BDB8955 H8199
BDB8954 | BIBLICAL HEBREW | BDB8956
שָׁפַט185 verb judge, govern (Late Hebrew in derivatives; Phoenician שפט = שֹׁפֵט, also in proper name; Punic sufet Lzb381; Biblical Aramaic שָֽׁפְטִין; Assyrian šapâtu (t = ת), synonym dânu (דִּין), judge DlWB 684, šip‰u (ט), probably judgment [and šapi‰u, caption?] JenZA iv (1889), 278 f.; on possible connection with Arabic see NöZMG xi (1886), 724; on usage of verb See FergusonJBL viii (1888), 130 ff.); — Qal Perfect 3 masculine singular
׳שׁ Judg 16:31 +, etc.;
Imperfect 3 masculine singular
יִשְׁפֹּט Gen 16:5,
יִשְׁפּוֺט Isa 11:3 3 masculine plural
יִשְׁפְּטוּ Gen 31:53 +,
יִשְׁפּ֫וּטוּ Exod 18:26 (Ki
יִשְׁפּוּט֫וּ; compare
Ges«GKC:47g»§ 47g), etc.;
Infinitive absolute שָׁפוֺט Gen 19:9 construct
שְׁפֹט Ruth 1:1,
לַשְׁפֹּט Exod 8:13 +, etc.;
Imperative שְׁפָטֿ Prov 31:9,
שָׁפְטָה Ps 82:8;
Lam 3:59,
שִׁפְטוּ Isa 1:17 +,
שְׁפֹ֑טוּ Zech 7:9, etc.;
Participle שֹׁפֵט 1Sam 3:13 +, etc.; —
1. act as law-giver, judge, governor (giving law, deciding controversies and executing law, civil, religious, political, social; both early and late):
a. of God only,
שֹׁפֵט כל הארץ Gen 18:25 (
J), ||
מֶלֶךְ,
מְחֹקֵק Isa 33:22.
b. of man,
Gen 19:9 (twice in verse) (
J), Moses deciding cases
Exod 18:13 (
E), making known statutes v
Exod 18:16 (
E); so his assistants v
Exod 18:22 v
Exod 18:22 v
Exod 18:26 v
Exod 18:26 (
E), ||
Deut 1:16 of
שׁפטי ישׂראל Num 25:5 (executioners);
׳י set
שֹׁפְטִים over Israel
Judg 2:16;
Judg 2:18;
2Sam 7:11 =
1Chr 17:10, to deliver Israel,
שׁפט ישׂדאל Judg 3:10;
Judg 4:4;
Judg 10:2;
Judg 10:3 + 9 t. Judges;
1Sam 4:18;
1Sam 7:15;
1Sam 7:16;
1Sam 7:17;
2Kgs 23:22, compare
1Sam 7:6 Participle
שֹׁפֵט as substantive also
Judg 2:17;
Judg 2:18;
Judg 2:19;
1Sam 8:1;
1Sam 8:2;
2Kgs 23:22 ׳שֹׁפְטֵי יִשׂ 1Chr 17:6 (||
2Sam 7:7 שִׂבְטֵי),
בִּימֵי שְׁפֹט הַשֹּׁפְטִים Ruth 1:1 (twice in verse) (compare
מוֺשִׁיעִים Obad 1:21);
שׁפט, ||
מֶלֶךְ 1Sam 8:5;
1Sam 8:6;
1Sam 8:20;
Hos 7:7;
Hos 13:10 שֹׁפֵט ישׂראל Mic 4:14 (= king); king
judges people
1Kgs 3:9 (twice in verse) =
2Chr 1:10;
1Kgs 15:5 =
2Chr 26:21;
2Chr 1:11 absolute
1Kgs 7:7;
Isa 16:5 ||
שׂרים Exod 2:14 (
E)
Amos 2:3;
Zeph 3:3 ||
יוֺעַץ Isa 1:26;
Job 12:17, compare
Isa 3:2 שֹׁפְטֵי אָרֶץ Isa 40:23 (||
רוֺזְנִים),
Prov 8:16 (||
שׂרים),
Ps 2:10;
Ps 148:11 (||
מלכים);
שׁפטינו אשׁר שׁפטונו Dan 9:12 (twice in verse).
2. specifically
decide controversy, discriminate between Persons, in civil, political, domestic and religious questions:
a. of God
Ps 82:1:
בֵּיןוּ֗֗֗בֵין ׳שׁ Gen 16:5 (
J; domestic),
Judg 11:27 (twice in verse);
1Sam 24:13;
1Sam 24:16 (all of war),
Ezek 34:20 (relig.); with
בֵּיןלְ֗֗֗ Ezek 34:17;
Ezek 34:22 (religious); with
בֵּנֵינוּ Gen 31:53 (
E; domestic),
Isa 2:4 =
Mic 4:3 (of war); with
בְּ 2Chr 20:12 (war); with accusative
1Kgs 8:32 =
2Chr 6:23;
Eccl 3:17, condemning wicked and justifying righteous
Job 21:22 (||
ידע),
Job 23:7 absolute
Exod 5:21 (
J)
Job 22:13 צֶדֶק ׳שׁ Jer 11:20;
Ps 9:5 ׳י is
שׁוֺפֵט צַדִּיק Ps 7:12.
