Isaiah 40:19

הַפֶּ֙סֶל֙ נָסַ֣ךְ חָרָ֔שׁ וְצֹרֵ֖ף בַּזָּהָ֣ב יְרַקְּעֶ֑נּוּ וּרְתֻק֥וֹת כֶּ֖סֶף צוֹרֵֽף
The workman melteth a graven image, and the goldsmith spreadeth it over with gold, and casteth silver chains.
Select a Hebrew word above to see its details.

הַ פֶּ֙סֶל֙
הַ
Prefix — article the
פֶּ֙סֶל֙
Root word image, images, graven
Dictionary form: פֶּסֶל · peh-SEL

Noun — Common, masculine singular, absolute state

In the KJV here: a graven image
a graven image ×9 the graven image ×4 by the graven image ×2 a carved image ×1 and a graven image ×1 and my graven image ×1 and the graven image ×1 any graven ×1
More options
idol — Broadest modern term; fits most narrative and poetic contexts.
carved image — Modernizes KJV; emphasizes the act of carving/sculpting.
cult statue — Precise academic/formal register; highlights ritual function.
sculpted figure — Neutral, descriptive; suits literary or accessible translations.
divine image — Stresses the claimed sacred status of the object.
handmade god — Polemical tone; good in prophetic/satirical passages (e.g. Isa 44).

BDB6701 H6459

BDB6700 | BIBLICAL HEBREW | BDB6702

פֶּ֫סֶל31 noun masculineHab 2:18 idol, image; — absolute ׳פ Judg 17:3 +, פָּ֑סֶל Isa 42:17 construct פֶּסֶל Judg 18:31 +; suffix פִּסְלִי Isa 48:5, etc.; plural supplied by פְּסִילִים see following; — idol, as likeness of man or animal Exod 20:4=Deut 5:8; Deut 4:16; Deut 4:23; Deut 4:25, also Deut 27:15; 2Kgs 21:7; 2Chr 33:7; Isa 42:17; Isa 44:9; Isa 48:5; Nah 1:14; Hab 2:18 (of wood or stone, compare vHab 2:19); of metal Judg 17:3; Judg 17:4 + 6 t. 18 (compare GFM), Isa 40:19; Isa 44:10 (with נָסַךְ), Jer 10:14; Jer 51:17 (with צוֺרֵף); of wood Isa 40:20; Isa 44:15; Isa 44:17; Isa 45:20.

image, images, graven
pesel
an idol
  • idol, image

נָסַ֣ךְ
נָסַ֣ךְ
Root word out, cover, poured, offer, set, …
Dictionary form: נָסַךְ · naw-SAHK

Verb — Qal, Perfect (Qatal), third person masculine singular simple action — "he did" completed action — try "he ___ed" or "he has ___ed" the built-in subject is "he (or it)"

In the KJV here: melteth
and to pour out ×4 and poured out ×3 offer ×2 and have poured out ×1 and he poured ×1 and poured ×1 hath poured out ×1 her and pour out ×1
More options
pour out — Most common sense; liquid offerings or libations.
offer a libation — Precise ritual term for drink offerings.
cast (metal) — Use when context involves melting and molding metal.
cover — Less common; use when shielding or overlaying is meant.
install — Figurative sense; appointing or setting a king in place.

BDB5231 H5258

BDB5230 | BIBLICAL HEBREW | BDB5232

I. נָסַךְ verb pour out (Late Hebrew id., pour, cast (metals, Pi`el make libation; Phoenician נסך cast gold or iron Lzb323 f.; ᵑ7 נְסַךְ make libation; Syriac pour out; Arabic , originally be-pour, water NöZMG xii (1887), 719 (rare), usually worship Lane3032 (compare RSSemitic i. 213; 2d ed. 229), i.e. pour out blood of victim, pour out wine WeHeid. 2, 114, 118, 142; —

Qal Perfect 3 masculine singular נָסַךְ Isa 29:10; Isa 40:19 נָסָ֑ךְ Isa 44:10 Imperfect 3 masculine plural יִסְּכוּ Hos 9:4 2 masculine singular תִּסְּכוּ Exod 30:9 Infinitive לִנְסֹךְ Isa 30:1 Participle Pass. feminine נְסוּכָה Isa 25:7 —
1. pour out, with עַל (the spirit of deep sleep) Isa 29:10.
2. pour out libations, with accusative נֶסֶךְ Exod 30:9 (P); מַסֵּכָה Isa 30:1 יַיִן Hos 9:4.
3. cast metal images, with accusative פֶּסֶל Isa 40:19; Isa 44:10.

Piel Imperfect יְנַסֵךְ 1Chr 11:18 pour out as libation, with accusative מַיִם + ליהוה (= 2Sam 23:16 Hiph`il).

Hiph`il Perfect 3 masculine plural הִסִּכוּ Jer 32:39 Imperfect 3 masculine singular וַיַּסֵךְ Gen 35:14 + 2 t.; 1 singular אַסִּיךְ Ps 16:4 3 masculine plural וַיַסִּיכוּ Ezek 20:28 Imperative הַסֵךְ Num 28:7 Infinitive absolute הַסֵּיךְ Jer 44:17 הַסֵךְ Jer 7:18 + 3 t.; construct לְהַסֵךְ Jer 44:19; Jer 44:25 (Köi. 309); — pour out libations, with accusative נֶסֶךְ Gen 35:14 (E), 2Kgs 16:13; Num 28:7 (P), מַיִם 2Sam 23:16 ליהוה; elsewhere, נְסָכִים to other gods Jer 7:18; Jer 19:13; Jer 32:29; Jer 44:17; Jer 44:18; Jer 44:19 (twice in verse); Jer 44:25; Ezek 20:28; Ps 16:4.

Hoph`al Imperfect 3 masculine singular יֻסַּךְ be poured out, Exod 25:29; Exod 37:16, of holy wine, with בְ of vessels.

BDB5238 H5258

BDB5237 | BIBLICAL HEBREW | BDB5239

III. [נָסַךְ] verb set, install (Assyrian nasâku, id., whence nasîku, prince, DlHWB 472; see also Muss-ArnHebraica. vi. 89. R. 17 and references); —

Qal Perfect 1 singular נָסַכְתִּי מַלְכִּי עַלצִֿיּוֺן Ps 2:6 I have installed my king upon Zion. Niph`al Perfect 1 singular נִסַּכְתִּי Prov 8:23 I was installed (of Wisdom).

