Isaiah 21:1

מַשָּׂ֖א מִדְבַּר יָ֑ם כְּסוּפ֤וֹת בַּנֶּ֙גֶב֙ לַֽחֲלֹ֔ף מִמִּדְבָּ֣ר בָּ֔א מֵאֶ֖רֶץ נוֹרָאָֽה
The burden of the desert of the sea. As whirlwinds in the south pass through; so it cometh from the desert, from a terrible land.
Select a Hebrew word above to see its details.

מַשָּׂ֖א
מַשָּׂ֖א
Root word burden, burdens, song, prophecy, set, …
Dictionary form: מַשָּׂא · mahs-SAW

Noun — Common, masculine singular, construct state "___ of …" — bound to the next word

In the KJV here: the burden
the burden ×22 burden ×10 a burden ×5 his burden ×4 and the burden ×2 of their burden ×2 their burdens ×2 about the song ×1
More options
oracle — Best for prophetic/divine pronouncement contexts; widely preferred today.
burden — Retain when literal weight or oppressive load is meant.
pronouncement — Formal prophetic declaration; good alternative to 'oracle'.
load — Physical carrying sense; plainer and more concrete than 'burden'.
tribute — Use when the burden is a tax or enforced payment.
proclamation — Suits public, herald-style prophetic speech contexts.

BDB5390 H4853 H4854

BDB5389 | BIBLICAL HEBREW | BDB5391

II. מַשָּׂא noun masculinePs 38:5 load, burden, lifting, bearing, tribute; — ׳מ absolute Neh 13:19 +; construct 2Kgs 5:17 +; suffix מַשָּׂאוֺ Exod 23:5 + 2 t.; מַשַּׂאֲכֶם Deut 1:12 מַשָּׂאָם Num 4:27 + 2 t.; —

1. load, burden of ass Exod 23:5 (E), mules 2Kgs 5:17, camels 2Kgs 8:9, compare Isa 46:1; Isa 46:2 hanging on a peg Isa 22:25 (figurative); forbidden on Sabbath Jer 17:21; Jer 17:22; Jer 17:24; Jer 17:27; Neh 13:15; Neh 13:19 figurative of people as burden Num 11:11; Num 11:17 (JE), Deut 1:12, compare עַלֿ ׳הָיָה לְמ 2Sam 15:33; 2Sam 19:36 (אֶלֿ), also וָאֶהְיֶה עָלַי לְמַשָּׂא Job 7:20 of iniquities Ps 38:5. — Hos 8:10 read מְשֹׁחַ, so ᵐ5 We Now GASm.
2. verbal noun, lifting, uplifting, only נַפְשָׁם ׳מ Ezek 24:25 the uplifting of their soul, i.e. that to which they lift up their soul, their heart's desire.
3. verbal noun, bearing, carrying, Num 4:24 (+ לַעֲבֹד), 2Chr 20:25; 2Chr 35:3 (בַּכָּתֵף), so probably 1Chr 15:22 (twice in verse); 1Chr 15:27 (compare Be Kau; > singing, uplifting of voice, e.g. Öttli); especially of responsibility and duty of bearing sacred vessels (often || עֲבֹדָה, פְּקֻדָּה) Num 4:15; Num 4:19; Num 4:27 (twice in verse); Num 4:49, ׳עֲבֹדַת מ vNum 4:47, ׳מִשְׁמֶרֶת מ vNum 4:31 vNum 4:32.
4. perhaps what is carried, brought, i.e. tribute ׳כֶּסֶף מ 2Chr 17:11 silver as tribute (+ מִנְחָה; compare נשׂא Qal; others, silver by the load i.e. in great quantity). — I. מַשָּׂא see above.

BDB5391 H4853

BDB5390 | BIBLICAL HEBREW | BDB5392

III. מַשָּׂא noun masculineIsa 14:28 utterance, oracle (compare נשׂא 1 b (6); GfJer 23:33); — ׳מ absolute Isa 14:28 +; usually construct Isa 13:1 +; — of prophetic utterance: 2Kgs 9:25; Isa 14:28; Ezek 12:10; 2Chr 24:27 (with עַל); בָבֶל ׳מ Isa 13:1, מוֺאָב ׳מ Isa 15:1, compare Isa 17:1; Isa 19:1; Isa 21:1; Isa 21:11; Isa 22:1; Isa 23:1; Isa 30:6; Nah 1:1 בערב ׳מ Isa 21:13 is later insert (Di); ׳מ = revelation, אֲשֶׁר חָזָה חֲבַקּוּק הַנָּבִיא ׳הַמּ Hab 1:1 ׳י ׳מ utterance of ׳י Jer 23:33; Jer 23:34; Jer 23:36; Jer 23:38 (3 t. in verse) (compare 2Kgs 9:25), see also v2Kgs 9:33 b (read אַתֶּם הַמַּשָּׂא), with word-play, — followed by וְנָטַשְׁתִּי v2Kgs 9:36 b; ׳דְבַר י ׳מ Zech 9:1 (+ בארץ), Zech 12:1 (+ עַליִֿשְׂרָאֵל), Mal 1:1 (+ ׳אֶליִֿשׂ). — Prov 31:1 see I. מַשָּׂא, p. 601 above; in Prov 30:1 read מִמַּשָּׂא from Massa (Mühlau, De), or הַמַּשָּׂאִי (Wild), which however is perhaps not original, but borrowed from Prov 31:1 (compare Wildon the passage FrankenbSpr. p. 5; corrupt name of Agur's home or tribe, Kau).

burden, burdens, song, prophecy, set, …
maśśāʾ
burden
a burden; specifically, tribute, or (abstractly) porterage
  • (n m) load, bearing, tribute, burden, lifting
    • load, burden
      • "lifting, uplifting, that to which the soul lifts itself up"bearing, carrying"tribute, that which is carried or brought or borne
    utterance, oracle, burden"(n pr m) a son of Ishmael

מִדְבַּר
מִדְבַּר
Root word wilderness, desert, south, speech
Dictionary form: מִדְבָּר · mid-BAWR

Noun — Common, masculine singular, construct state "___ of …" — bound to the next word

In the KJV here: of the desert
in the wilderness ×99 the wilderness ×26 of the wilderness ×23 wilderness ×12 into the wilderness ×11 them in the wilderness ×8 through the wilderness ×7 to the wilderness ×7
More options
wilderness — Modernized KJV standard; retains theological and literary resonance.
desert — Emphasizes aridity and barrenness; good for arid landscape contexts.
wasteland — Stresses desolation and uninhabitability; stronger negative tone.
uninhabited land — Neutral and descriptive; clarifies absence of settlement.
open country — Less dramatic; suits passages about pasture or open terrain.
badlands — Vivid and contemporary; best for harsh, rugged terrain contexts.

BDB1829 H4057

BDB1828 | BIBLICAL HEBREW | BDB1830

I. [מִדְבָּר] noun masculine mouth, as organ of speech, — מִדְבָּרֵךְ נָאוֶה thy mouth is lovely Song 4:3 || שִׁפְתוֺתַיִךְ, ᵐ5 λαλιά, Jerome eloquium.

BDB1830 H4057

BDB1829 | BIBLICAL HEBREW | BDB1831

II. מִדְבָּר270 noun masculine wilderness — Deut 32:10 +; with ה locative מִדְבָּ֫רָה Josh 18:12 + 15 t.; construct Exod 15:22 +; מִדְבַּ֫רָה 1Kgs 19:15 suffix מִדְבָּרָהּ Isa 51:3 —

1. tracts of land, used for the pasturage of flocks and herds, דָּֽשְׁאוּ נְאוֺת מִדְבָּר the pastures of the wilderness put forth green grass Joel 2:22 ׳מ ׳יִרְעֲפוּ נ the pastures of the wilderness drop (fertility) Ps 65:13 ׳מ ׳יָָֽבְשׁוּ נ are dried up Jer 23:10, compare Jer 9:9; Joel 1:19; Joel 1:20.
2. uninhabited land, מִדְבָּר לֹאאָֿדָם בּוֺ wilderness in which is no man Job 38:26 the abode of pelicans Ps 102:7 wild asses Job 24:5; Jer 2:24 jackals Mal 1:3 ostriches Lam 4:3 מִייִֿתְּנֵנִי בַמִּדְבָּר מְלוֺן אֹרְחִים וְֶ˜אעֶזְבָה אֶתעַֿמִּי O that I had in the wilderness a lodging place of wayfarers, that I might leave my people Jer 9:1 טוֺב שֶׁבֶת בְּאֶרֶץ מִדְבָּר better to dwell in a desert land, than with a contentious woman Prov 21:19 בְּאֶרֶץ מִדְבָּר וּבְתֹהוּ יְלֵל יְשִׁמֹן in a desert land, and in a waste howling wilderness Deut 32:10.
3. large tracts of such land bearing various names, in certain districts of which there might be towns and cities: יִשְׂאוּ מִדְבָּר וְעָרָיו חֲצֵרִים תֵּשֵׁב קֵדָר let the wilderness and its cities lift up (their voice), the villages that Kedar doth inhabit Isa 42:11. There were six cities in the wilderness of Judah Josh 15:61; Josh 15:62 הַמִּדְבָּר usually = wilderness of the wanderings Gen 14:6; Num 14:16; Num 14:29; Num 14:32; Num 14:33 (twice in verse) +, or the great Arabian desert Judg 11:22 +; but may also refer to any other Song 3:6; Song 8:5. Special tracts — (a) of the wilderness of the wandering were שׁוּר ׳מ Exod 15:22, סיןExod 16:1 +, סיני Exod 19:1 +, פארן Num 13:26 +, צן Num 20:1 +, קדשׁ Ps 29:8, אתם Num 33:8 (b) in West Palestine יהודה ׳מ Judg 1:16; Ps 63:1 compare Josh 15:61, מעוֺן 1Sam 23:24; 1Sam 23:25, זיף 1Sam 23:15; 1Sam 26:2, באר שׁבע Gen 21:14, עין גדי 1Sam 24:2, תקוע 2Chr 20:20, ירואל 2Chr 20:16, גבעון 2Sam 2:24 (c) in Eastern Palestine מואב Deut 2:8, אדום 2Kgs 3:8, קדמות Deut 2:26.
4. figurative וְשַׂמְתִּיהָ כַמִּדְבָּר וְשַׁתִּהָ כְּאֶרֶץ צִיָּה and (lest I) make her as a wilderness and set her like a dry land Hos 2:5 הֲמִדְבָּר הָיִיתִי לְיִשְׂרָאֵל have I been a wilderness to Israel ? Jer 2:31.

wilderness, desert, south, speech
midbār
a pasture (i.e., open field, whither cattle are driven); also speech (including its organs)
  • wilderness
    • pasture
      • "uninhabited land, wilderness"large tracts of wilderness (around cities)"wilderness (figuratively)
    mouth
    • mouth (as organ of speech)

יָ֑ם
יָ֑ם
Root word sea, west, seas, westward, side, …
Dictionary form: יָם · yawm

Noun — Common, masculine singular, absolute state

In the KJV here: of the sea
the sea ×86 of the sea ×70 sea ×68 westward ×19 the west ×17 of the seas ×12 and the sea ×8 at the sea ×7
More options
sea — Best default; fits ocean, lake, or large body.
ocean — Use when scale or vastness is emphasized.
west — Directional sense; Israelites faced east, sea lay west.
waters — Poetic or collective contexts; evokes expanse.
lake — Smaller inland bodies, e.g. Sea of Galilee.
western — Adjectival directional use, e.g. 'western border'.

