c. — Many recent scholars explain} יַהְוֶה as Hiph`il of היה (=היה) the one bringing into being, life-giver (compare חַוָּה Gen 3:20) Schr HSch; giver of existence, creator, Kue Tiele; he who brings to pass (so already Le Clerc),performer of his promises, Lag, Nes^Eg.88 (but Nes^{Eg.91 inclines to Qal as} RS^{Brit. & For. Ev. Rev} see below); or from היה he who causes to fall, rain or lightning RS^{OTJC.ed.1, 423; om.ed.2, 245}, compare We^{Skizzen iii.175}; 'Fäller,' destroying foes, Sta^G.i.429 (dubiously). But most take it as Qal of הוה (= היה); the one who is: i.e. the absolute and unchangeable one, Ri; the existing, ever living, as self-consistent and unchangeable, Di; or the one ever coming into manifestation as the God of redemption, De Oehl; compare also RS^{Brit. & For. Ev. Rev. 1876}, he will be it, i.e all that his servants look for (compare Ew^infr), he will approve himself (give evidence of being, assert his being Dr^l.c.17)).

**Theories of non-Hebrew or non-Semitic origin, opposed (in their older forms) by Bau^{Rel. i. 181 ff. (see especially 230)}; Dl^{Pa 162 ff.} claimed Babylonian origin for יהו, against this Kue^{national Religions, etc., Note iv (Eng. Trans. 329 ff.)} Jastr^{JBL xiil {1894}, 103 f.} compare Hpt^{BAS i. 170 N}; Dl^{Babel u. Bibel, 46 f., 73 f.} makes same claim for יהוה, against this see especially Hirsch^{ZAW xxiil {1903}, 355 ff.} Zim^{KATS. 465 ff.}; Spiegelb^{ZMG:liii {1899}, 633 ff.} proposes (improbable) Egyptian etymology for יהוה; further discussions see in Kö^{EB NAMES, § 112 and n.3}. 'Jehovah' found in Jacob (? Johannes) Wessel († 1480), according to Schw^{ThLZ, 1905, col. 612}.

I. יהוה is not used by E in Genesis, but is given Exod 3:12-15 as the name of the God who revealed Himself to Moses at Horeb, and is explained thus : אֶהְיֶה עִמָּ֑ךְ I shall be with thee (Exod 3:12), which is then implied in אֶהְיֶה אֲשֶׁר אֶהְיֶה I shall be the one who will be it vExod 3:14a (i.e: with thee vExod 3:12) and then compressed into אֶהְיֶה vExod 3:14b (i.e. with thee vExod 3:12), which then is given in the nominal form יהוה He who will be it vExod 3:15 (i.e. with thee vExod 3:12). compare Ew^{BTh ii. 337, 338} RS^{l.c., Proph. 385 ff.} Other interpretations are: I am he who I am, i.e. it is no concern of yours (Le Clerc Lag^{Psalt.Hieron.156}); I am (this is my name), inasmuch as I am (אֲשֶׁר = כִּי; AE JDMich We^JD Th xxi, 540 = compare Hexateuch 72); Di and others I am who I am, he who is essentially unnameable, inexplicable, — E uses יהוה sparingly by the side of אלהים and האלהים in his subsequent narrative. The Ephraimitic writers in Judges Samuel Kings use it in similar proportions. P abstains from the use of יהוה until he gives an account of its revelation to Moses Exod 6:3 but subsequently uses it freely. He gives no explanation of its meaning. He represents that אֵל שַׁדַּי was the God of the patriarchs. J uses יהוה from the beginning of his narrative, possibly explaining it, Gen 21:83 by אל עולם, the evergreen tamarisk being a symbol of the ever-living God; compare De Gen 21:33. Elsewhere יהוה is the common divine name in pre-exilic writers, but in post-exilic writers gradually falls into disuse, and is supplanted by אלהים and אדני. In Job it is used 31 t. in prose parts, and Job 12:9 (a proverb); not elsewhere in the poem. Chronicles apart from his sources prefers אלהים and האלהים. Daniel uses יהוה only in chap. 9 (7 t.); Ecclesiastes not at all. In the Elohistic group of Psalm 42-83 it is used 39 t. (see אלהים) . It occurs as the name of Israel's God MI¹⁸. It is doubtful whether it was used by other branches of the Shemitic family, compare COT Gen 2:4b Dl^{Pa 158 ff.} Dr^{Stud. Bib. i. 7 ff}.

II. 1. יהוה is used with אלהים and suffixes, especially in D;
a. with אֱלֹהֶיךָ in the Ten Words Exod 20:2-12 (5 t.) = Deut 5:6-16 in the law of worship of J E, Exod 23:19; Exod 34:24; Exod 34:26 in D 234 t.; Josh 1:9; Josh 1:17; Josh 9:9; Josh 9:24 (D²); elsewhere Gen 27:20; Exod 15:26 (JE), Judg 6:26 Samuel & Kings 20 t.; 1Chr 11:2; 1Chr 22:11; 1Chr 22:12; 2Chr 9:8 (twice in verse); 2Chr 16:7; Isa 7:11; Isa 37:4 (twice in verse); Isa 41:13; Isa 43:3; Isa 51:15; Isa 55:5; Jer 40:2 + (3t.); Hos 12:10; Hos 13:4; Hos 14:2; Amos 9:15; Ps 81:11.
b. with אֱלֹהֵיכֶם in D 46 t.; D² 28 t.; H 15 t.; P 15 t.; elsewhere Exod 23:25 (E); Exod 8:24; Exod 10:8; Exod 10:16; Exod 10:17 (JE); Judg 6:10; 1Sam 12:12; 1Sam 12:14; 2Kgs 17:39; 2Kgs 23:21; 1Chr 22:18 + (10 t. Chronicles) Ps 76:12; Jer 13:16 + (5 t.) Ezek 20:5; Ezek 20:7; Ezek 20:19; Ezek 20:20; Joel 2:13 + (6 t.) Zech 6:15.
c. with אֱלֹהֵינוּ in D 23 t.; in D² 5 t.; Exod 8:6 (JE) Exod 3:18; Exod 5:3; Exod 8:22; Exod 8:23; Exod 10:25; Exod 10:26 (E) Judg 11:24; 1Sam 7:8; 1Kgs 8:57; 1Kgs 8:59; 1Kgs 8:61; 1Kgs 8:65; 2Kgs 18:22; 2Kgs 19:10 = Isa 36:7; Isa 37:20; 1Chr 13:2 + (15 t. Chronicles) Mic 4:5; Mic 7:17; Isa 26:13; Jer 3:22 + (17 t.) Ps 20:8; Ps 90:17 (?;Baer אֲדנָֹי); Ps 94:23; Ps 99:5; Ps 99:8; Ps 99:9 (twice in verse); Ps 105:7; Ps 106:47; Ps 113:5; Ps 122:9; Ps 123:2; Dan 9:10; Dan 9:13; Dan 9:14.
d. with אֱלֹהֵיהֶם Exod 10:7 (J) Exod 29:46 (twice in verse); Lev 26:44 (P) Judg 3:7; Judg 8:34; 1Sam 12:9; 1Kgs 9:9; 2Kgs 17:7; 2Kgs 17:9; 2Kgs 17:14; 2Kgs 17:16; 2Kgs 17:19; 2Kgs 18:12; 2Chr 31:6; 2Chr 33:17; 2Chr 34:33; Neh 9:3 (twice in verse); Neh 9:4; Jer 3:21; Jer 22:9; Jer 30:9; Jer 43:1 (twice in verse); Jer 50:4; Ezek 28:26; Ezek 34:30; Ezek 39:22; Ezek 39:28; Hos 1:7; Hos 3:5; Hos 7:10; Zeph 2:7; Hag 1:12 (twice in verse); Zech 9:16; Zech 10:6.
e. with אֱלֹהָיו Num 23:21 (E) Exod 32:11 (J) Lev 4:22 (P) Deut 17:19; Deut 18:7; 1Sam 30:6; 1Kgs 5:17; 1Kgs 11:4; 1Kgs 15:3; 1Kgs 15:4; 1Kgs 2:11; 1Kgs 16:2; 1Kgs 2:1 + 13 t. Chronicles; Mic 5:3; Jer 7:28; Ps 33:12; Ps 144:15; Ps 146:5; Jonah 2:2. feminine with אֱלֹהַי Num 22:18 (JE) Deut 4:5; Deut 18:16; Deut 26:14; Josh 14:8; Josh 14:9; 2Sam 24:24; 1Kgs 3:7; 1Kgs 5:18; 1Kgs 5:19; 1Kgs 8:28; 1Kgs 17:20; 1Kgs 17:21; 1Chr 21:17; 1Chr 22:7; 2Chr 2:3; 2Chr 6:19; 2Chr 9:5; Ps 7:2; Ps 7:4; Ps 13:4; Ps 18:29; Ps 30:3; Ps 30:13; Ps 35:24; Ps 40:6; Ps 104:1; Ps 109:26; Isa 25:1; Jer 31:18; Dan 9:4; Dan 9:20; Jonah 2:7; Hab 1:12; Zech 11:4; Zech 13:9; Zech 14:5.
g. with אֱלֹהַיִךְ Isa 60:9; Jer 2:17; Jer 2:19; Jer 3:13; Mic 7:10; Zeph 3:17.
h. with אלהים, probably always due to later editors, or to a Qr which has crept into the text Gen 2:4b — Gen 3:23 (J, 20 t. either אלהים inserted by R^P as Di De; or יהוה inserted by J in an older source); Exod 9:30 (J, but not in ᵐ5 ⅏; Samaritan אדני יהוה; possibly ᵑ0 from earlier Qr, & ⅏ from later Qr); 2Sam 7:22; 2Sam 7:25 (ᵐ5 אדני יהוה and 1Chr 17:20-23 only יהוה); 1Chr 17:16; 1Chr 17:17 (but 2Sam 7:18; 2Sam 7:19 אדני יהוה) 1Chr 28:20; 1Chr 29:1; 2Chr 1:9; 2Chr 6:41 (twice in verse); 2Chr 6:42; 2Chr 26:18 (but in the original Ps 132:8 stood יהוה (so ℌ), or else no divine name); Ps 72:18 (the late doxology) Ps 84:12 (but it makes the line too long); Jonah 4:6. For the combinations with other divine names see those names.

