Jeremiah 50:2

הַגִּ֨ידוּ

Root word told, tell, declare, shew, shewed, …

Dictionary form: נָגַד · naw-ɡAHD

Verb — Hiphil, Imperative, second person masculine plural causative — "he made (someone) do" a command — try "___!" the built-in subject is "you (a group)"

In the KJV here: declare

and told ×37 told ×25 tell ×24 and it was told ×18 declare ×16 and they told ×10 shew ×7 to shew ×6

More options

tell — Most natural, everyday choice for direct speech contexts.

declare — Slightly formal; suits proclamations or solemn announcements.

report — Good when information is relayed from a third party.

announce — Emphasizes public or official disclosure of news.

reveal — Highlights that hidden information is being brought to light.

make known — Stresses the communicative result; fits instructional passages.

BDB4962 H5046

[נָגַד]₃₆₃ verb be conspicuous (Late Hebrew in derivatives; Phoenician proper name, masculine נגד; Arabic conquer, overcome, also be apparent, conspicuous; high land or country; be courageous, vigorous, effective, courageous, efficient; Aramaic , נְגַד drag, draw, lead; נָגוֺדָא leader; Ethiopic is travel); —

Hiph`il₃₂₈ Perfect הִגִּיד Gen 3:11 +, 3 feminine singular הִגִּ֫ידָה 1Sam 25:19 +, הִגַּדְתָּ Gen 12:8 +, etc.; Imperfect יַגִּיד 1Sam 9:6 +; וַיַּגֵּד Gen 9:22 +; suffix יַגִּידֶ֫הָ Isa 44:7 יַגִּדָהּ Jer 9:11 יַגֵָּֽדְךָ Deut 32:7 (jussive), etc.; Imperative הַגֵּד 2Sam 18:21 +; הַגִּ֫ידָה Gen 29:15 +, etc.; Infinitive absolute הַגֵּד Judg 14:12 + 2 t.; הַגֵּיד Jer 36:16 construct לְהַגִּיד Gen 32:6 +; לגיד 2Kgs 9:15 Kt. (Qr ׳לְהַגּ); Participle מַגִּיד Gen 41:24 +; feminine מַגֶּ֫דֶת Esth 2:20 plural construct מַגִּידֵי Judg 14:19 — declare, tell [usually followed by לְ of indirect object Gen 3:11 + often; insert also 1Sam 12:7; 2Sam 13:34 ᵐ5 Th We Klo Dr Kit Bu, so HPS 2Sam 13:34 (1Sam 12:7 he following HCT as more different); followed by אֶל Exod 19:9; 1Sam 3:15 followed by לִפְנֵי 1Sam 17:31; Ps 142:3 עַלפָּֿנָיו Job 21:31 בְּאָזְנֵָי Jer 36:20 followed by בְּ local (instead of indirect object) chiefly prophets Jer 4:5; Jer 5:20; Jer 31:10 +; also 1Sam 4:13; 2Sam 1:20; 2Kgs 9:15; Mic 1:10 rarely followed by accusative of person 2Sam 15:31 (but read וּלְדָוִד הִגִּיד HPS (indefinite subject), or הֻגַּד ׳ולס We Dr Kit, ᵐ5 ᵑ9 Th Klo Bu favour הֻגַּד), 2Kgs 7:9; 2Kgs 7:11; Ezek 43:10; Job 17:5; Job 26:4; Job 31:37 followed by direct object in accusative Gen 45:13 + often; followed by clause with כִּי Gen 3:11 + often; followed by clause with אֲשֶׁר = כִּי (late) Esth 3:4; Esth 6:2 followed by clause with מָה Gen 29:15; Judg 16:15; Esth 8:1 +; followed by clause with מִי 2Kgs 6:11 followed by clause with אֵיבָה Song 1:7, once followed by clause with הֲ Gen 43:6, etc.; often no direct object, followed by לֵאמֹר Exod 13:8; 1Sam 25:14 +; followed by וַיּאֹמֶר Gen 47:1 +; אמר then following by oratio recta [direct speech]; ׳הִגּ alone followed by oratio recta Zech 9:12 followed by עַל concerning, 1Sam 27:11; Esth 6:2 often indirect object omitted 1Sam 24:19 +; direct object omitted Judg 13:10 +; both omitted Lev 5:1 + ]. In Hexateuch rarely P, Lev 5:1; Lev 14:35; Exod 16:22 ; J, Gen 3:11; Gen 12:18; Exod 13:8 + 18 t.; E, Gen 21:6; Gen 31:20; Gen 41:25 + 15 t.; D, Deut 17:9; Deut 26:3; Deut 30:18 + 5 t.; —

1. tell, announce, report, usually human subject Gen 9:22; Gen 24:23; Gen 32:6; Lev 14:35; Judg 13:6; 1Sam 3:18; 1Kgs 1:23; Neh 2:12; Esth 2:10 (twice in verse); Job 12:7; Ps 142:3; Isa 19:12; Jer 5:20; Ezek 24:19 +.