BDB9711 H5258 H5260

BDB9710 | BIBLICAL ARAMAIC | BDB9712

נְסַךְ verb pour out (see Biblical Hebrew I. נָסַךְ); —

Pa`el (more generally): Infinitive לְנַסָּכָה לֵהּ Dan 2:46 to offer in sacrifice to him, with accusative מִנְחָה וְנִיחֹחִין.

out, cover, poured, offer, set, …
nāsak
to pour out, especially a libation, or to cast (metal); by analogy, to anoint a king
  • to pour out, pour, offer, cast
    • (Qal)
      • to pour out
        • "to cast metal images"to anoint (a king)
      (Niphal) to be anointed"(Piel) to pour out (as a libation)"(Hiphil) to pour out libations"(Hophal) to be poured out
    to set, install
    • (Qal) to install
      • "(Niphal) to be installed

חָרָ֔שׁ
חָרָ֔שׁ
Root word carpenters, workman, craftsmen, engraver, smith, …
Dictionary form: חָרָשׁ · haw-ROHSH

Noun — Common, masculine singular, absolute state

In the KJV here: the workman
and carpenters ×3 of the workman ×2 also the workman ×1 an engraver ×1 and craftsmen ×1 and skilful ×1 and the carpenters ×1 and the workmen ×1
More options
craftsman — Broadest term; suits most contexts regardless of material.
artisan — Slightly elevated register; good for skilled, respected tradespeople.
smith — Prefer when the context specifies metalworking.
woodworker — Use when context clearly indicates working with wood.
engraver — Best for inscribing stone, metal, or seal-cutting contexts.
skilled worker — Plain, inclusive; useful for collective or ambiguous trade contexts.

BDB3182 H2796 H1516 H2798

BDB3181 | BIBLICAL HEBREW | BDB3183

חָרָשׁ noun masculineExod 38:23 graver, artificer (Phoenician חרש) — absolute ׳ח (= *חַרָּשׁ) Exod 35:35 + 14 t.; construct חָרַשׁ Exod 28:11 + 2 t.; plural חָֽרָשִׁים Hos 13:2 + 7 t.; חֲרָשִׁים 1Chr 4:14 (twice in verse); Neh 11:35 (see below); construct חָֽרָשֵׁי 2Sam 5:11 + 6 t.; —

1. graver, artificer:
  a. worker in metal 1Sam 13:19; Hos 8:6; Hos 13:2; Deut 27:15; Jer 10:9 (|| צֹרֵף), Isa 40:19 (|| id.), Isa 54:16; 1Chr 29:5 בַּרְזֶל ׳ח Isa 44:12; 2Chr 24:12 perhaps also Isa 41:7 (+ צֹרֵף); apparently = hammer Zech 2:3 (symbolic).
  b. worker in wood עֵץ ׳ח 2Sam 5:11 = 1Chr 14:1 (עֵצִים), 2Kgs 12:12; 2Kgs 22:6 = 2Chr 34:11; Jer 10:3; Isa 40:20; Isa 44:13 (see also 1Chr 22:15 below); perhaps also Ezra 3:7; 2Chr 24:12 (both || חצב).
  c. worker in stone אֶבֶן קִיר ׳ח 2Sam 5:11 = 1Chr 14:1 (omitted אבן); also of engraving on gems אבן ׳ח Exod 28:11 (P; || פִּתּוּחֵי חֹתָם); see also following
  d. in general אֶבֶן וָעֵץ ׳ח 1Chr 22:15 idol-maker צִירִים ׳ח Isa 45:16, compare Isa 44:11 (also vIsa 44:12 vIsa 44:13 above), 2Kgs 24:14; 2Kgs 24:16; Jer 24:1; Jer 29:2 (all || מַסְגֵּר), Exod 35:35; Exod 38:23 (both P; both || חשֵׁב). In גֵּיא חֲרָשִׁים 1Chr 4:14, ׳גֵּי הַחֲ Neh 11:35 valley of (the) artificers, and חֲרָשִׁים artificers 1Chr 4:14, ח has ֲ֯ exceptionally, see Ol§ 183 a Köii, § 60. 5; read חָֽרָשִׁים?
2. figurative מַשְׁחִית ׳ח Ezek 21:36 men skilled to destroy.

carpenters, workman, craftsmen, engraver, smith, …
ḥāroš
a fabricator or any material
  • craftsman, artisan, engraver, graver, artificer
    • graver, artificer
      • "skilful to destroy (warriors) (figuratively)

וְ צֹרֵ֖ף
וְ
Prefix — connector and (sometimes: but, so, then)
צֹרֵ֖ף
Root word tried, founder, goldsmith, try, goldsmiths, …
Dictionary form: צָרַף · tsaw-RAHP

Verb — Qal, Participle Active, masculine singular, absolute state simple action — "he did" ongoing action — try "___ing" or "one who ___s"

In the KJV here: and the goldsmith
is tried ×3 founder ×2 a goldsmith ×1 and casteth ×1 and i will try ×1 and the goldsmith ×1 and tried ×1 and will refine ×1
More options
refine — Best general choice for purifying metal by heat.
purify — Emphasizes the resulting cleanliness; good in poetic or spiritual contexts.
test — Highlights assaying quality; suits trials of character or faith.
smelt — Technically precise for melting ore to separate metal.
assay — Formal/technical term for testing metal purity; literary register.
goldsmith — Use as a noun when the participle denotes the craftsman's trade.

BDB7250 H6884

BDB7249 | BIBLICAL HEBREW | BDB7251

צָרַף verb smelt, refine, test (Late Hebrew id.; Phoenician מצרף smelter; Assyrian ƒurrupu, refined, ƒarpu, silver, naƒraptu, crucible; Arabic is pure, unmixed (especially of wine);

**compare pure silver, etc., SchulthGGA, 1902, 673; also ZimGGA, 1899, 250; KAT 3, 650 (Hebrew, etc., borrowed from Assyrian); very doubtful is Sabean צרף silver, money, compare MordtmHim. Inschr. pp. 14, 29 CISiv, No. 291, 1.1); —
Qal Perfect 3 masculine singular ׳צ Jer 6:29, suffix צְרָפָ֑תְהוּ Ps 105:19 2 masculine singular suffix צְרַפְתָּנִי Ps 17:3, etc.; Imperfect 1 singular אֶצְרֹף Isa 1:25, suffix אֶצְרְפֶנּוּ Judg 7:4 Imperative masculine singular צרופה Ps 26:2 Kt, צָרְפָה Qr; Infinitive absolute צָרוֺף Jer 6:29 construct לִצְרוֺף Dan 11:35, etc.; Participle active suffix צוֺרְכָּם Jer 9:6, etc.; pass. צָרוּף Ps 12:7, etc.; —
1. smelt, refine: Jer 6:29 (twice in verse) in vain hath he smelted continually (infinitive absolute; figurative of purifying people); so smelt away Isa 1:25 (accusative of dross; figurative); of silver Zech 13:9; Ps 66:10, כֶּסֶף צָרוּף בַּעֲלִיל Ps 12:7 (all simile); of ׳אִמְרַת י Ps 18:31 = 2Sam 22:31; Ps 119:140; Prov 30:5 (אִמְרַת אֱלוֺהַּ); refine (men, by trials) Dan 11:35 (+ לִבָרֵר, לַלְבֵּן).
2. test Judg 7:4 I will test them (the warriors) for thee (׳י subject); — perhaps also vJudg 7:3 (see I. צפר); more generally, of ׳י's testing, trying (the hearts of) men (often || בָּחַן) Jer 9:6; Isa 48:10; Zech 13:9; Ps 26:2; Ps 66:10.
3. test (and prove true) a man (subject ׳י's saying) Ps 105:19.
4. Participle active as noun smelter, refiner, hence = goldsmith Judg 17:4; Jer 10:9; Jer 10:14; Jer 51:17; Isa 40:19 (twice in verse) (but perhaps strike out vb, compare Du Che Marti), Isa 41:7; Isa 46:6; Prov 25:4 as a guild Neh 3:8; Neh 3:32. Niph`al Imperfect 3 masculine plural יִצָּֽרְפוּ Dan 12:10 many shall be refined (by suffering; + יִתְבָּֽרְרוּ, יִתְלַבְּנוּ). Pi`el Participle מְצָרֵף as noun a refiner, ׳כְּאֵשׁ מ Mal 3:2 (simile of ׳י), compare ׳מְ alone vMal 3:3 (+ מְטַהֵר כֶּסֶף).