2. the phrase אֲנִי יהוה is noteworthy: —
a. after אמר either alone Exod 6:2; Exod 6:29 (P) or before relative and other clauses: Gen 28:13 (J) Gen 15:7 (R) Exod 6:6 (P) with אלהיכם Judg 6:10; Ezek 20:5.
b. after ידע כי (α) Exod 7:17; Exod 8:18; Exod 10:2 (J); Exod 7:5; Exod 14:4; Exod 14:18 (P); 1Kgs 20:13; 1Kgs 20:28; Jer 24:7; Ezek 6:7 + 48 t. Ezekiel; (β) with אלהיכם Exod 6:7; Exod 16:12; Deut 29:5 (P) Exod 20:20; Joel 4:17 (γ) with אלהיהם Exod 29:46 (P) Ezek 28:26; Ezek 34:30; Ezek 39:22; Ezek 39:28 (δ) before relative and other clauses Isa 45:3; Isa 49:23; Isa 49:26; Isa 60:16; Ezek 7:9; Ezek 17:24; Ezek 21:10; Ezek 22:22; Ezek 35:12; Ezek 36:36 (ε) with various forms of קדשׁ Exod 31:13 (P) Ezek 20:12; Ezek 37:28; Ezek 39:7 (ζ) with דברתי Ezek 5:13; Ezek 17:21, compare ׳יֵדְעוּ אשׁר אני י Ezek 20:26.
c. after כִּי in various combinations Lev 11:44; Lev 11:45; Num 35:34 (P), Lev 20:7; Lev 20:26; Lev 21:8; Lev 21:15; Lev 21:23; Lev 22:16; Lev 24:22; Lev 25:17; Lev 26:1; Lev 26:44 (all H); Exod 15:26 (R) Isa 41:13; Isa 43:3; Isa 61:8; Jer 9:23; Ezek 12:25; Ezek 21:4; Zech 10:6; Mal 3:6.
d. emphatic Exod 6:8; Exod 12:12; Lev 26:2; Lev 26:45; Num 3:13; Num 3:41; Num 3:45 (all P); Lev 18:5; Lev 18:6; Lev 18:21; Lev 19:12; Lev 19:14; Lev 19:16; Lev 19:18; Lev 19:28; Lev 19:30; Lev 19:32; Lev 19:37; Lev 21:12; Lev 22:2; Lev 22:3; Lev 22:8; Lev 22:30; Lev 22:31; Lev 22:33 (all H) Isa 43:15 with אלהיהם Exod 29:46 with אלהיךָ Isa 48:17 with אלהיכם Lev 23:43; Lev 25:38; Lev 25:55; Num 10:10; Num 15:41 (twice in verse) (P) Lev 18:2; Lev 18:4; Lev 18:30; Lev 19:2; Lev 19:3; Lev 19:4; Lev 19:10; Lev 19:25; Lev 19:31; Lev 19:34; Lev 19:36; Lev 20:24; Lev 23:22; Lev 26:13 (all H) Ezek 20:7; Ezek 20:19; Joel 2:27 with מְקַדֵּשׁ Lev 20:8; Lev 22:9; Lev 22:32 (H), with דברתי Num 14:35 (P) Ezek 5:15 + (11 t. Ezekiel); with clauses Isa 27:3; Isa 41:4; Isa 41:17; Isa 42:6; Isa 42:8; Isa 45:5; Isa 45:6; Isa 45:7; Isa 45:8; Isa 45:18; Isa 45:19; Isa 45:21; Isa 60:22; Jer 17:10; Jer 32:27; Ezek 14:4; Ezek 14:7; Ezek 14:9; Ezek 34:24 אָנֹכִי יהוה is used in the Ten Words Exod 20:2; Exod 20:5 = Deut 5:6; Deut 5:9 cited Ps 81:11; Hos 12:10; Hos 13:4 elsewhere only Exod 4:11 (J) Isa 43:11; Isa 44:24; Isa 51:15.

3. יהוה is also used with several predicates, to form sacred names of holy places of Yahweh יהוה יראה Gen 22:14 (J); יהוה נסי Exod 17:15 (E) יהוה שׁלים Judg 6:24 יהוה צדקנו Jer 33:16 (compare Jer 23:6 where it is applied to the Messiah); יהוה שָׁ֑מָּה Ezek 48:35. — On combinations such as ׳הַר י, צְבָאוֺת ׳י etc., see הַר, צָבָא, etc.

Note. — Bonk^{ZAW 1891, 126 ff.} seems to shew that as prefix, in compare proper name, יְהוֺ is the oldest and the latest form and that יוֺ is intermediate, belonging to the earlier post-exilic period until the time of Chronicles; occasional copyists' mistakes being taken into the account.

BDB2170 H1984 H430 H3050

II. [הָלַל] verb be boastful, Pi`el praise (Arabic shout, both in joy & (if conjecture of Nö RS be right, see citation below) in terror; especially II. in formula of worship; Syriac Pa`el cecinit, laudavit; compare Late Hebrew הִלּוּל praise, הַלֵּל id., Hallel (Psalm 113-118); Aramaic הִילּוּלָא marriage-song, &c.; on Assyrian alâlu, shout for joy, rejoice see Lyon^{Sargontexte 66 (Cylinder. 1. 36)} also Winckler^{Sargontexte 134, 1. 194; 156. 1. 149} KB^{44. 1. 36; 80. 1. 194}; all variations of cry aloud, compare Nö^{ZMG 1887, 723} RS^{Semitic 411}; perhaps originally break through, or out (in a cry), compare We^{Skizzen iii. 107 ff., especially 109}; compare also (according to Prät^{BAS i. 369 f.}) Ethiopic implore (compare Amharic, Tigrinya), & swear) —

Qal Imperfect 2 masculine plural תָּהֹ֑לּוּ Ps 75:5 Participle הוֺלֲלִים Ps 5:6 + 2 t.; — be boastful אַלתָּֿהֹ֑לּוּ Ps 75:5 (|| אַלֿ (תָּרִימוּקָ֑רֶן); Participle boastful ones, boasters Ps 5:6 (|| פֹּעֲלֵי אָוֶן); Ps 73:3; Ps 75:5 (both || רְשָׁעִים). Pi`el Perfect הִלֵּל Ps 10:3, 1 singular suffix הִלַּלְתִּיךָ Ps 119:164 3 masculine plural וְהִלֲלן consecutive Isa 62:9, suffix הִלֲלוּךָ Isa 64:10. etc.; Imperfect יְהַלֶּלֿ Ps 63:6; Ps 102:19 suffix יְהַלֶּלְךָ Prov 27:2, יְהַלֲלֶ֑ךָּ Isa 38:18, וַיְהַלֲלָהּ Prov 31:38: 1 singular אֲהַלֵּל Ps 56:5 + 2 t., cohortative אֲהַלֲלָה Ps 69:31 + 2 t., etc.; Imperative feminine singular הַלֲלִי Ps 146:1; Ps 147:12 masculine plural הַלְלוּ Ps 104:35 + 30 t. Psalm + Jer 20:13; Jer 31:7 suffix הַלֲלוּ֫הוּ Ps 22:24 + 15 t. Psalms; Infinitive absolute הַלֵּל 1Chr 16:36 construct הַלֵּל 2Sam 14:25 + 16 t. Chronicles; Participle plural מְהַלֲלִים 1Chr 23:5 + 4 t. Chronicles; —

1. praise man or woman, accusative וַיְהַלֲלוּ אֹתָהּ אֶלפַּֿרְעֹה Gen 12:15 (J) and they praised her to Pharaoh, compare Prov 27:2; Prov 31:28; Prov 31:31; Song 6:9 וְהַמְהַלֲלִים אֶתהַֿמֶּלָךְ 2Chr 23:12 and those praising (shouting acclamations to) the king; see also לְהַלֵּל מְאֹד 2Sam 14:25 (of Absalom's beauty); in bas sense עֹזְבֵי תוֺרָה יְהַלֲלוּ רָשָׁע Prov 28:4 deserters of law praise a wicked man.

2. usually praise אֱלֹהִים, ׳י etc.;
a. followed by accusative of heathen god Judg 16:24.
b. object ׳(אֱלֹהִים) י; Ps 119:164 (עַל on account of), subject heaven, earth, seas, etc., Ps 69:35 תְּחִי נַפְשִׁי ותְהַלֲלֶךָּ Ps 119:175 in summons to all creatures to praise Ps 148:5; Ps 148:13; Isa 38:18 לֹא שְׁאוֺל תּוֺדֶךָּ מָוֶת יְהַלֲלֶ֑ךָּ (compare Ps 115:17); often of Public worship in sanctuary, Isa 62:9 (thanks giving in sanctuary after harvest), compare Isa 64:10; Ps 22:23 (|| אֲסַפְּרָה שִׁמְךָ), vPs 22:27; Ps 35:18; Ps 109:30 (both || אוֺדְךָ) Ps 107:32 (|| יְרוֺמֲמוּהוּ) Ps 84:5, see also Ps 146:2 (|| ׳אֲזַמְּרָה לֵא) Ps 149:3 (with בְּ instrumental; || יְזַמְּרוּ לוֺ); also object ׳שֵׁם י (in some cases of public worship) Ps 74:21; Ps 148:5; Joel 2:26 (thanksgiving after harvest); שֵׁםאֱֿלֹהִים בְּשִׁיר Ps 69:31 (|| וִאֲגַדְּלֶנּוּ בְתוֺדָה), Ps 145:2 (|| אֲבָֽרֲכֶ֑ךָּ); further, Ps 56:5 בֵּאלֹהִים אֲהַלֵּל דְּבָרוֺ, also vPs 56:11 + vPs 56:11b ׳ביהוה וגו, but compare Hup Che on 11:b as editorial addition; object not expressed אֶתעַֿמְּךָ ׳הַשְׁמִיעוּ הַלֲלוּ וְאִמְרוּ הוֺשַׁע י Jer 31:7, וְשִׂפְתֵי רְנָנוֺת יְהַלֶּלפִּֿי Ps 63:6.
c. use of Imperative deserves special notice: הַלֲלוּהוּ Ps 22:24 (|| כַּבְּדוּהוּ; of temple-worship compare vPs 22:23 vPs 22:25); also in summons to angles, sun, moon, etc. (all created things) to praise ׳י Ps 148:2 (twice in verse); Ps 148:3 (twice in verse); Ps 148:4; Ps 150:1 of temple-worship Ps 150:2 (בְּ on account of) vPs 150:2 (כְּ), vPs 150:3 vPs 150:3 vPs 150:4 vPs 150:4 vPs 150:5 vPs 150:5 (all with בְּ instrumental); further Jer 20:13 (|| ׳שִׁירוּ לי), ׳הַלֲלוּ אֶתיֿ Ps 117:1 (addressed to nations, || שַׁבְּחוּהוּ), Ps 148:7 (created things), חַלֲלִי אֱלֹהַיִךְ צִיּוֺן Ps 147:12 (|| שַׁבְּחִי יְרוּשָׁלַםִ ׳אֶתיֿ).
d. note especially: praise ye yah! הַלֲלויָֿהּ Ps 135:3, liturgical (|| זַמְּרוּ לִשְׁמוֺ); elsewhere always one word see Baer^{Psalm p.115}, & always at beginning or end of Psalm (chiefly late), apparently liturgical; הַלֲלוּיָהֿ֑ Ps 104:35 (|| ׳בָּֽרְכִי נַפְשִׁי אֶתיֿ), elsewhere ׃הַלֲלוּיָהּ (I) at beginning Ps 106:1; Ps 111:1 (both || הודה) Ps 112:1; Ps 113:1 (|| הַלֲלוּ & ׳אֶתשֵֿׁם י ׳ה), Ps 135:1 (|| id.), Ps 146:1 (|| ׳הַלֲלִי נַפְשִׁי אֶתיֿ), Ps 147:1 (followed by זַמְּרָה in clause with כִּי), Ps 148:1 (|| ׳הַלֲלוּ אֶתיֿ, הַלֲלוּהוּ), Ps 149:1 (|| ׳שִׁירוּ לי), Ps 150:1 (|| הַלֲלוּאֵֿל, הַלֲלוּהוּ); (2) at end Ps 104:35 (above), Ps 105:45; Ps 106:48; Ps 113:9; Ps 115:18 (|| נְבָרֵךְ יָהּ), Ps 116:19; Ps 117:2; Ps 135:21 (|| ׳בָּרוּךְ י) Ps 146:10; Ps 147:20; Ps 148:14; Ps 149:9; Ps 150:6 (|| כֹּל הַנְּשָׁמָה תְּהַלֵּל יָהּ); add to these (not liturgical) יְהַלֶּליָֿהּ Ps 102:19, כֹּל נְשָׁמָה תְּהַלֵּל יָהּ Ps 150:6, לֹא הַמֵּתִים יְהַלֲלויָֿהּ Ps 115:17.
e. also followed by ליהוה, in Chronicles, of technical Levitical function (compare Lag^{Or.ii.16 ff.}, who limits this technical הלל to priests, using חֲצֹצְרוֺת, for a signal to the people; see e.g. Neh 12:24 compare vNeh 12:27), 1Chr 16:4 (with instrumental music, compare בִּכְלֵי כְבָלִים וּבְכִנֹּרוֺת & בַּמְצִלְתַּיִ ם, all v1Chr 16:5, and Neh 12:27) 1Chr 23:30; 1Chr 25:3 (all || הוֺדוֺת); exercised (apparently) by both priests and Levites Ezra 3:11 (|| הֹדוֺת) compare vEzra 3:11 by Levites 2Chr 20:19 (בְּקֹל גָּדוֺל), 2Chr 29:30 (בְּדִבְרֵי דָוִיד) in which the people also joined 1Chr 16:36 also 2Chr 5:13 (בַּחֲצֹצְרוֺת וּבִמְצִלְתַּיִם וּבִכְלֵי הַשִּׁיר compare also v2Chr 5:12 || הֹדוֺת, v2Chr 5:13 apparently of Levites & priests), בַּכֵּלִים ׳מְהַלֲלִים לי 1Chr 23:5 (Levites) compare 2Chr 30:21 (Levites & priests ׳בִּכְלֵי עֹז לי); followed by לְשֵׁם תִּפְאַרְתֶּ֑ךָ 1Chr 29:13 (|| מוֺדִים; David speaks in name of people); followed by לְהַדְרַתקֹֿ֑דֶשׁ 2Chr 20:11 (before the army; || ׳מְשֹׁרֲרִים לי; probably of Levites, compare v2Chr 20:19). feminine followed by accusative ׳י Ezra 3:10 (priests & Levites: עַליְֿדֵי דָּוִיד), Neh 5:13 (people).
g. other forms, with like technical sense, but absolute: לְהַלֵּל לְהוֺדוֺת בְּמִצְוַת דָּוִיד Neh 12:24 (Levites) compare 1Chr 23:5; 2Chr 8:14; 2Chr 29:30 (עַדלְֿשִׂמְחָה) 2Chr 31:2 (apparently priests & Levites; ׳בְּשַׁעֲדֵי מַחֲנוֺת י; || לְשָׁרֵת וּלְהֹוֺדוֺת); see also מוֺדִיעִים לְהַלֵּל 2Chr 23:13 (|| מְשׁוֺרֲרִים בִּכְלֵי הַשִּׁיר בְּהַלֵּל דָּוִיד בְּיָדָם ). 2Chr 7:6 (|| הֹדוֺת ליהוּה)

