Isaiah 3:13

נִצָּ֥ב לָרִ֖יב יְהוָ֑ה וְעֹמֵ֖ד לָדִ֥ין עַמִּֽים

The LORD standeth up to plead, and standeth to judge the people.

Select a Hebrew word above to see its details.

נִצָּ֥ב

Root word stood, set, stand, up, officers, …

Dictionary form: נָצַב · naw-TSAHB

Verb — Niphal, Participle Active, masculine singular, absolute state passive or reflexive — "it was done" / "he did it to himself" ongoing action — try "___ing" or "one who ___s"

In the KJV here: standeth up

stood ×5 officers ×4 stand ×4 and set ×3 he stood ×3 standing ×3 that stood ×3 and set up ×2

More options

stand — Core meaning; use for stationary or upright posture.

take a stand — Emphatic; implies deliberate positioning or confrontation.

be stationed — Best for guards, officers, or assigned posts.

be set up — Use for erected objects, pillars, or monuments.

be appointed — Fits administrative or official contexts (officers, deputies).

be established — For permanent or authoritative placement or decree.

BDB2218 H5324

הֻצַּב Nah 2:8 dubious; perhaps textual error; see נצב.

הַצָּלָה see below נצל.

BDB5316 H5324

נָצַב verb Niph`al take one's stand, stand (Late Hebrew נִצָּב id. (rare), הַצָּבָה noun taking a stand; Phoenician (Punic) נצב, מנצבת, מצבת monument Lzb³²⁵; Nabataean, Palmyrene נצב set up; Zinjirli id., statue, all Lzb³²⁵ Cook⁸²; Palmyrene מצבא image, Nabataean נצב id., DHM^{VOJ viii (1894), 12}, compare Lzb^l.c.; perhaps Assyrian naƒâbu Tel Amarna, Wkl^{TA 24*b}; Aramaic נְצַב, ; Arabic set up, erect, sign, mark, way-mark; Sabean נצב cippus CIS^{iv. 23} SabDenkm⁹⁵ DHM^{ZMG xxx (1876), 115 f.} Derenb^{Jas, 1883, Aug.-Sept. 244}; Minaean מצב statue (= מנצב HOM^{Südar. Chrest. 128}); —

Niph`al Perfect 3 feminine singular נִצְּבָה Ps 45:10, נִצָּ֫בָה Gen 37:7; Prov 8:2 2 masculine singular וְנִצַּבְתָּ֫ Exod 7:15 + 2 t.; 3 plural נִצְּבוּ Exod 15:8, וְנִצְּבוּ consecutive Exod 33:8 Participle נִצָּב Gen 24:13 +, feminine נִצָּבָה Zech 11:16 נִצֶּ֫בֶת 1Sam 1:26 masculine plural נִצָּבִים Exod 5:20 +; feminine plural נִצָּבוֺת 1Sam 1:26 —

1. a. station oneself, take one's stand, for definite purpose, with עַל location (by, on) Gen 24:13; Gen 24:43; Gen 28:13; Exod 7:15; Exod 33:21; Exod 34:2 (all J), Exod 17:9; Exod 18:14 (E), Num 23:6; Num 23:17 (JE); Amos 7:7; Amos 9:1; Prov 8:2 of ׳י Isa 3:13 taketh his stand to plead; with ב location Exod 5:20; Ps 82:1 (of God), compare Num 22:23; Num 22:31; Num 22:34 עִמְּכָה ׳נ 1Sam 1:26 ׳לִפְנֵי י Deut 29:9 with פֶתַח Num 16:27 (JE), Judg 18:16; Judg 18:17 absolute Lam 2:4 (on text see Löhr).
b. stand = be stationed (by appointment, or in fulfilment of duty), with עַל person (sitting or lying) Gen 45:1; 1Sam 4:20; 1Sam 22:6; 1Sam 22:7; 1Sam 22:17 לְַמִֿשְׁמַרְתַּי ׳נ Isa 21:8 stand at my watchman's post (|| עֹמֵד); לִמִינְךָ Ps 45:10 absolute 2Sam 13:31.
c. take an upright position, stand, ׳יָקוּמוּ וְנ Exod 33:8 (E; + פֶּתַח location), compare Gen 37:7 (E; of sheaf); of waters, כְמוֺנֵֿד ׳נ Exod 15:8 (song).

2. be stationed = appointed over (על), 1Sam 22:9; Ruth 2:5; Ruth 2:6 with Samuel presiding over (על) them 1Sam 19:20. Hence

3. Participle as substantive deputy, prefect (as appointed, deputed), only 1Kgs 4:5; 1Kgs 4:7; 1Kgs 5:7; 1Kgs 5:30; 1Kgs 9:23; 2Chr 8:10 (all of Solomon's officers; so also 2Chr 8:10 Qr, < Kt נציב), 1Kgs 22:48 (of Edom).

4. stand firm, figurative כָּלאָֿדָם נִצָּב Ps 39:6 every man, (even) the firm-standing, is wholly vanity (but expression strange, and text dubious); בַּשָּׁמָ֑יִם ׳נ Ps 119:89 (of ׳י's word); that which stands firm Zech 11:16 (Israel under figure of sheep), but dubious; We GASm leave untranslated; Now proposes הַנַּחֲלָה diseased.

Hiph`il Perfect הִצִּיב 1Kgs 16:34 2 masculine singular הִצַּבְתָּ Gen 21:29; Ps 74:17 3 masculine plural הִצִּ֫יבוּ Jer 5:26 Imperfect יַצִּיב Josh 6:26, יַצֵּב Deut 32:8 (dubious; in poetry for ׳וַיּ Ew^{§ 233a} Di; rhythmical shortening Ges^{«GKC:109k»§ 109k}; read יַצִּב Dr Da^{Synt. p. 94}), וַיַּצֶּבֿ 2Sam 18:18 suffix וַיַּצִּיבֵ֫נוּ Lam 3:12 Imperative feminine singular הַצִּ֫יבִי Jer 31:21 Infinitive construct הַצִּיב 1Sam 13:21; 1Chr 18:3 Participle מַצִּיב 1Sam 15:12 (but read הִצִּיב ᵐ5 We Dr Bu Kit HPS): —

1. station, set: with accusative, ewes Gen 21:28; Gen 28:29 (E; לְבַד apart), trap Jer 5:26 figurative set me before thee (לְפָנֶיךָ) Ps 41:13 set me as a target Lam 3:12.

2. set up, erect pillar (מַצֵּבָה) Gen 35:14; Gen 35:20 (E), 2Sam 18:18, + אֲשֵׁרִים 2Kgs 17:10 altar Gen 33:20 (E), stone-heap 2Sam 18:17 monument (יַד) 1Sam 15:12 city-gates (with ב), Josh 6:26 (JE) = 1Kgs 16:34.

3. cause to stand erect, waters, כְּמוֺנֵֿד Ps 78:13 (compare Qal Exod 15:8).

4. fix, establish boundary (subject ׳י) Deut 32:8; Ps 74:17; Prov 15:15 dominion (יַדׅ 1Chr 18:3 (of king). — 1Sam 13:21 is dubious; AV sharpen, RV set; Kit 'gerade machen'; Klo נִצַּב substantive, see below; compare HPS.

Hoph`al Perfect 3 masculine singular הֻצַּב Nah 2:8 it is fixed, determined (Kl Or), but very dubious; perhaps proper name, or epithet, of queen, compare We Now GASm, q. v.; Participle סֻלָּם נֻצּב אַ֫רְצָה Gen 28:12 (E) a ladder set up on the earth; ׳אֵלוֺן מ Judg 9:6, read אֵלוֺן הַמַּצֵּבָה GFM, see below — compare also יצב Hithpa`el

BDB5324 H4676 H4678 H5324

מַצֵּבָה, מַצֶּ֫בֶת noun feminine pillar, maƒƒ¢b¹, stump; — absolute מַצֵּבָה Hos 3:4 +,מַצֶּ֫בֶת 2Sam 18:18 a (read ׳הַמּ ᵐ5 Dr Bu Kit), v2Sam 18:18 b Isa 6:13, construct מַצְּבַת 2Kgs 3:2; 2Kgs 10:27, מַצֶּ֫בֶת Gen 35:14; Gen 35:20 suffix מַצַּבְתָּהּ Isa 6:13 plural absolute מַצֵּבוֺת 1Kgs 14:28, construct מַצְּבוֺת 2Kgs 10:26, etc.; —

1. a. pillar, as monument, personal memorial 2Sam 18:18 (twice in verse).
b. a stone, set up (שׂים, הציב), and anointed as memorial of divine appearance Gen 28:18; Gen 28:22; Gen 31:13 (all E), Gen 35:14 (J); so also Gen 33:20 (E), where insert ׳מ, or read ׳מ for ᵑ0 מִזְבֵּחַ (We Di Now^{Archaeology ii.18}), set up (שׂים), הרים, חציב in token of an agreement Gen 31:45; Gen 31:51; Gen 31:52 (twice in verse) (all E); over grave Gen 35:20 (twice in verse)
c. especially of sacred stones or pillars in connection with altar, erected (בנה) by Moses Exod 24:4 (E; 12 pillars), Hos 3:4; Hos 10:1; Hos 10:2; Isa 19:19 conjecture also 2Kgs 12:10 for ᵑ0 מִזְבֵּחַ Sta^{ZAW v (1885), 296} Now^{Archaeology l.c.}, but dubious, see Benz^{on the passage}; (usually + אֲשֵׁרִים etc.): of Canaanites Exod 23:24 (E), Exod 34:13 (J), Deut 7:5; Deut 12:3 compare הַבַּלְַ ׳מ 2Kgs 3:2; 2Kgs 10:26; 2Kgs 10:27 Tyre, עֻזֵּךְ ׳מ, Ezek 26:11, of obelisks of Heliopolis in Egypt; condemned for Israel by Deuteronomic code, and Deuteronomist redaction of Kings: Deut 16:22; 2Kgs 14:23; 2Kgs 17:10; 2Kgs 18:4; 2Kgs 23:14; 2Chr 14:2; 2Chr 31:1 compare Mic 5:12; Lev 26:1 (H). — On maƒƒ¢b¹ see further Now^{Archaeology ii.18 f.} Benz^{Archaeology 380 f.} Dr^{Deut 16:21f.} We^{Skizzen iii.99,165} RS^{Sem.i.184 ff. 437.f; 2d ed. 204 ff. 456 f.; K. 50}.