tried, founder, goldsmith, try, goldsmiths, …
ṣārap
to fuse (metal), i.e., refine (literally or figuratively)
  • to smelt, refine, test
    • (Qal)
      • to smelt, refine
        • "to test"to test (and prove true)"smelter, refiner, goldsmith (participle)
      (Niphal) to be refined"(Piel) to be a refiner
      • refiner (participle)

בַּ זָּהָ֣ב
בַּ
Prefix — preposition in, at, by, with + "the" (the article is absorbed into the prefix)
זָּהָ֣ב
Root word gold, golden, weather
Dictionary form: זָהָב · dzaw-HAWB

בַּ
Hidden "the" בַּ = the preposition + the article הַ squeezed together: the "a" vowel under the prefix is the swallowed "the". Translate "in the ___".

Noun — Common, masculine singular, absolute state

In the KJV here: it over with gold
of gold ×117 gold ×69 and gold ×29 and the gold ×15 with gold ×15 golden ×14 the gold ×13 the golden ×11
More options
gold — Default choice; works as noun in most contexts.
golden — Use as adjective when modifying a noun.
made of gold — Clarifies material when construction is ambiguous.
gold plating — Use when context implies a surface coating or overlay.
pure gold — Emphasizes quality or purity in cultic/royal contexts.

BDB2294 H2091

BDB2293 | BIBLICAL HEBREW | BDB2295

זָהָב385noun masculineGen 2:12 gold (Late Hebrew id.; Arabic Sabean דֿהב e.g. Os29 DHMZMG 1883, 338; Aramaic דְּהַב, , Palmyrene דהבא VogNo. 23) — ׳ז absolute Gen 2:11 + 364 t.; construct Gen 2:12 + 6 t.; suffix זְהָבִי 1Kgs 20:7 + 2 t.; זְהָֽבְךָ 1Kgs 20:3; 1Kgs 20:5 זְהָבֶ֑ךָ Isa 30:22 זְהָבוֺ Isa 2:20; Isa 31:7 זְהָבָם Hos 8:4 + 4 t.; — gold,