3. apparently boast, male one's boast compare Qal 2 (followed by בְּ in, of), בֵּאלֹהִים Ps 44:9 (|| שִׁמְךָ לְעוֺלָם נוֺדֶה); so according to most, in bad sense, רָשָׁע עַלתַּֿאֲוַת נַפְשׁוֺ ׳ה Ps 10:3 a wicked man boasteth of the desire of his soul, but Che praiseth (׳י) for (i.e. in a mercenary spirit). Pu`al Perfect 3 plural הוּלָּ֑לוּ Ps 78:63 Imperfect יְהֻלַּלֿ Prov 12:8 Participle מְהֻלָּל 2Sam 22:4 + 6 t.; feminine הַהֻלָּ֑לָה Ezek 26:17 (compare Ol^{§ 250 c} Sta^{§ 220, 617 b}; ᵑ0, however, accents as Perfect, regarding הַ as = relative, see sta:§ 176 c Ges^{«GKC:52»§ 52}. 2, R. 6); — be praised,

1. human subject be praised, commended Prov 12:18 (opposed to יִהְיֶה לָבוּז); of maidens, praised, celebrated (in song) Ps 78:63 participle (see above) of city, renowned Ezek 26:17.

2. of ׳י only participle = gerundive, to be praised, worthy of praise 2Sam 22:4 = Ps 18:4 מְאֹד ׳וּמְה ׳גָּדוֺל י Ps 48:2; Ps 96:4 = 1Chr 16:25; Ps 145:3 so ׳שֵׁם י ׳מְה Ps 113:3. Hithpa. Imperfect יִתְהַלֵּל 1Kgs 20:11 + 5 t.; יִתְהַלָּ֑ל Prov 20:14 3 feminine singular תִּתְּהַלֵּל Ps 34:3, תִּתְּהַלָּ֑ל Prov 31:30 2 masculine singular תִּתְהַלֵּל Ps 52:3; Prov 27:1 תִּתְהַלָּ֑ל Isa 41:16 2 feminine singular תִּתְהַלֲלִי Jer 49:4 3 masculine plural יִתְהַלֲלוּ Ps 64:11; Isa 45:25 יִתְהַלָּ֑לוּ Isa 49:7; Jer 4:2 Imperative masculine plural הִתְהַלֲלוּ 1Chr 16:10; Ps 105:3 Infinitive לְהִתְהַלֵּל Ps 106:5 Participle מִתְהַלֵּל Prov 25:14; Jer 9:23 plural מִתְהַלֲלִים Ps 97:7 — glory, boast, make one's boast: —

1. of self-confident boasting, absolute 1Kgs 20:11 compare Prov 20:14 followed by בְּ of ground of boast Jer 9:22 (3 t. in verse); Jer 49:4; Ps 49:7; Ps 52:3; Prov 25:14, אַלתִּֿתְהַלֵּל בְּיוֺם מָחָר Prov 27:1 of glorying in idols הַמִּתְהַלֲלִים בָּאֱלִלִים Ps 97:7.

2. of glorying, making one's boast in (בְּ, on the ground of) ׳תִּתְהַלֵּל ׃י ׳בי נַפְשִׁי Ps 34:3, compare Isa 45:25; Jer 4:2 (|| וְהִתְבָּֽרְכוּ בוֺ); followed by בִּקְדוֺשׁ יִשְׂרָאֵל Isa 41:16 see also Ps 105:3 = 1Chr 16:10 followed by ) בְּשֵׁם קָדְשׁוֺ || ׳(יִשְׂמַה לֵב מְבַקְשֵׁי י, compare further Jer 9:23 less often absolute Jer 9:23; Ps 63:12; Ps 64:11; followed by עִםנַֿחֲלָתֶ֑ךָ together with thine heritage (|| לִשְׂמֹהַ בְּשִׂמְהַת גּוֶֺ י֑ךָ).

3. once, late = passive be praised, commended, of God-fearing woman Prov 31:30. Po`el Imperfect יְהוֺלֵל Isa 44:25 + 2 t.; — make into a fool, make fool of, object שֹׁפְטִים Job 12:17 (subject ׳י; || מוֺלִיךְ יוֺעֲצִים שׁוֺלָ֑ל); object קֹסְמִים Isa 44:25 (subject ׳י || מֵפֵר אֹתוֺת בַּדִּים; object הָכָם Eccl 7:7 (subject הָעשֶׁק; || וִיאַבֵּד אֶתלֵֿב מַתָּנָה). Po`al Participle לִשְׂהוֺק אָמַרְתִּי מְהוֺלָ֑ל Eccl 2:2 of laughter I said, It is mad (folly); מְהוֺלָלַי Ps 102:9 those mad against me (|| אוֺיְבָ֑י). Hithpo`el Imperfect וַיִּתְהֹלֵל 1Sam 21:14 3 masculine plural יִתְהֹלֲלוּ Jer 51:7, יִתְהוֺלֲלוּ Nah 2:5, יִתְהֹלֶ֑לוּ Jer 50:38 Imperative masculine plural הִתְהֹלֲלוּ Jer 49:9, הִתְהֹלָ֑לוּ Jer 25:16 — act madly, or like a madman, וַיִּתְהֹלֵל בְּיָדָם 1Sam 21:14 (of David) and he acted like a madman in their hands; of idolatrous worship by Chaldeans ׳וּבָאֵימִים יִתְה Jer 50:38 of nations, as drunken men, figurative of terror at Yahweh's judgements, Jer 25:16 (|| הִתְגֹּעֲשׁוּ) Jer 51:7 also of madly driving & jolting chariots Nah 2:5; Jer 46:9.

BDB430 H430

אֱלֹהִים₂₅₇₀ noun masculine plural (feminine 1Kgs 11:33 on number of occurrences of אֵל, אֱלוֺהַּ, אֱלֹהִים compare also Nes^{l. c},)

1. plural in number.
a. rulers, judges, either as divine representatives at sacred places or as reflecting divine majesty and power: האלהים Exod 21:6 (Onk ᵑ6, but τὸ κριτήριον τοῦ Θεοῦ ᵐ5) Exod 22:7; Exod 22:8 אלהים Exod 22:8; Exod 22:27 (ᵑ7 Ra AE Ew RVm; but gods, ᵐ5 Josephus Philo AV; God, Di RV; all Covt. code of E) compare 1Sam 2:25 see Dr.; Judg 5:8 (Ew, but gods ᵐ5; God ᵑ6 BarHebr.; יהוה ᵑ9 Be) Ps 82:1; Ps 82:6 (De Ew Pe; but angels Bl Hup) Ps 138:1 (ᵑ6 ᵑ7 Rab Ki De; but angels ᵐ5 Calv; God, Ew; gods, Hup Pe Che).
b. divine ones, superhuman beings including God and angels Ps 8:6 (De Che Br; but angels ᵐ5 ᵑ6 ᵑ7 Ew; God, RV and most moderns) Gen 1:27 (if with Philo ᵑ7 Jerome De Che we interpret נעשה as God's consultation with angels; compare Job 38:7).
c. angels Psalm Job 97:7 (ᵐ5 ᵑ6 Calv; but gods, Hup De Pe Che); compare בני (ה)אלהים = (the) sons of God, or sons of gods = angels Job 1:6; Job 2:1; Job 38:7; Gen 6:2; Gen 6:4 (J; so ᵐ5 Books of Enoch & Jubilees Philo Jude vJude 1:6; 2Pet 2:4 Jos^{Ant. «JOSEPHUS:Antiquities 1:3»i. 3}. 1, most ancient fathers and modern critics; against usage are sons of princes, mighty men, Onk and Rab.; sons of God, the pious, Theod Chrys Jerome Augustine Luther Calv Hengst; ᵐ5^L read οἱ υιὁὶ τοῦ Θεοῦ), compare בני אלים.
d. gods האלהים Exod 18:11; Exod 22:19 (E) 1Sam 4:8; 2Chr 2:4; Ps 86:8 אלהי האלהים the God of gods, supreme God Deut 10:17; Ps 136:2 אלהים Exod 32:1; Exod 32:23 (JE) Judg 9:13 אלהים אחרים other gods Exod 20:3; Exod 23:13; Josh 24:2; Josh 24:16 (E) Deut 31:18; Deut 31:20 (JE) Deut 5:7 + (17 t. in D, not P) Judg 2:12; Judg 2:17; Judg 2:19; Judg 10:13; 1Sam 8:8; 1Sam 26:19; 1Kgs 9:6; 1Kgs 9:9 (= 2Chr 7:19; 2Chr 7:22) 2Chr 11:4; 2Chr 11:10; 2Chr 14:9; 2Kgs 5:17; 2Kgs 17:35; 2Kgs 17:37; 2Kgs 17:38; 2Kgs 22:17 (= 2Chr 34:25) 2Chr 28:25; Jer 1:16 + (18 t. Jeremiah) Hos 3:1 אלהי (ה)נכר foreign gods Gen 35:2; Gen 35:4; Josh 24:20; Josh 24:23 (E) Deut 31:16 (JE) Judg 10:16; 1Sam 7:3; 2Chr 33:15; Jer 5:19 נחור ׳א Gen 31:53 (E); מצרים ׳א Exod 12:12 (P) Jer 43:12; Jer 43:13 האמרי ׳א Josh 24:15 (E) Judg 6:10 ארם ׳א etc. Judg 10:6 אלהים מעשה ידי Deut 4:28 הגוים ׳א gods of the nations 2Kgs 18:33; 2Kgs 19:12; Deut 29:17; 2Chr 32:17; 2Chr 32:19; Isa 36:18; Isa 37:12 העמים ׳א Deut 6:14; Deut 13:8; Judg 2:12; Ps 96:5; 1Chr 5:25; 1Chr 16:26; 2Chr 32:13; 2Chr 32:14 כסף ׳א Exod 20:23 (E); זהב ׳א Exod 20:23 (E) Exod 32:31 (JE); מַסֵּכָה ׳א Exod 34:17 (J) Lev 19:4 (H).