BDB3567 H3220

BDB3566 | BIBLICAL HEBREW | BDB3568

יָם390 noun masculineExod 14:27 sea (Phoenician ים; Arabic ; Palmyrene בימא on the sea, VogNo. 79; on Assyrian iâmu, (¹mu), sea, see DlHWB 307 M-ACD 52 HptBAS i. 171 n.) — absolute יָם 1Sam 13:5 +; יָ֫מָּה Gen 28:14 +; construct יָם Gen 14:3 + 23 t., also יָ֫מָּה סוּף Exod 10:19, but always יַםסֿוּף Exod 13:18 + 22 t.; suffix יַמָּהּ Jer 51:36 plural יַמִּים Judg 5:17 + 29 t.; — sea: especially

1. Mediterranean Num 13:29 (E), Num 34:5 (P), Deut 1:7; Josh 5:1; 1Kgs 5:23 (twice in verse); Jonah 1:4 (twice in verse) + often; the Mediterranean is called also הַיָּם הַגָּדוֺל Num 34:6; Num 34:7; Josh 15:12; Josh 15:47; Ezek 48:28 +, compare וּרְחַב יָדַיִם ׳גּ ׳הַיּ Ps 104:25 מְבוֺא ׳הַיָּם חַגּ הַשָּׁ֑מֶשׁ Josh 1:4; Josh 23:4 (see Assyrian name of Mediterranean tiamtu rabitu ša sulmu šamši, etc., SchrNamender Meere. 171 ff.); אֶלמֿוּל הַלְּבָנוֺן ׳הַגּ ׳הַיּ Josh 9:1 הָאַחֲרוֺן ׳הַיּ the hinder sea Deut 11:24; Deut 34:2; Zech 14:8; Joel 2:20 (in the last two opposed to הַקַּדְמֹנִי ׳הַיּ, see below); of Mediterranean in particular part יָם פְּלִשְׁתִּים Exod 23:31 (JE); יָם יָפוֺ 2Chr 2:15 = יָם יָפוֺא Ezra 3:7.
**Of Mediterranean in plural Dan 11:45 [compare 8 d] Hi Ke Meinh Bev Dr (world-encircling seas Behrm).
2. יַםסֿוּף 'Red Sea' (see סוּף) Exod 13:18 (compare Exod 10:19), Exod 15:4; Num 14:25; Deut 1:40; Josh 2:10; Judg 11:16 + often; also הַיָּם Exod 14:2 (twice in verse); Exod 14:9; Isa 51:10 (twice in verse); Isa 63:11 +; probably also יָםמִֿצְרַיִם Isa 11:15 'Red Sea' named or referred to approximately 66 t.; יִםסֿוּף clearly of lanitic Gulf 1Kgs 9:26 (compare 2Chr 8:17).
3. Dead Sea, יָם מֶלַח sea of salt Gen 14:3; Num 34:3; Num 34:12; Deut 3:17; Josh 3:16; Josh 12:3; Josh 15:2; Josh 15:5; Josh 18:19 יָם הָעֲרָבָה Deut 3:17; Deut 4:49; Josh 3:16; Josh 12:3; 2Kgs 14:25 הַקַּדְמֹנִי ׳הַי Ezek 47:18; Zech 14:8; Joel 2:29 (see above); simply יָם Isa 16:8; Jer 48:32 — in יָם יַעְזֵר Jer 48:32 יָם is textual error, strike out with Gf Gr Che Gie.
4. Sea of Galilee יָם כִּנֶּרֶת Num 34:11; Josh 13:27 יָם כִּנְּרוֺת Josh 12:3 simply יָם Deut 33:23.
5. more generally sea, opposed to earth and (or) sky Gen 1:26; Gen 1:28; Gen 9:2 (P), Exod 20:11 (E), Hag 2:6 + often Job, Psalms, Isa2 etc.; Amos 6:12 read בַּבָּקָר יָם for בקרים (see בָּקָר); sea as under earth Ps 24:2 (compare Gen 1:10; Gen 6:11; Exod 20:5 = Deut 5:3); figurative of flood of invaders, עָלָה עַלבָּֿבֶל הַיָּם Jer 51:42.
6. of a mighty river, the Nile Nah 3:8 (twice in verse); Isa 19:5 (|| נָהָר); compare הַתַּנִּין אֲשֶׁר בַּיָּם Isa 27:1 and כַּתַּנִּים בַּיַּמִּים Ezek 32:2 (simile of Pharaoh); of Euphrates Isa 21:1; Jer 51:36 (according to Che Gf and others; Isa 21:1 perhaps better of Persian Gulf, see Di).
7. the great basin in temple-court, called the sea: וַיַּעַשׂ אֶתהַֿיָּם מוּצָק 1Kgs 7:23 = 2Chr 4:2 יָם הַנְּחשֶׁת 2Kgs 25:13; 1Chr 18:8; Jer 52:17 הַיָּם alone 1Kgs 7:24; 1Kgs 7:25 + 10 t. Kings Chronicles + Jer 52:20.
8. combinations are:
  a. shore of sea, sea-shore שְׂפַת הַיָּם Josh 11:4; 1Kgs 5:9, and in simile Gen 22:17; Judg 7:12; 1Sam 13:5 ׳חוֺף הַי Josh 9:1; Ezek 25:16 חוֺף יַמִּים Gen 49:13; Judg 5:17 compare חֶבֶל הַיָּם Zeph 2:5 region by the sea; so vZeph 2:6 but dubious, see I. חֶבֶל
3. b. sand of the sea (shore) חוֺל הַיָּם (in simile) Gen 32:13; Gen 41:49; Hos 2:1; Isa 10:22 + often (see חוֺל); חוֺל גְּבוּל לַיָּם Jer 5:22.
  c. לְשׁוֺן הַיָּם tongue (arm or gulf) of sea Josh 15:5; Josh 18:19; Isa 11:5.
  d. מִיָּם עַדיָֿם Amos 8:12; Zech 9:10; Ps 72:8, compare Mic 7:12; Zech 14:8 (twice in verse); Joel 2:20 (twice in verse); Dan 11:45.
9. = (west, west-word (originally sea-ward, from position of Mediterranean with reference to Palestine, and this sense still often perceptible): with other three points of compass Gen 13:14; Gen 28:14 (J), Num 2:18; Num 35:5 (P), Deut 3:27; 1Kgs 7:25; 1Chr 9:24; 2Chr 4:4; Ezek 42:19 + 6 t. Ezekiel; Zech 14:4; Dan 8:4; Ps 107:3 (מִמִּזְרָח וּמִמַּעֲרָב מִצָּפוֺן וּמִיָּם; but read perhaps וּמִיָּמִן from the south, Hu Pe Bi Che); opposed to east Josh 11:2; Josh 16:6 + 16 t. Ezek 48 west alone Gen 12:8 (J); רוּהַ יָם Ezek 10:19 (J) west wind; מִיָּם לְ westward Josh 8:9; Josh 8:12; Josh 8:13 +; יָ֫מָּה westward, often of tabernacle Exod 26:22; Exod 26:27; Num 3:23 + (all P), and of land Josh 5:1; Josh 15:8; Josh 15:10 etc., + often Ezekiel; דֶּרֶךְ הַיָּם = westward Ezek 41:12 גְּבוּל יָם western border Num 34:6 (twice in verse); Josh 15:2 פְּאַתיָֿם west side Exod 27:12; Exod 38:12; Num 35:5; Josh 18:14 פְּאַת דרך הים Ezek 41:12 (see further פאה).

BDB9582 H3220 H3221

BDB9581 | BIBLICAL ARAMAIC | BDB9583

[יַם] noun masculine sea (ᵑ7 Syriac; see B יָם, √ ימם); — emphatic יַמָּא Dan 7:2; Dan 7:3.

sea, west, seas, westward, side, …
yām
a sea (as breaking in noisy surf) or large body of water; specifically (with the article), the Mediterranean Sea; sometimes a large river, or an artifical basin; locally, the west, or (rarely) the south
  • sea
    • Mediterranean Sea
      • "Red Sea"Dead Sea"Sea of Galilee"sea (generally)"mighty river (Nile)"the sea (the great basin in the temple court)"seaward, west, westward

כְּ סוּפ֤וֹת
כְּ
Prefix — preposition like, as
סוּפ֤וֹת
Root word a name — transliterate it ("As whirlwinds")
Dictionary form: סוּפָה · soo-PAW

Noun — Common, feminine plural, absolute state plural — usually add "-s"

In the KJV here: as whirlwinds
the whirlwind ×3 like a whirlwind ×2 a tempest ×1 as a whirlwind ×1 as the whirlwind ×1 as whirlwinds ×1 in the red sea ×1 in the whirlwind ×1
More options
storm — Broad, natural default for most narrative contexts.
whirlwind — Modernized KJV; vivid, suits poetic or judgment passages.
tempest — Slightly elevated; good for poetry and prophetic warnings.
windstorm — Plain compound; emphasizes wind over rain or thunder.
gale — Concise; suits swift, violent motion imagery.
hurricane — High-intensity modern equivalent; use sparingly for dramatic effect.

BDB5540 H5492

BDB5539 | BIBLICAL HEBREW | BDB5541

I. סוּפָה noun feminine storm-wind (that makes an end ?); — absolute ׳ס Isa 5:28 +; סוּפָּ֫תָה Hos 8:7 (Ges«GKC:90f»§ 90f.); suffix סוּפָֽתְךָ Ps 83:16 plural סוּפוֺת Isa 21:1 — strom-wind, ׳כְּסַעַר בְּיוֺם ס Amos 1:14; Nah 1:3 (|| שְׂעָרָה), Isa 17:13 (|| רוּחַ), Job 37:9; Isa 21:1, as driving chaff Job 21:18 (verb גָּנַב; in simile), simile of rushing chariots Isa 5:28; Isa 66:15; Jer 4:13, of ruin Prov 1:27 compare Prov 10:25 symbolic of ׳י's judgments, יִקְצֹ֑רוּ ׳רוּחַ יִזְרָ֖עוּ וְס Hos 8:7; Ps 83:16 (|| סַעַר), Job 27:20 (verb גָּנַב), Isa 29:6 ( + מְעָרָה).

BDB5543 H5492

BDB5542 | BIBLICAL HEBREW | BDB5544

II. סוּפָה proper name, of a location East of Jordan; — only in phrase ׳וָהֵב בְּס in ancient poetry fragment Num 21:14 TristrMoab 50 compare S¹fieh (), southeast oasis of Dead Sea, but ס = is most improbable

whirlwind, storm, tempest, whirlwinds, sea
sûpâ
honeycomb, overflow
a hurricane
  • (n f) storm-wind
    • "(n pr loc) a place east of the Jordan

בַּ נֶּ֙גֶב֙
בַּ
Prefix — preposition in, at, by, with + "the" (the article is absorbed into the prefix)
נֶּ֙גֶב֙
Root word south, southward, side, country
Dictionary form: נֶגֶב · neh-ɡEB

בַּ
Hidden "the" בַּ = the preposition + the article הַ squeezed together: the "a" vowel under the prefix is the swallowed "the". Translate "in the ___".

Noun — Common, masculine singular, absolute state

In the KJV here: in the south
of the south ×20 the south ×16 southward ×13 from the south ×5 on the south ×5 and the south ×4 in the south ×4 toward the south ×4
More options
south — Most versatile; works as noun, adjective, or direction.
southern region — Best when referring to a geographic area or territory.
Negev — Use when the specific desert region of Israel is meant.
southward — Prefer for directional movement or orientation.
southern side — Ideal for boundary or architectural descriptions.
arid south — Captures the dry, desert nuance of the term's landscape.