2. declare, make known, expound, especially of something before not understood, concealed or mysterious, Gen 3:11; Gen 12:18, etc.; 1Kgs 10:3 = 2Chr 9:2 a riddle Judg 14:12; Judg 14:15; Judg 14:16 (3 t. in verse); Judg 14:19 dream Dan 2:2 secret Job 11:6, etc.; of ׳י as revealing, Gen 41:25; 2Sam 7:11; 2Kgs 4:27; Mic 6:8; Jer 42:3; Ps 147:19 of declaring by ׳י's agents Deut 5:5; Mic 3:8; 1Sam 15:16; 2Sam 24:13; Jer 50:28; Isa 58:1 by divin. Hos 4:12.

3. inform of (play the informer concerning) Josh 2:14; Josh 2:20; Jer 20:10; Job 17:5; Lev 5:1; Prov 29:24.

4. publish declare, proclaim, especially of proclaiming wisdom, power, loving-kindness, etc., of ׳י (especially Psalms): Ps 9:12; Ps 22:32; Ps 51:17; Ps 92:3; Ps 92:16; Ps 145:4 +, subject heavens Ps 19:2; Ps 50:6; Ps 97:6; Isa 42:12; Isa 57:12.

5. avow, acknowledge, confess: Isa 3:9; Ps 38:19, compare Isa 48:6. — Participle = messenger 2Sam 15:13; Jer 51:31 (twice in verse) compare הַנַּ֫עַר הַמַּגִּיד 2Sam 1:5; 2Sam 1:6; 2Sam 1:13 ׳הָאִישׁ הַמּ 2Sam 18:11. Hoph`al Perfect הֻגַּד Josh 9:24 +; Imperfect וַיֻּגַּד Gen 22:20 +; Infinitive absolute הֻגֵּד Josh 9:24; Ruth 2:11 — be told, announced, reported, always followed byלְ (sometimes impersonal, logical subject in accusative, compare Gen 27:42; 2Sam 21:11, with feminine Isa 21:2 not in P): Gen 27:42 (J), Gen 31:22 (E), Deut 17:4; Josh 9:24 (twice in verse) (D), Ruth 2:11 (twice in verse); Judg 9:25; 2Sam 10:17; 2Sam 19:2; 2Sam 21:11; 2Sam 1:7; 2Sam 18:13; 2Sam 1:17; 2Sam 2:6; 2Sam 40:21 followed by לֵאמֹר Gen 22:20; Gen 38:13; Gen 13:24 (all J), Josh 10:17 (JE), 1Sam 15:12; 1Sam 19:19; 2Sam 6:12; 1Kgs 1:51; 2Kgs 6:13; 2Kgs 8:7; Isa 7:2 followed by clause with כִּי Exod 14:5 (J), Judg 9:47; Judg 1:7; Judg 23:13; Judg 27:4; Judg 1:29; Judg 29:41.

told, tell, declare, shew, shewed, …

nāgad

properly, to front, i.e., stand boldly out opposite; by implication (causatively), to manifest; figuratively, to announce (always by word of mouth to one present); specifically, to expose, predict, explain, praise

to be conspicuous, tell, make known

(Hiphil) to tell, declare

to tell, announce, report

messenger (participle)

בַ גּוֹיִ֤ם

בַ

Prefix — preposition in, at, by, with + "the" (the article is absorbed into the prefix)

גּוֹיִ֤ם

Root word nations, heathen, nation, gentiles, people, …

Dictionary form: גּוֹי · ɡoy

בַ

Hidden "the" בַ = the preposition + the article הַ squeezed together: the "a" vowel under the prefix is the swallowed "the". Translate "in the ___".

Noun — Common, masculine plural, absolute state plural — usually add "-s"

In the KJV here: ye among the nations

nations ×93 the nations ×67 nation ×47 the heathen ×43 of the heathen ×35 among the heathen ×32 of the nations ×29 a nation ×25

More options

nation — Most general; fits political or ethnic groupings broadly.

people — Emphasizes collective identity; good for poetic contexts.

Gentile — Use when contrasting non-Israelites with Israel specifically.

foreign nation — Highlights otherness; useful in prophetic or legal texts.

ethnic group — Modern academic tone; suits sociological or descriptive passages.

pagan — Carries religious outsider nuance; use cautiously, context-dependent.

