Isaiah 43:18

אַֽל תִּזְכְּר֖וּ רִֽאשֹׁנ֑וֹת וְקַדְמֹנִיּ֖וֹת אַל תִּתְבֹּנָֽנוּ
Remember ye not the former things, neither consider the things of old.
Select a Hebrew word above to see its details.

אַֽל
אַֽל
Particle not
Dictionary form: אַל · al

Particle — Negative

In the KJV here: ye not
not ×238 neither ×59 let not ×44 be not ×26 nor ×23 ye not ×18 no ×17 me not ×15
More options
do not — Most natural modern negative imperative; broadly applicable.
never — Use when the prohibition carries a sense of absolute refusal.
nor — Coordinating negative; links parallel prohibitions or negations.
no — Emphatic short-form negative; fits exclamatory or abrupt contexts.
and do not — Connects a negative command to a preceding clause smoothly.
must not — Stronger deontic force; stresses obligation to refrain.

BDB419 H408

BDB418 | BIBLICAL HEBREW | BDB420

II. אַל adverb of negation (so Phoenician e.g. CISi.3,4.5.8, Biblical Aramaic, Sabean (DHMZMG 1875, 596), and in the Ethiopic albo, is not), denying however, not objectively as a fact (like לֹא οὐ), but subjectively as a wish (like μή), expressing therefore a deprecation or prohibition:
  a.
   (a) with a verb, which is then always an imperfect (never an imperative), by preference in the cohortative or jussive mood, where this is in use, and may be of any person or number; Gen 15:1 and often אַלתִּֿירָא fear not! Gen 22:12 אַלתִּֿשְׁלַח יָָֽדְךָ put not forth thy hand, Gen 37:27 וְיָדֵנוּ אַלתְּֿהִיבֿוֺ and let not our hand be upon him, Gen 21:16 אַלאֶֿרְאֶה let me not look upon the death of the lad! Ps 25:2 אַלאֵֿבוֺשָׁה let me not be ashamed; with 1 plural (rare) 2Sam 13:25; Jer 18:18; Jonah 1:14. In an imprecation: Gen 49:4 אַלתּֿוֺתַר have not thou the excellency! Ps 109:12; Job 3:4; Job 3:6. Sometimes strengthened by נָא : Gen 13:8; Gen 18:3 and elsewhere
   (b) without a verb, (α) 2Sam 1:21 let (there be) not dew & not rain upon you! Isa 62:6; Ps 83:1. (β) used absolutely, in deprecation Gen 19:18; 2Sam 13:16 (see below אוֺדָה) 2Kgs 3:13; 2Kgs 4:16; 2Kgs 6:27 (see RVm: but possibly to be explained by Dr§ 152 iii; so Th Ke: hardly as Ew§ 355 b) Ruth 1:13 אַל בְּנֹתַי Nay, my daughters, compare Judg 19:23 (γ) after a preceding imperative Amos 5:14; Joel 2:13; Prov 8:10, a jussive Prov 27:2, an infinitive absolute Prov 27:2. (χ) in poetry אַל sometimes expresses vividly the emotion or sympathy of the poet (see Dr§ 56-8); Isa 2:9 וְאַלתִּֿשָּׂא לָהֶם and forgive them not! (with a touch of passion), Ps 41:3; Prov 3:25; Job 5:22; Ps 34:6 (but ᵐ5 ᵑ6 Ew Che here read וּפְנֵיכֶם, probably rightly); Ps 50:3 a may our God come וְאַלֿ יֶ֫חֱשָרשׁ and not be silent! (the psalmist identifying himself with a spectator of the scene vPs 50:2; Ps 50:3 b-c) Ps 121:3 (contrast vPs 121:4 לֹא) Jer 46:6 +.
  b. once Prov 12:28 joined closely to a substantive (compare לֹא 2 b) to express with emphasis its negation: In the way of righteousness is life, and in the pathway therecf אַלמָֿוֶת there is no-death! i.e. immortality.
  c. once Job 24:25 used in poetry as a substantive, And bring my words לְאַל to nought! —

N.B. 1Sam 27:10 אַלפְּֿשַׁטְתֶּם הַיּוֺם, אַל with the perfect is against all analogy; and either אֶלמִֿי (with ᵐ5. ᵑ9), or better אָן whither? (with ᵑ6 ᵑ7 : see 1Sam 10:14) must be read.

BDB9298 H409 H408

BDB9297 | BIBLICAL ARAMAIC | BDB9299

אַל adverb of prohibition, do not . . ., let not . . ., followed by imperfect ( = Biblical Hebrew I. אַל; Zenjirli אל (Had22. 23. 29) Cooke160 f.; compare Pahlavi (NöGGA, 1884, 1016); not ᵑ7 Syriac); — Dan 2:24 אַלֹתְּֿהוֺבֵד, Dan 4:16; Dan 5:10.

not, neither, no, nor, nay, …
ʾal
not (the qualified negation, used as a deprecative); once (Job 24:25) as a noun, nothing
  • not, no, nor, neither, nothing (as wish or preference)
    • do not, let not (with a verb)
      • "let there not be (with a verb understood)"not, no (with substantive)"nothing (as substantive)

תִּזְכְּר֖וּ
תִּזְכְּר֖וּ
Root word remember, remembered, mention, remembrance, recorder, …
Dictionary form: זָכַר · dzaw-KAHR

Verb — Qal, Jussive, second person masculine plural simple action — "he did" a wish or command — try "let him ___" the built-in subject is "you (a group)"

In the KJV here: remember
remember ×63 remembered ×11 be remembered ×7 the recorder ×6 and remember ×4 and remembered ×4 and thou shalt remember ×4 i remember ×4
More options
remember — Core meaning; best default choice in most contexts.
recall — Emphasizes active retrieval; good for deliberate recollection.
keep in mind — Softer, ongoing sense; suits commands or warnings.
mention — Use when the verbal/proclamatory nuance is foregrounded.
commemorate — Formal, liturgical contexts; ritual or covenantal remembrance.
call to mind — Idiom stressing intentional, conscious memory.