BDB4961 H5045

BDB4960 | BIBLICAL HEBREW | BDB4962

נֶ֫גֶב noun [masculine]] south-country, Negeb, south (compare LagBN 78); — ׳נ absolute Gen 20:1 +; construct Josh 11:2 +; נֶ֫גְבָּה Gen 13:14 +; —

1. south-country, i.e.
  a. specifically the region south of Judah, boundaries not exactly defined (see cities in it Josh 15:21-32), but with from hills south of Hebron to Kadesh, ׳אֶרֶץ הַנּ Gen 20:1 (E), Gen 24:62 (J), Num 13:29 (JE), Judg 1:15; Josh 15:19 almost = proper name ׳הַנּ, הַנֶּ֫גְבָּה, Gen 12:9; Gen 13:1; Num 13:17; Num 13:22; Num 21:1 (all J), Deut 34:3 (JE), Deut 1:7; Josh 10:40; Josh 11:16; Josh 12:8 (all D), Num 33:40; Josh 15:21 (both P), Judg 1:9; 1Sam 20:41 (but read הָאַרְגָּב, i.e. the mound ᵐ5 (ἀργαβ) Th We Klo Dr Kit Bu HPS), Jer 13:19; Jer 17:26; Jer 32:44; Jer 33:13; Zech 7:7; Obad 1:20; Ps 126:4 (simile), Ezek 21:3a (= Judah); ׳נ (no article) Gen 13:3 (J), 1Sam 30:1; Isa 30:6 (compare Di); of particular districts in the Negeb: עֲרָד ׳נ Judg 1:16 (compare GFM), יהוּדָה ׳נ etc. 1Sam 27:10 (3 t. in verse) (compare Dr), 1Sam 30:14 (twice in verse); 2Sam 24:7; 2Chr 28:18 see also Zech 14:10 ׳רָמַת נ Josh 19:8, ׳רָמוֺת נ 1Sam 30:27 collective with plural verb = people of south-land Obad 1:19.
  b. land south of Babylon Isa 21:1 (compare Di).
  c. = Egypt Dan 11:5; Dan 11:6; Dan 11:9; Dan 11:14; Dan 11:15; Dan 11:25 (twice in verse); Dan 11:29; Dan 11:40 (see Meinh Bev Behrm, compare vDan 11:43).
2. hence south (opposed to north, east, west) Gen 13:14; Gen 28:14 (both J), Josh 17:10 (P), 1Kgs 7:25 = 2Chr 4:4; 1Chr 9:24; 1Chr 26:15; 1Chr 26:17 (compare v1Chr 26:14 v1Chr 26:16 v1Chr 26:18), Ezek 21:3b; Ezek 21:9; Dan 8:4; Dan 8:9, further 1Kgs 7:39; Zech 14:4 פְּאַת נֶ֫גְבָּה תֵּימָ֫נָה Exod 26:18, compare Exod 27:9; Exod 36:23; Exod 38:9; Exod 40:24 (of south side of tabernacle); ׳שַׁ֫עַר נ Ezek 46:9 (twice in verse); ׳פְּאַת נ south side or border Num 34:3; Num 35:5; Josh 18:15 (all P), Ezek 47:19, cf vEzek 47:19; Ezek 48:16; Ezek 48:28; Ezek 48:33 ׳גְּבוּל נ south boundary Num 34:3; Josh 15:2; Josh 15:4; Josh 18:19 (all P), compare מִנֶּ֫גֶב לְ (הַגְּבוּל) on the south of Num 34:4 (twice in verse); Josh 15:3 (לְ ׳אֶלמִֿנּ), vJosh 15:3 vJosh 15:7; Josh 18:3 (all P), Judg 21:19 ׳מִנּ absolute on the south Josh 18:5 (JE), Josh 19:34 (P), 1Sam 14:5; Ezek 40:2 ׳כֶּ֫תֶף הַיְבוּסִי מִנּ Josh 15:8, compare Josh 18:13; Josh 18:16 (all P); נֶ֫גְבָּה Josh 15:1; Josh 15:2; Josh 18:14 (twice in verse); Josh 18:19 (all P), 2Chr 4:10; Ezek 21:2 (Co; HCT נגב) Ezek 48:10; Ezek 48:17 נֶ֫גְבָּה לְ Josh 17:9 (P). — For בִּנְּרוֺת ׳נ Josh 11:2 read נֶגֶד (ᵐ5 Di).

BDB7736 H68 H5045

BDB7735 | BIBLICAL HEBREW | BDB7737

אַרְגָּב noun masculine heap, mound (probably); — so read 1Sam 20:19 (for אבן), v1Sam 20:41 (for ננב), ᵐ5 (αρ σαβ, ερσαβ), Th We Klo Dr Kit Bu HPS.

south, southward, side, country
negeb
the south (from its drought); specifically, the Negeb or southern district of Judah, occasionally, Egypt (as south to Palestine)
  • south-country, Nekeb, south
    • south-country
      • region of southern Judah, boundaries not specific
      south

לַֽ חֲלֹ֔ף
לַֽ
Prefix — preposition to, for
חֲלֹ֔ף
Root word changed, change, on, pass, through, …
Dictionary form: חָלַף · haw-LAHP

Verb — Qal, Infinitive Construct, construct state simple action — "he did" try "to ___" or "___ing"

In the KJV here: pass through
himself and changed ×2 abolish ×1 alter ×1 and change ×1 and changed ×1 and groweth up ×1 and he shall pass ×1 and stricken through ×1
More options
pass — Broad default; suits movement or time elapsing.
change — Best for transformation or substitution contexts.
renew — Prefer for restoration of strength or vitality.
sprout — Use for plant regrowth or fresh emergence imagery.
sweep through — Vivid; suits rapid, forceful movement or striking.
replace — Emphasizes substitution more concretely than 'change'.

BDB2796 H2498

BDB2795 | BIBLICAL HEBREW | BDB2797

חָלַף verb pass on or away, pass through (mostly in poetry) (Late Hebrew id., pass by or away, change; Phoenician חלפת equivalent, ReinachRŠJ 1888, 276; HoffmG. G. Abh. xxxvi. 1890, 20; Aramaic חֲלֵף pass away, change; change, substitute; Nabataean חלף change (?) Eutp. 53; Arabic come after, succeed, replace [compare 'Caliph' i.e. successor (of Mohammed)] and many derivatives Lane792-799; so also ויחלפה MI6 and his son succeeded him; Ethiopic pass by, across, through) —

Qal Perfect חָלַף Song 2:11; Hab 1:11 etc.; Imperfect יַחֲלֹף Job 4:15 + 4 t.; 3 feminine singular suffix תַּחְלְפֵ֑הוּ Job 20:24 יַחֲלֹ֑פוּ Ps 102:27 Infinitive construct לַחֲלוֺף Isa 21:1 —
1. a. pass on quickly 1Sam 10:3 elsewhere only in poetry, move or sweep on, of a flood Isa 8:8, or wind Isa 21:1; Job 4:15; Hab 1:11, of God Job 9:11; Job 11:10.
  b. pass away (vanish) Job 9:26 (of days); Song 2:11 (of rain || עבר), of the heavens Ps 102:27, of idols Isa 2:18, (but perhaps gloss JBLix. 1890, 86).
2. of grass, come on anew, i. e. sprout again (compare Hiph`il 2) Ps 90:5; Ps 90:6, so Thes AV De Hi Che Bae and others; less suitably in context, ᵐ5 ᵑ9 Ew pass away, above
1 b. 3. transitive
  a. pass through, i.e. pierce, followed by accusative Judg 5:26; Job 20:24.
  b. overstep, transgress Isa 24:5 (|| עבר), (compare Arabic IV. to break a promise). Pi`el Imperfect וַיְחַלֵּף (cause to pass) change, followed by accusative garment Gen 41:14 (E) 2Sam 12:20. Hiph`il Perfect חֶחֱלִף Gen 31:7 Imperfect יַחֲלִיף Job 14:7 suffix יַחֲלִיפֶנּוּ Lev 27:10 3 feminine singular תַּחֲלִיף Job 29:20 2 masculine singular וַתַּחֲלֵף Gen 31:41 suffix תַּחֲלִיפֵם; יַחֲלִ֑יפוּ Isa 40:31; Isa 41:1 נַחֲלִיף Isa 9:9 —
1. change (transitive) garments Gen 35:2 (E) Ps 102:27, wages Gen 31:7; Gen 31:41 (both E); no object expressed Lev 27:10 (H); substitute i. e. cause to succeed Isa 9:9 change for better, renew, object כֹּחַ Isa 40:31; Isa 41:1.
2. shew newness, of tree, putting forth fresh shoots Job 14:7, of bow Job 29:20.

BDB8759 H8025 H2498

BDB8758 | BIBLICAL HEBREW | BDB8760

שָׁלַף verb draw out, off (Late Hebrew id., loosen, draw (nail, sword; Jastr); Assyrian šalâpu, pluck out, draw sword; Aramaic לְֵַף draw sword, draw off shoe, draw sword, in Lexicons remove corselet; Arabic is pass, pass away, strip, plunder, etc.); —

Qal Perfect 3 masculine singular ׳שׁ Judg 3:22 +; Imperfect 3 masculine singular וַיִּשְׁלֹף Ruth 4:8, etc.; Imperative masculine singular שְׁלֹף Judg 9:54 +; Participle active שֹׁלֵף Judg 8:10 +, etc.; passive feminine שׁלוּפָה Num 22:23 +; —
1. draw out sword from (מִן) wound Judg 3:22, compare Job 20:25 usually sword from sheath Judg 8:20; Judg 9:54; 1Sam 31:4 = 1Chr 10:4, + מִתַּעְרָהּ 1Sam 17:51 וְחַרְבּוֺ שָׁלוּפָה בְּיָדוֺ Num 22:23; Num 22:31; Josh 5:13 (all J), 1Chr 21:16 elsewhere ׳אִישׁ שֹׁלֵף ח collective Judg 8:10; Judg 20:2; Judg 20:15; Judg 20:17; Judg 20:46; 2Sam 24:9; 2Kgs 3:26; 1Chr 21:5 (twice in verse), compare Judg 20:35 and (׳שְׁלֹפֵי ח) vJudg 20:25.
2. draw off sandal Ruth 4:7; Ruth 4:8 (compare I. חלץ 1; also RSK 269 DrDeut 25:9 BewerSK lxxvi (1903), 332).
3. shoot up (?), i.e. draw out blade, of grass on roof Ps 129:6 (compare Ew Bae and others); Che Dr is unsheathed (verb with subject indefinite = passive), with same meaning; Hup-Now proposes שָׁלֵם (with || in Syriac); see OrtenbergTextkrit1 K d. Ps. (1861), 30 שֶׁחָלָף, WeHpt Du חֲלֹף (as Ps 90:5; Ps 90:6, see ׳ח 2).

BDB9528 H2498 H2499

BDB9527 | BIBLICAL ARAMAIC | BDB9529

[חֲלַף] verb pass (over) (see Biblical Hebrew); —

Pe`al with יַל person pass over one (of time): Imperfect 3 masculine plural יִחְלְפוּן Dan 4:13; Dan 4:20; Dan 4:22; Dan 4:29.

changed, change, on, pass, through, …
ḥālap
properly, to slide by, i.e., (by implication) to hasten away, pass on, spring up, pierce or change
  • to pass on or away, pass through, pass by, go through, grow up, change, to go on from
    • (Qal)
      • to pass on quickly
        • "to pass away (vanish)"to come on anew, sprout again (of grass)"to pass through"to overstep, transgress
      (Piel) to cause to pass, change"(Hiph)
      • to change, substitute, alter, change for better, renew
        • "to show newness (of tree)

מִ מִּדְבָּ֣ר
מִ
Prefix — preposition from, out of
מִּדְבָּ֣ר
Root word wilderness, desert, south, speech
Dictionary form: מִדְבָּר · mid-BAWR

Noun — Common, masculine singular, absolute state

In the KJV here: from the desert
in the wilderness ×99 the wilderness ×26 of the wilderness ×23 wilderness ×12 into the wilderness ×11 them in the wilderness ×8 through the wilderness ×7 to the wilderness ×7
More options
wilderness — Modernized KJV standard; retains theological and literary resonance.
desert — Emphasizes aridity and barrenness; good for arid landscape contexts.
wasteland — Stresses desolation and uninhabitability; stronger negative tone.
uninhabited land — Neutral and descriptive; clarifies absence of settlement.
open country — Less dramatic; suits passages about pasture or open terrain.
badlands — Vivid and contemporary; best for harsh, rugged terrain contexts.

BDB1829 H4057

BDB1828 | BIBLICAL HEBREW | BDB1830

I. [מִדְבָּר] noun masculine mouth, as organ of speech, — מִדְבָּרֵךְ נָאוֶה thy mouth is lovely Song 4:3 || שִׁפְתוֺתַיִךְ, ᵐ5 λαλιά, Jerome eloquium.