BDB1551 H1471

גּוֺי₅₆₁ noun masculine^{Gen 12:2} nation, people (Late Hebrew id. Gentiles, Phoenician גו community, , Sabean גו id., DHM^{ZMG 1883, 348}) — ׳ג Gen 12:2 + 121 t.; suffix 1 singular גּוֺיִ Zeph 2:9, גּוֺיֶ֑ךָ Ps 106:5, גּוֺיֵךְ Kt Ezek 36:13; Ezek 36:14; Ezek 36:15 (Qr wrongly גּוֺיַיִךְ compare Co, who strike out vEzek 36:15); plural גּוֺיִם Gen 10:5 + 410 t. + Qr Gen 25:23; Ps 79:10 (Kt גיים) + 6 t. Ezekiel (variant reading emended Co); construct גּוֺיֵי Gen 18:18 + 8 t., גּוֺיֵ 2Chr 32:13; Ezra 6:21 (compare Baer's notes); suffix גּוֺיֵהֶם Gen 10:5; Gen 10:20; Gen 10:31; Gen 10:32 —

1. nation, people Gen 10:5 (twice in verse); Gen 10:20; Gen 10:31; Gen 10:32 (twice in verse) (all P) +; Isa 2:2; Isa 2:4 (twice in verse) = Mic 4:2; Mic 4:3 (twice in verse); Job 12:23 (twice in verse); Job 34:29 ; Prov 14:34 כֹּל גּוֺיֵי הָאָרֶץ Gen 18:18; Gen 22:18; Gen 26:4 (all J); Deut 28:1.
a. specifically of descendants of Abraham, גּוֺי גָּדוֺל Gen 12:2 compare Gen 18:18 (both J), גּוֺיִם Gen 17:6, הֲמוֺן גּוֺיִם Gen 17:4; Gen 17:15 (all P); of Sarah גּוֺיִם Gen 17:16 (P); of Ishmael גּוֺי Gen 21:13, גָּוֺי גָּדוֺל vGen 21:18 (both E), גּוֺי גָּדוֺל Gen 17:20 (P); of Jacob גּוֺי וּקְהַל גּוֺיִם Gen 35:11 (P), גּוֺי גָּדוֺל Gen 46:3 (E); of Ephraim ׳מְלֹא הַגּ Gen 48:19 (J); of Moses גּוֺי גָּדוֺל Exod 32:10 (J) compare Num 14:12 (J) Deut 9:14 of Jacob and Esau as two nations Gen 25:23 (J).
b. definitely of Israel Exod 19:6 (קָדוֺשׁ ׳גּ) Exod 33:13 (both J E), Deut 4:6 (הַגּוֺי הַגָּדוֺל הַזֶּה, said by heathen compare vDeut 4:7 vDeut 4:8) see also vDeut 4:34, Deut 26:5 compare Ps 33:12; Ps 83:5 (said by enemies) Jer 31:36; Jer 33:24; Ezek 37:22 in narrative Josh 3:17; Josh 4:1; Josh 5:8 (JE), vJosh 5:6 (D), Josh 10:13 (in poetry, no article); of Israel and Judah as two nations Ezek 35:10 (said by heathen) Ezek 37:22 of Judah Isa 26:2; Isa 26:15 (twice in verse); compare Isa 58:2; Isa 60:22; Mic 4:7 once my people Zeph 2:9 (|| עַם); thy people Ps 106:5 (i.e. of ׳י), compare also Ezek 36:13; Ezek 36:14 (read Kt); especially of Israel and (or) Judah as sinful, rebellious Deut 32:28; Judg 2:20; Isa 1:4; Isa 10:6; Jer 5:9; Jer 5:29; Jer 7:28; Jer 9:8; Jer 12:17; (strike out ᵐ5 Co) Hag 2:14; Mal 3:9. — Note. This definite reference to Israel and (or) Judah is comparatively rare; in Hexateuch not P (yet see Gen 17:4; Gen 17:5; Gen 17:6; Gen 17:16; Gen 35:11 P); seldom in exile & post-exile prophets; not Chronicles —
c. usually of non-Hebrew peoples Exod 9:24; Exod 34:10 (JE) Lev 25:44 (H) Num 14:15 (J) Deut 15:6 (twice in verse); 1Kgs 5:11; 1Chr 14:17; 1Chr 16:20; Isa 11:10; Isa 11:12 + often; opposed to Israel as ׳עם י 2Sam 7:23; 1Chr 17:21 (twice in verse) etc., see עם, compare also Num 23:9 note especially גְּלִיל הַגּוֺיִם Isa 8:23 circle or district of the nations (see גָּלִיל); also ׳חֲרשֶׁת הַגּ Judg 4:2; Judg 4:13; Judg 4:16 Charosheth of the nations, & מֶלֶךְ גּוֺיִם לְגִלְגָּ֖ל Josh 12:23 king of nations (peoples, tribes) belonging to Gilgal (ᵐ5 Di to the district, i.e 'Galilee'); especially of these peoples as heathen: idolatrous Lev 8:24; Lev 8:28 (P) Lev 20:23 (H) 1Kgs 14:24; 2Kgs 17:8; 2Kgs 17:11; 2Kgs 17:15; 2Kgs 17:26; 2Kgs 17:29 (twice in verse); 2Chr 28:3; 2Chr 32:13 +, Ezra 6:21; Ezek 5:6 +; hostile Gen 15:14 (J) Lev 26:33; Lev 26:38; Lev 26:45 (H) Deut 4:27; Deut 9:4; Deut 9:5; Deut 18:9; 1Chr 16:35; Jer 5:15; Ezek 4:13 + often Jeremiah Ezekiel, etc.; in simile Ezek 20:32; Ezek 25:8 sometimes || עַם Ps 33:10; Ps 33:12; Isa 11:10; Jer 6:18, see also Isa 2:2; Isa 2:4 compare with Mic 4:1; Mic 4:3.