BDB2354 H2142

BDB2353 | BIBLICAL HEBREW | BDB2355

זָכַר verb remember (Assyrian zikâru, name, mention, compare noun zikru, Hpt in KAT2 Glossary i LyonSargontexte; Zinjirli זכר, Arabic , Aramaic דְּכַר, , Palmyrene דרכנא monument, VogNo. 36 b, דכיר memorial, VogNo. 62, Sabean in proper name ידֿכראל DHMEpigr. Denkm. 43, but Ethiopic ) —

Qal Perfect 3 masculine singular ׳ז Gen 40:23 +; 3 feminine singular זָָֽכְרָה Lam 1:7; Lam 1:9 2 masculine singular וְזָכַרְתָּ֫ Deut 5:15 +; suffix זְכַרְתַּנִי Gen 40:14 compare 1Sam 1:11, זְכַרְתָּם Ps 88:6 2 feminine singular זָכַרְתְּ Isa 47:7; Isa 57:11 compare Isa 17:10 + Ezek 16:22; Ezek 16:43 Qr (both Kt זכרתי), וְזָכַרְתְּ consecutive Ezek 16:61 3 plural זָָֽכְרוּ Judg 8:34 +, etc.; Imperfect 3 masculine singular יִזְכֹּר Hos 8:13 +; יִזְכָּרֿ 2Sam 14:11; Prov 31:7 וַיִּזְכֹּר Gen 8:1 +; suffix וַיִּוְכְּרֶהָ 1Sam 1:19 2 feminine singular תִּזְכְּרִי Isa 54:4 + 2 t.; 1 singular אֶזְכֹּר Lev 26:42 (twice in verse); Isa 43:25 (Ps 77:12 Qr see infra), אֶזְכָּרֿ Jer 31:34, וָאֶזְכֹּר Exod 6:5 suffix 2 masculine singular אֶזְכָּרְךָ Ps 42:7, suffix 2 feminine singular אֶזְכְּרֵכִי Ps 137:6 (see Ges«GKC:58»§ 58, 3, R, 1 Sta§§ 356, a, 2, 634 a, 2), etc.; Imperative masculine singular זְכֹר Exod 32:13 +; זְכָרֿ Ps 25:7 +; זָכְרָה Neh 6:14 +; suffix זָכְרֵנִי Judg 16:28 + 2 t.; masculine plural זִכְרוּ Isa 46:9 +, זְכֹ֑רוּ Neh 4:8 Infinitive absolute זָכוֺר Exod 13:3 +; זָכֹר Jer 31:30 +; construct לִזְכֹּר Gen 9:16; Ezek 23:19, etc.; suffix בְּזָכְרֵנִי Ps 137:1 Participle active plural construct וּלְֹזכְרֵי Ps 103:18 זָכוּר Ps 103:14 see below —
I. human subj.
1. remember, recall, call to mind, usually as affecting present feeling, thought, or action:
  a. remember past experiences (accusative) Gen 42:9 (E), 2Kgs 9:25 (accusative of person agent); followed by clause with מִי Job 4:7 things formerly known (accusative) Jer 17:2 followed by clause with כִּי Judg 9:2 with implied regret, longing Num 11:5 (JE), Ps 42:5; Ps 137:1; Lam 1:7 compare Ps 77:7, negative Ps 137:6 (|| שׁכח vPs 137:5); so (followed by בְּ) Jer 3:16 (|| עלה על לב and פקד).
  b. recall past distress, etc.; object not expressed, Lam 3:20 (זכור זכר), Job 11:16 (שׁכח in || clause); negative, followed by accusative Isa 54:4 (|| שׁכח), Prov 31:7 (|| id.).
  c. remember sins, (1) to repent of them Deut 9:7 (+ אלתֿשׁכח, followed by clause with אתאֿשׁר), elsewhere only Ezek., usually with accusative Ezek 16:61 (+ וְנִכְלַמְתְּ), vEzek 16:63 (object not expressed), Ezek 20:43; Ezek 36:21 (2) to renew and repeat them Ezek 23:19, negative vEzek 23:27.
  d. especially remember the dealings of ׳י, expressed in great variety of terms in accusative, Deut 7:18; Deut 8:2; Deut 24:9; Deut 32:7 (|| בין), Isa 46:9; Isa 63:11; Ps 77:12 Qr (Kt Hiph`il q. v.) vPs 77:12; Ps 105:5; Ps 143:5 (|| הגיתי, אֲשׂוֺחֵחַ) 1Chr 16:12 negatively, Isa 43:18 (|| אַל תִּתְבֹּנָ֑נוּ), Ezek 16:22; Ezek 16:43; Ps 78:42; Ps 106:7; Neh 9:17 (|| וַיְמָאֲנוּ לִשְׁמֹעַ); object clause with בִּי especially D, Deut 5:15; Deut 15:15; Deut 16:12; Deut 24:18; Deut 24:22; Ps 78:35.
2. remember persons (human subject),
  a. to their advantage: — followed by accusative Gen 40:14 (E), vGen 40:23 (E; negative, || שׁכח), 1Sam 25:31.
  b. to make use of them (accusative) Nah 2:6.
  c. their acts (accusative) to their advantage 2Chr 24:22, to their disadvantage 2Sam 19:20 (negative); to make vengeance Deut 25:17.
  d. remember human obligations, accusative of thing: בְּרִית אַחִים Amos 1:9 compare perhaps Esth 2:1 (accusative of person and also of deed); negative Eccl 9:15 (accusative of person), Ps 109:16 (followed by חסד עשׂות).
3. remember ׳י:
  a. call him to mind 2Sam 14:11 (i.e. recall a specific command of his).
  b. recall, and (especially) keep ׳י in mind Deut 8:18; Jer 51:50; Isa 64:4 (|| עשׂה צדק), Ezek 6:9; Zech 10:9; Joel 2:8; Ps 42:7; Ps 63:7 (|| אהגה), Ps 77:4; Neh 4:8 negatively Judg 8:34; Isa 17:10 (opposed to שׁכח), Isa 57:11 (|| לֹא שַׂמְתְּ עַללִֿבֵּךְ); compare also אֶתאבּוֺרְאֶ֑ךָ ׳ז Eccl 12:1, and (no object expressed) Ps 22:28 (+ ׳וישׁובו אל י); remember ׳י's name Ps 119:55.
4. remember:
  a. words of Moses Josh 1:13 (D) Mal 3:22 ׳י's instructions through prophet Isa 44:21; Isa 46:48 (|| השׁיבו על לב), also Mic 6:5 (followed by clause with מה).
  b. commandments of ׳י (so as to do them) Num 15:39 (P, or H), vNum 15:40 (P; + ועשׂיתם), Ps 103:18 (+ לעשׂותם), Ps 119:52 (משׁפטים); his covenant 1Chr 16:15.
5. think of or on, call to mind something present or future: — followed by accusative, issue of conduct Isa 47:7; Lam 1:9 (end of Jerusalem); fight with crocodile Job 40:32 object a general truth, prosperity of wicked Job 21:6 (object not expressed); (fleeting) days of life Eccl 5:19 (coming) days of darkness, Eccl 11:8 a duty Job 36:24 (followed by clause with כִּי).
6. remember a day, to observe, commemorate it: — day of Exodus Exod 13:3 (J) Deut 16:3 sabbath Exod 20:8 (E; || שׂמר Deut 5:12).
7. remember, with implied mention of, object ׳י Jer 20:9 (|| דִּבֶּר בִּשְׁמוֺ); ׳מַשָּׂא י Jer 23:36.