1. = gold-ore, gold in a raw state, Gen 2:11; Gen 2:12; Jer 10:9; Prov 17:3; Prov 27:21; Job 28:1 +; perhaps also 1Kgs 9:28; 1Kgs 10:11; 1Kgs 22:49 etc.; compare ׳עַפְרֹת ז Job 28:6 gold-dust; see also Zech 13:9 (simile of tried people ׳י) and compare Mal 3:3 likewise Job 23:10 (simile of Job's purity, as shewn by divine tests); מִצָּפוֺן זָהָב Job 37:22 is dubious
**read perhaps זֹהַר Du and Dr; Ew De and others out of the North comes gold; others, however, golden light, brightness, of sun after clouds dispersed by north wind, ᵐ5 Rabb Da and others; or golden splendour of God coming from north BöÄ 76 Hi and others; Siegf conjecture יהוה for זהב
2. gold as wealth Gen 13:2 (J; + מִקְנֶה, כֶּסֶף) Gen 24:34 (J; + צאֹן, בָּקָר, כֶּסֶף, עֲבָדִם, שְׁפָחֹת, גְּמַלִּים, חֲמֹרִים) compare Hos 2:8; Isa 2:7; Deut 8:13; Deut 17:17; Job 3:15; Job 31:24; Zech 14:14; Ezra 1:4; Ezra 1:6 +; in general, as precious: נִבְחָר שֵׁם מֵעשֶׁר רָ֑ב מִכֶּסֶף וּמִזָּהָב חֵן טוֺב Prov 22:1 to be chosen is a name more than great riches, and good favour more than silver and than gold; Job 28:17 (of wisdom) gold and glass do not equal it; Ps 19:10 (ordinances of ׳י) which are more to be desired than gold; compare Ps 119:72; Ps 119:127; also metaphor of princes and chief men of Zion Lam 4:1 (compare vLam 4:2).
3. gold as spoil of war Josh 6:19 (+ כֶּסֶף, כְּלֵינְֿחשֶׁת, בַּרְזֶל) so vJosh 6:24, compare Josh 7:21; Josh 7:24; Josh 22:8; 2Kgs 7:8 +.
4. gold as merchandise Ezek 27:22 (+ אֶבֶן יְקָרָה, ראֹשׁ כָּלבּֿשֶֹׁם), compare also gold from Ophir 1Kgs 9:28 etc. (see below 7 below)
5. gold as costly gift: to a prophet ׳מְלֹא בֵּיתוֺ כֶּסֶף וְז (hypothet.), Num 22:18; Num 24:13 (both E); brought by queen of Sheba to Solomon 1Kgs 10:2; 1Kgs 10:10 (both + אֶבֶן יְקָרָה and בְּשָׂמִים) = 2Chr 9:1; 2Chr 9:9 as tribute 2Kgs 23:35 (twice in verse) (compare v2Kgs 23:33 all + כֶּסֶף); as satisfaction for murder 2Sam 21:4 (+ כֶּסֶף).
6. gold as material: of (nose- or ear-) ring, נֶזֶם Gen 24:22; Exod 32:2; Exod 32:3; Judg 8:24; Judg 8:25; Prov 11:22; Prov 25:12; Job 42:11 of chain Gen 41:42, shields 2Sam 8:7, images of emerods 1Sam 6:4; 1Sam 6:17 and mice v1Sam 6:4 v1Sam 6:11 v1Sam 6:18 בְּמַשְׂכִּיּוֺת כֶּסֶף ׳תַּפּוּחֵי ז Prov 25:11 ׳גֻּלַּת ז Exod 12:6 ׳כְּלֵיזֿ Exod 3:22; Exod 11:2; Exod 12:35; 1Sam 6:8; Ps 105:37 etc.; כְּלֵיכֶֿסֶף וּכְלֵי זָהָב Gen 24:53 as presents to a bride (+ בְּגָדִים); so of presents to secure king's favour 2Sam 8:10 (+ כְּלֵי נְחשֶׁת), and in list of yearly gifts or tribute to Solomon 1Kgs 10:25 = 2Chr 9:24 as material of idols אֱלֹהֵי ׳כֶסֶף וֵאלֹהֵי ז Exod 20:23 compare Exod 32:31; Hos 8:4; Isa 2:20; Isa 30:22; Isa 31:7; Deut 29:16; Ps 115:4; Ps 135:15 as plating of idols Deut 7:25 especially as material of the furnishings of Solomon's temple, or (oftener) the platings of temple, or parts thereof, or of its furnishings 1Kgs 6:20; 1Kgs 6:21 (3 t. in verse); 1Kgs 6:22 (twice in verse); 1Kgs 6:28; 1Kgs 7:48 + 10 t. 1Kgs 6:7 also 2Chr 3:5 (twice in verse); 2Chr 3:6 + 14 t. 2Chr 3:4 cf 1Chr 28:14 (twice in verse) + 14 t. 1Chr 28:29 (David's preparation for temple); see also 2Kgs 24:13 compare 2Kgs 14:14 = 2Chr 25:24; 2Kgs 25:15 = Jer 52:19 (in accounts of plundering temple etc.); but more often still of furnishing and utensils of tabernacle, insignia of high-priest etc., Exod 25:3; Exod 25:11; Exod 25:24 + 97 t. Ex 25-40, Lev 8:9; Num 4:11; Num 8:4 (in case of large objects frequently of plating or sheathing, compare 12 c below) Note the expressions ליהוה ׳תְּנוּפַת ז Exod 35:22 a wave-offering of gold, זְהַב הַתְּנוּפָה Exod 38:24 also זְהַב הַתְּרוּמָה Num 31:52 (all P) compare Ezra 8:25, and (of offering to heathen god) יְכַבֵּד בְּזָהָב Dan 11:38.
7. gold described by its source, especially gold from Ophir (compare Glass: Skizze ii. 357 ff. 368) 1Kgs 9:28; 1Kgs 10:11; 1Kgs 22:49; 1Chr 29:4; 2Chr 8:18; 2Chr 9:10 so perh Jer 10:9 (read אוֺפִיר for אוּפַז Ew Klo and others); זְהַב שְׁבָא Ps 72:15 on פַּרְוָ֑יִם ׳ז 2Chr 3:6 see פרוים; compare further Gen 2:11; Gen 2:12.
8. gold defined by var. adjective and pts.: שָׁחוּט ׳ז beaten gold (see שָׁחַט) 1Kgs 10:16; 1Kgs 10:17 = 2Chr 9:15 (twice in verse); 2Chr 9:16 סָגוּר ׳ז 1Kgs 6:20; 1Kgs 6:21 also 1Kgs 7:49; 1Kgs 7:50; 1Kgs 10:21 = 2Chr 4:20; 2Chr 4:22; 2Chr 9:21 (on meaning see סָגַר); especially (but only P & Chronicles) טָהוֺר ׳ז pure gold Exod 25:11; Exod 25:17; Exod 25:24 + 21 t. Exod 25. 28. 30. 37. 39 (of equipments of tabernacle and high priest's insignia), 1Chr 28:17; 2Chr 3:4; 2Chr 9:17 compare טוֺב ׳ז 2Chr 3:5; 2Chr 3:8 on מוּפָז ׳ז 1Kgs 10:18, AV best gold, compare אוּפָז, פָּזַז.
9. ׳ז as measure of weight and value:
  a. = gold-shekel, מִשְׁקָלָם ׳עֲשָׂרָה ז Gen 24:22 ׳כַּף אַחַת עֲשָׂרָה ז Num 7:14 + 11 t. Num 7 אֶלֶף ׳וּשְׁבַעמֵֿאוֺת ז Judg 8:26, compare 1Kgs 10:16; 2Kgs 5:5; 2Chr 9:15; 2Chr 9:16 וָכָ֑סֶף ׳אַלְפֵי ז Ps 119:72 compare further Josh 7:21 but also (only Chronicles) שֶׁקֶל expressed: מִשְׁקַל ׳שִׁקְלֵי ז שֵׁשׁ מֵאוֺת 1Chr 21:25 (50 shekels of silver in || 2Sam 24:24); ׳וּמִשְׁקָל לְמִסְמְרוֺת לִשְׁקָלִים חֲמִשִּׁים ז 2Chr 3:9.
  b. ׳שְׁלשֶׁת מָנִים ז 1Kgs 10:17 three minas of gold (see מָנֶה).
  c. ׳כִּכַּר ז talent of gold 2Sam 12:30; 1Kgs 9:14 + (see כִּכָּר).
  d. זָהָב דַּרְכְּמוֺנִים שֵׁשׁרִֿבּאֹוֺת וָאֶלֶף Ezra 2:69 compare Neh 7:69; Neh 7:70; Neh 7:71 also עֶשְׂרִים לַאֲדַרְכֹּנִים אָ֑לָף ׳וּכְפֹרֵי ז Ezra 8:27 (see דַּרְכְּמוֺן); — with the above should perhaps be compared מִכִּיס ׳הַזָּלִים ז Isa 46:6 i.e. the gold used in making the god was the coin carried in the bag.
10. ׳ז = golden oil, from colour, Zech 4:12.
11. ׳ז often named with כֶּסֶף, and then, in earlier and sometimes in later writings, follows it: בַּכֶּסֶף וּבַזָּהָב Gen 13:2 (J), compare Gen 24:35; Gen 24:53; Gen 44:8 (all J) Exod 3:22; Exod 11:2; Exod 12:35; Num 22:18; Num 24:13 (all E), Josh 6:19; Josh 6:24 (JE), Deut 7:25; Deut 17:17; Deut 29:16; 2Sam 8:11; 2Sam 21:4; 1Kgs 7:51; 1Kgs 15:15; 1Kgs 15:18; 1Kgs 15:19; 2Kgs 7:8; 2Kgs 16:8; 2Kgs 18:14; 2Kgs 20:13; 2Kgs 23:33; 2Kgs 23:35 (twice in verse); Hos 2:10; Hos 8:4; Hos 60:9; Hos 38:13; Joel 4:5, Prov 22:1; Ps 105:37; Ps 115:4; Ps 135:15; 2Chr 1:15; 2Chr 5:1; Ezra 1:4; Ezra 8:25; Dan 11:8; Eccl 2:8 +; in later writings ׳ז often precedes Ezek 28:4; Zech 14:14; Mal 3:3; 1Chr 18:10; 1Chr 22:14; 1Chr 22:16; 1Chr 28:15; 1Chr 28:16; 1Chr 29:3; 1Chr 29:4; 1Chr 29:5; 1Chr 29:7; 2Chr 9:14; 2Chr 9:21; 2Chr 24:14; 2Chr 25:24; Ezra 1:11; Ps 119:72; Song 1:11; Dan 11:38 +, and so in P, Exod 25:3; Exod 31:4; Exod 35:5; Exod 35:32; Num 31:32 yet also as early as Hab 2:19; 1Kgs 10:22; 2Kgs 25:15.
12. the chief verbs used with ׳ז are:
  a. עָשָׂה make of (c. 2 accusative) 1Kgs 7:48 (compare v1Kgs 7:49 v1Kgs 7:49 v1Kgs 7:50 v1Kgs 7:50) 1Kgs 10:16; 1Kgs 12:28; 1Kgs 14:26; 2Chr 4:7; 2Chr 4:8; 2Chr 4:19; 2Chr 12:9; 2Chr 13:8, and especially in P (tabernacle) Exod 25:11; Exod 25:17; Exod 25:18 + 35 t. Ex 25-39; also followed by בְּ work in gold, וּבַכֶּסֶף וּבַנְּחשֶׁת ׳לַעֲשׂוֺת בַּזּ Exod 31:4; Exod 35:32, also (+ בַּבַּרְזֶל, etc.), 2Chr 2:6; 2Chr 2:13
  b. יָצַק (object ׳טַבְּעֹת ז) Exod 25:12; Exod 37:3; Exod 37:13 (all P);
  c. צִפָּה overlay with (c. 2 accusative) 1Kgs 6:20; 1Kgs 6:21 (twice in verse); 1Kgs 6:22; 1Kgs 6:28; 1Kgs 6:30; 1Kgs 6:32; 1Kgs 6:35 (1Kgs 6:32 v1Kgs 6:35 one accusative omitted), 1Kgs 10:18; 2Chr 3:4; 2Chr 3:10; 2Chr 9:17, and especially P (tabernacle) Exod 25:11; Exod 25:13; Exod 25:24; Exod 25:28 + 15 t. Ex 26-37; in same sense
  d. ׳וַיְחַפֵּהוּ ז 2Chr 3:5 compare v2Chr 3:7 v2Chr 3:8 v2Chr 3:9, and
  e. וָכֶסֶף ׳תָּפוּשׂ ז Hab 2:19 encased in gold and silver; also feminine יְרַקְּעֶנּוּ ׳בַּזּ Isa 40:19
  g. רדד Hiph`il, ׳וַיָּ֫רֶב עַלהַֿכְּרוּבִים וְעַלהַֿתִּמֹּרוֺת אֶתהַֿזּ 1Kgs 6:32 and he spread upon the cherubim and upon the palm-trees the gold; further
  h. בָּחַן try, Zech 13:9 compare
  i. זִקַּק Mal 3:3. — On דִּי זָהָב, proper name; on מֵי זָהָב proper name see below מַיִם.