2. figurative of swarm of locusts Joel 1:6 of all species of beasts Zeph 2:14.

3. גּוֺיִם Gen 14:1; Gen 14:9 probably mutilated proper name see below

BDB1554 H1471

גּוֺיִם proper name, of a people Gen 14:1; Gen 14:9, in phrase תִּדְעָל מֶלֶךְ גּוֺיִם Tid`al king of Goim; probably a Babylonian (Elamitic, etc.) name corrupted; H. Rawlinson proposes Gutî a people northeast of Babylonia COT on Gen 14:1 also KGF^{258 and elsewhere}; compare also Dl^{Pa 233 f}.

גול see גיל.

BDB3195 H2800 H1471

II. חֲר֫שֶׁת proper name, of a location only in combination ׳ח הַגּוֺיִם, „arosheth of the nations (see גּוֺי), Judg 4:2; Judg 4:13; Judg 4:16 perhaps modern el-„arit¾îye, on right bank of lower Kishon, see Thomson^{Land and Book; Central Palestine, 1883, 215 ff.} Bd^{Pal 241} Be Bla Cooke^{Hist. Deb. 3} GASm^{Geog. 393}.

חֲרָשִׁים see חָרָשׁ and גַּיְא; also II. חֶרֶשׁ. above &

nations, heathen, nation, gentiles, people, …

gôy

a foreign nation; hence, a Gentile; also (figuratively) a troop of animals, or a flight of locusts

(n m) nation, people

nation, people

usually of non-Hebrew people

וְ הַשְׁמִ֙יעוּ֙

וְ

Prefix — connector and (sometimes: but, so, then)

הַשְׁמִ֙יעוּ֙

Root word heard, hear, hearken, hearkened, obey, …

Dictionary form: שָׁמַע · shaw-MA

Verb — Hiphil, Imperative, second person masculine plural causative — "he made (someone) do" a command — try "___!" the built-in subject is "you (a group)"

In the KJV here: and publish

hear ×182 heard ×140 hearken ×67 hearkened ×35 and hear ×28 obey ×18 to hear ×18 i have heard ×17

More options

hear — Most natural default; covers auditory perception broadly.

listen — Implies attentiveness; prefer when active attention is stressed.

obey — Use when compliance or submission to a command is in view.

heed — Blends listening and obeying; good for warnings or instructions.

pay attention — Emphatic register; suits solemn or urgent calls to listen.

understand — Use when comprehension, not just audition, is the focus.

BDB8819 H8085

שָׁמַע₁₁₅₉ verb hear (Late Hebrew id.; Phoenician שמע Lzb³⁷⁸; Assyrian šemû; Arabic ; Sabean סמע mostly in derivatives, especially epithet of divinity סמע he who hears Hom^{Chr 124} Fell^{ZMG liv (1900), 250, 252} DHM^{Hofmus. No. 10, 1. 1}; Ethiopic Aramaic שְׁמַע, , Old Aramaic שמע Lzb³⁷⁸; compare also משמעת MI²⁸ obedience); —

Qal₁₀₅₂ Perfect 3 masculine singular ׳שׁ Gen 24:52 +, שָׁמֵ֑עַ Jer 36:13 + 3 t.; 2 feminine singular שָׁמַ֫עַתְּ 1Kgs 1:11 + 2 t.; 3 plural שָׁמֵ֑עוּ Judg 2:17 +, etc.; Imperfect 3 masculine singular יִשְׁמַע Exod 6:30 +, 1 singular cohortative אֶשְׁמְעָה Num 9:8, וָאֶשְׁמְָעָה (on ְָ֯ compare Ges^{«GKC:10h»§ 10h}; Ol^{§ 65 c question} reading) Dan 8:13 2 masculine plural תִּשְׁמְע֔וּן Deut 8:20 +, תִּשְׁמָע֔וּן Deut 1:17, etc.; Imperative masculine singular שְׁמַע Amos 7:16 +, שִׁמְעָךְ Job 32:10 + (especially Psalms), שְׁמָ֨עָךְ֨ Dan 9:19 feminine plural שְׁמַעְנָה Isa 32:9; Jer 9:19, שְׁמַ֫עַן Gen 4:23 (Ges^{«GKC:46f»§ 46f}), etc.; Infinitive absolute שָׁמוֺעַ Isa 6:9 +; construct שְׁמֹעַ 1Sam 15:22 +; suffix שָׁמְעו Deut 29:18 +, שָׁמְעָתוֺ Isa 30:19 (Gen 18:10 + etc.; —