II. Subject ׳(אלהים)י.

1. remember persons:
  a. individuals, with kindness, granting requests, protecting, delivering etc., with accusative of person, Gen 30:22 (E), 1Sam 1:11 (opposed to שׁכח), v1Sam 1:19, Judg 16:28 (followed by וְחַזְּקֵנִי); Jer 15:15 (|| פָּקְדֵנִי), Ps 106:4 (|| id.), Job 14:13 (+ תשׁית לי חק), also Gen 8:1 (P), Gen 19:29 (P); negative Ps 88:6 (|| מידך נִגְזָר֑וּ); followed by לְ person Ps 25:7 (yet compare Che); followed by accusative of thing + לְ person (dativus commodi [dative of benefit]) Neh 5:19; Neh 13:14; Neh 13:22; Neh 13:31.
  b. individuals, to punish, followed by לְ person Neh 6:14; Neh 13:29.
  c. his servants, people, the afflicted, (graciously) followed by לְ Exod 32:13 (JE), Deut 9:27; Ps 136:23 followed by accusative Ps 9:13 (opposed to שׁכח), Ps 74:2; Ps 115:12 (followed by יְבָרֵךְ); compare Jer 31:20 (זכור זכר).
  d. his land Lev 26:42 (H), and negative Lam 2:1 (his footstool).
  e. mankind Ps 8:5 (|| פקד).
2. a. remember the distress of his servants, Lam 3:19 (followed by clause with מה), Lam 5:1 (|| הַבִּיטָ֯ וּרְאֵה).
  b. their devotion, accusative, Ps 20:4; Jer 2:2 (+ לְ person), Ps 132:1 (+ id.); followed by clause with את אשׁר 2Kgs 20:3 = Isa 38:3.
  c. their intercession Jer 18:20 (followed by infinitive with suffix)
3. a. remember his own covenant (with them), accusative, Gen 9:15; Gen 9:16; Exod 2:24; Exod 6:25 (all P), Lev 26:42 (twice in verse) (H, as also) vLev 26:45 (+ לְ person); Jer 14:21 (+ אַלתָּֿפֵר), Ezek 16:60; Ps 105:8, compare vPs 105:42 (object דְּבַר קָדְשׁוֺ), and Ps 119:49; Neh 1:8; Ps 106:45 (+ לְ person), Ps 111:5.
  b. his mercy, etc., accusative, Ps 25:6; Ps 98:3; 2Chr 6:42 also Hab 3:2.
  c. extenuating circumstances, followed by clause with כִּי, Job 7:7; Job 10:9; Ps 78:39; Ps 103:14 (זָכוּר be-thinketh him, Che, compare De Kö§ 20,14 BaNB 175); also Ps 89:48 (followed by אֲנִי + epexegetical clause with מה ).
4. remember sins, idolatries etc., followed by accusative, Hos 7:2; Hos 8:13 (|| פקד), Hos 9:9 (|| id.), Jer 14:10 (|| id.); negative Jer 44:21 (|| עלה על לבו), Isa 43:25; Isa 64:8; Ps 25:7; Ps 79:8 (+ לְ person); followed by לְ Jer 31:34 also (object reproach) Ps 74:18; Ps 74:22; Ps 89:5 and (object day of Jerusalem) Ps 137:7 (+ לִבְנֵי אֱדוֺם, i.e. against them). Niph`al Perfect 2 masculine plural consecutive וְנִזְכַּרְתֶּם Num 10:9 Imperfect 3 masculine singular יִזָּכֵר Jer 11:19 +; 3 feminine singular תִּזָּכֵר Ezek 25:10, (תִּזָּכָר Exod 34:19 read הַזָּכָר see זָכָר); 2 feminine singular תִּזָּכֵ֑רִי Isa 23:16; Ezek 21:37 3 masculine plural יִזָָּֽכְרוּ Hos 2:19 +; 3 feminine plural תִּזָּכַרְנָה Isa 65:17 +; תִּזָּכַרְןָ Ezek 3:20 Infinitive construct suffix הִזָּכֶרְכֶם Ezek 21:29 (omitted by ᵑ6 Co); Participle plural נִזְכָּרִים Esth 9:28. —
1. be brought to remembrance, remembered, thought of, usually with negative: —
  a. in general, subject Baalim Hos 2:19 (+ בִּשְׁמָם), compare Zech 13:2 (|| אכרית); former heaven and earth Isa 65:17 (|| עלה על לב); (wicked) dead Job 24:20 (|| ישׁכחהו va); coral (not to be thought of [others, be mentioned] in comparison with wisdom) Job 28:18 of attention paid to Tyre under figure of harlot Isa 23:16 (opposed to נשׁכחה).
  b. brought to ׳י 's remembrance, subject the people, (1) with gracious result Num 10:9 (P; ׳לפני י, || וְנוֺשַׁעְתֶּם); (2) for judgment Ezek 21:29 (omitted by ᵑ6 Co).
  c. be remembered by ׳י, negative of deeds, as affecting ׳י's judgment, (1) righteous Ezek 3:20; Ezek 18:24; Ezek 33:13 (followed by לְ of advantage, according to Co); (2) wicked Ezek 18:22 (followed by לְ, omitted by A B ᵑ9 etc., Co) Ezek 33:16 (followed by לְ).
  d. be remembered ׳אֶליֿ Ps 109:14 (|| אַלתִּֿמָּ֑ח).
2. negative be not remembered = no longer exist, of name of Israel, as nation Jer 11:19 (|| נכרת), Ps 83:5 (|| נַכְחִידֵם מִגּוֺי); of Ammonites Ezek 21:37; Ezek 25:10.
3. be remembered, of particular days, in order to be observed, commemorated, Esth 9:28 (followed by וְנַעֲשִׂים observe, celebrate). Hiph`il Perfect 3 masculine singular הִזְכִּיר Isa 49:1 2 masculine singular suffix 1 singular וְהִזְכַּרְתַּנִי consecutive Gen 40:14 Imperfect 3 masculine singular יַזְכִּיר Isa 19:17 1 singular אַזְכִּיר Exod 20:2 +, etc.; Imperative masculine singular suffix 1 singular הַזְכִּירֵנִי Isa 43:26 masculine plural הַזְכִּירוּ Isa 12:4; Jer 4:16 Infinitive construct (ל)הַזְכְּיר 2Sam 18:18 +; suffix 3 masculine singular כְּהַזְכִּירוֺ 1Sam 4:18 suffix 2 masculine plural הַזְכַּרְכֶם Ezek 21:29 (compare Sta§ 245 Kö§ 29, 11); Participle מַזְכִּיר Gen 41:9 +, etc.; feminine singular מַזְכֶּרֶת Num 5:15 —
1. cause to remember, remind, with accusative of person Isa 43:26.
2. cause to be remembered, keep in remembrance, with accusative of thing, a person's name 2Sam 18:18; Ps 45:18 of ׳י, causing his name to be remembered, by some token, Exod 20:24 (JE).
3. mention,
  a. followed by accusative of person Gen 40:14 (E; followed by אֶלֿ person), ׳י, = call upon Isa 62:6, name of ׳י Isa 26:13; Isa 49:1 (|| קראני), name of other gods, negative, Exod 23:13 (J E; || יִשָּׁמַע); followed by בְּשֵׁם Amos 6:10, compare Ps 20:8 (De Che and others boast of, praise, ᵐ5 μεγαλυνθησόμεθα, whence Hup Bae proposes נַגְבִּיר = we display strength), negative Josh 23:7 (D; || תשׁביעו ולא), so באלהי ישׂראל Isa 48:1 (|| הַנִּשְׁבָּעִים בְּשֵׁם).
  b. followed by accusative of thing: faults Gen 41:9 (E), the ark 1Sam 4:18, land of Judah Isa 19:17, Rahab (= Egypt) Ps 87:4, works of ׳י Ps 77:12 (Kt, Qr Qal q. v. ), his righteousness Ps 71:16, lovingkindness, Isa 63:7 human love Song 1:4 also in technical sense, apparently = accuse before God, always followed by עָוֺן, 1Kgs 17:18; Num 5:15 (P) Ezek 21:28 v.Ezek 21:29 (followed by פִּשְׁעֵיכֶם בְּהִגָּלוֺת), Ezek 29:16.
  c. followed by clause, with כִּי Isa 12:4 no conjunction Jer 4:16 (לְ indirect object; || הַשְׁמיעו).
  d. absolute commemorate, praise 1Chr 16:4 (׳לְהַז, apparently Levitical function, followed by ולהודות ולהלל ליהוה), so perhaps also לְהַזְכִּיר in titles Ps 38:1; Ps 70:1 (others below 5).
4. record, only participle מַזְכִּיר as substantive (title of public officer) = recorder
**Rather, probably, the (king's reminder, who brought important business to his notice: compare EwGeschichte. iii. 365, H. iii. 267 Ke2Sam 8:16 BenzArchaeology 310 NowArchaeology i. 308 Kit1Kgs 4:3. 2Sam 8:16; 2Sam 20:24; 1Kgs 4:3; 2Kgs 18:18; 2Kgs 18:37 = Isa 36:3; Isa 36:22; 1Chr 18:15; 2Chr 34:8.
5. of sacrifice, make a memorial, i.e. offer an אַזְכָּרָה q. v.; followed by לְבֹנָה Isa 66:3. — JPPetersJBL, 1893, xii, 58 reads אַזְכִּרָה Ps 42:5 (see Qal I. 1), 'let me make my azkara, and pour out libation for (עֲלֵי) my life.'