2. Plural intensive.
a. god or goddess, always with suffix 1Sam 5:7 (Dagon), Judg 11:24 (Chemosh), 1Kgs 18:24 (Baal), Judg 9:27; Dan 1:2 (twice in verse); or construct לעשתרת מואב ׳צדנים לכמוש א ׳א to Ashtoreth goddess of the Zidonians, Chemosh god of Moab, etc. 1Kgs 11:33 הארץ ׳א god of the land 2Kgs 17:26 (twice in verse); 2Kgs 17:27, and so the Syrians suppose that Yahweh is a mountain-god and not a god of valleys 1Kgs 20:28.
b. godlike one Exod 4:16 (J; Moses in relation to Aaron), Exod 7:1 (P; in relation to Pharaoh), 1Sam 28:13 (the shade of Samuel), Ps 45:7 (the Messianic king, O God, ᵐ5 ᵑ6 Jerome, most scholars ancient and modern, but thy throne is God's = God's throne AE Ki Thea Ew Hup, compare 1Chr 28:5).
c. works of God, or things specially belonging to him (see אֵל 5) הר אלהים Ps 68:16; Ezek 28:14; Ezek 28:16 אש אלהים Job 1:16 גן (ה)אלהים Ezek 28:13; Ezek 31:8; Ezek 31:9.
d. God (see 3 & 4).

3. הָאֱלֹהִים the (true) God, הוא האלהים ׳י Yahweh is (the) God Deut 4:35; Deut 4:39; Deut 7:9; 1Kgs 8:60; 1Kgs 18:39 (twice in verse); 2Chr 33:13 הוא האלהים Isa 45:18 האלהים ׳י Josh 22:34 (P ?) 1Kgs 18:21; 1Kgs 18:24; 2Chr 32:16 אתה הוא האלהים 2Sam 7:28; 1Kgs 18:37; 2Kgs 19:15; 1Chr 17:26; Isa 37:16; Neh 9:7 האלהים as subject or object is used in E 33 t., Chronicles 38 t., Eccl 31 t., Jonah 5 t., elsewhere Gen 5:22; Gen 5:24; Gen 6:9; Gen 6:11 (sources of P) Gen 17:18 (P) Josh 22:34 (P ?) Gen 44:16 (J) Deut 4:35; Deut 4:39; Deut 7:9; Judg 6:36; Judg 6:39; Judg 7:14; Judg 10:14; Judg 16:28; Judg 21:2; 1Sam 10:3; 1Sam 10:7; 1Sam 14:36; 2Sam 2:27; 2Sam 6:7; 2Sam 7:28; 2Sam 12:16; 1Kgs 8:60; 1Kgs 18:21; 1Kgs 18:24 (twice in verse); 1Kgs 18:37; 1Kgs 18:39 (twice in verse); 1Kgs 19:15 (Ephr) Job 2:10; Jer 11:12; Isa 37:16; Isa 45:18; Ps 108:14; Dan 1:9; Dan 1:17 הקדוש ׳הא ׳י 1Sam 6:20 הגדול ׳הא ׳י Neh 8:6 אשר ׳בירושלם הא Ezra 1:3 אדני האלהים Dan 9:3 in many phrases, as איש האלהים the man of God, acting under divine authority and influence: =
(a) angel Judg 13:6; Judg 13:8,
(b) prophet (the term coming into use in the Northern kingdom in the age of Elijah 1Sam 9:9-10, compare אִישׁ הָרוּחַ Hos 9:7): of Moses Deut 33:1; Josh 14:6 (E) 1Chr 23:14; 2Chr 30:16; Ezra 3:2; Ps 90:1 of Samuel 1Sam 9:6-10 of David 2Chr 8:14; Neh 12:24; Neh 12:36 Shemaiah 1Kgs 12:22 (= 2Chr 11:2); Elijah, Elisha, and others of their time 1Kgs 13:1-31; 1Kgs 17:18-24; 1Kgs 20:28; 2Kgs 1:9-13; 2Kgs 4:7-42; 2Kgs 5:8-20; 2Kgs 6:6-15; 2Kgs 7:2-9; 2Kgs 8:2-11; 2Kgs 13:19; 2Kgs 23:16-17 (Ephr) 2Chr 25:7; 2Chr 25:9 unnamed prophet 1Sam 2:27 Hanan Jer 35:4 a later title of prophet was עֶבֶד האלהים the servant of God, used of Moses 1Chr 6:34; 2Chr 24:9; Neh 10:30; Dan 9:11. בית האלהים the house of God, Judg 18:31, especially late, Chronicles (52 t.) Eccl 4:17; Dan 1:2 ׳בית י ׳הא 1Chr 22:1 ארון (ברית) האלהים the ark (of the covenant) of God Judg 20:27; 1Sam 4:1-5:12; 1Sam 14; 2Sam 6:1-7:29; 2Sam 15 (23 t.); 1Chr 13; 1Chr 15; 1Chr 16; 2Chr 1:4 (13 t.); מטה האלהים the rod of God Exod 4:20; Exod 17:9 (E); הר האלהים the mount of God (Horeb) Exod 3:1; Exod 4:27; Exod 18:5; Exod 24:13 (E) 1Kgs 19:8 (Ephr); מלאך האלהים the (theophanic) angel of God Gen 31:11; Exod 14:19 (E) Judg 6:20; Judg 13:6; Judg 13:9; 2Sam 14:17; 2Sam 14:20; 2Sam 19:28 in other combinations Exod 18:16; Num 23:27 (E) Judg 20:2; 1Sam 4:8; 1Sam 5:11; 1Sam 10:5; 2Sam 16:23; 1Kgs 12:22; 1Chr 21:7 + (14 t.) Ps 87:3; Eccl 9:1.

4. אֱלֹהִים = God אֱלֹהִים אֱמֶת ׳י = Yahweh is God in truth Jer 10:10.
a. אלהים (as subject object direct or indirect) is used by P (50 t. in story of creation and deluge, elsewhere 28 t.), by E (91 t.), J chiefly in poetic sources Gen 3:1; Gen 3:3; Gen 3:5 (twice in verse); Gen 9:27; Gen 39:9; Deut 32:17; Deut 32:39, by D (11 t.) Judges (21 t.) Samuel (50 t.) Kings (29 t.) Chronicles (45 t.); in Psalm 42-86 (180 t. often by editorial change for an original יהוה), elsewhere Ps 3:3; Ps 5:11; Ps 7:11; Ps 7:12; Ps 9:18; Ps 10:4; Ps 10:13; Ps 14:1; Ps 14:2; Ps 14:5; Ps 25:22; Ps 36:2; Ps 36:8; Ps 77:14; Ps 100:3; Ps 108:2; Ps 108:6; Ps 108:8; Ps 108:12 (twice in verse); Ps 149:9; Job 5:8; Job 20:29; Job 28:23; Job 32:2; Job 34:9 (& in Prologue 6 t.) Prov 2:5; Prov 3:4; Prov 25:2 Ecclesiastes (7 t.) Hosea (5 t.); Amos 4:11 (כמהפכת אלתים את סדם as God overthrew Sodom = Jer 50:40 = Isa 13:19) Zech 8:23; Zech 12:8; Mic 3:7 (but אליהם ᵐ5 ᵑ6) Isa 35:4 Isa² (9 t.); Jer 10:10 Ezekiel (13 t.); Malachi (5 t.); Jonah (4 t.); the phrase לאלהים ׳היה ל Gen 28:21 (E^R) Gen 17:7; Gen 17:8; Exod 6:7; Exod 29:45; Lev 11:45; Lev 22:33; Lev 25:38; Lev 26:12; Lev 26:45; Num 15:41 (P); Deut 26:17; Deut 29:13; 2Sam 7:24 (= 1Chr 17:22); Zech 8:8 Jeremiah (6 t.); Ezekiel (6 t.); אלהים צדיק righteous God Ps 7:10 קדשים ׳א holy God Josh 24:19 (E); חיים ׳א living God Deut 5:23; 1Sam 17:26; 1Sam 17:36; Jer 10:10; Jer 23:36 חי ׳א 2Kgs 19:4; 2Kgs 19:16 (= Isa 37:4; Isa 37:17). For the phrases ׳יהוה א, צבאות ׳א ׳י, צבאות ׳א, ׳י ׳אל א, ׳יה א, ׳צבאות א ׳י, אלתי ׳י, צבאות, ׳אדני א see יהוה, יה, צבאות & אדני.
b. construct אֱלֹהֵי
(a) with persons אֱלֹהֵי אַבְרָהָם = God of Abraham, a phrase of J, Gen 26:24; Gen 28:13; Gen 31:53, elsewhere Ps 47:10; 1Kgs 18:36; 1Chr 29:18; 2Chr 30:6 אדני אברהם ׳א Gen 24:12; Gen 24:27; Gen 24:42; Gen 24:48 (J); אלהי אב father's God (various suffix & names), a phrase of E, Gen 31:5; Gen 31:29; Gen 31:42; Gen 46:3; Gen 50:17; Exod 3:6; Exod 3:13; Exod 3:15; Exod 3:16; Exod 15:2; Exod 18:4; Josh 18:3, elsewhere Gen 32:10; Gen 43:23 (J) Exod 4:5 (J ?) Deuteronomy (8 t.); Judg 2:12; 2Kgs 21:22 Chronicles (31 t.); Dan 11:37 אֱלֹהֵי יִשְׂרָאֵל Israel's God, phrase of E, Gen 33:20; Exod 5:1; Exod 24:10; Exod 32:27; Josh 8:30; Josh 14:14; Josh 22:16; Josh 24:2; Josh 24:23, elsewhere Exod 34:23; Josh 7:13; Josh 7:19; Josh 7:20 (JE) Num 16:9; Josh 9:18; Josh 9:19; Josh 22:24; Josh 10:40; Josh 10:42; Josh 13:14; Josh 13:33 (R see Di Josh 7:13) Judg 4:6; Judg 5:3; Judg 5:5; Judg 6:8; Judg 11:21; Judg 11:23; Judg 21:3; 1Sam 1:17 + (20 t.) Kings (26 t.) Chronicles (45 t.); Ps 41:14; Ps 106:48 (doxology) Ps 59:6; Ps 69:7; Isa 17:6; Isa 21:10; Isa 21:17; Isa 29:23 Isa³, Isa 24:15; Isa 37:16; Isa 37:21 Isa², Isa 41:17 + (6 t.); Jer 35:17 + (48 t.); Ezek 8:4 + (7 t.); Zeph 2:9; Mal 2:16; Ruth 2:12 מערכות ישראל ׳א God of the battle array of Israel 1Sam 17:45 ׳א יַעֲקֹב 2Sam 23:1 (poetry) Ps 20:2; Ps 46:8; Ps 46:12; Ps 75:10; Ps 76:7; Ps 81:2; Ps 81:5; Ps 84:9; Ps 94:7; Isa 2:3 (= Mic 4:2); העבריים ׳א God of the Hebrews Exod 3:18; Exod 5:3; Exod 7:16; Exod 9:1; Exod 9:13 (JE); it is used with other proper names, Nahor Gen 31:53 (E), Shem Gen 9:26 (J), David 2Kgs 20:5; 2Chr 21:12; 2Chr 34:3; Isa 38:5, Hezekiah 2Chr 32:17, Elijah 2Kgs 2:14 ארני המלך ׳א the God of my lord the king 1Kgs 1:36. (β) with nouns of attributes or relationships, קֶרֶם ׳א ancient God Deut 33:27 עולם ׳א everlasting God Isa 40:28 אֱמֶת ׳א true God 2Chr 15:3 אָמֵן ׳א Isa 65:16 (see אָמֵן); משפט ׳א Isa 30:18; Mal 2:17 מרום ׳א Mic 6:6 כָל בָשָׂר ׳א God of all flesh Jer 32:27 compare ׳א הרוחות לכל בשר Num 16:22; Num 27:16 (P); השמים ׳א God of heaven Gen 24:7 (J^R) 2Chr 36:23; Ezra 1:2; Neh 1:4; Neh 1:5; Neh 2:4; Neh 2:20 compare כל הארץ ׳א Isa 54:5 ׳השמים וא ׳א ׳י הארץ Gen 24:3 (J^R); מִקָּרֹב ׳א a God at hand opposed to מֵרָחֹק ׳א Jer 23:23, ישועתי ׳א, יִשְׁעִי ׳א God of my salvation Ps 18:47 (= 2Sam 22:47) Ps 24:5; Ps 25:5; Ps 27:9; Ps 65:6; Ps 79:9; Ps 85:5; Isa 17:10; Mic 7:7; Hab 3:18; 1Chr 16:35 ישועתי ׳א Ps 88:2 תשועתי ׳א Ps 51:16 צִדְקִי ׳א God of righteousness Ps 4:2 חַסְדִּי ׳א Ps 59:11; Ps 59:18 צוּרִי ׳א God who is my rock 2Sam 22:3 (compare Ps 18:3); מָעוּזִּי֯ ׳א God who is my stronghold Ps 43:2 תְהִלָּתִי ׳א God who is my praise Ps 109:1.
c. with suffix in P (22 t. including phrase ויראת מאלהיך) Lev 19:14; Lev 19:32; Lev 25:17; Lev 25:36; Lev 25:43 (H) Exod 8:21; Josh 24:27 (E) Deut 32:37 (poetry) Josh 9:23 (JE) Deut 10:21; Deut 31:17; Judg 10:10; Judg 16:23; Judg 16:24; 1Sam 10:19; 2Sam 10:12; 2Sam 22:32 + (4 t. poetry) 1Kgs 12:28; 1Kgs 20:23; 2Kgs 19:10 Chronicles (83 t.); Psalms (62 t.); Prov 2:17; Prov 30:9; Ruth 1:15; Ruth 1:16 (twice in verse); Isa 1:10; Isa 7:13; Isa 8:19; Isa 8:21 Isa² (29 t.); Jer 5:4; Jer 5:5; Jer 23:36; Jer 51:5; Ezek 34:31 Daniel (5 t.); Hosea (12 t.); Amos 2:8; Amos 4:12; Joel 1:13 (twice in verse); Joel 1:16; Joel 2:17; Mic 6:8; Mic 7:7; Jonah 1:5; Jonah 1:6; Zeph 3:2; Nah 1:14; Zech 9:7; Zech 12:5 אלהים with suffix is also used with יהוה several hundred times (see יהוה).