1. subject human person (or thing personified):
a. hear (perceive by ear), accusative of thing, especially קוֺל Gen 3:10 (J) + 46 t., דבר(יםׅ Amos 8:11 + 50 t., etc.; accusative חָכְמָה i.e. wise sayings 1Kgs 5:14 + 4 t.; so any utterance or sound (approximately 150 t. in all) + (object omitted) Deut 4:33 + 32 t. + (temporal clause) 1Sam 14:27 + 6 t.; very rarely with ב, ׳בְּסוֺד י ׳שׁ Job 15:8 with object clause, ׳כִּ Exod 4:31 + 52 t. + Isa 39:1b (read ׳כִּי שׁ ᵐ5 ᵑ7 || 2Kgs 20:12), אֶתאֲֿשֶׁר Josh 2:10; Josh 5:1 (both R^D), מַהֹֿ֯ Judg 7:11 +3 t.; without connect. אֹתָהּ ׳שׁ עָשִׂיתִי 2Kgs 19:25 = Isa 37:26 singular oratio recta [direct speech] Isa 40:28; Zech 8:23.
b. accusative of person + מְדַבֵּר hear one speaking Gen 27:6 (J), Jer 26:7; Dan 8:13, so בֹּכֶה Num 11:10 (J), נִבָּא Jer 20:1 מְקַלְלֶ֑ךָ Eccl 7:21 occas. pears. omitted, דֹּבְרִים Gen 37:17 (JE), אֶתמִֿדַּבֵּר Ezek 2:2; Ezek 43:6 (see דבר Hithpa`el); accusative of person only Dan 12:7.
c. with לֵאמֹר only, hear say = hear it said, 1Sam 13:4; 2Sam 19:3; Deut 13:13; Josh 22:11 (P), 1Kgs 16:16 + עַל person concerning Gen 41:15 (E), Isa 37:9 אֶל person id. 2Kgs 19:9.
d. hear of, concerning: (1) accusative of thing, אֵת(כָּלֿ)אֲשֶׁר Exod 18:1; 2Kgs 19:11 + 5 t., דבר(יםׅ 1Sam 3:11 + 4 t., רָעָה Jer 19:3 + 5 t., etc.; כַּאֲשֶׁר 1Sam 23:11; Ps 48:9, כָּואֹת Isa 66:8 hear of anything like this, כָּאֵלֶּךְ Jer 18:13 accusative, etc., omitted Judg 9:46 + 43 t.; (2) less often accusative of person Job 42:5, אֶל person Ezek 19:4, person omitted Deut 9:2 with ב person hear exultantly of their fate Ps 92:12 (probably imitated from || הִכִּיט בְּ v^a; see especially ראךְ 8 a (6)).
e. hear, absolute, = have power to hear, 2Sam 19:36 (with בְּקוֺל ), Isa 21:3; Isa 32:3; Prov 20:12; Zech 7:11 in simile Ps 38:15 with negative of idols Deut 4:28; Ps 115:6 figurative (spiritual power) Jer 5:21; Deut 29:8; Ezek 12:2; Isa 42:20. — Prov 21:28 is probably corrupt, see Toy. feminine hear with attention, interest, listen to (sometimes || חֶאֱןין), חִקְשִׁיב accusative דבר(יםׅ (54 t.) Amos 4:1 +, especially ׳דבר(י) י Num 12:6 (JE) + 45 t.; אִמְרָה Isa 28:23, קוֺל vIsa 28:23, זאֹת Mic 3:9, etc.; often absolute Judg 5:3 + 57 t., + (negative) Ps 38:14 pay no attention; absolute לֵב שֹׁמֵעַ 1Kgs 3:9, אִישׁ שֹׁטֵעַ Prov 21:28.
g. understand (language), שָׂפָחךְ Gen 11:7 (J), Isa 33:19, לָשׁוֺן Deut 28:49, דְּבָרִין Ezek 3:6, מַהיְּֿדַבֵּר Jer 5:15, no accusative Gen 42:23 (E), 2Kgs 18:26 = Isa 36:11.
h. specif of hearing a (judicial) casre, דָּבָר Deut 1:17, compare vDeut 1:17 accusative omitted בֵּין person vDeut 1:16, of ׳י Judg 11:10 with מִשְׁפָּט 1Kgs 3:11 הִטּוֺב וְהָרֵע ׳לשׁ 2Sam 14:17, וְשֹׁמֵע אֵין לְךָ 2Sam 15:3, compare Job 31:35.
i. with accusative of person in polite address, hear us (me)! Gen 23:6; Gen 23:8; Gen 23:11; Gen 23:13; Gen 23:15 (all P), 1Chr 28:2; 2Chr 13:4; 2Chr 15:2; 2Chr 20:20
j. listen, give heed (sometimes || הִקְשִׁיב), absolute, Gen 42:21 (E) + 18: t., + (usually || הִטָּה אֹ׃ון), Jer 7:13 + 14 t. Jeremiah, + (opposed to חָדַל) Ezek 2:5 + 3 t. Ezekiel; + שִׂים עַללֵֿב Mal 2:2 hear + do Deut 5:24; 2Kgs 18:12, etc.; = consent, agree, Gen 37:27 (J), grant request Judg 11:17 with ל person (mostly late) Judg 19:25; 1Sam 30:24; Job 15:17 + 16 t., ׳לי Hos 9:17; Lev 26:14; Lev 26:18; Lev 26:21; Lev 26:27 ׳לְדִבְרֵי י 1Sam 15:1, לְעֵצָה Prov 12:15.
k. with אֶל person + listen to, yield to Gen 49:2; Judg 2:17 + 69 t. (׳אֶליֿ 15 t., especially Jer 7:26 + 10 t. Jeremiah), עַל person 2Kgs 20:13 אֶלדִּֿבְרֵי etc., Deut 18:19; Jer 29:10 + 14 t., עַלדִּֿבְרֵי etc., 2Kgs 22:13 + 3 t.; very rarely accusative of thing 1Sam 24:10 (Gi v.1Sam 24:9).