BDB1830 H4057

BDB1829 | BIBLICAL HEBREW | BDB1831

II. מִדְבָּר270 noun masculine wilderness — Deut 32:10 +; with ה locative מִדְבָּ֫רָה Josh 18:12 + 15 t.; construct Exod 15:22 +; מִדְבַּ֫רָה 1Kgs 19:15 suffix מִדְבָּרָהּ Isa 51:3 —

1. tracts of land, used for the pasturage of flocks and herds, דָּֽשְׁאוּ נְאוֺת מִדְבָּר the pastures of the wilderness put forth green grass Joel 2:22 ׳מ ׳יִרְעֲפוּ נ the pastures of the wilderness drop (fertility) Ps 65:13 ׳מ ׳יָָֽבְשׁוּ נ are dried up Jer 23:10, compare Jer 9:9; Joel 1:19; Joel 1:20.
2. uninhabited land, מִדְבָּר לֹאאָֿדָם בּוֺ wilderness in which is no man Job 38:26 the abode of pelicans Ps 102:7 wild asses Job 24:5; Jer 2:24 jackals Mal 1:3 ostriches Lam 4:3 מִייִֿתְּנֵנִי בַמִּדְבָּר מְלוֺן אֹרְחִים וְֶ˜אעֶזְבָה אֶתעַֿמִּי O that I had in the wilderness a lodging place of wayfarers, that I might leave my people Jer 9:1 טוֺב שֶׁבֶת בְּאֶרֶץ מִדְבָּר better to dwell in a desert land, than with a contentious woman Prov 21:19 בְּאֶרֶץ מִדְבָּר וּבְתֹהוּ יְלֵל יְשִׁמֹן in a desert land, and in a waste howling wilderness Deut 32:10.
3. large tracts of such land bearing various names, in certain districts of which there might be towns and cities: יִשְׂאוּ מִדְבָּר וְעָרָיו חֲצֵרִים תֵּשֵׁב קֵדָר let the wilderness and its cities lift up (their voice), the villages that Kedar doth inhabit Isa 42:11. There were six cities in the wilderness of Judah Josh 15:61; Josh 15:62 הַמִּדְבָּר usually = wilderness of the wanderings Gen 14:6; Num 14:16; Num 14:29; Num 14:32; Num 14:33 (twice in verse) +, or the great Arabian desert Judg 11:22 +; but may also refer to any other Song 3:6; Song 8:5. Special tracts — (a) of the wilderness of the wandering were שׁוּר ׳מ Exod 15:22, סיןExod 16:1 +, סיני Exod 19:1 +, פארן Num 13:26 +, צן Num 20:1 +, קדשׁ Ps 29:8, אתם Num 33:8 (b) in West Palestine יהודה ׳מ Judg 1:16; Ps 63:1 compare Josh 15:61, מעוֺן 1Sam 23:24; 1Sam 23:25, זיף 1Sam 23:15; 1Sam 26:2, באר שׁבע Gen 21:14, עין גדי 1Sam 24:2, תקוע 2Chr 20:20, ירואל 2Chr 20:16, גבעון 2Sam 2:24 (c) in Eastern Palestine מואב Deut 2:8, אדום 2Kgs 3:8, קדמות Deut 2:26.
4. figurative וְשַׂמְתִּיהָ כַמִּדְבָּר וְשַׁתִּהָ כְּאֶרֶץ צִיָּה and (lest I) make her as a wilderness and set her like a dry land Hos 2:5 הֲמִדְבָּר הָיִיתִי לְיִשְׂרָאֵל have I been a wilderness to Israel ? Jer 2:31.

wilderness, desert, south, speech
midbār
a pasture (i.e., open field, whither cattle are driven); also speech (including its organs)
  • wilderness
    • pasture
      • "uninhabited land, wilderness"large tracts of wilderness (around cities)"wilderness (figuratively)
    mouth
    • mouth (as organ of speech)

בָּ֔א
בָּ֔א
Root word come, came, brought, bring, in, …
Dictionary form: בּוֹא · boh

Verb — Qal, Perfect (Qatal), third person masculine singular simple action — "he did" completed action — try "he ___ed" or "he has ___ed" the built-in subject is "he (or it)"

In the KJV here: so it cometh
came ×247 come ×144 and came ×99 shall come ×65 and brought ×55 cometh ×44 and they came ×38 brought ×37
More options
come — Most neutral, widely applicable rendering for this lemma.
go — Use when motion is away from the speaker's reference point.
enter — Prefer when crossing a threshold or boundary is in view.
bring — Use for causative or hiphil stems involving conveying something.
arrive — Emphasizes reaching a destination; good for narrative climax.
approach — Highlights drawing near; suitable for formal or ceremonial contexts.

BDB946 H935

BDB945 | BIBLICAL HEBREW | BDB947

בּוֺא2569 verb come in, come, go in, go (Assyrian bâ'u HptKAT 499, Ethiopic Arabic return) —