**On this see also Lagrange^{Études Bibl. 197 ff.} and review by Bau^{ZMG lvii (1903), 830}; also GFM^{EB MASSEBAH} Sta^{Bib. Theol. i. § 55} OCWhitehouse^{Hast. DB PILLAR}. — Judg 9:6 see [ נָצַב]

Hoph`al 2. stock, stump of tree Isa 6:13 a (in simile), so vIsa 6:13 b (figurative; but probably strike out as gloss).

BDB9716 H5324 H5326

[נִצְבָּה] noun feminine firmness (see Biblical Hebrew נצב); — emphatic נִצְבְּתָא Dan 2:41.

stood, set, stand, up, officers, …

nāṣab

to station, in various applications (literally or figuratively)

to stand, take one's stand, stand upright, be set (over), establish

(Niphal)

to station oneself, take one's stand

to station, set

לָ רִ֖יב

לָ

Prefix — preposition to, for

רִ֖יב

Root word plead, strive, contend, contended, chide, …

Dictionary form: רִיב · reeb

Verb — Qal, Infinitive Construct, construct state simple action — "he did" try "to ___" or "___ing"

In the KJV here: to plead

plead ×10 contend ×3 strive ×3 and plead ×2 chide ×2 will plead ×2 and chode ×1 and did strive ×1

More options

contend — Best for legal or formal disputes; widely applicable.

argue — Everyday register; suits interpersonal conflict scenes.

dispute — Emphasizes opposing claims; good for property or covenant contexts.

quarrel — Highlights emotional friction; suits interpersonal strife.

lodge a complaint — Formal register; fits legal or courtroom settings.

plead a case — Modernizes KJV 'plead'; retains forensic/legal nuance.

BDB7897 H7378 H693

רִיב [Nö^{ZMG xxxvii (1883). 530, 534} Ges^{«GKC:73b»§ 73b}] verb strive, contend (compare Arabic () agitate (the mind), disquiet; compare also Syriac cry, shout, Aph`el also quarrel noisily, shouting, clamour (see Nö^l.c.); on Sabean proper name ריב = Arabic see DHM^{ib. 14}); —

Qal Perfect 3 masculine singular רָב Judg 11:25; 1Sam 25:29 2 masculine singular רַבְתָּ Lam 3:58, רִיבוֺתָ Job 33:13, etc.; Imperfect 3 masculine singular יָרִיב Judg 6:31 +, jussive יָרֵב Hos 4:4; 1Sam 24:16, יָ֫רֶב לוֺ(בּוֺׅ Judg 6:31; Judg 6:32 וַיָּ֫רֶב Gen 31:36 +; 2 masculine singular תרוב Prov 3:30 Kt, תָּרִיב Qr; 3 masculine plural יְרִיבֻן Exod 21:18, etc.; Imperative masculine singular רִיב Mic 6:1; Prov 25:9, רִיבָה Ps 35:1 +, masculine plural רִיבוּ Isa 1:17; Hos 2:4 Infinitive absolute רוֺב Judg 11:25, רֹב Job 40:2 רִיב Jer 50:34 (Ges^{«GKC:73d»§ 73d} Kö^{i. 509} Ba^{NB 80}); construct רִיב Isa 3:13; Job 9:3 + Judg 21:22 Qr (Kt רוב), רִב Amos 7:4; Prov 25:8 Participle רָב Isa 19:20 +; — strive:

1. involving bodily struggle Exod 21:18 (that is, one with another; E); public hostilities, יָרָיוּ רָב לוֺ Deut 33:7 (with) his hands he strove for it, with עִם of Israel, הֲרוֺב רָב Judg 11:25 (|| נִלְחַם).

2. with words, with ב person Gen 31:36 (E), Exod 17:2 a (J) Judg 6:32, so (in figurative) Hos 2:4 compare v.Hos 2:4 often = quarrel, with עִם person, Gen 26:20; Exod 17:2b Num 20:3 (all J), Neh 13:25 subject God Job 9:3; Job 13:19; Job 23:6 also Job 40:2 (עִם of God; on infinitive absolute see Ges^{«GKC:113ee»§ 113ee}), in general Prov 3:30 with אֵת person Judg 8:1; Neh 5:7; Neh 13:11; Neh 13:17, subject ׳י Isa 49:25 (compare I. יָרִיב below), Ps 35:1 (|| לָחַם); אֵת of ׳י Isa 45:9 (participle one striving), Num 20:13 (P); with עַל of thing Gen 26:21; Gen 26:22 absolute = find fault Hos 4:4 (|| הוֺכִיחַ). Especially

3. conduct a (legal) case, suit, usually figurative, ׳י subject; Isa 3:13 (|| דִּין), Isa 57:16 (|| קָצַף), Ps 103:9 (נָטַר[אַף]), compare קֹרֵא לָרִב בָּאֵשׁ Amos 7:4 with accusative of person with whom (unfriendly sense), Job 10:2; Isa 27:8 with accusative of congnate meaning with verb רִיב in good sense, = take one's part, 1Sam 24:15 (Gi; v.1Sam 24:16 van d. H. Baer; || שָׁפַט), Mic 7:9; Jer 50:34 (רִיב יָרִיב אֶתרִֿיבָם, infinitive construct = infinitive absolute, see above), Jer 51:36 (|| נקם), Lam 3:58; Prov 22:23; Ps 43:1 (+ מִגּוֺי; || שָׁפַט), Ps 119:154 (+ גָּאַל), also Ps 74:22 (God, his own cause); + מִיַּד person against whom 1Sam 25:39 (of vengeance); + אֵת person against whom Prov 23:11, so (without accusative of congnate meaning with verb) Isa 50:8; Jer 2:9 (twice in verse); compare אֶתֿ הֶהָרִים Mic 6:1 (II. אֵת 1 c; ᵐ5 πρός, whence We Now אֶלֿ in the presence of, but on רִיב אֶל see

4.); ׳ר = plead, with ל person for whom Judg 6:31 (3 t. in verse); Job 13:8, with accusative of person for whom Isa 1:17, of God Isa 51:22, compare Deut 33:8 (obscure, see Dr); of human disputes Prov 25:8, אֶתרֵֿעֶ֑ךָ ׳רִיבְךָ ר vProv 25:9.

4. = make complaint, with אֶל person unto and against whom Judg 21:22; Jer 2:29; Jer 12:1; Job 33:13. Hiph`il Participle suffix מריבו 1Sam 2:10 Kt (Qr מְרִיבָיו), i.e. (those) displaying contention against him (׳י), compare plural construct ְ ועַמְּךָ כִמְרִיבֵי כֹהֵן Hos 4:4, obscure; RS^{Proph. 406} מָרוּ בִי thy people have rebelled against me, O priest ! Beck Wü We GASm וְעַמִּי כִּכְמָרָיו הַכֹּהֵן (׳הַכּ as voc., and [by some] joined to vHos 4:5); Hermann^{SK, 1879, 516 {abbrev}}וְעִמְּךָ מְרִיבִי הַכּ, compare Oort (רִיבִי); Ruben^{Crit, Rem. on the passage} ׳ְ ועַמִּי כָמוֺךָ הַכּ, so Now. — וַיָּרֶכ 1Sam 15:5 see ארב Hiph`il

plead, strive, contend, contended, chide, …

rîb

properly, to toss, i.e., grapple; mostly figuratively, to wrangle, i.e., hold a controversy; (by implication) to defend

to strive, contend

(Qal)

to strive

physically

יְהוָ֑ה

Root word a name — transliterate it ("The lord")

Dictionary form: יְהֹוָה · yeh-hoh-WAW

Noun — Proper Name

In the KJV here: the lord

the lord ×2811 of the lord ×1522 and the lord ×457 unto the lord ×342 o lord ×222 am the lord ×158 lord ×67 to the lord ×60

More options

the LORD — Standard modern Bible convention; small-caps signal the divine name.