god, gods, judges, great, goddess, …

ʾĕlōhîm

gods in the ordinary sense; but specifically used (in the plural thus, especially with the article) of the supreme God; occasionally applied by way of deference to magistrates; and sometimes as a superlative

(plural)

rulers, judges

god, goddess

עֹלִ֥ים

Root word up, offered, offer, brought, come, …

Dictionary form: עָלָה · aw-LAW

Verb — Qal, Participle Active, masculine plural, absolute state simple action — "he did" ongoing action — try "___ing" or "one who ___s"

In the KJV here: ascending

went up ×80 came up ×45 go up ×41 and went up ×25 come up ×19 and offered ×17 shall come up ×15 brought up ×13

More options

go up — Modernized KJV form; most versatile and natural rendering.

ascend — More formal or elevated register; suits poetic or liturgical contexts.

climb — Implies physical effort; good for mountains or steep terrain.

rise — Best for sun, smoke, or abstract upward movement.

offer — Use specifically when the context is sacrificial or ritual.

bring up — Preferred when someone or something is being carried upward.

BDB6068 H5927

עָלָה₈₉₀ verb go up, ascend, climb (Late Hebrew id.; MI^33(?); Phoenician עלה; Assyrian elû; Arabic ; ᵑ7 and Syriac in derived species; compare perhaps Ethiopic (for Di⁵⁴); Sabean עלי = DHM^{ZMG xxxvii. 415}, compare עלוהו = SabDenkm⁹¹); —

Qal Perfect 3 masculine singular ׳ע Gen 19:15 +; 3 feminine singular עָֽלְתָה Gen 40:10 +; עָלָ֑תָה Jer 14:2; 1Sam 1:22 2 masculine singular עָלִיתָ Gen 49:4 +, etc.; Imperfect 3 masculine singular יַעֲלֶה Gen 2:6 +, יַ֫עַל Gen 44:33 +, וַיַּעַל Gen 13:1 +; suffix יַעֲלֶנָּה Isa 35:9, etc.; Infinitive absolute עָלֹה Gen 46:4 + 2 t.; construct עֲלוֺת Gen 32:25 +, etc.; Imperative עֲלֵה Gen 35:1 +; feminine singular עֲלִי Num 21:17 +, plural עֲלוּ Gen 44:17 +; Participle עֹלֶה Gen 38:13 +; עוֺלֶה Isa 24:18 +, plural עֹלִים Gen 28:12 +, etc.; —

1. of persons, go up, ascend, in local relations:
a. from low place to high, with מִן, מִמִּצְרַיִם Gen 45:25 (E) + 6 t.; מארץ מצרים Exod 13:18 (E) + 3 t.; מִבָּבֶל Ezra 7:6; Ezra 8:1 מִן הירדן Josh 4:16; Josh 4:17; Josh 4:19 (P); מ(ןהֿ)מדבר Song 3:6; Song 8:5 etc.
b. out of a place, with מִן, מִן הארץ 1Sam 28:13 מֵהַבְּאֵר 2Sam 17:21 מִ(תּוֺךְ) הַפַּחַת Isa 24:18; Jer 48:44.
c. with accusative of place whither: a city ביתאל Gen 35:1; Gen 35:3 (E); באר שׁבע Gen 26:23 (J); a mountain ההר Num 13:17 (JE) Deut 1:24 +, etc.; a bed Gen 49:4 (twice in verse) (J) 2Kgs 1:4; 2Kgs 1:16, gate Ruth 4:1 (הַ)שָּׁמַיִם Deut 30:12; 2Kgs 2:11; Amos 9:2 + 4 t.; with אֶלֿ, אל (ה)הר Exod 19:23; Exod 34:2; Exod 34:4 (J) Exod 24:15; Exod 24:18 (P) + 5 t. P; אֶלהַֿמָּקוֺם Deut 17:8, אל ירושׁלם Ezra 7:7; Isa 2:3 = Mic 4:2 (אל הר), with accusative of location + ׳אֶליֿ (see 2 b) Jer 31:6, of going up to Jerusalem (from a distance), etc.; with לְ to, לירושׁלם Ezra 1:3 (from Babylon); לבית 1Sam 25:35, etc.; with עַד unto, עדנֿחל Num 32:9 (J); with בְּ, בְּאַחַת עָרֵי 2Sam 2:1 (construction praegn.); בְּבעל פרצים 1Chr 14:11 (strike out בְּ); בְּגִרָלִי Judg 1:3.
d. to sacred places, Exod 34:24, with accusative בית יהוה, from palace 2Kgs 19:14; 2Kgs 20:5; 2Kgs 20:8; 2Kgs 23:2; 2Chr 29:20; 2Chr 34:30; Isa 37:14; Isa 38:22; Jer 26:10 במה 1Sam 9:13; 1Sam 9:14; 1Sam 9:19 with אֶל, אל הר האלהים Exod 24:13 (E); ׳בּבית י 1Sam 1:7 (בּ dittograph); בהר יהוה Ps 24:3.
e. with accusative דֶּרֶךְ by the way to Num 21:33 (E) Deut 3:1; Judg 8:11; 1Sam 6:9; 2Kgs 3:8 מעלה Jer 48:5 חוֺמָה Joel 2:7. feminine ascend, climb, with בְּ by, a ladder Gen 28:12 (E), Ezek 40:6; Ezek 40:22; Ezek 40:29, etc.; with עַל upon, altar by (ב) steps, of priest, Exod 20:23 (Gi; van d. H. vExod 20:26 E) the roof Josh 2:8; Judg 9:51, bed Ps 132:3 עַליָֿדָיו on his hands 1Sam 14:13 על במתי עב Isa 14:14 (|| ממעל לכוכבי אֵל), etc.

2. go up, in personal relations:
a. to meet or visit, with אֶל person, Gen 44:17; Gen 44:24; Gen 44:34; Gen 45:9 (J) Josh 10:4; Josh 10:6 (all with implication of ascent), Deut 25:7 (to gate of city), +; with על person, Gen 38:12 (= ה locative, up to Timnah); לקראת Gen 46:29 (J) Judg 6:35; 2Kgs 1:3; 2Kgs 1:6; 2Kgs 1:7.
b. go up unto (אֶל) God, on a height, אל האלהים Exod 19:3 (E) 1Sam 10:3 אל יהוה Exod 24:1 (E) Exod 19:24; Exod 32:30 (J) Judg 21:5 (twice in verse); Judg 21:8 (to war); אֵלַי Exod 24:12 (E) Deut 10:1 unto Deborah Judg 4:5.
c. go up, in war, with אֶל against Num 13:31 (E) Judg 1:1; Judg 12:3; 1Sam 7:7; Isa 36:10 (= על 2Kgs 18:25) +; oftener with על, 1Sam 14:10; Judg 6:3; Judg 15:10; Judg 18:9; 1Kgs 14:25 +; with על + לַצָּבָא Josh 22:12; Josh 22:33 (P); with בְּ, Isa 7:6; Jer 48:18 with לְ Hab 3:16 + למלחמה Judg 20:18 + 3 t.; + במלחמה 1Sam 29:9 וַתּעל(ה) המלחמה 1Kgs 22:35 = 2Chr 18:34.
d. go up after, with אחרי = follow 1Sam 25:13; 1Kgs 1:35; 1Kgs 1:40.
e. go up, depart, with מֵעַל (q. v.) 1Sam 6:20; Gen 17:22; Gen 35:18 (P) +, subject ׳כבוד י Ezek 11:23; Ezek 11:24 = withdraw, retreat, 1Kgs 15:19; 2Kgs 12:19; Jer 21:2, absolute 2Sam 23:9, and so read || 1Chr 11:13 (see Dr^Sm).

3. of animals, go or come up: absolute frogs Exod 7:28 (J) Exod 8:2 (P), quails Exod 16:13 (P); lion Isa 35:9 fox Neh 3:25 rise up, fly up, eagle Isa 40:31; Jer 49:22 with מִן, cattle out of water Gen 41:2; Gen 41:3; Gen 41:18; Gen 41:19; Song 4:2; Song 6:6, lion מִגְּאוֺן הַיַּרְדֵּן Jer 49:19 = Jer 50:44, מִסֻּבְּכוֺ Jer 4:7, from prey Gen 49:9 (J); climb up into (ב) houses, locusts Joel 2:9 frogs, on (ב) persons Exod 7:29 (J); with על, of cattle, sexually Gen 31:10; Gen 31:12 (E); locusts upon the land Exod 10:12; Exod 10:14 (E) Joel 1:6.

4. of vegetation, spring up, grow, shoot forth: trees Isa 55:13 (twice in verse); Ezek 47:12 קיקיון Jonah 4:6 grass Deut 29:22; Amos 7:1 ears of grain Gen 41:5; Gen 41:22 (E), also Gen 40:10 (E) Isa 5:6; Isa 32:13 compare simile Isa 53:2, Hos 10:8; Prov 26:9 כֻלּוֺ ׳ע קמשׂנים Prov 24:31 all of it grown up with thorns, Isa 34:13 figurative קֶרֶן Dan 8:3; Dan 8:8.

5. of natural phoenomena, go up, rise: dew, Exod 16:14, i.e. disappear (P); ׳אֵד ע מִןהָֿאָרֶץ Gen 2:6 (J), cloud 1Kgs 18:44; Jer 4:13 הַשַּׁחַר ׳ע dawn, etc. Gen 19:15 (JE) Judg 19:25; 1Sam 9:26 +; smoke Gen 19:28; Exod 19:18 (J) Judg 20:40 +; fire Judg 6:21 flame Judg 13:20 stench Isa 34:3; Joel 2:20 incense Ezek 8:11 well Num 21:17 (E); waters Jer 47:2 Nile Jer 46:7; Jer 46:8; Amos 8:8; Amos 9:5 with על, of overflow Isa 8:7 +.