Qal Perfect בָּא Gen 6:13 +; 3 feminine singular בָּ֫אָה Gen 15:17 +; suffix בָּאַתְנוּ Ps 44:18 2 masculine singular בָּ֫אתָ Josh 13:1 +, בָּ֫אתָה 2Sam 3:7 2 feminine singular בָּאתְ Gen 16:8; Ruth 2:12, וּבָאתְ consecutive Ruth 3:4; 2Sam 14:3; Mic 4:10 3 plural בָּאוּ Gen 7:9 +; 1 plural בָּאנוּ Gen 32:7 + (בָּנוּ 1Sam 25:8), etc.; Imperfect יָבוֺא Gen 32:9 +, יָבאֹ Gen 49:10 +; 3 feminine singular תָּבוֺא Gen 41:50 +; suffix תְּבוֺאָֽתְךָ Job 22:21 (but text dubious see Köi. 644); 2 masculine singular תָּבוֺא Gen 15:15 +; 2 feminine singular תָּבוֺאִי Ruth 3:17 +; 1 singular אָבוֺא Gen 33:14 +; cohortative אָבֹ֫אָה Judg 15:1, אָב֫וֺאָה Gen 29:21 +, וַתָּבאֹתִי 1Sam 25:34 (Qr וַתָּבאֹת, but text probably wrong, see Köi. 647 Dr, read וַתָּבֹאִי); 3 plural masculine יָבוֺאוּ Gen 6:20 +, also (by text error) בּאֹוּ Jer 27:18 compare Köi. 645, יְבאֹ֑וּן Ps 95:11 suffix יְבאֹוּנִי Ps 119:77, וִיבֹאֻנִי vPs 119:41 3 feminine plural תָּבאֹןָ Gen 30:38, תָּבוֺאנָה 1Sam 10:7 +; תְּבֹאֶינָה 1Sam 10:7; Ps 45:16, etc.; Imperative בּוֺא, בּאֹ Gen 7:1 +, בֹּ֫אָה 1Sam 20:21; 1Kgs 13:7, בּ֫וֺאִי, בֹּ֫אִי 2Sam 13:11 +; masculine plural בּ֫אֹוּ Gen 45:17 +; Infinitive בּוֺא, בּאֹ Gen 39:16 +; suffix בֹּאִי, בּוֺאִי Gen 48:5 +, בּוֺאֲךָ 1Sam 29:6 +, בֹּאֲכָה Gen 10:19 +, etc., בֹּאָם Gen 34:5 +, בֹּאָן Gen 30:88 compare Ezek 42:12 (where Co for בְּבוֺאָן reads לבוא להנה); Participle בָּא Gen 33:1 +; feminine בָּאָ֫ה Gen 29:6 +, הַבָּ֫אָה Gen 18:21 + (accent wrong Ew§ 331 b N.); plural בָּאִים Gen 18:11 +; construct בָּאֵי Gen 23:10 feminine absolute בָּאוֺת Gen 41:29 (see further on forms Köi. 643 f.); —
1. come in, followed by אֶל Gen 6:18; Gen 7:9; Gen 7:13, followed by בְּ Gen 19:8 & so (subject רוּחַ) Ezek 2:2; Ezek 37:10, followed by לְ Esth 6:4, followed by ָ  ה locative Gen 12:11; Gen 41:57; Num 14:24, followed by accusative (בוֺת) Judg 18:18; 2Kgs 11:19 compare Ps 100:4 (שַׁעֲרָיו), & בָּאֵי שַׁעַר עִירוֺ Gen 23:10; Gen 23:18 even of life-less things 2Kgs 18:21, וּבָא בְכַפּוֺ (of broken reed) = pierce; of food and drink (followed by אֶלֿ) Dan 10:3 compare Gen 41:21 (fat kine when eaten by lean kine); see also (followed by בְּ) Num 5:22; Num 5:24; Num 5:27 absolute Gen 7:16; Gen 24:31; 1Kgs 1:42; 1Kgs 14:6 compare 2Kgs 11:5; 2Kgs 11:9 = 2Chr 23:4; 2Chr 23:8 +; more particular
  a. opposed to יָצָא, go out and come in (Sabean וצֿאם או בהאם Hal152) Josh 6:1; 2Kgs 11:8 = 2Chr 23:7 especially in sense of going about one's affairs (including all one's undertakings) Deut 28:6; Deut 28:19; Zech 8:10; Ps 121:8 id. + ישׁב 2Kgs 19:27 also followed by לִפְנֵי הָעָם etc. = act as ruler (judge) of, Num 27:17; 2Chr 1:10 compare 1Kgs 3:7 of leading an army 1Sam 18:13; 1Sam 18:16 compare also Josh 14:11 see further Deut 31:2; 1Sam 29:6 & below
  c. below
  b. of taking part in worship of congregation Deut 23:2; Deut 23:3 (twice in verse); Deut 23:4 (twice in verse) + (followed by בְּ); or entering into tabernacle for priestly service Exod 28:29; Exod 28:35; Lev 16:23 (all followed by אֶלֿ), Exod 28:30 (followed by לִפְנֵי יהוה), Lev 16:17 (followed by infinitive) +. with of entering on official duty 2Kgs 11:9 = 2Chr 23:8; 1Chr 27:1 (all opposed to יצא). d. of bride coming into her husband's house Josh 15:18 = Judg 1:14. e. of entering a woman's tent or apartment (with implication coire cum femina, compare Late Hebrew בִּיאָה coitio; on origin of this use of word compare RSK 90, 167, 291) Judg 15:1 אֶלאִֿשְׁתִּי הֶחָ֑דְרָה, Judg 16:1; Gen 6:4; Gen 16:2; Gen 30:3; Gen 38:8: Gen 38:9; Gen 39:14; Deut 22:13; 2Sam 12:24; 2Sam 16:21; 2Sam 20:3; Ezek 23:44 (3 t. in verse); Prov 6:29 (all followed by אֶלֿ); followed by עַלֿ Gen 19:31; Deut 25:5 יָבאֹ עָלָיהָ וּלְקָחָהּ לוֺ לְאִשָּׁה compare בָּאֶיהָ Prov 2:19 — subject rarely woman Gen 19:34; 2Sam 11:4. feminine of associating with (followed by בְּ) Josh 23:7; Josh 23:12 compare Gen 49:6 בְּסֹדָם אַל תָּבאֹ נַפְשִׁי (אַלתֵּֿחַד || בִּקְהָלָם).
  g. of entering into specific relations, בְאָלָה ׳בּ, בִבְרִית ׳בּ (see אלה, ברית); בּוֺא בְדָמִים come into blood-guiltiness, became guilty of murder 1Sam 25:26.
  h. of burial, אֶלקֶֿבֶר ׳בּ 1Kgs 13:22; 1Kgs 14:13 compare תָּבוֺא אֶלאֲֿבוֺתֶיךָ Gen 15:15 (|| תִּקָּבֵר).
  i. of sun, set (go in, enter, compare As êrib šanši COT Gen 19:23 opposed to יצא go forth, rise) Gen 15:12; Gen 15:17; Gen 28:11; Exod 17:12; Exod 22:25; Lev 22:7; Deut 16:6; Deut 23:12; Deut 24:13; Deut 24:15; Deut 10:13; Deut 10:27; Deut 2:24; Deut 3:35; Deut 1:36; Deut 18:34 so also figurative Jer 15:9 of calamity בּאה שִׁמְשָׁהּ בְּעוֺד יוֺמָם (|| אֻמְלְלָה יֹלֶדֶת הַשִּׁבְעָה etc.), compare Isa 60:20; Mic 3:6 הַשֶּׁמֶשׁ עַלהַֿנְּבִיאִים ׳וּב of ignorance and confusion. j. of harvest, come in = be gathered Lev 25:22 (compare תְּבוּאָה); so of revenue (income) 1Kgs 10:14 = 2Chr 9:13 (followed by לְ person), — opposed to יצא be expended.
  k. in other phrases: וַתָּבאֹ הָעִיר בַּמָּצוֺר 2Kgs 24:10 + and the city came into siege; compare Ps 105:18 בַּרְזֶל בָּאָה נַפְשׁוֺ his soul came into iron (see AV RVm; Che felt iron chains, compare Ew Ol Hup Pe; ᵑ7 Hi De and others iron came upon his soul); בָּא בַּיָּמִים come into (the) days, = advanced in age Gen 24:1; Josh 13:1; Josh 23:1 (all || זָקֵן); on 1Sam 17:12 see Dr.
2. come (approach, arrive) opposed to הָלַךְ Gen 16:8; 1Sam 20:21 (compare v1Sam 20:22) Neh 6:17; Eccl 5:14; Eccl 5:15 (of birth opposed to death); followed by אֶלֿ person or of thing Gen 14:7; Gen 37:23 followed by עַלֿ Exod 18:23; 2Chr 20:24 (come up upon, almost = ascend); compare also Lev 21:11; Num 6:6 followed by לְ 1Sam 9:12; 2Chr 29:17 followed by עַד Num 13:22; Judg 15:14; 2Sam 16:5 compare בָּאוּ בָנִים עַדמַֿשְׁבֵּר 2Kgs 19:3 = Isa 37:3 children have come to the birth; followed by עַד + אֶל 2Kgs 9:20 בָּא עַד אֲלֵיהֶם; followed by ָ  ה locative Judg 11:16; 2Kgs 6:4 followed by accusative 1Sam 4:12; 2Kgs 8:7; Jer 32:24 compare also Lam 1:4 בָּאֵי מוֺעֵד those coming to an appointed feast; absolute Gen 45:16 Joseph's brethren are come, & often; also of lifeless things, ark of ׳י 1Sam 4:6 wind Job 1:19 so כַּסְפְּכֶם בָּא אֵלָ֑י Gen 43:23 your money came unto me = I received your money; our inheritance has fallen to us Num 32:19 (with אֶלֿ); so 1Sam 9:16 its cry is come unto me, compare Gen 18:21; Exod 3:9; Lam 1:22 of time, often of imminent future, esp in phrase הִנֵּה יָמִים בָּאִים Isa 39:6 = 2Kgs 20:17; Jer 7:32; Jer 9:24; Jer 16:14; Jer 19:6 compare also 1Sam 26:10; Ezek 7:7 +; of day of ׳י Joel 2:1; Joel 3:4; Zech 14:1; Mal 3:2; Mal 3:19; Mal 3:23 also participle as adjective הַיָּמִים הַבָּאִים Eccl 2:16 compare Jer 47:4 as substantive הַבָּאוֺת Isa 41:22 things to come, future things; & הַבָּאִים alone = adverb in (days) to come Isa 27:6 particular
  a. come with, i.e. come, bringing, followed by אָבוֺא בֵיתְךָ בְעוֺלוֺת ׃בְּ Ps 66:13 ׳אָבוֺא בִּגְבֻרוֺת אדני י Ps 71:16 (|| אַזְכִּיר צִדְקָֽתְךָ) so Lev 16:3 & perhaps Prov 18:6 — compare בְּ III. 1. b. b. come upon, fall or light upon, of enemy, attack, followed by עַלֿ Gen 34:27; 1Sam 11:12 compare Gen 32:9 (followed by אֶלֿ); followed by suffix Job 15:21, so also Job 20:22; Ezek 32:11 of calamity, etc. Prov 10:24; Prov 28:22; Ps 44:18 (all with suffix); followed by לְ Job 3:25 (|| אתה with suffix) Isa 47:9 (|| בוא על); of blessing, followed by עַלֿ Josh 23:15 followed by suffix Job 22:21 (compare Di) Ps 119:41; Ps 77.
  c. come to pass, of signs, wonders, predictions, etc. Deut 13:3; Josh 23:14; 1Sam 9:6 (בּאֹ יָבאֹ) Isa 42:9; Jer 28:9; Prov 13:12; Job 6:8 +.
  d. Gen 6:13 קֵץ כָּלבָּֿשָׂר בָּא לְפָנַי perhaps has presented itself before me (see Kn), compare Lam 1:22 above & 2Chr 7:11 (where בוא for usual עלה); but perhaps (compare Di) has come to pass before me, i.e. in my mind it is already a fact.
  e. in phrase עַדבּֿוֺאֲךָ עַזָּה Judg 6:4 compare Judg 11:33; 1Sam 17:52; 2Sam 5:25; 1Kgs 18:46 (עַדבֹּֿאֲכָה) until thou comest to = as far as; so also בּוֺאֲךָ (בֹּאֲכָה) alone, = as far as, or in the direction of, Gen 10:19 (twice in verse); Gen 10:30; Gen 13:10; Gen 25:18; 1Sam 27:8 (all followed by ָ  ה locative) 1Sam 15:7 so לְבאֹ חֲמָת Num 13:21; Num 34:8; Ezek 48:1, compare Ezek 47:15 (in a different connection לָבוֺא אפרתה Gen 35:16; Gen 48:7); ׳עַד לְבוֺא ח Josh 13:5; Judg 3:3; 1Chr 13:5, compare 1Chr 5:9; 2Chr 26:8; Ezek 47:20 ׳מִלְּבוֺא ח Amos 6:14; 1Kgs 8:65; 2Kgs 14:25; 2Chr 7:8 of Isaac בָּא מִבּוֺא בְּאֵר לַחַי רֹאִיGen 24:62 (but text dubious) feminine attain to וְעַד הַשְּׁלשָׁה לֹא בָא 2Sam 23:19 = 1Chr 11:21.
  g. be enumerated הַבָּאִים בְּשֵׁמוֺת, literally those coming with names 1Chr 4:38.
3. go, i.e. walk, associate with (עִם) Ps 26:4, so with אֵת Prov 22:24 (compare הלך את Prov 13:20 & התהלך את Gen 5:22; Gen 5:24; Gen 6:9).
4. go (compare הלך) from speaker, but with limit of motion given Isa 22:15 לָךְבּֿאֹ אֶלֿ, so Ezek 3:4; Ezek 3:11; Gen 45:17 וּלְכוּבֿאֹוּ אַרְצָה כְּנָ֑עַן; 1Sam 22:5 לֵךְ וּבָאתָלְֿךָ אֶרֶץ יְהוּדָה; Isa 47:5; Jonah 1:3 אֳנִיָּה בָּאָה תַרְשִׁישׁ a ship going to Tarshish; go to war יָבאֹוּ לַמִּלְחָמָה Num 32:6. Hiph`il Perfect הֵבִיא Gen 4:4 +; suffix הֱבִיאַנִי Deut 9:4 +, etc.; 2 masculine singular הֵבֵיאתָ Isa 43:23, הֵבֵאתָ Gen 20:9 +, etc.; suffix הֲבִיאֹתַנִי 2Sam 7:18; 1Chr 17:16, הֲבִיאֹתָנוּ Num 16:14, הֲבֵתָנוּ Ps 66:11 1 singular הֵבֵאתִי Gen 31:39 +, והבאותי Jer 25:13 Kt (Qr וְהֵבֵאתִי); suffix וַהֲבִיאוֺתִיךָ Ezek 38:16 +, הֲבֵאתִיהָ Isa 37:26, etc.; 3 plural הֵבִיאוּ Gen 43:2 +; suffix הֱבִיאוּהוּ 2Chr 28:27 etc.; 2 masculine plural הֲבֵאתֶם Num 20:4 +; וַהֲבִיאֹתֶם 1Sam 16:17 1 plural suffix הֲבִיאֹנֻם Num 32:17 Imperfect (יָבִא) יָבִיא Lev 4:32 +, וַיָּבֵא Gen 2:19 +; suffix וַיְבִיאֵנִי Ezek 40:17, etc.; 2 masculine singular תָּבִיא Job 14:3 suffix תְּבִיאֵהוּ Jer 13:1, וַתְּבִיאֵם Neh 9:23, תְּבִאֵֹמוֺ Exod 15:17, אָבִיא Exod 11:1 + (אָבִי 1Kgs 21:29; Mic 1:15), etc.; Imperative הָבֵא Gen 43:16; Exod 4:6, הָבֵיא 1Sam 20:40, הָבִיאָה Gen 27:7 +; feminine singular הָבִיאִי 2Sam 13:10 +, etc.; Infinitive absolute הָבֵא Hag 1:6 construct הָבִיא Gen 18:19 +; Participle מֵבִיא Exod 10:14 +, מֵבִי 1Kgs 21:21 + 3 t., מְבִיאֲךָ Deut 8:7 plural מְבִיאִים (מְבִאִים) 1Kgs 10:25 +; construct מְבִאֵי Jer 17:26, מְבִיאֶיהָ Dan 11:6 —
1. cause to come in, bring in (conduct, lead, object persons and animals), followed by אֶלֿ Gen 6:19; Song 2:4; Song 3:4 followed by בְּ Lev 26:41; Ps 66:11 followed by לְ Judg 19:21; 1Sam 9:22 followed by לִפְנֵי Esth 1:11; Esth 1:17 followed by ָ  ה locative Gen 24:67; Gen 46:7 followed by הָ֯ + אֶלֿ Gen 19:10, followed by accusative (חֶדֶר) Song 1:4; 2Kgs 9:2 also bring, carry in (lifeless things), followed by אֶלֿ Num 31:54; Mal 3:10 followed by בְּ Jer 17:21 send, of sending (shooting) arrows (figurative) Lam 3:13 compare Lev 26:36 of sending breath (רוּחַ) into dry bones Ezek 37:5 (Co על); followed by לְ Neh 13:12 followed by ָ  ה locative Exod 26:33; 2Kgs 20:20 וַיָּבֵא אֶתהַֿמַּיִם הָעִ֑ירָה; followed by accusative (חֶדֶר) 2Sam 13:10 also 2Chr 15:18 (בֵּית); absolute 2Sam 6:17 particular
  a. opposed to הוֺצִיא (bring out) Deut 9:28 (followed by אֶלֿ); especially in combination with הוֺצִיא lead out and in (to and from battle) Num 27:17; 1Chr 11:2.
  b. bring in women as wives for sons (followed by מִן הַחוּץ) Judg 12:9 (opposed to שִׁלַּח הַחוּצָה).
  c. bring into judgment וְאֹתִי תָבִיא בְּמִשְׁפָּט עִמָּ֑ךְ Job 14:3 compare Eccl 11:9; Eccl 12:4.
  d. cause sun to go down Amos 8:9 (symbol of judgment).
  e. of harvest, bring in, gather 2Sam 9:10; Hag 1:6 (opposed to זרע) compare Neh 13:15. feminine put staves into (בְּ) rings Exod 25:14; Exod 37:5; Exod 38:7 compare Exod 26:11; Lev 14:42 hand into (בְּ) bosom Exod 4:6 (twice in verse); girdle into (בְּ) water Jer 13:1.
  g. other phrases, הֵבִיאוּ צַוָּ֯רָם בַּעֲבֹדַת אֲדֹנֵיהֶם Neh 3:5 put their necks to the work, etc.; figurative הביאו אתצֿואריכם בְּעֹל Jer 27:12 הָבִיאָה לַמּוּסָר לֵבֶּ֑ךָ Prov 23:12 apply to instruction thy heart; וְנָבִא לְבַב חָכְמָה Ps 90:12 that we may gain a heart of wisdom.
2. cause to come, bring, bring near, etc. (animate object), followed by אֶלֿ Gen 2:19; Gen 2:22; Gen 43:9; Lev 24:11; Num 5:15 often of bringing Israel to Canaan Exod 6:8; Exod 23:23 +, compare Isa 14:2; Isa 56:7; Neh 1:9 absolute Deut 4:38; Deut 6:23 followed by לְ Gen 39:14; Gen 39:17 followed by ָ  ה locative Ezek 12:13 followed by הֲלֹם Judg 18:3, & עַדהֲֿלֹם (figurative of Yahweh's prospering care) 2Sam 7:18 = 1Chr 17:16 absolute Gen 46:32 also with lifeless object, Gen 27:10 (followed by לְ), so 2Chr 36:7; Gen 31:39 (followed by אֶלֿ); followed by accusative 2Kgs 12:5; 2Chr 36:18; Dan 1:2 (twice in verse); followed by ָ  ה locative Exod 26:33; Jer 20:5 followed by לִפְנֵי 2Chr 24:14 of ravens bringing food 1Kgs 17:6 (followed by לְ); of bringing presents Gen 43:26; 1Sam 9:7; 1Sam 10:27 (all followed by לְ); compare 1Sam 17:18 especially offerings, followed by לְ Gen 4:3; Num 15:25; Neh 10:35; Neh 10:37 (לְבֵית), etc.; Lev 2:2 followed by אֶלֿ of priest; absolute Gen 4:4; Lev 4:32; Lev 23:14; Lev 23:15; Mal 1:13 (twice in verse); 2Chr 31:5 compare also Exod 35:21; Exod 35:22; Exod 35:23; Exod 35:24 (twice in verse); Exod 35:27; Exod 35:29 (followed by לְ for) so Exod 36:3 +; of time, cause a day to come Lam 1:21 cause cry to come (עַלֿ) Job 34:28 = carry בָּנַיִךְ בְּחֹצֶן ׳והב Isa 49:22 (|| עַלכָּֿתֵף נשׂא); carry God in (בְּ) the hand Job 12:6 (compare אֱלהַּ p. 43); allow to come, almost = invite Esth 5:12 (followed by אֶלֿ) compare vEsth 5:10 particular
  a. followed by עַלֿ bring against, or upon, bring enemies against Jer 25:9 compare Ezek 23:22 object sword Lev 26:25; Ezek 5:17; Ezek 11:8; Ezek 14:17; Ezek 33:2 plague Exod 11:1 curse or calamity Gen 27:12; Deut 29:26; 1Kgs 9:9 = 2Chr 7:22; Job 42:11 compare Jer 25:13; Jer 36:31; Jer 44:2; Jer 49:8; Jer 49:37; Ezek 14:22 sin Gen 20:9; Gen 26:10; Exod 32:21 compare also followed by אֶלֿ Jer 32:42; Jer 49:36.
  b. bring to pass 2Kgs 19:25 = Isa 37:26 compare 1Chr 4:10; Ps 78:29.
  c. bring, bring forward, bring on the scene Mic 1:15; Zech 3:8.
  d. bring for a purpose, followed by infinitive Ps 78:71 מֵאַחַר עָלוֺת הֱבִיאוֺ לִרְעוֺת בְּיַעֲקֹב עַמּוֺ.
  e. bring, procure בְּנַפְשֵׁנוּ נָבִיא לַחְמֵנוּ Lam 5:9. Hoph`al Perfect הוּבָא Lev 10:18 +; 3 feminine singular הֻבָאת Gen 33:11 (see below); 2 masculine singular הֻבָ֫אתָה Ezek 40:4 3 plural הוּבְאוּ Gen 43:18 Imperfect יוּבָא Lev 6:23 +, יוּבָ֑אוּ Jer 27:22 Participle מוּבָא 2Kgs 12:10 +; plural מוּבָאִים Gen 43:18; Ezek 30:11 + Ezek 23:42 (Co מרבדים), מוּבָאוֺת Ps 45:15 —
  a. be brought in (of person and things), absolute Gen 43:18 followed by בית into a house Gen 43:18 temple 2Kgs 12:5; 2Kgs 12:10; 2Kgs 12:14; 2Kgs 12:17; 2Kgs 22:4; 2Kgs 2:9; 2Kgs 2:14.
  b. be brought, followed by לְ Gen 33:11 (but ᵐ5 rd Hiph`il I have brought), Ps 45:15 followed by אֶלֿ unto Lev 6:23; Lev 10:18; Lev 13:2; Lev 13:9; Lev 14:2 compare Ezek 23:42 (but see Co VB); followed by הֵ֫נָּה Ezek 40:4 followed by בָּבֶ֫לָה Jer 27:22 followed by infinitive Lev 16:27; Ezek 30:11 followed by מִן Jer 10:9.
  c. be introduced, put, followed by בְּ, staves into rings Exod 27:7 vessel into water Lev 11:32.