YHWH — Preserves the Hebrew tetragrammaton; used in scholarly translations.

Yahweh — Reconstructed pronunciation; preferred in academic and some modern versions.

the Lord — General rendering when small-caps convention is unavailable.

God — Use only where context clearly equates YHWH with generic deity.

the Eternal — Captures timeless-existence nuance; used in some progressive translations.

BDB2100 H3068 H3069 H1961 H430 H589 H2022 H6635

יהוה_{c. 6823} i.e. יַהְוֶה proper name, of deity Yahweh, the proper name of the God of Israel — (

1. ᵑ0 יְהוָֺה^C518 (Qr אֲדֹנָי), or יֱהוִֺה₃₀₅ (Qr אֱלֹהִים), in the combinations אדני יהוה & יהוה אדני (see אֲדֹנֶי), and with preposition בַּיהוָֺה, לַיהוָֺה, מֵיהוָֺה (Qr בַּאדֹנָי, לַאדֹנָי, מֵאדֹנָי), do not give the original form. ᵐ5 and other Vrss follow the Qr. On the basis of Exod 20:7; Lev 24:11 יהוה was regarded as a nomen ineffabile (see Philo^{de Vita Mosis iii. 519, 529}), called by the Jews הַשֵּׁם and by the Samaritans שׁימא. The pronunciation Jehovah was unknown until 1520, when it was introduced by Galatinus; but it was contested by Le Mercier, J. Drusius, and L. Capellus, as against grammatical and historical propriety (compare Bö^{§ 88}). The traditional Ἰαβέ of Theodoret and Epiphanius, the יָֿהוּ, יְהוֺֿ of compound proper name and the contracted form יָהּ all favour יַהְוֶךְ (compare יַהֲלֹמ֑וּן Ps 74:6 תַּהֲרוּ Isa 33:11), see Lag^{Sym i.14} Baud^{Studien i.179 ff.}; Dr^{Stud.Bib.i.1 ff.} For Jeve see Sta^{ZAW 1881, 346} De^{ib.1882, 173 f. & Gn. Excurs. ii.}

2. on literature of interpretations see Nes^Eg.67 Dr^{l.c. — Many recent scholars explain} יַהְוֶה as Hiph`il of היה (=היה) the one bringing into being, life-giver (compare חַוָּה Gen 3:20) Schr HSch; giver of existence, creator, Kue Tiele; he who brings to pass (so already Le Clerc),performer of his promises, Lag, Nes^Eg.88 (but Nes^{Eg.91 inclines to Qal as} RS^{Brit. & For. Ev. Rev} see below); or from היה he who causes to fall, rain or lightning RS^{OTJC.ed.1, 423; om.ed.2, 245}, compare We^{Skizzen iii.175}; 'Fäller,' destroying foes, Sta^G.i.429 (dubiously). But most take it as Qal of הוה (= היה); the one who is: i.e. the absolute and unchangeable one, Ri; the existing, ever living, as self-consistent and unchangeable, Di; or the one ever coming into manifestation as the God of redemption, De Oehl; compare also RS^{Brit. & For. Ev. Rev. 1876}, he will be it, i.e all that his servants look for (compare Ew^infr), he will approve himself (give evidence of being, assert his being Dr^l.c.17)).

**Theories of non-Hebrew or non-Semitic origin, opposed (in their older forms) by Bau^{Rel. i. 181 ff. (see especially 230)}; Dl^{Pa 162 ff.} claimed Babylonian origin for יהו, against this Kue^{national Religions, etc., Note iv (Eng. Trans. 329 ff.)} Jastr^{JBL xiil {1894}, 103 f.} compare Hpt^{BAS i. 170 N}; Dl^{Babel u. Bibel, 46 f., 73 f.} makes same claim for יהוה, against this see especially Hirsch^{ZAW xxiil {1903}, 355 ff.} Zim^{KATS. 465 ff.}; Spiegelb^{ZMG:liii {1899}, 633 ff.} proposes (improbable) Egyptian etymology for יהוה; further discussions see in Kö^{EB NAMES, § 112 and n.3}. 'Jehovah' found in Jacob (? Johannes) Wessel († 1480), according to Schw^{ThLZ, 1905, col. 612}.

I. יהוה is not used by E in Genesis, but is given Exod 3:12-15 as the name of the God who revealed Himself to Moses at Horeb, and is explained thus : אֶהְיֶה עִמָּ֑ךְ I shall be with thee (Exod 3:12), which is then implied in אֶהְיֶה אֲשֶׁר אֶהְיֶה I shall be the one who will be it vExod 3:14a (i.e: with thee vExod 3:12) and then compressed into אֶהְיֶה vExod 3:14b (i.e. with thee vExod 3:12), which then is given in the nominal form יהוה He who will be it vExod 3:15 (i.e. with thee vExod 3:12). compare Ew^{BTh ii. 337, 338} RS^{l.c., Proph. 385 ff.} Other interpretations are: I am he who I am, i.e. it is no concern of yours (Le Clerc Lag^{Psalt.Hieron.156}); I am (this is my name), inasmuch as I am (אֲשֶׁר = כִּי; AE JDMich We^JD Th xxi, 540 = compare Hexateuch 72); Di and others I am who I am, he who is essentially unnameable, inexplicable, — E uses יהוה sparingly by the side of אלהים and האלהים in his subsequent narrative. The Ephraimitic writers in Judges Samuel Kings use it in similar proportions. P abstains from the use of יהוה until he gives an account of its revelation to Moses Exod 6:3 but subsequently uses it freely. He gives no explanation of its meaning. He represents that אֵל שַׁדַּי was the God of the patriarchs. J uses יהוה from the beginning of his narrative, possibly explaining it, Gen 21:83 by אל עולם, the evergreen tamarisk being a symbol of the ever-living God; compare De Gen 21:33. Elsewhere יהוה is the common divine name in pre-exilic writers, but in post-exilic writers gradually falls into disuse, and is supplanted by אלהים and אדני. In Job it is used 31 t. in prose parts, and Job 12:9 (a proverb); not elsewhere in the poem. Chronicles apart from his sources prefers אלהים and האלהים. Daniel uses יהוה only in chap. 9 (7 t.); Ecclesiastes not at all. In the Elohistic group of Psalm 42-83 it is used 39 t. (see אלהים) . It occurs as the name of Israel's God MI¹⁸. It is doubtful whether it was used by other branches of the Shemitic family, compare COT Gen 2:4b Dl^{Pa 158 ff.} Dr^{Stud. Bib. i. 7 ff}.

