Jeremiah 44:9

הַֽ שְׁכַחְתֶּם֩

הַֽ

Prefix — question marker turns the sentence into a question

שְׁכַחְתֶּם֩

Root word forget, forgotten, forgat, forgetteth, forgettest, …

Dictionary form: שָׁכַח · shaw-KA

הַ

Question marker This opening ה is not "the" — pointed הֲ (not הַ with a doubling dagesh) it turns the sentence into a question. Read the clause with a "?".

Verb — Qal, Perfect (Qatal), second person masculine plural simple action — "he did" completed action — try "he ___ed" or "he has ___ed" the built-in subject is "you (a group)"

In the KJV here: have ye forgotten

forget ×23 be forgotten ×6 and forget ×4 have forgotten ×4 and forgat ×3 forgotten ×3 hath forgotten ×3 thou hast forgotten ×3

More options

forget — Most natural, direct modern equivalent; broadly applicable.

fail to remember — Emphatic; highlights the act of not recalling.

lose sight of — Idiomatic; suits neglect or gradual drifting from memory.

neglect — When forgetting implies willful or culpable disregard.

put out of mind — Stresses intentional or complete dismissal from thought.

let slip from memory — Softer tone; suits unintentional or passive forgetting.

BDB8660 H7911

שָׁכַח₁₀₂ verb forget (Late Hebrew id.; and (Pi`el) Eccl 11:25 (twice in verse); Aramaic שְׁכַךְ is find); —

Qal₈₆ Perfect 3 masculine singular ׳שׁ Ps 9:13 +, suffix שְׁכֵחָ֑נִי Isa 49:14 2 feminine singular שָׁכַחְתְּ Jer 13:25 1 plural suffix שְׁכַחֲנוּךָ Ps 44:18, etc.; Imperfect יִשְׁכַּח Deut 4:31 +, etc.; Imperative feminine singular שִׁכְּחִי Ps 45:11 Infinitive absolute שָׁכֹךְַ; Participle plural construct שֹׁכְחֵי Job 8:13; Ps 50:22 — forget:

1. subject man,
a. accusative of thing Gen 27:45 (E), Deut 4:9; Deut 9:7 (opposed to זָכַר) +, = forget and leave, ב of location, Deut 24:19 with object clause with כִּי Job 39:15 with מִן infinitive Ps 102:5.
b. with accusative of person, involving forgetting to mention, Gen 40:23 (E; opposed to זכר), ceasing to care for Jer 30:14 (figurative), Isa 49:15 (twice in verse) (accusative omitted), vIsa 49:15; Job 19:14; Ps 45:11 with accusative Jerusalem Ps 137:5a; יִשְׁכָּחֵהוּ רֶחֶם Job 24:20 absolute Ps 137:5b ׃תִּשְׁכַּח יְמִינִי AE Ki supply הַמַּעֲשֶׂה or הַנִּגּוּן (whence AV her cunning), but forced: ᵐ5 תִּשָּׁכַח; read probably (Gr Bu and others) תִּכְחַשׁ let it grow lean (Ps 109:24, compare Zech 11:17), or (Che) תְּכַחַשׁ let it disappoint (me), fail (Hab 3:17).
c. especially with accusative ׳י (God), Hos 2:15; Hos 8:14; Hos 13:6; Hos 1:9; (׳שָׁכֹחַ תִּשׁ) + 16 t. (5 t. Deuteronomy, 4 t. Jeremiah), + Ps 59:12 (accusative omitted); also accusative of divine name Jer 23:27 (בַּבַּעַל), Ps 44:21 commands of ׳י Hos 4:6; Deut 26:13 (accusative omitted) Ps 119:16 + 7 t. Ps 119, his doings and ways, vPs 119:139; Ps 78:7; Ps 78:11; Ps 103:2; Ps 106:13, his covenant Deut 4:23; Deut 4:31; 2Kgs 17:38; Prov 2:17 law of wisdom Prov 3:1, that is accusative בִּינָה Prov 4:6.

2. subject ׳י (God):
a. accusative of person Hos 4:6; 1Sam 1:11 (opposed to זָכַר), Lam 5:20; Isa 49:14 (|| עָזַב), Ps 10:12; Ps 13:2; Ps 42:10.
b. accusative of sins Amos 8:7; Ps 10:11 (accusative omitted), cry Ps 9:13 (opposed to זָכַר), compare, of distress, Ps 44:25.
c. voice of foes Ps 74:23.
d. followed by infinitive Ps 77:10. Niph`al Perfect 3 masculine singular נִשְׁכַּח Eccl 9:5, etc.; Imperfect יִשָּׁכַח Ps 9:19, 3 feminine singular תִּשָּׁכֵחַ Jer 20:11, etc.; Participle feminine singular נִשְׁכָּחָה Isa 23:16, נִשְׁכַּחַת vIsa 23:15, plural נִשְׁכָּ חִים Job 28:4 — be forgotten: subject of thing Gen 41:30 (E), Deut 31:21; Jer 20:11; Jer 23:40; Jer 50:5; Isa 65:11 subject person Ps 9:19; Ps 31:13; Eccl 2:16, Tyre Isa 23:15; Isa 23:16 (under figure of harlot), subject זִכְרָם Eccl 9:5 מִנִּי רָ֑גֶל ׳הַנִּשׁ Job 28:4. Pi`el Perfect 3 masculine singular ׳וגו ׳שִׁכַּח י Lam 2:6 ׳י hath caused to forget (be forgotten) in Zion assembly and sabbath. Hiph`il Infinitive לְהַשְׁכִּיחַ Jer 23:27 to make my people forget my name (2 accusative). Hithpa`el Ipmf. 3 masculine plural יִשְׁתַּכְּחוּ Eccl 8:10 they were forgotten in the city.

forget, forgotten, forgat, forgetteth, forgettest, …

šākaḥ

to mislay, i.e., to be oblivious of, from want of memory or attention

to forget, ignore, wither

(Qal)

to forget

אֶת

Particle points to the object of the verb — leave untranslated

Dictionary form: אֵת · ate

Particle — Direct Object Marker

and ×240 of ×109 him ×107 them ×73 with ×72 from ×64 you ×61 me ×54

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[direct object marker — untranslated] — Most common use; marks definite direct object, no English equivalent.

with — Use when אֵת expresses accompaniment or association.

from — Use when context implies source or separation.

along with — Emphasizes inclusion or togetherness in a list.

together with — Slightly more formal; stresses joint participation.

among — Use when indicating presence within a group.

BDB853 H853

I. אֵת, with makk. אֶתֿ, with suffix אֹתִי; אֹתְךָ, אֹתְכָה Num 22:33, אֹתָ֑ךְ, אֹתָ֑כָה Exod 29:35, feminine אֹתָךְ; אֹתוֺ etc.; 2 plural אֶתְכֶם, once אוֺתְכֶם Josh 23:15 3 masculine plural regularly אֹתָם, rarely אֶתְהֶם Gen 32:1; Exod 18:20; Num 21:3; Ezek 34:12; 1Chr 6:50, once אוֺתְהֶם Ezek 23:45 3 feminine plural, on the contrary, regularly אֶתְהֶן (13 t.), once אֹתָן Ezek 16:54 (also אוֺתְהֶן Ezek 23:47, אֹתָ֖נָה Exod 35:26, אוֺתָ֖נָה Ezek 34:21); forms with cholem also often written plene: — the mark of the accusative, prefixed as a rule only to nouns that are definite (Moabite id., Phoenician אית i.e. אִיַּת (Schröd^{p. 213 f.}); Aramaic יָת frequently in ᵑ7; Syriac very rare as mark of accusative (for which is preferred), but used often in the sense of substance οὐσία, also in that of self, e.g. per se, reapse, sibi ipsi, PS^{1640 f.}, Samaritan ; Arabic , only used with suffix, when it is desired to emphasize the pronoun, e.g. Qor 1:4 W^{AG i. § 189.} [Ethiopic uses k£y¹ similarly, Di^{§ 150 a}; but it is dubious if this is etymologically akin.] The primitive form will have been 'iwyath, originally a substantive with following genitive, Ol^{p. 432}; whether ultimately a parallel development with אוֺת sign from √ אוה is uncertain: Ol W^{AG i. § 188} Lag^{M i. 226 affirm}, Nö^{ZMG 1886, 738 doubts. In Hebrew the ground-form is} אוֺת; the forms with ¢, e being abbreviated. In post Biblical Hebrew, used in combination with another preposition: thus בְּאוֺתוֺ הַיּוֺם = Bibl. בַּיּוֺם הַהוּא, בְּאוֺתָהּ הַשָּׁעָה; or as a nomin., e.g. אוֺתוֺ הָאִישׁ = Bibl. הָאִישׁ הַהוּא).

1. As mark of the accusative prefixed to substantives defined either by the article (or כֹּל), or by a genitive or pronominal affix, or in virtue of being proper names:
a. with transitive verbs, Gen 1:1; Gen 1:16; Gen 1:29; Gen 1:30; Gen 2:11; Gen 4:1; Gen 4:2; Gen 9:3 (אֶתֿכֹּל׃) etc. Similarly אֶתמִֿי whom (in particular), Josh 24:15; 1Sam 12:3; 1Sam 28:11; Isa 6:8 and elsewhere (but never אֶתמָֿה); also with זֶה Gen 29:33; Gen 44:29; 1Sam 21:16; 1Kgs 22:27 +, זֹאת Gen 29:27; 2Sam 13:27 +, אֵלֶּה Gen 46:18; Lev 11:18; Isa 49:21 +. So pretty uniformly in prose; but in poetry את is commonly dispensed with. By the use of את with the pronominal affix, a pronoun can at once, if required, be placed in a position of emphasis; let the order of words from this point of view be carefully noticed in the following passages: Gen 7:1; Gen 24:14; Gen 37:4; Lev 10:17; Lev 11:33; Num 22:32 thee I had slain, and her I had kept alive, Deut 4:14; Deut 6:13; Deut 6:23; Deut 13:5; Judg 14:3 אוֺתָהּ קַח לִי take for me her, 1Sam 14:35; 1Sam 15:1; 1Sam 18:17; 1Sam 21:10 אִםאֹֿתָהּ תִּקַּחלְֿךָ קָ֔ח if thou wilt take that, take it, 1Kgs 1:35; 1Kgs 14:9; Isa 43:22; Isa 57:11; Jer 9:2. So הַאוֺתִי Jer 5:22; Jer 7:19. It also sometimes enables the reflexive sense to be expressed (elsewhere נַפְשָׁם) Jer 7:19; Ezek 34:2. Rarely with a substantive which is undefined (Ew^{§ 277 d 2} Ges^{«GKC:117»§ 117}, 1, R. 2), as Exod 21:28; Num 21:9; Lev 20:14; 1Sam 24:6 (but see Dr) 2Sam 4:11; 2Sam 18:18; 2Sam 23:21 or which, though definite, is without the article, Gen 21:30; 2Sam 15:16; Lev 26:5; 1Sam 9:3 (so Num 16:15) Isa 33:19; Isa 41:7; Ezek 43:10 (for further examples see Ew 1.c.)
b. with a passive verb (Ges^{«GKC:121»§ 121}. 1 Ew^{§ 295 b}) conceived as expressing neutrally the action in question, and construed accordingly with an accusative of that which is its real object: examples occur with tolerable frequency from Gen 4:18 (J) וַיִּוָּלֵד לַחֲנוֺךְ אֶתעֿירָד, Gen 17:5 (P), לֹא יִקָּרֵא עוֺד אֶתשִֿׁמְךָ אַברָם there shall not be called (=one shall not call) thy name Abram, Gen 21:5 (E), Gen 27:42; 2Sam 21:11; 1Kgs 18:13; Hos 10:6 etc., to Jer 35:18; Jer 38:4; Jer 50:20; Ezek 16:4; Ezek 16:5; Esth 2:13 (compare Dr^{JPh xi. 227 f.}): also with passive verbs of filling (Ew^{§ 281 b}), as Exod 1:7 +.
c. with neuter verbs or expressions, especially such as involve the idea of regarding, or treating, appy. by a construction κατὰ σύνεσιν (rare), Josh 22:17; 2Sam 11:25; Neh 9:32 (compare 1Sam 20:13 Dr). Once after אֵין, Hag 2:17 אֵין אֶתְכֶם אֵלַיָֽ.
d. poet. (si vera lectio), after an abstract noun used with a verbal force, Hab 3:13 (Amos 4:11; Isa 13:19; Jer 50:40 מַהְפֵּכָה exerts a verbal force, like the Arabic nom. verbi [see W^{AG i. § 196, 43}]; and Num 10:2; Ezek 17:9 לְמַסַּע, לְמַשְׂאוֺת are Aramaizing infinitives: compare Ew^{§ 239 a}).

2. את marks an accusative in other relations than that of direct object to a verb:
a. with verbs of motion (very rare) Num 13:17; Deut 1:19; Deut 2:7 (to 'walk the wilderness'); denoting the goal Judg 19:18; Ezek 21:25 (Ew^{§ 281 d, n., 282 a 1}).
b. denoting time (duration), also very rare: Exod 13:7; Lev 25:22; Deut 9:25.
c. expressing the accus. of limitation (rare): Gen 17:11; Gen 17:14; 1Kgs 15:23.

3. Chiefly in an inferior or later style, אֵת (or וְאֵת) is used irregularly, partly (α), as it would seem, to give greater definiteness (so especially וְאֵת) at the mention of a new subject (when it may sometimes be rendered as regards), or through the influence of a neighbouring verb (a construct κατὰ σύνεσιν), or by an anacoluthon, partly (β) as resuming loosely some other preposition Thus (α) Exod 1:14; Num 3:26; Num 3:46; Num 5:10 (with הָיָה: so Ezek 35:10) Num 18:21b Deut 11:2 (anacoluthon), Deut 14:13; Josh 17:11; Judg 20:44; Judg 20:46 (contr. vJudg 20:25 vJudg 20:35) 1Sam 17:34 (see Dr) 1Sam 26:16; 2Sam 21:22; 2Kgs 6:5; Isa 53:8 (probably), Isa 57:12; Jer 23:33 (but read rather with ᵐ5 ᵑ9 אַתֶּם הַמַּשָּׂא) Jer 27:8; Jer 36:22; Jer 38:16 Kt, Jer 45:4 b Ezek 16:22; Ezek 17:21; Ezek 20:16; Ezek 29:4 b Ezek 43:7 (ᵐ5 Co prefix הֲרָאִיתָ) Ezek 44:3; Zech 8:17; Eccl 4:3; Dan 9:13; Neh 9:19; Neh 9:34; 1Chr 2:9; 2Chr 31:17. In 1Sam 30:23; Hag 2:5 probably some such word as remember is to be understood. (β) Jer 38:9; Ezek 14:22 b Ezek 37:19 b Zech 12:10 סָבִיב אֵת 1Kgs 6:5; Ezek 43:17 strangely (in 1 Kings ᵐ5 omits the clause: so Sta^{ZAW 1883, 135}). — In 1Kgs 11:1 וְ is merely and also, and especially (see וְ); v1Kgs 11:25 is corrupt (read with ᵐ5 זֹאת הָרָעָה אֲשֶׁר עָשָׂה הֲדָד); Ezek 47:17; Ezek 47:18; Ezek 47:19 read similarly for ואת, זֹאת: see vEzek 47:20. — For some particulars as to the use of את, see A. M. Wilson^{Hebraica. vi. 139 ff. 212 ff.} (who, however, confuses it sometimes with II. אֵת). For denoting the pronominal object of a verb, את with suffix preponderates relatively much above the verbal affix in P, as compared with J E Deuteronomy Judges Samuel Kings (see Gie^{ZAW 1881, 258 f.}), — partly, probably, on account of the greater distinctness and precision which P loves.

BDB9600 H853 H3487

יָת mark of accusative (= Biblical Hebrew I. אֵת; Palmyrene ית; Zinjirli^{Had. 28} with suffix ותה; Nabataean, Palmyrene with suffix יתה (Lzb²⁶³ Cooke¹⁷⁰; compare RÉS⁴⁶⁸); ᵑ7 Samaritan יָת; Syriac (rare)); — Dan 3:12 דִּי מַנִּיתָ יָָֽתְהוֺן whom thou hast appointed.

with, from, of, and, by, …

ʾēt

properly, self (but generally used to point out more definitely the object of a verb or preposition, even or namely)

sign of the definite direct object, not translated in English but generally preceding and indicating the accusative

רָע֨וֹת

Root word evil, wickedness, wicked, hurt, mischief, …

Dictionary form: רַע · ra

Noun — Common, feminine plural, construct state plural — usually add "-s"; "___ of …" — bound to the next word

In the KJV here: the wickedness

evil ×198 the evil ×56 that which was evil ×23 an evil ×14 from evil ×13 of evil ×12 wickedness ×12 and evil ×11

More options

evil — Broadest default; covers moral evil and harm.

wicked — Prefer for persons or actions with moral culpability.

bad — Informal register; good for everyday or narrative contexts.

harm — Emphasizes injury or damage rather than moral character.

trouble — Use when context stresses difficulty or hardship.

calamity — Best for large-scale disaster or divine judgment contexts.

BDB8032 H7451

I. רַע₂₂₆ adjective bad, evil (distinction from noun, and verb Perfect 3 masculine singular, is sometimes not easy, and opinions differ); — masculine singular רַע Gen 6:5 +; רָ֑ע Gen 31:24 +; plural רָעַים Gen 13:13 +; construct רָעֵי Ezek 7:24 (strike out Co); feminine singular רָעָה Gen 37:2 + 37 t. (this form usually noun), plural רָעוֺת Gen 28:8 + 14 t.; רָעֹת Gen 41:27 (18 t. noun); —

1. bad, disagreeable, malignant: of a woman, רָעָה בְּעֵינֵי Exod 21:8 (E; perhaps, with changed accent, verb 3 feminine singular רָ֫עָה) disagreeable, unpleasing in the eyes of, plural Gen 28:8 (P); of poisonous herb 2Kgs 4:41, malignant boils Deut 28:35; Job 2:7, diseases Deut 7:15; Deut 28:59; 2Chr 21:19; Eccl 6:2, deadly sword Ps 144:10, arrows Ezek 5:16, severe judgments Ezek 14:21, wonders Deut 6:22 מַלְאֲכֵי רָעִים Ps 78:49 = fierce messengers (of God; Ew^{§ 287 a} Ges^{«GKC:130e»§ 130e}), wild beasts Gen 37:20; Gen 37:33 (JE) Lev 26:6 (H) Ezek 5:17; Ezek 14:15; Ezek 14:21; Ezek 34:25 unclean thing Deut 23:10.

2. bad, unpleasant, giving pain, unhappiness, misery: ימים רעים evil days (of trial and hardship) Gen 47:9 (P) Prov 15:15 עִנְיָן רע Eccl 1:13; Eccl 5:13 עִנְיַן Eccl 4:8, compare Eccl 2:17; Eccl 9:3 הַמַּעֲשֶׂה הָרָע Eccl 4:3 הדבר הרע evil report Exod 33:4 (J), so דִּבָּה רָעָה Gen 37:2 (JE) Num 14:37 (P), שׁם רע Deut 22:14; Deut 22:19; Neh 6:13, שְׁמוּעָה רָעָה Jer 49:23; Ps 112:7 of things: painful discipline Prov 15:10, evil occurrence 1Kgs 5:18, evil (-bringing) net Eccl 9:12, instruments Isa 32:7: כל הדבר הרע Josh 23:15 (D) all evil (injurious) things; רַע it is bad, harmful Isa 3:11; Jer 2:19 of speech, דבּר, רעאו טוב Gen 24:50 (J) in proverb, speak bad or good = anything at all, מטוב עד רע Gen 31:24; Gen 31:29 (E), לְמֵרָע ועד טוב 2Sam 13:22, of the divine spirit as producing an ecstatic state of frenzy and violence 1Sam 16:14; 1Sam 16:15; 1Sam 16:16; 1Sam 16:23; 1Sam 18:10; 1Sam 19:9 (see רוּח 9).

3. evil, displeasing עָשָׂח רָ֔ע בְּעֵינֵי סַרְנֵי פְלשְׁתִּים 1Sam 29:7.

4. bad of its kind, land Num 13:19 (J), place Num 20:5 (JE), waters 2Kgs 2:19, figs Jer 24:2; Jer 24:3 (twice in verse); Jer 24:8, kine Gen 41:3; Gen 41:4; Gen 41:19; Gen 41:20; Gen 41:21; Gen 41:27 (E), מוּם רע Deut 15:21, compare Deut 17:1.

5. bad, i.e. of low value Lev 27:10 (twice in verse); Lev 27:12; Lev 27:14; Lev 27:33 (H), compare Mal 1:8 (twice in verse); רַע רַע יאֹמַר מַקּוֺנֶה Prov 20:14 (twice in verse).

6. + מִן comparative, worse than, 2Sam 19:8 as superlative, רָעֵי גוֺיִם Ezek 7:24 worst of nations (strike out Co).

7. sad, unhappy: לֶברָֿע֑ sad heart (compare opposed to טוב, יטב) Prov 25:20 of face Gen 40:7 (E) Neh 2:2 רע לְפָנָיו vNeh 2:1.

8. חָשַׁב מַחֲשֶׁבֶת(ה)רָעָה devise evil (hurtful) device Ezek 38:10; Esth 9:25.

9. bad, unkind, vicious in disposition or temper: וְלֵברָֿ֑ע when the mind is vicious, harmful Prov 26:23 רַע עָ֑יִן one evil of eye Prov 23:6; Prov 28:22 רוּחַ רָעָה Judg 9:23 bad temper.

10. ethically bad, evil, wicked:
a. in general, אם טוב ואם רע Eccl 12:14 whether good or bad.
b. of persons, אושׁ רע 1Sam 30:22 אדם רע Ps 140:2 המן הרע הזה Esth 7:6 this wicked Haman, so רָ֑ע = evil man Ps 10:15; Job 21:30; Prov 11:21; Prov 12:13; Prov 24:20, רָעִים = evil men Gen 13:13 (J) Jer 6:29; Jer 15:21; Ezek 30:12; Job 35:12; Prov 4:14; Prov 12:12; Prov 14:19; Prov 15:8 רָעוֺת evil women Jer 2:33 שׁכנים רעים Jer 12:14 evil neighbours; of הַדּוֺר Deut 1:35, הָעָם Jer 13:10 הָעֵדָה Num 14:27; Num 14:35 (P), המשׁפחה Jer 8:3 ׳רַע בְּעֵינֵי י wicked in the eyes of ׳י Gen 38:7 (JE) = 1Chr 2:8 ׳עָשָׂה הָרָע בְּעֵינֵי י Num 32:13 (R) Deut 4:25; Deut 9:18; Deut 17:2; Deut 31:29; Judg 2:11 + 48 t., + (with suffix of God) 2Kgs 21:15; Isa 65:12; Isa 66:4; Jer 7:30; Jer 32:30; Ps 51:6; 2Sam 12:9, probably also Jer 18:10 (read הָרָע for הָרָעָה).
c. of thoughts, יֵצֶר Gen 6:5; Gen 8:21 (J), הַלֵּב הָרָע Jer 3:17; Jer 7:24; Jer 11:8; Jer 16:12; Jer 18:12 words, רעות Prov 15:28.
d. deeds, actions, עשׂה (כ)דבר הרע Deut 13:12; Deut 17:5; Deut 19:20; עשׂה הרעות Jer 3:5 דבר רע Ps 64:6; Ps 141:4; Eccl 8:3; Eccl 8:5 דברים 1Sam 2:23; 2Kgs 17:11 דֶּרֶךְ 1Kgs 13:33; Jer 18:11; Jer 23:22 + 11 t.; דרכים 2Kgs 17:13; 2Chr 7:14; Ezek 20:44; Ezek 33:11; Ezek 36:31; Zech 1:4 מעשׂינוּ Ezra 9:13 מעללים Zech 1:4; Neh 9:35 (compare רֹעַ 4); בֶּצַע רע Hab 2:9 מרוצתם Jer 23:10 (ה)תועבות (ה)רעות Ezek 6:11; Ezek 8:9 (strike out Co); כִּי רָעוֺת בִּמְגוּרָם Ps 55:16 for evil deeds are in their dwelling.

BDB8033 H7451

II. רַע₁₂₆ noun masculine^{Job 30:26} evil, distress, misery, injury, calamity; — absolute רַע Num 11:1 +, בְּרָע Exod 5:19 +, רָ֑ע Gen 48:16 +; —

1. evil, distress, adversity: יָרֵא רַע fear evil Ps 23:4; Zeph 3:15 בּוֺרֵא רָ֑ע Isa 45:7 (of God), הביא רע Isa 31:2 מתאננים רַע Num 11:1 (J) murmuring respecting distress (see Di); אם טוב ואם רע Jer 42:6 whether prosperity or adversity; יוֺם רע Amos 6:3 day of calamity; יְמֵי רע Ps 49:6; Ps 94:13 כי טוב קויתי ויבא רע Job 30:26 בְּרָע in adversity Exod 5:19 (E) Ps 10:6 יִפֹּל בְּרָ֑ע Prov 13:17 אֶרְאֶה בָרָ֑ע Gen 44:34 (J); בכלרֿע Prov 5:14, מכל רע Gen 48:16 (E) Ps 121:7 see also Mic 1:12; Ps 140:12; Job 5:19; Job 31:29; Prov 12:21; Prov 19:23.

2. evil, injury, wrong: Hab 2:9; Job 2:10; Prov 21:10 עשׂה רע, + עִם person Gen 31:29 (E); ל person Jer 39:12 as object of חשּׁב Hos 7:15, חרשׁ Prov 6:14; Prov 12:20; Prov 14:22, השׁיב Ps 54:7, גמל Ps 7:5; Prov 31:12, בקּשׁ Prov 17:11, שׁלּם Prov 20:22, אמר Ps 41:6, דבּר Ps 109:20 דבּר בְּרָע Ps 73:8 speak about injury; לֹא יִתְנַבֵּא טוֺב כִּי אִם רָ֑ע 1Kgs 22:8; 1Kgs 22:18 = 2 Chronicles (2Chr 18:7 לְרָעָמ), 2Chr 18:17 לְרָ֑ע; לרע for harm, injury Isa 59:7; Jer 7:6; Jer 25:7; Ps 56:6; Prov 1:16; Prov 21:12; Eccl 8:9 רַע יֵרוֺעַ Prov 11:15 (but read רֹעַ Gr SS, see Toy).

3. ethical evil, Deut 30:15; 2Sam 14:17; Isa 5:20; Amos 5:14; Mic 7:3 + 10 t.; עשׁה רע 2Kgs 21:9; 2Chr 12:14; 2Chr 33:9; Neh 9:28 + 8 t.; פֹּעֲלֵי רע Mic 2:1 אהד רע Mic 3:2 (Qr), Ps 52:5 שׂנא רע Amos 5:15; Ps 97:10; Prov 8:13 מאס רע Ps 36:5 מאס ברע Isa 7:15; Isa 7:16 בִּעֵר הרע מִן consume evil from Deut 13:6 + 8 t. Deuteronomy; לֹא רְגֻרְךָ רָ֑ע Ps 5:5 (adjective = evil man Hup De and others); ירע טוב ורע Gen 2:9; Gen 2:17; Gen 3:5; Gen 3:22 (all J), Deut 1:39 סר מֵרָע Isa 59:15; Ps 34:15; Ps 37:27; Prov 3:7 + 8 t.; כי ברע הוא Exod 32:22 (J) he is set on evil; רע רשׁעים Ps 7:10, רע מעללים 1Sam 25:3, compare Mic 3:4 (see רֹעַ 3); דִּבְרֵי רָע deeds of evil Jer 5:28 תַּהְפֻּכוֺתרָ֑ע Prov 2:14 אֹרַחרע Ps 119:101 עֲצַת רע Exod 11:2 מַחְשְׁבוֺת רע Prov 15:26 אִישׁ רע Prov 29:6 אַנְשֵׁי רע Prov 28:5 אֵשֶׁת רע Prov 6:24 (but read רֵעַ Gr Bi Toy).

BDB8034 H7451

רָעָה₃₁₀ noun feminine evil, misery, distress, injury; — absolute ׳ר Gen 26:29 +; construct רָעַת Gen 6:5 +; suffix רָֽעָתִי Ps 35:4 +; רָעָֽתְךָ 1Kgs 2:44 +; רָֽעָתֵכִי Jer 11:15 (text dubious); רָֽעַתְכֶם 1Sam 12:17, etc.; plural רָעוֺת Deut 31:17 +; רָעֹת Jer 44:9; Exod 23:2 suffix רָעוֺתֵיכֶם 1Sam 10:19 +, etc.; —

1. evil, misery, distress: פַּחַד רָעָה Prov 1:33, באה (ה)רעה Ezek 7:5 (twice in verse); with עַל Isa 47:11 (read באה for בא), Jer 5:12 + 5 t.; with אֶל Jer 2:3; Jer 51:60 הביא רעה Jer 4:6; 1Kgs 21:29 + אֶל 2Sam 17:14 + 8 t. in Kings Jeremiah; + עַל 1Kgs 9:9 = 2Chr 7:22; Jer 19:3 + 6 t. Jeremiah + 8 t.; + אֶל and לְ Jer 19:15; Jer 36:31 יוֺם רעה Jer 17:17; Jer 17:18 + 5 t.; יְמֵי העה Eccl 12:1 (i.e., spring days, fatal to old people, Wetzst in De^{Koh. 447}); רָעוֺת evils Deut 31:17 (twice in verse); Deut 31:21 (JE), Deut 32:23 (poem), Ps 34:20; Ps 40:13; Ps 88:4 עֵת רָעָה Amos 5:13; Jer 2:27; Jer 2:28 + 5 t.; ראה ברעה Num 11:15 (JE) Obad 1:13; Esth 8:6 ראה רעה Jer 44:17; Ps 90:15; Prov 22:3 = Prov 27:12 יפול ברעה Prov 17:20; Prov 28:14 בְּרָעָה Gen 44:29 (J) Prov 14:32; Prov 24:16; Neh 1:3; 1Chr 7:23; Ps 107:26 ברעותיכם Ps 141:5 נִחַם עַל רָעָה Exod 32:12; Exod 32:14 (J) Jer 8:6 + 6 t.; with אֶל 2Sam 24:16; Jer 26:3; Jer 26:13; Jer 26:19; Jer 42:10.

2. evil, injury, wrong: עשׂה רעה 2Sam 12:18; Jer 26:19; Jer 41:11 with עִם Gen 26:29 (J) Judg 15:3; 2Sam 13:16 with את Judg 11:27 with ל 1Sam 6:9; 1Kgs 2:44 + 4 t.; with אֶל Jer 44:7 object of verbs השׁב Gen 50:20 (E) Jer 36:3; Jer 48:2 + 7 t.; חרשׁ 1Sam 23:9; Prov 3:29 הֵשִׁיב Gen 50:15 (E) Judg 9:56; Judg 9:57 + 4 t.; גמל Gen 50:17 (E) 1Sam 24:18 (17) Isa 3:9; Prov 3:30 בקשׁ Num 35:23 (P) 1Sam 24:10 (9) 1Sam 25:26 + 4 t.; שׁלּם Gen 44:4 (J) Jer 18:20; Jer 51:24; Ps 35:12; Ps 38:21 לְרָעָה for harm Gen 31:52; Exod 23:2 (E) Deut 29:20; Judg 2:15; 2Sam 18:32; Jer 21:10 + 8 t. Jeremiah; Amos 9:4; Zech 1:15; Prov 6:18; Eccl 5:12 בְּרָעָתֶ֑ךָ 2Sam 16:8 in thy mischief; בְּרָעָה Exod 32:12 (J) for mischief; רָעָה רַבָּה Eccl 2:21 רָעָה חוֺלָה Eccl 5:12; Eccl 5:15.

3. ethical evil, 1Sam 12:17; 1Sam 12:19; 1Sam 24:12; 1Sam 26:18; + 13 t. Jeremiah, + 18 t., + following: עָשָׂה (הָ)רָעָה Gen 39:9; Deut 31:18 (J) + 5 t. + Jer 18:10 (Kt, but Qr רע); מַעֲשֵׂה רעה Eccl 8:11 אהב רעה Mic 3:2 (Kt); שׁוּב מרעה Jer 18:8; Jer 23:14; Jer 44:5 ׳בִּעֵר רעה מ Judg 20:13 (see II. רַע 3); מִפְּנֵי רָעָה Jer 7:12; Jer 44:3 מפגי רָעַתרעתכם Hos 10:15 ׳בגלל ר Jer 11:17 ׳על כל ר Jer 1:16; Jer 32:32; Jer 33:5 ׳מֵר Ps 107:34; Jer 12:4 אַנְשֵׁי רָעָה Prov 24:1.

evil, wickedness, wicked, hurt, mischief, …

raʿ

bad or (as noun) evil (natural or moral)

(adj) bad, evil

bad, disagreeable, malignant

in general, of persons, of thoughts

evil, distress, adversity

evil, misery, distress

אֲבוֹתֵי כֶ֜ם

אֲבוֹתֵי

Root word fathers, father, chief, families, patrimony, …

כֶ֜ם

Suffix — pronoun your / you (a group)

Dictionary form: אָב · awb

Noun — Common, masculine plural, construct state plural — usually add "-s"; "___ of …" — bound to the next word

In the KJV here: of your fathers

his father ×133 of their fathers ×94 his fathers ×86 my father ×80 thy father ×51 of the fathers ×44 the father ×41 their fathers ×30

More options

father — Default choice; direct, natural, widely understood.

ancestor — Prefer when referring to distant forebears or lineage.

forefather — Slightly more formal; good for ancestral or covenantal contexts.

patriarch — Use for tribal or clan heads with religious authority.

family head — Highlights household-leader role in social/legal contexts.

founder — Suits contexts emphasizing originating or establishing a line.

BDB17 H1

אָב₁₁₉₁ noun masculine father (Phoenician אב, Assyrian abu, Arabic , Sabean אב CIS^{iv, 1, 37 1. 2} and others, Ethiopic Aramaic אַבָּא, — absolute אָב Gen 44:19 + 47 t.; construct אַב Gen 17:4; Gen 17:5 (compare in אַבְרָהָם ib. & elsewhere in proper names. On Hal's proposed אֲבִר see אברהם); אֲבִי (compare Ge^{§§ 90, 3b, 96}) Gen 4:20 +; suffix אָבִי Gen 19:34 + (MI אבי); אָבִיךָ Gen 12:1 +; אָבִיו Gen 2:24 +; אָבִ֫יהוּ Judg 14:10 + 6t.; plural אָבוֺת Exod 12:3 +; construct אֲבוֺת Exod 6:25 + 7 t.; suffix אֲבוֺתַי (אֲבֹתַי, אֲבוֺתָ֑י) Gen 47:9 + 15 t.; אֲבוֺתֵיהֶם 1Chr 4:38 + 32 t. (late); אֲבוֺתָם Exod 4:5 + 106 t. etc.; —

1. father of individual Gen 2:24 (+ אֵם) Gen 11:28; Gen 11:29 (twice in verse); Gen 19:31; Gen 19:32; Gen 19:33, + often (mostly J E D); of father as commanding Gen 50:16 (J) Jer 35:6 f Prov 6:20 (compare Gen 18:19 J Gen 28:1; Gen 28:6 P 1Sam 17:20; 1Kgs 2:1); instructing מוסר Prov 1:8; Prov 4:1 (compare Deut 8:5); specifically as begetter, genitor Prov 23:22; Zech 13:3 (twice in verse) (+ אֵם) Isa 45:10 compare Gen 49:4 (J) Lev 18:7; Lev 18:8; Lev 18:11 (P); rebuking Gen 37:10 loving Gen 37:4; Gen 44:20 (J E; compare Gen 22:2; Gen 25:28; Gen 37:3; 2Sam 14:1); pitying Ps 103:13 (in simile compare 2Sam 18:5); blessing Gen 27:41 (J E compare Gen 27:4 also Gen 28:1 P +); as glad Prov 10:1; Prov 15:20 compare Prov 29:3 grieving Gen 37:35 (J E; compare 2Sam 12:22; 2Sam 19:1; 2Sam 19:2 f) etc. Also as object of honour, obedience, love Exod 20:12 (E) = Deut 5:16; Exod 21:15; Exod 21:17 (E) Deut 21:18; Deut 21:19; Gen 28:7 (P) 1Kgs 19:20 (all + אֵם), 1Kgs 50:1; 1Kgs 50:5 (J) Mal 1:6 etc. Hence metaphor of intimate connection Job 17:14 to corruption I cry, My father art thou (|| אִמִּי וַאֲחֹתִי לָֽרִמָּה).