6. of inanimate things (instead of passive construction), absolute, shock of grain (to גֹּרֶן) Job 5:26 of בָּשָׂר (covering bones in Ezekiel's vision) Ezek 37:8 with על, of garments upon the body Lev 19:19 (P) Ezek 44:17 razor on head Judg 13:5; Judg 16:17; 1Sam 1:11 yoke upon oxen Num 19:2 (P) 1Sam 6:7 lot upon an animal Lev 16:9; Lev 16:10 (P); with בְּ, weight in balance Ps 62:10 entry in (ב) a book 1Chr 27:24 = be offered (of sacrifice) 1Kgs 18:29; 2Kgs 3:20; Isa 60:7 אֲרוּכָה (q. v.) in healing, Jer 8:22, figurative 2Chr 24:13; Neh 4:1.

7. of thoughts, על לב ׳ע 2Kgs 12:5; Isa 65:17 + 5 t.; על לבב ׳ע Jer 51:50; Ezek 38:10 אל לב ׳ע Ezek 14:7 על רוּחַ ׳ע Ezek 20:32 of anger 2Sam 11:20; 2Chr 36:16 (ב person) + 3 t.; temper Eccl 10:4 (עָלֶיךָ).

8. come up before God, arrogance, בְּאָזְנָיו 2Kgs 19:18 = Isa 37:29 cry, ׳אֶלאֿ Exod 2:23 (P), with accusative 1Sam 5:12, absolute Jer 14:2 tumult Ps 74:23 of evil Jonah 1:2 (לְפָנַי).

9. go up, extend, of boundary, with מִן whence, + accusative, אֶל, לְ and even בְ whither Josh 15:3; Josh 15:6; Josh 15:8; Josh 18:12 (twice in verse) + (all P). 10. excel: thou excellest (עַל) them Prov 31:29 be superior to יעלה עליך מעלה מעלה Deut 28:43. — עוֺלֶה Job 36:33 is difficult, compare Comm., and see עַוְלָה). Niph`al Perfect 3 masculine singular נַעֲלָה Num 10:11 +; 2 masculine singular נַעֲלֵיתָ Ps 97:9 Imperfect יֵעָלֶה Exod 40:37, etc.; Infinitive construct הֵעָלוֺת Num 9:17 +, etc.; Imperative masculine plural הֵעָלוּ Num 16:24 —

1. a. be brought up: מבבל לירושׁלם Ezra 1:11.
b. be taken up, וַתֵּעֲלוּ על שׂפת לשׁון Ezek 36:3 (Kö^{i. 553}; talked about).
c. (1) passive, be taken up, away, of (pillar of) cloud, followed by מֵעַל of tabernacle Exod 40:36; Num 9:17; Num 10:11 (P); absolute Exod 40:37 (twice in verse); Num 9:21 (twice in verse); Num 9:22 (P); of the glory from upon the cherubim Ezek 9:3 (2) reflexive, take oneself away from, get up from: מִסָּבִיבֹ Num 16:24 מֵעַל vNum 16:27 of a besieging army Jer 37:5; Jer 37:11.

2. reflexive: take oneself away מאחרי person, from following after, 2Sam 2:27.

3. be exalted, of God Ps 47:10 with על, over all gods Ps 97:9.

Hiph`il Perfect הֶעֱלָךְ Num 8:3 +, הֵעֲלָה Hab 1:15 (Ges^{«GKC:63p»§ 63p}); suffix הֶעֶלְךָ Neh 9:18, הֶעֱלָנוּ Exod 32:1 + 2 t.; 3 feminine singular וְהַעַלְתָה 1Sam 2:19 consecutive; suffix הֶעֱלָ֫תַם Josh 2:6 2 masculine singular הֶעֱלִיתָ Exod 33:1 +; וְהַעֲלִיתָ consecutive Deut 27:6 +; הֶעֱלֵיתָ Exod 32:7 וְהַעֲלֵיתָ consecutive Exod 40:4 2 masculine plural suffix הֶעֱלִיתֻנוּ Num 20:5; Num 21:5, etc.; Imperfect יַעֲלֶה Lev 17:8 +; וְיַ֫עַל 2Sam 24:22 וַיַּעֲלֶה Jer 10:13 וַיַּ֫עַל Gen 8:20 +, suffix יַעְלֵם Deut 28:61, etc.; Infinitive absolute הַעֲלֵה Ezek 23:46 construct הַעֲלוֺת 1Chr 23:31 +, etc.; Imperative הַ֫עַל Exod 33:12 + 2 t.; feminine singular הַעֲלִי 1Sam 28:8; 1Sam 28:11 +, etc.; Participle מַעֲלֶה 1Sam 7:10 +; construct מַעֲלֵה Lev 11:4 +; suffix מַעַלְךָ Deut 20:1; Ps 81:11 feminine מַעֲלָה Lev 11:26 construct מַעֲלַת Lev 11:3; Lev 11:6; Deut 14:6, etc.; —

1. bring up persons:
a. from a place, with מִן ׃מִן הַסָּ֑לַע Judg 15:13 מִמִּצְרַיִם Exod 17:3 (E) + 3 t. E, + 8 t.; מארץ מצרים Exod 32:1 (J) + 5 t. J, + Lev 11:45 (P), Deut 20:1; Josh 24:17 (E), + 13 t.; מארץ צפון Jer 16:15 = Jer 23:8.
b. (1) out of a place, with ׃מן מִ(ן הַ)בּוֺר Gen 37:28 (E) Ps 40:3; Jer 38:10; Jer 38:13 משּׁחת Jonah 2:7 מקּברות Ezek 37:12; Ezek 37:13 מןשֿׁאול Ps 30:4, etc.; (2) with בְּ by means of, בְּחֶרְמִי Ezek 32:3 (Hab 1:15 see 3 below).
c. with accusative of place whither, Num 20:25 (P) Num 22:41 (E) Josh 2:6; Josh 7:24 (J) Ezra 4:2 השׁמים 2Kgs 2:1 with אֶלהָֿעֲלִיָּה ׃אֶל 1Kgs 17:19 with לבית ׃לְ 2Chr 8:11.
d. cause to ascend, climb: על המרכבה 1Kgs 20:33 (אֶל 2Kgs 10:15 probably error), עלהֿמגדלות 2Chr 32:5 (ᵑ9 built towers thereon, i.e. עָלָיו ׳ע); מֵעַל להומה Neh 12:31 see על IV 2 e.

2. in personal relations:
a. bring up, with אל, 1Sam 19:15; 2Kgs 10:15; 2Kgs 25:6; Jer 39:5; Jer 52:9 with לְ 1Sam 28:8; 1Sam 28:11 (twice in verse).
b. in war, with עַל against 2Chr 36:17; Jer 50:9; Ezek 16:40; Ezek 23:46; Ezek 26:3.
c. take away (from life) Ps 102:25; Job 36:20.

3. bring up animals, with על, frogs על הארץ Exod 8:1; Exod 8:3 (P); bring up horses to a charge Jer 51:27, compare Nah 3:3 draw up men, under figure of fish (בְּחַכָּה) Hab 1:15 train, young lion Ezek 19:3 of cattle, מעלה גֵרָה, i.e. chewing the cud Lev 11:3; Lev 11:4 (twice in verse); Lev 11:5; Lev 11:6; Lev 11:26; Deut 14:6; Deut 14:7 (twice in verse).

4. cause to ascend: with accusative of thing, smoke מן העיר Judg 20:38 stench באף Amos 4:10, etc.; bring waters upon, על Isa 8:7 bring up from (מן location) 2Sam 6:2; 2Sam 6:12; 1Kgs 8:1; Gen 50:25 (JE), +; with אֶל location, Judg 16:3; 1Chr 15:3; 1Chr 15:12, with accusative of location 2Chr 2:15 with אל person 1Sam 6:21 with לְ person Judg 16:8; 1Sam 2:19 with על, bring sickness upon Deut 28:61 עפר על ראשׁ ׳הע throw dust on the head Josh 7:6; Lam 2:10; Ezek 27:30 clothe sackcloth upon Amos 8:10 flesh upon Ezek 37:6 put ornaments on 2Sam 1:24 compare also 1Kgs 10:16; 1Kgs 10:17 = 2Chr 9:15; 2Chr 9:16; 2Chr 3:5; 2Chr 3:14 נֵר ׳הע light lamp (make flame go up; Thes and others of raising lamp upon the lamp-stand) Exod 25:37; Exod 27:20 + 6 t. P; bring up new flesh (heal; see אֲרוּכָה) Jer 30:17; Jer 33:6.

5. mentally: גִּלּוּלִים על לב ׳הע Ezek 14:3, אל לב vEzek 14:7, i.e. make object of thought; rouse, stir up, with accusative אַף, anger Prov 15:1, compare Ezek 24:8.

6. ׳מנחה ל ׳הע 2Kgs 17:4 offer a present; bring up tithe to (ל) Neh 10:39 מַס ׳הע raise a levy 1Kgs 5:27; 1Kgs 9:15, למס v1Kgs 9:21; 2Chr 8:8.

7. exalt: Ps 137:6 if I exalt not Jerusalem above (עַל) my chief joy; אנכי אַעַלְךָ גםֿ(מ)עלה Gen 46:4 (E) I will exalt thee exceedingly (compare Qal 10; מ lost in ᵑ0, after ם; Di and most bring up).

8. cause to ascend (in flame; Thes and others to go up on altar), offer sacrifice, usually עֹלָה, either alone or following by other sacrifices: העלה עלות Exod 24:5 (E) Exod 32:6 (J) Lev 17:8 (H) Deut 12:13; Deut 12:14 + (see עֹלָה); seldom: קטרת Exod 30:9 (P), compare Ps 66:15 מנחה Isa 57:6; Isa 66:3, also probably 1Kgs 18:29; 1Kgs 18:36; 2Kgs 3:20 ( > Qal); פר(יםׅ Num 23:2; Num 23:4; Num 23:14; Num 23:30 (E) Ps 51:21 הטוב בעיניו 2Sam 24:22 ליהוה ׳הע Judg 13:16 absolute 2Chr 8:13; 2Chr 29:29 לעולה ׳הע Gen 22:2; Gen 22:13 (E); with accusative of location מַעֲלֶה בָמָה Jer 48:35 מזבח(לׅ Lev 14:20 (P) Isa 60:7 ( > Qal); with לְ local 2Chr 29:27 with בְּ local Gen 8:20 (J) Num 23:2; Num 23:4; Num 23:14; Num 23:30 (E); עלהַֿחֹמָה 2Kgs 3:27 usually על location, על הַצּוּר Judg 13:19, על מזבח ׳הע 1Kgs 12:32; 1Kgs 12:33 (twice in verse); 2Kgs 16:12; 2Chr 1:6; 2Chr 29:21; 1Sam 2:28, פרים על מזבח Ps 51:21 elsewhere עלות על מזבח ׳חע Exod 40:29 (P) Josh 22:23; 1Kgs 3:4; 1Kgs 9:25; 2Chr 1:6; 2Chr 35:16; Ezra 3:2; Ezek 43:18, ׳עלות ליהוה על מז ׳הע Deut 27:6; Josh 8:31; 1Chr 16:40; 2Chr 8:12; Ezra 3:3. Hoph`al Perfect;.; —

1. be carried away, 3 feminine singular הֹעֲלָ֑תָךְ Nah 2:8.

2. be taken up into, inserted in, 3 masculine singular הֹעֲלָה 2Chr 20:34 (על ספר) (passive of Qal 6).

3. 3 masculine singular be offered, of פר Judg 6:28 (על המזבח). Hithpa`el lift oneself: Imperfect 3 masculine singular אֶליִֿתְעַל Jer 51:3 against (him that) lifts himself, but corrupt; either read אַלֿ, let him not, etc. (ᵑ6 ᵑ7 ᵑ9 Hi Gf Gie Rothst), or strike out אל (ᵐ5 Co^Hpt.).