BDB2365 H2142

BDB2364 | BIBLICAL HEBREW | BDB2366

מַזְכִּיר noun masculine recorder, see זָכַר Hiph`il

remember, remembered, mention, remembrance, recorder, …
zākar
properly, to mark (so as to be recognized), i.e., to remember; by implication, to mention; to be male
  • to remember, recall, call to mind
    • (Qal) to remember, recall
      • "(Niphal) to be brought to remembrance, be remembered, be thought of, be brought to mind"(Hiphil)
      • to cause to remember, remind
        • "to cause to be remembered, keep in remembrance"to mention"to record"to make a memorial, make remembrance

רִֽאשֹׁנ֑וֹת
רִֽאשֹׁנ֑וֹת
Root word first, former, things, beginning, chief, …
Dictionary form: רִאשׁוֹן · rih-SHONE

Adjective — feminine plural, absolute state plural — usually add "-s"

In the KJV here: the former things
the first ×23 first ×21 in the first ×20 at the first ×10 of the first ×10 the former ×9 day of the first ×7 the former things ×5
More options
first — Most common; ordinal sequence or rank.
former — Prefer for contrast with what comes later.
earlier — Temporal sense; less formal than 'former'.
foremost — Emphasizes priority or supreme importance.
original — Highlights the initial or foundational instance.
ancient — Use when referring to distant past or ancestors.

BDB7681 H7223

BDB7680 | BIBLICAL HEBREW | BDB7682

רִאשׁוֺן182 adjective former, first, chief (i heightened from original a, see √); — absolute ׳ר Hos 2:19 +, שֹׁן- - Exod 12:15 +, רִישׁוֺן Job 8:8, construct רִאשׁוֺן Job 15:7 Qr (Kt ראישון and so always Manuscript Sam. Pentateuch, see Köii. 1, 225 n); feminine רִאשֹׁנָה Judg 20:37 + (Josh 21:10 Kt ראישנה see above); masculine plural רִאשֹׁנִים Exod 34:1 +, feminine plural רִאשֹׁנוֺת Isa 41:22 +, etc.; —