BDB9429 H1722 H2091

BDB9428 | BIBLICAL ARAMAIC | BDB9430

דָּהָב23 noun masculineDan 2:32 gold (so ᵑ7 Syriac; Biblical Hebrew זָהָב); — absolute ׳ד Dan 2:32 +, דְּהַ֑ב Ezra 7:15 emphatic דַּהֲבָה Ezra 5:14; Ezra 6:5; Ezra 7:18, בָא- Dan 2:35 + 15 t. Daniel.

gold, golden, weather
zāhāb
gold, figuratively, something gold-colored (i.e., yellow), as oil, a clear sky
  • gold
    • as precious metal
      • "as a measure of weight"of brilliance, splendor (figuratively)

יְרַקְּעֶ ֑נּוּ
יְרַקְּעֶ
Root word abroad, out, plates, spreadeth, stamp, …
֑נּוּ
Suffix — pronoun his / him / it
Dictionary form: רָקַע · raw-KA

Verb — Piel, Imperfect (Yiqtol), third person masculine singular intensive — "he really / thoroughly did" not-yet-complete action — try "he will ___" or "he ___s" the built-in subject is "he (or it)"

In the KJV here: spreadeth
and did spread them abroad ×1 and stamp ×1 and stamped ×1 and they did beat ×1 and they were made broad ×1 he that spread forth ×1 him spread out ×1 spread into plates ×1
More options
spread — Broadest modern equivalent; suits most contexts.
hammer — Prefer when metal is beaten flat into sheets.
beat out — Emphasizes forceful flattening of metal.
flatten — General physical sense of making something thin/wide.
stamp — Use for treading/stamping with the foot.
stretch out — Good for cosmic imagery, e.g. spreading the sky.

BDB8109 H7554

BDB8108 | BIBLICAL HEBREW | BDB8110

[רָקַע] verb beat, stamp, beat out, spread out (Late Hebrew id.; Hiph`il, Aramaic רְקַע Aph`el, both spread out, and derivatives; Syriac press down (Luke 6:38 ᵑ6), spread out, also consolidate; Arabic patch, put on a patch, repair, compare Christian-Palestinian Aramaic patch, swaddling-bands, SchwIdioticon 90; Phoenician מרקע platter, or bowl, of gold CISi. 90, 1); —

Qal Imperfect 1 singular suffix אֶרְקָעֵם 2Sam 22:43 I will stamp them down (probably gloss to אֲדִקֵּם preceding, of. BaePs 18:43); Imperative רְקַע בְּדַגְלְךָ Ezek 6:11 beat (stamp) with thy foot, in token of contemptuous pleasure, compare Da (|| הַכֵּה בְכַפְּךָ); so Infinitive construct suffix רַקְעֲךָ בְּרָ֑גֶל Ezek 25:6 (|| מַחְאֲךָ יָד); Participle active as substantive construct (Ges«GKC:65d»§ 65d) רֹקַע הָאָרֶץ (i.e. ׳י) he that (beateth out) spreadeth out the earth Isa 42:5, רֹקַע ׳הַא Isa 44:24, ׳רוֺקַע הָא Ps 136:6. Pi`el Imperfect 3 masculine singular suffix בַּזָּהָב יְרַקְּעֶנּוּ Isa 40:19 a goldsmith with gold over-layeth it (literally beateth it out 3 masculine plural וַיְרַקְּעוּ אֶתֿ פַּחֵי הַזָּהָב Exod 39:3 they beat out the plates of gold; suffix וַיְרִקְּעוּם צִפּוּי Num 17:4 they beat them out as plating. Pu`al Participle כֶּסֶף מְרֻקָּ֑ע Jer 10:9 silver beaten out. Hiph`il Imperfect 2 masculine singular תַּרְקִיעַ עִמּוֺ לִשְׁחָקִים Job 37:18 canst thou make with (= like) him a spreading for clouds (spread out clouds; cf, רָקִיעַ)?

abroad, out, plates, spreadeth, stamp, …
rāqaʿ
to pound the earth (as a sign of passion); by analogy to expand (by hammering); by implication, to overlay (with thin sheets of metal)
  • to beat, stamp, beat out, spread out, stretch
    • (Qal)
      • to stamp, beat out
        • "one who beats out (participle)
      (Piel) to overlay, beat out (for plating)"(Pual) beaten out (participle)"(Hiphil) to make a spreading (of clouds)

וּ רְתֻק֥וֹת
וּ
Prefix — connector and (sometimes: but, so, then)
רְתֻק֥וֹת
Root word chains
Dictionary form: רְתֻקָה · reh-too-KAW

Noun — Common, feminine plural, construct state plural — usually add "-s"; "___ of …" — bound to the next word

In the KJV here: chains
chains ×1
More options
chains — Most natural modern rendering; widely understood.
fetters — Implies restraint; suits captivity or punishment contexts.
shackles — Strong connotation of binding and imprisonment.
bonds — More abstract; fits poetic or figurative passages.