II. 1. יהוה is used with אלהים and suffixes, especially in D;
a. with אֱלֹהֶיךָ in the Ten Words Exod 20:2-12 (5 t.) = Deut 5:6-16 in the law of worship of J E, Exod 23:19; Exod 34:24; Exod 34:26 in D 234 t.; Josh 1:9; Josh 1:17; Josh 9:9; Josh 9:24 (D²); elsewhere Gen 27:20; Exod 15:26 (JE), Judg 6:26 Samuel & Kings 20 t.; 1Chr 11:2; 1Chr 22:11; 1Chr 22:12; 2Chr 9:8 (twice in verse); 2Chr 16:7; Isa 7:11; Isa 37:4 (twice in verse); Isa 41:13; Isa 43:3; Isa 51:15; Isa 55:5; Jer 40:2 + (3t.); Hos 12:10; Hos 13:4; Hos 14:2; Amos 9:15; Ps 81:11.
b. with אֱלֹהֵיכֶם in D 46 t.; D² 28 t.; H 15 t.; P 15 t.; elsewhere Exod 23:25 (E); Exod 8:24; Exod 10:8; Exod 10:16; Exod 10:17 (JE); Judg 6:10; 1Sam 12:12; 1Sam 12:14; 2Kgs 17:39; 2Kgs 23:21; 1Chr 22:18 + (10 t. Chronicles) Ps 76:12; Jer 13:16 + (5 t.) Ezek 20:5; Ezek 20:7; Ezek 20:19; Ezek 20:20; Joel 2:13 + (6 t.) Zech 6:15.
c. with אֱלֹהֵינוּ in D 23 t.; in D² 5 t.; Exod 8:6 (JE) Exod 3:18; Exod 5:3; Exod 8:22; Exod 8:23; Exod 10:25; Exod 10:26 (E) Judg 11:24; 1Sam 7:8; 1Kgs 8:57; 1Kgs 8:59; 1Kgs 8:61; 1Kgs 8:65; 2Kgs 18:22; 2Kgs 19:10 = Isa 36:7; Isa 37:20; 1Chr 13:2 + (15 t. Chronicles) Mic 4:5; Mic 7:17; Isa 26:13; Jer 3:22 + (17 t.) Ps 20:8; Ps 90:17 (?;Baer אֲדנָֹי); Ps 94:23; Ps 99:5; Ps 99:8; Ps 99:9 (twice in verse); Ps 105:7; Ps 106:47; Ps 113:5; Ps 122:9; Ps 123:2; Dan 9:10; Dan 9:13; Dan 9:14.
d. with אֱלֹהֵיהֶם Exod 10:7 (J) Exod 29:46 (twice in verse); Lev 26:44 (P) Judg 3:7; Judg 8:34; 1Sam 12:9; 1Kgs 9:9; 2Kgs 17:7; 2Kgs 17:9; 2Kgs 17:14; 2Kgs 17:16; 2Kgs 17:19; 2Kgs 18:12; 2Chr 31:6; 2Chr 33:17; 2Chr 34:33; Neh 9:3 (twice in verse); Neh 9:4; Jer 3:21; Jer 22:9; Jer 30:9; Jer 43:1 (twice in verse); Jer 50:4; Ezek 28:26; Ezek 34:30; Ezek 39:22; Ezek 39:28; Hos 1:7; Hos 3:5; Hos 7:10; Zeph 2:7; Hag 1:12 (twice in verse); Zech 9:16; Zech 10:6.
e. with אֱלֹהָיו Num 23:21 (E) Exod 32:11 (J) Lev 4:22 (P) Deut 17:19; Deut 18:7; 1Sam 30:6; 1Kgs 5:17; 1Kgs 11:4; 1Kgs 15:3; 1Kgs 15:4; 1Kgs 2:11; 1Kgs 16:2; 1Kgs 2:1 + 13 t. Chronicles; Mic 5:3; Jer 7:28; Ps 33:12; Ps 144:15; Ps 146:5; Jonah 2:2. feminine with אֱלֹהַי Num 22:18 (JE) Deut 4:5; Deut 18:16; Deut 26:14; Josh 14:8; Josh 14:9; 2Sam 24:24; 1Kgs 3:7; 1Kgs 5:18; 1Kgs 5:19; 1Kgs 8:28; 1Kgs 17:20; 1Kgs 17:21; 1Chr 21:17; 1Chr 22:7; 2Chr 2:3; 2Chr 6:19; 2Chr 9:5; Ps 7:2; Ps 7:4; Ps 13:4; Ps 18:29; Ps 30:3; Ps 30:13; Ps 35:24; Ps 40:6; Ps 104:1; Ps 109:26; Isa 25:1; Jer 31:18; Dan 9:4; Dan 9:20; Jonah 2:7; Hab 1:12; Zech 11:4; Zech 13:9; Zech 14:5.
g. with אֱלֹהַיִךְ Isa 60:9; Jer 2:17; Jer 2:19; Jer 3:13; Mic 7:10; Zeph 3:17.
h. with אלהים, probably always due to later editors, or to a Qr which has crept into the text Gen 2:4b — Gen 3:23 (J, 20 t. either אלהים inserted by R^P as Di De; or יהוה inserted by J in an older source); Exod 9:30 (J, but not in ᵐ5 ⅏; Samaritan אדני יהוה; possibly ᵑ0 from earlier Qr, & ⅏ from later Qr); 2Sam 7:22; 2Sam 7:25 (ᵐ5 אדני יהוה and 1Chr 17:20-23 only יהוה); 1Chr 17:16; 1Chr 17:17 (but 2Sam 7:18; 2Sam 7:19 אדני יהוה) 1Chr 28:20; 1Chr 29:1; 2Chr 1:9; 2Chr 6:41 (twice in verse); 2Chr 6:42; 2Chr 26:18 (but in the original Ps 132:8 stood יהוה (so ℌ), or else no divine name); Ps 72:18 (the late doxology) Ps 84:12 (but it makes the line too long); Jonah 4:6. For the combinations with other divine names see those names.

2. the phrase אֲנִי יהוה is noteworthy: —
a. after אמר either alone Exod 6:2; Exod 6:29 (P) or before relative and other clauses: Gen 28:13 (J) Gen 15:7 (R) Exod 6:6 (P) with אלהיכם Judg 6:10; Ezek 20:5.
b. after ידע כי (α) Exod 7:17; Exod 8:18; Exod 10:2 (J); Exod 7:5; Exod 14:4; Exod 14:18 (P); 1Kgs 20:13; 1Kgs 20:28; Jer 24:7; Ezek 6:7 + 48 t. Ezekiel; (β) with אלהיכם Exod 6:7; Exod 16:12; Deut 29:5 (P) Exod 20:20; Joel 4:17 (γ) with אלהיהם Exod 29:46 (P) Ezek 28:26; Ezek 34:30; Ezek 39:22; Ezek 39:28 (δ) before relative and other clauses Isa 45:3; Isa 49:23; Isa 49:26; Isa 60:16; Ezek 7:9; Ezek 17:24; Ezek 21:10; Ezek 22:22; Ezek 35:12; Ezek 36:36 (ε) with various forms of קדשׁ Exod 31:13 (P) Ezek 20:12; Ezek 37:28; Ezek 39:7 (ζ) with דברתי Ezek 5:13; Ezek 17:21, compare ׳יֵדְעוּ אשׁר אני י Ezek 20:26.
c. after כִּי in various combinations Lev 11:44; Lev 11:45; Num 35:34 (P), Lev 20:7; Lev 20:26; Lev 21:8; Lev 21:15; Lev 21:23; Lev 22:16; Lev 24:22; Lev 25:17; Lev 26:1; Lev 26:44 (all H); Exod 15:26 (R) Isa 41:13; Isa 43:3; Isa 61:8; Jer 9:23; Ezek 12:25; Ezek 21:4; Zech 10:6; Mal 3:6.
d. emphatic Exod 6:8; Exod 12:12; Lev 26:2; Lev 26:45; Num 3:13; Num 3:41; Num 3:45 (all P); Lev 18:5; Lev 18:6; Lev 18:21; Lev 19:12; Lev 19:14; Lev 19:16; Lev 19:18; Lev 19:28; Lev 19:30; Lev 19:32; Lev 19:37; Lev 21:12; Lev 22:2; Lev 22:3; Lev 22:8; Lev 22:30; Lev 22:31; Lev 22:33 (all H) Isa 43:15 with אלהיהם Exod 29:46 with אלהיךָ Isa 48:17 with אלהיכם Lev 23:43; Lev 25:38; Lev 25:55; Num 10:10; Num 15:41 (twice in verse) (P) Lev 18:2; Lev 18:4; Lev 18:30; Lev 19:2; Lev 19:3; Lev 19:4; Lev 19:10; Lev 19:25; Lev 19:31; Lev 19:34; Lev 19:36; Lev 20:24; Lev 23:22; Lev 26:13 (all H) Ezek 20:7; Ezek 20:19; Joel 2:27 with מְקַדֵּשׁ Lev 20:8; Lev 22:9; Lev 22:32 (H), with דברתי Num 14:35 (P) Ezek 5:15 + (11 t. Ezekiel); with clauses Isa 27:3; Isa 41:4; Isa 41:17; Isa 42:6; Isa 42:8; Isa 45:5; Isa 45:6; Isa 45:7; Isa 45:8; Isa 45:18; Isa 45:19; Isa 45:21; Isa 60:22; Jer 17:10; Jer 32:27; Ezek 14:4; Ezek 14:7; Ezek 14:9; Ezek 34:24 אָנֹכִי יהוה is used in the Ten Words Exod 20:2; Exod 20:5 = Deut 5:6; Deut 5:9 cited Ps 81:11; Hos 12:10; Hos 13:4 elsewhere only Exod 4:11 (J) Isa 43:11; Isa 44:24; Isa 51:15.

3. יהוה is also used with several predicates, to form sacred names of holy places of Yahweh יהוה יראה Gen 22:14 (J); יהוה נסי Exod 17:15 (E) יהוה שׁלים Judg 6:24 יהוה צדקנו Jer 33:16 (compare Jer 23:6 where it is applied to the Messiah); יהוה שָׁ֑מָּה Ezek 48:35. — On combinations such as ׳הַר י, צְבָאוֺת ׳י etc., see הַר, צָבָא, etc.

Note. — Bonk^{ZAW 1891, 126 ff.} seems to shew that as prefix, in compare proper name, יְהוֺ is the oldest and the latest form and that יוֺ is intermediate, belonging to the earlier post-exilic period until the time of Chronicles; occasional copyists' mistakes being taken into the account.

BDB3475 H3068

׳יְהוֺ proper name compounded with, see below יהוה above.

BDB3483 H3068 H3069

יהוה proper name, of deity, see below הוה.

BDB3489 H3068 H3097

׳יו = ׳יְהוֺ proper name compounded with, see below יהוה above: — namely יוֺאָב, יוֺאָח, יוֺאָחָז, יוֺאֵל, יוֺאָשׁ, יוֺיָכִין, יוֺיָקִים, יוֺיָרִיב, יוֺעֵד, יוֺעָשׁ, יוֺקִים, יוֺרָם, יוֺתָם, etc.

lord, lords, god, jehovah, jehovah-jireh, …

yĕhōwâ

the existing One

(the) self-Existent or Eternal; Jeho-vah, Jewish national name of God

the proper name of the one true God

unpronounced except with the vowel pointings of H0136

וְ עֹמֵ֖ד

וְ

Prefix — connector and (sometimes: but, so, then)

עֹמֵ֖ד

Root word stood, stand, up, set, still, …

Dictionary form: עָמַד · aw-MAHD

Verb — Qal, Participle Active, masculine singular, absolute state simple action — "he did" ongoing action — try "___ing" or "one who ___s"

In the KJV here: and standeth

stood ×59 and stood ×45 stand ×32 shall stand ×16 standing ×10 standeth ×9 to stand ×9 and set ×7

More options

stand — Most versatile; covers position, endurance, and resolve.

remain — Prefer when emphasizing continuation or persistence.

take a position — Good for confrontational or deliberate stance contexts.

stay — Informal; suits narrative passages about halting movement.

endure — Best when the focus is on lasting through time or trial.

be present — Use for cultic or official attendance before someone.