1. לְקוֺל ׳שׁ = id., obey, Gen 3:17 (J) + 11 t. + (׳לְקוֺל י) Judg 2:20; Exod 15:26 (JE). masculine very often, בְּקוֺל ׳שׁ = obey 1Sam 8:7 + 25 t., + ׳שׁ ׳בְּקוֺל י (׳י's word, etc.) Deut 4:30; Jer 3:13 + 65 t. (Deut 18 t., Jer 18 t.). noun obey, with accusative דבר(יםׅ Josh 1:18 + 2 t. + (׳י ׳ד) Jer 11:3 + 5 t. Jeremiah; 1Kgs 12:24 = 2Chr 11:4, etc.; accusative of person Exod 6:12 (P), 2Chr 28:11.
o. absolutebe obedient (especially to ׳י) Isa 1:19; Mic 5:14; Jer 12:17 + 4 t. Jeremiah + 7 t.

2. ׳י (God) subject:
a. accusative קוֺל, דברים, etc., Gen 21:17 (E), 2Kgs 19:4 (twice in verse); 2Kgs 19:16, usually with favour implied Num 20:16; Deut 33:7 +, so especially accusative תְּפִלָּה, תְּחנָּה, etc., 1Kgs 8:45; Ps 6:10 +.
b. object clause כִּי Gen 29:33 (J).
c. no object (32 t.) Isa 59:2; Jer 22:21, usually hear and foregive, help, etc 1Kgs 8:30; 1Kgs 8:32; Isa 30:19 +; hear be angry Ps 78:59, compare Ps 55:20.
d. = be able to hear Isa 59:1; Ps 94:9.
e. בְּקוֺל ׳שׁ = hear (and grant) Gen 30:6 (J) + 6 t. femininehear and answer, with אֶל of city, etc., Gen 21:7; Gen 16:11; 1Kgs 8:28 + 8 t.; with אֶל person Deut 3:36 + 12 t.
g. with לְ of utterance Jer 18:19; Ps 61:6 ל person Josh 24:10 (E).
h. hear, accusative of person + מִתְנוֺדֵד Jer 31:18 favourably, with accusative of person Mic 7:7 + 3 t., so, + ל concerning, Gen 17:20 (P); object omitted 2Kgs 22:19; Ps 22:23 + 3 t. + Ps 34:7; Ps 34:18 (hear and deliver); with temporal clause Jer 11:14 Niph`al₄₂ Perfect 3 masculine singular נִשְׁמַע Gen 45:16 +, etc; Imperfect 3 masculine singular יִשָּׁמַע Exod 23:13 +, יִשָּׁמֵ֑עַ 1Sam 1:13, etc.; Infinitive construct הִשָּׁמַל Esth 2:8 Participle feminine נִשְׁמַ֫עַת Jer 51:46, etc.; —

1. be heard, of voice, sound, etc., 1Sam 1:13; 1Kgs 6:7; Job 26:14 (or 1 plural Qal Imperfect?); of a resort, ֗֗֗ לֵאמֹר ׳נִשׁ Gen 45:16 (E); subject clause, ׳כִּ, Neh 6:1 (ל person), compare clauseוְהַיְהוּדִים חשְׁבִים Neh 6:6 vNeh 6:7 be reported, כַּדְּבָרִיס הָאֵלֶּה (לַמֶּלֶחׅ); be heard, לִפְנֵי אֱםהֶיךָ Dan 10:12.

2. be heard of, כָּמֹהוּ Deut 4:32.