1. former:
  a. in time, former of two Gen 25:25 (J), Gen 41:20 (E), Deut 10:1; Deut 10:2; Deut 10:3; Deut 10:4; Deut 10:10; Deut 24:4, compare Hos 2:9; Lev 4:21; Lev 9:15 (both P), Judg 20:39; 2Kgs 1:14; Hag 2:3; Hag 2:9; Ezra 3:12 +; more generally former, previous, Num 21:26 (JE), Mic 4:8; 2Kgs 17:34; 2Kgs 17:40; Zech 1:4; Zech 7:7; Zech 7:12; Zech 8:11; Neh 5:15 Eccl 17:10; Ps 79:8 +; ׳כָּעֵת הָ ר Isa 8:23 ׳דִּבְרֵי דויד הָ ר 1Chr 29:29 the doings of David, the former and the latter (הָאַחֲדֹנִים), compare 2Chr 9:29; 2Chr 12:15; 2Chr 16:11; 2Chr 20:34; 2Chr 25:26; 2Chr 26:22; 2Chr 28:26; 2Chr 35:27 early days of harvest 2Sam 21:9 רִאשֹׁנִים as substantive, former persons, ancestors, men of old, Deut 19:14; Lev 26:45 (H), Eccl 1:11 (opposed to אַחֲרֹנִים); (תָ)רִאשֹׁנוֺת as substantive the former things, i.e. past events Isa 41:22; Isa 43:9; Isa 43:18; Isa 46:9; Isa 48:3, earlier predictions Isa 42:9.
  b. location, foremost, of two 2Sam 18:27. 2 first:
  a. in time, ׳הַמַּכָּה הָ ר 1Sam 14:14 the first slaughter (preliminary to general carnage); ׳וְלֹאהָֿיָה דְּבָרִי ר 2Sam 19:44 was not my word first? ׳ר in apposition with person subject 2Sam 19:21 I am come as first, compare perhaps Isa 41:27 (insert אָמַרְתִּי Ges De < read הִגַּדְתִּים for הִנֵּה הִנָּם CheHpt Kit Di), and ׳הָ ר Jer 50:17 (opposed to הָאַחֲרוֺן), Isa 43:27 ׳ר absolute, first of mankind Job 15:17 absolute of ׳י, I (an the) first Isa 41:4 (+אֶתֿ אַחֲדֹנִים), + אַחְרוֺן Isa 44:6; Isa 48:12 absolute of time, מֵרִאשׁוֺן Jer 17:12 from the beginning; especially first of a def. series (sometimes opposed to אַחֲרוֺן). first day of feast Deut 16:4; Exod 12:15 (twice in verse); Exod 12:16 + 5 t. P (H), Neh 8:18, usually first month (חֹרֶשׁ) Exod 40:2; Exod 40:17; Lev 23:5 + 6 t. P, 1Chr 12:16 (van d. H. v.1Chr 12:15) + 10 t. Chronicles, Ezra, Esth 3:7; Dan 10:4, חֹדֶשׁ omitted Gen 8:13; Exod 12:2; Exod 12:18; Num 9:5 (all P) Ezek 29:17; Ezek 30:20; Ezek 45:18; Ezek 45:21, so Joel 2:23, but read כָּרִאשׁוֺנָה (3 a) ᵐ5 ᵑ6 We Now and Dr.
  b. first in degree, chief: יַד הַשָּׂרִיםרִ֗֗֗אשׁוֺנָה Ezra 9:2 the hand of the princes ... has been first in this trespass; 1Chr 18:17; Dan 10:13 (Chronicles, Esth 1:14 below).
3. a. feminine with preposition as adverb phrase: (1) of time, בָּרִאשֹׁנָה Gen 13:4 (J), = before, formerly, so Josh 8:5; Josh 8:6 (JE), 2Sam 7:10; 2Sam 20:18; Jer 7:12; Isa 52:4, ׳לָר = before, formerly, Gen 28:19 (J), Judg 18:29 so ׳כְּבָר as formerly Judg 20:32; 1Kgs 13:6; Isa 1:26; Jer 33:7; Jer 33:11, = ׳כָּ ר Deut 9:15; Dan 11:29 (opposed to כָּאַחֲרוֺנָה); בָּר = at first, first of all, Deut 13:10; Deut 17:7; (P) Josh 8:33 (D), 1Kgs 17:13; 1Kgs 20:9; Zech 12:7; Prov 20:21 (opposed to אַחֲרִיתָהּ), 1Chr 11:6 (twice in verse); 1Chr 17:9; Neh 7:5 לְמַבָּרִאשׁוֺנָה 1Chr 15:13 (= ׳לְמַהבָּֿר) for what was at first, etc. (מָךְ 1 e); (2) location, ׳בָּר i.e. at the head of an army 1Kgs 20:17, a procession Num 10:14 (P), compare Isa 60:9.
  b. רִאשֹׁנָה alone as adverb: (1) of time first Gen 38:28 (J), 1Kgs 18:25; Jer 16:18; Lev 5:8; Num 2:9; Josh 21:10 (all P), Isa 65:7 (Ew De Che Di Du Skinner, >adjective Ges Hi Kn); (2) of place Gen 33:2 (J); (3) of degree, rank, Esth 1:14.

first, former, things, beginning, chief, …
riʾšôn
first, in place, time or rank (as adjective or noun)
  • (adj) first, primary, former
    • former (of time)
      • ancestors
        • "former things
      foremost (of location)"first (in time)"first, chief (in degree)
    (adv) first, before, formerly, at first

וְ קַדְמֹנִיּ֖וֹת
וְ
Prefix — connector and (sometimes: but, so, then)
קַדְמֹנִיּ֖וֹת
Root word east, former, old, ancients, before
Dictionary form: קַדְמוֹנִי · kahd-moh-NEE

Adjective — feminine plural, absolute state plural — usually add "-s"

In the KJV here: the things of old
the east ×3 and as in former ×1 as they that went before ×1 in old ×1 of the ancients ×1 of the east ×1 the former ×1 the things of old ×1
More options
eastern — Spatial sense; prefer for directional or geographic contexts.
former — Temporal sense; what came before in time.
ancient — Emphasizes great age or antiquity of people or things.
of old — Idiomatic temporal phrase; suits poetic or narrative register.
earlier — Neutral modern alternative to 'former'; less formal.
primeval — Highlights earliest origins; suited to creation or cosmology texts.