BDB6128 H5975

עָמַד₅₂₀ take one's stand, stand (Late Hebrew id.; Phoenician עמד; Assyrian emêdu, stand, set up; Arabic prop up, support, and derivatives; Ethiopic pillar; ᵑ7 עַמּוּדָא pillar, Syriac , Palmyrene עמודא, compare also proper name תימעמד; Sabean עמד pillar, according to CIS^{iv. 91} (or other derivatives from √ עמד DHM^{ZMG xxxvii (1883), 5}), plural אעמדן pillars DHM^{Epigr. Denkm. sus Abess. 80}); —

Qal₄₃₅ Perfect ׳ע Gen 19:27 +, 3 feminine singular עָֽמְדָה 2Kgs 13:6 +, etc.; Imperfect יַעֲמֹד Exod 21:21, יַעֲמוֺד Nah 1:6 +, יַעֲמָדֿ 1Sam 16:22 +; 1 singular אֶעֱמֹ֑דָה Hab 2:1, וָאֶעֱמֹד 2Sam 1:10 3 masculine plural יַעַמְדוּ Jer 32:14 +, יַעֲמֹ֑דוּ Ezek 1:21 +, 2 masculine plural וַתַּעַמְדוּן Deut 4:11, etc.; Imperative עֲמֹד 1Sam 9:27 +, עֲמָדֿ 2Sam 1:9 feminine singular עִמְדִי Isa 47:12; Jer 48:19, etc.; Infinitive absolute עָמֹד Esth 9:16 construct עֲמֹד Exod 18:23 +, suffix עָמְדִי Jer 18:20, עֲמָדְךָ Obad 1:11, etc.; Participle עֹמֵד Isa 3:13 +, feminine עֹמֶ֫דֶת Hag 2:5 +, etc.; —

1. a. take one's stand, and (especially participle) stand, be in a standing attitude: with עַל by, 1Sam 26:13; 2Sam 2:25; 2Kgs 2:7 +, so participle Gen 18:8 (J), Gen 41:1; Gen 41:17 (E) +, עַל on, Exod 3:5 (E), Deut 27:12 +; with ב location Exod 32:26; Num 22:24; Num 22:26 (all J E), +; with אֶל location 1Kgs 20:38 (+ לְ person), Jer 48:19; Ezek 21:26; Ezek 27:29 with אֶל person 1Sam 17:51; 2Kgs 5:25 with אֵצֶל Gen 41:3 (E), Ezek 9:2; Ezek 10:6; Neh 8:4 with לִפְנֵי Gen 18:22; 1Kgs 3:16; 1Kgs 8:22 +; before ׳י, for intercession Gen 19:27 (J), Deut 4:10; Jer 15:1; Jer 18:20, etc.; take one's stand and do a thing 1Sam 17:8; 1Kgs 8:55; 2Kgs 18:28 = Isa 36:13 +; followed by infinitive 1Kgs 8:11 = 2Chr 5:14 +.
b. stand forth (to speak, etc.) 2Kgs 10:9 +.
c. take a stand against (עַל), in opposition to, Judg 6:31; Ezra 10:15 (but stand over, = have charge of, according to Kue^{Ges. Abh. 247 f.}) 2Chr 26:18 compare עַלדַּֿם Lev 19:16 (H) against the blood of, i.e. seek one's blood, life; with יָ֑חַד Isa 50:8 together, i.e. against each other.
d. present oneself before (לִפְנֵי) Gen 43:15 (J), Exod 9:10 (E), Num 27:2; Num 27:21 (P), 1Sam 16:21 +; before ׳י (in sanctuary) Deut 19:17; Jer 7:10 compare Jer 18:20; Lev 9:5 (P); so in heaven 1Kgs 22:21 = 2Chr 18:20 with ב location of child at birth Hos 13:13, in palace (as retainer, courtier) Dan 1:4
e. with לִפְנֵי attend upon, be(come) servant of 1Sam 16:22 (see Dr), 1Kgs 1:2 +; servant of ׳י 1Kgs 17:1; 1Kgs 18:15; 2Kgs 3:14; 2Kgs 5:16; Jer 15:19 priests (לְשָֽׁרְתוֺׅ׳לִפְנֵי י Deut 10:8; Judg 20:28; Ezek 44:15; 2Chr 29:11 of Levites, stand before congregation for menial duties Ezek 44:11; Num 16:9 (P). feminine stand afar מֵרָחוֺק Exod 20:18; Exod 20:21 (E), Isa 59:14; Ps 38:12, ׳בְּר Ps 10:1 ׳מִנֶּגֶד מֵר 2Kgs 2:7 stand aloof, מִנֶֹּגֶד Obad 1:11; Ps 38:12.
g. stand (silent) Job 32:16.
h. stand (appealingly) Job 30:20 (but read עָמַדְתָּ, of God, Me Hi Du).
i. stand, subject רֶגֶל Zech 14:4 (עַל location), Ps 122:2 (ב location) so Ps 26:12 (figurative).
j. stand, of water, עַלהָֿרִים Ps 104:6. See also prepositions אֶל, אֵצֶל, עַל, מִמַּעַל, עִם, etc.

2. a. stand still, stop, cease moving, of moon Josh 10:13 (J E; || וַיִּדֹּם), sun vJosh 10:13, both, Hab 3:11 of person 1Sam 9:27 (opposed to עָבַר), 2Sam 2:28 (opposed to רָדַף), עִמְדוּ עֲמֹ֫דוּ Nah 2:9 +; stop flowing (of oil) 2Kgs 4:6 remain standing, with תַּחְתֵּינוּ Judg 7:21; 1Sam 14:9 etc.; of eruption in skin = remain unchanged Lev 13:23; Lev 13:28 so (without ׳ת) Lev 13:5; Lev 13:37 (all P).
b. = be inactive 2Chr 20:17 (opposed to לְהִלָּחֵם, + הִתְיַצְּבוּ).
c. = be attentive Job 37:14.
d. stop, cease doing a thing 2Kgs 13:18 with מִן Gen 29:35; Gen 30:9 (both J), Joel 1:15.

3. a. tarry, delay Gen 45:9 (E), Josh 10:19 (J E; opposed to רָדַף), 1Sam 20:38 (opposed to מְהֵרָה, חוּשָׁה), +.
b. remain, with ב location 2Kgs 15:20; Deut 10:10 with עִמָּדִי Deut 5:28 (opposed to שׁוּב); + infinitive purpose Esth 7:7.
c. continue, abide Jer 32:14; Isa 66:22; Ps 102:27 (opposed to אָבַד); = dwell Exod 8:18 (J; עַל location); לָעַד Ps 19:10; Ps 111:3; Ps 111:10; Ps 112:3; Ps 112:9 לְעוֺלָם Ps 33:11; Eccl 1:4 בְּתוֺךְ Hag 2:5 of plan = be established Ps 33:11 (earlier קוּם, as Isa 14:24), so Esth 3:4; Dan 11:17 b; = maintain itself (earlier קוּם Josh 2:11) Eccl 2:9 לֹא יַעֲמָדבִּֿי כֹחַ Dan 10:17.
d. endure Exod 18:23 (E), Ezek 22:14 (|| חָזַק).
e. be steadfast Deut 25:8; Ruth 2:7. feminine persist Eccl 8:3.

4. make a stand, hold one's ground, Amos 2:15; 2Kgs 10:4; Mal 3:2 +; with לִפְנֵי Judg 2:14; 2Kgs 10:4 +, בִּפְנֵי Josh 10:8; Josh 21:44 (Ginsb; van d. H. Baer vJosh 21:42), Josh 23:9 (all D); with עַל, for one's life Esth 8:11; Esth 9:16.

5. stand upright:
a. remain standing 2Kgs 13:6 of head 2Kgs 6:31 remain upright upon him (עָלָיו); of house (figurative of endurance) Job 8:15; Prov 12:7.
b. stand up, opposed to sit, Neh 8:5; Job 29:8 (+ קוּם); opposed to lie prostrate Ezek 2:1 (עַלרַֿגְלֶיךָ), so Ezek 37:10 (id.), Dan 10:1, vDan 10:11 (עַלעָֿמְדָ֑ךָ), Esth 8:4 of revival after death Dan 12:13 (late for קוּם).
c. stand up, rise, of water Josh 3:13 (+ appositive נֵד אֶחָד), vJosh 3:16 (+ קָמוּ + id.; both J E).
d. be erect, upright, of boards Exod 26:15; Exod 36:20 (P).