2. of God as father of his people (see RS^{Sem 42}), who constituted, controls, guides and lovingly watches over it: Deut 32:6; Jer 3:4; Jer 3:19; Jer 31:9; Isa 63:16 (twice in verse); Isa 64:7; Mal 1:6; Mal 2:10 (compare Exod 4:22; Exod 19:4 (JE) Deut 32:11; Hos 11:1); compare Jer 2:27 (of idolatrous Israel) אֹמְרִים לָעֵץ אָבִי אַתָּה וְלָאֶבֶן אַתְּ ילדתני׃; especially God as father of Davidic line 2Sam 7:14; Ps 89:27 f. of needy (late) Ps 68:6 (compare Ps 103:13) (in proper name, f. of individual, compare below)

3. head of household, family or clan; בֵּית אָבִי as abode Gen 38:11 (twice in verse); Lev 22:13 +; = family Gen 24:40 (|| מִשְׁפַּחְתִּי) Gen 41:51; Gen 46:31 + compare Num 18:1; Num 18:2; Josh 2:12; Josh 2:18; Josh 6:25 especially techn. of divisions of Israel בֵּית אָב לְמִשְׁפָּחוֺת Num 3:30; Num 3:35 = a father's house, i.e. a family or clan; more often plural (אבותם, אבותיו) בֵית אָבוֺת = father's houses = families, clans (compare Di on Exod 6:14) Exod 6:14; Exod 12:3; Num 1:2; Num 1:18 ff (often in Numbers) Josh 14:1; Josh 19:51; Josh 21:1 (twice in verse); Josh 22:14 (twice in verse) (always P in Hexateuch); also 1Chr 5:13; 1Chr 5:15 + often in Chronicles; compare רָאשֵׁי אבות הלוים (= ׳בית א ׳ר) Exod 6:25 compare 1Kgs 8:1; 1Chr 6:4; 1Chr 7:11 + often Chronicles Ezra Nehemiah.

4. ancestor (a) of individual; grandfather (instead of precise term) Gen 28:13; Gen 32:10 (J; where used by Jacob of Abraham & then of Isaac); greatgrandfather 1Kgs 15:13 great-greatgrandfather 1Kgs 15:11 etc.; oft plural (= fathers, forefathers) Gen 15:15; Gen 46:34 (JE) 1Kgs 19:4; 1Kgs 21:3; 1Kgs 21:4; 2Kgs 19:12; 2Kgs 20:17 +; particularly שׁכב עם אבותיו 1Kgs 1:21; 1Kgs 2:10; 1Kgs 11:21; 1Kgs 22:40 +; joined with ׳ויקבר עם אב 1Kgs 14:31; 1Kgs 15:24; 1Kgs 22:51; 2Kgs 8:24; 2Kgs 15:38 compare v2Kgs 15:7, 2Kgs 16:20 + (all of kings of Judah); intensive, אֲבֹתֶיךָ וַאֲבוֺת אֲבֹתֶיךָ Exod 10:6 compare Dan 11:24 (b) of people Gen 10:21 (J) Gen 17:4; Gen 17:5 (P) Gen 19:37; Gen 19:38 (J) Gen 36:9; Gen 36:43 (P) Deut 26:5; Isa 51:2; Isa 43:27 (where אביך הראשׁון thy first father, see Che) compare also Ezek 16:3; Ezek 16:45 + often; plural Exod 3:13; Exod 3:15; Exod 3:16 (E) Deut 1:8; Josh 1:6; Judg 2:1; 1Sam 12:6 +; 1Sam 12:15 near the end read וּבְמַלְכְּכֶם ᵐ5 We Dr.

5. originator or patron of a class, profession, or art Gen 4:20; Gen 4:21.

6. figurative of producer, generator Job 38:28 הֲיֵשׁ לַמָּטָר אָ֑ב (|| הוֺלִיד אֶגְלֵיטָֽֿל׃ מִיֿ).

7. figurative of benevolence & protection Job 29:6 אָב אָֽנֹכִי לָֽאֶבְיוֺנִים, compare Job 31:18 of Eliakim Isa 22:21 perhaps also of gracious Messianic king אֲבִי עַד Isa 9:5 everlasting father (Ge Ew De Che Brd Di) — others divider of spoil (Abarb Hi Kn Kue Br^MP).

8. term of respect & honour (Abbas, Pater, Papa, Pope); applied to master 2Kgs 5:13 priest Judg 17:10; Judg 18:19 prophet 2Kgs 2:12 (twice in verse); 2Kgs 6:21; 2Kgs 13:14 (twice in verse); compare 2Kgs 8:9 counsellor Gen 45:8 (E; compare δευτέρου πατρός ᵐ5 add. Esth 3:13 τῷ πατρί 1 Mac Esth 11:32); king 1Sam 24:12 artificer 2Chr 2:12; 2Chr 4:16.

9. specifically, ruler, chief (late) 1Chr 2:24; 1Chr 2:42 (twice in verse); etc. (compare Ew^{§ 273 b}) see also Ew^{Geschichte. i. 524. H i. 365}. On the force of אָב in proper names (in many probably a divine title), see Che^{Ency. Bib., ABI, NAMES WITH} Nö^{ib., NAMES, §§ 44, 45}.

fathers, father, chief, families, patrimony, …

ʾāb

father, in a literal and immediate, or figurative and remote application

father of an individual

grandfather, forefathers (of a person)

וְ אֶת

וְ

Prefix — connector and (sometimes: but, so, then)

אֶת

Particle points to the object of the verb — leave untranslated

Dictionary form: אֵת · ate

Particle — Direct Object Marker

and ×240 of ×109 him ×107 them ×73 with ×72 from ×64 you ×61 me ×54

More options

[direct object marker — untranslated] — Most common use; marks definite direct object, no English equivalent.

with — Use when אֵת expresses accompaniment or association.

from — Use when context implies source or separation.

along with — Emphasizes inclusion or togetherness in a list.

together with — Slightly more formal; stresses joint participation.

among — Use when indicating presence within a group.

BDB853 H853

I. אֵת, with makk. אֶתֿ, with suffix אֹתִי; אֹתְךָ, אֹתְכָה Num 22:33, אֹתָ֑ךְ, אֹתָ֑כָה Exod 29:35, feminine אֹתָךְ; אֹתוֺ etc.; 2 plural אֶתְכֶם, once אוֺתְכֶם Josh 23:15 3 masculine plural regularly אֹתָם, rarely אֶתְהֶם Gen 32:1; Exod 18:20; Num 21:3; Ezek 34:12; 1Chr 6:50, once אוֺתְהֶם Ezek 23:45 3 feminine plural, on the contrary, regularly אֶתְהֶן (13 t.), once אֹתָן Ezek 16:54 (also אוֺתְהֶן Ezek 23:47, אֹתָ֖נָה Exod 35:26, אוֺתָ֖נָה Ezek 34:21); forms with cholem also often written plene: — the mark of the accusative, prefixed as a rule only to nouns that are definite (Moabite id., Phoenician אית i.e. אִיַּת (Schröd^{p. 213 f.}); Aramaic יָת frequently in ᵑ7; Syriac very rare as mark of accusative (for which is preferred), but used often in the sense of substance οὐσία, also in that of self, e.g. per se, reapse, sibi ipsi, PS^{1640 f.}, Samaritan ; Arabic , only used with suffix, when it is desired to emphasize the pronoun, e.g. Qor 1:4 W^{AG i. § 189.} [Ethiopic uses k£y¹ similarly, Di^{§ 150 a}; but it is dubious if this is etymologically akin.] The primitive form will have been 'iwyath, originally a substantive with following genitive, Ol^{p. 432}; whether ultimately a parallel development with אוֺת sign from √ אוה is uncertain: Ol W^{AG i. § 188} Lag^{M i. 226 affirm}, Nö^{ZMG 1886, 738 doubts. In Hebrew the ground-form is} אוֺת; the forms with ¢, e being abbreviated. In post Biblical Hebrew, used in combination with another preposition: thus בְּאוֺתוֺ הַיּוֺם = Bibl. בַּיּוֺם הַהוּא, בְּאוֺתָהּ הַשָּׁעָה; or as a nomin., e.g. אוֺתוֺ הָאִישׁ = Bibl. הָאִישׁ הַהוּא).

1. As mark of the accusative prefixed to substantives defined either by the article (or כֹּל), or by a genitive or pronominal affix, or in virtue of being proper names:
a. with transitive verbs, Gen 1:1; Gen 1:16; Gen 1:29; Gen 1:30; Gen 2:11; Gen 4:1; Gen 4:2; Gen 9:3 (אֶתֿכֹּל׃) etc. Similarly אֶתמִֿי whom (in particular), Josh 24:15; 1Sam 12:3; 1Sam 28:11; Isa 6:8 and elsewhere (but never אֶתמָֿה); also with זֶה Gen 29:33; Gen 44:29; 1Sam 21:16; 1Kgs 22:27 +, זֹאת Gen 29:27; 2Sam 13:27 +, אֵלֶּה Gen 46:18; Lev 11:18; Isa 49:21 +. So pretty uniformly in prose; but in poetry את is commonly dispensed with. By the use of את with the pronominal affix, a pronoun can at once, if required, be placed in a position of emphasis; let the order of words from this point of view be carefully noticed in the following passages: Gen 7:1; Gen 24:14; Gen 37:4; Lev 10:17; Lev 11:33; Num 22:32 thee I had slain, and her I had kept alive, Deut 4:14; Deut 6:13; Deut 6:23; Deut 13:5; Judg 14:3 אוֺתָהּ קַח לִי take for me her, 1Sam 14:35; 1Sam 15:1; 1Sam 18:17; 1Sam 21:10 אִםאֹֿתָהּ תִּקַּחלְֿךָ קָ֔ח if thou wilt take that, take it, 1Kgs 1:35; 1Kgs 14:9; Isa 43:22; Isa 57:11; Jer 9:2. So הַאוֺתִי Jer 5:22; Jer 7:19. It also sometimes enables the reflexive sense to be expressed (elsewhere נַפְשָׁם) Jer 7:19; Ezek 34:2. Rarely with a substantive which is undefined (Ew^{§ 277 d 2} Ges^{«GKC:117»§ 117}, 1, R. 2), as Exod 21:28; Num 21:9; Lev 20:14; 1Sam 24:6 (but see Dr) 2Sam 4:11; 2Sam 18:18; 2Sam 23:21 or which, though definite, is without the article, Gen 21:30; 2Sam 15:16; Lev 26:5; 1Sam 9:3 (so Num 16:15) Isa 33:19; Isa 41:7; Ezek 43:10 (for further examples see Ew 1.c.)
b. with a passive verb (Ges^{«GKC:121»§ 121}. 1 Ew^{§ 295 b}) conceived as expressing neutrally the action in question, and construed accordingly with an accusative of that which is its real object: examples occur with tolerable frequency from Gen 4:18 (J) וַיִּוָּלֵד לַחֲנוֺךְ אֶתעֿירָד, Gen 17:5 (P), לֹא יִקָּרֵא עוֺד אֶתשִֿׁמְךָ אַברָם there shall not be called (=one shall not call) thy name Abram, Gen 21:5 (E), Gen 27:42; 2Sam 21:11; 1Kgs 18:13; Hos 10:6 etc., to Jer 35:18; Jer 38:4; Jer 50:20; Ezek 16:4; Ezek 16:5; Esth 2:13 (compare Dr^{JPh xi. 227 f.}): also with passive verbs of filling (Ew^{§ 281 b}), as Exod 1:7 +.
c. with neuter verbs or expressions, especially such as involve the idea of regarding, or treating, appy. by a construction κατὰ σύνεσιν (rare), Josh 22:17; 2Sam 11:25; Neh 9:32 (compare 1Sam 20:13 Dr). Once after אֵין, Hag 2:17 אֵין אֶתְכֶם אֵלַיָֽ.
d. poet. (si vera lectio), after an abstract noun used with a verbal force, Hab 3:13 (Amos 4:11; Isa 13:19; Jer 50:40 מַהְפֵּכָה exerts a verbal force, like the Arabic nom. verbi [see W^{AG i. § 196, 43}]; and Num 10:2; Ezek 17:9 לְמַסַּע, לְמַשְׂאוֺת are Aramaizing infinitives: compare Ew^{§ 239 a}).

2. את marks an accusative in other relations than that of direct object to a verb:
a. with verbs of motion (very rare) Num 13:17; Deut 1:19; Deut 2:7 (to 'walk the wilderness'); denoting the goal Judg 19:18; Ezek 21:25 (Ew^{§ 281 d, n., 282 a 1}).
b. denoting time (duration), also very rare: Exod 13:7; Lev 25:22; Deut 9:25.
c. expressing the accus. of limitation (rare): Gen 17:11; Gen 17:14; 1Kgs 15:23.

3. Chiefly in an inferior or later style, אֵת (or וְאֵת) is used irregularly, partly (α), as it would seem, to give greater definiteness (so especially וְאֵת) at the mention of a new subject (when it may sometimes be rendered as regards), or through the influence of a neighbouring verb (a construct κατὰ σύνεσιν), or by an anacoluthon, partly (β) as resuming loosely some other preposition Thus (α) Exod 1:14; Num 3:26; Num 3:46; Num 5:10 (with הָיָה: so Ezek 35:10) Num 18:21b Deut 11:2 (anacoluthon), Deut 14:13; Josh 17:11; Judg 20:44; Judg 20:46 (contr. vJudg 20:25 vJudg 20:35) 1Sam 17:34 (see Dr) 1Sam 26:16; 2Sam 21:22; 2Kgs 6:5; Isa 53:8 (probably), Isa 57:12; Jer 23:33 (but read rather with ᵐ5 ᵑ9 אַתֶּם הַמַּשָּׂא) Jer 27:8; Jer 36:22; Jer 38:16 Kt, Jer 45:4 b Ezek 16:22; Ezek 17:21; Ezek 20:16; Ezek 29:4 b Ezek 43:7 (ᵐ5 Co prefix הֲרָאִיתָ) Ezek 44:3; Zech 8:17; Eccl 4:3; Dan 9:13; Neh 9:19; Neh 9:34; 1Chr 2:9; 2Chr 31:17. In 1Sam 30:23; Hag 2:5 probably some such word as remember is to be understood. (β) Jer 38:9; Ezek 14:22 b Ezek 37:19 b Zech 12:10 סָבִיב אֵת 1Kgs 6:5; Ezek 43:17 strangely (in 1 Kings ᵐ5 omits the clause: so Sta^{ZAW 1883, 135}). — In 1Kgs 11:1 וְ is merely and also, and especially (see וְ); v1Kgs 11:25 is corrupt (read with ᵐ5 זֹאת הָרָעָה אֲשֶׁר עָשָׂה הֲדָד); Ezek 47:17; Ezek 47:18; Ezek 47:19 read similarly for ואת, זֹאת: see vEzek 47:20. — For some particulars as to the use of את, see A. M. Wilson^{Hebraica. vi. 139 ff. 212 ff.} (who, however, confuses it sometimes with II. אֵת). For denoting the pronominal object of a verb, את with suffix preponderates relatively much above the verbal affix in P, as compared with J E Deuteronomy Judges Samuel Kings (see Gie^{ZAW 1881, 258 f.}), — partly, probably, on account of the greater distinctness and precision which P loves.

BDB9600 H853 H3487

יָת mark of accusative (= Biblical Hebrew I. אֵת; Palmyrene ית; Zinjirli^{Had. 28} with suffix ותה; Nabataean, Palmyrene with suffix יתה (Lzb²⁶³ Cooke¹⁷⁰; compare RÉS⁴⁶⁸); ᵑ7 Samaritan יָת; Syriac (rare)); — Dan 3:12 דִּי מַנִּיתָ יָָֽתְהוֺן whom thou hast appointed.

with, from, of, and, by, …

ʾēt

properly, self (but generally used to point out more definitely the object of a verb or preposition, even or namely)

sign of the definite direct object, not translated in English but generally preceding and indicating the accusative

רָע֣וֹת

Root word evil, wickedness, wicked, hurt, mischief, …

Dictionary form: רַע · ra

Noun — Common, feminine plural, construct state plural — usually add "-s"; "___ of …" — bound to the next word

In the KJV here: and the wickedness

evil ×198 the evil ×56 that which was evil ×23 an evil ×14 from evil ×13 of evil ×12 wickedness ×12 and evil ×11

More options

evil — Broadest default; covers moral evil and harm.

wicked — Prefer for persons or actions with moral culpability.

bad — Informal register; good for everyday or narrative contexts.

harm — Emphasizes injury or damage rather than moral character.

trouble — Use when context stresses difficulty or hardship.

calamity — Best for large-scale disaster or divine judgment contexts.

BDB8032 H7451

I. רַע₂₂₆ adjective bad, evil (distinction from noun, and verb Perfect 3 masculine singular, is sometimes not easy, and opinions differ); — masculine singular רַע Gen 6:5 +; רָ֑ע Gen 31:24 +; plural רָעַים Gen 13:13 +; construct רָעֵי Ezek 7:24 (strike out Co); feminine singular רָעָה Gen 37:2 + 37 t. (this form usually noun), plural רָעוֺת Gen 28:8 + 14 t.; רָעֹת Gen 41:27 (18 t. noun); —

1. bad, disagreeable, malignant: of a woman, רָעָה בְּעֵינֵי Exod 21:8 (E; perhaps, with changed accent, verb 3 feminine singular רָ֫עָה) disagreeable, unpleasing in the eyes of, plural Gen 28:8 (P); of poisonous herb 2Kgs 4:41, malignant boils Deut 28:35; Job 2:7, diseases Deut 7:15; Deut 28:59; 2Chr 21:19; Eccl 6:2, deadly sword Ps 144:10, arrows Ezek 5:16, severe judgments Ezek 14:21, wonders Deut 6:22 מַלְאֲכֵי רָעִים Ps 78:49 = fierce messengers (of God; Ew^{§ 287 a} Ges^{«GKC:130e»§ 130e}), wild beasts Gen 37:20; Gen 37:33 (JE) Lev 26:6 (H) Ezek 5:17; Ezek 14:15; Ezek 14:21; Ezek 34:25 unclean thing Deut 23:10.

2. bad, unpleasant, giving pain, unhappiness, misery: ימים רעים evil days (of trial and hardship) Gen 47:9 (P) Prov 15:15 עִנְיָן רע Eccl 1:13; Eccl 5:13 עִנְיַן Eccl 4:8, compare Eccl 2:17; Eccl 9:3 הַמַּעֲשֶׂה הָרָע Eccl 4:3 הדבר הרע evil report Exod 33:4 (J), so דִּבָּה רָעָה Gen 37:2 (JE) Num 14:37 (P), שׁם רע Deut 22:14; Deut 22:19; Neh 6:13, שְׁמוּעָה רָעָה Jer 49:23; Ps 112:7 of things: painful discipline Prov 15:10, evil occurrence 1Kgs 5:18, evil (-bringing) net Eccl 9:12, instruments Isa 32:7: כל הדבר הרע Josh 23:15 (D) all evil (injurious) things; רַע it is bad, harmful Isa 3:11; Jer 2:19 of speech, דבּר, רעאו טוב Gen 24:50 (J) in proverb, speak bad or good = anything at all, מטוב עד רע Gen 31:24; Gen 31:29 (E), לְמֵרָע ועד טוב 2Sam 13:22, of the divine spirit as producing an ecstatic state of frenzy and violence 1Sam 16:14; 1Sam 16:15; 1Sam 16:16; 1Sam 16:23; 1Sam 18:10; 1Sam 19:9 (see רוּח 9).

3. evil, displeasing עָשָׂח רָ֔ע בְּעֵינֵי סַרְנֵי פְלשְׁתִּים 1Sam 29:7.

4. bad of its kind, land Num 13:19 (J), place Num 20:5 (JE), waters 2Kgs 2:19, figs Jer 24:2; Jer 24:3 (twice in verse); Jer 24:8, kine Gen 41:3; Gen 41:4; Gen 41:19; Gen 41:20; Gen 41:21; Gen 41:27 (E), מוּם רע Deut 15:21, compare Deut 17:1.

5. bad, i.e. of low value Lev 27:10 (twice in verse); Lev 27:12; Lev 27:14; Lev 27:33 (H), compare Mal 1:8 (twice in verse); רַע רַע יאֹמַר מַקּוֺנֶה Prov 20:14 (twice in verse).

6. + מִן comparative, worse than, 2Sam 19:8 as superlative, רָעֵי גוֺיִם Ezek 7:24 worst of nations (strike out Co).

7. sad, unhappy: לֶברָֿע֑ sad heart (compare opposed to טוב, יטב) Prov 25:20 of face Gen 40:7 (E) Neh 2:2 רע לְפָנָיו vNeh 2:1.

8. חָשַׁב מַחֲשֶׁבֶת(ה)רָעָה devise evil (hurtful) device Ezek 38:10; Esth 9:25.

9. bad, unkind, vicious in disposition or temper: וְלֵברָֿ֑ע when the mind is vicious, harmful Prov 26:23 רַע עָ֑יִן one evil of eye Prov 23:6; Prov 28:22 רוּחַ רָעָה Judg 9:23 bad temper.

10. ethically bad, evil, wicked:
a. in general, אם טוב ואם רע Eccl 12:14 whether good or bad.
b. of persons, אושׁ רע 1Sam 30:22 אדם רע Ps 140:2 המן הרע הזה Esth 7:6 this wicked Haman, so רָ֑ע = evil man Ps 10:15; Job 21:30; Prov 11:21; Prov 12:13; Prov 24:20, רָעִים = evil men Gen 13:13 (J) Jer 6:29; Jer 15:21; Ezek 30:12; Job 35:12; Prov 4:14; Prov 12:12; Prov 14:19; Prov 15:8 רָעוֺת evil women Jer 2:33 שׁכנים רעים Jer 12:14 evil neighbours; of הַדּוֺר Deut 1:35, הָעָם Jer 13:10 הָעֵדָה Num 14:27; Num 14:35 (P), המשׁפחה Jer 8:3 ׳רַע בְּעֵינֵי י wicked in the eyes of ׳י Gen 38:7 (JE) = 1Chr 2:8 ׳עָשָׂה הָרָע בְּעֵינֵי י Num 32:13 (R) Deut 4:25; Deut 9:18; Deut 17:2; Deut 31:29; Judg 2:11 + 48 t., + (with suffix of God) 2Kgs 21:15; Isa 65:12; Isa 66:4; Jer 7:30; Jer 32:30; Ps 51:6; 2Sam 12:9, probably also Jer 18:10 (read הָרָע for הָרָעָה).
c. of thoughts, יֵצֶר Gen 6:5; Gen 8:21 (J), הַלֵּב הָרָע Jer 3:17; Jer 7:24; Jer 11:8; Jer 16:12; Jer 18:12 words, רעות Prov 15:28.
d. deeds, actions, עשׂה (כ)דבר הרע Deut 13:12; Deut 17:5; Deut 19:20; עשׂה הרעות Jer 3:5 דבר רע Ps 64:6; Ps 141:4; Eccl 8:3; Eccl 8:5 דברים 1Sam 2:23; 2Kgs 17:11 דֶּרֶךְ 1Kgs 13:33; Jer 18:11; Jer 23:22 + 11 t.; דרכים 2Kgs 17:13; 2Chr 7:14; Ezek 20:44; Ezek 33:11; Ezek 36:31; Zech 1:4 מעשׂינוּ Ezra 9:13 מעללים Zech 1:4; Neh 9:35 (compare רֹעַ 4); בֶּצַע רע Hab 2:9 מרוצתם Jer 23:10 (ה)תועבות (ה)רעות Ezek 6:11; Ezek 8:9 (strike out Co); כִּי רָעוֺת בִּמְגוּרָם Ps 55:16 for evil deeds are in their dwelling.

BDB8033 H7451

II. רַע₁₂₆ noun masculine^{Job 30:26} evil, distress, misery, injury, calamity; — absolute רַע Num 11:1 +, בְּרָע Exod 5:19 +, רָ֑ע Gen 48:16 +; —

1. evil, distress, adversity: יָרֵא רַע fear evil Ps 23:4; Zeph 3:15 בּוֺרֵא רָ֑ע Isa 45:7 (of God), הביא רע Isa 31:2 מתאננים רַע Num 11:1 (J) murmuring respecting distress (see Di); אם טוב ואם רע Jer 42:6 whether prosperity or adversity; יוֺם רע Amos 6:3 day of calamity; יְמֵי רע Ps 49:6; Ps 94:13 כי טוב קויתי ויבא רע Job 30:26 בְּרָע in adversity Exod 5:19 (E) Ps 10:6 יִפֹּל בְּרָ֑ע Prov 13:17 אֶרְאֶה בָרָ֑ע Gen 44:34 (J); בכלרֿע Prov 5:14, מכל רע Gen 48:16 (E) Ps 121:7 see also Mic 1:12; Ps 140:12; Job 5:19; Job 31:29; Prov 12:21; Prov 19:23.

2. evil, injury, wrong: Hab 2:9; Job 2:10; Prov 21:10 עשׂה רע, + עִם person Gen 31:29 (E); ל person Jer 39:12 as object of חשּׁב Hos 7:15, חרשׁ Prov 6:14; Prov 12:20; Prov 14:22, השׁיב Ps 54:7, גמל Ps 7:5; Prov 31:12, בקּשׁ Prov 17:11, שׁלּם Prov 20:22, אמר Ps 41:6, דבּר Ps 109:20 דבּר בְּרָע Ps 73:8 speak about injury; לֹא יִתְנַבֵּא טוֺב כִּי אִם רָ֑ע 1Kgs 22:8; 1Kgs 22:18 = 2 Chronicles (2Chr 18:7 לְרָעָמ), 2Chr 18:17 לְרָ֑ע; לרע for harm, injury Isa 59:7; Jer 7:6; Jer 25:7; Ps 56:6; Prov 1:16; Prov 21:12; Eccl 8:9 רַע יֵרוֺעַ Prov 11:15 (but read רֹעַ Gr SS, see Toy).

3. ethical evil, Deut 30:15; 2Sam 14:17; Isa 5:20; Amos 5:14; Mic 7:3 + 10 t.; עשׁה רע 2Kgs 21:9; 2Chr 12:14; 2Chr 33:9; Neh 9:28 + 8 t.; פֹּעֲלֵי רע Mic 2:1 אהד רע Mic 3:2 (Qr), Ps 52:5 שׂנא רע Amos 5:15; Ps 97:10; Prov 8:13 מאס רע Ps 36:5 מאס ברע Isa 7:15; Isa 7:16 בִּעֵר הרע מִן consume evil from Deut 13:6 + 8 t. Deuteronomy; לֹא רְגֻרְךָ רָ֑ע Ps 5:5 (adjective = evil man Hup De and others); ירע טוב ורע Gen 2:9; Gen 2:17; Gen 3:5; Gen 3:22 (all J), Deut 1:39 סר מֵרָע Isa 59:15; Ps 34:15; Ps 37:27; Prov 3:7 + 8 t.; כי ברע הוא Exod 32:22 (J) he is set on evil; רע רשׁעים Ps 7:10, רע מעללים 1Sam 25:3, compare Mic 3:4 (see רֹעַ 3); דִּבְרֵי רָע deeds of evil Jer 5:28 תַּהְפֻּכוֺתרָ֑ע Prov 2:14 אֹרַחרע Ps 119:101 עֲצַת רע Exod 11:2 מַחְשְׁבוֺת רע Prov 15:26 אִישׁ רע Prov 29:6 אַנְשֵׁי רע Prov 28:5 אֵשֶׁת רע Prov 6:24 (but read רֵעַ Gr Bi Toy).

BDB8034 H7451

רָעָה₃₁₀ noun feminine evil, misery, distress, injury; — absolute ׳ר Gen 26:29 +; construct רָעַת Gen 6:5 +; suffix רָֽעָתִי Ps 35:4 +; רָעָֽתְךָ 1Kgs 2:44 +; רָֽעָתֵכִי Jer 11:15 (text dubious); רָֽעַתְכֶם 1Sam 12:17, etc.; plural רָעוֺת Deut 31:17 +; רָעֹת Jer 44:9; Exod 23:2 suffix רָעוֺתֵיכֶם 1Sam 10:19 +, etc.; —

1. evil, misery, distress: פַּחַד רָעָה Prov 1:33, באה (ה)רעה Ezek 7:5 (twice in verse); with עַל Isa 47:11 (read באה for בא), Jer 5:12 + 5 t.; with אֶל Jer 2:3; Jer 51:60 הביא רעה Jer 4:6; 1Kgs 21:29 + אֶל 2Sam 17:14 + 8 t. in Kings Jeremiah; + עַל 1Kgs 9:9 = 2Chr 7:22; Jer 19:3 + 6 t. Jeremiah + 8 t.; + אֶל and לְ Jer 19:15; Jer 36:31 יוֺם רעה Jer 17:17; Jer 17:18 + 5 t.; יְמֵי העה Eccl 12:1 (i.e., spring days, fatal to old people, Wetzst in De^{Koh. 447}); רָעוֺת evils Deut 31:17 (twice in verse); Deut 31:21 (JE), Deut 32:23 (poem), Ps 34:20; Ps 40:13; Ps 88:4 עֵת רָעָה Amos 5:13; Jer 2:27; Jer 2:28 + 5 t.; ראה ברעה Num 11:15 (JE) Obad 1:13; Esth 8:6 ראה רעה Jer 44:17; Ps 90:15; Prov 22:3 = Prov 27:12 יפול ברעה Prov 17:20; Prov 28:14 בְּרָעָה Gen 44:29 (J) Prov 14:32; Prov 24:16; Neh 1:3; 1Chr 7:23; Ps 107:26 ברעותיכם Ps 141:5 נִחַם עַל רָעָה Exod 32:12; Exod 32:14 (J) Jer 8:6 + 6 t.; with אֶל 2Sam 24:16; Jer 26:3; Jer 26:13; Jer 26:19; Jer 42:10.

2. evil, injury, wrong: עשׂה רעה 2Sam 12:18; Jer 26:19; Jer 41:11 with עִם Gen 26:29 (J) Judg 15:3; 2Sam 13:16 with את Judg 11:27 with ל 1Sam 6:9; 1Kgs 2:44 + 4 t.; with אֶל Jer 44:7 object of verbs השׁב Gen 50:20 (E) Jer 36:3; Jer 48:2 + 7 t.; חרשׁ 1Sam 23:9; Prov 3:29 הֵשִׁיב Gen 50:15 (E) Judg 9:56; Judg 9:57 + 4 t.; גמל Gen 50:17 (E) 1Sam 24:18 (17) Isa 3:9; Prov 3:30 בקשׁ Num 35:23 (P) 1Sam 24:10 (9) 1Sam 25:26 + 4 t.; שׁלּם Gen 44:4 (J) Jer 18:20; Jer 51:24; Ps 35:12; Ps 38:21 לְרָעָה for harm Gen 31:52; Exod 23:2 (E) Deut 29:20; Judg 2:15; 2Sam 18:32; Jer 21:10 + 8 t. Jeremiah; Amos 9:4; Zech 1:15; Prov 6:18; Eccl 5:12 בְּרָעָתֶ֑ךָ 2Sam 16:8 in thy mischief; בְּרָעָה Exod 32:12 (J) for mischief; רָעָה רַבָּה Eccl 2:21 רָעָה חוֺלָה Eccl 5:12; Eccl 5:15.

3. ethical evil, 1Sam 12:17; 1Sam 12:19; 1Sam 24:12; 1Sam 26:18; + 13 t. Jeremiah, + 18 t., + following: עָשָׂה (הָ)רָעָה Gen 39:9; Deut 31:18 (J) + 5 t. + Jer 18:10 (Kt, but Qr רע); מַעֲשֵׂה רעה Eccl 8:11 אהב רעה Mic 3:2 (Kt); שׁוּב מרעה Jer 18:8; Jer 23:14; Jer 44:5 ׳בִּעֵר רעה מ Judg 20:13 (see II. רַע 3); מִפְּנֵי רָעָה Jer 7:12; Jer 44:3 מפגי רָעַתרעתכם Hos 10:15 ׳בגלל ר Jer 11:17 ׳על כל ר Jer 1:16; Jer 32:32; Jer 33:5 ׳מֵר Ps 107:34; Jer 12:4 אַנְשֵׁי רָעָה Prov 24:1.

evil, wickedness, wicked, hurt, mischief, …

raʿ

bad or (as noun) evil (natural or moral)

(adj) bad, evil

bad, disagreeable, malignant

in general, of persons, of thoughts

evil, distress, adversity

evil, misery, distress

מַלְכֵ֣י

Root word king, kings, royal

Dictionary form: מֶלֶךְ · meh-LEK

Noun — Common, masculine plural, construct state plural — usually add "-s"; "___ of …" — bound to the next word

In the KJV here: of the kings

the king ×712 king ×501 and the king ×198 the kings ×192 of the kings ×104 of the king ×98 kings ×64 and king ×33

More options

king — Most natural modern equivalent; universally understood.

monarch — Formal register; suits literary or elevated prose.

ruler — Broader term; useful when royal rank is less central.

sovereign — Emphasizes supreme authority; good in legal or theological contexts.

royal — Adjectival use; fits compound nouns like 'royal court'.