BDB8140 H7577

BDB8139 | BIBLICAL HEBREW | BDB8141

[רְתֻקָה] noun [feminine] chain (?); — plural construct כֶּסֶף רְתֻקוֺת Isa 40:19.

chains
rĕtuqâ
something fastened, i.e., a chain
  • chain

כֶּ֖סֶף
כֶּ֖סֶף
Root word silver, money, price, silverlings
Dictionary form: כֶּסֶף · keh-SEP

Noun — Common, masculine singular, absolute state

In the KJV here: silver
of silver ×85 silver ×59 money ×29 the money ×28 the silver ×25 and silver ×19 pieces of silver ×11 shekels of silver ×10
More options
silver — Primary meaning; use for the metal itself.
money — Use when context implies general currency or payment.
cash — Informal register; suits commercial or everyday transactions.
price — Use when emphasizing cost or valuation of something.
coin — Use when referring to specific minted pieces of currency.
funds — Broader term; suits contexts of wealth or financial resources.

BDB4136 H3701

BDB4135 | BIBLICAL HEBREW | BDB4137

כֶּ֫סֶף402 noun masculineGen 23:9 silver, money (Late Hebrew id.; Phoenician, Zinjirli כסף; Aramaic כַּסְפָּא ; Palmyrene כספא VogNo. 23; Assyrian kaspu; probably the pale metal Thes and others, compare RSJPh xiv,125) — ׳כ absolute Gen 20:16 +, כָּ֑סֶף Exod 21:11 +; construct Exod 43:21 +; suffix כַּסְפִּי Gen 42:28 + 3 t., כַּסְפְּךָ 1Kgs 20:3 + 2 t., כַּסְפֶּ֑ךָ Gen 17:13; Isa 30:22, כַּסְפֵּךְ Isa 1:22, כַּסְפֵּנוּ Gen 31:15 + 2 t., כַּסְפָּם Hos 8:4 + 6 t.; plural suffix כַּסְפֵּיהֶם Gen 42:25; Gen 42:35 — silver,

1. = silver ore, raw silver (rare and mostly late) Job 28:1, also (in figurative) Ezek 22:20; Ezek 22:22; Zech 13:9; Prov 2:4; Prov 17:3; Prov 27:21; Mal 3:3 (twice in verse); Ps 12:7; Ps 66:10; Isa 48:10 ׳הָגוֺ סִיגים מִכּ Prov 25:4 remove dross from silver, compare סִיגִים ׳כ Prov 26:23 and ׳מִגִים כ Ezek 22:18 (ᵑ0; ᵐ5 ׳ס ׳כ; Co strike out in view of vEzek 22:20); נִמְאָס ׳כ Jer 6:30 (compare vJer 6:29), כַּסְפֵּךְ הָיָה לְסִיגִים Isa 1:22.
2. sliver as bright, shining, figurative of dove's wings כַּנְפֵי יוֺנָה נֶחְפָּה בַכֶּ֑סֶף Ps 68:14.
3. silver, as wealth, Gen 13:2 (J) + often (c. 54 t. in all; frequently with gold, etc., see זהב); מְלֹא וזהב ׳בֵיתוֺ כ Num 22:18; Num 24:13 figurative of a slave as valuable, כַּסְפּוֺ הוּא Exod 21:21 (all J E); silver as less valuable than gold 1Kgs 10:21 = 2Chr 9:20 compare also 1Kgs 10:27 = 2Chr 1:15; 2Chr 9:27 נִבְחָר ׳כ choice silver, Prov 18:19; Prov 10:20.
4. silver as spoil of war (with זהב, q. v.) Judg 5:19; 2Sam 8:11 = 1Chr 18:11 + 11 t.
5. sliver as merchandise Ezek 27:12; Prov 3:14 (׳סְחַרכֿ), Zeph 1:12 compare also 1Kgs 10:22 = 2Chr 9:21.
6. silver as costly gift (with זהב, q. v.) 1Kgs 15:18; 1Kgs 15:19 = 2Chr 16:2; 2Chr 16:3; 2Kgs 16:8; 2Kgs 18:15; 2Chr 9:14; 2Chr 17:11; 2Chr 21:3; Isa 60:9; Dan 11:38 (other instances under 8).
7. silver as material (c. 117 t. in all; often with זהב, q. v.), of cup Gen 44:2 compare vGen 44:8 (J), trumpets Num 10:2 (P), ׳כְּלֵיכֿ Gen 24:53 (J) +; of idols Exod 20:23; Isa 2:20; Deut 29:16; Ezek 16:17; Ps 115:4; Ps 135:15 + 4 t., compare Deut 7:25; Jer 10:4; Hab 2:19 especially of fittings of tabernacle Exod 26. 27. 36. 38. (19 t.), and those offered by chiefs of people Num 7 (28 t.), etc.
8. silver as measure of weight and value (c. 184 t.): —
  a. shekels: — שְׁלשִׁים שְׁקָלִים ׳כ Exod 21:32 (JE), compare 2Sam 24:24; Lev 5:15; Num 18:16 (both P), Neh 5:15 also (different order) ׳חֲמִשָּׁה שׁקלים כ Lev 27:6 (twice in verse) (P), compare Josh 7:21 (JE), 2Kgs 15:20, and ׳אַרְבַּע מֵאֹת שֶׁקֶל י Gen 23:15; Gen 23:16, compare Lev 27:3; Lev 27:16 (all P), 1Sam 9:8 once ׳שִׁבְעָה שְׁקָלִים וַעֲשָׂרָה הַכּ Jer 32:9.
  b. more often omitted שׁקל Gen 20:16; Gen 45:22 (E), Gen 37:28 (J), Hos 3:2; Song 8:11 + 17 t.
  c. talents: — ׳כִּכַּר (הַ)כּ Exod 38:27 (P), compare 1Kgs 20:39; 2Kgs 5:22; 2Kgs 15:19; 2Kgs 18:14; 2Kgs 23:33 = 2Chr 36:3; 1Chr 19:6; 2Chr 25:6; 2Chr 27:5; Esth 3:9 ׳עֶשֶׂר כִּכְּרֵיכֿ 2Kgs 5:5 ׳כִּכְּרַיִם כ 1Kgs 16:24; 2Kgs 5:23 אלף אלפים ככרים ׳כ 1Chr 22:14 compare 1Chr 29:7; Ezra 8:26.
  d. minas: — מָנִים חֲמֵשֶׁת אֲלָפִים ׳כ Ezra 2:69 compare Neh 7:70; Neh 7:71.
  e. more often = money, measure of value and exchange (c. 112 t.; not necess. coined) Gen 31:15; Gen 42:25; Gen 42:27 (E), Gen 43:12 (twice in verse); Gen 43:15; Gen 43:18 (J), Gen 23:13; Lev 27:18; Num 3:48 (P), Judg 16:18; 1Kgs 21:2; 2Kgs 12:5 etc.; so Ps 68:31 Che, but see De Grill Bae, and Checritical note.; ׳מִקְנַת כ one bought for money Gen 17:12; Gen 17:13; Gen 17:23; Gen 17:27; Exod 12:44 (all P); מִקְנָתוֺ ׳כ Lev 25:51 (H) money for which he was bought; מָלֵא ׳כ full price Gen 23:9 (P) 1Chr 21:22; 1Chr 21:24 כַּסְפֵּנוּ בְּמִשְׁקָלוֺ Gen 43:21 i.e. our money in full; מִמְכָרוֺ ׳כ Lev 25:50 the price of his sale; אָשָׁם ׳כ 2Kgs 12:7 trespass-money, חַטָּאוֺת ׳כ v.2Kgs 12:7 sin-money, הַכִּפֻּרִים ׳כ Exod 30:16 atonement-money, הַפִּדְיוֺן ׳כ Num 3:49 redemption-money (both P); עֶרְכְּךָ ׳כ Lev 27:15; Lev 27:19 i.e. estimated value, etc.
9. among verbs and phrase with ׳כ are: — צרף try, refine, Zech 13:9; Isa 48:10; Mal 3:3 a Ps 12:7; Ps 66:10 זִקַּק Mal 3:3 b, (compare הִתּוּךְ Ezek 22:22, √ נתך, see vEzek 22:20 vEzek 22:21); יפּה beautify ׳בכ Jer 10:4 ׳תָּפוּשׂ כ Hab 2:19 encased with gold and silver; לְ ׳שָׁקַל אתהַֿכּ weigh out the silver to or for a person Jer 32:9; Gen 23:16 (P) Ezra 8:25, without לְ Jer 32:10, compare Exod 22:16 (E), 1Kgs 20:39 ׳ב ׳שׁקל כ Isa 55:2 = spend money for; מְחִירָהּ ׳לֹא יִשָּׁקֵל כ Job 28:15 ׳וַיִּשְׁקְלוּ אֶתשְֿׂכָרִי שׁלשׁים כ Zech 11:12 בַּקָּנֶה ישׁקלו ׳כ Isa 46:6, of wighing material for idol; ׳מָכַר בכ sell for money Amos 2:6; Gen 37:28 (J), Deut 21:14 ׳נָתַן בכ Deut 2:28b 1Kgs 21:6; 1Kgs 21:15; Gen 23:9 (P), 1Chr 21:22 also, of food, ׳הִשְׁבִּיר ב Deut 2:28 a; השׂדה ׳נתן כ Gen 23:13 (P) pay the price of the field; ׳קָנָה בְכ buy something for money Amos 8:6; Jer 32:25; Jer 32:44; Isa 43:24; 1Chr 21:24, compare ׳קָנָה נֶפֶשׁ קִנְיַן כ Lev 22:11 (H); ׳שׁבר בכ Deut 2:6 a Isa 55:1 ׳כרה בכ Deut 2:6b; peculiar is its use with פָּדָה, redeem (q. v.) in Num 18:16 ׳לקח כ receive money 2Kgs 5:26; 2Kgs 12:8; 2Kgs 12:9 ׳לָוָה כ Neh 5:4 borrow money; הִלְוָה Exod 22:24 (JE) lend money to (c. 2 accusative); בְּנֶשֶׁךְ ׳נתן כ give money on usury Lev 25:37 (H), Ps 15:5 compare לֹא תַשִּׁיךְ ׳לְאָחִיךָ נֶשֶׁךְ כ Deut 23:20.