6. a. arise, appear, come on the scene (= קוּם; late) Ezra 2:63 = Neh 7:65; Ps 106:30 (compare Eccl 47:1; Eccl 47:12), especially Dan 8:22 (twice in verse); Dan 8:23; Dan 11:2; Dan 11:3; Dan 11:4; Dan 12:1, compare Dan 11:7 (כַּנּוֺ), vDan 11:20 vDan 11:21 (עַלכַּֿנּוֺ); with תַּחַת instead of Eccl 4:15 of war 1Chr 20:4, deliverance Esth 4:14.
b. stand forth, appear = come into being Isa 48:13; Ps 33:9; Ps 119:90.
c. rise up as foe (earlier קום Amos 7:9; Gen 4:8), with עַל against 1Chr 21:1; 2Chr 20:23; Dan 8:25; Dan 11:14,
c. לְנֶגְדִּי against Dan 10:13.

7. rare usages are:
a. אֶתֿ ׳ע stand with, as attendant, servitor Gen 45:1 (E), Num 1:5 (P).
b. take one's stand in covenant, בַּבְּרִית 2Kgs 23:3.
c. stand עַלחֶֿרֶב Ezek 33:26 (resort to the sword).
d. stand ׳בְּסוֺד י Jer 23:18; Jer 23:22 (see סוֺד).
e. be appointed Ezra 10:14. feminine stand before (לִפְנֵי) beast Lev 18:23 (carnal intercourse)
g. grow flat, insipid (Gie), taste of wine Jer 48:11 (figurative of Moab), or remain unchanged (so most, in that case compare 3 b). — עָמְדִי Dan 11:1b is corrupt, read probably עָמַדְתִּי, or עָמַד (מִיכָאֵל subject), join then to Dan 10:21 and strike out Dan 11:1a; so Bev Behrm Marti^Kau. Hiph`il₈₃ (compare Dr^{Intr. (6) 535}) Perfect 3 masculine singular הֶעֱמִיד 1Kgs 12:32 +, 2 masculine singular הֶעֱמַדְתָּה Ps 30:8, וְהַעֲמַדְתָּ֫ Num 3:6 +, etc., Imperfect יַעֲמִיד Prov 29:4 +, וַיַּעֲמֵד 2Kgs 8:1 +; 3 feminine singular suffix וַתַּעֲמִדֵנִי Ezek 2:2; Ezek 3:24, 1 plural וַנַּעֲמִיד Neh 4:3, etc.; Imperative הַעֲמֵד Isa 21:6 suffix הַעֲמִידֶהָ Ezek 24:11 Infinitive absolute הַעֲמֵיד Neh 7:3 construct הַעֲמִיד 1Kgs 15:4 +; Participle מַעֲמִיד 2Chr 18:34 (but see Hoph`al): —

1. station, set, with accusative Judg 16:25 (בֵּין); for duty Num 11:24 (E; סְבִיבֹת) 1Kgs 12:32 (ב location), 2Chr 19:5 (id.), Neh 13:11(עַלֿ עָמְדָם), Isa 21:6 + (Neh 4:7 a read perhaps Qal, so Perles^{Anal. 65}), with עַל against Neh 4:3.

2. cause to stand firm Ps 18:34 = 2Sam 22:34 (with עַל location); maintain (opposed to overthrow) Exod 9:16 (J), 1Kgs 15:4, compare Prov 29:4.

3. cause to stand up, set up, erect, with accusative + עַלרַֿגְלַי Ezek 2:2; Ezek 3:24, so עַלעָֿמְדִי Dan 8:18 temple Ezra 2:68 (עַל location), compare 2Chr 24:13 (על location, of repairs); especially doors Neh 3:1 + 7 t. Nehemiah; Asherim 2Chr 33:19, compare 2Chr 25:14.

4. + לִפְנֵי present one before king Gen 47:7 (P), ׳י (in sanctuary) Lev 14:11 + 3 t. P, + (of goat) Lev 16:7, priest Lev 27:8 + 4 t. P, + (of beast) Lev 27:11.

5. appoint Neh 7:3; 1Chr 15:17 + (late); with עַל over Neh 13:9 +, with infinitive purpose Neh 6:7 +, with 2 accusative 1Chr 15:16 = assign (land) to (ל) 2Chr 33:8 (|| 2Kgs 21:8 נָתַן); appoint courses of priests 2Kgs 8:14; 2Kgs 31:2, compare Neh 13:30 ordain commandments, עַל person Neh 10:33, compare 2Chr 30:5 establish עַדהָֿעוֺלָם 1Chr 17:14 (ב location), compare 2Chr 9:8; Ps 148:6 with accusative of covenant Ps 105:10 = 1Chr 16:17 (ל person + ל of thing); with חָזוֺן vision Dan 11:14 (= fulfil, earlier הֵקִים).

6. other meanings:
a. אֶתפָּֿנָיו ׳ע 2Kgs 8:11 have a fixed look.
b. with accusative רַגְלַי + ב location Ps 31:9 (figurative).
c. make to stand (in a covt.; see || 2Kgs 23:3) 2Chr 34:32.
d. restore waste places Ezra 9:9.
e. + לְפָנֶיהָ Esth 4:5, i.e. make servant to. feminine cause wind to arise Ps 107:25.
g. = raise an army Dan 11:11; Dan 11:13. — 2Chr 18:34 see Hoph`al; Ps 30:8 see עֹז; Ezek 29:7 see מָעַד. Hoph`al Imperfect 3 masculine singular יָעֳמַדֿ Lev 16:10 be presented (of goat), + ׳לִפְנֵי י; Participle הָיָה מָעֳמָד 1Kgs 22:35 he was caused to stand, i.e. propped up, in (ב) his chariot, so read also || 2Chr 18:34 (as ᵐ5), for ᵑ0 מַעֲמִיד. — On Perfect הָעֳמַדְתִּי see עֹז Ps 30:8.

stood, stand, up, set, still, …

ʿāmad

to stand, in various relations (literal and figurative, intransitive and transitive)

to stand, remain, endure, take one's stand

(Qal)

to stand, take one's stand, be in a standing attitude, stand forth, take a stand, present oneself, attend upon, be or become servant of

to station, set

לָ דִ֥ין

לָ

Prefix — preposition to, for

דִ֥ין

Root word judge, judged, plead, strife, strive, …

Dictionary form: דִּין · deen

Verb — Qal, Infinitive Construct, construct state simple action — "he did" try "to ___" or "___ing"

In the KJV here: to judge

shall judge ×4 he shall judge ×3 judge ×2 and judge ×1 and plead ×1 at strife ×1 by them judgeth ×1 execute ×1

More options

judge — Most common rendering; use for formal adjudication contexts.

render judgment — Emphasizes the official act of deciding a case.

administer justice — Highlights the executive/ruling dimension of divine or royal judgment.

contend — Better for legal dispute or strife contexts between parties.

plead a cause — Use when the subject advocates on behalf of another.

govern — Suits contexts where ruling or leading a people is in view.

BDB1885 H1777

[דון] verb dubious; only in יָדוֺן Gen 6:3, see דין.

BDB1915 H1777

דִּין verb judge (compare Arabic intransitive to be obedient, submissive, transitive requite, compensate, rule, govern, obedience, abasement, recompense, requiter, governor, city; Assyrian dânu, Imperfect idin, judge Asrb^{Ann. x. 120} Dl^{HA 49}; Aramaic דִּין, judge, exercise judgment, punish, דַּיָּינָא, , judge, דִּינָא, judgment, city; — on √ עי֞ see Nö^{ZMG 1883, 533}), synonym שָׁפַט —

Qal Perfect דָּן Jer 22:16 etc.; Imperfect יָדִין Gen 49:16 + 9 t., יָדוֺן Gen 6:3 compare below, etc.; Imperative דִּין Prov 31:9; Job 35:14 דִּינוּ Jer 21:12 Infinitive לָדִין Ps 50:4 + 2 t.; Participle דָּן Gen 15:14; Jer 30:13 —

1. act as judge, minister judgment, of God ידין עמוֺ Deut 32:36 (poetry = Ps 135:14) Ps 50:4 דין עמים Ps 7:9; Ps 96:10; Isa 3:13 יָדִין לְאֻמִּים בְּמֵישָׁרִים Ps 9:9 Messianic king Ps 72:2.

2. plead the cause,
a. of men, usually with accusative of congnate meaning with verb, אֵיןדָּֿן דִּינֵךְ there is none to plead thy cause Jer 30:13 דִּין יָתוֺם ׳ד plead cause of orphan Jer 5:28 דין עני ואביון ׳ד Jer 22:16 also, accusative of congnate meaning with verb omitted, Prov 31:9.
b. of God, דָּנַנִּי אֱלֹהִים God has pled my cause Gen 30:6 (E).

3. execute judgment, vindicate, in battle against enemies, דָּן יָדִין עַמּוֺ Dan will judge (vindicate as a warrior) his people (see Di) Gen 49:16 (poetry); the Messianic king בגוים Ps 110:6 God, בִּגְבוּרָֽתְךָ תְדִינֵנִי in thy might judge me (vindicate me) Ps 54:3.