BDB4669 H4428 H4429

I. מֶ֫לֶךְ₂₅₁₃ noun masculine king (Late Hebrew id.; MI^{1, 5, 10, 18, 23} מלך; Neh 1:4 המלכן; Phoenician מלך; Zinjirli מלך DHM^{Sendsch. 60}; Assyrian maliku, malku, prince (Assyrian šarru = king); Arabic king (original Hebrew *מַלִח inferred, Lag^{BN 73} Ba^{NB § 112} WMM^{As. u. Europ.76}); Sabean מלכן SabDenkm^{No. 1}; construct מלך, plural אמלך CIS^{iv 37}; compare Ethiopic God (and Nö^l.c.); Aramaic , מְלֵיךְ; Palmyrene מלך מלכא Vog^{No. 28}; Nabataean מלכא Eut^{Nab. 1}); — ׳מ absolute Gen 14:7 + (insert also 2Sam 13:17 ᵐ5 Th We Dr Kit Bu, and v2Sam 13:34 ᵐ5 We Dr Kit Bu); in p. always מֶ֑לֶךְ Gen 49:20 + 238 t. (so also proper name in מֶלֶךְ-); construct Gen 14:1 +; suffix מַלְכִּי 2Sam 19:44 + 6 t., etc.; plural מְלָכִים Gen 14:9 +; מְלָכִין Prov 31:3 construct מַלְכֵי Gen 17:16 +; suffix מְלָכֶיהָ Isa 7:16 + 3 t.; מַלְכֵיהֶם Deut 7:24 + 16 t., etc.; —

1. king: of Egypt Gen 39:20f.; Exod 1:8f.; Deut 11:3; 1Kgs 3:1 of Mesopotamia, Shinar, Assyria, Babylon, Persia, etc. Judg 3:8; Judg 3:10; Gen 14:1f.; 2Kgs 15:19; 2Kgs 15:20; 2Kgs 15:29; 2Kgs 17:3f.; 2Kgs 18:13f.; 2Kgs 24:1; 2Kgs 24:11f.; Ezra 1:1f.; Ezra 4:3f.; Esth 1:2 +, 1Kgs 11:18; 1Kgs 11:40; 1Kgs 14:25; 2Kgs 17:4f.; 2Kgs 23:29 +; of Canaan, Philistia, Edom, Moab, etc. (often of single city): Gen 14:2f.; vGen 14:18; Gen 20:2; Gen 26:1; Gen 26:8; Gen 36:31; Num 20:14; Num 21:1f.; Num 22:4; Num 22:10; Deut 1:4; Deut 3:1f.; Josh 2:2 (often in Joshua), Judg 1:7; Judg 5:19; Judg 8:5; Judg 8:12; Judg 11:12f.; 2Kgs 3:4f. +; of Aram, Hamath, etc. 2Sam 8:3f. v2Sam 8:9; 1Kgs 15:18; 1Kgs 20:1f.; 1Kgs 22:3; 2Kgs 5:1f.; 2Kgs 8:7f.; v2Kgs 8:29; 2Kgs 9:14; 2Kgs 9:15; 2Kgs 15:37; 2Kgs 16:5f. +; of Tyre, etc. 2Sam 5:11; 1Kgs 5:15; 1Kgs 9:11; 1Kgs 9:16+, etc.; especially of Israel (undivided, and of both divisions) Gen 36:31; Num 23:21; Num 24:7; Deut 17:14f.; Judg 17:6; Judg 18:1; Judg 19:1; Judg 21:25; 1Sam 2:10; 1Sam 8:5f.; 2Sam 2:4f.; 1Kgs 1:33; 1Kgs 1:34f. + very often; compare also Judg 9:5. — 2Sam 18:29b strike out ׳הַמּ We Klo Dr Kit Bu. Note that in early books המלך דוד is nearly always said; in late books usually המלך ׳שׁלמה וגו) דוד; compare Aramaic כּוֺרֶשׁ מַלְכָּא, etc.

2. of Davidic king, as under divine protection, 1Sam 2:10 (|| מְשִׁיחוֺ), Ps 2:6; Ps 18:51; Ps 89:19; Ps 61:7, compare Ps 99:4 so in (Messianic) prediction Hos 3:5; Isa 32:1; Jer 23:5; Ezek 37:22; Ezek 37:24; Zech 9:9.

3. used of ׳י as king of Israel 1Sam 12:12 in poetry Deut 33:5 compare Ps 5:3; Ps 10:16; Ps 29:10; Ps 44:5; Ps 48:3; Ps 68:25; Ps 74:12; Ps 84:4; Ps 145:1; Ps 149:2; Isa 41:21; Isa 43:15; Isa 44:6; Zeph 3:15 מֶלֶךְ הַכָּבוֺד Ps 24:7; Ps 24:8; Ps 24:9; Ps 24:10 (twice in verse); universal king Ps 47:3; Ps 47:8; Ps 95:3; Ps 98:6; Jer 10:7; Jer 10:10, compare Jer 46:18; Jer 48:15; Jer 51:57; Zech 14:9; Zech 14:16; Zech 14:17; Mal 1:14 of false god Amos 5:26.

4. in fable, king of trees Judg 9:8; Judg 9:15 figurative of crocodile Job 41:26 אֵין לָאַרְבֶּה ׳מ Prov 30:27 of death, מֶלֶךְ בַּלָּהוֺת Job 18:14.

5. combinations are: —
a. הַגָּדוֺל ׳הַמּ 2Kgs 18:19; 2Kgs 18:28 = Isa 36:4; Isa 36:13 (of Assyrian king: compare Assyrian šarru rabu); גָּדוֺל ׳מ Eccl 9:14 (indefinite); of ׳י Mal 1:14, עַלכֿלאֿלהים ׳ג ׳מ Ps 95:3 ׳מ עוֺלָם Jer 10:10 (of ׳י); מְלָכִים ׳מ Ezek 26:7 (king of Babylon)
b. יְחִי הַמֶּלֶךְ 1Sam 10:24; 2Sam 16:16 (twice in verse); 1Kgs 1:34; 1Kgs 1:39; 2Kgs 11:12; 2Chr 23:11 מֶלֶךְ בירושׁלם Eccl 1:1, compare Eccl 15:26; 2Sam 5:2; 1Kgs 14:2; 1Chr 29:25; 2Sam 2:11 (׳בחברון עלהֿיה מ) 1Kgs 11:37; 2Chr 28:4; Eccl 1:12.
c. following a verb (one or two accusative) על ׳שִׂים מ Deut 17:14; Deut 17:15 (twice in verse); 1Sam 10:19 ׳שִׂים לָנוּ מ 1Sam 8:5 ׳שִׂים לְמ 1Kgs 10:9 לְ ׳נָתַן מ 1Sam 8:6; Hos 13:10; Hos 13:11 נָתַן עַל 1Sam 12:13; 2Chr 2:10; Neh 9:37; Neh 13:26 הִמְלִיךְ לְמֶלֶךְ Judg 9:6; 1Sam 15:11 על ׳הִמְלִיךְ מ 1Sam 12:1 לְ ׳הִמְלִיךְ מ 1Sam 8:22 ׳מָשַׁח מ עַל Judg 9:8 ׳מָשַׁח לְמ 1Kgs 1:45 עַל ׳מָשַׁךְ לְמ Judg 9:15; 1Sam 15:1; 1Sam 15:17; 2Sam 2:4; 2Sam 5:3; 2Sam 5:12; 2Sam 12:7; 1Kgs 1:34; 1Chr 11:3; 1Chr 14:8 יִהְיֶה על ׳מ 1Sam 8:19 על ׳בִּקֵּשׁ למ 2Sam 3:17 ׳הֵכִין לְמ על 2Sam 5:12; 1Chr 14:2 על ׳הֵקִים מ 1Kgs 14:14; Deut 28:36 ׳תַּחַת וגו ׳לְמ ׳יָשַׁב עַלכִּֿסֵּא י 1Chr 29:23, compare Prov 20:8 אלהיך ׳לְי ׳נָתַן עַלכִּֿסֵּא לְמ 2Chr 9:8.
d. מַעֲדַנֵּימֶֿלךְ Gen 49:20 royal dainties, figurative; ׳מִשְׁתֵּה הַמּ 1Sam 25:36 royal feast (in simile); ׳אֶבֶן הַמּ 2Sam 14:26 king's weight; ׳יַדהַֿמּ 1Kgs 10:13 royal bounty (in simile); ׳גִּזֵּי הַמּ Amos 7:1 king's mowings; ׳מִקְדַּשׁ מ Amos 7:13 royal sanctuary; עֲטֶרֶת מַלְכָּם 2Sam 12:30 crown of their king = 1Chr 20:2 (but read מִלְכֹּם ᵐ5 We Klo Dr Kit Kau — not Bu Kit^Chr. Hpt); compare also בַּיִת, עֵמֶק, גַּן, שָׁוֵה, etc. — proper name אבימלך, אחימלך, אלימלך, מלך, נתן, מלך, עבד, see below אב, אח, etc.

BDB4674 H4432 H1322 H4428

מֹ֫לֶךְ proper name, of a divinity Molech (ᵐ5 Μολοχ, ᵑ9 Moloch) (= מֶלֶךְ i.e. (divine) King, with vowels of בּשֶׁת to denote abhorrence, Hoffm^{ZAW iii. 1883, 124} RS^{Semitic i. 353; 2nd ed. 372}; compare Hoffm^{GG Abh. xxxvi. 1890 a (May, 1889), 25}; Phoenician proper name, of divinity מלך Milk, in proper names compare Bloch, Dr^{Dt.222 f.}); — with article ׳הַמּ: — the god to whom Israel sacrificed children with fire (in valley of Hinnom); ׳העביר בָּנֵשׁ לַ מּ 2Kgs 23:10 ׳העביר לַמּ Jer 32:35 (|| הַבַּעַל), Lev 18:21 (H); ׳נתן לַמּ Lev 20:2; Lev 20:3; Lev 20:4 (H); more generally ׳לִזְנוֺת אַחֲרֵי הַמּ vLev 20:5 (H). In 1Kgs 11:7 read probably מִלְכֹּם, q. v.

BDB4684 H4442 H6664 H4428

מַלְכִּיצֶֿ֫דֶק proper name, masculine king of שָׁלֵם (q. v.), (my king is ‚ede‡) — Gen 14:18. Ps 110:4. ᵐ5 Μελχισεδεκ.

BDB4685 H4443 H4428 H7311

מַלְכִּירָם proper name, masculine son of Jeconiah (= Jehoiakin) (my king (= Yahweh) is high, compare Gray^{Prop. N. 146 f.}; Phoenician proper name מלכרם); — 1Chr 3:18. ᵐ5 Μελχ(ε)ιραμ.

BDB4686 H4428 H4444 H7769

מַלְכִישׁוּעַ proper name, masculine son of Saul my king (= ׳י) is opulence, compare Gray^{Prop. N. 147}); — 1Sam 14:49; 1Sam 31:2; 1Chr 8:33; 1Chr 9:39; 1Chr 10:2 (in Chronicles מַלְכִּישֿׁוּעַ). ᵐ5 Μελχεισα, Μελχεσουε, etc.

king, kings, royal

melek

a king

king

יְהוּדָ֗ה

Root word a name — transliterate it ("Of judah")

Dictionary form: יְהוּדָה · yeh-hoo-DAW

Noun — Proper Name

In the KJV here: of judah

of judah ×506 judah ×144 and judah ×47 in judah ×24 against judah ×7 belongeth to judah ×5 from judah ×5 is in judah ×4

More options

Judah — Standard modern rendering for the person and tribe.

the tribe of Judah — Use when tribal identity needs to be explicit.

the kingdom of Judah — Preferable in contexts of the divided monarchy.

the land of Judah — Use when referring to the geographical region.

Judah's — Possessive form; clear and natural in modern English.

BDB3477 H3063

יְהוּדָה₈₂₀ proper name, masculine and of a territory Judah (treated Gen 29:35; Gen 49:8 (q. v. below) as if derived from Hoph`al of ידה = praised, object of praise (on ה compare Hiph`il אֲהוֺדֶ֑נּוּ Ps 28:7, יְהוֺדֶה Neh 11:17), but this dubious; relation to יְהֻד, II. יְהוּדִית: unexplained; see further Jastr^{JBL xii, 1898, 61 ff.}; Assyrian Ia-u-du, of land; Ia-u-da-ai, Judaean COT^Gloss) —

I. proper name, masculine 1. son of Jacob and Leah, explained by Leah's words I will praise ׳י Gen 29:35 (J); compare Jacob's prediction, thy brethren shall praise thee Gen 49:8 (poem in J E), see also vGen 49:9 vGen 49:10 elsewhere Gen 37:26; Gen 38:1 + 14 t. Gen 38; Gen 43:3; Gen 43:8; Gen 44:14; Gen 44:16; Gen 44:18; Gen 46:28 (all J), Gen 35:23 (P), 1Chr 2:1; 1Chr 2:3; Ruth 4:12 בְּנֵי יְהוּדָה sons of Judah Gen 46:12; Num 26:19 (P), 1Chr 2:3; 1Chr 2:4; 1Chr 4:1.

2. tribe descended from Judah Deut 33:7 (poem), Num 1:7 (P), Deut 27:12 +; בְּנֵי יהודה Num 1:26; Josh 14:6 (D), Judg 1:8 +; שֵׁבֶט יהודה Josh 7:16 (J), 1Kgs 12:20; 2Kgs 17:18; Ps 78:68 מַטֵּה בְנֵי יהודה Josh 15:1; Josh 15:20; Josh 15:21; Josh 21:9 (all P), 1Chr 6:50 elsewhere מַטֵּה יהודה Exod 31:2; Exod 35:30; Exod 38:22; Num 1:27; Num 7:12; Num 13:6; Num 34:19; Josh 7:1; Josh 7:18; Josh 21:4 (all P); אישׁ יהודה Judg 15:20 +; אנשׁי יהודה 2Sam 2:4 +, (compare amelûti [ƒabê] Ia-u-du Tel el-Amarna^{No. 39} Jastr^{JBL xii, 1893, 64}).

3. nation, of southern kingdom under dynasty of David, as distinguished from northern kingdom of Ephraim or Israel: Hos 4:15; Jer 2:28; 2Chr 12:12 +; of the returned exiles Neh 4:4 עַם יהודה 2Kgs 14:21 = 2Chr 26:1; Jer 25:1; Jer 25:2; Ezra 4:4 בְּנֵי יהודה Hos 2:2; Jer 7:30; 2Chr 13:18; 2Chr 25:12; 2Chr 28:10 בֵּית יהודה Hos 1:7; Jer 3:18; Ezek 4:6 +; מַלְכוּת יהודה 2Chr 11:17 personified, ׳בַּת י Lam 1:15; Lam 2:2; Lam 2:5.

4. Levite, Ezra's time, Ezra 10:23.

5. an over-seer of Jerusalem Neh 11:9.

6. Levite musician Neh 12:8.

7. priest Neh 12:36.

II. proper name, of a territory land of Judah, feminine Isa 7:6; Jer 23:6 = Jer 33:16; Joel 4:30; Ps 114:2 +; ארץ יְהוּדָה 1Sam 22:5; 2Kgs 23:24 +; אדמת יהודה Isa 19:17 עָרֵי יהודה 2Sam 2:1; 1Kgs 12:17; 2Kgs 18:13; 2Kgs 23:5; 2Kgs 23:8; Isa 40:9; Isa 44:26; Zech 1:12; Ps 69:36; Lam 5:11 elsewhere 15 t. Chronicles, 23 t. Jeremiah; בִּיהודה Judg 15:9 +; מיהודה 1Kgs 13:1 +; הר יהודה the hill-country of Judah Josh 11:21(D), Josh 20:7; Josh 21:11 (P), 2Chr 27:4 נֶגֶב יהודה the south (country) of Judah 1Sam 27:10; 2Sam 24:7 מדבר יהודה Judg 1:16; Ps 63:1 (title).

BDB9574 H3061 H3063

יְהוּד proper name, of a territory Judah (secondary formative from following according to M^{§ 68. b} Buhl; compare Biblical Hebrew יְהוּדָה); — Dan 5:13b; Ezra 5:1; Ezra 5:8; Ezra 7:14 ׳בְּנֵי גָּלוּתָא דַּי י Dan 2:25; Dan 5:13a; Dan 6:14.

judah, judahs

yĕhûdâ

praised

Jehudah (or Judah), the name of five Israelites; also of the tribe descended from the first, and of its territory

the son of Jacob by Leah

וְ אֵת֙

וְ

Prefix — connector and (sometimes: but, so, then)

אֵת֙

Particle points to the object of the verb — leave untranslated

Dictionary form: אֵת · ate

Particle — Direct Object Marker

and ×240 of ×109 him ×107 them ×73 with ×72 from ×64 you ×61 me ×54

More options

[direct object marker — untranslated] — Most common use; marks definite direct object, no English equivalent.

with — Use when אֵת expresses accompaniment or association.

from — Use when context implies source or separation.

along with — Emphasizes inclusion or togetherness in a list.

together with — Slightly more formal; stresses joint participation.

among — Use when indicating presence within a group.

BDB853 H853

I. אֵת, with makk. אֶתֿ, with suffix אֹתִי; אֹתְךָ, אֹתְכָה Num 22:33, אֹתָ֑ךְ, אֹתָ֑כָה Exod 29:35, feminine אֹתָךְ; אֹתוֺ etc.; 2 plural אֶתְכֶם, once אוֺתְכֶם Josh 23:15 3 masculine plural regularly אֹתָם, rarely אֶתְהֶם Gen 32:1; Exod 18:20; Num 21:3; Ezek 34:12; 1Chr 6:50, once אוֺתְהֶם Ezek 23:45 3 feminine plural, on the contrary, regularly אֶתְהֶן (13 t.), once אֹתָן Ezek 16:54 (also אוֺתְהֶן Ezek 23:47, אֹתָ֖נָה Exod 35:26, אוֺתָ֖נָה Ezek 34:21); forms with cholem also often written plene: — the mark of the accusative, prefixed as a rule only to nouns that are definite (Moabite id., Phoenician אית i.e. אִיַּת (Schröd^{p. 213 f.}); Aramaic יָת frequently in ᵑ7; Syriac very rare as mark of accusative (for which is preferred), but used often in the sense of substance οὐσία, also in that of self, e.g. per se, reapse, sibi ipsi, PS^{1640 f.}, Samaritan ; Arabic , only used with suffix, when it is desired to emphasize the pronoun, e.g. Qor 1:4 W^{AG i. § 189.} [Ethiopic uses k£y¹ similarly, Di^{§ 150 a}; but it is dubious if this is etymologically akin.] The primitive form will have been 'iwyath, originally a substantive with following genitive, Ol^{p. 432}; whether ultimately a parallel development with אוֺת sign from √ אוה is uncertain: Ol W^{AG i. § 188} Lag^{M i. 226 affirm}, Nö^{ZMG 1886, 738 doubts. In Hebrew the ground-form is} אוֺת; the forms with ¢, e being abbreviated. In post Biblical Hebrew, used in combination with another preposition: thus בְּאוֺתוֺ הַיּוֺם = Bibl. בַּיּוֺם הַהוּא, בְּאוֺתָהּ הַשָּׁעָה; or as a nomin., e.g. אוֺתוֺ הָאִישׁ = Bibl. הָאִישׁ הַהוּא).

1. As mark of the accusative prefixed to substantives defined either by the article (or כֹּל), or by a genitive or pronominal affix, or in virtue of being proper names:
a. with transitive verbs, Gen 1:1; Gen 1:16; Gen 1:29; Gen 1:30; Gen 2:11; Gen 4:1; Gen 4:2; Gen 9:3 (אֶתֿכֹּל׃) etc. Similarly אֶתמִֿי whom (in particular), Josh 24:15; 1Sam 12:3; 1Sam 28:11; Isa 6:8 and elsewhere (but never אֶתמָֿה); also with זֶה Gen 29:33; Gen 44:29; 1Sam 21:16; 1Kgs 22:27 +, זֹאת Gen 29:27; 2Sam 13:27 +, אֵלֶּה Gen 46:18; Lev 11:18; Isa 49:21 +. So pretty uniformly in prose; but in poetry את is commonly dispensed with. By the use of את with the pronominal affix, a pronoun can at once, if required, be placed in a position of emphasis; let the order of words from this point of view be carefully noticed in the following passages: Gen 7:1; Gen 24:14; Gen 37:4; Lev 10:17; Lev 11:33; Num 22:32 thee I had slain, and her I had kept alive, Deut 4:14; Deut 6:13; Deut 6:23; Deut 13:5; Judg 14:3 אוֺתָהּ קַח לִי take for me her, 1Sam 14:35; 1Sam 15:1; 1Sam 18:17; 1Sam 21:10 אִםאֹֿתָהּ תִּקַּחלְֿךָ קָ֔ח if thou wilt take that, take it, 1Kgs 1:35; 1Kgs 14:9; Isa 43:22; Isa 57:11; Jer 9:2. So הַאוֺתִי Jer 5:22; Jer 7:19. It also sometimes enables the reflexive sense to be expressed (elsewhere נַפְשָׁם) Jer 7:19; Ezek 34:2. Rarely with a substantive which is undefined (Ew^{§ 277 d 2} Ges^{«GKC:117»§ 117}, 1, R. 2), as Exod 21:28; Num 21:9; Lev 20:14; 1Sam 24:6 (but see Dr) 2Sam 4:11; 2Sam 18:18; 2Sam 23:21 or which, though definite, is without the article, Gen 21:30; 2Sam 15:16; Lev 26:5; 1Sam 9:3 (so Num 16:15) Isa 33:19; Isa 41:7; Ezek 43:10 (for further examples see Ew 1.c.)
b. with a passive verb (Ges^{«GKC:121»§ 121}. 1 Ew^{§ 295 b}) conceived as expressing neutrally the action in question, and construed accordingly with an accusative of that which is its real object: examples occur with tolerable frequency from Gen 4:18 (J) וַיִּוָּלֵד לַחֲנוֺךְ אֶתעֿירָד, Gen 17:5 (P), לֹא יִקָּרֵא עוֺד אֶתשִֿׁמְךָ אַברָם there shall not be called (=one shall not call) thy name Abram, Gen 21:5 (E), Gen 27:42; 2Sam 21:11; 1Kgs 18:13; Hos 10:6 etc., to Jer 35:18; Jer 38:4; Jer 50:20; Ezek 16:4; Ezek 16:5; Esth 2:13 (compare Dr^{JPh xi. 227 f.}): also with passive verbs of filling (Ew^{§ 281 b}), as Exod 1:7 +.
c. with neuter verbs or expressions, especially such as involve the idea of regarding, or treating, appy. by a construction κατὰ σύνεσιν (rare), Josh 22:17; 2Sam 11:25; Neh 9:32 (compare 1Sam 20:13 Dr). Once after אֵין, Hag 2:17 אֵין אֶתְכֶם אֵלַיָֽ.
d. poet. (si vera lectio), after an abstract noun used with a verbal force, Hab 3:13 (Amos 4:11; Isa 13:19; Jer 50:40 מַהְפֵּכָה exerts a verbal force, like the Arabic nom. verbi [see W^{AG i. § 196, 43}]; and Num 10:2; Ezek 17:9 לְמַסַּע, לְמַשְׂאוֺת are Aramaizing infinitives: compare Ew^{§ 239 a}).

2. את marks an accusative in other relations than that of direct object to a verb:
a. with verbs of motion (very rare) Num 13:17; Deut 1:19; Deut 2:7 (to 'walk the wilderness'); denoting the goal Judg 19:18; Ezek 21:25 (Ew^{§ 281 d, n., 282 a 1}).
b. denoting time (duration), also very rare: Exod 13:7; Lev 25:22; Deut 9:25.
c. expressing the accus. of limitation (rare): Gen 17:11; Gen 17:14; 1Kgs 15:23.

3. Chiefly in an inferior or later style, אֵת (or וְאֵת) is used irregularly, partly (α), as it would seem, to give greater definiteness (so especially וְאֵת) at the mention of a new subject (when it may sometimes be rendered as regards), or through the influence of a neighbouring verb (a construct κατὰ σύνεσιν), or by an anacoluthon, partly (β) as resuming loosely some other preposition Thus (α) Exod 1:14; Num 3:26; Num 3:46; Num 5:10 (with הָיָה: so Ezek 35:10) Num 18:21b Deut 11:2 (anacoluthon), Deut 14:13; Josh 17:11; Judg 20:44; Judg 20:46 (contr. vJudg 20:25 vJudg 20:35) 1Sam 17:34 (see Dr) 1Sam 26:16; 2Sam 21:22; 2Kgs 6:5; Isa 53:8 (probably), Isa 57:12; Jer 23:33 (but read rather with ᵐ5 ᵑ9 אַתֶּם הַמַּשָּׂא) Jer 27:8; Jer 36:22; Jer 38:16 Kt, Jer 45:4 b Ezek 16:22; Ezek 17:21; Ezek 20:16; Ezek 29:4 b Ezek 43:7 (ᵐ5 Co prefix הֲרָאִיתָ) Ezek 44:3; Zech 8:17; Eccl 4:3; Dan 9:13; Neh 9:19; Neh 9:34; 1Chr 2:9; 2Chr 31:17. In 1Sam 30:23; Hag 2:5 probably some such word as remember is to be understood. (β) Jer 38:9; Ezek 14:22 b Ezek 37:19 b Zech 12:10 סָבִיב אֵת 1Kgs 6:5; Ezek 43:17 strangely (in 1 Kings ᵐ5 omits the clause: so Sta^{ZAW 1883, 135}). — In 1Kgs 11:1 וְ is merely and also, and especially (see וְ); v1Kgs 11:25 is corrupt (read with ᵐ5 זֹאת הָרָעָה אֲשֶׁר עָשָׂה הֲדָד); Ezek 47:17; Ezek 47:18; Ezek 47:19 read similarly for ואת, זֹאת: see vEzek 47:20. — For some particulars as to the use of את, see A. M. Wilson^{Hebraica. vi. 139 ff. 212 ff.} (who, however, confuses it sometimes with II. אֵת). For denoting the pronominal object of a verb, את with suffix preponderates relatively much above the verbal affix in P, as compared with J E Deuteronomy Judges Samuel Kings (see Gie^{ZAW 1881, 258 f.}), — partly, probably, on account of the greater distinctness and precision which P loves.

BDB9600 H853 H3487

יָת mark of accusative (= Biblical Hebrew I. אֵת; Palmyrene ית; Zinjirli^{Had. 28} with suffix ותה; Nabataean, Palmyrene with suffix יתה (Lzb²⁶³ Cooke¹⁷⁰; compare RÉS⁴⁶⁸); ᵑ7 Samaritan יָת; Syriac (rare)); — Dan 3:12 דִּי מַנִּיתָ יָָֽתְהוֺן whom thou hast appointed.

with, from, of, and, by, …

ʾēt

properly, self (but generally used to point out more definitely the object of a verb or preposition, even or namely)

sign of the definite direct object, not translated in English but generally preceding and indicating the accusative

רָע֣וֹת

Root word evil, wickedness, wicked, hurt, mischief, …

Dictionary form: רַע · ra

Noun — Common, feminine plural, construct state plural — usually add "-s"; "___ of …" — bound to the next word

In the KJV here: and the wickedness

evil ×198 the evil ×56 that which was evil ×23 an evil ×14 from evil ×13 of evil ×12 wickedness ×12 and evil ×11

More options

evil — Broadest default; covers moral evil and harm.

wicked — Prefer for persons or actions with moral culpability.

bad — Informal register; good for everyday or narrative contexts.

harm — Emphasizes injury or damage rather than moral character.

trouble — Use when context stresses difficulty or hardship.

calamity — Best for large-scale disaster or divine judgment contexts.

BDB8032 H7451

I. רַע₂₂₆ adjective bad, evil (distinction from noun, and verb Perfect 3 masculine singular, is sometimes not easy, and opinions differ); — masculine singular רַע Gen 6:5 +; רָ֑ע Gen 31:24 +; plural רָעַים Gen 13:13 +; construct רָעֵי Ezek 7:24 (strike out Co); feminine singular רָעָה Gen 37:2 + 37 t. (this form usually noun), plural רָעוֺת Gen 28:8 + 14 t.; רָעֹת Gen 41:27 (18 t. noun); —

1. bad, disagreeable, malignant: of a woman, רָעָה בְּעֵינֵי Exod 21:8 (E; perhaps, with changed accent, verb 3 feminine singular רָ֫עָה) disagreeable, unpleasing in the eyes of, plural Gen 28:8 (P); of poisonous herb 2Kgs 4:41, malignant boils Deut 28:35; Job 2:7, diseases Deut 7:15; Deut 28:59; 2Chr 21:19; Eccl 6:2, deadly sword Ps 144:10, arrows Ezek 5:16, severe judgments Ezek 14:21, wonders Deut 6:22 מַלְאֲכֵי רָעִים Ps 78:49 = fierce messengers (of God; Ew^{§ 287 a} Ges^{«GKC:130e»§ 130e}), wild beasts Gen 37:20; Gen 37:33 (JE) Lev 26:6 (H) Ezek 5:17; Ezek 14:15; Ezek 14:21; Ezek 34:25 unclean thing Deut 23:10.

2. bad, unpleasant, giving pain, unhappiness, misery: ימים רעים evil days (of trial and hardship) Gen 47:9 (P) Prov 15:15 עִנְיָן רע Eccl 1:13; Eccl 5:13 עִנְיַן Eccl 4:8, compare Eccl 2:17; Eccl 9:3 הַמַּעֲשֶׂה הָרָע Eccl 4:3 הדבר הרע evil report Exod 33:4 (J), so דִּבָּה רָעָה Gen 37:2 (JE) Num 14:37 (P), שׁם רע Deut 22:14; Deut 22:19; Neh 6:13, שְׁמוּעָה רָעָה Jer 49:23; Ps 112:7 of things: painful discipline Prov 15:10, evil occurrence 1Kgs 5:18, evil (-bringing) net Eccl 9:12, instruments Isa 32:7: כל הדבר הרע Josh 23:15 (D) all evil (injurious) things; רַע it is bad, harmful Isa 3:11; Jer 2:19 of speech, דבּר, רעאו טוב Gen 24:50 (J) in proverb, speak bad or good = anything at all, מטוב עד רע Gen 31:24; Gen 31:29 (E), לְמֵרָע ועד טוב 2Sam 13:22, of the divine spirit as producing an ecstatic state of frenzy and violence 1Sam 16:14; 1Sam 16:15; 1Sam 16:16; 1Sam 16:23; 1Sam 18:10; 1Sam 19:9 (see רוּח 9).

3. evil, displeasing עָשָׂח רָ֔ע בְּעֵינֵי סַרְנֵי פְלשְׁתִּים 1Sam 29:7.

4. bad of its kind, land Num 13:19 (J), place Num 20:5 (JE), waters 2Kgs 2:19, figs Jer 24:2; Jer 24:3 (twice in verse); Jer 24:8, kine Gen 41:3; Gen 41:4; Gen 41:19; Gen 41:20; Gen 41:21; Gen 41:27 (E), מוּם רע Deut 15:21, compare Deut 17:1.

5. bad, i.e. of low value Lev 27:10 (twice in verse); Lev 27:12; Lev 27:14; Lev 27:33 (H), compare Mal 1:8 (twice in verse); רַע רַע יאֹמַר מַקּוֺנֶה Prov 20:14 (twice in verse).

6. + מִן comparative, worse than, 2Sam 19:8 as superlative, רָעֵי גוֺיִם Ezek 7:24 worst of nations (strike out Co).

7. sad, unhappy: לֶברָֿע֑ sad heart (compare opposed to טוב, יטב) Prov 25:20 of face Gen 40:7 (E) Neh 2:2 רע לְפָנָיו vNeh 2:1.

8. חָשַׁב מַחֲשֶׁבֶת(ה)רָעָה devise evil (hurtful) device Ezek 38:10; Esth 9:25.

9. bad, unkind, vicious in disposition or temper: וְלֵברָֿ֑ע when the mind is vicious, harmful Prov 26:23 רַע עָ֑יִן one evil of eye Prov 23:6; Prov 28:22 רוּחַ רָעָה Judg 9:23 bad temper.

10. ethically bad, evil, wicked:
a. in general, אם טוב ואם רע Eccl 12:14 whether good or bad.
b. of persons, אושׁ רע 1Sam 30:22 אדם רע Ps 140:2 המן הרע הזה Esth 7:6 this wicked Haman, so רָ֑ע = evil man Ps 10:15; Job 21:30; Prov 11:21; Prov 12:13; Prov 24:20, רָעִים = evil men Gen 13:13 (J) Jer 6:29; Jer 15:21; Ezek 30:12; Job 35:12; Prov 4:14; Prov 12:12; Prov 14:19; Prov 15:8 רָעוֺת evil women Jer 2:33 שׁכנים רעים Jer 12:14 evil neighbours; of הַדּוֺר Deut 1:35, הָעָם Jer 13:10 הָעֵדָה Num 14:27; Num 14:35 (P), המשׁפחה Jer 8:3 ׳רַע בְּעֵינֵי י wicked in the eyes of ׳י Gen 38:7 (JE) = 1Chr 2:8 ׳עָשָׂה הָרָע בְּעֵינֵי י Num 32:13 (R) Deut 4:25; Deut 9:18; Deut 17:2; Deut 31:29; Judg 2:11 + 48 t., + (with suffix of God) 2Kgs 21:15; Isa 65:12; Isa 66:4; Jer 7:30; Jer 32:30; Ps 51:6; 2Sam 12:9, probably also Jer 18:10 (read הָרָע for הָרָעָה).
c. of thoughts, יֵצֶר Gen 6:5; Gen 8:21 (J), הַלֵּב הָרָע Jer 3:17; Jer 7:24; Jer 11:8; Jer 16:12; Jer 18:12 words, רעות Prov 15:28.
d. deeds, actions, עשׂה (כ)דבר הרע Deut 13:12; Deut 17:5; Deut 19:20; עשׂה הרעות Jer 3:5 דבר רע Ps 64:6; Ps 141:4; Eccl 8:3; Eccl 8:5 דברים 1Sam 2:23; 2Kgs 17:11 דֶּרֶךְ 1Kgs 13:33; Jer 18:11; Jer 23:22 + 11 t.; דרכים 2Kgs 17:13; 2Chr 7:14; Ezek 20:44; Ezek 33:11; Ezek 36:31; Zech 1:4 מעשׂינוּ Ezra 9:13 מעללים Zech 1:4; Neh 9:35 (compare רֹעַ 4); בֶּצַע רע Hab 2:9 מרוצתם Jer 23:10 (ה)תועבות (ה)רעות Ezek 6:11; Ezek 8:9 (strike out Co); כִּי רָעוֺת בִּמְגוּרָם Ps 55:16 for evil deeds are in their dwelling.

BDB8033 H7451

II. רַע₁₂₆ noun masculine^{Job 30:26} evil, distress, misery, injury, calamity; — absolute רַע Num 11:1 +, בְּרָע Exod 5:19 +, רָ֑ע Gen 48:16 +; —

1. evil, distress, adversity: יָרֵא רַע fear evil Ps 23:4; Zeph 3:15 בּוֺרֵא רָ֑ע Isa 45:7 (of God), הביא רע Isa 31:2 מתאננים רַע Num 11:1 (J) murmuring respecting distress (see Di); אם טוב ואם רע Jer 42:6 whether prosperity or adversity; יוֺם רע Amos 6:3 day of calamity; יְמֵי רע Ps 49:6; Ps 94:13 כי טוב קויתי ויבא רע Job 30:26 בְּרָע in adversity Exod 5:19 (E) Ps 10:6 יִפֹּל בְּרָ֑ע Prov 13:17 אֶרְאֶה בָרָ֑ע Gen 44:34 (J); בכלרֿע Prov 5:14, מכל רע Gen 48:16 (E) Ps 121:7 see also Mic 1:12; Ps 140:12; Job 5:19; Job 31:29; Prov 12:21; Prov 19:23.

2. evil, injury, wrong: Hab 2:9; Job 2:10; Prov 21:10 עשׂה רע, + עִם person Gen 31:29 (E); ל person Jer 39:12 as object of חשּׁב Hos 7:15, חרשׁ Prov 6:14; Prov 12:20; Prov 14:22, השׁיב Ps 54:7, גמל Ps 7:5; Prov 31:12, בקּשׁ Prov 17:11, שׁלּם Prov 20:22, אמר Ps 41:6, דבּר Ps 109:20 דבּר בְּרָע Ps 73:8 speak about injury; לֹא יִתְנַבֵּא טוֺב כִּי אִם רָ֑ע 1Kgs 22:8; 1Kgs 22:18 = 2 Chronicles (2Chr 18:7 לְרָעָמ), 2Chr 18:17 לְרָ֑ע; לרע for harm, injury Isa 59:7; Jer 7:6; Jer 25:7; Ps 56:6; Prov 1:16; Prov 21:12; Eccl 8:9 רַע יֵרוֺעַ Prov 11:15 (but read רֹעַ Gr SS, see Toy).