silver, money, price, silverlings
kesep
silver (from its pale color); by implication, money
  • silver, money
    • silver
      • as metal
        • "as ornament"as color
      money, shekels, talents

צוֹרֵֽף
צוֹרֵֽף
Root word tried, founder, goldsmith, try, goldsmiths, …
Dictionary form: צָרַף · tsaw-RAHP

Verb — Qal, Participle Active, masculine singular, absolute state simple action — "he did" ongoing action — try "___ing" or "one who ___s"

In the KJV here: and casteth
is tried ×3 founder ×2 a goldsmith ×1 and casteth ×1 and i will try ×1 and the goldsmith ×1 and tried ×1 and will refine ×1
More options
refine — Best general choice for purifying metal by heat.
purify — Emphasizes the resulting cleanliness; good in poetic or spiritual contexts.
test — Highlights assaying quality; suits trials of character or faith.
smelt — Technically precise for melting ore to separate metal.
assay — Formal/technical term for testing metal purity; literary register.
goldsmith — Use as a noun when the participle denotes the craftsman's trade.

BDB7250 H6884

BDB7249 | BIBLICAL HEBREW | BDB7251

צָרַף verb smelt, refine, test (Late Hebrew id.; Phoenician מצרף smelter; Assyrian ƒurrupu, refined, ƒarpu, silver, naƒraptu, crucible; Arabic is pure, unmixed (especially of wine);

**compare pure silver, etc., SchulthGGA, 1902, 673; also ZimGGA, 1899, 250; KAT 3, 650 (Hebrew, etc., borrowed from Assyrian); very doubtful is Sabean צרף silver, money, compare MordtmHim. Inschr. pp. 14, 29 CISiv, No. 291, 1.1); —
Qal Perfect 3 masculine singular ׳צ Jer 6:29, suffix צְרָפָ֑תְהוּ Ps 105:19 2 masculine singular suffix צְרַפְתָּנִי Ps 17:3, etc.; Imperfect 1 singular אֶצְרֹף Isa 1:25, suffix אֶצְרְפֶנּוּ Judg 7:4 Imperative masculine singular צרופה Ps 26:2 Kt, צָרְפָה Qr; Infinitive absolute צָרוֺף Jer 6:29 construct לִצְרוֺף Dan 11:35, etc.; Participle active suffix צוֺרְכָּם Jer 9:6, etc.; pass. צָרוּף Ps 12:7, etc.; —
1. smelt, refine: Jer 6:29 (twice in verse) in vain hath he smelted continually (infinitive absolute; figurative of purifying people); so smelt away Isa 1:25 (accusative of dross; figurative); of silver Zech 13:9; Ps 66:10, כֶּסֶף צָרוּף בַּעֲלִיל Ps 12:7 (all simile); of ׳אִמְרַת י Ps 18:31 = 2Sam 22:31; Ps 119:140; Prov 30:5 (אִמְרַת אֱלוֺהַּ); refine (men, by trials) Dan 11:35 (+ לִבָרֵר, לַלְבֵּן).
2. test Judg 7:4 I will test them (the warriors) for thee (׳י subject); — perhaps also vJudg 7:3 (see I. צפר); more generally, of ׳י's testing, trying (the hearts of) men (often || בָּחַן) Jer 9:6; Isa 48:10; Zech 13:9; Ps 26:2; Ps 66:10.
3. test (and prove true) a man (subject ׳י's saying) Ps 105:19.
4. Participle active as noun smelter, refiner, hence = goldsmith Judg 17:4; Jer 10:9; Jer 10:14; Jer 51:17; Isa 40:19 (twice in verse) (but perhaps strike out vb, compare Du Che Marti), Isa 41:7; Isa 46:6; Prov 25:4 as a guild Neh 3:8; Neh 3:32. Niph`al Imperfect 3 masculine plural יִצָּֽרְפוּ Dan 12:10 many shall be refined (by suffering; + יִתְבָּֽרְרוּ, יִתְלַבְּנוּ). Pi`el Participle מְצָרֵף as noun a refiner, ׳כְּאֵשׁ מ Mal 3:2 (simile of ׳י), compare ׳מְ alone vMal 3:3 (+ מְטַהֵר כֶּסֶף).