come, came, brought, bring, in, …
bôʾ
to go or come (in a wide variety of applications)
  • to go in, enter, come, go, come in
    • (Qal)
      • to enter, come in
        • "to come
        • to come with
          • "to come upon, fall or light upon, attack (enemy)"to come to pass
        to attain to"to be enumerated"to go
      (Hiphil)
      • to lead in
        • "to carry in"to bring in, cause to come in, gather, cause to come, bring near, bring against, bring upon"to bring to pass
      (Hophal)
      • to be brought, brought in
        • "to be introduced, be put

מֵ אֶ֖רֶץ
מֵ
Prefix — preposition from, out of
אֶ֖רֶץ
Root word land, earth, ground, country, countries, …
Dictionary form: אֶרֶץ · eh-RETS

Noun — Common, both singular, absolute state

In the KJV here: land
the land ×425 the earth ×247 in the land ×246 of the earth ×197 of the land ×197 land ×130 out of the land ×66 in the earth ×43
More options
land — Best default; territory, region, or promised land.
earth — Prefer for cosmic or global scope (whole creation).
ground — Physical soil or surface; localized, tangible contexts.
country — Distinct nation-territory; political or ethnic emphasis.
region — Geographical area without strong political connotation.
world — Rare; only when universal scope is clearly intended.

BDB780 H776

BDB779 | BIBLICAL HEBREW | BDB781

אֶ֫רֶץ2407 noun feminineGen 10:11 & (seldom) masculineGen 13:16 earth, land (Phoenician, MI ארץ, Assyrian irƒitu COTGloss, Arabic , Sabean ארץֿ e.g. Os9 DHMZMG 1875, 594, 614; Semitic Sprachf. 12, compare PräBAS i. 374 n., Aramaic אֲרַע, ) — ׳א absolute Gen 1:24 +; construct Gen 2:11 +; אָ֑רֶץ Gen 1:10 +; with article always הָאָ֫רֶץ Gen 1:11 +; with ָ  ה locative אַ֫רְצָה Gen 11:31 +, (this form also in poetry = אֶרֶץ Job 34:13 +); suffix אַרְצִי Job 20:15 +; (אַרְצֶ֑ךָ) אַרְצְךָ Job 12:1 +, etc.; plural אֲרָצוֺת Jer 28:8 + 65 t.; construct אַרְצוֺת Ezek 39:27 + 6 t.; suffix אַרְצֹתָם Gen 10:5 + 2 t.; —

1. a. earth, whole earth (opposed to a part) Gen 18:18; Gen 18:25; Gen 22:18 (= הָאֲדָמָה Gen 12:3) Jer 25:26; Jer 25:29; Jer 25:30; Jer 26:6; Isa 37:16; Isa 37:20 = 2Kgs 19:15; 2Kgs 19:19; Zech 4:10; Zech 4:14 +.
  b. earth, opposed to heaven, sky Gen 1:2; Exod 20:4; Deut 5:8; Deut 30:19; Judg 5:4; Lam 2:1; Isa 37:16 = 2Kgs 19:15; Ps 146:6; 1Chr 21:16; 1Chr 29:11; 2Chr 2:11 +; as permanent Eccl 1:4 built on foundations, or pillars 1Sam 2:8; Ps 104:5; Job 38:4; Isa 48:13; Isa 51:13; Isa 51:16 compare also Isa 24:18; Ps 82:5 firm, so that its shaking is something terrible, & token of terrible power 1Sam 14:4; 2Sam 22:8 = Ps 18:8; Job 9:6 compare Ps 46:2 & vPs 46:6 so also Amos 8:8; Isa 2:19; Isa 2:21; Isa 24:18; Isa 24:19; Isa 24:20; Ps 60:4; Ps 77:19; Ps 99:1; Ps 114:7 as hung on nothing Job 26:7 with waters under it Exod 20:4 = Deut 5:8 compare Gen 7:11 personified, especially as addressed, called to witness, etc. Deut 32:1; Jer 6:19; Jer 22:29; Isa 1:2; Mic 1:2; Job 16:18.
  c. earth = inhabitants of earth Gen 6:11; 1Kgs 2:2; 1Kgs 10:24; Ps 33:8; Ps 66:4 + compare ׳תֵּבֵל א Prov 8:31; Job 37:12.
2. land =
  a. country, territory, שִׁנְעָר ׳א Gen 10:10, מִצְרַיִם ׳א Gen 21:21 compare also Gen 10:11; Gen 11:28; Gen 11:31; Gen 13:10; Gen 47:6; Gen 47:27; Gen 50:8; Isa 7:18; Isa 23:1; Isa 23:13; Isa 27:13; Ps 78:12; Jer 25:20; 1Chr 1:43 personified Isa 62:4; Eccl 10:16; Eccl 10:17.
  b. district, region Gen 19:28; Gen 22:2; Josh 11:3; Ps 42:7.
  c. tribal territory Deut 34:2; Judg 21:21; 1Sam 9:4; 1Sam 9:16; 1Sam 13:7; 1Kgs 15:20; Isa 8:23 and still smaller territories 1Sam 9:4; 1Sam 9:5.
  d. piece of ground Gen 23:15.
  e. specifically land of Canaan, or Israel Gen 11:31; Gen 12:1; Gen 12:5; Gen 12:6; Gen 12:7; Gen 31:3; Deut 17:14; Deut 18:9; 2Kgs 5:2; 2Kgs 5:4 +; especially object of יָרַשׁ possess Deut 3:20 + often Deuteronomy, Psalms and elsewhere; so after נָחַל Josh 19:49 +; נָתַן Deut 1:21 +. feminine = inhabitants land Lev 19:29; Ezek 14:13 + compare Deut 24:4; Zech 12:12 etc.
  g. used even of Sh®°ôl Job 10:21; Job 10:22 (compare Assyrian irƒit la târat, land without return, in Descent of Ishtar, see Jr10. 65); see also Ps 139:15; Isa 44:23.
3. a. ground, surface of ground = אֲדָמָה q. v. Gen 1:26; Gen 1:30; Gen 18:2; Gen 33:3; Gen 38:9; Exod 4:3; Exod 16:4; Ruth 2:10; 1Sam 5:4 + very often in Samuel.
  b. soil, as productive = אֲדָמָה Gen 1:11; Gen 1:12; Lev 19:9; Lev 25:9; Lev 26:4 compare Num 14:7; Num 14:8; Isa 36:7 = 2Kgs 18:32; Ps 72:6; Ps 72:16; Ps 107:34; Ps 107:35; Ezra 9:12; Neh 9:35.
4. אֶרֶץ in phrases:
  a. people of the land ׳עַםהָֿא of non-Israelites Gen 23:7; Gen 23:12; Gen 23:13 (P) Num 14:9 (JE); as well as Israel Lev 20:4 (H) 2Kgs 15:5; 2Kgs 16:15; 2Kgs 21:24 (twice in verse); especially common people, opposed to officials, princes Lev 4:27 (P) Ezek 7:27; 2Kgs 11:18; 2Kgs 11:19.
  b. in measurements of distance, ׳כִּבְרַת הָא the space or distance of country (see כּברה) Gen 35:16, so ׳כִּבְרַת א some distance Gen 48:7; 2Kgs 5:19.
  c. אֶרֶץ הַמִּישׁוֺר the country of the plain, level or plain country Deut 4:33; Jer 48:21 מִישׁוֺר ׳א figurative Ps 143:10 (but read אֹרַח ᵑ6 Bi Gr Che, compare Ps 27:11).
  d. חַיִּים ׳א land of the living Ps 27:13 הַחַיִּים ׳א Ps 142:6.
  e. ׳קְצֵה הָא end(s) of the earth Isa 42:10; Isa 43:6 (|| רָחוֺק) Ps 135:7; Prov 17:24, so ׳אַפְסֵי א Prov 30:4 +; ׳קְצוֺת הָא Isa 40:28; Isa 41:5; Isa 41:9.
5. plural אֲרָצוֺת is almost wholly late, Jer 16:15 + 6 t. Jeremiah; 23 t. Ezekiel; Isa 36:20; Isa 37:11 = 2Kgs 18:35; 2Kgs 19:11 (Isa 37:18 read הַגּוֺיִם see Che Di & compare 2Kgs 19:17); 22 t. Chronicles; Dan 9:7; Dan 11:40; Dan 11:42; Ps 105:44; Ps 106:27; Ps 107:3; Ps 116:9 besides these only P Gen 10:5; Gen 10:20; Gen 10:31; Lev 26:36; Lev 26:39, except Gen 26:3; Gen 26:4 (JR) Gen 41:54 (JE); it denotes lands, countries, often in contrast to Canaan, lands of the nations, etc., see especially absolute Ezek 20:32; Ezek 22:4 = the various petty divisions of Canaan afterward united under Israel's control Gen 26:3; Gen 26:4, compare 1Chr 13:2 אַרְצוֺת יִשְׂרָאֵל, 2Chr 11:23 אַרְצוֺת יְהוּדָה.