3. ethical evil, Deut 30:15; 2Sam 14:17; Isa 5:20; Amos 5:14; Mic 7:3 + 10 t.; עשׁה רע 2Kgs 21:9; 2Chr 12:14; 2Chr 33:9; Neh 9:28 + 8 t.; פֹּעֲלֵי רע Mic 2:1 אהד רע Mic 3:2 (Qr), Ps 52:5 שׂנא רע Amos 5:15; Ps 97:10; Prov 8:13 מאס רע Ps 36:5 מאס ברע Isa 7:15; Isa 7:16 בִּעֵר הרע מִן consume evil from Deut 13:6 + 8 t. Deuteronomy; לֹא רְגֻרְךָ רָ֑ע Ps 5:5 (adjective = evil man Hup De and others); ירע טוב ורע Gen 2:9; Gen 2:17; Gen 3:5; Gen 3:22 (all J), Deut 1:39 סר מֵרָע Isa 59:15; Ps 34:15; Ps 37:27; Prov 3:7 + 8 t.; כי ברע הוא Exod 32:22 (J) he is set on evil; רע רשׁעים Ps 7:10, רע מעללים 1Sam 25:3, compare Mic 3:4 (see רֹעַ 3); דִּבְרֵי רָע deeds of evil Jer 5:28 תַּהְפֻּכוֺתרָ֑ע Prov 2:14 אֹרַחרע Ps 119:101 עֲצַת רע Exod 11:2 מַחְשְׁבוֺת רע Prov 15:26 אִישׁ רע Prov 29:6 אַנְשֵׁי רע Prov 28:5 אֵשֶׁת רע Prov 6:24 (but read רֵעַ Gr Bi Toy).

BDB8034 H7451

רָעָה₃₁₀ noun feminine evil, misery, distress, injury; — absolute ׳ר Gen 26:29 +; construct רָעַת Gen 6:5 +; suffix רָֽעָתִי Ps 35:4 +; רָעָֽתְךָ 1Kgs 2:44 +; רָֽעָתֵכִי Jer 11:15 (text dubious); רָֽעַתְכֶם 1Sam 12:17, etc.; plural רָעוֺת Deut 31:17 +; רָעֹת Jer 44:9; Exod 23:2 suffix רָעוֺתֵיכֶם 1Sam 10:19 +, etc.; —

1. evil, misery, distress: פַּחַד רָעָה Prov 1:33, באה (ה)רעה Ezek 7:5 (twice in verse); with עַל Isa 47:11 (read באה for בא), Jer 5:12 + 5 t.; with אֶל Jer 2:3; Jer 51:60 הביא רעה Jer 4:6; 1Kgs 21:29 + אֶל 2Sam 17:14 + 8 t. in Kings Jeremiah; + עַל 1Kgs 9:9 = 2Chr 7:22; Jer 19:3 + 6 t. Jeremiah + 8 t.; + אֶל and לְ Jer 19:15; Jer 36:31 יוֺם רעה Jer 17:17; Jer 17:18 + 5 t.; יְמֵי העה Eccl 12:1 (i.e., spring days, fatal to old people, Wetzst in De^{Koh. 447}); רָעוֺת evils Deut 31:17 (twice in verse); Deut 31:21 (JE), Deut 32:23 (poem), Ps 34:20; Ps 40:13; Ps 88:4 עֵת רָעָה Amos 5:13; Jer 2:27; Jer 2:28 + 5 t.; ראה ברעה Num 11:15 (JE) Obad 1:13; Esth 8:6 ראה רעה Jer 44:17; Ps 90:15; Prov 22:3 = Prov 27:12 יפול ברעה Prov 17:20; Prov 28:14 בְּרָעָה Gen 44:29 (J) Prov 14:32; Prov 24:16; Neh 1:3; 1Chr 7:23; Ps 107:26 ברעותיכם Ps 141:5 נִחַם עַל רָעָה Exod 32:12; Exod 32:14 (J) Jer 8:6 + 6 t.; with אֶל 2Sam 24:16; Jer 26:3; Jer 26:13; Jer 26:19; Jer 42:10.

2. evil, injury, wrong: עשׂה רעה 2Sam 12:18; Jer 26:19; Jer 41:11 with עִם Gen 26:29 (J) Judg 15:3; 2Sam 13:16 with את Judg 11:27 with ל 1Sam 6:9; 1Kgs 2:44 + 4 t.; with אֶל Jer 44:7 object of verbs השׁב Gen 50:20 (E) Jer 36:3; Jer 48:2 + 7 t.; חרשׁ 1Sam 23:9; Prov 3:29 הֵשִׁיב Gen 50:15 (E) Judg 9:56; Judg 9:57 + 4 t.; גמל Gen 50:17 (E) 1Sam 24:18 (17) Isa 3:9; Prov 3:30 בקשׁ Num 35:23 (P) 1Sam 24:10 (9) 1Sam 25:26 + 4 t.; שׁלּם Gen 44:4 (J) Jer 18:20; Jer 51:24; Ps 35:12; Ps 38:21 לְרָעָה for harm Gen 31:52; Exod 23:2 (E) Deut 29:20; Judg 2:15; 2Sam 18:32; Jer 21:10 + 8 t. Jeremiah; Amos 9:4; Zech 1:15; Prov 6:18; Eccl 5:12 בְּרָעָתֶ֑ךָ 2Sam 16:8 in thy mischief; בְּרָעָה Exod 32:12 (J) for mischief; רָעָה רַבָּה Eccl 2:21 רָעָה חוֺלָה Eccl 5:12; Eccl 5:15.

3. ethical evil, 1Sam 12:17; 1Sam 12:19; 1Sam 24:12; 1Sam 26:18; + 13 t. Jeremiah, + 18 t., + following: עָשָׂה (הָ)רָעָה Gen 39:9; Deut 31:18 (J) + 5 t. + Jer 18:10 (Kt, but Qr רע); מַעֲשֵׂה רעה Eccl 8:11 אהב רעה Mic 3:2 (Kt); שׁוּב מרעה Jer 18:8; Jer 23:14; Jer 44:5 ׳בִּעֵר רעה מ Judg 20:13 (see II. רַע 3); מִפְּנֵי רָעָה Jer 7:12; Jer 44:3 מפגי רָעַתרעתכם Hos 10:15 ׳בגלל ר Jer 11:17 ׳על כל ר Jer 1:16; Jer 32:32; Jer 33:5 ׳מֵר Ps 107:34; Jer 12:4 אַנְשֵׁי רָעָה Prov 24:1.

evil, wickedness, wicked, hurt, mischief, …

raʿ

bad or (as noun) evil (natural or moral)

(adj) bad, evil

bad, disagreeable, malignant

in general, of persons, of thoughts

evil, distress, adversity

evil, misery, distress

נָשָׁ֔י ו

נָשָׁ֔י

Root word wife, woman, wives, women, one, …

ו

Suffix — pronoun his / him / it

Dictionary form: אִשָּׁה · ish-SHAW

Noun — Common, feminine plural, construct state plural — usually add "-s"; "___ of …" — bound to the next word

In the KJV here: of their wives

wife ×73 woman ×55 his wife ×53 the woman ×44 wives ×40 to wife ×35 a woman ×29 the women ×28

More options

woman — Broadest rendering; prefer when no marital relationship implied.

wife — Use when a specific marital bond is in view.

female — Emphasizes sex/gender contrast; good in legal or biological contexts.

women — Plural contexts; collective or group references.

each one — Distributive idiom; use in 'each woman/one' constructions.

bride — Nuanced option for betrothal or covenant-entry passages.

BDB612 H802

אִשָּׁה₇₇₅ noun feminine woman, wife, female (Arabic , Sabean אנתֿת etc. DHM^{ZK 1884, 360}, Aramaic אִתְּתָא, אִנְתְּתָא, אִתָּא, , Palmyrene, Nabataean אנתתא, Ethiopic Phoenician אשת, Assyrian aššatu COT^Gloss) — ׳א absolute Gen 2:33 +; construct אֵשֶׁת Gen 11:29 + (apparently absolute Deut 21:11; 1Sam 28:7; Ps 58:9 but compare Bö^{§ 728} Ges^{«GKC:130»§ 130}. 5); suffix אִשְׁתִּי Gen 20:11 +; אִשְׁתְּךָ Gen 12:18 + (אֶשְׁתְּךָ Ps 128:3), etc.; Plural אִשֹּׁת Ezek 23:44 (Co לעשׂות); נָשִׁים Gen 4:19 +; construct נְשֵׁי Gen 4:23 +; suffix נָשַׁי Gen 30:26; 1Kgs 20:7 נְשֵׁיכֶם Exod 22:23 +, etc.; —

1. woman Gen 3:1; Gen 3:2; Gen 12:11 +; opposed to man Gen 2:22; Gen 2:23; Exod 35:29; Exod 36:6; Deut 7:2; Deut 7:5; Deut 22:22; 1Sam 21:5 +; ׳א emphatic a genuine (or ideal) woman Eccl 7:28 (|| אדם); simile of men as feeble, timid Jer 50:37; Jer 51:30 note especially הַטַּף בַּנָּשִׁים the children among the women, female children Num 31:18 (P); as conceiving Exod 2:2; Lev 12:2; 2Sam 11:5 +; travailing Jer 13:21 bearing children Judg 13:24; 1Kgs 3:18 compare Job 14:1; Job 15:14; Job 25:4 +, etc.; suckling Isa 49:15 אֹרַח כַּנָּשִׁים Gen 18:11 דֶּרֶח נָשִׁים Gen 31:35 with adjective, or app., מֵינֶקֶת׳א nursing woman, nurse Exod 2:7 זוֺנָה ׳א harlot Josh 2:1; Josh 6:22; Judg 11:1; Judg 16:1; 1Kgs 3:16; Prov 6:26; Jer 3:3; Ezek 16:30; Ezek 23:44 so זָרָה ׳א Prov 2:16; Prov 7:5 compare also Ezek 23:44 above; מְנָאָ֑פֶת ׳א adulteress Prov 30:20 (compare אֵשֶׁת אִישׁ Prov 6:26), אֵשֶׁת זְנוּנִים Hos 1:2 נָשִׁים נָכְרִיּוֺת foreign women 1Kgs 11:1; 1Kgs 11:8; Ezra 10:2; Ezra 10:10; Ezra 10:11; Ezra 10:14; Ezra 10:17; Ezra 10:18; Ezra 10:44; Neh 13:26; Neh 13:27 (compare vNeh 13:23); חֲכָמָה ׳א wise woman, one known as clever, shrewd 2Sam 14:2; 2Sam 20:16, etc.; also פִּילֶגֶשׁ ׳א concubine Judg 19:1; Judg 19:27: אַלְמָנָה ׳א widow 2Sam 14:5; 1Kgs 11:26; 1Kgs 17:9; 1Kgs 17:10 נְבִיאָה ׳א prophetess Judg 4:4 also construct before noun of quality אֵשֶׁת רָ֑ע Prov 6:24 בְּסִילוּת ׳א Prov 9:13 חֵן ׳א Prov 11:16 חַיִל ׳א Prov 12:4; Prov 31:10; Ruth 3:11 מִדְיָנִים ׳א Prov 21:9; Prov 25:24; Prov 27:15 וָכָ֑עַס ׳מ ׳א Prov 21:19.

2. Wife (woman belonging to a man, usually construct or suffix) Gen 2:24; Gen 2:25; Gen 3:8; Gen 3:17; Gen 4:1; Gen 4:17 + often; of one betrothed (ארשׂ) Deut 20:7; Deut 28:30 בַּעַל (הָ)אִשָּׁה Exod 21:3; Exod 21:22 אִישׁ הָאִשָּׁה Judg 20:4 לְאִשָּׁה to wife Gen 2:22; Gen 12:19; Gen 16:3; Gen 34:21 + often (after לָקַח, נָתַן husband or father subject); for wife (after הָֽיְתָה, woman subject) Gen 20:12; Num 36:3; Num 36:6 (twice in verse); Num 36:11; Num 36:12; Deut 22:19; Deut 22:29 +; for unfaithful wife compare 1; construct in phrase אֵשֶׁת חֵיקֶ֑ךָ Deut 13:7 compare Deut 28:54 נְעוּרֶיךָ ׳א Prov 5:18; Mal 2:14; Mal 2:15 בְּרִיתֶ֑ךָ ׳א vMal 2:14 אֵשֶׁת אָב = step-mother Lev 18:8; Lev 18:11; Lev 20:11.

3. Female of animals Gen 7:2 (twice in verse); see also below

4.

4. With distributive & reciprocal sense, מֵאֵת ׳א רְעוּתָהּ each woman from her neighbour Exod 11:2 (E); compare Ruth 1:8; Ruth 1:9; Jer 9:19 each one, of birds of prey Isa 34:15 compare vIsa 34:16 (strike out Bi Che); of cows (figurative of heartless women of Israel) Amos 4:3 of sheep (figurative of Israel) Zech 11:9 & of inanimate things (P, & late) אֶל אֲחֹתָהּ ׳א Exod 26:3 (twice in verse); Exod 26:5; Exod 26:6; Exod 26:17 (P) Ezek 1:9 (strike out Co) vEzek 1:23; Ezek 3:13.

BDB9321 H802

II. אנשׁ (√ of following; Biblical Hebrew III. אנשׁ, אִשָּׁח).

wife, woman, wives, women, one, …

ʾiššâ

a woman

woman, wife, female

woman (opposite of man)

וְ אֵת֙

וְ

Prefix — connector and (sometimes: but, so, then)

אֵת֙

Particle points to the object of the verb — leave untranslated

Dictionary form: אֵת · ate

Particle — Direct Object Marker

and ×240 of ×109 him ×107 them ×73 with ×72 from ×64 you ×61 me ×54

More options

[direct object marker — untranslated] — Most common use; marks definite direct object, no English equivalent.

with — Use when אֵת expresses accompaniment or association.

from — Use when context implies source or separation.

along with — Emphasizes inclusion or togetherness in a list.

together with — Slightly more formal; stresses joint participation.

among — Use when indicating presence within a group.

BDB853 H853

I. אֵת, with makk. אֶתֿ, with suffix אֹתִי; אֹתְךָ, אֹתְכָה Num 22:33, אֹתָ֑ךְ, אֹתָ֑כָה Exod 29:35, feminine אֹתָךְ; אֹתוֺ etc.; 2 plural אֶתְכֶם, once אוֺתְכֶם Josh 23:15 3 masculine plural regularly אֹתָם, rarely אֶתְהֶם Gen 32:1; Exod 18:20; Num 21:3; Ezek 34:12; 1Chr 6:50, once אוֺתְהֶם Ezek 23:45 3 feminine plural, on the contrary, regularly אֶתְהֶן (13 t.), once אֹתָן Ezek 16:54 (also אוֺתְהֶן Ezek 23:47, אֹתָ֖נָה Exod 35:26, אוֺתָ֖נָה Ezek 34:21); forms with cholem also often written plene: — the mark of the accusative, prefixed as a rule only to nouns that are definite (Moabite id., Phoenician אית i.e. אִיַּת (Schröd^{p. 213 f.}); Aramaic יָת frequently in ᵑ7; Syriac very rare as mark of accusative (for which is preferred), but used often in the sense of substance οὐσία, also in that of self, e.g. per se, reapse, sibi ipsi, PS^{1640 f.}, Samaritan ; Arabic , only used with suffix, when it is desired to emphasize the pronoun, e.g. Qor 1:4 W^{AG i. § 189.} [Ethiopic uses k£y¹ similarly, Di^{§ 150 a}; but it is dubious if this is etymologically akin.] The primitive form will have been 'iwyath, originally a substantive with following genitive, Ol^{p. 432}; whether ultimately a parallel development with אוֺת sign from √ אוה is uncertain: Ol W^{AG i. § 188} Lag^{M i. 226 affirm}, Nö^{ZMG 1886, 738 doubts. In Hebrew the ground-form is} אוֺת; the forms with ¢, e being abbreviated. In post Biblical Hebrew, used in combination with another preposition: thus בְּאוֺתוֺ הַיּוֺם = Bibl. בַּיּוֺם הַהוּא, בְּאוֺתָהּ הַשָּׁעָה; or as a nomin., e.g. אוֺתוֺ הָאִישׁ = Bibl. הָאִישׁ הַהוּא).

1. As mark of the accusative prefixed to substantives defined either by the article (or כֹּל), or by a genitive or pronominal affix, or in virtue of being proper names:
a. with transitive verbs, Gen 1:1; Gen 1:16; Gen 1:29; Gen 1:30; Gen 2:11; Gen 4:1; Gen 4:2; Gen 9:3 (אֶתֿכֹּל׃) etc. Similarly אֶתמִֿי whom (in particular), Josh 24:15; 1Sam 12:3; 1Sam 28:11; Isa 6:8 and elsewhere (but never אֶתמָֿה); also with זֶה Gen 29:33; Gen 44:29; 1Sam 21:16; 1Kgs 22:27 +, זֹאת Gen 29:27; 2Sam 13:27 +, אֵלֶּה Gen 46:18; Lev 11:18; Isa 49:21 +. So pretty uniformly in prose; but in poetry את is commonly dispensed with. By the use of את with the pronominal affix, a pronoun can at once, if required, be placed in a position of emphasis; let the order of words from this point of view be carefully noticed in the following passages: Gen 7:1; Gen 24:14; Gen 37:4; Lev 10:17; Lev 11:33; Num 22:32 thee I had slain, and her I had kept alive, Deut 4:14; Deut 6:13; Deut 6:23; Deut 13:5; Judg 14:3 אוֺתָהּ קַח לִי take for me her, 1Sam 14:35; 1Sam 15:1; 1Sam 18:17; 1Sam 21:10 אִםאֹֿתָהּ תִּקַּחלְֿךָ קָ֔ח if thou wilt take that, take it, 1Kgs 1:35; 1Kgs 14:9; Isa 43:22; Isa 57:11; Jer 9:2. So הַאוֺתִי Jer 5:22; Jer 7:19. It also sometimes enables the reflexive sense to be expressed (elsewhere נַפְשָׁם) Jer 7:19; Ezek 34:2. Rarely with a substantive which is undefined (Ew^{§ 277 d 2} Ges^{«GKC:117»§ 117}, 1, R. 2), as Exod 21:28; Num 21:9; Lev 20:14; 1Sam 24:6 (but see Dr) 2Sam 4:11; 2Sam 18:18; 2Sam 23:21 or which, though definite, is without the article, Gen 21:30; 2Sam 15:16; Lev 26:5; 1Sam 9:3 (so Num 16:15) Isa 33:19; Isa 41:7; Ezek 43:10 (for further examples see Ew 1.c.)
b. with a passive verb (Ges^{«GKC:121»§ 121}. 1 Ew^{§ 295 b}) conceived as expressing neutrally the action in question, and construed accordingly with an accusative of that which is its real object: examples occur with tolerable frequency from Gen 4:18 (J) וַיִּוָּלֵד לַחֲנוֺךְ אֶתעֿירָד, Gen 17:5 (P), לֹא יִקָּרֵא עוֺד אֶתשִֿׁמְךָ אַברָם there shall not be called (=one shall not call) thy name Abram, Gen 21:5 (E), Gen 27:42; 2Sam 21:11; 1Kgs 18:13; Hos 10:6 etc., to Jer 35:18; Jer 38:4; Jer 50:20; Ezek 16:4; Ezek 16:5; Esth 2:13 (compare Dr^{JPh xi. 227 f.}): also with passive verbs of filling (Ew^{§ 281 b}), as Exod 1:7 +.
c. with neuter verbs or expressions, especially such as involve the idea of regarding, or treating, appy. by a construction κατὰ σύνεσιν (rare), Josh 22:17; 2Sam 11:25; Neh 9:32 (compare 1Sam 20:13 Dr). Once after אֵין, Hag 2:17 אֵין אֶתְכֶם אֵלַיָֽ.
d. poet. (si vera lectio), after an abstract noun used with a verbal force, Hab 3:13 (Amos 4:11; Isa 13:19; Jer 50:40 מַהְפֵּכָה exerts a verbal force, like the Arabic nom. verbi [see W^{AG i. § 196, 43}]; and Num 10:2; Ezek 17:9 לְמַסַּע, לְמַשְׂאוֺת are Aramaizing infinitives: compare Ew^{§ 239 a}).

2. את marks an accusative in other relations than that of direct object to a verb:
a. with verbs of motion (very rare) Num 13:17; Deut 1:19; Deut 2:7 (to 'walk the wilderness'); denoting the goal Judg 19:18; Ezek 21:25 (Ew^{§ 281 d, n., 282 a 1}).
b. denoting time (duration), also very rare: Exod 13:7; Lev 25:22; Deut 9:25.
c. expressing the accus. of limitation (rare): Gen 17:11; Gen 17:14; 1Kgs 15:23.

3. Chiefly in an inferior or later style, אֵת (or וְאֵת) is used irregularly, partly (α), as it would seem, to give greater definiteness (so especially וְאֵת) at the mention of a new subject (when it may sometimes be rendered as regards), or through the influence of a neighbouring verb (a construct κατὰ σύνεσιν), or by an anacoluthon, partly (β) as resuming loosely some other preposition Thus (α) Exod 1:14; Num 3:26; Num 3:46; Num 5:10 (with הָיָה: so Ezek 35:10) Num 18:21b Deut 11:2 (anacoluthon), Deut 14:13; Josh 17:11; Judg 20:44; Judg 20:46 (contr. vJudg 20:25 vJudg 20:35) 1Sam 17:34 (see Dr) 1Sam 26:16; 2Sam 21:22; 2Kgs 6:5; Isa 53:8 (probably), Isa 57:12; Jer 23:33 (but read rather with ᵐ5 ᵑ9 אַתֶּם הַמַּשָּׂא) Jer 27:8; Jer 36:22; Jer 38:16 Kt, Jer 45:4 b Ezek 16:22; Ezek 17:21; Ezek 20:16; Ezek 29:4 b Ezek 43:7 (ᵐ5 Co prefix הֲרָאִיתָ) Ezek 44:3; Zech 8:17; Eccl 4:3; Dan 9:13; Neh 9:19; Neh 9:34; 1Chr 2:9; 2Chr 31:17. In 1Sam 30:23; Hag 2:5 probably some such word as remember is to be understood. (β) Jer 38:9; Ezek 14:22 b Ezek 37:19 b Zech 12:10 סָבִיב אֵת 1Kgs 6:5; Ezek 43:17 strangely (in 1 Kings ᵐ5 omits the clause: so Sta^{ZAW 1883, 135}). — In 1Kgs 11:1 וְ is merely and also, and especially (see וְ); v1Kgs 11:25 is corrupt (read with ᵐ5 זֹאת הָרָעָה אֲשֶׁר עָשָׂה הֲדָד); Ezek 47:17; Ezek 47:18; Ezek 47:19 read similarly for ואת, זֹאת: see vEzek 47:20. — For some particulars as to the use of את, see A. M. Wilson^{Hebraica. vi. 139 ff. 212 ff.} (who, however, confuses it sometimes with II. אֵת). For denoting the pronominal object of a verb, את with suffix preponderates relatively much above the verbal affix in P, as compared with J E Deuteronomy Judges Samuel Kings (see Gie^{ZAW 1881, 258 f.}), — partly, probably, on account of the greater distinctness and precision which P loves.

BDB9600 H853 H3487

יָת mark of accusative (= Biblical Hebrew I. אֵת; Palmyrene ית; Zinjirli^{Had. 28} with suffix ותה; Nabataean, Palmyrene with suffix יתה (Lzb²⁶³ Cooke¹⁷⁰; compare RÉS⁴⁶⁸); ᵑ7 Samaritan יָת; Syriac (rare)); — Dan 3:12 דִּי מַנִּיתָ יָָֽתְהוֺן whom thou hast appointed.

with, from, of, and, by, …

ʾēt

properly, self (but generally used to point out more definitely the object of a verb or preposition, even or namely)

sign of the definite direct object, not translated in English but generally preceding and indicating the accusative

רָעֹ֣תֵ כֶ֔ם

רָעֹ֣תֵ

Root word evil, wickedness, wicked, hurt, mischief, …

כֶ֔ם

Suffix — pronoun your / you (a group)

Dictionary form: רַע · ra

Noun — Common, feminine plural, construct state plural — usually add "-s"; "___ of …" — bound to the next word

In the KJV here: and your own wickedness

evil ×198 the evil ×56 that which was evil ×23 an evil ×14 from evil ×13 of evil ×12 wickedness ×12 and evil ×11

More options

evil — Broadest default; covers moral evil and harm.

wicked — Prefer for persons or actions with moral culpability.

bad — Informal register; good for everyday or narrative contexts.

harm — Emphasizes injury or damage rather than moral character.

trouble — Use when context stresses difficulty or hardship.

calamity — Best for large-scale disaster or divine judgment contexts.

BDB8032 H7451

I. רַע₂₂₆ adjective bad, evil (distinction from noun, and verb Perfect 3 masculine singular, is sometimes not easy, and opinions differ); — masculine singular רַע Gen 6:5 +; רָ֑ע Gen 31:24 +; plural רָעַים Gen 13:13 +; construct רָעֵי Ezek 7:24 (strike out Co); feminine singular רָעָה Gen 37:2 + 37 t. (this form usually noun), plural רָעוֺת Gen 28:8 + 14 t.; רָעֹת Gen 41:27 (18 t. noun); —

1. bad, disagreeable, malignant: of a woman, רָעָה בְּעֵינֵי Exod 21:8 (E; perhaps, with changed accent, verb 3 feminine singular רָ֫עָה) disagreeable, unpleasing in the eyes of, plural Gen 28:8 (P); of poisonous herb 2Kgs 4:41, malignant boils Deut 28:35; Job 2:7, diseases Deut 7:15; Deut 28:59; 2Chr 21:19; Eccl 6:2, deadly sword Ps 144:10, arrows Ezek 5:16, severe judgments Ezek 14:21, wonders Deut 6:22 מַלְאֲכֵי רָעִים Ps 78:49 = fierce messengers (of God; Ew^{§ 287 a} Ges^{«GKC:130e»§ 130e}), wild beasts Gen 37:20; Gen 37:33 (JE) Lev 26:6 (H) Ezek 5:17; Ezek 14:15; Ezek 14:21; Ezek 34:25 unclean thing Deut 23:10.

2. bad, unpleasant, giving pain, unhappiness, misery: ימים רעים evil days (of trial and hardship) Gen 47:9 (P) Prov 15:15 עִנְיָן רע Eccl 1:13; Eccl 5:13 עִנְיַן Eccl 4:8, compare Eccl 2:17; Eccl 9:3 הַמַּעֲשֶׂה הָרָע Eccl 4:3 הדבר הרע evil report Exod 33:4 (J), so דִּבָּה רָעָה Gen 37:2 (JE) Num 14:37 (P), שׁם רע Deut 22:14; Deut 22:19; Neh 6:13, שְׁמוּעָה רָעָה Jer 49:23; Ps 112:7 of things: painful discipline Prov 15:10, evil occurrence 1Kgs 5:18, evil (-bringing) net Eccl 9:12, instruments Isa 32:7: כל הדבר הרע Josh 23:15 (D) all evil (injurious) things; רַע it is bad, harmful Isa 3:11; Jer 2:19 of speech, דבּר, רעאו טוב Gen 24:50 (J) in proverb, speak bad or good = anything at all, מטוב עד רע Gen 31:24; Gen 31:29 (E), לְמֵרָע ועד טוב 2Sam 13:22, of the divine spirit as producing an ecstatic state of frenzy and violence 1Sam 16:14; 1Sam 16:15; 1Sam 16:16; 1Sam 16:23; 1Sam 18:10; 1Sam 19:9 (see רוּח 9).

3. evil, displeasing עָשָׂח רָ֔ע בְּעֵינֵי סַרְנֵי פְלשְׁתִּים 1Sam 29:7.

4. bad of its kind, land Num 13:19 (J), place Num 20:5 (JE), waters 2Kgs 2:19, figs Jer 24:2; Jer 24:3 (twice in verse); Jer 24:8, kine Gen 41:3; Gen 41:4; Gen 41:19; Gen 41:20; Gen 41:21; Gen 41:27 (E), מוּם רע Deut 15:21, compare Deut 17:1.

5. bad, i.e. of low value Lev 27:10 (twice in verse); Lev 27:12; Lev 27:14; Lev 27:33 (H), compare Mal 1:8 (twice in verse); רַע רַע יאֹמַר מַקּוֺנֶה Prov 20:14 (twice in verse).

6. + מִן comparative, worse than, 2Sam 19:8 as superlative, רָעֵי גוֺיִם Ezek 7:24 worst of nations (strike out Co).

7. sad, unhappy: לֶברָֿע֑ sad heart (compare opposed to טוב, יטב) Prov 25:20 of face Gen 40:7 (E) Neh 2:2 רע לְפָנָיו vNeh 2:1.

8. חָשַׁב מַחֲשֶׁבֶת(ה)רָעָה devise evil (hurtful) device Ezek 38:10; Esth 9:25.

9. bad, unkind, vicious in disposition or temper: וְלֵברָֿ֑ע when the mind is vicious, harmful Prov 26:23 רַע עָ֑יִן one evil of eye Prov 23:6; Prov 28:22 רוּחַ רָעָה Judg 9:23 bad temper.

10. ethically bad, evil, wicked:
a. in general, אם טוב ואם רע Eccl 12:14 whether good or bad.
b. of persons, אושׁ רע 1Sam 30:22 אדם רע Ps 140:2 המן הרע הזה Esth 7:6 this wicked Haman, so רָ֑ע = evil man Ps 10:15; Job 21:30; Prov 11:21; Prov 12:13; Prov 24:20, רָעִים = evil men Gen 13:13 (J) Jer 6:29; Jer 15:21; Ezek 30:12; Job 35:12; Prov 4:14; Prov 12:12; Prov 14:19; Prov 15:8 רָעוֺת evil women Jer 2:33 שׁכנים רעים Jer 12:14 evil neighbours; of הַדּוֺר Deut 1:35, הָעָם Jer 13:10 הָעֵדָה Num 14:27; Num 14:35 (P), המשׁפחה Jer 8:3 ׳רַע בְּעֵינֵי י wicked in the eyes of ׳י Gen 38:7 (JE) = 1Chr 2:8 ׳עָשָׂה הָרָע בְּעֵינֵי י Num 32:13 (R) Deut 4:25; Deut 9:18; Deut 17:2; Deut 31:29; Judg 2:11 + 48 t., + (with suffix of God) 2Kgs 21:15; Isa 65:12; Isa 66:4; Jer 7:30; Jer 32:30; Ps 51:6; 2Sam 12:9, probably also Jer 18:10 (read הָרָע for הָרָעָה).
c. of thoughts, יֵצֶר Gen 6:5; Gen 8:21 (J), הַלֵּב הָרָע Jer 3:17; Jer 7:24; Jer 11:8; Jer 16:12; Jer 18:12 words, רעות Prov 15:28.
d. deeds, actions, עשׂה (כ)דבר הרע Deut 13:12; Deut 17:5; Deut 19:20; עשׂה הרעות Jer 3:5 דבר רע Ps 64:6; Ps 141:4; Eccl 8:3; Eccl 8:5 דברים 1Sam 2:23; 2Kgs 17:11 דֶּרֶךְ 1Kgs 13:33; Jer 18:11; Jer 23:22 + 11 t.; דרכים 2Kgs 17:13; 2Chr 7:14; Ezek 20:44; Ezek 33:11; Ezek 36:31; Zech 1:4 מעשׂינוּ Ezra 9:13 מעללים Zech 1:4; Neh 9:35 (compare רֹעַ 4); בֶּצַע רע Hab 2:9 מרוצתם Jer 23:10 (ה)תועבות (ה)רעות Ezek 6:11; Ezek 8:9 (strike out Co); כִּי רָעוֺת בִּמְגוּרָם Ps 55:16 for evil deeds are in their dwelling.

BDB8033 H7451

II. רַע₁₂₆ noun masculine^{Job 30:26} evil, distress, misery, injury, calamity; — absolute רַע Num 11:1 +, בְּרָע Exod 5:19 +, רָ֑ע Gen 48:16 +; —

1. evil, distress, adversity: יָרֵא רַע fear evil Ps 23:4; Zeph 3:15 בּוֺרֵא רָ֑ע Isa 45:7 (of God), הביא רע Isa 31:2 מתאננים רַע Num 11:1 (J) murmuring respecting distress (see Di); אם טוב ואם רע Jer 42:6 whether prosperity or adversity; יוֺם רע Amos 6:3 day of calamity; יְמֵי רע Ps 49:6; Ps 94:13 כי טוב קויתי ויבא רע Job 30:26 בְּרָע in adversity Exod 5:19 (E) Ps 10:6 יִפֹּל בְּרָ֑ע Prov 13:17 אֶרְאֶה בָרָ֑ע Gen 44:34 (J); בכלרֿע Prov 5:14, מכל רע Gen 48:16 (E) Ps 121:7 see also Mic 1:12; Ps 140:12; Job 5:19; Job 31:29; Prov 12:21; Prov 19:23.

2. evil, injury, wrong: Hab 2:9; Job 2:10; Prov 21:10 עשׂה רע, + עִם person Gen 31:29 (E); ל person Jer 39:12 as object of חשּׁב Hos 7:15, חרשׁ Prov 6:14; Prov 12:20; Prov 14:22, השׁיב Ps 54:7, גמל Ps 7:5; Prov 31:12, בקּשׁ Prov 17:11, שׁלּם Prov 20:22, אמר Ps 41:6, דבּר Ps 109:20 דבּר בְּרָע Ps 73:8 speak about injury; לֹא יִתְנַבֵּא טוֺב כִּי אִם רָ֑ע 1Kgs 22:8; 1Kgs 22:18 = 2 Chronicles (2Chr 18:7 לְרָעָמ), 2Chr 18:17 לְרָ֑ע; לרע for harm, injury Isa 59:7; Jer 7:6; Jer 25:7; Ps 56:6; Prov 1:16; Prov 21:12; Eccl 8:9 רַע יֵרוֺעַ Prov 11:15 (but read רֹעַ Gr SS, see Toy).

3. ethical evil, Deut 30:15; 2Sam 14:17; Isa 5:20; Amos 5:14; Mic 7:3 + 10 t.; עשׁה רע 2Kgs 21:9; 2Chr 12:14; 2Chr 33:9; Neh 9:28 + 8 t.; פֹּעֲלֵי רע Mic 2:1 אהד רע Mic 3:2 (Qr), Ps 52:5 שׂנא רע Amos 5:15; Ps 97:10; Prov 8:13 מאס רע Ps 36:5 מאס ברע Isa 7:15; Isa 7:16 בִּעֵר הרע מִן consume evil from Deut 13:6 + 8 t. Deuteronomy; לֹא רְגֻרְךָ רָ֑ע Ps 5:5 (adjective = evil man Hup De and others); ירע טוב ורע Gen 2:9; Gen 2:17; Gen 3:5; Gen 3:22 (all J), Deut 1:39 סר מֵרָע Isa 59:15; Ps 34:15; Ps 37:27; Prov 3:7 + 8 t.; כי ברע הוא Exod 32:22 (J) he is set on evil; רע רשׁעים Ps 7:10, רע מעללים 1Sam 25:3, compare Mic 3:4 (see רֹעַ 3); דִּבְרֵי רָע deeds of evil Jer 5:28 תַּהְפֻּכוֺתרָ֑ע Prov 2:14 אֹרַחרע Ps 119:101 עֲצַת רע Exod 11:2 מַחְשְׁבוֺת רע Prov 15:26 אִישׁ רע Prov 29:6 אַנְשֵׁי רע Prov 28:5 אֵשֶׁת רע Prov 6:24 (but read רֵעַ Gr Bi Toy).