tried, founder, goldsmith, try, goldsmiths, …
ṣārap
to fuse (metal), i.e., refine (literally or figuratively)
  • to smelt, refine, test
    • (Qal)
      • to smelt, refine
        • "to test"to test (and prove true)"smelter, refiner, goldsmith (participle)
      (Niphal) to be refined"(Piel) to be a refiner
      • refiner (participle)

The cantillation accents are the Masoretes' punctuation: each group below ends at a pausing accent. Translate a group as one unit.
הַפֶּ֙סֶל֙ Pashta — a lesser break נָסַ֣ךְ חָרָ֔שׁ Zaqef Qatan — a strong break וְצֹרֵ֖ף Tipeha — a lesser break בַּזָּהָ֣ב יְרַקְּעֶ֑נּוּ Etnahta — the verse's main pause — take a breath here וּרְתֻק֥וֹת כֶּ֖סֶף Tipeha — a lesser break צוֹרֵֽף Silluq — end of the verse

הַפֶּסֶל נָסַךְ חָרָשׁ וְצֹרֵף בַּזָּהָב יְרַקְּעֶנּוּ וּרְתֻקוֹת כֶּסֶף צוֹרֵֽף׃
19
The workman melteth a graven image, and the goldsmith spreadeth it over with gold, and casteth silver chains.
Cross References

Jeremiah 10:9

כֶּסֶף מְרֻקָּע מִתַּרְשִׁישׁ יוּבָא וְזָהָב מֵֽאוּפָז מַעֲשֵׂה חָרָשׁ וִידֵי צוֹרֵף תְּכֵלֶת וְאַרְגָּמָן לְבוּשָׁם מַעֲשֵׂה חֲכָמִים כֻּלָּֽם׃
9
Silver spread into plates is brought from Tarshish, and gold from Uphaz, the work of the workman, and of the hands of the founder: blue and purple is their clothing: they are all the work of cunning men.

Isaiah 46:6

הַזָּלִים זָהָב מִכִּיס וְכֶסֶף בַּקָּנֶה יִשְׁקֹלוּ יִשְׂכְּרוּ צוֹרֵף וְיַעֲשֵׂהוּ אֵל יִסְגְּדוּ אַף-יִֽשְׁתַּחֲוּֽוּ׃
6
They lavish gold out of the bag, and weigh silver in the balance, and hire a goldsmith; and he maketh it a god: they fall down, yea, they worship.

Exodus 32:2

וַיֹּאמֶר אֲלֵהֶם אַֽהֲרֹן פָּֽרְקוּ נִזְמֵי הַזָּהָב אֲשֶׁר בְּאָזְנֵי נְשֵׁיכֶם בְּנֵיכֶם וּבְנֹֽתֵיכֶם וְהָבִיאוּ אֵלָֽי׃
2
And Aaron said unto them, Break off the golden earrings, which are in the ears of your wives, of your sons, and of your daughters, and bring them unto me.

Habakkuk 2:18

מָֽה-הוֹעִיל פֶּסֶל כִּי פְסָלוֹ יֹֽצְרוֹ מַסֵּכָה וּמוֹרֶה שָּׁקֶר כִּי בָטַח יֹצֵר יִצְרוֹ עָלָיו לַעֲשׂוֹת אֱלִילִים אִלְּמִֽים׃
18
What profiteth the graven image that the maker thereof hath graven it; the molten image, and a teacher of lies, that the maker of his work trusteth therein, to make dumb idols?

Judges 17:4

וַיָּשֶׁב אֶת-הַכֶּסֶף לְאִמּוֹ וַתִּקַּח אִמּוֹ מָאתַיִם כֶּסֶף וַתִּתְּנֵהוּ לַצּוֹרֵף וַֽיַּעֲשֵׂהוּ פֶּסֶל וּמַסֵּכָה וַֽיְהִי בְּבֵית מִיכָֽיְהוּ׃
4
Yet he restored the money unto his mother; and his mother took two hundred shekels of silver, and gave them to the founder, who made thereof a graven image and a molten image: and they were in the house of Micah.

Psalms 115:4

עֲֽצַבֵּיהֶם כֶּסֶף וְזָהָב מַעֲשֵׂה יְדֵי אָדָֽם׃
4
Their idols are silver and gold, the work of men's hands.

Psalms 135:18

כְּמוֹהֶם יִהְיוּ עֹשֵׂיהֶם כֹּל אֲשֶׁר-בֹּטֵחַ בָּהֶֽם׃
18
They that make them are like unto them: so is every one that trusteth in them.

Jeremiah 10:3

כִּֽי-חֻקּוֹת הָֽעַמִּים הֶבֶל הוּא כִּֽי-עֵץ מִיַּעַר כְּרָתוֹ מַעֲשֵׂה יְדֵי-חָרָשׁ בַּֽמַּעֲצָֽד׃
3
For the customs of the people are vain: for one cutteth a tree out of the forest, the work of the hands of the workman, with the axe.

Hosea 8:6

כִּי מִיִּשְׂרָאֵל וְהוּא חָרָשׁ עָשָׂהוּ וְלֹא אֱלֹהִים הוּא כִּֽי-שְׁבָבִים יִֽהְיֶה עֵגֶל שֹׁמְרֽוֹן׃
6
For from Israel was it also: the workman made it; therefore it is not God: but the calf of Samaria shall be broken in pieces.

Isaiah 44:10

מִֽי-יָצַר אֵל וּפֶסֶל נָסָךְ לְבִלְתִּי הוֹעִֽיל׃
10
Who hath formed a god, or molten a graven image that is profitable for nothing?

Isaiah 37:18

אָמְנָם יְהוָה הֶחֱרִיבוּ מַלְכֵי אַשּׁוּר אֶת-כָּל-הָאֲרָצוֹת וְאֶת-אַרְצָֽם׃
18
Of a truth, LORD, the kings of Assyria have laid waste all the nations, and their countries,

Isaiah 2:20

בַּיּוֹם הַהוּא יַשְׁלִיךְ הָאָדָם אֵת אֱלִילֵי כַסְפּוֹ וְאֵת אֱלִילֵי זְהָבוֹ אֲשֶׁר עָֽשׂוּ-לוֹ לְהִֽשְׁתַּחֲוֹת לַחְפֹּר פֵּרוֹת וְלָעֲטַלֵּפִֽים׃
20
In that day a man shall cast his idols of silver, and his idols of gold, which they made himself each one for to worship, to the moles and to the bats;

Psalms 135:15

עֲצַבֵּי הַגּוֹיִם כֶּסֶף וְזָהָב מַעֲשֵׂה יְדֵי אָדָֽם׃
15
The idols of the heathen are silver and gold, the work of men's hands.

Isaiah 41:6

אִישׁ אֶת-רֵעֵהוּ יַעְזֹרוּ וּלְאָחִיו יֹאמַר חֲזָֽק׃
6
They helped every one his neighbour; and every one said to his brother, Be of good courage.
Isaiah 40:18
Read Isaiah 40
Isaiah 40:20