BDB9763 H5927

עלה (√of following; see Biblical Hebrew עָלָה).

up, offered, offer, brought, come, …

ʿālâ

to ascend, intransitively (be high) or actively (mount); used in a great variety of senses, primary and secondary, literal and figurative

to go up, ascend, climb

(Qal)

to go up, ascend

to be taken up, be brought up, be taken away

to bring up, cause to ascend or climb, cause to go up

to be carried away, be led up

וְ יֹֽרְדִ֖ים

וְ

Prefix — connector and (sometimes: but, so, then)

יֹֽרְדִ֖ים

Root word down, descended, descend, went, come, …

Dictionary form: יָרַד · yaw-RAHD

Verb — Qal, Participle Active, masculine plural, absolute state simple action — "he did" ongoing action — try "___ing" or "one who ___s"

In the KJV here: and descending

came down ×23 went down ×23 come down ×17 go down ×17 them that go down ×10 and went down ×9 shall come down ×9 to go down ×6

More options

go down — Most neutral, general-purpose rendering for movement downward.

descend — Slightly formal; good for elevated or ceremonial contexts.

come down — Preferred when motion is toward the speaker or reader.

drop down — Useful for rapid or sudden downward movement.

sink — Best when subject gradually lowers, e.g. into water or despair.

go down to — Idiomatic for traveling to a lower-elevation destination, e.g. Egypt.

BDB3717 H3381

יָרַד₃₈₀ verb come or go down, descend (Late Hebrew id.; MI³² וארד and רד; Assyrian arâdu, Dl^{HWB 240}; Arabic come to, arrive at, also descend; Ethiopic descend; Sabean ורד and הורד id., DHM in MV) —

Qal₃₀₆ Perfect יָרַד Exod 19:18 +; יְרַד Judg 5:13 (twice in verse) (but read יָרַד or יֵרֵד); רַד Judg 19:11 (read יָרַד), etc.; Imperfect יֵרֵד Gen 42:38 +; וַיֵּ֫רֶד Gen 11:5 +; וַיֵּרַ֑ד 2Sam 22:10 + 2 t.; 3 feminine singular תֵּ֫רֶד (אֵשׁׅ 2Kgs 1:10; 2Kgs 1:12 תּרַד Jer 13:17; Lam 3:48 תֵּדֵֿ֔ Isa 34:5; Isa 63:14 תֵּרֵ֑ד Ezek 26:11 (יוֺרִיד Vrss Co); וַתֵּ֫רֶד Gen 24:16 + 7 t.; 2 masculine singular תֵּרֵד Gen 26:2 + 5 t. + 1Sam 20:19, where read תִּפָּקֵד We Dr., compare ᵐ5 ᵑ6 ᵑ7; 1 singular אֵרֵד Gen 37:35 + 3 t.; וָאֵרֵד Exod 3:8 + 3 t.; cohortative אֵרְדָהנָֿא Gen 18:21 יֵרְדוּ 1Sam 13:12 + 4 t.; וַיֵּרְדוּ Gen 42:3 + 19 t.; 3 feminine plural תֵּרַדְנָה Jer 14:17 + 2 t.; 1 plural נֵרֵד Gen 43:5 cohortative נֵרְדָה Gen 11:7 + 2 t.; וַנֵּ֫רֶד 2Kgs 10:13 Imperative רֵד Exod 19:21 +; רְדָה Gen 45:9; Ezek 32:19 רֵ֑דָה 2Kgs 1:9; 2Kgs 1:11 feminine singular רְדִי Jer 48:18; Isa 47:1 masculine plural רְדוּ Gen 42:2 + 5 t.; Infinitive absolute יָרֹד Gen 43:20 construct רֶ֫דֶת Gen 44:26 +; (מֵ)רְדָה Gen 46:3 (see Kö^{i. 402}); suffix רִדְתִּי Ps 30:10, etc. (in Ps 30:4 read Kt מִיּוֺרְדֵי, so ᵐ5 ᵑ6 Che Bae, see Ol^{§§ 160 b, 245d}); Participle יוֺרֵד Judg 9:36 +; feminine singular יֹרְדָה Lam 1:16 (הַ)יֹּרֶ֫דֶת Eccl 3:21; 1Sam 25:30, etc.; —

1. a. come or go down: from (מִן) a mountain Exod 19:14; Exod 32:1; Exod 32:15 (all E), Exod 34:29 (twice in verse) (JE), Deut 9:15; Deut 10:5; Num 20:28 (P) +; absolute Exod 19:21; Exod 19:24 (J), vExod 19:25 (J; with אֶל person); from the air, of birds, followed by עַל Gen 15:11 (JE).
b. go down (usually from mountain or hill-country into plain), to battle, absolute Judg 5:14 followed by לָעֵמֶק Judg 1:34 followed by לַשְּׁעָרִים Judg 5:11 followed by אֶל vJudg 5:10 vJudg 5:11, compare 1Sam 17:8 (followed by אֶל person); followed by לִקְרַאת Judg 7:24 followed by אַחֲרֵי person 1Sam 14:36 followed by ב location Judg 7:9 בַּמִּלְחָמָה יֵרֵד וְנִסְפָּה 1Sam 26:10, compare 1Sam 29:4; 1Sam 30:24 of single combat, וַיַּרֶד אֵלָיו בַּשָּׁ֑בֶט 2Sam 23:21 = 1Chr 11:23.
c. go down to (accusative) threshing-floor, Ruth 3:3; Ruth 3:5 (from David's palace) to Uriah's house (אֶל) 2Sam 11:9; 2Sam 11:10 (twice in verse); 2Sam 11:13 from temple to (accusative) king's house Jer 36:12 (+ עַללִֿשְׁכַּת הַסֹּפֵר); רֵד בֵּיתמֶֿלֶךְ יְהוּדָח Jer 22:1, etc.
d. go down (absolute) from Palestine to Egypt Gen 42:3 (E), vGen 42:38 (J) + 6 t. J E; followed by אֵלַי Gen 45:9 (E); followed by מִעְרַ֫יְמָה Gen 46:3; Gen 46:4 (E), Gen 12:10; Gen 26:2 (both J), Num 20:15 (JE); followed by מִצְרֵיִם Josh 24:4 (E), Gen 43:15 (J), Isa 30:2; Isa 31:1; Isa 52:4 followed by שָׁמָּה Gen 42:2 (E) ; so to Philistine cities Judg 14:19; Judg 16:31; 1Sam 13:20; Amos 6:2.
e. from Jerusalem, absolute Judg 1:9; 1Kgs 1:25; Neh 6:3; 2Chr 20:16 (to battle); to Jezreel 2Kgs 8:21 = 2Kgs 9:26 = 2Chr 22:6 to Samaria 1Kgs 22:2 = 2Chr 18:2 (to Gihon) 1Sam 1:38, etc. feminine from altar ירד מֵעֲשׂוֺת הַחַטָּאת Lev 9:22 (P); from chariot, with מֵעַל Judg 4:15 from ass, with מֵעַל 1Sam 25:23 from throne, with מֵעַל Ezek 26:16, absolute Isa 47:1, compare רְדִי מִכָּבוֺד Jer 48:18 from ships, with מִן Ezek 27:29 from bed, with מִן 2Kgs 1:4; 2Kgs 1:6; 2Kgs 1:16 (all opposed to עלה).
g. go down הָעַ֫יְנָה Gen 24:16; Gen 24:45 (J); followed by לִרְחֹץ עַל הַיְאֹר Exod 2:5 (E), compare (absolute) 2Kgs 5:14 followed by accusative הַסֶּלַע 1Sam 23:25 יוֺרְדֵי הַיָּם Isa 42:10 יוֺרְדֵי הַיָּם בָּאֳנִיּוֺת Ps 107:23 absolute (into pit or well) 2Sam 23:30 = 1Chr 11:22, followed by שָׁם (i.e. בְּאֵר) 2Sam 17:18. וְיָרַדְתִּי֯ Judg 11:37, read וְרַדְתִּי (√ רוד, wander about), RS in Bla.
h. = sink, in water יָָֽרְדוּ בִמְצוֺלוֺת כְּמוֺאָֿ֑בֶן Exod 15:5 (song in E); לְקִצְבֵי הָרַים יָרַדְתִּי Jonah 2:7 more generally, opposed to rising, יַעֲלוּ הָרִים יֵָֽרְדוּ בְקָעוֺת Ps 104:8 mountains rise, valleys sink; יַעֲלוּ שָׁמַיִם יֵרְדוּ תְהוֺמוֺת Ps 107:26.
i. go down to She'ôl: followed by שְׁא֫וֺלָה Gen 37:35 (J; + אֶלבְּֿנִי), Num 16:30; Num 16:33 (JE), Ezek 31:15; Ezek 31:17 followed by שְׁאוֺל Ezek 32:27; Ps 55:16; Job 7:6 (opposed to עלה); בַּדֵּי שְׁאֹל תֵּרַדְנָה Job 17:16 absolute Isa 5:14; Ezek 32:19 (|| הָשְׁכְּבָה), vEzek 32:21 vEzek 32:30, Ps 49:15 (followed by אַחֲרָיו); יָָֽרְדוּ עֲרֵלִים Ezek 32:24 followed by שַׁחַת Job 33:24, אֶלשַֿׁחַת Ps 30:10 followed by בּוֺר Ps 30:4 Qr (Kt יורדי); יוֺרְדֵי אֶלאַֿבְנֵיבֿוֺר Isa 14:19 ; יוֺרְדֵי בוֺר Ps 28:1; Ezek 26:20 (twice in verse) (|| אֶרֶץ תַּחְתִיּוֺת) + 11 t. (see בּוֺר); יוֺרְדֵי עָפָר Ps 22:30 יוֺרְדֵי דוּמָה Ps 115:17 (|| הַמֵּתִים); רַגְלֶיהָ יֹרְדֹת מָ֑וֶת Prov 5:5, compare Prov 7:27 (|| דַּרְכֵי שְׁאוֺל); note also מִי יוֺדֵעַר֗֗֗וּךְַ הַבְּהֵמָה הַיּרֶדֶת הִיא לְמִטָּה לָאָרֶץ Eccl 3:21 (opposed to הָעֹלָה הִיא לְמָ֑עְלָה; read חֲיֹרדת, הַעֹלָה, with Vrss, see VB).
j. figurative יֹרֵד בַּבֶּ֑כִי Isa 15:3 going down (dissolving) in tears (|| יְיֵלֵיל; compare 3 c).
k. = be prostrated, absolute, of horses and riders Hag 2:22, compare Isa 34:7, perhaps also Jer 48:15; Jer 50:27 (+ לַטָּ֑בַח); forest Isa 32:19; Zech 11:2 city Deut 20:20; Lam 1:9 wall Deut 28:52 nation תֵּרֵד מַ֫טָּה מָ֑טָּה Deut 28:43 (opposed to עלה); מַצֵּבוֺת Ezek 26:11 + לָאָרֶץ (where Co ויחרדו).

2. of divine manifestations: descend, of ׳י in theoph. [על ההר֑]יָרַד עָלָיו בָּאֵשׁ ׳י Exod 19:11; Exod 19:18 (E), vExod 19:20 (J; אֶלרֿאֹשׁ הָהָר), compare Neh 9:13 צְבָאוֺת לִצְבּאֹ עַלהַֿרצִֿיּוֺן ׳יֵרֵד י Isa 31:4 absolute Gen 11:5; Gen 11:7; Gen 18:21; Exod 3:8 (all J), Num 11:17 (JE), 2Sam 22:10 = Ps 18:10 (compare Ps 144:5), Mic 1:3; Isa 63:19; Isa 64:2 וַיֵּרֶד בֶּעָנָן ׳י Exod 34:5; Num 11:25, compare Num 12:5 (all J E); of pillar of cloud Exod 33:9 (JE); מִי עָלָהשָֿׁמַיִם וַיֵּרַ֓ד Prov 30:4 of angels on סֻלָּם; עֹלִים וְיֹרְדִים בּוֺ Gen 28:12 (E).