BDB9347 H772 H776

BDB9346 | BIBLICAL ARAMAIC | BDB9348

[אֲרַע]21 noun [feminine] earth (so ᵑ7 Syriac; = Biblical Hebrew אֶרֶץ, q. v.); — emphatic אַרְעָא Dan 2:35; Dan 2:39 + 16 t. Daniel; Ezra 5:11; Jer 10:11b; אַ֫רְעָא (D§§ 9, 5 a; 44, 1 n) = אֲרַע + ָ֯ of direction, earthward, i.e. downward, אַרְעָא מִנָּח Dan 2:39 Kt lower than thou, i.e. inferior to thee Qr אֲרַע (compare ᵑ7 אֲרַע מִן Ruth 4:4); — Jer 10:11a see [ אֲרַק].

land, earth, ground, country, countries, …
ʾereṣ
the earth (at large, or partitively a land)
  • land, earth
    • earth
      • whole earth (as opposed to a part)
        • "earth (as opposed to heaven)"earth (inhabitants)
      land
      • country, territory
        • "district, region"tribal territory"piece of ground"land of Canaan, Israel"inhabitants of land"Sheol, land without return, (under) world"city, city-state
      ground, surface of the earth
      • ground
        • "soil
      (in phrases)
      • people of the land
        • "space or distance of country (in measurements of distance)"level or plain country"land of the living"end(s) of the earth
      (almost wholly late in usage)
      • lands, countries
        • often in contrast to Canaan

נוֹרָאָֽה
נוֹרָאָֽה
Root word fear, afraid, feared, terrible, dreadful, …
Dictionary form: יָרֵא · yaw-RAY

Verb — Niphal, Participle Active, feminine singular, absolute state passive or reflexive — "it was done" / "he did it to himself" ongoing action — try "___ing" or "one who ___s"

In the KJV here: from a terrible
fear ×65 afraid ×22 feared ×15 be afraid ×9 to fear ×9 and fear ×8 and terrible ×7 be not afraid ×7
More options
fear — Most versatile; covers dread, awe, and reverence.
be afraid — Emphasizes emotional alarm or fright in context.
revere — Prefer when object is God or a figure of honor.
stand in awe — Captures worshipful wonder; slightly more formal.
dread — Stresses deep, weighty terror rather than passing alarm.
hold in reverence — Good for cultic or relational respect contexts.

BDB3708 H3372 H3373

BDB3707 | BIBLICAL HEBREW | BDB3709

יָרֵא verb fear (Late Hebrew id.; Assyrian îrû, id.; Hpt KAT2, Gloss i., COTGloss) —

Qal328 Perfect ׳יר Gen 19:30 + 14 t.; 3 feminine יָ˜רְאָה Jer 3:8; Ps 76:9 יָרֵ֑אָה Gen 18:15 plural 2 masculine יְרֵאתֶם Num 12:8 + 2 t.; + 23 t. Perfect; Imperfect יִירָא Amos 3:8 + 3 t.; וַיִּירָא Gen 28:17 + 5 t.; וַיִּרָא Jer 26:21 + 5 t.; plural (יִָֽרְאוּ) יִירְאוּ Jer 23:4 +; יִרָאוּן Deut 13:12, +, etc.; 136 t. Imperfect; Imperative יְרָא Prov 3:7 + 3 t.; יְראוּ Josh 24:14 + 2 t.; Infinitive construct יְרֹא Josh 22:25 לֵרֹא 1Sam 18:29 (Ges«GKC:69»§ 69, R. i.); לְיִרְאָה Deut 4:10 + 13 t.; suffix יִרְאָתוֺ 2Sam 3:11 יִרְאָתָם Isa 29:13 יְרָאתֶם Josh 4:24 (read יִרְאָתָם Bö§ 1081 a Ew337 b Di etc.); Participle יָרֵא Gen 32:12 + 15 t.; construct יְרֵא Gen 22:12 + 10 t.; plural יְרֵאִים Jer 42:11 + 6 t.; construct יִרְאֵי Exod 18:21 + 12 t.; feminine construct יִרְאַת Prov 31:30 —
1. fear, be afraid (not in P):
  a. absolute Gen 3:10; Gen 18:15; Gen 32:8; Gen 43:18; Exod 14:10 (J), Gen 20:8; Gen 28:17; Gen 42:35; Exod 2:14; Josh 10:2 (E), Deut 20:8; Deut 31:8; Judg 7:3; Judg 8:20; 1Sam 4:7; 1Sam 17:11; 1Sam 17:24; 1Sam 23:3; 1Sam 28:5; 1Sam 31:4 = 1Chr 10:4; 2Kgs 10:4; 2Chr 20:3; Neh 2:2; Neh 6:13; Isa 54:14; Jer 3:8; Jer 23:4; Jer 26:21; Amos 3:8; Jonah 1:5; Jonah 1:10; Ps 27:3; Ps 46:3; Ps 49:6 (but Bae reads ראה) Ps 56:4; Ps 56:5; Ps 56:12; Ps 64:5; Ps 65:10; Ps 76:9; Ps 112:8; Ps 118:6; Prov 14:16; Job 6:21; Job 11:15 אַלתִּֿירָא(יו׳ּׅ fear not Gen 15:1; Gen 21:17; Gen 35:17; Gen 50:19; Gen 50:21; Exod 20:20; Josh 10:25 (E), Gen 26:24; Gen 43:23; Exod 14:13; Josh 8:1 (J), Deut 1:21; Deut 20:3; Deut 31:6; Judg 4:18; Judg 6:23; 1Sam 4:20; 1Sam 12:20; 1Sam 22:23; 1Sam 23:17; 1Sam 28:13; 2Sam 9:7; 2Sam 13:28; 1Kgs 17:13; 2Kgs 6:16; 1Chr 22:13; 1Chr 28:20; 2Chr 20:17; Isa 7:4; Isa 35:4; Isa 40:9; Isa 41:10; Isa 41:13; Isa 41:14; Isa 43:1; Isa 43:5; Isa 44:2; Isa 54:4; Jer 30:10; Jer 46:27; Jer 46:28; Joel 2:21; Joel 2:22; Zeph 3:16; Hag 2:5; Zech 8:13; Zech 8:15; Ps 49:17; Lam 3:57; Dan 10:12; Dan 10:19; Ruth 3:11 ׳יִשְׁמְעוּ וי hear and fear Deut 13:12; Deut 17:13; Deut 19:20; Deut 21:21 ׳(י)ראו וי see and fear Ps 40:4; Ps 52:8; Isa 41:5; Zech 9:5.
  b. with accusative of thing or person Num 14:9 (twice in verse) (J), Num 21:34 (E), Deut 3:2; Deut 3:22; Judg 6:27; 1Sam 15:24; 2Sam 3:11; 1Kgs 1:51; Isa 8:12; Isa 51:7; Isa 57:11; Ezek 3:9; Ezek 11:8; Hab 3:2 (accusative פעלךָ in corrected rhythm), Ps 23:4; Dan 1:10 accusative of God (׳י) 1Sam 12:18; 2Sam 6:9 = 1Chr 13:12; Isa 57:11; Jer 5:22; Jonah 1:16; Job 9:35; Job 37:24.
  c. with מִן be afraid of, Deut 1:29; Deut 2:4; Deut 7:18; Deut 20:1; Deut 28:10; Josh 10:8 (D) 1Sam 28:20; 2Kgs 25:24; Isa 10:24; Isa 51:12; Jer 10:5; Jer 42:11; Jer 42:16; Ezek 2:6 (3 t. in verse); Mic 7:17; Ps 3:7; Ps 27:1; Ps 65:9; Ps 91:5; Ps 112:7; Ps 119:120; Prov 3:25; Prov 31:21; Job 5:21; Job 5:22; Eccl 12:5 with מִפְּנֵי Deut 5:5; Deut 7:19; Josh 9:24; Josh 11:6 (D), 1Sam 7:7; 1Sam 18:29; 1Sam 21:23; 1Kgs 1:50; 2Kgs 1:15; 2Kgs 19:6 (= Isa 37:6) 2Kgs 25:26; 2Chr 20:15; 2Chr 32:7; Neh 4:8; Jer 1:8; Jer 41:18; Jer 42:11 (twice in verse); מִלִּפְנֵי 1Sam 18:12, with בְּ because of, for Jer 51:46.
  d. with infinitive and לְ fear to do a thing Gen 19:30; Gen 26:7 (J), Num 12:8 (E), Judg 7:10; 2Sam 1:14; 2Sam 10:19; 2Sam 12:18 with infin. and מִן, afraid of doing Gen 46:3; Exod 3:6 (E), 1Sam 3:15; Jer 40:9; Job 32:6.
  e. with פֶּן fear lest Gen 31:31 (E) Gen 32:12 (J).
2. stand in awe of, with מן and infinitive וַיִּירְאוּ מִגֶּשֶׁת אֵלָיו Exod 34:30 (P) and they stood in awe of drawing nigh unto him; יִירְאוּ מֵיהוה ׳וגו Ps 33:8 let all the earth stand in awe of Yahweh; וְיָרֵאתָ מֵאֱלהֶיךָ and thou shalt stand in awe of thy God Lev 19:14; Lev 19:32; Lev 25:17; Lev 25:36; Lev 25:43 (all H); with מִפְּנֵי, of the king Solomon 1Kgs 3:28 ׳מִפְּנֵי י אלהים Exod 9:30 (J?); ׳מפני י Hag 1:12 מלפני (אלהיםׅ ׳י stand in awe before (God) Eccl 3:14; Eccl 8:12; Eccl 8:13.
3. fear, reverence, honour, e.g. parents Lev 19:3 (H), Moses and Joshua Josh 4:14 (twice in verse), the oath 1Sam 14:26; Eccl 9:2, commandment Prov 13:13, the sanctuary Lev 19:30; Lev 26:2 (H), other gods Judg 6:10; 2Kgs 17:7; 2Kgs 17:35; 2Kgs 17:37; 2Kgs 17:38 elsewhere of God:
  a. absolute Jer 44:10.
  b. with accusative (ה)אלהים Gen 22:12; Gen 42:18; Exod 1:17; Exod 1:21; Exod 18:21 (E), Deut 25:18; Ps 55:20; Ps 66:16; Job 1:1; Job 1:8; Job 1:9; Job 2:3; Eccl 5:6; Eccl 7:18; Eccl 8:12; Eccl 12:13; יהוה ׳יר Exod 14:31 (J), Josh 22:25 (P), Josh 24:14 (E), 1Sam 12:14; 1Sam 12:24; 1Kgs 18:3; 1Kgs 18:12; 2Kgs 4:1; 2Kgs 17:25; 2Kgs 17:28; 2Kgs 17:32; 2Kgs 17:33; 2Kgs 17:34; 2Kgs 17:41; Isa 50:10; Jer 5:24; Jer 26:19; Hos 10:3; Jonah 1:9; Mal 3:16 (twice in verse); Ps 15:4; Ps 22:24; Ps 25:12; Ps 34:10; Ps 112:1; Ps 115:11; Ps 115:13; Ps 118:4; Ps 128:1; Ps 128:4; Ps 135:20; Prov 3:7; Prov 14:2; Prov 24:21; Prov 31:30 אֱלֹהֶיךָ ׳י ׳יר (and other suffixes) Deut 6:2; Deut 6:13; Deut 6:24; Deut 10:12; Deut 10:20; Deut 14:23; Deut 17:19; Deut 31:12; Deut 31:13; Josh 4:24 (D), 2Kgs 17:39 with suffixes referring to Yahweh or Elohim Deut 4:10; Deut 5:26; Deut 8:6; Deut 13:5; 1Kgs 8:40; 1Kgs 8:43 = 2Chr 6:31; 2Chr 6:33; 2Kgs 17:36; Isa 25:3; Isa 29:13; Jer 10:7; Jer 32:39; Mal 2:5; Mal 3:5; Zeph 3:7; Ps 22:26; Ps 25:14; Ps 31:20; Ps 33:18; Ps 34:8; Ps 34:10; Ps 60:6; Ps 67:8; Ps 72:5; Ps 85:10; Ps 103:11; Ps 103:13; Ps 103:17; Ps 111:5; Ps 119:63; Ps 119:74; Ps 119:79; Ps 145:19; Ps 147:11 ׳הַיָּרֵא אֶתדְּֿבַר י Exod 9:20 he that feared the word of Yahweh (J); the name (of Yahweh) Deut 28:58; Isa 59:19; Mal 3:20; Ps 61:6; Ps 86:11; Ps 102:16; Neh 1:11.