4. execute judgment, requite, of man, דִּינוּ לַבֹּקֶר מִשְׁפָּט execute judgment every morning Jer 21:12 of God, upon Egypt Gen 15:14 (E); עמים by means of powers of nature Job 36:31 אפסי ארץ 1Sam 2:10 (poetry)

5. govern, אַתָּה תָּדִין אֶתבֵּֿיתִי thou shalt govern my house Zech 3:7.

6. לֹאיֿוּכַל לָדִין עִם he cannot contend with one mightier than he Eccl 6:10. Niph`al Participle וַיְהִי כָלהָֿעָם נָדוֺן בְּכָלשִֿׁבְטֵי יִשְׂרָאֵל and all the people were at strife throughout all the tribes of Israel 2Sam 19:10 (reciprocal, compare Dr.)

Note. — לֹאיָֿדוֺן רוּחִי בָֽאָדָם לְעֹלָם Gen 6:3 compare perhaps continue, do something continually, in modern Egyptian Arabic (So^{SK lxvii {1894}, 211 f.}). (1) ᵐ5 ᵑ9 ᵑ6 Onk read ידיר or (Kue) ילון abide in, dwell, — My spirit will not abide in man for ever; this best suits the context, but ידור, as Aramaism, is dubious (2) Kn De Schr RVm render rule in, supported by Zech 3:7 only. (3) Thes Ew Di render be humbled in, sustained by Arabic usage, but not by Hebrew (4) strive with of AV RV (compare 6 above) is hardly justified.

BDB9441 H1777 H1778

[דִּין] verb judge (Biblical Hebrew); —

Pe`al Participle plural דָּאֲנִין Ezra 7:25 Kt (Qr דָּֽנִין), followed by ל person

judge, judged, plead, strife, strive, …

dîn

to rule; by implication to judge (as umpire); also to strive (as at law)

to judge, contend, plead

(Qal)

to act as judge, minister judgment

עַמִּֽים

Root word people, nations, nation, peoples, folk, …

Dictionary form: עַם · am

Noun — Common, masculine plural, absolute state plural — usually add "-s"

In the KJV here: the people

the people ×572 people ×220 of the people ×150 my people ×113 and the people ×110 his people ×78 thy people ×58 of my people ×50

More options

people — Most versatile rendering; fits collective and singular contexts.

nation — Emphasizes ethnic or political identity as a unified group.

community — Highlights shared belonging; good for social or covenant contexts.

population — Neutral, demographic tone; useful for census or mass-movement passages.

folk — Informal, grassroots feel; suits ordinary or rural settings.

crowd — Best for gathered assemblies rather than an ongoing social group.

BDB6144 H5971 H5993

I. עַם, עָם₁₈₄₀ noun masculine^{Gen 11:6} (see below) people (Late Hebrew id., plebeian, common man; ᵑ7 עַמָּא people, plural peoples, tribes, etc.; Syriac ; Arabic see above; original meaning probably those united, connected, related, compare We^{GGN 1893, 480}); — absolute עַם Gen 11:6 +, עָם Judg 9:36 +, הָעָם Josh 8:11 +; construct עַם Num 21:29 +; suffix עַמִּי Exod 3:7 +, עַמְּךָ Exod 22:27 +, etc.; plural עַמִּים Isa 2:3 +, עֲמָמִים (compare Biblical Aramaic) Neh 9:22 construct עַמֵּי 1Kgs 8:43 +, עַמְמֵי Neh 9:24 plural with suffix see II. עַם; — (Thes cites following as feminine וְחָטָאת עַמֶּ֑ךָ Exod 5:16 [but corrupt and unintellig.; read perhaps ׳וְחַטָאתָ לְע, so ᵐ5 ᵑ6 Di]; Judg 18:7 [but ישֶׁבֶת must agree with lost word city, or the like, see GFM]; Jer 8:5 [but read שׁוֺבַב for שׁוֺבְבָה Gie]); —

1. a people, nation (sometimes || גּוֺי), collective noun (singular Exod 21:8; Josh 17:14; Josh 17:15; Josh 17:17; 2Sam 17:29 + often, or plural Exod 20:15; Exod 24:2; Jer 5:31 + often, or both in same clause Exod 1:20; 2Sam 13:24): עַם אֶחָד = all mankind Gen 11:6 (J); peoples in general Gen 27:29 (J; || לְאֻמִּים), Exod 19:5 (E), Deut 2:25; Deut 4:6 + often Deuteronomy; Neh 13:24 + often; קְהַל עַמִּים Gen 28:3 (P) an assembly (multitude) of peoples, Gen 48:4 (P), Ezek 23:24; Ezek 32:3 (+ רַבִּים); one's own people Jer 46:16; Ps 45:11; Ruth 1:10; Ruth 1:15; Ruth 1:16 (twice in verse) + (on עַמִּי נָדִיב Song 6:12 see especially Bu); particular peoples, Egypt Gen 41:40 (E), Exod 1:22 (E), Neh 9:10 +; עַםאֲֿרָם Amos 1:5 עַםכְּֿמוֺשׁ (i.e. Moab) Num 21:29 (JE), Jer 48:46 but especially Israel Exod 1:20 (E) + often; ׳עַםבְּֿנֵי יִשׂ vExod 1:9 (J); called יהוה ׳ע Num 11:29 (E), 1Sam 2:24 +, and (by ׳י) עַמִּי Exod 3:7; Exod 5:1 (J) + often (all periods); קְהַל עַםהָֿאֱלֹהִים Judg 20:2, עַםהַֿקָּהָל Lev 16:33 (P), קְהַל עָם Ps 107:32 especially הָעָם הַזֶּה (often in contempt or disgust) Num 11:1; Num 11:12; Num 11:13 +; figurative of ants Prov 30:25, the shaphan vProv 30:26, locusts Joel 2:2, compare לְעַם לְצִיִּים Ps 74:14 (where read לְעַם צִיִּים Hup-Now). — On Judg 1:16 see עֲמָלֵקִי.

2. = smaller units, e.g.
a. inhabitants of a city Gen 19:4 (J), 1Sam 9:12; 1Sam 9:13; Jer 29:16; Jer 29:25; 2Chr 31:4 + (Jer 8:5 strike out ׳יְרוּוּשׁ ᵐ5 Gie Co Rothst).
b. inhabitants of a locality Jer 37:12 [apparently not = tribe, Deut 33:3 read עַמּוֺ ᵐ5 Di Dr, Hos 10:14; Judg 5:8; Judg 5:14 read בְּעָרֶיךָ We Now; see below ד].
c. retainers, followers Gen 14:16; Gen 32:8; Gen 33:15; Gen 35:6; Judg 3:18; Judg 8:5; 2Sam 15:17; Jer 41:13; Jer 41:14 +.
d. people bearing arms 1Sam 11:11; 1Kgs 20:10 +; כָּבֵד ׳ע Num 20:20 (JE), i.e. a powerful force; עַם הַצָּבָא Num 31:32 (P), הַמִּלְחָמָה ׳ע Josh 8:1; Josh 8:3; Josh 8:11; Josh 10:7; Josh 11:7 (all J E); so probably Judg 5:8 a (fighting) band; perhaps also vJudg 5:14 (read singular ? see GFM Bu).

3. = common people Jer 21:7; Jer 22:4; Lev 4:27 (opposed to ruler vLev 4:22), Neh 5:1 (opposed to יְהוּדִים), Neh 7:5 (opposed to rulers).

4. people in general, persons Gen 50:20 (E), so apparently ׳כָּלהָֿעָם אֲשֶׁר וגו Exod 33:16 (J), Num 11:34 (J), Josh 5:5 (twice in verse) (D), Judg 9:36 (as singular), vJudg 9:37 (as plural), Jer 36:9 persons labouring 1Kgs 9:23 superior persons Job 12:2 (iron.); עַם עוֺלָם Ezek 26:30 people of long ago (now in Sh®°ôl).