BDB8034 H7451

רָעָה₃₁₀ noun feminine evil, misery, distress, injury; — absolute ׳ר Gen 26:29 +; construct רָעַת Gen 6:5 +; suffix רָֽעָתִי Ps 35:4 +; רָעָֽתְךָ 1Kgs 2:44 +; רָֽעָתֵכִי Jer 11:15 (text dubious); רָֽעַתְכֶם 1Sam 12:17, etc.; plural רָעוֺת Deut 31:17 +; רָעֹת Jer 44:9; Exod 23:2 suffix רָעוֺתֵיכֶם 1Sam 10:19 +, etc.; —

1. evil, misery, distress: פַּחַד רָעָה Prov 1:33, באה (ה)רעה Ezek 7:5 (twice in verse); with עַל Isa 47:11 (read באה for בא), Jer 5:12 + 5 t.; with אֶל Jer 2:3; Jer 51:60 הביא רעה Jer 4:6; 1Kgs 21:29 + אֶל 2Sam 17:14 + 8 t. in Kings Jeremiah; + עַל 1Kgs 9:9 = 2Chr 7:22; Jer 19:3 + 6 t. Jeremiah + 8 t.; + אֶל and לְ Jer 19:15; Jer 36:31 יוֺם רעה Jer 17:17; Jer 17:18 + 5 t.; יְמֵי העה Eccl 12:1 (i.e., spring days, fatal to old people, Wetzst in De^{Koh. 447}); רָעוֺת evils Deut 31:17 (twice in verse); Deut 31:21 (JE), Deut 32:23 (poem), Ps 34:20; Ps 40:13; Ps 88:4 עֵת רָעָה Amos 5:13; Jer 2:27; Jer 2:28 + 5 t.; ראה ברעה Num 11:15 (JE) Obad 1:13; Esth 8:6 ראה רעה Jer 44:17; Ps 90:15; Prov 22:3 = Prov 27:12 יפול ברעה Prov 17:20; Prov 28:14 בְּרָעָה Gen 44:29 (J) Prov 14:32; Prov 24:16; Neh 1:3; 1Chr 7:23; Ps 107:26 ברעותיכם Ps 141:5 נִחַם עַל רָעָה Exod 32:12; Exod 32:14 (J) Jer 8:6 + 6 t.; with אֶל 2Sam 24:16; Jer 26:3; Jer 26:13; Jer 26:19; Jer 42:10.

2. evil, injury, wrong: עשׂה רעה 2Sam 12:18; Jer 26:19; Jer 41:11 with עִם Gen 26:29 (J) Judg 15:3; 2Sam 13:16 with את Judg 11:27 with ל 1Sam 6:9; 1Kgs 2:44 + 4 t.; with אֶל Jer 44:7 object of verbs השׁב Gen 50:20 (E) Jer 36:3; Jer 48:2 + 7 t.; חרשׁ 1Sam 23:9; Prov 3:29 הֵשִׁיב Gen 50:15 (E) Judg 9:56; Judg 9:57 + 4 t.; גמל Gen 50:17 (E) 1Sam 24:18 (17) Isa 3:9; Prov 3:30 בקשׁ Num 35:23 (P) 1Sam 24:10 (9) 1Sam 25:26 + 4 t.; שׁלּם Gen 44:4 (J) Jer 18:20; Jer 51:24; Ps 35:12; Ps 38:21 לְרָעָה for harm Gen 31:52; Exod 23:2 (E) Deut 29:20; Judg 2:15; 2Sam 18:32; Jer 21:10 + 8 t. Jeremiah; Amos 9:4; Zech 1:15; Prov 6:18; Eccl 5:12 בְּרָעָתֶ֑ךָ 2Sam 16:8 in thy mischief; בְּרָעָה Exod 32:12 (J) for mischief; רָעָה רַבָּה Eccl 2:21 רָעָה חוֺלָה Eccl 5:12; Eccl 5:15.

3. ethical evil, 1Sam 12:17; 1Sam 12:19; 1Sam 24:12; 1Sam 26:18; + 13 t. Jeremiah, + 18 t., + following: עָשָׂה (הָ)רָעָה Gen 39:9; Deut 31:18 (J) + 5 t. + Jer 18:10 (Kt, but Qr רע); מַעֲשֵׂה רעה Eccl 8:11 אהב רעה Mic 3:2 (Kt); שׁוּב מרעה Jer 18:8; Jer 23:14; Jer 44:5 ׳בִּעֵר רעה מ Judg 20:13 (see II. רַע 3); מִפְּנֵי רָעָה Jer 7:12; Jer 44:3 מפגי רָעַתרעתכם Hos 10:15 ׳בגלל ר Jer 11:17 ׳על כל ר Jer 1:16; Jer 32:32; Jer 33:5 ׳מֵר Ps 107:34; Jer 12:4 אַנְשֵׁי רָעָה Prov 24:1.

evil, wickedness, wicked, hurt, mischief, …

raʿ

bad or (as noun) evil (natural or moral)

(adj) bad, evil

bad, disagreeable, malignant

in general, of persons, of thoughts

evil, distress, adversity

evil, misery, distress

וְ אֵ֖ת

וְ

Prefix — connector and (sometimes: but, so, then)

אֵ֖ת

Particle points to the object of the verb — leave untranslated

Dictionary form: אֵת · ate

Particle — Direct Object Marker

and ×240 of ×109 him ×107 them ×73 with ×72 from ×64 you ×61 me ×54

More options

[direct object marker — untranslated] — Most common use; marks definite direct object, no English equivalent.

with — Use when אֵת expresses accompaniment or association.

from — Use when context implies source or separation.

along with — Emphasizes inclusion or togetherness in a list.

together with — Slightly more formal; stresses joint participation.

among — Use when indicating presence within a group.

BDB853 H853

I. אֵת, with makk. אֶתֿ, with suffix אֹתִי; אֹתְךָ, אֹתְכָה Num 22:33, אֹתָ֑ךְ, אֹתָ֑כָה Exod 29:35, feminine אֹתָךְ; אֹתוֺ etc.; 2 plural אֶתְכֶם, once אוֺתְכֶם Josh 23:15 3 masculine plural regularly אֹתָם, rarely אֶתְהֶם Gen 32:1; Exod 18:20; Num 21:3; Ezek 34:12; 1Chr 6:50, once אוֺתְהֶם Ezek 23:45 3 feminine plural, on the contrary, regularly אֶתְהֶן (13 t.), once אֹתָן Ezek 16:54 (also אוֺתְהֶן Ezek 23:47, אֹתָ֖נָה Exod 35:26, אוֺתָ֖נָה Ezek 34:21); forms with cholem also often written plene: — the mark of the accusative, prefixed as a rule only to nouns that are definite (Moabite id., Phoenician אית i.e. אִיַּת (Schröd^{p. 213 f.}); Aramaic יָת frequently in ᵑ7; Syriac very rare as mark of accusative (for which is preferred), but used often in the sense of substance οὐσία, also in that of self, e.g. per se, reapse, sibi ipsi, PS^{1640 f.}, Samaritan ; Arabic , only used with suffix, when it is desired to emphasize the pronoun, e.g. Qor 1:4 W^{AG i. § 189.} [Ethiopic uses k£y¹ similarly, Di^{§ 150 a}; but it is dubious if this is etymologically akin.] The primitive form will have been 'iwyath, originally a substantive with following genitive, Ol^{p. 432}; whether ultimately a parallel development with אוֺת sign from √ אוה is uncertain: Ol W^{AG i. § 188} Lag^{M i. 226 affirm}, Nö^{ZMG 1886, 738 doubts. In Hebrew the ground-form is} אוֺת; the forms with ¢, e being abbreviated. In post Biblical Hebrew, used in combination with another preposition: thus בְּאוֺתוֺ הַיּוֺם = Bibl. בַּיּוֺם הַהוּא, בְּאוֺתָהּ הַשָּׁעָה; or as a nomin., e.g. אוֺתוֺ הָאִישׁ = Bibl. הָאִישׁ הַהוּא).

1. As mark of the accusative prefixed to substantives defined either by the article (or כֹּל), or by a genitive or pronominal affix, or in virtue of being proper names:
a. with transitive verbs, Gen 1:1; Gen 1:16; Gen 1:29; Gen 1:30; Gen 2:11; Gen 4:1; Gen 4:2; Gen 9:3 (אֶתֿכֹּל׃) etc. Similarly אֶתמִֿי whom (in particular), Josh 24:15; 1Sam 12:3; 1Sam 28:11; Isa 6:8 and elsewhere (but never אֶתמָֿה); also with זֶה Gen 29:33; Gen 44:29; 1Sam 21:16; 1Kgs 22:27 +, זֹאת Gen 29:27; 2Sam 13:27 +, אֵלֶּה Gen 46:18; Lev 11:18; Isa 49:21 +. So pretty uniformly in prose; but in poetry את is commonly dispensed with. By the use of את with the pronominal affix, a pronoun can at once, if required, be placed in a position of emphasis; let the order of words from this point of view be carefully noticed in the following passages: Gen 7:1; Gen 24:14; Gen 37:4; Lev 10:17; Lev 11:33; Num 22:32 thee I had slain, and her I had kept alive, Deut 4:14; Deut 6:13; Deut 6:23; Deut 13:5; Judg 14:3 אוֺתָהּ קַח לִי take for me her, 1Sam 14:35; 1Sam 15:1; 1Sam 18:17; 1Sam 21:10 אִםאֹֿתָהּ תִּקַּחלְֿךָ קָ֔ח if thou wilt take that, take it, 1Kgs 1:35; 1Kgs 14:9; Isa 43:22; Isa 57:11; Jer 9:2. So הַאוֺתִי Jer 5:22; Jer 7:19. It also sometimes enables the reflexive sense to be expressed (elsewhere נַפְשָׁם) Jer 7:19; Ezek 34:2. Rarely with a substantive which is undefined (Ew^{§ 277 d 2} Ges^{«GKC:117»§ 117}, 1, R. 2), as Exod 21:28; Num 21:9; Lev 20:14; 1Sam 24:6 (but see Dr) 2Sam 4:11; 2Sam 18:18; 2Sam 23:21 or which, though definite, is without the article, Gen 21:30; 2Sam 15:16; Lev 26:5; 1Sam 9:3 (so Num 16:15) Isa 33:19; Isa 41:7; Ezek 43:10 (for further examples see Ew 1.c.)
b. with a passive verb (Ges^{«GKC:121»§ 121}. 1 Ew^{§ 295 b}) conceived as expressing neutrally the action in question, and construed accordingly with an accusative of that which is its real object: examples occur with tolerable frequency from Gen 4:18 (J) וַיִּוָּלֵד לַחֲנוֺךְ אֶתעֿירָד, Gen 17:5 (P), לֹא יִקָּרֵא עוֺד אֶתשִֿׁמְךָ אַברָם there shall not be called (=one shall not call) thy name Abram, Gen 21:5 (E), Gen 27:42; 2Sam 21:11; 1Kgs 18:13; Hos 10:6 etc., to Jer 35:18; Jer 38:4; Jer 50:20; Ezek 16:4; Ezek 16:5; Esth 2:13 (compare Dr^{JPh xi. 227 f.}): also with passive verbs of filling (Ew^{§ 281 b}), as Exod 1:7 +.
c. with neuter verbs or expressions, especially such as involve the idea of regarding, or treating, appy. by a construction κατὰ σύνεσιν (rare), Josh 22:17; 2Sam 11:25; Neh 9:32 (compare 1Sam 20:13 Dr). Once after אֵין, Hag 2:17 אֵין אֶתְכֶם אֵלַיָֽ.
d. poet. (si vera lectio), after an abstract noun used with a verbal force, Hab 3:13 (Amos 4:11; Isa 13:19; Jer 50:40 מַהְפֵּכָה exerts a verbal force, like the Arabic nom. verbi [see W^{AG i. § 196, 43}]; and Num 10:2; Ezek 17:9 לְמַסַּע, לְמַשְׂאוֺת are Aramaizing infinitives: compare Ew^{§ 239 a}).

2. את marks an accusative in other relations than that of direct object to a verb:
a. with verbs of motion (very rare) Num 13:17; Deut 1:19; Deut 2:7 (to 'walk the wilderness'); denoting the goal Judg 19:18; Ezek 21:25 (Ew^{§ 281 d, n., 282 a 1}).
b. denoting time (duration), also very rare: Exod 13:7; Lev 25:22; Deut 9:25.
c. expressing the accus. of limitation (rare): Gen 17:11; Gen 17:14; 1Kgs 15:23.

3. Chiefly in an inferior or later style, אֵת (or וְאֵת) is used irregularly, partly (α), as it would seem, to give greater definiteness (so especially וְאֵת) at the mention of a new subject (when it may sometimes be rendered as regards), or through the influence of a neighbouring verb (a construct κατὰ σύνεσιν), or by an anacoluthon, partly (β) as resuming loosely some other preposition Thus (α) Exod 1:14; Num 3:26; Num 3:46; Num 5:10 (with הָיָה: so Ezek 35:10) Num 18:21b Deut 11:2 (anacoluthon), Deut 14:13; Josh 17:11; Judg 20:44; Judg 20:46 (contr. vJudg 20:25 vJudg 20:35) 1Sam 17:34 (see Dr) 1Sam 26:16; 2Sam 21:22; 2Kgs 6:5; Isa 53:8 (probably), Isa 57:12; Jer 23:33 (but read rather with ᵐ5 ᵑ9 אַתֶּם הַמַּשָּׂא) Jer 27:8; Jer 36:22; Jer 38:16 Kt, Jer 45:4 b Ezek 16:22; Ezek 17:21; Ezek 20:16; Ezek 29:4 b Ezek 43:7 (ᵐ5 Co prefix הֲרָאִיתָ) Ezek 44:3; Zech 8:17; Eccl 4:3; Dan 9:13; Neh 9:19; Neh 9:34; 1Chr 2:9; 2Chr 31:17. In 1Sam 30:23; Hag 2:5 probably some such word as remember is to be understood. (β) Jer 38:9; Ezek 14:22 b Ezek 37:19 b Zech 12:10 סָבִיב אֵת 1Kgs 6:5; Ezek 43:17 strangely (in 1 Kings ᵐ5 omits the clause: so Sta^{ZAW 1883, 135}). — In 1Kgs 11:1 וְ is merely and also, and especially (see וְ); v1Kgs 11:25 is corrupt (read with ᵐ5 זֹאת הָרָעָה אֲשֶׁר עָשָׂה הֲדָד); Ezek 47:17; Ezek 47:18; Ezek 47:19 read similarly for ואת, זֹאת: see vEzek 47:20. — For some particulars as to the use of את, see A. M. Wilson^{Hebraica. vi. 139 ff. 212 ff.} (who, however, confuses it sometimes with II. אֵת). For denoting the pronominal object of a verb, את with suffix preponderates relatively much above the verbal affix in P, as compared with J E Deuteronomy Judges Samuel Kings (see Gie^{ZAW 1881, 258 f.}), — partly, probably, on account of the greater distinctness and precision which P loves.

BDB9600 H853 H3487

יָת mark of accusative (= Biblical Hebrew I. אֵת; Palmyrene ית; Zinjirli^{Had. 28} with suffix ותה; Nabataean, Palmyrene with suffix יתה (Lzb²⁶³ Cooke¹⁷⁰; compare RÉS⁴⁶⁸); ᵑ7 Samaritan יָת; Syriac (rare)); — Dan 3:12 דִּי מַנִּיתָ יָָֽתְהוֺן whom thou hast appointed.

with, from, of, and, by, …

ʾēt

properly, self (but generally used to point out more definitely the object of a verb or preposition, even or namely)

sign of the definite direct object, not translated in English but generally preceding and indicating the accusative

רָעֹ֣ת

Root word evil, wickedness, wicked, hurt, mischief, …

Dictionary form: רַע · ra

Noun — Common, feminine plural, construct state plural — usually add "-s"; "___ of …" — bound to the next word

In the KJV here: and the wickedness

evil ×198 the evil ×56 that which was evil ×23 an evil ×14 from evil ×13 of evil ×12 wickedness ×12 and evil ×11

More options

evil — Broadest default; covers moral evil and harm.

wicked — Prefer for persons or actions with moral culpability.

bad — Informal register; good for everyday or narrative contexts.

harm — Emphasizes injury or damage rather than moral character.

trouble — Use when context stresses difficulty or hardship.

calamity — Best for large-scale disaster or divine judgment contexts.

BDB8032 H7451

I. רַע₂₂₆ adjective bad, evil (distinction from noun, and verb Perfect 3 masculine singular, is sometimes not easy, and opinions differ); — masculine singular רַע Gen 6:5 +; רָ֑ע Gen 31:24 +; plural רָעַים Gen 13:13 +; construct רָעֵי Ezek 7:24 (strike out Co); feminine singular רָעָה Gen 37:2 + 37 t. (this form usually noun), plural רָעוֺת Gen 28:8 + 14 t.; רָעֹת Gen 41:27 (18 t. noun); —

1. bad, disagreeable, malignant: of a woman, רָעָה בְּעֵינֵי Exod 21:8 (E; perhaps, with changed accent, verb 3 feminine singular רָ֫עָה) disagreeable, unpleasing in the eyes of, plural Gen 28:8 (P); of poisonous herb 2Kgs 4:41, malignant boils Deut 28:35; Job 2:7, diseases Deut 7:15; Deut 28:59; 2Chr 21:19; Eccl 6:2, deadly sword Ps 144:10, arrows Ezek 5:16, severe judgments Ezek 14:21, wonders Deut 6:22 מַלְאֲכֵי רָעִים Ps 78:49 = fierce messengers (of God; Ew^{§ 287 a} Ges^{«GKC:130e»§ 130e}), wild beasts Gen 37:20; Gen 37:33 (JE) Lev 26:6 (H) Ezek 5:17; Ezek 14:15; Ezek 14:21; Ezek 34:25 unclean thing Deut 23:10.

2. bad, unpleasant, giving pain, unhappiness, misery: ימים רעים evil days (of trial and hardship) Gen 47:9 (P) Prov 15:15 עִנְיָן רע Eccl 1:13; Eccl 5:13 עִנְיַן Eccl 4:8, compare Eccl 2:17; Eccl 9:3 הַמַּעֲשֶׂה הָרָע Eccl 4:3 הדבר הרע evil report Exod 33:4 (J), so דִּבָּה רָעָה Gen 37:2 (JE) Num 14:37 (P), שׁם רע Deut 22:14; Deut 22:19; Neh 6:13, שְׁמוּעָה רָעָה Jer 49:23; Ps 112:7 of things: painful discipline Prov 15:10, evil occurrence 1Kgs 5:18, evil (-bringing) net Eccl 9:12, instruments Isa 32:7: כל הדבר הרע Josh 23:15 (D) all evil (injurious) things; רַע it is bad, harmful Isa 3:11; Jer 2:19 of speech, דבּר, רעאו טוב Gen 24:50 (J) in proverb, speak bad or good = anything at all, מטוב עד רע Gen 31:24; Gen 31:29 (E), לְמֵרָע ועד טוב 2Sam 13:22, of the divine spirit as producing an ecstatic state of frenzy and violence 1Sam 16:14; 1Sam 16:15; 1Sam 16:16; 1Sam 16:23; 1Sam 18:10; 1Sam 19:9 (see רוּח 9).

3. evil, displeasing עָשָׂח רָ֔ע בְּעֵינֵי סַרְנֵי פְלשְׁתִּים 1Sam 29:7.

4. bad of its kind, land Num 13:19 (J), place Num 20:5 (JE), waters 2Kgs 2:19, figs Jer 24:2; Jer 24:3 (twice in verse); Jer 24:8, kine Gen 41:3; Gen 41:4; Gen 41:19; Gen 41:20; Gen 41:21; Gen 41:27 (E), מוּם רע Deut 15:21, compare Deut 17:1.

5. bad, i.e. of low value Lev 27:10 (twice in verse); Lev 27:12; Lev 27:14; Lev 27:33 (H), compare Mal 1:8 (twice in verse); רַע רַע יאֹמַר מַקּוֺנֶה Prov 20:14 (twice in verse).

6. + מִן comparative, worse than, 2Sam 19:8 as superlative, רָעֵי גוֺיִם Ezek 7:24 worst of nations (strike out Co).

7. sad, unhappy: לֶברָֿע֑ sad heart (compare opposed to טוב, יטב) Prov 25:20 of face Gen 40:7 (E) Neh 2:2 רע לְפָנָיו vNeh 2:1.

8. חָשַׁב מַחֲשֶׁבֶת(ה)רָעָה devise evil (hurtful) device Ezek 38:10; Esth 9:25.

9. bad, unkind, vicious in disposition or temper: וְלֵברָֿ֑ע when the mind is vicious, harmful Prov 26:23 רַע עָ֑יִן one evil of eye Prov 23:6; Prov 28:22 רוּחַ רָעָה Judg 9:23 bad temper.

10. ethically bad, evil, wicked:
a. in general, אם טוב ואם רע Eccl 12:14 whether good or bad.
b. of persons, אושׁ רע 1Sam 30:22 אדם רע Ps 140:2 המן הרע הזה Esth 7:6 this wicked Haman, so רָ֑ע = evil man Ps 10:15; Job 21:30; Prov 11:21; Prov 12:13; Prov 24:20, רָעִים = evil men Gen 13:13 (J) Jer 6:29; Jer 15:21; Ezek 30:12; Job 35:12; Prov 4:14; Prov 12:12; Prov 14:19; Prov 15:8 רָעוֺת evil women Jer 2:33 שׁכנים רעים Jer 12:14 evil neighbours; of הַדּוֺר Deut 1:35, הָעָם Jer 13:10 הָעֵדָה Num 14:27; Num 14:35 (P), המשׁפחה Jer 8:3 ׳רַע בְּעֵינֵי י wicked in the eyes of ׳י Gen 38:7 (JE) = 1Chr 2:8 ׳עָשָׂה הָרָע בְּעֵינֵי י Num 32:13 (R) Deut 4:25; Deut 9:18; Deut 17:2; Deut 31:29; Judg 2:11 + 48 t., + (with suffix of God) 2Kgs 21:15; Isa 65:12; Isa 66:4; Jer 7:30; Jer 32:30; Ps 51:6; 2Sam 12:9, probably also Jer 18:10 (read הָרָע for הָרָעָה).
c. of thoughts, יֵצֶר Gen 6:5; Gen 8:21 (J), הַלֵּב הָרָע Jer 3:17; Jer 7:24; Jer 11:8; Jer 16:12; Jer 18:12 words, רעות Prov 15:28.
d. deeds, actions, עשׂה (כ)דבר הרע Deut 13:12; Deut 17:5; Deut 19:20; עשׂה הרעות Jer 3:5 דבר רע Ps 64:6; Ps 141:4; Eccl 8:3; Eccl 8:5 דברים 1Sam 2:23; 2Kgs 17:11 דֶּרֶךְ 1Kgs 13:33; Jer 18:11; Jer 23:22 + 11 t.; דרכים 2Kgs 17:13; 2Chr 7:14; Ezek 20:44; Ezek 33:11; Ezek 36:31; Zech 1:4 מעשׂינוּ Ezra 9:13 מעללים Zech 1:4; Neh 9:35 (compare רֹעַ 4); בֶּצַע רע Hab 2:9 מרוצתם Jer 23:10 (ה)תועבות (ה)רעות Ezek 6:11; Ezek 8:9 (strike out Co); כִּי רָעוֺת בִּמְגוּרָם Ps 55:16 for evil deeds are in their dwelling.

BDB8033 H7451

II. רַע₁₂₆ noun masculine^{Job 30:26} evil, distress, misery, injury, calamity; — absolute רַע Num 11:1 +, בְּרָע Exod 5:19 +, רָ֑ע Gen 48:16 +; —

1. evil, distress, adversity: יָרֵא רַע fear evil Ps 23:4; Zeph 3:15 בּוֺרֵא רָ֑ע Isa 45:7 (of God), הביא רע Isa 31:2 מתאננים רַע Num 11:1 (J) murmuring respecting distress (see Di); אם טוב ואם רע Jer 42:6 whether prosperity or adversity; יוֺם רע Amos 6:3 day of calamity; יְמֵי רע Ps 49:6; Ps 94:13 כי טוב קויתי ויבא רע Job 30:26 בְּרָע in adversity Exod 5:19 (E) Ps 10:6 יִפֹּל בְּרָ֑ע Prov 13:17 אֶרְאֶה בָרָ֑ע Gen 44:34 (J); בכלרֿע Prov 5:14, מכל רע Gen 48:16 (E) Ps 121:7 see also Mic 1:12; Ps 140:12; Job 5:19; Job 31:29; Prov 12:21; Prov 19:23.

2. evil, injury, wrong: Hab 2:9; Job 2:10; Prov 21:10 עשׂה רע, + עִם person Gen 31:29 (E); ל person Jer 39:12 as object of חשּׁב Hos 7:15, חרשׁ Prov 6:14; Prov 12:20; Prov 14:22, השׁיב Ps 54:7, גמל Ps 7:5; Prov 31:12, בקּשׁ Prov 17:11, שׁלּם Prov 20:22, אמר Ps 41:6, דבּר Ps 109:20 דבּר בְּרָע Ps 73:8 speak about injury; לֹא יִתְנַבֵּא טוֺב כִּי אִם רָ֑ע 1Kgs 22:8; 1Kgs 22:18 = 2 Chronicles (2Chr 18:7 לְרָעָמ), 2Chr 18:17 לְרָ֑ע; לרע for harm, injury Isa 59:7; Jer 7:6; Jer 25:7; Ps 56:6; Prov 1:16; Prov 21:12; Eccl 8:9 רַע יֵרוֺעַ Prov 11:15 (but read רֹעַ Gr SS, see Toy).

3. ethical evil, Deut 30:15; 2Sam 14:17; Isa 5:20; Amos 5:14; Mic 7:3 + 10 t.; עשׁה רע 2Kgs 21:9; 2Chr 12:14; 2Chr 33:9; Neh 9:28 + 8 t.; פֹּעֲלֵי רע Mic 2:1 אהד רע Mic 3:2 (Qr), Ps 52:5 שׂנא רע Amos 5:15; Ps 97:10; Prov 8:13 מאס רע Ps 36:5 מאס ברע Isa 7:15; Isa 7:16 בִּעֵר הרע מִן consume evil from Deut 13:6 + 8 t. Deuteronomy; לֹא רְגֻרְךָ רָ֑ע Ps 5:5 (adjective = evil man Hup De and others); ירע טוב ורע Gen 2:9; Gen 2:17; Gen 3:5; Gen 3:22 (all J), Deut 1:39 סר מֵרָע Isa 59:15; Ps 34:15; Ps 37:27; Prov 3:7 + 8 t.; כי ברע הוא Exod 32:22 (J) he is set on evil; רע רשׁעים Ps 7:10, רע מעללים 1Sam 25:3, compare Mic 3:4 (see רֹעַ 3); דִּבְרֵי רָע deeds of evil Jer 5:28 תַּהְפֻּכוֺתרָ֑ע Prov 2:14 אֹרַחרע Ps 119:101 עֲצַת רע Exod 11:2 מַחְשְׁבוֺת רע Prov 15:26 אִישׁ רע Prov 29:6 אַנְשֵׁי רע Prov 28:5 אֵשֶׁת רע Prov 6:24 (but read רֵעַ Gr Bi Toy).

BDB8034 H7451

רָעָה₃₁₀ noun feminine evil, misery, distress, injury; — absolute ׳ר Gen 26:29 +; construct רָעַת Gen 6:5 +; suffix רָֽעָתִי Ps 35:4 +; רָעָֽתְךָ 1Kgs 2:44 +; רָֽעָתֵכִי Jer 11:15 (text dubious); רָֽעַתְכֶם 1Sam 12:17, etc.; plural רָעוֺת Deut 31:17 +; רָעֹת Jer 44:9; Exod 23:2 suffix רָעוֺתֵיכֶם 1Sam 10:19 +, etc.; —

1. evil, misery, distress: פַּחַד רָעָה Prov 1:33, באה (ה)רעה Ezek 7:5 (twice in verse); with עַל Isa 47:11 (read באה for בא), Jer 5:12 + 5 t.; with אֶל Jer 2:3; Jer 51:60 הביא רעה Jer 4:6; 1Kgs 21:29 + אֶל 2Sam 17:14 + 8 t. in Kings Jeremiah; + עַל 1Kgs 9:9 = 2Chr 7:22; Jer 19:3 + 6 t. Jeremiah + 8 t.; + אֶל and לְ Jer 19:15; Jer 36:31 יוֺם רעה Jer 17:17; Jer 17:18 + 5 t.; יְמֵי העה Eccl 12:1 (i.e., spring days, fatal to old people, Wetzst in De^{Koh. 447}); רָעוֺת evils Deut 31:17 (twice in verse); Deut 31:21 (JE), Deut 32:23 (poem), Ps 34:20; Ps 40:13; Ps 88:4 עֵת רָעָה Amos 5:13; Jer 2:27; Jer 2:28 + 5 t.; ראה ברעה Num 11:15 (JE) Obad 1:13; Esth 8:6 ראה רעה Jer 44:17; Ps 90:15; Prov 22:3 = Prov 27:12 יפול ברעה Prov 17:20; Prov 28:14 בְּרָעָה Gen 44:29 (J) Prov 14:32; Prov 24:16; Neh 1:3; 1Chr 7:23; Ps 107:26 ברעותיכם Ps 141:5 נִחַם עַל רָעָה Exod 32:12; Exod 32:14 (J) Jer 8:6 + 6 t.; with אֶל 2Sam 24:16; Jer 26:3; Jer 26:13; Jer 26:19; Jer 42:10.

2. evil, injury, wrong: עשׂה רעה 2Sam 12:18; Jer 26:19; Jer 41:11 with עִם Gen 26:29 (J) Judg 15:3; 2Sam 13:16 with את Judg 11:27 with ל 1Sam 6:9; 1Kgs 2:44 + 4 t.; with אֶל Jer 44:7 object of verbs השׁב Gen 50:20 (E) Jer 36:3; Jer 48:2 + 7 t.; חרשׁ 1Sam 23:9; Prov 3:29 הֵשִׁיב Gen 50:15 (E) Judg 9:56; Judg 9:57 + 4 t.; גמל Gen 50:17 (E) 1Sam 24:18 (17) Isa 3:9; Prov 3:30 בקשׁ Num 35:23 (P) 1Sam 24:10 (9) 1Sam 25:26 + 4 t.; שׁלּם Gen 44:4 (J) Jer 18:20; Jer 51:24; Ps 35:12; Ps 38:21 לְרָעָה for harm Gen 31:52; Exod 23:2 (E) Deut 29:20; Judg 2:15; 2Sam 18:32; Jer 21:10 + 8 t. Jeremiah; Amos 9:4; Zech 1:15; Prov 6:18; Eccl 5:12 בְּרָעָתֶ֑ךָ 2Sam 16:8 in thy mischief; בְּרָעָה Exod 32:12 (J) for mischief; רָעָה רַבָּה Eccl 2:21 רָעָה חוֺלָה Eccl 5:12; Eccl 5:15.

3. ethical evil, 1Sam 12:17; 1Sam 12:19; 1Sam 24:12; 1Sam 26:18; + 13 t. Jeremiah, + 18 t., + following: עָשָׂה (הָ)רָעָה Gen 39:9; Deut 31:18 (J) + 5 t. + Jer 18:10 (Kt, but Qr רע); מַעֲשֵׂה רעה Eccl 8:11 אהב רעה Mic 3:2 (Kt); שׁוּב מרעה Jer 18:8; Jer 23:14; Jer 44:5 ׳בִּעֵר רעה מ Judg 20:13 (see II. רַע 3); מִפְּנֵי רָעָה Jer 7:12; Jer 44:3 מפגי רָעַתרעתכם Hos 10:15 ׳בגלל ר Jer 11:17 ׳על כל ר Jer 1:16; Jer 32:32; Jer 33:5 ׳מֵר Ps 107:34; Jer 12:4 אַנְשֵׁי רָעָה Prov 24:1.

evil, wickedness, wicked, hurt, mischief, …

raʿ

bad or (as noun) evil (natural or moral)

(adj) bad, evil

bad, disagreeable, malignant

in general, of persons, of thoughts

evil, distress, adversity

evil, misery, distress

נְשֵׁי כֶ֑ם

נְשֵׁי

Root word wife, woman, wives, women, one, …

כֶ֑ם

Suffix — pronoun your / you (a group)

Dictionary form: אִשָּׁה · ish-SHAW

Noun — Common, feminine plural, construct state plural — usually add "-s"; "___ of …" — bound to the next word

In the KJV here: of your wives

wife ×73 woman ×55 his wife ×53 the woman ×44 wives ×40 to wife ×35 a woman ×29 the women ×28

More options

woman — Broadest rendering; prefer when no marital relationship implied.

wife — Use when a specific marital bond is in view.

female — Emphasizes sex/gender contrast; good in legal or biological contexts.

women — Plural contexts; collective or group references.

each one — Distributive idiom; use in 'each woman/one' constructions.

bride — Nuanced option for betrothal or covenant-entry passages.

BDB612 H802

אִשָּׁה₇₇₅ noun feminine woman, wife, female (Arabic , Sabean אנתֿת etc. DHM^{ZK 1884, 360}, Aramaic אִתְּתָא, אִנְתְּתָא, אִתָּא, , Palmyrene, Nabataean אנתתא, Ethiopic Phoenician אשת, Assyrian aššatu COT^Gloss) — ׳א absolute Gen 2:33 +; construct אֵשֶׁת Gen 11:29 + (apparently absolute Deut 21:11; 1Sam 28:7; Ps 58:9 but compare Bö^{§ 728} Ges^{«GKC:130»§ 130}. 5); suffix אִשְׁתִּי Gen 20:11 +; אִשְׁתְּךָ Gen 12:18 + (אֶשְׁתְּךָ Ps 128:3), etc.; Plural אִשֹּׁת Ezek 23:44 (Co לעשׂות); נָשִׁים Gen 4:19 +; construct נְשֵׁי Gen 4:23 +; suffix נָשַׁי Gen 30:26; 1Kgs 20:7 נְשֵׁיכֶם Exod 22:23 +, etc.; —

1. woman Gen 3:1; Gen 3:2; Gen 12:11 +; opposed to man Gen 2:22; Gen 2:23; Exod 35:29; Exod 36:6; Deut 7:2; Deut 7:5; Deut 22:22; 1Sam 21:5 +; ׳א emphatic a genuine (or ideal) woman Eccl 7:28 (|| אדם); simile of men as feeble, timid Jer 50:37; Jer 51:30 note especially הַטַּף בַּנָּשִׁים the children among the women, female children Num 31:18 (P); as conceiving Exod 2:2; Lev 12:2; 2Sam 11:5 +; travailing Jer 13:21 bearing children Judg 13:24; 1Kgs 3:18 compare Job 14:1; Job 15:14; Job 25:4 +, etc.; suckling Isa 49:15 אֹרַח כַּנָּשִׁים Gen 18:11 דֶּרֶח נָשִׁים Gen 31:35 with adjective, or app., מֵינֶקֶת׳א nursing woman, nurse Exod 2:7 זוֺנָה ׳א harlot Josh 2:1; Josh 6:22; Judg 11:1; Judg 16:1; 1Kgs 3:16; Prov 6:26; Jer 3:3; Ezek 16:30; Ezek 23:44 so זָרָה ׳א Prov 2:16; Prov 7:5 compare also Ezek 23:44 above; מְנָאָ֑פֶת ׳א adulteress Prov 30:20 (compare אֵשֶׁת אִישׁ Prov 6:26), אֵשֶׁת זְנוּנִים Hos 1:2 נָשִׁים נָכְרִיּוֺת foreign women 1Kgs 11:1; 1Kgs 11:8; Ezra 10:2; Ezra 10:10; Ezra 10:11; Ezra 10:14; Ezra 10:17; Ezra 10:18; Ezra 10:44; Neh 13:26; Neh 13:27 (compare vNeh 13:23); חֲכָמָה ׳א wise woman, one known as clever, shrewd 2Sam 14:2; 2Sam 20:16, etc.; also פִּילֶגֶשׁ ׳א concubine Judg 19:1; Judg 19:27: אַלְמָנָה ׳א widow 2Sam 14:5; 1Kgs 11:26; 1Kgs 17:9; 1Kgs 17:10 נְבִיאָה ׳א prophetess Judg 4:4 also construct before noun of quality אֵשֶׁת רָ֑ע Prov 6:24 בְּסִילוּת ׳א Prov 9:13 חֵן ׳א Prov 11:16 חַיִל ׳א Prov 12:4; Prov 31:10; Ruth 3:11 מִדְיָנִים ׳א Prov 21:9; Prov 25:24; Prov 27:15 וָכָ֑עַס ׳מ ׳א Prov 21:19.