Niph`al45 Imperfect 2 masculine תִּוָּרֵא Ps 130:4 Participle נוֺרָא Gen 28:17 + 33 t.; feminine נוֺרָאָה Isa 21:1 plural נוֺרָאוֺת Isa 64:2 + 5 t.; נוֺרָאֹת Deut 10:21 נֹרָאוֺת 2Sam 7:23 suffix נוֺרְאוֺתֶיךָ Ps 145:6 —

1. be fearful, dreadful, e.g. wilderness Deut 1:19; Deut 8:15, land Isa 21:1, people Isa 18:2; Isa 18:7; Hab 1:7, ice (in simile) ׳כְּעֵין הַקֶּרַח הנ Ezek 1:22 (strike out ᵐ5 Co).
2. cause astonishment and awe: of Yahweh himself Ps 47:3; Ps 68:36; Ps 76:8 נוֺרָא תְהִלֹּת awe-inspiring in praises Exod 15:11 (song); עַלאֿלוהּ נוֺרָא הוֺד awe-inspiring majesty (is) upon Eloah Job 37:22 with לְ, to kings of the earth Ps 76:13 with על of hostile nations Zeph 2:11 of ׳י's doings Exod 34:10 (J) Ps 66:3; Ps 66:5 (ה)נוראות wonderful, glorious things, of Messianic king Ps 45:5 of Yahweh himself Deut 10:21; 2Sam 7:23 = 1Chr 17:21; Isa 64:2; Ps 106:22; Ps 145:6 ׳נו adverbially in Ps 65:6; Ps 139:14 Ges«GKC:118»§ 118. 5. b DaSynt. § 70(b); הגדול והנורא ׳יוֺם י the great and awful day of Yahweh Joel 3:4; Mal 3:23 compare Joel 2:11.
3. inspire reverence, godly fear, and awe:
  a. as attribute of God, לְמַעַן תִּוָּרֵא that thou mightest be revered Ps 130:4 (ה)גָּדוֺל ו(ה)נוֺרָא (the) great and awful (God) Deut 7:21; Deut 10:17; Neh 1:5; Neh 4:8; Neh 9:32; with עַל, above all gods Ps 96:4 = 1Chr 16:25 above the angels round about him Ps 89:8.
  b. of the name of Yahweh Deut 28:58; Ps 99:3; Ps 111:9; Mal 1:14.
  c. of sacred things: מלאךְ האלהים Judg 13:6 place of theophany Gen 28:17 (E).

Piel.5 Perfect 3 masculine suffix יֵָֽרְאֻנִי 2Sam 14:15 Infinitive suffix לְיָָֽרְאֵנִי Neh 6:19 לְיָֽרְאָם 2Chr 32:18 Participle plural מְיָָֽרְאִים Neh 6:9; Neh 6:14 make afraid, terrify, with accusative

BDB9812 H6399 H3372 H6342

BDB9811 | BIBLICAL ARAMAIC | BDB9813

[פְּלַח] verb pay reverence to, serve (deity) (compare Assyrian palâ—u, fear, revere (and Biblical Hebrew יָרֵא, פָּחַד etc.); Egyptian Aramaic פלח worship Lzb351; ᵑ7 פְּלַח serve, Syriac ; Palmyrene פלחא soldier); —

Pe`al
1. pay reverence to deity (usually ל accusative): imperfect 3 masculine plural יִפְלְחין Dan 3:28; Dan 7:14; Dan 7:27 so Participle active פָּלַח Dan 6:17; Dan 6:21, plural פָּֽלְחִין Dan 3:12; Dan 3:14; Dan 3:18, and (accusative of deity) vDan 3:17.
2. plural construct as noun פָּֽלְחֵי בֵית אֱלָהָא Ezra 7:24 servants of the house of God ( + priests, Nethinim, etc.).

fear, afraid, feared, terrible, dreadful, …
yārēʾ
to fear; morally to revere; causatively to frighten
  • to fear, revere, be afraid
    • (Qal)
      • to fear, be afraid
        • "to stand in awe of, be awed"to fear, reverence, honor, respect
      (Niphal)
      • to be fearful, be dreadful, be feared
        • "to cause astonishment and awe, be held in awe"to inspire reverence or godly fear or awe
      (Piel) to make afraid, terrify

The cantillation accents are the Masoretes' punctuation: each group below ends at a pausing accent. Translate a group as one unit.
מַשָּׂ֖א Tipeha — a lesser break מִדְבַּר יָ֑ם Etnahta — the verse's main pause — take a breath here כְּסוּפ֤וֹת בַּנֶּ֙גֶב֙ Pashta — a lesser break לַֽחֲלֹ֔ף Zaqef Qatan — a strong break מִמִּדְבָּ֣ר בָּ֔א Zaqef Qatan — a strong break מֵאֶ֖רֶץ Tipeha — a lesser break נוֹרָאָֽה Silluq — end of the verse

מַשָּׂא מִדְבַּר-יָם כְּסוּפוֹת בַּנֶּגֶב לַֽחֲלֹף מִמִּדְבָּר בָּא מֵאֶרֶץ נוֹרָאָֽה׃
1
The burden of the desert of the sea. As whirlwinds in the south pass through; so it cometh from the desert, from a terrible land.
Cross References

Isaiah 14:23

וְשַׂמְתִּיהָ לְמוֹרַשׁ קִפֹּד וְאַגְמֵי-מָיִם וְטֵֽאטֵאתִיהָ בְּמַטְאֲטֵא הַשְׁמֵד נְאֻם יְהוָה צְבָאֽוֹת׃
23
I will also make it a possession for the bittern, and pools of water: and I will sweep it with the besom of destruction, saith the LORD of hosts.

Isaiah 13:1

מַשָּׂא בָּבֶל אֲשֶׁר חָזָה יְשַׁעְיָהוּ בֶּן-אָמֽוֹץ׃
1
The burden of Babylon, which Isaiah the son of Amoz did see.

Jeremiah 51:42

עָלָה עַל-בָּבֶל הַיָּם בַּהֲמוֹן גַּלָּיו נִכְסָֽתָה׃
42
The sea is come up upon Babylon: she is covered with the multitude of the waves thereof.

Zechariah 9:14

וַֽיהוָה עֲלֵיהֶם יֵֽרָאֶה וְיָצָא כַבָּרָק חִצּוֹ וַֽאדֹנָי יְהוִֹה בַּשּׁוֹפָר יִתְקָע וְהָלַךְ בְּסַעֲרוֹת תֵּימָֽן׃
14
And the LORD shall be seen over them, and his arrow shall go forth as the lightning: and the Lord GOD shall blow the trumpet, and shall go with whirlwinds of the south.

Isaiah 17:1

מַשָּׂא דַּמָּשֶׂק הִנֵּה דַמֶּשֶׂק מוּסָר מֵעִיר וְהָיְתָה מְעִי מַפָּלָֽה׃
1
The burden of Damascus. Behold, Damascus is taken away from being a city, and it shall be a ruinous heap.

Isaiah 13:20

לֹֽא-תֵשֵׁב לָנֶצַח וְלֹא תִשְׁכֹּן עַד-דּוֹר וָדוֹר וְלֹֽא-יַהֵל שָׁם עֲרָבִי וְרֹעִים לֹא-יַרְבִּצוּ שָֽׁם׃
20
It shall never be inhabited, neither shall it be dwelt in from generation to generation: neither shall the Arabian pitch tent there; neither shall the shepherds make their fold there.

Job 37:9

מִן-הַחֶדֶר תָּבוֹא סוּפָה וּֽמִמְּזָרִים קָרָֽה׃
9
Out of the south cometh the whirlwind: and cold out of the north.

Isaiah 13:4

קוֹל הָמוֹן בֶּֽהָרִים דְּמוּת עַם-רָב קוֹל שְׁאוֹן מַמְלְכוֹת גּוֹיִם נֶֽאֱסָפִים יְהוָה צְבָאוֹת מְפַקֵּד צְבָא מִלְחָמָֽה׃
4
The noise of a multitude in the mountains, like as of a great people; a tumultuous noise of the kingdoms of nations gathered together: the LORD of hosts mustereth the host of the battle.

Daniel 11:40

וּבְעֵת קֵץ יִתְנַגַּח עִמּוֹ מֶלֶךְ הַנֶּגֶב וְיִשְׂתָּעֵר עָלָיו מֶלֶךְ הַצָּפוֹן בְּרֶכֶב וּבְפָרָשִׁים וּבָאֳנִיּוֹת רַבּוֹת וּבָא בַאֲרָצוֹת וְשָׁטַף וְעָבָֽר׃
40
And at the time of the end shall the king of the south push at him: and the king of the north shall come against him like a whirlwind, with chariots, and with horsemen, and with many ships; and he shall enter into the countries, and shall overflow and pass over.

Ezekiel 31:12

וַיִּכְרְתֻהוּ זָרִים עָרִיצֵי גוֹיִם וַֽיִּטְּשֻׁהוּ אֶל-הֶהָרִים וּבְכָל-גֵּאָיוֹת נָפְלוּ דָלִיּוֹתָיו וַתִּשָּׁבַרְנָה פֹֽרֹאתָיו בְּכֹל אֲפִיקֵי הָאָרֶץ וַיֵּרְדוּ מִצִּלּוֹ כָּל-עַמֵּי הָאָרֶץ וַֽיִּטְּשֻֽׁהוּ׃
12
And strangers, the terrible of the nations, have cut him off, and have left him: upon the mountains and in all the valleys his branches are fallen, and his boughs are broken by all the rivers of the land; and all the people of the earth are gone down from his shadow, and have left him.

Ezekiel 30:11

הוּא וְעַמּוֹ אִתּוֹ עָרִיצֵי גוֹיִם מֽוּבָאִים לְשַׁחֵת הָאָרֶץ וְהֵרִיקוּ חַרְבוֹתָם עַל-מִצְרַיִם וּמָלְאוּ אֶת-הָאָרֶץ חָלָֽל׃
11
He and his people with him, the terrible of the nations, shall be brought to destroy the land: and they shall draw their swords against Egypt, and fill the land with the slain.

Isaiah 13:17

הִנְנִי מֵעִיר עֲלֵיהֶם אֶת-מָדָי אֲשֶׁר-כֶּסֶף לֹא יַחְשֹׁבוּ וְזָהָב לֹא יַחְפְּצוּ-בֽוֹ׃
17
Behold, I will stir up the Medes against them, which shall not regard silver; and as for gold, they shall not delight in it.
Read Isaiah 21
Isaiah 21:2