BDB7312 H6931

BDB7311 | BIBLICAL HEBREW | BDB7313

I. קַדְמֹנִי adjective former, eastern (on formation see LagBN 195 BaNB, § 227d); — absolute ׳ק 1Sam 24:14 (Gi v.1Sam 24:13), Joel 2:20 מ֑וֺנִי Ezek 10:19 +; masculine plural קַדְמֹנִים Job 18:20, מ֑וֺנִים Ezek 38:17 feminine plural קַדְמֹנִיּוֺת Isa 43:18; Mal 3:4 —

1. former, ancient, ׳יָמִים ק Ezek 38:17 former days; ׳שָׁנִים ק Mal 3:4 (|| יְמֵי עוֺלָם): feminine plural as n., former things Isa 43:18 (|| רִאשֹׁנוֺת); masculine singular as collective noun מְשַׁל הַקַּדְמֹנִי 1Sam 24:14 a proverb of the ancients.
2. eastern: of שַׁעַר Ezek 10:19; Ezek 11:1, יָם (i.e. Dead Sea) Ezek 47:18 and (opposed to הַיָּם הָאַחֲרוֺן) Zech 14:8; Joel 2:20 masculine plural as noun Easterns, those of the east (opposed to west) Job 18:20 (so Ew De Hi Di Bae Du; Vrss earlier and later, so Da and others [both future], Bu former generations [now in Sh®°ôl], and future).

east, former, old, ancients, before
qadmônî
(of time) anterior or (of place) oriental
  • former, ancient, eastern
    • former, ancient
      • "eastern

אַל
אַל
Particle not
Dictionary form: אַל · al

Particle — Negative

In the KJV here: neither
not ×238 neither ×59 let not ×44 be not ×26 nor ×23 ye not ×18 no ×17 me not ×15
More options
do not — Most natural modern negative imperative; broadly applicable.
never — Use when the prohibition carries a sense of absolute refusal.
nor — Coordinating negative; links parallel prohibitions or negations.
no — Emphatic short-form negative; fits exclamatory or abrupt contexts.
and do not — Connects a negative command to a preceding clause smoothly.
must not — Stronger deontic force; stresses obligation to refrain.

BDB419 H408

BDB418 | BIBLICAL HEBREW | BDB420

II. אַל adverb of negation (so Phoenician e.g. CISi.3,4.5.8, Biblical Aramaic, Sabean (DHMZMG 1875, 596), and in the Ethiopic albo, is not), denying however, not objectively as a fact (like לֹא οὐ), but subjectively as a wish (like μή), expressing therefore a deprecation or prohibition:
  a.
   (a) with a verb, which is then always an imperfect (never an imperative), by preference in the cohortative or jussive mood, where this is in use, and may be of any person or number; Gen 15:1 and often אַלתִּֿירָא fear not! Gen 22:12 אַלתִּֿשְׁלַח יָָֽדְךָ put not forth thy hand, Gen 37:27 וְיָדֵנוּ אַלתְּֿהִיבֿוֺ and let not our hand be upon him, Gen 21:16 אַלאֶֿרְאֶה let me not look upon the death of the lad! Ps 25:2 אַלאֵֿבוֺשָׁה let me not be ashamed; with 1 plural (rare) 2Sam 13:25; Jer 18:18; Jonah 1:14. In an imprecation: Gen 49:4 אַלתּֿוֺתַר have not thou the excellency! Ps 109:12; Job 3:4; Job 3:6. Sometimes strengthened by נָא : Gen 13:8; Gen 18:3 and elsewhere
   (b) without a verb, (α) 2Sam 1:21 let (there be) not dew & not rain upon you! Isa 62:6; Ps 83:1. (β) used absolutely, in deprecation Gen 19:18; 2Sam 13:16 (see below אוֺדָה) 2Kgs 3:13; 2Kgs 4:16; 2Kgs 6:27 (see RVm: but possibly to be explained by Dr§ 152 iii; so Th Ke: hardly as Ew§ 355 b) Ruth 1:13 אַל בְּנֹתַי Nay, my daughters, compare Judg 19:23 (γ) after a preceding imperative Amos 5:14; Joel 2:13; Prov 8:10, a jussive Prov 27:2, an infinitive absolute Prov 27:2. (χ) in poetry אַל sometimes expresses vividly the emotion or sympathy of the poet (see Dr§ 56-8); Isa 2:9 וְאַלתִּֿשָּׂא לָהֶם and forgive them not! (with a touch of passion), Ps 41:3; Prov 3:25; Job 5:22; Ps 34:6 (but ᵐ5 ᵑ6 Ew Che here read וּפְנֵיכֶם, probably rightly); Ps 50:3 a may our God come וְאַלֿ יֶ֫חֱשָרשׁ and not be silent! (the psalmist identifying himself with a spectator of the scene vPs 50:2; Ps 50:3 b-c) Ps 121:3 (contrast vPs 121:4 לֹא) Jer 46:6 +.
  b. once Prov 12:28 joined closely to a substantive (compare לֹא 2 b) to express with emphasis its negation: In the way of righteousness is life, and in the pathway therecf אַלמָֿוֶת there is no-death! i.e. immortality.
  c. once Job 24:25 used in poetry as a substantive, And bring my words לְאַל to nought! —

N.B. 1Sam 27:10 אַלפְּֿשַׁטְתֶּם הַיּוֺם, אַל with the perfect is against all analogy; and either אֶלמִֿי (with ᵐ5. ᵑ9), or better אָן whither? (with ᵑ6 ᵑ7 : see 1Sam 10:14) must be read.

BDB9298 H409 H408

BDB9297 | BIBLICAL ARAMAIC | BDB9299

אַל adverb of prohibition, do not . . ., let not . . ., followed by imperfect ( = Biblical Hebrew I. אַל; Zenjirli אל (Had22. 23. 29) Cooke160 f.; compare Pahlavi (NöGGA, 1884, 1016); not ᵑ7 Syriac); — Dan 2:24 אַלֹתְּֿהוֺבֵד, Dan 4:16; Dan 5:10.

not, neither, no, nor, nay, …
ʾal
not (the qualified negation, used as a deprecative); once (Job 24:25) as a noun, nothing
  • not, no, nor, neither, nothing (as wish or preference)
    • do not, let not (with a verb)
      • "let there not be (with a verb understood)"not, no (with substantive)"nothing (as substantive)

תִּתְבֹּנָֽנוּ
תִּתְבֹּנָֽנוּ
Root word understand, understanding, consider, understood, prudent, …
Dictionary form: בִּין · been

Verb — Hithpolel, Jussive, second person masculine plural reflexive (rare stem) — like Hithpael a wish or command — try "let him ___" the built-in subject is "you (a group)"

In the KJV here: consider
understand ×10 consider ×8 and understanding ×4 give me understanding ×4 to understand ×4 understood ×4 and consider ×3 of him that hath understanding ×3
More options
understand — Most direct equivalent; best default rendering.
discern — Emphasizes careful distinction; good for perceptual or moral contexts.
perceive — Highlights insight gained through observation or experience.
reflect on — Suitable when the nuance is deliberate, thoughtful consideration.
have insight — Captures the wisdom/intelligence dimension of the lemma.
take note of — Use when attention or careful regard is the primary sense.