3. be regarded, obeyed, Eccl 9:17 in 2Sam 22:45 = Ps 18:45 it is be obedient (לִיׅ, si vera lectio (read perhaps Qal. compare Now).

4. בְּקוֺלָם ׳וַיִישּׁ 2Chr 30:27 = (favourable) hearing was granted to their voice Pi`el Imperfect 3 masculine singular וַיְשַׁמַּע 1Sam 15:4 he caused the people (accusative) to hear and respond, i.e. he assembled them), so 1Sam 23:8 (see Hiph`il 1 c). Hiph`il₆₃ Perfect 3 masculine singular הִשְׁמִיעַ 1Kgs 15:22 +, etc.; Imperfect 3 masculine singular suffix יַשְׁמִעֵנִי Deut 30:12; Deut 30:13 2 masculine singular jussive תַּשְׁמַע Judg 18:23, etc.; Imperative masculine singular suffix הִשְׁמִיעֵנִי Ps 143:8 feminine singular suffix הַשְׁמִיעִנִי Song 2:14; Song 8:13, etc.; Infinitive construct לַשְׁמִעַ Ps 26:7 (Ges^{«GKC:53q»§ 53q}); Participle מַשְׁמִיעַ Jer 4:15 +, etc.; —

1. of man:
a. cause to hear accusative of person + of thing Deut 30:12; Deut 30:13; Song 2:14; Song 8:13 + 4 t.; object of thing omitted (= make proclamation to) 1Kgs 15:22 object person omitted Jer 5:20 +; accusative שָׁלוֺם Isa 52:7; Nah 2:1 i.e. proclaimpeace; אָוֶֺן Jer 4:15 (מִן local); קוֺל ׳הַשׁ utter a sound Josh 6:10 (J; || הֵרִיעַ), compare Judg 18:25 (קוֺלְךָ, + עִמָּנוּ), Isa 42:2; Isa 58:4 קוֺל תְּהִלָּתוֺ ׳הִשׁ Ps 66:8 בְּקוֺל תּוֺדָה Ps 26:7.
b. absolute as musical term, sound aloud, בִּמְצִלְתַּיִם לְהִשְׁמִיעַ 1Chr 15:19 (perhaps to mark the time, Gr^{Ps 67} De compare 1Chr 16:5 also Ps 150:5 בְּצִלְצְלֵי שָׁ֑מַע), מַשְׁמִיעִים 1Chr 15:16; 1Chr 15:28; 1Chr 16:42, קוֺל אֶחָד ׳לְהַשׁ 2Chr 5:13 i.e. probably in unison (Prince^{EB iii, 3241}), Neh 12:42.
c. absolute make proclamation (often || הִגִּיד), Amos 3:9; Amos 4:5; Isa 41:26; Jer 4:5 + 6 t. Jeremiah
d. הַשְׁמִיעוּ, accusative of person + אֶל location = summon Jer 50:29, עַל location Jer 51:27 (compare Pi`el).

2. ׳י subject:
a. cause to hear, accusative of person and thing Deut 4:10; Deut 4:36 (מִן local), 2Kgs 7:6 + 4 t.; accusative of person omitted Isa 30:30 + 3 t.; accusative of thing omitted Isa 44:8; Isa 48:5.
b. = tell, accusative of person + כָּזאֹת Judg 13:23 accusative of person only, Isa 42:9 accusative of thing only, Isa 48:3; Ezek 36:15 (אֵלַיִךְ).
c. absolute, make proclamation Isa 43:12; Isa 62:11 (אֶל location).

BDB9967 H8085 H8086

שְׁמַע verb hear (see Biblical Hebrew); —

Pe`al Perfect 3 masculine singular ׳שׁ Dan 6:15 1 singular שִׁמְעֵת Dan 5:14; Dan 5:16 Imperfect 3 masculine singular יִשְׁמַע Dan 3:10, 2 m. pl. תִּשְׁמְעוּן Dan 3:5; Dan 3:15 Participle active שָֽׁמְעִין Dan 3:7; Dan 5:23 — hear: = have sense of hearing Dan 5:23 with accusative of sound Dan 3:5; Dan 3:7; Dan 3:10; Dan 3:15, word Dan 6:15 with clause דִּי + עַל person concerning, Dan 5:14; Dan 5:16. Hithpe`el shew oneself obedient: Imperfect 3 masculine plural יִשְׁתַּמְעוּן Dan 7:27, with ל person (probably).

heard, hear, hearken, hearkened, obey, …

šāmaʿ

to hear intelligently (often with implication of attention, obedience, etc.; causatively, to tell, etc.)