b. of man,
בֵּיןוּ֗֗֗בֵין ׳שׁ Exod 18:16 (
E)
Num 35:24 (
P)
Deut 1:16 (all civil),
Isa 5:3 (relig.); with accusative
Lev 19:15 (
H)
Deut 25:1 (all civil),
Ezek 20:4 (twice in verse);
Ezek 22:2 (twice in verse);
Ezek 23:36 מִשְׁפָּט ׳שׁ Deut 16:18;
1Kgs 3:28 (Solomon);
במשׁפטים Ezek 44:24, with
ל 2Chr 19:6 absolute
Ezek 44:24;
Isa 11:3 (king); influenced by bribes
Mic 3:11;
Mic 7:3;
Job 9:24 Absalom desires to decide cases as
שֹׁפֵט 2Sam 15:4 (implying lack of such in his time); according to
2Chr 19:5. 6 Jehoshaphat set up
שׁפטים, apparently for the first as judges in this specific sense; code of Deuteronomy recognizes them:
הַשֹּׁפֵט declares
דְּבַר הַמִּשְׁפָּט Deut 17:9;
Deut 17:12;
Deut 25:2 שׁפטים +
שֹׁטְרִים Deut 16:18;
1Chr 23:4;
1Chr 26:29;
Josh 8:33 (+
זְקֵנִים),
Josh 23:2;
Josh 24:1 (
D; both +
זקנים,
רָאשִׁים), +
זקנים only
Deut 21:2;
Ezra 10:14, +
כֹּהֲנִים Deut 19:17;
Deut 19:18,
שׂרים 2Chr 1:2.
3. execute judgment: a. discriminating, of man only,
משׁפט אמת Zech 7:9,
׳מֵישָׁרִים שׁ Ps 58:2 judge uprightly;
משׁפט שׁלום Zech 8:16,
צֶדֶק Prov 31:9,
עָוֶל Ps 82:2.
b. vindicating, with accusative: (I) subject God,
יתום Ps 10:18, accusative of person
Ps 26:1;
Ps 43:1;
Ps 58:12 (read
שֹׁפְטָם for
שׁפטים),
משׁפט ׳שׁ Lam 3:59 מִיַּד vindicate by delivering from hand of 1Sam 24:16;
2Sam 18:19;
2Sam 18:31 שָׁפְטֵנִי כְּ צִדְקִי ׳י Ps 7:9 שָׁפְטֵנִי כְּ צִדְקְךָ Ps 35:24. (2) subject man, with accusative
יתום Isa 1:17;
Isa 1:23 דל(יםׅ Isa 11:4;
Prov 29:14;
Ps 82:3 עניי עם Ps 72:4 משׁפט אביונים Jer 5:28.
c. condemning and punishing, (I) God
׳כְּדַרְכֵי פ according to ways of Ezek 7:3;
Ezek 7:8;
Ezek 18:30;
Ezek 24:14;
Ezek 33:20;
Ezek 36:19 במשׁפטים Ezek 7:27;
Ezek 23:24 משׁפטי נאפות Ezek 16:38 (=
Ezek 23:45 of human judges); with accusative
1Sam 3:13;
Ps 51:5;
Ezek 11:10;
Ezek 11:11;
Ezek 21:35;
Ezek 35:11. (2) of man, only
שֹׁפְטֵי נַפְשׁוֺ Ps 109:31 and
Ezek 23:45 above, probably also
Ps 141:6 (corrupt).
d. at theophanic advent for final judgment: God is
שֹׁפֵט Ps 50:6;
Ps 75:8 שׁפט הארץ Ps 94:2, with accusative
בא לשׁפט הארץ Ps 96:13 =
1Chr 16:33;
Ps 98:9 הארץ ׳שׁ Ps 82:8 כל הנוים Joel 4:12 עמים Ps 67:5 תבל Ps 9:9;
Ps 96:13 =
Ps 98:9 מישׁרים ׳שׁ Ps 75:3.
Niph`al Perfect 1 singular
נִשְׁפַּטְתִּי Ezek 20:36 + 4 t.;
Imperfect 1 singular
אִשָּׁפֵט Ezek 20:36 אִשָּֽׁפְטָה 1Sam 12:7, etc.;
Infinitive construct חִשָּׁפֵט 2Chr 22:8 suffix
הִשָּֽׁפְטוֺ Ps 37:33;
Ps 109:7 Participle נִשְׁפָּט Isa 59:4 + 4 t.; —
BDB9978 H8199 H8200
BDB9977 | BIBLICAL ARAMAIC | BDB9979
[שְׁפַט] verb judge (Biblical Hebrew שָׁפַט); — Participle as plural noun absolute שָֽׁפְמִין Ezra 7:25 judges.
שַׁפִּיר see שׁפר. below