BDB1035 H995 H4000

BDB1034 | BIBLICAL HEBREW | BDB1036

בִּין verb discern (NöZMG 1883, 592 f.; Arabic become separated, be distinct, IV. speak perspicuously; Ethiopic 1. 2 consider, perceive, Aramaic make to understand, compare Sabean בין (the) wise, as epithet, MordtZMG 1876, 37) —

Qal Perfect בִּין Dan 10:1 בַּנְתָּה Ps 139:2 בִּינֹתִי Dan 9:2 Imperfect יָבִין Ps 19:13 + 25 t. וְיָבֵן Jer 9:11 + 2 t., וַיָּבֶן 1Sam 3:8 + 2 t.; אָבִינָה Ps 73:17 + 4 t.; יָבִינוּ Prov 28:5 + 12 t.; Imperative בִּין Dan 9:23 בִּינָה Ps 5:2 בִּינוּ Deut 32:7 + 2 t.; Infinitive absolute בִּין Prov 23:1 Participle בָּנִים Jer 49:7 —
1. perceive (with the senses); —
  a. eyes, accusative Prov 7:7, with לְ Job 9:11; Job 14:21; Job 23:8; Prov 14:15.
  b. ears, accusative Prov 29:19, with לְ Job 13:1.
  c. touch, accusative Ps 58:10. d. taste, acc. Job 6:30.
2. understand, know (with mind): —
  a. absolute Job 18:2; Job 38:20; Job 42:3; Ps 49:21; Ps 82:5; Prov 24:12; Isa 6:9; Isa 6:10; Isa 44:18; Dan 12:10; Hos 4:14; Hos 14:10 שׁמעתי ולא אבין I heard but I could not understand Dan 12:8.
  b. accusative Job 15:9; Job 23:5; Job 36:29; Prov 2:5; Prov 2:9; Prov 20:24; Prov 28:5; Ps 19:13; Ps 92:7; Jer 9:11 יבין משׁפט Job 32:9; Prov 28:5 יבין דעת Prov 29:7.
  c. with כִּי 1Sam 3:8; 2Sam 12:19; Isa 43:10.
  d. with infinitive & לְ, יבין לָדָֽעַת Isa 32:4
3. observe, mark, give heed to, distinguish, consider (with attention): —
  a. accusative Deut 32:7; Ps 5:2; Ps 50:22; Ps 94:7; Ps 94:8; Prov 23:1; Prov 21:29 (Qr) Dan 9:2; Dan 10:1.
  b. with לְ, Ps 73:17; Ps 139:2; Deut 32:29.
  c. with בְּ, Ezra 8:15; Neh 13:7; Dan 9:23.
  d. with אל, Ps 28:5.
  e. with עַל, Dan 11:30; Dan 11:37.
4. have discernment, insight, understanding Jer 49:7. Niph`al נְבֻנוֺתִי Isa 10:12 Participle נָבוֺן Gen 41:33 + 15 t.; plural נְבוֺנִים Jer 4:22, elsewhere נְבֹנִים Deut 1:13; Isa 5:22 (Baer) Eccl 9:11 נְבֹנָיו Isa 29:14 be intelligent, discreet, discerning, have understanding 1Sam 16:18; Prov 1:5; Prov 10:13; Prov 14:6; Prov 16:21; Prov 17:28; Prov 19:25; Eccl 9:11; Isa 3:3; Isa 5:21; Isa 10:13; Isa 29:14; Jer 4:22; Hos 14:10 לֵב נָבוֺן intelligent mind Prov 14:33; Prov 15:14; Prov 18:15 נָבוֺן וְחָכָם Gen 41:33; Gen 41:39 חכם ונבון Deut 4:6; 1Kgs 3:12 חכמים ונבנים Deut 1:13. Po. יְבוֺנְַנֵהוּ he attentively considereth him Deut 32:10. Hiph`il Perfect הֵבִין Job 28:33 + 5 t.; Imperfect יָבִין Isa 28:9 + 4 t.; וַיָּבֶן 2Chr 11:23; Dan 9:22 Infinitive הָבִין Ps 32:9 + 9 t.; Imperative הָבֵן Dan 8:16 + 12 t.; Participle מֵבִין Prov 28:7 + 26 t.; —
1. understand: —
  a. absolute Isa 29:16; Isa 40:21; Isa 56:11; 1Kgs 3:11; Ps 32:9; Dan 8:17; Dan 10:12.
  b. accusative 1Chr 28:9; Job 28:23; Prov 1:2; Prov 1:6; Prov 8:5; Prov 14:8; Isa 28:19; Dan 8:23; Mic 4:12 מֵבִין one with understanding Prov 8:9; Prov 17:10; Prov 17:24; Prov 28:2; Prov 28:7; Prov 28:11 מְבִינֵי מַדָּע Dan 1:4 able to understand (i.e. old enough) Neh 8:3; Neh 10:29, compare Neh 8:2 (followed by לִשׁמֹעַ).
2. give heed to, attend to, observe, discern, absolute Isa 57:1; 2Chr 11:23; Dan 8:5 with בְּ Neh 8:12; Dan 9:23; Dan 10:11 מֵבִין בְּ skilled in 2Chr 26:5; 2Chr 34:12 with אֶל Ps 33:15 בין טוב לרע 1Kgs 3:9. 3 give understanding make understand, teach: —
  a. absolute Dan 8:27; Dan 9:22.
  b. with accusative of person Ps 119:34; Ps 119:73; Ps 119:125; Ps 119:130; Ps 119:144; Ps 119:169; Job 32:8; Neh 8:7; Neh 8:9; Isa 40:14.
  c. with לְ person 2Chr 35:3; Dan 11:33 with לְ person & accusative of thing Job 6:24; Dan 8:16.
  d. בְּ of thing Neh 8:8, + accusative of person Dan 1:17.
  e. double accusative Isa 28:9; Ps 119:27; Dan 10:14 מֵבִין teacher 1Chr 15:22; 1Chr 25:7; 1Chr 25:8; 1Chr 27:32; Ezra 8:16. Hithpa`el Perfect הִתְבּוֺנָ֑ן Isa 1:3 + 6 t.; Imperfect אֶתְבּוֺנֵן Job 23:15 + 3 t.; אֶתְבּוֺנָ֑ן Job 32:12 + 5 t.; יִתְבּוֺנְנוּ Ps 107:43 + 2 t.; יִתְבּוֺנָ֑נוּ Isa 14:16; Isa 43:18.
1. shew oneself attentive, consider diligently: —
  a. absolute Job 11:11; Job 23:15; Isa 1:3; Jer 2:10; Jer 9:16.
  b. accusative Job 37:14; Ps 107:43; Ps 119:95; Isa 43:18; Isa 52:15.
  c. with אֶל 1Kgs 3:21; Isa 14:16.
  d. with עַל Job 31:1; Ps 37:10
  e. with עד Job 32:12; Job 38:18. feminine with בְּ Job 30:20; Jer 23:20 (= Jer 30:24).
2. get understanding, understand Job 26:14; Ps 119:104.
3. shew oneself to have understanding Ps 119:100