2. Wife (woman belonging to a man, usually construct or suffix) Gen 2:24; Gen 2:25; Gen 3:8; Gen 3:17; Gen 4:1; Gen 4:17 + often; of one betrothed (ארשׂ) Deut 20:7; Deut 28:30 בַּעַל (הָ)אִשָּׁה Exod 21:3; Exod 21:22 אִישׁ הָאִשָּׁה Judg 20:4 לְאִשָּׁה to wife Gen 2:22; Gen 12:19; Gen 16:3; Gen 34:21 + often (after לָקַח, נָתַן husband or father subject); for wife (after הָֽיְתָה, woman subject) Gen 20:12; Num 36:3; Num 36:6 (twice in verse); Num 36:11; Num 36:12; Deut 22:19; Deut 22:29 +; for unfaithful wife compare 1; construct in phrase אֵשֶׁת חֵיקֶ֑ךָ Deut 13:7 compare Deut 28:54 נְעוּרֶיךָ ׳א Prov 5:18; Mal 2:14; Mal 2:15 בְּרִיתֶ֑ךָ ׳א vMal 2:14 אֵשֶׁת אָב = step-mother Lev 18:8; Lev 18:11; Lev 20:11.

3. Female of animals Gen 7:2 (twice in verse); see also below

4.

4. With distributive & reciprocal sense, מֵאֵת ׳א רְעוּתָהּ each woman from her neighbour Exod 11:2 (E); compare Ruth 1:8; Ruth 1:9; Jer 9:19 each one, of birds of prey Isa 34:15 compare vIsa 34:16 (strike out Bi Che); of cows (figurative of heartless women of Israel) Amos 4:3 of sheep (figurative of Israel) Zech 11:9 & of inanimate things (P, & late) אֶל אֲחֹתָהּ ׳א Exod 26:3 (twice in verse); Exod 26:5; Exod 26:6; Exod 26:17 (P) Ezek 1:9 (strike out Co) vEzek 1:23; Ezek 3:13.

BDB9321 H802

II. אנשׁ (√ of following; Biblical Hebrew III. אנשׁ, אִשָּׁח).

wife, woman, wives, women, one, …

ʾiššâ

a woman

woman, wife, female

woman (opposite of man)

אֲשֶׁ֤ר

Particle who, which, that

Dictionary form: אֲשֶׁר · uh-SHER

Particle — Relative

In the KJV here: which

which ×1561 that ×1524 as ×311 whom ×202 who ×88 where ×84 whither ×70 whose ×69

More options

that — Most versatile; works as relative pronoun or conjunction.

which — Prefer for non-personal antecedents and formal register.

who — Use when antecedent is a person or personal being.

where — Use when introducing a place or locative clause.

when — Use when introducing a temporal clause.

because — Use when אֲשֶׁר introduces a causal clause.

BDB3871 H834

כַּאֲשֶׁר conjunction according as, as, when (compare for the combined Aramaic כְּדִי, כַּד) —

1. according to that which, according as, as:
a. Gen 34:12 I will give כאשׁר תאמרו אלי according as ye shall (or may) say unto me, Gen 44:1; Exod 8:23; Num 22:8; 1Sam 2:16; Gen 34:22 if we are circumcised כאשׁר הם נמולים; Gen 41:21 כאשׁר בתחלה as at the beginning, so ׳כ בראשׁונה Josh 8:5; Josh 8:6; 2Sam 7:10; Exod 5:13 ׃כאשׁר בהיות התבן Gen 7:9 they came in two by two כאשׁר צוה אלהִים, as God commanded Noah; so, or similarly, very often, especially in P, vGen 7:16; Gen 8:21; Gen 12:4; Gen 17:23; Gen 21:1 (twice in verse); Exod 16:24; Exod 39:1; Exod 39:5; Exod 39:7; Num 3:16; Num 3:42 etc.; ׳כאשׁר דבר י Deut 1:21; Deut 2:1; Deut 6:3; Deut 6:19 + often Deuteronomy.
b. answered, for increased emphasis, by כֵּן (compare כְּ 2 d), Gen 50:12 ויעשׂו כן כאשׁר צִוָּם, Exod 7:10; Exod 7:20; Gen 18:5 (J) כן חעשׂח כאשׁר דברת, Exod 10:10 (iron.), Amos 5:14 (do.); in opposed to order, Judg 1:7 כאשׁר עשׂיתי, כן שׁלם לי, Exod 7:6 כן עשׂו ׳כאשׁר צוה י, compare Exod 12:28; Exod 12:50; Exod 39:43; Num 5:4; Num 17:26; Num 36:10 (all P); with imperfect (frequently) Num 2:17 (P) כאשׁר יחנו כן יסעו; of degree = the more. . . the more, Exod 1:12 וכאשׁר יענּו אתו כן ירבה וכן יפרץ, compare Exod 17:11 (JE) ׳והיה כאשׁר יריםו֗֗֗גבר ישׁר according as he held up, etc., Israel prevailed; in an oath or solemn promise, Num 14:28 אם לא כאשׁר דברתם כן אעשׂה, Deut 28:63 (Jer 31:28), 1Kgs 1:30; Isa 10:11; Isa 14:24; Isa 52:14f. (see כֵּן 2 b).
c. answered by וַ (Dr^{§ 127} γ) Exod 16:34; Num 1:19.
d. often in similes (followed by imperfect of habit) Exod 33:11 כאשׁר ידבר אישׁ אל רעהו, Num 11:12; Deut 1:44; Isa 9:2; Isa 66:20 +, answered by כֵּן Isa 31:4; Isa 55:10; Isa 66:22; Amos 3:12 +; a second verb is, in such cases, in the perfect with וְ consecutive (Dr^{§ 115}) Deut 22:26; Isa 29:8 כאשׁר יחלםו֗֗֗הקיץ, Isa 65:8; Amos 5:19.
e. הָיָה כַּאֲשֶׁר (compare הָיָה כְּ) to be as if, Job 10:19 כאשׁר לא הייתי אהיה, Zech 10:6 והיו כאשׁר לא זנחתים.

2. with a casual force, in so far as, since (German demgemäss dass), Gen 26:29 if thou doest us no harm כאשׁר לא נגענוך according as, in so far as, we have not touched thee; Num 27:14 כאשׁר מריתם פי inasmuch as ye have defied my mouth, Judg 6:27; 1Sam 28:18 (answered by על כן), 2Kgs 17:26; Mic 3:4.

3. with a temporal force, when, Gen 18:33 and Y. went away כאשׁר כלה when he had finished, etc., Gen 32:3; Gen 32:32; 1Sam 8:6; 2Sam 12:21 +; answered by וַּ (Dr^{§ 127} β), 1Sam 6:6; 1Sam 12:8 ויהי כאשׁר֗֗ and it came to pass, when . . . Gen 12:11; Gen 20:13; Gen 24:22; Gen 24:52; Exod 32:19 + often; Gen 43:14 כאשׁר שׁכלתי שׁכלתי when I am bereaved, I am bereaved ! an expression of resignation, so Esth 4:16 כאשׁר אבדתי אבדתי. Josh 2:7 אחרי כאשׁר is a 'conflate' reading, omit either אחרי or כ. Of future time, Gen 27:40; Gen 40:14 כאשׁר ייטב לך, Hos 7:12; Eccl 4:17; Eccl 5:3, and without a verb Isa 23:5 כאשׁר שׁמע למצרים. — Mic 3:3 כאשׁר is simply as that which, Job 29:25 as one who.

BDB6202 H3282 H834 H3588

יַעַן₉₆ properly substantive, purpose, intention, but always used as preposition or conjunction, on account of, because (for יַעֲנֶה, of the form יִצְהָר etc., Sta^{§ 259} Kö^{ii. 403}; compare mean, intend): —

1. as preposition, rarely with a substantive, Ezek 5:9 יַעַן תּוֺעֲבוֺתֵיכֶם, Hag 1:9 יַעַן מָה, vHag 1:9 יַעַן בֵּיתִי; with a participle Ezek 36:13 יען אמרים because of men saying to you (but read probablyאָמְרָם, Co Toy Berthol); frequently with infinitive with, 1Kgs 21:20 יַעַן הִתְמַכֶּרְךָ on account of thy having sold thyself, Amos 5:11; Isa 30:12; Isa 37:29 (= 2Kgs 19:28) יַעֵן הִתְרַגֶּזְךָ אֵלַי, Jer 5:14; Jer 7:13; Jer 23:38; Jer 48:7, and often. (c. 18 t.) in Ezek., as Jer 5:7 (read יַעַן הַמְרֹתְכֶם), Jer 13:8; Jer 13:22; Jer 25:3; Jer 25:6; Jer 25:8; Jer 25:12.

2. As conjunction:
a. יַעַן אֲשֶׁר (32 t.), usually with perfect, as Gen 22:16 יען אשׁר עשׂית זאת because that thou hast done this, Deut 1:36 (Josh 14:14), Judg 2:20; 1Sam 30:22; 1Kgs 3:11; 1Kgs 8:18; Jer 19:4; Jer 25:8; Jer 29:23 (not Isaiah) +; with imperfect (in frequent. sense) Ezek 44:12.
b. יַען כִּי, Num 11:20 ׳יַעַן כִּי מְאַסְתֶּם אֶתיֿ, 1Kgs 13:21; 1Kgs 21:29; Isa 3:16; Isa 7:5; Isa 8:6; Isa 29:13.
c. יַעַן alone (23 t.), with perfect Num 20:12 יַעַן לֹא הֶאֱמַנְתֶּם בִּי, 1Sam 15:23; 1Kgs 14:13; 1Kgs 20:42; 2Kgs 22:19; Hos 8:1; Isa 61:1; Isa 65:12; Isa 66:4 with imperfect (frequently) Ezek 34:21 of the future Ezek 12:12 because he shall not see, etc., (but ᵐ5 Co Kau Berthol לְמַעַן אשׁר לא יֵרָאֶה לָעַיִן): usually the verb follows immediately, but Ezek. sometimes puts the object first for emphasis, Ezek 5:11 יַעַן אֶתמִֿקְדָּשִׁי טִמֵּאתָ, Ezek 20:16; Ezek 20:24; Ezek 36:6, compare Ezek 34:21.

3. יַעַן וּבְיַעַן, q.d. because and by the cause (that), followed by perhaps, Lev 26:43 (H) יען וביען בְּמִשְׁפָּטַי מָאָ֔סוּ, Ezek 13:10 יַעַן בְּיַעַז followed by infinitive, Ezek 36:3. (In all, reckoning יען (ו)ביען once each, 93 t., of which 20 are in 1-2 Kings, 11 in Jeremiah, 38 in Ezekiel; and only 9 in Genesis—2Samuel.)

BDB6204 H4616 H834 H4617

[מַ֫עַן] substantive purpose, intent, only with לְ, in לְמַ֫עַן₂₇₁ preposition and conjunction for the sake of, on account of, to the intent or in order that (abbreviated from מַעֲנֶה: compare מַ֫עַל; Kö^{ii. 116}); — with suffix לְמַעֲנִי, לְמַעַנְךָ, and לְמַעַנְכֶם; —

1. preposition: —
a. Gen 18:24 wilt thou ... not spare the place למען חמשׁים הציקים for the sake of the 50 righteous? Deut 30:6 חַיֶּיךָ ׳ל for thy life's sake, 1Kgs 8:41 the foreigner who comer from afar שְׁמֶ֑ךָ ׳ל, Isa 43:14 לְמַעַנְכֶם שִׁלַּחְתִּי בָבֶ֫לָה, Isa 45:4; Isa 62:1 ציון ׳ל, Isa 63:17 עבדיך ׳ל, Isa 65:8; Ezek 36:22 (twice in verse); Job 18:4; Ps 122:8; Ps 122:9 (׳עַבְדִּי ד) לְמַעַן דָּוִד, i.e. for the sake of David's memory, and the promises given to him, 1Kgs 11:12; 1Kgs 11:13; 1Kgs 11:32; 1Kgs 11:34; 1Kgs 15:4; 2Kgs 8:19; 2Kgs 19:34 (= Isa 37:35), Isa 20:6 (all D²); לְמַעֲנִי (of ׳י) for my own sake, i.e. to vindicate my name, 2Kgs 19:34 (= Isa 37:35), 2Kgs 20:6; Isa 43:25; Isa 48:11 לְמַעֲנִי לְמַעֲנִי אֶעֲשֶׁה, so לְמַעַנְךָ Dan 9:19, אֲדֹנָי ׳ל vDan 9:17 ׳י is said (or entreated) to act (שִׁמְךָ, שְׁמִי) לְמַעַן שְׁמוֺ i.e. to maintain his reputation, or character, Ps 23:3; Ps 25:11; Ps 31:4; Ps 79:9; Ps 106:8; Ps 143:11; Jer 14:7; Jer 14:21; Ezek 20:9; Ezek 20:14; Ezek 20:22; Ezek 20:44; Isa 48:9 simile חַסְדְּךָ ׳ל (i.e. to maintain it consistently) Ps 6:5; Ps 44:27, טוּבְךָ ׳ל Ps 25:7, צִדְקוֺ ׳ל Isa 42:21.

b. In view of, on account of (but not expressing causation distinctly, like מִן 2 f, or מִפְּנֵי), Deut 3:26 בי לְמַעַנְכֶם ׳ויתעבר י on your account, 1Kgs 11:39 זֹאת ׳ל in view of this, שׁוֺרֲרַי ׳ל on account of my watchful foes, Ps 5:9; Ps 27:11, צורריך ׳ל Ps 8:3, simil. Ps 69:19; Ps 48:12 (Ps 97:8) משׁפטיך ׳ישמח הר ציון ֗֗֗ ל in view of thy judgments.

c. Sq. infinitive Gen 18:19 ׳לְמַעַן הָבִיא י for the purpose of J.'s bringing = to the intent that J. might bring, Gen 37:22 הַצִּיל ׳ל in order to rescue, Gen 50:20; Exod 1:11; Exod 9:16; Exod 10:1, etc., Deut 2:30; Deut 6:28, etc., 2Kgs 10:19; Jer 7:10; Jer 7:18; Jer 11:5; Jer 50:34 (on הִרגיע, see עַד 2 a b), Ezek 14:5; Ezek 21:5; Ezek 22:6 etc., Ezek 36:5, + often (Kö^{iii.595 f.}). Once, pleonastic, לְמַעַן לָמוּג לֵב Ezek 21:20 (compare כַּעֲבוּר לְ 1Chr 19:3 but read probably הִמּוֺג).

2. conjunction (followed by imperfect): —
a. לְמַעַן אֲשֶׁר Gen 18:19 I have known him אשׁר יְצַוֶּה ׳ל to the end that he might command, etc., Deut 27:3; Josh 3:4; 2Sam 13:5; Jer 42:6 more often
b. without אשׁר, as Gen 12:13 לְמַעַן יִיטַב לִי, Gen 27:25; Exod 4:5 יאמינו ׳ל, Exod 8:6; Exod 8:18; Exod 9:29; Exod 10:2; Isa 5:19; Isa 23:16; Ps 9:15; Ps 30:13; Ps 48:14 + often (Kö^iii.571).

c. Sq. לֹא (a) אשׁר לֹא ׳ל Num 17:5; Deut 20:18; Ezek 31:14; Ezek 36:30; Ezek 46:18 (b) לֹא ׳ל Ezek 14:11; Ezek 19:9; Ezek 25:10; Ezek 26:20; Zech 12:7; Ps 119:11; Ps 119:80; Ps 125:3 (Kö^{iii.574. Less common than} לְבִלְתִּי or מִן with infinitive, or פֶּןֿ).

Note

1. — לְמַעַן is always in order that, never merely so that ἐκβατικῶς); but sometimes, in rhetorical passages, the issue of a line of action, though really undesigned, is represented by it ironically as if it were designed: Deut 29:18 (see Dr) ׳סְפוֺת וגו ׳וְהִתְבָּרֵךְ כִּלְבָבוֺ ֗֗֗ ל and he congratulate himself ... in order to sweep away the moistened with the dry (i.e. to destroy all together), Isa 30:1; Isa 44:9 יֵבוֺשׁוּ ׳בל יראו ובל ידעו ל in orer that they may be put to shame, Jer 7:18 הַכְעִיסֵנִי ׳ל, vJer 7:19 בּשֶׁת פְנֵיהֶם ׳ל, Jer 27:10; Jer 27:15; Jer 32:29; Hos 8:4 their silver, etc., they have made into idols יִכָרֵת ׳ל in order that it may be cut off (of course, not the real purpose of the idolatry), Amos 2:7; Mic 6:16: compare Ps 51:6 (see Comn.) in order that thou mightest be just when thou judgest (that is, by manifesting thy justice in judgement on my sin). compare Qor 28:7 (Fl^{Kl. Schr. i. 397 f.}).

Note 2. — In Josh 4:24 for the anomalous יְרָאתֶם ׳ל, read infinitive יִרְאָתָם ׳ל in order that they might fear (Dr^{§ 14 Obs}.): Neh 6:13 לְמַעַן שָׂכוּר הוּא לְמַעַן אִירָא (si vera 1.) the first ׳ל points forwards, to this intent was he hired, to the intent that I should be afraid. — On Prov 16:4, see מַעֵנֶה above

BDB8356 H834 H7945 H4100

שֶׁ, also ( Gen 6:3 [? see 4 a], Judg 5:7 (twice in verse); Song 1:7; Job 19:29 [?]) שַּׁ , שָׁ in שָׁאַתָּה Judg 6:17, and שְׁ in שְׁהוּא Eccl 2:22, שְׁהֵם Eccl 3:18 (elsewhere before guttural שֶׁ, as שֶׁאֲנִי Song 1:6; Eccl 2:18, שֶׁאֵין Ps 146:3, שֶׁהֵם Song 6:5; Lam 4:9, שֶׁעַל Judg 7:12; Judg 8:26, שֶׁרּאֹשִׁי Song 5:2), relative particle who, which, that, etc. (constantly in Late Hebrew; Aramaic of Nerab, Ldzb^{371, 445}; Assyrian sha; Phoenician אש (regularly), also sometimes ש (Ldzb^{227 f.}): according to Ges Ew^{§ 181 b} Ol^{p. 439} Sta^{§ 176 e, abbreviated} from אֲשֶׁר; more probably (Sperling [see אֲשֶׁר], Kö^{ii. 323 f.}) an original demonstrative particle), synonym with אֲשֶׁר, but in usage limited to late Hebrew, and passages with north Palestinian colouring, namely Judg 5:7 (twice in verse) [אֲשֶׁר vJudg 5:27], Judg 6:17; Judg 7:12; Judg 8:26; 2Kgs 6:11 (see 4 c), Jonah 1:7; Jonah 1:12; Jonah 4:10 [אֲשֶׁר 11 t.], Ps 122:3; Ps 122:4; Ps 123:2; Ps 124:1; Ps 124:2; Ps 124:6; Ps 129:6; Ps 129:7; Ps 133:2; Ps 133:3; Ps 135:2; Ps 135:8; Ps 135:10; Ps 136:23; Ps 137:8; Ps 137:9; Ps 144:15; Ps 146:3; Ps 146:5; Lam 2:15; Lam 2:16; Lam 4:9; Lam 5:18; Ezra 8:20; 1Chr 5:20; 1Chr 27:27 Canticles (uniformly, except in title Song 1:1); Ecclesiastes (68 t.; אֲשֶׁא 89 t.); also (dubious) Gen 6:3; Gen 49:10 (שֶׁלֹּה ᵐ5 ᵑ6 ᵑ7), Job 19:29 and in the proper name (q. v.) מִישָׁאֵל and מְתוּשָׁאֵל. — In usage, שֶּׁ is in the main parallel with אֲשֶׁר, namely

1. as pronoun who, which, whom, Judg 7:12 כַּהוֺל שֶׁעַל שְׂפַת הַיָּם (compare חוֺל c), Ps 122:3; Ps 124:6 etc.; him whom, that which, etc., Song 1:7; Song 3:1; 1Chr 27:27; Eccl 1:11; Eccl 6:3 וְרַב שֶׁיִּהְיוּ יְמֵי חַיָּיו and much (verb) is that which his days amount to (Hi De and others), vEccl 6:10 הוּא שֶּׁ that which Eccl 1:9 (twice in verse); in the genitive, אַשְׁרֵי שֶּׁ Ps 137:8; Ps 137:9; Ps 146:5. — On מַהשֶּּֿׁ in Eccl = whatever, what, see מָה 1 e b.

2. as a connecting link; = where (compare אֲשֶׁר p. 81, and 4 b β), מְקוֺם שֶּׁ Eccl 1:7; Eccl 11:3 (compare מְקוֺם אֲשֶׁר Gen 39:20 +: Ges^{«GKC:130c»§ 130c}), whither Ps 122:4 (שֶׁשָּׁם ֗֗֗ ), when Song 8:8; Eccl 12:3 בַּיּוֺם שֶּׁ (compare ib. 4 b a).

3.as a conjunction (compare אֲשֶׁר 8); —
a. that, after רָאָה Eccl 2:13; Eccl 3:18, יָרַע Eccl 1:17; Eccl 2:14; Eccl 9:5; Job 19:19 (?), דִּבֶּר Eccl 2:15, אָמַר Eccl 8:14, עָשָׂה אוֺת Judg 6:17 as subject of sentence, Eccl 3:13; Eccl 5:15 also in the phrases, (a) what is ... that ? Song 5:9 (usually כִּי; see מָךְ 1 d b), מֶה הָיָה שֶּׁ how comes it that ... ? Eccl 7:10
(b) Song 3:4 כִּמְעַט שֶׁעָבַרְתּת מֵהֶם hardly (was it) that (German kaum dass) I had passed, etc., Eccl 7:14 עַל דִּדבְרַת שֶׁלּאֹ יִמְצָא to the intent that ..., Eccl 5:15 כָּלעֻֿמַּת שֶׁבֶּא exactly as ..., Eccl 12:9 תֵר שֶׁ besides that, עַד שֶּׁ (עַד ּ Judg 5:7) until that Ps 123:2; Song 2:7; Song 2:17 + (see III. עַד II 1 a a and b; compare Late Hebrew Yoma Song 5:1), while Song 1:12 (ib. 2 d); עָשָׂהשֶּׁ to make or cause that ..., Eccl 3:14 (compare Ezek 36:27).
b. involving a reason (compare אֲשֶׁר 8 c), because, since, Song 1:6 (twice in verse); Song 5:2; Eccl 2:18 b. Hence שֵׁלָּמָה Song 1:7 since why ? = lest (see מָה 4 d b).

4. compounds:
a. בְּשֶּׁ , i. q. בַּאֲשֶׁר c (p. 84a) in that, seeing that, Eccl 2:16 also (according to ᵑ0 ᵐ5 ᵑ6 Hu De) Gen 6:3 בְּשַׁגַּם הוּא בָשָׂר because that he also is flesh; but see שָׁגַג.
b. כּשֶּׁ , i. q. כַּאֲשֶׁר p. 455: — (a) according as Eccl 5:14; Eccl 12:7 (b) when (so often in Late Hebrew, as Ab Eccl 1:8 (3 t. in verse); Eccl 1:14) Eccl 9:12; Eccl 10:3.
c. מִשֶּּׁ , i. q. מֵאֲשֶׁר a (p. 84:a), 2Kgs 6:12 מִי מִשֶּׁלָּנוּ who of those that are ours ? (but Klo Kmp^Kau Benz מְגַלֵּנוּ who betrays us ? compare ᵐ5); Eccl 5:4 than that (compare מֵאֲשֶׁר Eccl 3:22), + Eccl 2:24 (read מִשֶּׁיּאֹכַל with Ew De, etc.; compare Eccl 3:22).
d. שֶׁל, like אֲשֶׁרלְ (אֲשֶׁר 7 b), a mark of the genitive: thrice, adding slight emphasis to the suffix, Song 1:6 = Song 8:12 כַּרְמִי שֶׁלִּי my vineyard (literally my vineyard, which is mine), Song 3:7 מִטָּתוֺ שֶׁלִּשְׁלֹמֹה (so often in Late Hebrew, but without any special emphasis, as Aboth Song 1:12 הֲוֵי מתלמידיווּ שׁלאֿהרן be of Aaron's disciples, Song 2:1 שְׂכָרָן שֶׁלמִֿצְוֺת, vSong 2:2; Song 3:2 הֲוֵי מתפלל בשׁלומהּ שׁלמֿלכות; compare in Syriac, as Luke 6:42 my words, Nö^{§ 225}). And with בְּ, בְּשֶׁל literally through that which belongs to or concerns, pleonastic for on account of (a late, unidiomatic translation of Aramaic בְּרִיל, from בְּ, דִּי, and לְ, as in Onk Gen 12:13 בדילי on my account, Gen 30:27; Gen 39:5 בְּדִיל יוֺסֵף, בְּדִיל מָא on account of what ? Judg 8:1; 2Sam 9:1; 1Kgs 11:12; 1Kgs 11:39, etc.), Jonah 1:7 בְּשֶׁלְּמִי on account of whom ? (|| vJonah 1:8 בַּאֲשֶׁר לְמִי; probably a gloss), vJonah 1:12 בְּשֶׁלִּי an account of me (ᵑ7 בְּדִיל מַן, בְּדִילִי); Eccl 8:17 בְּשֶׁל אֲשֶׁר יַעֲמֹל הָאָדָם לְבַקֵּשׁ on account of (the fact) that (= seeing that) man labours, etc. (unidiomatic translation of Aramaic בְּדִיל דְּ because that, as Gen 6:3 בְּדִיל דְּאִינוּן בִּסְרָא, Gen 39:9 בְּרִיל דְּאַתְּ אִיתְּתֵיהּ [for Hebrew בַּאֲשֶׁר אַתְּ אִשְׁתּוֺ]; Palmyrene בדיל די Ldzb²³³, — in Tariff Gen 1:4 (Cooke^{N. Semitic Inscr. 320}) = ἐπειδή).

[שֹׁא] see [ שׁוֺא].

BDB844 H834

אֲשֶׁר particle of relation (Moabite id.; origin dubious:

1. according to Tsepreghi^{Diss. Lugd. p. 171} Mühlau^{Bö. Lb. ii. 79 n.} Sta^{Morg. Forsch. 1875, 188; Lb. § 167} Hom^{ZMG 1878, 708 ff.} Müll^{§ 153} Sayce^{Hebraica. ii. 51} Lag^{M. i. 255 &} especially Krae^{Hebraica. vi. 298 ff}, originally a substantive 'place' = footstep, mark, (do.), אֲתַר, place, Assyrian ašru, used (see Kraetz.) both as a substantive 'there, where,' and as a relative of place 'where': in Hebrew this development has advanced further, and it has become a relative sign generally. The chief objection to this explanation is that it would isolate Hebrew from the other Semitic languages, in which pronouns are formed regularly from demonstrative roots (compare also Nö^{ZMG 1886, 738}).

2. according to Phi^{St. C. 73} Sperling^{Nota Rel. im Hebr. 1876, 15-22} for אֲשֶׁל, developed from the relative שׁ (q. v.) by (1) the prefixing of either a merely prosthetic א, or, better, a pronominal א (giving rise to אש, the form of the relative in Phoenician), and (2) the addition of the demonstrative root ל [found also in אֵל, אֵלָּה, הַלָּזֶה (q. v.), he who, who (plural)]: the main objection to this explanation is the change of ל to ר, which is hardly rendered probable by the compare of Syriac by side of ᵑ7 הָלְכָּא. 1 seems preferable, the primitive root having acquired different significations in the different Semitic languages, and having been weakened in Hebrew to a mere particle of relation). A sign of relation, bringing the clause introduced by it into relation with an antecedent clause. As a rule אֲשֶׁר is a mere connecting link, and requires to be supplemented (see the grammars) by a pronominal affix, or other word, such as שָׁם, defining the nature of the relation more precisely: e.g. Gen 1:11 אֲשֶׁר זַרֵעוֺבֿוֺ literally as to which, its seed is in it = in which is its seed, Ps 1:4 like the chaff אֲשֶׁרתִּֿדְּפֶנּוּ רוּחַ as to which, the wind drives it = which the wind drives, etc.; & so אֲשֶׁרשָׁ֗֗֗ם = where, אֲשֶׁרמִ֗֗֗שָּׁם = whence, Gen 2:11; Gen 3:23; Gen 20:13 etc. Sometimes also (see below) the relation expressed by it is specifically temporal, local causal, etc. More particularly

1. it includes its pronominal antecedent, whether in the nominative or oblique cases, as Num 22:6 וַאֲשֶׁר תָּאֹר יוּאָר and he whom thou cursest is cursed, Exod 4:12 and I will teach thee אֲשֶׁר תְּדַבֵּר that which thou shalt say; and with particles or prepositions, as אֵת אֲשֶׁר (according to the context) him who . . ., those who . . ., that which . . .; לַאֲשֶׁר to him who . . . Gen 43:16, to those who . . . Gen 47:24, to that which Gen 27:8 מֵאֲשֶׁר Judg 16:30; 2Sam 18:18 than those whom; Lev 27:24 לַאֲשֶׁר קָנָהוּ מֵאִתּוֺ to him from whom he bought it, Num 5:7; Isa 24:2 כַּאֲשֶׁר נשֶׁא בוֺ like him against whom there is a creditor.

2. instances of אֲשֶׁר followed by a pronominal affix, or by שָׁם, שָֽׁמָּה, מִשָּׁם, are so common that the examples cited above will be sufficient. Very rarely there occurs the anomalous construction עִם אֲשֶׁר Gen 31:32 for אֲשֶׁר עִמּוֺ (see Gen 44:9), בַּאֲשֶׁר Isa 47:12 for אֲשֶׁר בָּהֶם, לַאֲשֶׁר for אֲשֶׁרלָ֗֗֗הֶם Ezek 23:40: Ps 119:49 see under על אשׁר. It is followed by the pronoun in the nominative, in the following cases: —
(a) immediately, mostly before an adjective or participle, Gen 9:3 all moving things אֲשֶׁר הוּאחַֿי which are living, Lev 11:26; Num 9:13; Num 14:8; Num 14:27; Num 35:31; Deut 20:20; 1Sam 10:19 (see Dr) 2Kgs 25:19 (|| Jer 52:25 היה) Jer 27:9; Ezek 43:19; Hag 1:9; Ruth 4:15; Neh 2:18; Eccl 7:26 before a verb 2Kgs 22:13 (omitted 2Chr 34:21).
(b) in a negative sentence, at the end: Gen 7:2; Gen 17:12; Num 17:5; Deut 17:15 אֲשֶׁר לֹא אָחִיךָ הוּא who is not thy brother, Deut 20:15; Judg 19:12; 1Kgs 8:41 || 1Kgs 9:20 ||.

N.B. Ps 16:3 אֲשֶׁר בָּאָרֶץ הֵ֑מָּה is an unparalleled expression for 'who are in the land'; read ׳אֲשֶׁר בָּאָ֑רֶץ הֵמָּה אַדִּירֵי וג 'the saints that are in the land, they (המה) are the nobles, in whom,' etc.

3. sometimes (though rarely) the defining adjunct is a pronoun of 1 or 2 person as well as of 3 person. In such cases it is strictly to be rendered I who . . ., thou who, etc.; Hos 14:4 אֲשֶׁרבְּֿךָ יְרֻחַם יָתוֺם thou by whom the fatherless is compassionated ! Jer 31:32 I, whose covenant they brake, Jer 32:19; Isa 49:23; Job 37:17f. thou whose garments are warm . . ., canst thou ? etc., Ps 71:19; Ps 71:20; Ps 144:12 we whose sons, etc., Ps 139:15 my frame was not hidden from thee, אֲ֯שֶׁרעֻֿשֵּׂיתִי בַסֵּתֶר I who was wrought in secret (= though I was wrought in secret), Exod 14:13 for ye who have seen the Egyptians to-day, — ye shall not see them again for ever! (compare Ps 41:9).

4. the defining pron. adjunct is dispensed with —
a. when אֲשֶׁר represents the simple subject of a sentence, or the direct object of a verb: so constantly, as Gen 2:1 the work אֲשֶׁר עָשָׂה which he made, Gen 3:3 the tree אֲשֶׁר בְּתוֺךְ הַגָּן which is in the midst of the garden, etc.
b. after words denoting time, place, or manner, so that אֲשֶׁר then becomes equivalent to when, where, why:
(a) Gen 6:4 אַחֲרֵי כֵן אֲשֶׁר afterwards, when, etc. (compare 2Chr 35:20) Gen 45:6 there are still 5 years אֲשֶׁר אֵין חָרִישׁ when there shall be no plowing, Josh 14:10; 1Kgs 22:25 after יוֺם or הַיּוֺם Deut 4:10; Judg 4:14; 1Sam 24:5 (see Dr) 2Sam 19:25; Jer 20:14 and elsewhere; similarly Gen 40:13. (β) Gen 35:13 בַּמָּקוֺם אֲשֶׁר דִּבֶּר אִתּוֺ in the place where he spake with him, vGen 35:14; Gen 39:20; Num 13:27; Num 22:26; Deut 1:31 in the desert which thou sawest, where (accents Ke Di), Deut 8:15; 1Kgs 8:9 (unless לוּחוֺת הַבְּרִית has here fallen out: see ᵐ5 & Deut 9:9) Isa 55:11; Isa 64:10; Ps 84:4. So (γ) in אֶל אֲשֶׁר to (the place) which (or whither) Exod 32:34; Ruth 1:16 אֶלכָּֿלאֲֿשֶׁר to every (place) whither Josh 1:16; Prov 17:8 בַּאֲשֶׁר in (the place) where Judg 5:27; Judg 17:8; Judg 17:9; 1Sam 23:13; 2Kgs 8:1; Ruth 1:16; Ruth 1:17; Job 39:30, once only with שָׁם Gen 21:17 בְּכֹל אֲשֶׁר wheresoever Josh 1:7; Josh 1:9; Judg 2:15; 1Sam 14:47; 1Sam 18:5; 2Sam 7:7; 2Kgs 18:7 מֵאֲשֶׁר from (the place) where = whencesoever Exod 5:11; Ruth 2:9 עַלאֲֿשֶׁר to (the place) whither (or which) 2Sam 15:20; 1Kgs 18:12 עַלכָּֿלאֲֿשֶׁר Jer 1:7. (δ) זֶה הַדָּבָר אֲשֶׁר ֗֗֗ this is the reason that or why . . . Josh 5:4; 1Kgs 11:27.
c. more extreme instances Lev 14:22; Lev 14:30; Lev 14:31; Num 6:21; Deut 7:19 (wherewith), Deut 28:20; 1Sam 2:32 (wherein), 1Kgs 2:26; Judg 8:15 (about whom), Isa 8:12 (where יאמר would be followed normally by לוֺ), Isa 31:6 turn ye to (him as to) whom they have deeply rebelled, Isa 47:15; Zeph 3:11; Eccl 3:9; 1Kgs 14:19 (= how).
d. it is dispensed with only in appearance after ׅ׳אֲשֶׁר אָמַר (אָמַרְתִּי וג followed by the words used, its place being really taken by a pronoun in the speech which follows, as Gen 3:17 the tree as to which I commanded thee saying, Thou shalt not eat from it, Exod 22:8; Deut 28:68; Judg 7:4 (זֶה) Judg 8:15 (where the noun repeated takes the place of the pronoun, compare Deut 9:2) 1Sam 9:17 (זֶה):23 +; compare 2Sam 11:16; 2Kgs 17:12; 2Kgs 21:4.