3. of inanimate things:
a. hail with עַל person Exod 9:19 (J); dew with עַל location Num 11:9 (JE), Ps 133:3 rain (as אָבָק and עָפָר), followed by מִן הַשָּׁמַיִם + על person Deut 28:24, so in simile of future king יֵרֵד כְּמָטָר עַלגֵּֿז Ps 72:6 of גְּשֶׁם and שֶׁלֶג, with מִן הַשָּׁמַיִם Isa 55:10 manna (with עַל location) Num 11:9 (JE); fire from (מִן) heaven 2Kgs 1:10 (twice in verse); 2Kgs 1:12 (twice in verse); 2Kgs 1:14; 2Chr 7:1, absolute 2Chr 7:3.
b. waters, flowing down הַנַּחַל הַיֹּרֵד מִןהָֿהָר Deut 9:21, compare Josh 3:13 (followed by מִלְמָ֑עָלָה), vJosh 3:16 followed by עַליַֿם הָעֲרָבָה vJosh 3:16 עַלהָֿעֲרָבָה Ezek 47:8 followed by מִן Ezek 47:1.
c. tears, פַּלְגֵימַֿיִם יָָֽרְדוּ עֵינָ֑י Ps 119:36, and so Lam 3:48 also עֵינִי יֹרְדָה מַיִם Lam 1:16, and so Jer 9:17; Jer 13:17; Jer 14:17 (compare also Isa 15:3, 1 j).
d. of oil descending upon (על) beard, etc. Ps 133:2 (twice in verse).
e. of shadow on dial 2Kgs 20:11 = Isa 38:8 (twice in verse). feminine of boundary going down (from or to a place) Josh 16:3 (JE), elsewhere P, Num 34:11 (twice in verse); Num 34:12; Josh 15:10; Josh 16:7; Josh 17:9; Josh 18:13; Josh 18:16.
g. come down, absolute of headdresses, in sign of humiliation Jer 13:18.
h. pride of power Ezek 30:6.
i. of calamity ׳מֵאֵת י Mic 1:12 עַלדְֿקְדוֺ חֲמָסוֺ יֵרֵד Ps 7:17 of sword descending on (על) Edom Isa 34:5.
j. figurative of words of talebearer; יָרְדוּ חַדְרֵיבָּֿ֑טֶן Prov 18:8 = Prov 26:22. — See also above 1 k.

Hiph`il Perfect 3 masculine singular הוֺרִד 2Kgs 16:17 וְהוֺרִיד consecutive Amos 3:11 (We וְהוּרַד); 2 masculine singular וְהוֺרַדְתָּ֫ 1Kgs 2:9 2 feminine singular suffix הוֺרַדְתֵּנִי Josh 2:18 (see Baer^n. and Kö^{i. 412}); הוֺרִידוּ 1Sam 6:15; Lam 2:10 etc.; Imperfect 3 masculine singular וַיּוֺרֶד Judg 7:5 + 5 t. (+ 1Kgs 6:32 Klo, who reads וַיֹּרֶד for וַיָּרֶד, see רדד); suffix יוֺרִידֵנִי Obad 1:3 יוֺרִדֵהוּ 1Sam 30:16; 1Kgs 17:23 וַיֹּרִדֵם 1Kgs 18:40 2 masculine singular וְלֹא תּוֺרֵד 1Kgs 2:6 suffix (הֲ)תוֺרִדֵנִי 1Sam 30:15, תּוֺרִדֵם Ps 55:24 etc.; Imperative masculine singular הִוֺרֵד Exod 33:5 + 2 t.; suffix הוֺרִדֵהוּ Ezek 32:18 הוֺרִידֵמוֺ Ps 59:12 feminine singular הוֺרִידִי Lam 2:18 masculine plural הוֺרִידוּ Gen 43:7; Gen 43:11 suffix הוֺרִדֻהוּ Gen 44:21 Infinitive construct לְהוֺרִיד Gen 37:25 suffix הוֺרִדִי Ezek 31:16 Participle מוֺרִיד 1Sam 2:6 מֹרִיד 2Sam 22:48 — cause to come or go down:

1. a. bring down (to Egypt), with accusative of person + שָׁ֫מָּה Gen 39:1 (J); + הֵ֫נָּה Gen 45:13 (E); + אֵלַי Gen 44:21 absolute Gen 43:7 with accusative of thing Gen 43:11 + מִצְרַ֫יְמָה Gen 37:25 absolute Gen 43:22 (all J); from Canaan to desert Deut 1:25 (followed by אֵלֵינוּ); to (אֶל) Amalekites 1Sam 30:15 (twice in verse); absolute v1Sam 30:16 bring down (object person or thing) אָלהַֿמַּיִם Judg 7:4; Judg 7:5 אֶלנַֿ֫חַל Deut 21:4; 1Kgs 18:40 יָ֫מָּה 1Kgs 5:23 to Gaza (עַזָּ֫תָה) Judg 16:21 from Jerusalem to Gihon, with עַל (Qr אֶל) 1Kgs 1:33 to valley of Jehosh. (אֶל) Joel 1Kgs 4:2 from (מִן) temple (to king's house) 2Kgs 11:19 = 2Chr 23:20 from (מֵעַל) altar 1Kgs 1:53 from (מִן) upper chamber, followed by הַבַּ֫יְתָה 1Kgs 17:23 from (מִן) the heavens Amos 9:2 Edom, from (מִן) nest in rocks Jer 49:16; Obad 1:4 compare of Israel כְּעוֺף הַשָּׁמַיִם Hos 7:12 with accusative of limit (אֶרֶץ) Obad 1:3 bring down (from Babylon) into (בְּ) ships Isa 43:14 (see VB).
b. send down rain (הַגֶּשֶׁם) Ezek 34:26, compare Joel 2:23 = cause to flow down, object spittle, וַיּוֺרֶד רִירוֺ אֶלזְֿקָנוֺ 1Sam 21:14 tears הוֺרִידִי כַנַּחל דִּמְעָה Lam 2:18 water-streams וַיּוֺרֶד כַּנְּהָרוֺת מָ֑יִם Ps 78:16.
c. = lay prostrate, prostrate הוֺרִיד מִמֵךְ עֻזֵּךְ Amos 3:11 (where however We reads וְהוּרַד), compare Prov 21:22 וְאוֺרִיד כַּאבִּיר יוֺשְׁבִים Isa 10:13 of God's casting down peoples Ps 56:8; Isa 63:6 (followed by לָאָרֶץ); מוֺרִיד עַמִּים תַּחְתֵּנוּ 2Sam 22:48 (וַּיַּדְבֵּר in || Ps 18:48); so perhaps Babylonians, like lambs, לִטְבֿוֺחַ Jer 51:40 so Ps 59:12 (si vera lectio; ᵑ6 וַהֲנִידֵמוֺ make them vagabonds, see Lag^{Proph. Chald. (1872), xlviii.} VB Hup Now Che Bae Dr^{2Sam 15:20}).
d. bring down to She'ôl מֵמִית וּמְחַיֶּ֑ה מוֺרִיד שְׁאוֺל וַיָּ֑עַל׃ ׳י 1Sam 2:6 followed by שְׁא(וֺ)ל also 1Kgs 2:6; 1Kgs 2:9 followed by שְׁא֫וֺלָה (object grey hair) Gen 42:38; Gen 44:29; Gen 44:31 (all J); compare Ezek 26:30; Ezek 31:16; Ezek 32:18 followed by לִבְאֵר שַׁחַת Ps 55:24 לַשַּׁחַת Ezek 28:8.

2. take down (from cart) 1Sam 6:15 the sea from upon (מֵעַל) the brazen oxen 2Kgs 16:17 corpse from (מִן) tree Josh 8:29, and (מֵעַל) Josh 10:27 (both J E); the מִשְׁכָּן Num 1:51 (P); the פָּרֹכֶת Num 4:5 (P); take off ornaments מֵעָלֶיךָ Exod 33:5 (JE).

3. let down וַתֹּ֫רֶד כַּדָּהּ עַליָֿדָהּ Gen 24:18, so, with מֵעָלֶיהָ vGen 24:46, to give one a drink; וַיּוֺרִדוּ אִישׁ אֶתאַֿמְתַּחְתוֺ אָ֑רְצָה Gen 44:11 (all J); object person Josh 2:18, בַּחֶבֶל בְּעַד הַחַלּוֺן vJosh 2:15 (both J E); בְּעַד הַחַלּוֺן 1Sam 19:12 compare also הוֺרִידוּ לָאָרֶץ ראֹשָׁן בְּתוּלֹת יְרוּשָׁלִַם Lam 2:10 the virgins of Jerusalem have bowed down their heads to the ground.

Hoph`al Perfect הוּרַד Gen 39:1 + 2 t. + 1Sam 30:34 Kt (Qr Qal Participle); וְהוּרַד consecutive Zech 10:11 2 masculine singular וְהוּרַדְתָּ֫ Ezek 31:18 Imperfect 2 masculine singular תּוּרַד Isa 14:15 —

1. be brought down מִצְרַ֫יְמָה Gen 39:1 (J); בַּמִּלְחָמָה 1Sam 30:24 Kt (see above); to She'ôl הוּרַד שְׁאוֺל גְּאוֺנֶ֖ךָ Isa 14:11 (of king of Babylon); אֶלשְֿׁאוֺל תּוּרַד אֶליַֿרְכְּתֵיבֿוֺר vIsa 14:15 וְהוּרַדְתָּ֫ אֶלאֶֿרֶץ תַּחְתִּית Ezek 31:18 וְהוּרַד גְּאוֺן אַשּׁוּר Zech 10:11. — In Amos 3:11 We reads וְהוּרַד ממך (see Hiph`il above)

2. be taken down, of the מִשְׁכָּן Num 10:17 (P).

down, descended, descend, went, come, …

yārad

to descend (literally, to go downwards; or conventionally to a lower region, as the shore, a boundary, the enemy, etc.; or figuratively, to fall); causatively, to bring down (in all the above applications)

to go down, descend, decline, march down, sink down

(Qal)

to go or come down

to bring down

to be brought down

בּֽ וֹ

בּֽ

Preposition in, at, by, with

וֹ

Suffix — pronoun his / him / it

Preposition

In the KJV here: on it

it ×144 him ×95 them ×83 thee ×59 me ×53 unto him ×35 you ×28 he ×22

Word Breakdown

Vowels & Accents

Grammar C/Vqw3ms

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Brown-Driver-Briggs (BDB)

Strong's Definition H2492

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Grammar C/Tm

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Brown-Driver-Briggs (BDB)

Strong's Definition H2009

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Grammar Ncmsa

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Brown-Driver-Briggs (BDB)

Strong's Definition H5551

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Grammar VHsmsa

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Brown-Driver-Briggs (BDB)

Strong's Definition H5324

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Grammar Ncbsa/Sd

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Brown-Driver-Briggs (BDB)

Strong's Definition H776

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Grammar C/Ncmsc/Sp3ms

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Brown-Driver-Briggs (BDB)

Strong's Definition H7218

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Grammar Vhrmsa

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Brown-Driver-Briggs (BDB)

Strong's Definition H5060

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Grammar Td/Ncmpa/Sd

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Brown-Driver-Briggs (BDB)

Strong's Definition H8064

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Grammar C/Tm

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Brown-Driver-Briggs (BDB)

Strong's Definition H2009

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Grammar Ncmpc

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Brown-Driver-Briggs (BDB)

Strong's Definition H4397

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Grammar Ncmpa

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Brown-Driver-Briggs (BDB)

Strong's Definition H430

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Grammar Vqrmpa

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Brown-Driver-Briggs (BDB)

Strong's Definition H5927

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Grammar C/Vqrmpa