5. phrases are:
a. (עַמָּהּ, עַמִּי, עַמְּךָ) בְּנֵי עַמּוֺ members of one's people, compatriots, fellow-countrymen, etc. Num 22:5 (E), Gen 23:11 (P) Lev 19:18 (H), Judg 14:16; Judg 14:17; Ezek 33:2; Ezek 33:12 +.
b. בְּנֵי הָעָם = common people (see 3) 2Kgs 23:6; Jer 26:23 +; people in general שַׁעַר בְּנֵי הָעָם Jer 17:19 i.e. public gate 2Chr 35:5; 2Chr 35:12.
c. עַם הָאָרֶץ the people at large, as a body 2Kgs 11:14; 2Kgs 11:18; 2Kgs 11:19; 2Kgs 11:20; 2Kgs 15:5; 2Kgs 16:15; 2Kgs 21:24 (twice in verse) +, Jer 37:2; Jer 44:21; Lev 20:2 (H), Gen 23:7; Gen 23:12; Gen 23:13 (P); common people Jer 34:19, compare ׳הא ׳דַּלַּת ע 2Kgs 24:14 distinguished from prince Ezek 45:22; Ezek 46:3; Ezek 46:9, from priests Hag 2:4; Zech 7:5 = Canaanites Num 14:9 (JE), compare עַמֵּי הָאָרֶץ 1Chr 5:25 mixed post-exile population Ezra 4:4.
d. עַמֵּי הָאָרֶץ usually peoples of the earth Josh 4:24 (D), 2Chr 32:19 +; of heathen peoples about and in Palestine after exile Ezra 10:2; Ezra 10:11 traders Neh 10:31 עַמֵּי הָאֲרָצוֺת Neh 9:30; Neh 10:29; 2Chr 32:13.
e. מִשְׁפְּחוֺת עַמִּים Ps 96:7 = 1Chr 16:28 (compare Ps 22:28). feminine בַּתעַֿמִּי = people personified Isa 22:4; Jer 4:11 + 7 t. Jeremiah + Jer 6:14 (van d. H.; omit בַּת Baer Gi), Lam 2:11; Lam 3:48; Lam 4:3; Lam 4:6; Lam 4:10 בְּתוּלַת בַּתעַֿמִּי Jer 14:17.
g. designations of Israel are: עַםקָֿרוֺשׁ Deut 7:6 + 3 t., קְדוֺשִׁים ׳ע Dan 8:24, (ה)קֹדֶשׁ ׳ע Isa 62:12; Isa 63:18; Dan 12:7 סְגֻלָּה ׳ע Deut 7:6; Deut 14:2; Deut 26:18.
h. of foreign (non-Israel) peoples: ׳ע נָכְרִי Exod 21:8 (E), אַחֵר ׳ע Deut 28:32, and especially from language, עִמְקֵי שָׂפָה ׳ע Ezek 3:5 compare vEzek 3:6, כִּלְשׁוֺן עַם וָעָם Neh 13:24 compare Esth 1:22 (twice in verse); Esth 3:12, לֹעֵג ׳ע Ps 114:1.
i. עַם עֶבְרָתִי Isa 10:6, חֶרְמִי ׳ע Isa 34:11, מִֿבְחָרָיו׳ע Dan 11:15, עַמֵּי תּוֺעֵבוֺת הָאֵלֶּה Ezra 9:14 לֹא עַם בִּינוֺת Isa 27:11. — For עַםעֿוֺלָם Isa 44:7 read (אֹתִיּוֺת) (מִי הִשְׁמִי)עַ מֵעוֺלָם Oort Du Kit Che^Hpt compare Perles^{Anal. 40, 64}.

BDB6147 H5971

II. [עַם] noun [masculine] kinsman

**later development of I. עַם RS^{K 58; 2nd ed. 72}. (on father's side) (Arabic paternal uncle, etc., see I. עמם; compare perhaps Tel Amarna ammu, kinsmen (?); on Nabataean עם ancestor compare Lzb^{151, 499}; see also especially Nes^{Eg 187, ZAW xvi (1896), 322f.} Krenkel^{ib. viii (1888), 280-84}); — suffix עַמִּי in בֶּןעַֿמִּי (q. v.), and proper name following; elsewhere plural suffix עַמֶּיךָ Num 27:13; Num 31:2 (Lev 19:16 read עַמְּךָ ᵐ5 ⅏), + (possibly) עֲמָָמֶיךָ Judg 5:14 עַמָּיו Gen 25:8 + 15 t., עַמֶּיהָ Gen 17:14 + 3 t.; read עַמֶּי (for ᵑ0 עַמִּי, I. עַם; compare Krenkel^{l.c. 281}) Gen 49:29 and perhaps Judg 14:3 (compare Lev 21:14); according to Buhl Kit also 2Kgs 4:13 — father's kinsmen: וַיֵּאָסֵף אֶלעַֿמָּיו Gen 25:8 (of joining kinsmen in Sh®°ôl), so vGen 25:17; Gen 35:29; Gen 49:33; Num 20:24; Deut 32:50, compare Gen 49:29 (see above), Num 27:13; Num 31:2; Deut 32:50 (all P); וְנִכְרְתָה הַנֶּפֶשׁ מֵעַמֶּיהָ Gen 17:4 (severed from living kinsmen), so Lev 7:20; Lev 7:21; Lev 7:23; Lev 7:27; Lev 19:8; Lev 23:29; Num 9:13, מִקֶּרֶב עַמֶּיהָ Exod 31:14, compare Exod 30:33; Exod 30:38; Lev 17:9 (all PH); מֵעַמָּיו יִקַּח אִשָּׁה Lev 21:14 (H), and perhaps Judg 14:3 (simile I. עַם: [םָ֯, הָּ֯] מִקֶּרֶב עַמּוֺ Lev 17:4; Lev 17:10; Lev 18:29+); other combinations Judg 5:14 (si vera lectio read perhaps בְּעַמֶּ֑ךָ, see I. עַם 2 d ), Lev 21:1; Lev 21:4; Lev 21:15 (H), Ezek 18:18 and (perhaps) 2Kgs 4:13. — בֶּןעַֿמִּי perhaps = son of my kinsman; on proper name with עַם see Gray^{Prop. N. 41 ff}.

BDB9776 H5971 H5972

עַם noun masculine^{Ezra 6:12} people (see Biblical Hebrew I. עמם, עַם); — ׳ע absolute Dan 2:44; Dan 3:29; Ezra 6:12, construct Dan 7:27 emphatic עַמָּה Ezra 5:12, עַמָּא Ezra 7:13; Ezra 7:16; Ezra 7:25 plural emphatic עַמֲמַיָּא (K^{§§ 15d}); 55, 5 a)) Dan 3:4; Dan 3:7 (twice in verse); Dan 3:31; Dan 5:19; Dan 6:26; Dan 7:14.

people, nations, nation, peoples, folk, …

ʿam

a people (as a congregated unit); specifically, a tribe (as those of Israel); hence (collectively) troops or attendants; figuratively, a flock

nation, people

people, nation

The cantillation accents are the Masoretes' punctuation: each group below ends at a pausing accent. Translate a group as one unit.

נִצָּ֥ב לָרִ֖יב Tipeha — a lesser break יְהוָ֑ה Etnahta — the verse's main pause — take a breath here וְעֹמֵ֖ד Tipeha — a lesser break לָדִ֥ין עַמִּֽים Silluq — end of the verse

נִצָּב לָרִיב יְהוָה וְעֹמֵד לָדִין עַמִּֽים׃

The LORD standeth up to plead, and standeth to judge the people.

Cross References

Micah 6:2

שִׁמְעוּ הָרִים אֶת-רִיב יְהוָה וְהָאֵתָנִים מוֹסְדֵי אָרֶץ כִּי רִיב לַֽיהוָה עִם-עַמּוֹ וְעִם-יִשְׂרָאֵל יִתְוַכָּֽח׃

Hear ye, O mountains, the LORD's controversy, and ye strong foundations of the earth: for the LORD hath a controversy with his people, and he will plead with Israel.

Hosea 4:1

שִׁמְעוּ דְבַר-יְהוָה בְּנֵי יִשְׂרָאֵל כִּי רִיב לַֽיהוָה עִם-יוֹשְׁבֵי הָאָרֶץ כִּי אֵין-אֱמֶת וְֽאֵין-חֶסֶד וְאֵֽין-דַּעַת אֱלֹהִים בָּאָֽרֶץ׃

Hear the word of the LORD, ye children of Israel: for the LORD hath a controversy with the inhabitants of the land, because there is no truth, nor mercy, nor knowledge of God in the land.

Proverbs 23:10

אַל-תַּסֵּג גְּבוּל עוֹלָם וּבִשְׂדֵי יְתוֹמִים אַל-תָּבֹֽא׃

Remove not the old landmark; and enter not into the fields of the fatherless:

Psalms 12:5

מִשֹּׁד עֲנִיִּים מֵאֶנְקַת אֶבְיוֹנִים עַתָּה אָקוּם יֹאמַר יְהוָה אָשִׁית בְּיֵשַׁע יָפִיחַֽ לֽוֹ׃

For the oppression of the poor, for the sighing of the needy, now will I arise, saith the LORD; I will set him in safety from him that puffeth at him.

Proverbs 22:22

אַֽל-תִּגְזָל-דָּל כִּי דַל-הוּא וְאַל-תְּדַכֵּא עָנִי בַשָּֽׁעַר׃

Rob not the poor, because he is poor: neither oppress the afflicted in the gate:

Isaiah 3:12

Read Isaiah 3

Isaiah 3:14

Isaiah 3:13

Word Breakdown

Vowels & Accents

Grammar VNrmsa

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Brown-Driver-Briggs (BDB)

Strong's Definition H5324

Word Breakdown

Vowels & Accents

Grammar R/Vqc

Verb Chart

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Brown-Driver-Briggs (BDB)

Strong's Definition H7378

Word Breakdown

Vowels & Accents

Grammar Np

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Brown-Driver-Briggs (BDB)

Strong's Definition H3068

Word Breakdown

Vowels & Accents

Grammar C/Vqrmsa

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Brown-Driver-Briggs (BDB)

Strong's Definition H5975

Word Breakdown

Vowels & Accents

Grammar R/Vqc

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Brown-Driver-Briggs (BDB)

Strong's Definition H1777

Word Breakdown

Vowels & Accents

Grammar Ncmpa

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Brown-Driver-Briggs (BDB)

Strong's Definition H5971

Masoretic Phrasing

KJV