5. אֲשֶׁר sometimes in poetry = one who, a man who (men who), ὅστις, οἵτινες, Ps 24:4; Ps 55:20; Ps 95:4; Ps 95:5; Job 4:19; Job 5:5; Job 9:5 (Hi) Job 15:17.

6. אֲשֶׁר occasionally receives its closer definition by a substantive following it, in other words, its logical antecedent is inserted in the relative clause:
(a) in the phrase peculiar to Jeremiah, ׳אֶל יר ׳אֲשֶׁר הָיָה דְבַר י that which came (of) the word of ׳י to Jeremiah Jer 14:1; Jer 46:1; Jer 47:1; Jer 49:34 (compare Ew^{§ 334});
(b) Exod 25:9; Num 33:4; 1Sam 25:30; 2Kgs 8:12; 2Kgs 12:6 לְכֹל אֲשֶׁריִֿמָּצֵא שָׁם בָּֽדֶק׃ Ezek 12:25 compare the Ethiopic usage Di^{§ 201};
(c) (antecedant repeated) Gen 49:30 = Gen 50:13, 1Sam 25:30 (׳י repeated), Isa 54:9 (probably) as to which I sware that, etc., Amos 5:1 which I take up over you (as) a dirge.

7. ׳אֲשֶׁר ל that (belongs, belong, belonged) to, is used
a. either alone or preceded by כָּלֿ to express (all) that (belongs) to, as Gen 14:23 מִכָּלאֲֿשֶׁרלְֿךָ of all that is thine, Gen 31:1 מֵאֲשֶׁר לְאָבִינוּ of that which was our father's, Gen 32:24 & sent over אֶתאֲֿשֶׁרלֿוֺ that which he had, + often
b. as a circumlocution of the genitive, as Gen 29:9 עִםהַֿצּאֹן אֲשֶׁר לְאָבִיהָ with the sheep that were her father's, Gen 40:5; Gen 47:4; Lev 9:8; Judg 6:11; 1Sam 25:7 הָרֹעִים אֲשֶׁרלְֿךָ, 2Sam 14:31 אֶתהַֿחֶלְקָה אֲשֶׁרלִֿי, 2Sam 23:8; 1Kgs 1:8; 1Kgs 1:33 עַל הַפִּרְדָּה אֲשֶׁרלִֿי upon mine own mule, v1Kgs 1:49; 1Kgs 4:2; 2Kgs 11:10; 2Kgs 16:13; Ruth 2:21 and especially in the case of a compound expression depending on a single genitive, as Gen 23:9; Gen 40:5; Gen 41:43 מִרְכֶּבֶת הַמִּשְׁנֶה אֲשֶׁרלֿוֺ the chariot of the second rank which he had, Exod 38:30; Judg 3:20; Judg 6:25; 1Sam 17:40; 1Sam 21:8 אֲבִיר הָרֹעִים אֲשֶׁר לְשָׁאוּל the mightiest of Saul's herdmen, 1Sam 24:5 אֶתכְּֿנַףהַֿמְּעִיל אֲשֶׁרלְֿשָׁאוּל, 2Sam 2:8 Saul's captain of the host, 1Kgs 10:28; 1Kgs 15:20; 1Kgs 22:31; Jer 52:17; Ruth 4:3.
c. with names of places (especially such as do not readily admit the stative construct) Judg 18:28; Judg 19:14 הַגִּבְעָה אֲשֶׁר לְבִנְיָמִין Gibeah (the hill) of Benjamin, Judg 20:4; 1Sam 17:1; 1Kgs 15:27; 1Kgs 16:15; 1Kgs 17:9; 1Kgs 19:3; 2Kgs 14:11. compare שֶׁל (q. v.) which in Rabb, like the Aramaic -דִּיל, , is in habitual use as a mark of the genitive. — N.B. In Aramaic also דּי, , without ל, expresses the genitive relation, as מִלְּתָא דִימַֿלְכָּא, literally the word, that of the king = the word of the king. The few apparent cases of a similar use of אשׁר are, however, too foreign to the general usage of the language to be regarded otherwise than as due to textual error: 1Sam 13:8 read אֲשֶׁר אָמַר (or שָׂם Exod 19:5) שְׁמוּאֵל (ᵐ5 εἶπε); 1Kgs 11:25 supply עָשָׂה (ᵐ5 ἣν ἐποίησεν); 2Kgs 25:10 supply אֵת with (as || Jer 52:14); 2Chr 34:22 read וַאֲשֶׁר אָמַר הַמֶּלֶךְ (compare ᵐ5) and those whom the king appointed (abbreviated from 2Kgs 22:14); compare Ew^{§ 292 a, b} with note.

8. אֲשֶׁר becomes, like Aramaic דּי, , a conjunction approximating in usage to כִּי: thus
a. = quod, ὅτι, that, subordinating an entire sentence to a verb of knowing, remembering, etc.
(a) with אֵת Deut 9:7 forget not אֵת אֲשֶׁר הִקְצַפְתָּ the fact that (= how) thou provokedst, etc., Deut 29:15; Josh 2:10; 1Sam 24:11; 1Sam 24:19; 2Sam 11:20 know ye not אֵת אֲשֶׁריֹֿרוּ how they shoot from off the wall ? 2Kgs 8:12; Isa 38:3 + often As subject (rare) 1Kgs 14:19; 2Kgs 14:15; 2Kgs 20:20. Of time (peculiarly) 2Sam 14:15 עַתָּה אֲשֶׁר now (is it) that . . . Zech 8:20 (probably) yet (shall it be) that . . . vZech 8:23 compare כִּמְעַט שֶׁ Song 3:4. (β) without אֵת (not very common, כִּי being usually employed): after יָדַע Exod 11:7; Ezek 20:26 (very strange in Ezekiel: see Hi) Job 9:5 (Ew De Di) Eccl 8:12, רָאָה Deut 1:31 (RV) 1Sam 18:15, הִתְוַדָּה to confess Lev 5:5; Lev 26:40 b, הִשְׁבִּיעַ 1Kgs 22:16 (caused to swear that . . .); after a noun Isa 38:7 הָאוֺת אֲשֶׁר the sign that . . . (|| 2Kgs 20:9 כִּי): with growing frequency in late Hebrew, 2Chr 2:7, and especially Nehemiah, Esther: Neh 2:5; Neh 2:10; Neh 7:65 (= Ezra 2:63) Neh 8:14; Neh 8:15; Neh 10:31; Neh 13:1; Neh 13:19; Neh 13:22; Neh 2:10; Neh 3:4; Neh 4:11; Neh 6:2; Neh 8:11; (מֵאֲשֶׁר) Eccl 5:4; Eccl 7:18 (with טוֺב: contrast Ruth 2:22) vRuth 2:22 vRuth 2:29; Ruth 8:12; Ruth 8:14; Ruth 9:1; Dan 1:8 (twice in verse). (γ) prefixed to a direct citation, like כִּי q. v. (= ὅτι recitativum) (rare) 1Sam 15:20; 2Sam 1:4; 2Sam 2:4 (see Dr) Ps 10:6 (probably), Neh 4:6.
b. it is resolvable into so that: Gen 11:7 אֲשֶׁר לֹא יִשְׁמְעוּ so that they understand not, etc., Gen 13:16; Gen 22:14 אֲשֶׁר יֵאָמֵר so that it is said, Exod 20:26; Deut 4:10; Deut 4:40 אֲשֶׁר יִיטַב לְךָ Deut 6:3; Deut 28:27; Deut 28:51; 1Kgs 3:12; 1Kgs 3:13; 2Kgs 9:37; Mal 3:19.
c. it has a causal force, forasmuch as, in that, since: Gen 30:18; Gen 31:49 and Mizpah, אֲשֶׁר אָמַר for that he said, Gen 34:13; Gen 34:27; Gen 42:21 we are guilty, אֲשֶׁר רָאִינוּ we who saw (or, in that we saw), Num 20:13 Meribah, because they strove there, Deut 3:24; Josh 4:7; Josh 4:23; Josh 22:31; Judg 9:17; 1Sam 2:23; 1Sam 15:15; 1Sam 20:42 go in peace, אֲשֶׁר נִשְׁבַּעְנוּ forasmuch as we have sworn, 1Sam 25:26 thou whom (= or, seeing that) ׳י hath withholden, 2Sam 2:5 blessed are ye of ׳י, אֲשֶׁר עֲשִׂיתֶם, who (οἵτινες) have done (or in that ye have done), 1Kgs 3:19; 1Kgs 15:5; 2Kgs 12:3; 2Kgs 17:4; 2Kgs 23:26; (Hi De Now). Here also belongs its use in אֲשֶׁר לָמָּה since why . . . ? (= lest) Dan 1:10: see below לָמָּה. On אֲשֶׁר עַל כֵּן forasmuch as Job 34:27 see below כִּי עַל כֵּן.
d. it expresses a condition (rare & peculiar): Lev 4:22 אֲשֶׁר נָשִׂיא יֶחֱטָא in (case) that = when (or if) a ruler sinneth (Lev 4:3 vLev 4:13 vLev 4:37 אִם), Num 5:29 (explained differently by Ew^{§ 334 a}), Deut 11:27 and the blessing אֲשֶׁר תִּשְׁמְעוּ if ye hearken (Deut 11:28 אִם), Deut 18:22 Ges, Josh 4:21 אֲשֶׁר יִשְׁאָלוּן ֗֗֗ when they ask . . ., then . . . (Josh 4:6 כִּי), Isa 31:4. In 1Kgs 8:33 (|| 2Chr 6:24 כִּי, compare Kings v2Chr 6:35 v2Chr 6:37) אֲשֶׁר may be rendered indifferently because or when. Once, similarly, אֵת אֲשֶׁר 1Kgs 8:31 (|| אִם).
e. perhaps (exceptionally) = כַּאֲשֶׁר, as, Jer 33:22; Isa 54:9 (followed by כֵּן; but כֵּן q. v. sometimes stands without כאשׁר, & אשׁר may in these passages connect with what precedes); according to some also Jer 48:8; Ps 106:34 (in a connection where כַּאֲשֶׁר would be more usual: אֲשֶׁר may however be the object of אָמַר). In 1Sam 16:7 אֲשֶׁר יִרְאֶה הָאָדָם read כַּאֲשֶׁר, see Dr. feminine combined with prepositions, אֲשֶׁר converts them into conjunctions: see below, בַּאֲשֶׁר, כַּאֲשֶׁר, מֵאֲשֶׁר. On its use similarly with (אַחֲרֵי) אַחַר, מִבְּלִי, בַּעֲבוּר, עַל דְּבַר, יַעַן, לְמַעַן, כְּפִי, עַד, עַל, עֵקֶב, מִפְּנֵי, תַּחַת, see these words. — הַאֲשֶׁר, with ה interrogative, occurs once, 2Kgs 6:22. In Deut 15:14 also read כַּאֲשֶׁר: note ברכך before.

Note 1. אֲשֶׁר being a connecting link, without any perfectly corresponding equivalent in English, its force is not unfrequently capable of being represented in more than one way. See e.g. 2Sam 2:5 (above 8 c), Isa 28:12 unto whom he said, or for that he said to them.

Note 2. The opinion that אֲשֶׁר has an asseverative force (like כִּי, q. v.), or introduces the apodosis, is not probably, being both alien to its general usage & not required by the passages alleged. Render Isa 8:20 either 'Surely according to this word will those speak who have no dawn,' or '. . . will they speak when (compare above 8 d Deut 11:27; Josh 4:21) they have no dawn.'

BDB845 H834

בַּאֲשֶׁר ₁₉
a. in (that) which . . . Isa 56:4; Isa 65:12; Isa 66:4 (above 1); Eccl 3:9 in (that, in) which (4 c); Isa 47:12 (see 2). b. adverb in (the place) where: above 4 b (γ). c. conjunction in that, inasmuch as, Gen 39:9; Gen 39:23; Eccl 7:2; Eccl 8:4 compare .
d. Jonah 1:8 בַּאֲשֶׁר לְמִי on account of whom ? (בַּאֲשֶׁר לְ on account of, framed on model of Aramaic בְּדִיל: see below שֶׁל).

כַּאֲשֶׁר see below כְּ.

BDB846 H834

מֵאֲשֶׁר₁₇
a. from (or than) that which (him, them, etc., that . . .) Gen 3:11; Exod 29:27 (twice in verse); Num 6:11 (see Lev 4:26; Josh 10:11; Judg 16:30; Isa 47:13 +; than that . . . Eccl 3:22 לְבַד מֵאֲשֶׁר Esth 4:11. b. adverb from (the place) where: above 4 a (β). c. conjunction from (the fact) that . . ., since Isa 43:4.

BDB9440 H1768 H2088 H834

דִּי particle of relation, who, which, that, used also as mark of genitive and conjunction that, because (Aramaic of Nineveh, Babylonian, Zinjirli, Nerab, Cilicia, Têma, Egypt, ןי (Lzb^{267. 446} RES³⁶¹ S-C^{Pap. A 2} +); Nabataean, Palmyrene די; ᵑ7 דְּ (except in compounds, as דִּילִי mine, דִּילֵיהּ his); Samaritan ; Syriac ; Ethiopic za: of same origin as Arabic possessor of [compare below Biblical Hebrew זֶה]. Properly a demonstrative that [compare זֶה; in Ethiopic ze is 'this', za 'which']; but this being referred by usage to something preceding becomes equivalent to the relative who, which, used, however, more widely than Hebrew אֲשֶׁר); —

1. as rel. who, which (construed like אֲשֶׁר): a. Jer 10:11; Dan 2:11 דִּי מְדָֽרְהוֺן whose dwelling, vDan 2:24 דִּי מַנִּי מַלְבָּא whom the king had appointed, vDan 2:26 ׳דִּי שְׁמֵהּ בּ whose name was B., Dan 4:5; Dan 5:12; Dan 5:23, etc.; = that which Dan 2:23 = him that Ezra 7:25; Ezra 6:15; Dan 7:17 דִּת אִנוּן אַרְבַּע which are four (see אִנּוּן). Following pronoun of 2 person (compare אֲשֶׁר 3), Dan 2:37 thou, O king ..., דִּי ֗֗֗ יְהַב לָח to whom... hath given, Dan 4:19; Dan 4:6 as to whom I know, etc. (compare אֲשֶׁר 4 d end). Sq. תַּמָּה = where Ezra 6:1, so דִּי alone Ezra 6:3; Dan 2:38 of time, בְּעִדָּנָא דִּי at the time when, etc., Dan 3:5; Dan 3:15. With the predicate an infinitive with לְ, Dan 6:9 כְּתָבָא דִּי לָא לְהַשְׁנָיָה which is not to be changed, Ezra 6:8 a place- or other determination, Dan 3:20 valiant men בְחֵילֵהּ that were in his army, Dan 5:2 הֵיכְלָא דִּי בִירוּשְׁלֵב, Dan 7:20; Ezra 4:24; Ezra 5:6; Ezra 6:2; Ezra 6:6 compare Dan 2:25; Dan 5:13; Dan 7:7; Ezra 7:23. דִּי לָא = without, Ezra 6:9; Ezra 7:22 (so דְּלָא ᵑ7 Gen 15:2; Exod 21:11); compare Dan 2:34; Dan 2:45.
b. מָן דִּי, מָה דִּי (compare in late Hebrew ׳מַהשֶּֿׁ, מַה 1 e b) whoever, whatever, so Dan 3:6; Dan 3:11 יִפֵּל ָ(מןדִּֿילָֿא whoever does not fall down, Dan 4:14 לְמָן דִּי יִצְבֵּא to whomsoever he willeth, v.Dan 4:22 v.Dan 4:29; Dan 5:21 מָה דִי whatever (or simply what), Dan 2:28 מָה דִּי לֶהֱוֵא what will be, vDan 2:29 vDan 2:29 vDan 2:45; Ezra 6:8; Ezra 7:18. — compare K^{§ 103.}

2. as mark of the genitive, Dan 2:15 שׁליטא די מלכא properly the captain, that of the king = the king's captain (a genuine Aramaic idiom: so ᵑ7 דְּ, Syriac constantly), vDan 2:19 vDan 2:25 vDan 2:49 + often: the substantive in such cases may be either in the emphatic state (determined), as ll. cc. Ezra 4:15; Ezra 5:2, etc., or in the absolute state (undetermined), Dan 5:5; Dan 7:4; Dan 7:9; Dan 7:10 נְהַר דִּי נוּר; or it may have a pleonastic suffix, Dan 2:20 שְׁמֵהּ דִּי אֱלָהָא literally his name, that of God = God's name, vDan 2:44; Dan 3:8; Dan 3:25; Dan 3:26; Dan 4:23, etc. (so also ᵑ7 Syriac). To circumscribe an adjective, especially in specification of the material: Dan 2:38 thou art רֵאשָׁה דִּי דַהֲבָא the head of gold, vDan 2:39; Dan 3:1; Dan 5:7; Dan 5:16; Ezra 5:14; Ezra 6:4 +; as predicate Dan 2:32 רֵאשֵׁהּ דִּידְֿהַב טָב his head (was) of fine gold, vDan 2:33; Dan 7:19 with a pronoun Dan 2:20 wisdom and might דִּילֵֿהּ הִיא are his; compare Dan 6:27 וּמַלְכוּתֵהּ דִּילָֿא תִתְחַבַּל his kingdom (is one) which shall not be destroyed, Dan 7:14. — See further K^{§ 81.}

3. as conjunction (compare אֲשֶׁר 8):
a. that (quod), after verbs of knowing, Dan 2:8; Dan 2:9, seeing Dan 2:45; Dan 3:27, hearing Dan 5:14, etc.; introducing the subject of a sentence, יְדִיעַ ֗֗֗ דִּי ֗֗֗ Dan 3:18; Ezra 4:13; Dan 2:47 מִןקְֿשֹׁט דִּי ֗֗֗ True is it that . . . (compare אָמְנָם כִּי Job 12:2).
b. = in that, inasmuch as, whereas: Dan 2:41 and whereas (דִּי) thou sawest, etc. . . . it shall be adivided kingdom, vDan 2:43; Dan 4:20; Dan 4:23 as a connecting link$ = seeing that, because, for (compare אֲשֶׁר 8 c) Dan 2:9; Dan 2:20b; Dan 2:23b; Dan 2:47b; Dan 4:15; Dan 6:24b.
c. that (ut), after verbs of asking Dan 2:16, commanding Dan 3:10; Dan 3:29, expressing a purpose Dan 4:3; Dan 5:15; Ezra 4:15; Ezra 6:10 +; דִּי לָא that not (ne) Dan 2:18; Dan 3:28; Dan 6:18 (on דִּי לְמָה lest Ezra 7:23, see מה).
d. prefixed to direct narr. (like כִּי 1 b, and sometimes אֲשֶׁר 8 a γ, and ὅτι recitativum), Dan 2:25 and said thus unto him דִּיהַֿשְׁכַּחַת (that) I have found, etc., Dan 5:7; Dan 6:6; Dan 6:14.

4. with prepositions and other prefixes:
a. כְּ דִי (like Hebrew כַּאֲשֶׁר; so Egyptian Aramaic כזי, Palmyrene, Nabataean כדי, Lzb²⁹³ SAC^{G1 62, 63} Cooke^{369 b RES:361}; ᵑ7 כַּד, Syriac ); a according as, Dan 2:43 b. so soon as, when, Dan 3:7; Dan 5:20; Dan 6:11; Dan 6:15.
b. מִןדִּֿי: a. because that, Dan 3:22; Ezra 5:12 (compare מֵאֲשֶׁר Isa 43:4); b. from (the time) that, after (ex quo), Dan 4:23; Ezra 4:23.
c. עַד דִּי until, Dan 2:9; Dan 2:34; Dan 4:30; Dan 7:22 = ere that Dan 6:25.
d. עַל דִּי Dan 3:19 is not a conjunction, but means above that which ...
e. for עַל דִּבְרַת דִּי and כָּלקֳֿבֵל דִּי see [ דִּבְרָה] and קֳבֵל.

which, that, as, whom, who, …

ʾăšer

who, which, what, that; also (as an adverb and a conjunction) when, where, how, because, in order that, etc

(relative part.)

which, who

that (in obj clause)

עָשׂוּ֙

Root word do, made, done, did, make, …

Dictionary form: עָשָׂה · aw-SAW

Verb — Qal, Perfect (Qatal), third person plural simple action — "he did" completed action — try "he ___ed" or "he has ___ed" the built-in subject is "they"

In the KJV here: they have committed

did ×123 do ×108 made ×86 to do ×85 and do ×61 he did ×59 and he made ×54 and thou shalt make ×45

More options

do — Broadest default; fits commands, descriptions, and narrative.

make — Prefer when the result is a crafted or constructed object.

perform — Good for rituals, duties, vows, or formal acts.

carry out — Emphasizes completing a directive or plan.

execute — Suits legal, judicial, or administrative actions.

accomplish — Highlights successful completion of a goal.

BDB6428 H6213

I. עָשָׂה₂₆₂₂ verb do, make (Late Hebrew = Biblical Hebrew; MI^{23, 26} עשתי, l.³; l.⁹ ואעש, l.²⁴ Imperative עשו; Old Hebrew proper name עשיו, אלעשה, מעשיהו; not Aramaic, and not certainly found in South Semitic languages; on Sabean see especially DHM^{SB Berl. Akkadian 1886, 849}); —

Qal₂₅₂₄ Perfect 3 masculine singular Gen 3:1 +, suffix עָשָׂהוּ Hos 8:6 +; 3 feminine singular עָֽשְׂתָה Deut 22:21 +, וְעָשָׂת consecutive Lev 25:21 2 masculine singular עָשִׂיתָ Gen 3:14 +, etc.; Imperfect 3 masculine singular יַעֲשֶׂה Gen 18:25 +, וַיַּעֲשֶׂה 1Kgs 16:25 + 3 t., וַיַּעַשׂ Isa 5:2 +; יַעֲשֵׂה Isa 64:3, 2 masculine singular תַּעֲשֶׂה 1Sam 10:8, תַּעֲשֵׂה Gen 26:29; Josh 7:9, jussive (with אַל) תַּעַשׂ Gen 22:12 +, תַּעֲשֵׂה 2Sam 13:12; Jer 40:16 Qr (Kt תַּעַשׂ); 1 singular אֶעֱשֶׂה Gen 2:18 +, וָאֶעֱשֶׂה Ezek 20:14; Dan 8:27, וָאַעַשׂ Deut 10:3 + 4 t. Ezekiel; etc.; Imperative masculine singular עֲשֵׂה Judg 10:15 +; feminine singular עֲשִׂי Jer 6:26 +, etc.; Infinitive absolute עָשׂה Jer 44:17 +; עָשׂוֺ Jer 7:5 + 2 t. (Jer 4:18 van d. H. עָשׂוּ); construct עֲשׂוֺת Gen 2:4 +, עֲשׂה Gen 50:20 + 2 t., עֲשׂוֺ Gen 31:28, suffix עֲשׂתוֺ Gen 41:32 +, עֲשׂהוּ Exod 18:18, etc.; Participle active עשֶֹׁה Isa 5:5 +, suffix הָעשֹׁוֺ Job 40:19 (but see below); plural עשִֹׁים Gen 24:49 +; suffix עשָֹׁ֑י Job 35:10 (yet see Ges^{«GKC:124k»§ 124k}), etc.; passive עָשׂוּי Exod 3:16 +, הֶעָשׂוּ Job 41:25 (Ges^{«GKC:75k»§ 75k}); feminine עֲשׂוּיָה Ezek 21:20 +, etc.; —

I. 1. do (1560 + t.):
a. (1) with accusative active Gen 3:14 (J) Gen 20:10 (E) + often; do right in eyes of ׳י 2Kgs 12:3; 2Kgs 14:13 +, evil 2Kgs 8:18; 2Kgs 8:27 + (compare I. עַיִן 3 c); do God's commands, statutes, etc., Deut 16:12; Deut 30:8; Num 15:39 (P); חַיִל ׳ע 1Sam 14:48 + do might, i.e. mightily, valiantly; Prov 31:39 do efficiency, i.e. efficiently; = commit (offence) Lev 20:13 (H), Deut 20:18 followed by מִן particle, וְעָשָׂה מֵאַחַת מֵהֵנָּה Lev 4:2 and shall do a single one of them (things prohibited; see מִן 3 b
(d)), compare ׳וְעָשׂוּ אַחַת מִכָּלמִֿצְוֺת י vLev 4:13 vLev 4:22; Lev 5:17 (all P); do = perform a work, with accusative of congnate meaning with verb מַעֲשֶׂה Exod 18:20; Exod 23:12 (E), also (׳י subject) Deut 11:7; Dan 9:14; Eccl 3:11 with accusative מְלָאכָה Gen 2:2 (twice in verse) (J), Exod 20:9; Exod 20:10 = Deut 9:13 (10 Words); with accusative דְּרָכֶיךָ Isa 58:13 מְלוּכָה עַל ׳ע 1Kgs 21:7 = exercise sovereignty over; of ׳י performing signs (אֹתֹת) Josh 24:17 (E), Num 14:11; Num 14:22 (JE), Deut 11:3, so Moses Exod 4:17 and (מֹפְתִים) vExod 4:21. (2) do something to one (ל person) Gen 20:9 (E), Judg 9:56 +; with עַל reflexive Jer 26:19 do evil against ourselves; especially ׳י subject, with לְ, do good to Exod 18:9 (E), 2Kgs 8:66, or evil Gen 42:28 (E); in phrase so may God do to me, etc. 1Sam 3:17; 2Kgs 6:31 + (see יסף

Hiph`il 1.). (3) do something for one (ל person) Gen 30:31; 1Kgs 11:8 +, direct object omitted 1Sam 20:4 + ל of thing Judg 21:7; Judg 21:16 what shall we do for them, for wives ? with עַל person Neh 5:19 with dativus ethicus [dative of interest] (ל) 1Sam 10:7 with לְ, of ׳י doing kindness for 1Sam 22:3 executing vengeance for Judg 11:36 (+ מִן of enemy); ׳י doing a sign (אוֺת) for Judg 6:17 (elsewhere נָתַן אוֺת לְ), compare עֲשֵׂהעִֿמִּי אוֺת לְטוֺבָה Ps 86:17. (4) do something (in relation or intercourse) wilth (אֵת person), ׳י subject Deut 1:30 all that he did with you, Deut 10:21 (compare Ps 86:17 above), human subject 2Chr 24:24 (object שְׁפָטִים), Ruth 2:11. (5) seldom with ב, usually of executing judgment upon 1Sam 28:18; Isa 48:14, more generally Esth 1:15 what shall we do with the queen ? also, subject ׳י, Ezek 25:11; Ezek 28:26; Ps 149:7; Ps 149:9; Num 33:4 (on false gods); in good sense, ׳חֲסָדִים בּ ׳ע Neh 13:14. (6) of ׳י doing the justice (מִשְׁפַּט) of any one, i.e. maintaining his cause 1Kgs 8:45; 1Kgs 8:49; Ps 9:5. (7) with adverb do thus, כֹּה, Josh 6:14 (JE), according to, כְּ Gen 6:22 (P), Gen 18:21 (J), 1Kgs 2:6 accusative as, כַּאֲשֶׁר Gen 27:19 (J); Exod 1:17 (E) +; with בְּ of manner, Judg 9:16a, Ezek 8:18; Ezek 25:15.
b. work for (ל of thing) Gen 30:30 (J); with ל person 1Sam 14:6; Ezek 29:20 (for ׳י); work in (ב) gold or other material 1Kgs 7:14; 2Chr 2:6; 2Chr 2:13; Exod 31:4; Exod 31:5; Exod 35:32 (all P); with בָּהּ (i.e. בָּעֲבֹדָה) Exod 5:9 (J) in toil; work with (עִם) God 1Sam 14:45, so probably of God's working with (אֵת) Moses and Aaron 1Sam 12:6 (usually appoint); with אֵת with (of person in whose company, in whose field Ruth 2:19 (twice in verse) (gleaning); work בְּחֵפֶץ כַּפֶּיהָ Prov 31:13 without preposition Exod 36:1; Neh 3:28.

2. deal with, with עִם, 2Chr 2:2; Dan 1:13 (כַּאֲשֶׁר accusative as); with אֵת, Ezek 20:44; Ps 109:21; Ezek 22:14; Zeph 3:19 (perhaps; Gr Now insert כָּלָה, see II 1 g), + כְּ Jer 21:2, + בְּ of manner Ezek 23:25; Ezek 23:29 with לְ person + בְּ Ezek 25:12 with בְּ person, Jer 18:23; Dan 11:7, + כְּ according to Neh 9:24; Esth 3:11.

3. often in phrase, do kindness (חֶסֶד) with: with (עִמָּדִ) עִם Gen 19:19; Gen 24:12; Gen 12:14 (J), Judg 1:24; Judg 8:35; 1Sam 15:6; 2Sam 2:5; 2Sam 10:2 = 1Chr 19:2 +; with עַל, 1Sam 20:8 (but read עִם Vrss We Dr and others); absolute, Ps 109:16 object חֶסֶד + אֱמֶת, with עִם, Josh 2:14 (JE) Judg 9:19; 2Sam 2:6 with אֵת with, Gen 24:49; Gen 32:11; Gen 47:29 (all J); with לְ, Exod 20:6 = Deut 5:10; 2Sam 22:51 = Ps 18:51 so טוֺב ׳ע, with עִם, Gen 26:29 (J), compare Judg 8:35; Judg 9:16 with אֵת with, 1Sam 24:19; 2Sam 2:6.

4. absolute act, act with effect, especially of ׳י, 1Kgs 8:32; 1Kgs 8:39; Jer 14:7; Ezek 20:9; Ezek 20:14; Ezek 20:22; Ps 22:32; Ps 37:5; Ps 52:11; Dan 9:19 of men 2Chr 31:21; Dan 8:12; Dan 8:24; Dan 11:28; Dan 11:30; Dan 11:32 with ל of person Ezek 31:11.

II. 1. make (670 + t.):
a. with object concrete, ark Gen 8:6, altar Gen 13:4, idols Judg 18:24; Judg 18:31 +, etc.
b. often of God's making (creating) Gen 3:1 (J), Gen 1:7; Gen 1:16; Gen 1:25 (P), Neh 9:6; Job 9:9; Prov 8:26; 2Chr 2:11; Ps 95:5 +; making man Ps 100:3; Ps 119:73 (made by God's hands), in the womb Job 31:15 (twice in verse); making, constituting, nation Deut 26:19; Deut 32:6; Deut 32:15 participle suffix עשֵֹׁהוּ his Maker Isa 17:7; Prov 14:31; Prov 17:5 (הָעשֹׁוֺ Job 40:19 is improbable, most read הֶעָשָׂוּי, with various interpretation of following words); עשֶֹׁךָ Isa 51:13, עשֵֹׁנִי Job 32:23 (Ginsb; vJob 32:22 van d. H. Baer), עשֵֹׁנוּ Ps 95:6 so apparently plural participle עשָֹׁ֑י Job 35:10, עשַֹׁיִךְ Isa 54:5 (Ges^{«GKC:124k»§ 124k} explanation as sg.).
c. make something, with לְ reflexive, make for thee Exod 20:4; Deut 9:12; Deut 10:1 +, for (ל) another 1Sam 2:19; 2Sam 7:11; 1Kgs 2:24 +; object מִשְׁתֶּה banquet Gen 40:20; Esth 5:4, also (no ל) Gen 29:22 (E) Judg 14:10; Esth 5:5; Esth 5:12 and (figurative, ׳י subject) Isa 25:6 with ל of thing, Deut 22:8 with ל of animal Gen 33:17 (J).
d. make a name (שֵׁם) for oneself (ל) 2Sam 7:9; 1Chr 17:8, also (no ל) 2Sam 8:13 a new heart for oneself (ל) Ezek 18:31.
e. make war with (אֶת) Gen 14:2; Josh 11:18 (D); with עִם, Deut 20:12; Deut 20:20; 1Chr 5:10; 1Chr 5:19 absolute 1Chr 22:8 with ל reflexive Prov 24:6 participle עשֵֹׁה מִלְחָמָה 2Chr 11:1; 2Chr 26:11; 2Chr 26:13 make peace, with ל person Josh 9:15 (J); אִתִּי בְרָכָה ׳ע 2Kgs 18:31 make an agreement with me. feminine with ב, ׳פֶּרֶץ בּ ׳ע Judg 21:15 ׳י brought a catastrophe upon (compare פרץ).
g. with 2 accusative, make something out of (accusative mater.) Exod 25:18; Exod 28:13; Exod 37:17; Exod 37:24; Song 3:10; Deut 10:3 +; make something into something (Ges^{«GKC:117ii»§ 117ii}) Hos 8:4; Gen 27:9; Judg 17:4; Num 11:8; Num 17:3; Ps 104:4 make something כָּלָה, i. e. utterly destroy it Nah 1:8; Zeph 1:18; Ezek 20:17; Neh 9:31 c. passive participle as 2nd accusative Exod 38:7 they made it נְבוּב לֻחֹת hollow with boards, Exod 39:9 but also with accusative + לְ, Hos 2:10 gold they made into (ל) the Baal, Judg 8:27; Exod 27:3 (P), Deut 9:14; Jer 37:15; Ezek 4:9; Isa 44:17; Isa 44:19 make something for (ל person), + מִן of material Song 3:9.

2. produce, yield: of grain, yielding meal Hos 8:7 (twice in verse), vineyard, grapes Isa 5:2 (twice in verse); Isa 5:4 (twice in verse); Isa 5:10, tree, fruit 2Kgs 19:30 = Isa 37:31; Hos 9:16; Jer 12:2; Jer 17:8; Ezek 17:23 (all figurative), Gen 1:11; Gen 1:12 (P); branches Job 14:9 and (figurative) Ezek 17:8 land, fruit Lev 25:21 compare Hab 3:17, absolute Gen 41:47 of seed Isa 5:10, vine, shoots Ezek 17:6 (figurative); of cows, yielding milk Isa 7:22 hippop. producing fat Job 15:27.

3. prepare, especially of dressing and cooking food, Gen 18:7; Gen 18:8; Judg 6:19; Judg 13:5; 1Sam 25:18 (passive), 2Sam 12:4 (twice in verse); Gen 27:14; Gen 27:17; Gen 27:31; 2Sam 13:5; 2Sam 13:7; 1Kgs 17:12; Exod 12:39 (+ ל reflexive); a bullock for sacrifice (see below) 1Kgs 18:23; 1Kgs 18:25; 1Kgs 18:26 כְּלֵי גוֺלָה Ezek 12:3 (+ ל reflexive); a chamber Neh 13:7 prepare to build (+ ל person and infinitive).