understand, understanding, consider, understood, prudent, …
bîn
to separate mentally (or distinguish), i.e., (generally) understand
  • to discern, understand, consider
    • (Qal)
      • to perceive, discern
        • "to understand, know (with the mind)"to observe, mark, give heed to, distinguish, consider"to have discernment, insight, understanding
      (Niphal) to be discerning, intelligent, discreet, have understanding"(Hiphil)
      • to understand
        • "to cause to understand, give understanding, teach
      (Hithpolel) to show oneself discerning or attentive, consider diligently"(Polel) to teach, instruct
    be prudent, regard

The cantillation accents are the Masoretes' punctuation: each group below ends at a pausing accent. Translate a group as one unit.
אַֽל תִּזְכְּר֖וּ Tipeha — a lesser break רִֽאשֹׁנ֑וֹת Etnahta — the verse's main pause — take a breath here וְקַדְמֹנִיּ֖וֹת Tipeha — a lesser break אַל תִּתְבֹּנָֽנוּ Silluq — end of the verse

אַֽל-תִּזְכְּרוּ רִֽאשֹׁנוֹת וְקַדְמֹנִיּוֹת אַל-תִּתְבֹּנָֽנוּ׃
18
Remember ye not the former things, neither consider the things of old.
Cross References

Isaiah 65:17

כִּֽי-הִנְנִי בוֹרֵא שָׁמַיִם חֲדָשִׁים וָאָרֶץ חֲדָשָׁה וְלֹא תִזָּכַרְנָה הָרִאשֹׁנוֹת וְלֹא תַעֲלֶינָה עַל-לֵֽב׃
17
For, behold, I create new heavens and a new earth: and the former shall not be remembered, nor come into mind.

2 Corinthians 3:10

καὶ γὰρ οὐδὲ δεδόξασται τὸ δεδοξασμένον ἐν τούτῳ τῷ μέρει ἕνεκεν τῆς ὑπερβαλλούσης δόξης
10
For even that which was made glorious had no glory in this respect, by reason of the glory that excelleth.

1 Chronicles 16:12

זִכְרוּ נִפְלְאֹתָיו אֲשֶׁר עָשָׂה מֹֽפְתָיו וּמִשְׁפְּטֵי-פִֽיהוּ׃
12
Remember his marvellous works that he hath done, his wonders, and the judgments of his mouth;

Deuteronomy 8:2

וְזָֽכַרְתָּ אֶת-כָּל-הַדֶּרֶךְ אֲשֶׁר הוֹלִֽיכְךָ יְהוָה אֱלֹהֶיךָ זֶה אַרְבָּעִים שָׁנָה בַּמִּדְבָּר לְמַעַן עַנֹּֽתְךָ לְנַסֹּֽתְךָ לָדַעַת אֶת-אֲשֶׁר בִּֽלְבָבְךָ הֲתִשְׁמֹר ‫(מצותו)‬ מִצְוֺתָיו אִם-לֹֽא׃
2
And thou shalt remember all the way which the LORD thy God led thee these forty years in the wilderness, to humble thee, and to prove thee, to know what was in thine heart, whether thou wouldest keep his commandments, or no.

Jeremiah 16:14

לָכֵן הִנֵּֽה-יָמִים בָּאִים נְאֻם-יְהוָה וְלֹֽא-יֵאָמֵר עוֹד חַי-יְהוָה אֲשֶׁר הֶעֱלָה אֶת-בְּנֵי יִשְׂרָאֵל מֵאֶרֶץ מִצְרָֽיִם׃
14
Therefore, behold, the days come, saith the LORD, that it shall no more be said, The LORD liveth, that brought up the children of Israel out of the land of Egypt;

Isaiah 46:9

זִכְרוּ רִאשֹׁנוֹת מֵעוֹלָם כִּי אָנֹכִי אֵל וְאֵין עוֹד אֱלֹהִים וְאֶפֶס כָּמֽוֹנִי׃
9
Remember the former things of old: for I am God, and there is none else; I am God, and there is none like me,

Deuteronomy 7:18

לֹא תִירָא מֵהֶם זָכֹר תִּזְכֹּר אֵת אֲשֶׁר-עָשָׂה יְהוָה אֱלֹהֶיךָ לְפַרְעֹה וּלְכָל-מִצְרָֽיִם׃
18
Thou shalt not be afraid of them: but shalt well remember what the LORD thy God did unto Pharaoh, and unto all Egypt;

Jeremiah 23:7

לָכֵן הִנֵּֽה-יָמִים בָּאִים נְאֻם-יְהוָה וְלֹא-יֹאמְרוּ עוֹד חַי-יְהוָה אֲשֶׁר הֶעֱלָה אֶת-בְּנֵי יִשְׂרָאֵל מֵאֶרֶץ מִצְרָֽיִם׃
7
Therefore, behold, the days come, saith the LORD, that they shall no more say, The LORD liveth, which brought up the children of Israel out of the land of Egypt;
Isaiah 43:17
Read Isaiah 43
Isaiah 43:19