4. make offering, e.g. עוֺלָה Judg 13:16; Jer 33:18; Lev 16:24, עוֺלָה וָזֶבַח 2Kgs 5:17 (+ ל of deity), הַחַטָּאת Lev 14:19, אִשֶּׁה Num 15:3; Num 15:14, various offerings 1Kgs 8:64; Lev 9:22; Ezek 45:17; Ezek 46:2 +; + ׳לי to ׳י Lev 17:9 +; also with accusative of thing sacrificed (perhaps originally prepare or provide, see above) Ezek 43:25 (twice in verse); Ezek 46:15; Lev 14:30; Lev 15:15; Lev 15:30; Lev 16:9; Num 6:11; Num 6:17; Ps 66:15 (+ ל of deity) +; absolute = offer sacrifice Exod 10:25 (E + ׳לי), to (ל) heathen gods 2Kgs 17:32.

5. attend to, put in order: pare (the nails) Deut 21:12 wash (feet) 2Sam 19:25 trim (beard) v.2Sam 19:25 (compare French faire la barbe, German die Haare machen).

6. observe, celebrate, religious festival, e.g. passover Exod 12:48; Num 9:4; Num 9:6; Num 9:13; Josh 5:10, also (+ ׳לי) Exod 12:48; Num 9:10; Num 9:14 (all P), Deut 16:1 +; sabbath Exod 31:16; Deut 5:15 feast of weeks Deut 16:10, booths Deut 16:13, Purim Esth 9:21; Esth 9:27, etc.

7. acquire property of various kinds (compare 'make money') Gen 12:5; Gen 31:5 (J), Isa 15:7; Jer 17:11; Jer 48:36; Deut 8:18; Ezek 22:18; Ezek 28:4 (twice in verse); Ezek 38:12; 2Chr 32:29; Eccl 2:8 + ל reflexive Deut 8:17; 2Sam 15:1; 1Kgs 1:5 of fruits from vineyards, etc. Ps 107:37.

8. appoint priests 1Kgs 12:31; 1Kgs 13:33; 2Chr 2:17 (all + מִן source), a feast 1Kgs 12:32; 1Kgs 12:33 (+ ל person); ordain a sacrifice Num 28:6, a festal day Ps 118:24 institute, אוֺב וְיִדְּעֹנִי ghost and familiar spirit 2Kgs 21:6 = 2Chr 33:6 (compare Dr^{Deut 18:11}).

9. bring about, of ׳י's effecting a deliverance Exod 14:13 (לָכֶם), 1Sam 11:13; 2Sam 23:10 (insert also || 1Chr 11:13 Dr), v1Chr 11:12 cause, followed by clause with שֶׁ Eccl 3:14.

10. use, לִמְלַאכְתּוֺ ׳וְע 1Sam 8:16 passive Exod 38:24.

11. spend, pass, days of life Eccl 6:12. Niph`al₉₇ Perfect 3 masculine singular נַעֲשָׂה Judg 16:11 +; 3 feminine singular נֶעֶשְׂתָה 2Sam 17:23 +, etc.; Imperfect 3 masculine singular יֵעָשֶׂה Gen 29:26 +, 3 feminine singular with ו subordinate וְתֵעָשׂ Esth 5:6; Esth 7:2; Esth 9:12 (Ges^{«GKC:109»§ 109} f.), etc.; Infinitive construct הֵעָשׂוֺת Esth 9:1; Esth 9:14, etc., Participle נַעֲשֶׂה Neh 5:18, etc.; —

1. be done (passive of Qal I 1):
a. subject מְלָאכָה Judg 16:11 (with ב instrumental), Neh 6:16 (with מֵאֵת אֱלֹהִים ), vNeh 6:9; Exod 12:16 + 4 t.; subject omitted Ezek 44:14, indefinite Esth 4:1 with כֵּן Esth 9:14 be done, כַּתּוֺרָה Ezra 10:3 be committed, of offence, Deut 13:15; Num 15:24; Eccl 4:1 + 3 t.; with negative not (yet) done, i.e. future Isa 46:10 be accomplished, performed, fulfilled Ezek 12:35; Ezek 12:38; Dan 11:36; Esth 5:5; Esth 7:2; Esth 9:12 be executed, carried out, of sentence Eccl 8:11, decree Esth 9:1 be followed, of counsel 2Sam 17:28 nearly = occur Eccl 1:9 (twice in verse); Eccl 1:13; Eccl 9:3; Eccl 9:6, subject מַעֲשֶׂה Eccl 1:14; Eccl 2:17; Eccl 4:3; Eccl 8:9; Eccl 8:17, subject הֶבֶל vEccl 8:14, עִנְיָן vEccl 8:15.
b. Imperfect with negative, is (are) not done, not according to usage, of flagrant offences Gen 20:9 (E), Gen 29:26 (with כֵּן), Gen 34:7 (both J), 2Sam 13:12 (כֵּן); hence (P) not to be done, forbidden by ׳י Lev 4:2; Lev 4:13; Lev 4:22; Lev 4:27; Lev 5:17.
c. be done to, with ל of animal 1Sam 11:7 (כֹּה); ל person Exod 2:4 (E) Exod 21:31 (E; כַּמִּשְׁפָּט), Isa 3:11; Jer 5:13 (כֹּה), Lev 24:19 (H; כֵּן), Num 15:34 (P) + 8 t.; be done for, ל person Judg 11:37; Esth 6:3, עִם person vEsth 6:3 ל of thing Num 15:11 (כָּכָה).
d. be done upon, against (ב) Dan 9:12.

2. (passive of Qal II):
a. be made, of conr. things 1Kgs 10:20 = 2Chr 9:19 (throne), Jer 3:16 (ark), 2Kgs 12:14; Ezek 43:18; Exod 25:31; Num 4:36 (P); with accusative mat; Lev 2:7.
b. be produced from (מִן) vine Num 6:4.
c. be prepared, of food Exod 12:16; Lev 6:14; Lev 7:9 (all P), Neh 5:18 (twice in verse).
d. be offered, מִנְחָה Lev 2:8; Lev 2:11, kid Num 28:15; Num 28:24.
e. be observed, passover 2Kgs 24:22; 2Kgs 24:23 (ל of deity) = 2Chr 35:18; 2Chr 35:19 Purim Esth 9:28. feminine be used + ל of thing Lev 7:24 (P); Lev 13:51 (P) Ezek 15:5 (twice in verse). Pu`al Perfect 1 singular עֻשֵּׂיתִי Ps 139:15 I was made.

BDB6436 H6213

II. [עָשָׂה] verb Pi`el press, squeeze (Late Hebrew עִשָּׂה Pi`el compel; ᵑ7 עַסִּי Pa`el crush, gnash (teeth); compare Arabic compress a woman); — Perfect 3 plural עִשּׂוּ דַּדֵּי בְּתוּלִים Ezek 23:3; Ezek 23:8 (unchaste act); Infinitive construct בַּעֲשׂוֺתדַּ֗֗֗דַּיִךְ vEzek 23:21 read Pi`el בְּעַשּׂוֺת (Ew Co Toy, and others).

do, made, done, did, make, …

ʿāśâ

to do or make, in the broadest sense and widest application

to do, fashion, accomplish, make

(Qal)

to do, work, make, produce

to do

to make

to be done

בְּ אֶ֣רֶץ

בְּ

Prefix — preposition in, at, by, with

אֶ֣רֶץ

Root word land, earth, ground, country, countries, …

Dictionary form: אֶרֶץ · eh-RETS

Noun — Common, both singular, construct state "___ of …" — bound to the next word

In the KJV here: in the land

the land ×425 the earth ×247 in the land ×246 of the earth ×197 of the land ×197 land ×130 out of the land ×66 in the earth ×43

More options

land — Best default; territory, region, or promised land.

earth — Prefer for cosmic or global scope (whole creation).

ground — Physical soil or surface; localized, tangible contexts.

country — Distinct nation-territory; political or ethnic emphasis.

region — Geographical area without strong political connotation.

world — Rare; only when universal scope is clearly intended.

BDB780 H776

אֶ֫רֶץ₂₄₀₇ noun feminine^{Gen 10:11} & (seldom) masculine^{Gen 13:16} earth, land (Phoenician, MI ארץ, Assyrian irƒitu COT^Gloss, Arabic , Sabean ארץֿ e.g. Os⁹ DHM^{ZMG 1875, 594, 614}; Semitic Sprachf. 12, compare Prä^{BAS i. 374 n.}, Aramaic אֲרַע, ) — ׳א absolute Gen 1:24 +; construct Gen 2:11 +; אָ֑רֶץ Gen 1:10 +; with article always הָאָ֫רֶץ Gen 1:11 +; with ָ ה locative אַ֫רְצָה Gen 11:31 +, (this form also in poetry = אֶרֶץ Job 34:13 +); suffix אַרְצִי Job 20:15 +; (אַרְצֶ֑ךָ) אַרְצְךָ Job 12:1 +, etc.; plural אֲרָצוֺת Jer 28:8 + 65 t.; construct אַרְצוֺת Ezek 39:27 + 6 t.; suffix אַרְצֹתָם Gen 10:5 + 2 t.; —

1. a. earth, whole earth (opposed to a part) Gen 18:18; Gen 18:25; Gen 22:18 (= הָאֲדָמָה Gen 12:3) Jer 25:26; Jer 25:29; Jer 25:30; Jer 26:6; Isa 37:16; Isa 37:20 = 2Kgs 19:15; 2Kgs 19:19; Zech 4:10; Zech 4:14 +.
b. earth, opposed to heaven, sky Gen 1:2; Exod 20:4; Deut 5:8; Deut 30:19; Judg 5:4; Lam 2:1; Isa 37:16 = 2Kgs 19:15; Ps 146:6; 1Chr 21:16; 1Chr 29:11; 2Chr 2:11 +; as permanent Eccl 1:4 built on foundations, or pillars 1Sam 2:8; Ps 104:5; Job 38:4; Isa 48:13; Isa 51:13; Isa 51:16 compare also Isa 24:18; Ps 82:5 firm, so that its shaking is something terrible, & token of terrible power 1Sam 14:4; 2Sam 22:8 = Ps 18:8; Job 9:6 compare Ps 46:2 & vPs 46:6 so also Amos 8:8; Isa 2:19; Isa 2:21; Isa 24:18; Isa 24:19; Isa 24:20; Ps 60:4; Ps 77:19; Ps 99:1; Ps 114:7 as hung on nothing Job 26:7 with waters under it Exod 20:4 = Deut 5:8 compare Gen 7:11 personified, especially as addressed, called to witness, etc. Deut 32:1; Jer 6:19; Jer 22:29; Isa 1:2; Mic 1:2; Job 16:18.
c. earth = inhabitants of earth Gen 6:11; 1Kgs 2:2; 1Kgs 10:24; Ps 33:8; Ps 66:4 + compare ׳תֵּבֵל א Prov 8:31; Job 37:12.

2. land =
a. country, territory, שִׁנְעָר ׳א Gen 10:10, מִצְרַיִם ׳א Gen 21:21 compare also Gen 10:11; Gen 11:28; Gen 11:31; Gen 13:10; Gen 47:6; Gen 47:27; Gen 50:8; Isa 7:18; Isa 23:1; Isa 23:13; Isa 27:13; Ps 78:12; Jer 25:20; 1Chr 1:43 personified Isa 62:4; Eccl 10:16; Eccl 10:17.
b. district, region Gen 19:28; Gen 22:2; Josh 11:3; Ps 42:7.
c. tribal territory Deut 34:2; Judg 21:21; 1Sam 9:4; 1Sam 9:16; 1Sam 13:7; 1Kgs 15:20; Isa 8:23 and still smaller territories 1Sam 9:4; 1Sam 9:5.
d. piece of ground Gen 23:15.
e. specifically land of Canaan, or Israel Gen 11:31; Gen 12:1; Gen 12:5; Gen 12:6; Gen 12:7; Gen 31:3; Deut 17:14; Deut 18:9; 2Kgs 5:2; 2Kgs 5:4 +; especially object of יָרַשׁ possess Deut 3:20 + often Deuteronomy, Psalms and elsewhere; so after נָחַל Josh 19:49 +; נָתַן Deut 1:21 +. feminine = inhabitants land Lev 19:29; Ezek 14:13 + compare Deut 24:4; Zech 12:12 etc.
g. used even of Sh®°ôl Job 10:21; Job 10:22 (compare Assyrian irƒit la târat, land without return, in Descent of Ishtar, see Jr^{10. 65}); see also Ps 139:15; Isa 44:23.

3. a. ground, surface of ground = אֲדָמָה q. v. Gen 1:26; Gen 1:30; Gen 18:2; Gen 33:3; Gen 38:9; Exod 4:3; Exod 16:4; Ruth 2:10; 1Sam 5:4 + very often in Samuel.
b. soil, as productive = אֲדָמָה Gen 1:11; Gen 1:12; Lev 19:9; Lev 25:9; Lev 26:4 compare Num 14:7; Num 14:8; Isa 36:7 = 2Kgs 18:32; Ps 72:6; Ps 72:16; Ps 107:34; Ps 107:35; Ezra 9:12; Neh 9:35.

4. אֶרֶץ in phrases:
a. people of the land ׳עַםהָֿא of non-Israelites Gen 23:7; Gen 23:12; Gen 23:13 (P) Num 14:9 (JE); as well as Israel Lev 20:4 (H) 2Kgs 15:5; 2Kgs 16:15; 2Kgs 21:24 (twice in verse); especially common people, opposed to officials, princes Lev 4:27 (P) Ezek 7:27; 2Kgs 11:18; 2Kgs 11:19.
b. in measurements of distance, ׳כִּבְרַת הָא the space or distance of country (see כּברה) Gen 35:16, so ׳כִּבְרַת א some distance Gen 48:7; 2Kgs 5:19.
c. אֶרֶץ הַמִּישׁוֺר the country of the plain, level or plain country Deut 4:33; Jer 48:21 מִישׁוֺר ׳א figurative Ps 143:10 (but read אֹרַח ᵑ6 Bi Gr Che, compare Ps 27:11).
d. חַיִּים ׳א land of the living Ps 27:13 הַחַיִּים ׳א Ps 142:6.
e. ׳קְצֵה הָא end(s) of the earth Isa 42:10; Isa 43:6 (|| רָחוֺק) Ps 135:7; Prov 17:24, so ׳אַפְסֵי א Prov 30:4 +; ׳קְצוֺת הָא Isa 40:28; Isa 41:5; Isa 41:9.

5. plural אֲרָצוֺת is almost wholly late, Jer 16:15 + 6 t. Jeremiah; 23 t. Ezekiel; Isa 36:20; Isa 37:11 = 2Kgs 18:35; 2Kgs 19:11 (Isa 37:18 read הַגּוֺיִם see Che Di & compare 2Kgs 19:17); 22 t. Chronicles; Dan 9:7; Dan 11:40; Dan 11:42; Ps 105:44; Ps 106:27; Ps 107:3; Ps 116:9 besides these only P Gen 10:5; Gen 10:20; Gen 10:31; Lev 26:36; Lev 26:39, except Gen 26:3; Gen 26:4 (J^R) Gen 41:54 (JE); it denotes lands, countries, often in contrast to Canaan, lands of the nations, etc., see especially absolute Ezek 20:32; Ezek 22:4 = the various petty divisions of Canaan afterward united under Israel's control Gen 26:3; Gen 26:4, compare 1Chr 13:2 אַרְצוֺת יִשְׂרָאֵל, 2Chr 11:23 אַרְצוֺת יְהוּדָה.

BDB9347 H772 H776

[אֲרַע]₂₁ noun [feminine] earth (so ᵑ7 Syriac; = Biblical Hebrew אֶרֶץ, q. v.); — emphatic אַרְעָא Dan 2:35; Dan 2:39 + 16 t. Daniel; Ezra 5:11; Jer 10:11b; אַ֫רְעָא (D^{§§ 9, 5 a; 44, 1 n}) = אֲרַע + ָ֯ of direction, earthward, i.e. downward, אַרְעָא מִנָּח Dan 2:39 Kt lower than thou, i.e. inferior to thee Qr אֲרַע (compare ᵑ7 אֲרַע מִן Ruth 4:4); — Jer 10:11a see [ אֲרַק].

land, earth, ground, country, countries, …

ʾereṣ

the earth (at large, or partitively a land)

land, earth

earth

whole earth (as opposed to a part)

country, territory

ground

people of the land

lands, countries

often in contrast to Canaan

יְהוּדָ֔ה

Root word a name — transliterate it ("Of judah")

Dictionary form: יְהוּדָה · yeh-hoo-DAW

Noun — Proper Name

In the KJV here: of judah

of judah ×506 judah ×144 and judah ×47 in judah ×24 against judah ×7 belongeth to judah ×5 from judah ×5 is in judah ×4

More options

Judah — Standard modern rendering for the person and tribe.

the tribe of Judah — Use when tribal identity needs to be explicit.

the kingdom of Judah — Preferable in contexts of the divided monarchy.

the land of Judah — Use when referring to the geographical region.

Judah's — Possessive form; clear and natural in modern English.

BDB3477 H3063

יְהוּדָה₈₂₀ proper name, masculine and of a territory Judah (treated Gen 29:35; Gen 49:8 (q. v. below) as if derived from Hoph`al of ידה = praised, object of praise (on ה compare Hiph`il אֲהוֺדֶ֑נּוּ Ps 28:7, יְהוֺדֶה Neh 11:17), but this dubious; relation to יְהֻד, II. יְהוּדִית: unexplained; see further Jastr^{JBL xii, 1898, 61 ff.}; Assyrian Ia-u-du, of land; Ia-u-da-ai, Judaean COT^Gloss) —

I. proper name, masculine 1. son of Jacob and Leah, explained by Leah's words I will praise ׳י Gen 29:35 (J); compare Jacob's prediction, thy brethren shall praise thee Gen 49:8 (poem in J E), see also vGen 49:9 vGen 49:10 elsewhere Gen 37:26; Gen 38:1 + 14 t. Gen 38; Gen 43:3; Gen 43:8; Gen 44:14; Gen 44:16; Gen 44:18; Gen 46:28 (all J), Gen 35:23 (P), 1Chr 2:1; 1Chr 2:3; Ruth 4:12 בְּנֵי יְהוּדָה sons of Judah Gen 46:12; Num 26:19 (P), 1Chr 2:3; 1Chr 2:4; 1Chr 4:1.

2. tribe descended from Judah Deut 33:7 (poem), Num 1:7 (P), Deut 27:12 +; בְּנֵי יהודה Num 1:26; Josh 14:6 (D), Judg 1:8 +; שֵׁבֶט יהודה Josh 7:16 (J), 1Kgs 12:20; 2Kgs 17:18; Ps 78:68 מַטֵּה בְנֵי יהודה Josh 15:1; Josh 15:20; Josh 15:21; Josh 21:9 (all P), 1Chr 6:50 elsewhere מַטֵּה יהודה Exod 31:2; Exod 35:30; Exod 38:22; Num 1:27; Num 7:12; Num 13:6; Num 34:19; Josh 7:1; Josh 7:18; Josh 21:4 (all P); אישׁ יהודה Judg 15:20 +; אנשׁי יהודה 2Sam 2:4 +, (compare amelûti [ƒabê] Ia-u-du Tel el-Amarna^{No. 39} Jastr^{JBL xii, 1893, 64}).

3. nation, of southern kingdom under dynasty of David, as distinguished from northern kingdom of Ephraim or Israel: Hos 4:15; Jer 2:28; 2Chr 12:12 +; of the returned exiles Neh 4:4 עַם יהודה 2Kgs 14:21 = 2Chr 26:1; Jer 25:1; Jer 25:2; Ezra 4:4 בְּנֵי יהודה Hos 2:2; Jer 7:30; 2Chr 13:18; 2Chr 25:12; 2Chr 28:10 בֵּית יהודה Hos 1:7; Jer 3:18; Ezek 4:6 +; מַלְכוּת יהודה 2Chr 11:17 personified, ׳בַּת י Lam 1:15; Lam 2:2; Lam 2:5.

4. Levite, Ezra's time, Ezra 10:23.

5. an over-seer of Jerusalem Neh 11:9.

6. Levite musician Neh 12:8.

7. priest Neh 12:36.

II. proper name, of a territory land of Judah, feminine Isa 7:6; Jer 23:6 = Jer 33:16; Joel 4:30; Ps 114:2 +; ארץ יְהוּדָה 1Sam 22:5; 2Kgs 23:24 +; אדמת יהודה Isa 19:17 עָרֵי יהודה 2Sam 2:1; 1Kgs 12:17; 2Kgs 18:13; 2Kgs 23:5; 2Kgs 23:8; Isa 40:9; Isa 44:26; Zech 1:12; Ps 69:36; Lam 5:11 elsewhere 15 t. Chronicles, 23 t. Jeremiah; בִּיהודה Judg 15:9 +; מיהודה 1Kgs 13:1 +; הר יהודה the hill-country of Judah Josh 11:21(D), Josh 20:7; Josh 21:11 (P), 2Chr 27:4 נֶגֶב יהודה the south (country) of Judah 1Sam 27:10; 2Sam 24:7 מדבר יהודה Judg 1:16; Ps 63:1 (title).

BDB9574 H3061 H3063

יְהוּד proper name, of a territory Judah (secondary formative from following according to M^{§ 68. b} Buhl; compare Biblical Hebrew יְהוּדָה); — Dan 5:13b; Ezra 5:1; Ezra 5:8; Ezra 7:14 ׳בְּנֵי גָּלוּתָא דַּי י Dan 2:25; Dan 5:13a; Dan 6:14.

judah, judahs

yĕhûdâ

praised

Jehudah (or Judah), the name of five Israelites; also of the tribe descended from the first, and of its territory

the son of Jacob by Leah

וּ בְ חֻצ֖וֹת

וּ

Prefix — connector and (sometimes: but, so, then)

בְ

Prefix — preposition in, at, by, with

חֻצ֖וֹת

Root word without, streets, abroad, out, street, …

Dictionary form: חוּץ · hoots

Noun — Common, masculine plural, construct state plural — usually add "-s"; "___ of …" — bound to the next word

In the KJV here: and in the streets

without ×48 abroad ×19 out ×12 in the streets ×9 and in the streets ×7 and without ×6 of the streets ×6 street ×3

More options

outside — Broadest spatial sense; works for most contexts.

street — Prefer when urban public space is in view.

outdoors — Emphasizes open-air setting away from a building.

open square — Good for busy public gathering areas in cities.

beyond — Useful when expressing separation or exclusion.

in public — Highlights social visibility rather than physical location.

BDB2630 H2351

חוּץ noun [masculine] the outside, sometimes, especially in plural, specifically a street, never with suffix in singular, with ָ ה locative ח֫וּצָה, חֻ֫צָה, plural חוּצוֺת, חֻצוֺת, with suffix חוּצֹתָיו etc., Isa 15:3 etc.; —

1. the outside, of a house, tent, city, camp, etc., often used, especially with prepositions, to express the adverb idea of outside, abroad (Aramaic synonym, except in sense 2 a, is בַּר, ):
a. as accusative after verb of motion Deut 23:13 יָצָא חוּץ to go forth outside (that is, a camp), v.Deut 23:14 (as adverb accusative) בְּשִׁבְתְּךָ חוּץ outside, הוֺצִיא הַחוּץ to bring forth outside (a house or chamber) Judg 19:25; 2Sam 13:18 compare Neh 13:8; Judg 12:9b בָּנוֺת הֵבִיא לְבָנָיו מִןהַֿחוּץ from outside, from abroad, 2Kgs 4:3 שַׁאֲלִילָֿךְ כֵּלִים מִןהַֿחוּץ from outside (opposed to בַּבַּיִת v2Kgs 4:2); as genitive Lev 18:9 מוֺלֶדֶת חוּץ one born abroad (i.e. by another father or mother, of a half-sister: opposed to מוֺלֶדֶת בַּיִת) Ezek 47:2 (twice in verse). With ָ ה locative חוּצָה, after a verb of motion Exod 12:46 מִןהַֿבַּיִת ֗֗֗ חוּצָה, Prov 5:16 חוּצָה לָעִיר outside of the city, Num 35:4 מִקִּיר הָעִיר וָחוּצָה from the wall of the city and outwards; = on the outside, without 1Kgs 6:6; Isa 33:7 צָֽעֲקוּ חוּצָה cry without, 2Chr 24:8: so הַחוּצָה Gen 15:5 ׳וַיּוֺצֵא אֹתוֺ הח and brought him outside, Gen 19:17; Gen 24:29; Josh 2:19 +, 1Kgs 8:8 לֹא יֵרָאוּ הַחוּצָה were not seen towards the outside, Deut 25:5 לֹא תִהְיֶה אֵשֶׁת הַמֵּת הַחוּצָה לְאִישׁ זָרi.e. shall not be married into another family, compare Judg 12:9 a.
b. with preps.: a. אלהֿחוץ towards the outside Ezek 41:9, Ezek 34:21 pleonastic אלהֿחוצה. b. בחוץ Gen 9:22 outside (opposed to בְּתוֺךְ אָהֳלֹה vGen 9:21), Gen 24:31 לָמָּה תַעֲמֹד בַּחוץ, Deut 24:11; Exod 21:19 אם יקום והתהלך בחוץ (after leaving a sick couch), 2Kgs 10:24; Ps 31:12; Ezek 7:15 (opposed to מִבַּיִת), Hos 7:1 +. c. לחוץ Ps 41:7 יצא לחוץ; = on the outside Ezek 41:17; Ezek 42:7, לַחוּצָה 2Chr 32:5 towards the outside. d. מִחוּץ on (מִן 3 c) the outside Ezek 40:19; Ezek 46:2, מִבַיִת וּמִחוּץ within and without (of an ark, building, etc.) Gen 6:14; Exod 25:11 = Exod 37:2; 1Kgs 7:9; Deut 32:25 מחוץ תְּשַׁכֶּלחֶֿרֶב (opposed to יּמֵחֲדָרִים אֵימָה), Lam 1:20 (compare Ezek 7:15 above b); so מֵהַחוּץ Ezek 41:25. מִחוּץ לְ on the outside of, Gen 19:16 וַיַּנִּיחֵהוּ מִחוּץ לָעִיר, Gen 24:11; Exod 26:35; Exod 37:7 (twice in verse); Lev 8:17; Lev 14:8; Num 35:5; Josh 6:23; Jer 21:4 +, even after a verb of motion 1Kgs 21:13 וַיּוֺצִיאוּהוּ מִחוּץ לְעִיר, 2Kgs 23:6, though in this case אל מחוץל is more common, Lev 4:12; Lev 4:21 אל מחוץ למחנה, Lev 6:4; Lev 10:4; Lev 14:40; Lev 14:41 + often P, Deut 23:11. e. מִחוּצָה Ezek 40:40 on the outside, מִחוּצָה לְ vEzek 40:44. f. (late) חוּץ מִן outside of, Eccl 2:25 who can eat, and who enjoy, חוּץ מִמֶּנִּיִ outside of me, i.e. except me? (but read rather, with ᵐ5 ᵑ6 De Now and others, חוּץ מִמֶּנּוּ apart from, without him, i.e. God). (So Late Hebrew חוּץ מִן except, without, see De^{Eccl 2:25.} compare The Aramaic synonym בַּר מִן except Exod 20:3 ᵑ7; apart from, without Isa 36:10 ᵑ7; Syriac id.)

2. Of a definite locality, namely
a. that which is outside the houses of a town, i.e. a street Isa 51:23 כַּחוּץ לַעֹבְרִים, Jer 37:21 חוּץ הָאֹפִים the Bakers' street, Prov 1:20 כַּחוּץ, (|| כָּֽרְחֹבוֺת: so Prov 7:12; Prov 22:13; Jer 9:20); often in plural, as חוּצֹת אַשְׁקְלוֹן the streets of Ashkelon 2Sam 1:20, ירושׁלם ׳ח Jer 5:1; Jer 7:17; Jer 7:34 + often Jeremiah; 1Kgs 20:34 וְחֻצוֺת תָּשִׂיםלְֿךָ בְּדַמֶּשֶׂק and streets (i.e. bazaars) shalt thou make thee in D., as my father made in Samaria (a concession involving the right of trading), Amos 5:16; Isa 15:3; Isa 24:11 (as scene of mourning), Isa 5:25; Jer 51:4; Ezek 11:6; Ezek 28:23 ( as filled with corpses of slain), בְּראֹשׁ כָּלחֿוּצוֺת i.e. in conspicuous places, Nah 3:10; Lam 2:19; Lam 4:1; Isa 51:20, טִיט חוּצוֺת mire of streets Zech 10:5 (trampled on by warriors), in simile, of foes trodden under foot, Ps 18:43; Mic 7:10 ( so ׳כְּחֹמֶר ח Isa 10:6), metaphor of cheapness and abundance Zech 9:3.
b. more generally, that which is outside enclosed cities, the open country, Job 18:17 וְלאֹ שֵׁם לוֺ עַלפְּֿנֵיחֿוּץ (see De), compare Prov 24:27 in the plural Job 5:10 וְשֹׁלֵחַ מַיִם עַל פְנֵי חוּצוֺת, Prov 8:26; Ps 144:13 (as place where flocks abound).

without, streets, abroad, out, street, …

ḥûṣ

properly, separate by a wall, i.e., outside, outdoors

outside, outward, street, the outside

יְרוּשָׁלִָֽם

Root word a name — transliterate it ("Of jerusalem")

Dictionary form: יְרוּשָׁלִַם · yeh-roo-shaw-la-IM

Noun — Proper Name

In the KJV here: of jerusalem

of jerusalem ×145 jerusalem ×121 in jerusalem ×103 to jerusalem ×56 and jerusalem ×40 at jerusalem ×36 from jerusalem ×17 and in jerusalem ×14

More options

Jerusalem — Standard modern spelling; use in nearly all contexts.

the city of Jerusalem — Add 'the city of' for clarity when first introduced.

O Jerusalem — Retain vocative form in laments or direct address.

Jerusalem's — Use possessive form when Hebrew construct requires it.

BDB3732 H3389

יֲרוּשָׁלַ֫םִ, יְרוּשָׁלַ֫יִם₆₄₄ proper name, of a location Jerusalem (in Assyrian Urusalim, Tel Amarna, Zim^{ZA, 1891, 252, 254}; Ursalimmu, COT^Glossary; ᵐ5 Ιερουσαλημ; √ and meaning dubious; Rel Ew and others derive from יְרוּשׁ שׁלם possession of peace (or Salem's possession); Thes and others from יָרָה, i.e. יְרוּ + שָׁלֵם a foundation of peace; Grill^{ZAW, 1884, 134 ff.} foundation of Shalem (Shalem = God of peace, = ׳י); but name not certainly Hebrew; according to Sayce^{Acad. Feb. 7, 1891, 138; Higher Crit. 176} (opposed by Zim^{ZA. 1891, 263}), Jastr^{JBL xi, 1892, 185} = Uru (city) + Salim, proper name, of divinity); — usually יְרוּשָׁלַ֫םִ (Qr perpetuum), Josh 10:10 +; יְרוּשָׁלָ֑םִ 1Sam 17:54 +; לַ֫יִם- 5 t. according to Masora (see Frensdorff^{Mass. Magna, 293}), namely Jer 26:18; 1Chr 3:5; 2Chr 25:1; 2Chr 32:9 (with ה locative), Esth 2:6, (but לָ֑֫םִ- 1Chr 3:5 van d. H Baer), so Maccabean coins, Levy^{Geschichte. d. jüd. Münz. 42 f.}; with ה locative יְרוּשָׁלַ֫מֳה 1Kgs 10:2; Isa 36:2; Ezek 8:3 (לַ֫יְמָה- 2Chr 32:9 above); לָ֑מֳה- 2Kgs 9:28 with prefixes: ׳בִּירו 2Sam 9:13 +; ׳לִירו 2Kgs 18:22 +; ׳מִירו 2Sam 15:11 +; ׳וִירו 2Kgs 23:1 +; — Jerusalem, renowned as capital of all Israel, afterwards of southern kingdom, seat of central worship in temple, first named as city of Canaanite Adoni-‚edek Josh 10:1; Josh 10:3; Josh 10:5; Josh 10:23 (all J E), compare Josh 12:10 (D); inhabited by Jebusites Josh 15:63 (twice in verse) (P), Judg 1:21 (twice in verse), compare vJudg 1:7 (Adoni-Bezek); identification with יְבוּס Judg 19:10, and הַיְבוּסִי (q. v.) Josh 15:8; Josh 18:28 (both P); captured by Judah Judg 1:8 first named in connection with David 1Sam 17:54 ; taken possession of by David as king 2Sam 5:6 David's royal seat v2Sam 5:5 v2Sam 5:13 v2Sam 5:14; 2Sam 8:7; 2Sam 11:1 +; it remained the capital until taken by Nebuchadrezzar, B.C. 588, 2Kgs 25:1 +; it became the chief home of the returned exiles Ezra 1:11; Ezra 2:11; Neh 2:11; Neh 2:17 +; mentioned Samuel 31 t., Kings 92 t., Chronicles 151 t., Ezra 25 t., Nehemiah 38 t., Isa¹ 27 t., Isa^2,3 22 t., Jer 107 t., Ezek 26 t., Zech 41 t., etc. — See also proper name, of a location יְבוּס, שָׁלֵם.

BDB9593 H3390 H3389

יְרוּשְׁלֵם₂₅ proper name, of a location Jerusalem (Biblical Hebrew יְרוּשָׁלִַם); — Dan 5:2; Dan 5:3; Dan 6:11; Ezra 4:8; Ezra 4:12 + 20 t. Ezra.

jerusalem, jerusalems

yĕrûšālaim

teaching of peace

Jerushalaim or Jerushalem, the capital city of Palestine

the chief city of Palestine and capital of the united kingdom and the nation of Judah after the split

Word Breakdown

Vowels & Accents

Grammar Ti/Vqp2mp

Verb Chart

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Brown-Driver-Briggs (BDB)

Strong's Definition H7911

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Vowels & Accents

Grammar To

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Brown-Driver-Briggs (BDB)

Strong's Definition H853

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Vowels & Accents

Grammar Ncfpc

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Brown-Driver-Briggs (BDB)

Strong's Definition H7451

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Vowels & Accents

Grammar Ncmpc/Sp2mp

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Brown-Driver-Briggs (BDB)

Strong's Definition H1

Word Breakdown

Vowels & Accents

Grammar C/To

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Brown-Driver-Briggs (BDB)

Strong's Definition H853

Word Breakdown

Vowels & Accents

Grammar Ncfpc

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Brown-Driver-Briggs (BDB)

Strong's Definition H7451

Word Breakdown

Vowels & Accents

Grammar Ncmpc

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Brown-Driver-Briggs (BDB)

Strong's Definition H4428

Word Breakdown

Vowels & Accents

Grammar Np

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Brown-Driver-Briggs (BDB)

Strong's Definition H3063

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Vowels & Accents

Grammar C/To

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Brown-Driver-Briggs (BDB)

Strong's Definition H853

Word Breakdown

Vowels & Accents

Grammar Ncfpc

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Brown-Driver-Briggs (BDB)

Strong's Definition H7451

Word Breakdown

Vowels & Accents

Grammar Ncfpc/Sp3ms

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Brown-Driver-Briggs (BDB)

Strong's Definition H802

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Vowels & Accents

Grammar C/To

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Brown-Driver-Briggs (BDB)

Strong's Definition H853

Word Breakdown

Vowels & Accents

Grammar Ncfpc/Sp2mp

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Brown-Driver-Briggs (BDB)

Strong's Definition H7451