(v) to hear, listen to, obey

(Qal)

to hear (perceive by ear)

to consent, agree

to be heard (of voice or sound)

to cause to hear, tell, proclaim, utter a sound

וּֽ שְׂאוּ

וּֽ

Prefix — connector and (sometimes: but, so, then)

שְׂאוּ

Root word up, bear, take, bare, away, …

Dictionary form: נָשָׂא · naw-SAW

Verb — Qal, Imperative, second person masculine plural simple action — "he did" a command — try "___!" the built-in subject is "you (a group)"

In the KJV here: and set up

lift up ×27 and lifted up ×18 lifted up ×18 that bare ×15 take ×14 shall bear ×12 to bear ×12 bear ×11

More options

lift — Most common sense; raising something physically or figuratively.

carry — Preferred when sustained bearing or transport is in view.

bear — Broad: carry a load, bear guilt/sin, or endure.

take — Use when the motion of taking or receiving is primary.

forgive — Idiomatic for 'lifting' sin or guilt; theological contexts.

exalt — Figurative lifting of status or honor; elevated register.

BDB9721 H5375 H5376

נְשָׂא verb lift, take, carry (compare Biblical Hebrew; rare in Aramaic; see נְסִי, נְסָא ChWB, NHWB); —

Pe`al Perfect 3 masculine singular ׳נ Dan 2:35 carry away (of wind, with accusative of thing); Imperative masculine singular שֵׂא Ezra 5:15 take (accusative vessels). Hithpa. make a rising, an insurrection: Participle feminine singular מִתְנַשְּׂאָה Ezra 4:19, עַל person

נְשֵׁיהוֺן see [נָשִׁין] below II. אנשׁ.

up, bear, take, bare, away, …

nāśāʾ

to lift, in a great variety of applications, literal and figurative, absolute and relative

to lift, bear up, carry, take

(Qal)

to lift, lift up

to be lifted up, be exalted

to lift up, exalt, support, aid, assist

to cause one to bear (iniquity)

נֵ֔ס

Root word standard, ensign, pole, sail, banner, …

Dictionary form: נֵס · nase

Noun — Common, masculine singular, absolute state

In the KJV here: a standard

a standard ×3 an ensign ×3 the standard ×3 a banner ×2 a pole ×2 a sign ×1 and as an ensign ×1 for an ensign ×1

More options

banner — Modernized KJV form; vivid, widely understood in context.

signal pole — Emphasizes the tall, raised function for rallying people.

standard — Military/ceremonial register; suits battle or tribal contexts.

flag — Most accessible modern term; best for general audiences.

ensign — Nautical or heraldic tone; retain when dignity is paramount.

rallying sign — Functional gloss; good when the gathering purpose is central.

BDB5242 H5251 H3071

נֵס noun [masculine] standard, ensign, signal, sign (Late Hebrew id., flag, usually sign, i.e. miracle; ᵑ7 נֵס, נִסָּא sign, miracle); — ׳נ absolute Num 21:8 +; construct Isa 11:10 suffix נִסִּי Exod 17:15; Isa 49:22 —

1. a. standard, as rallying-point, נִסִּי ׳י Exod 17:15 (E), ׳י my standard (name of altar); conspicuously set on hill Isa 30:17 (simile of solitariness; || תֹּרֶן עַלרֿאֹשׁ הָהָר); signal of war [see Schumacher^{ZPV ix. 232, Across the Jordan, 104 f.}] (especially to the nations, for destruction or deliverance of Judah, Isaiah Jeremiah), לַגּוֺיִם ׳נָשָׂא נ Isa 5:26; Isa 11:12 compare Isa 18:3 (on mountains, || תָּקַע שׁוֺפָר); אֶלעַֿמִּים ׳אָרִים נ Isa 49:22 (|| אֶשָּׂא אֶלגּֿוֺיִם יָדִי), — in all these subject ׳י; compare עֹמֵד לְנֵס עַמִּים Isa 10:11 (of Messianic king); ׳שְׂאוּ נ Isa 13:2 (on mountain), Jer 50:2; Jer 51:12 (with אֶלֿ against), vJer 51:27 (|| תִּקְעוּ שׁוֺפָר בַּגּוֺיִם), עַלעַֿמִּים ׳הָרִימוּ נ Isa 62:10, compare Jer 4:21 (|| קוֺל שׁוֺפָר); לְהִתְנוֺסֵס ׳נָתַתָּהנ֗֗֗ Ps 60:6 thou hast set a standard (only) for fleeing.
b. signal, צִיּ֫וֺנָה ׳שְׂאוּ נ Jer 4:6 (i.e. to direct refugees to Zion).

2. standard, as pole, supporting serpent of bronze Num 21:8; Num 21:9 (JE).

3. a. ensign, signal, שֵׁשׁמִ֗֗֗מִּצְרַיִם הָיָה מִפְרָשֵׁךְ לִהְיוֺת לָךְ לְנֵס Ezek 27:7 byssus from Egypt was thy sail, to serve thee for an ensign (so DaToy; on lack of pennon on ancient ships see Co; > strike out Co Berthol); so
b. (since sails were the only ensign) = sail Isa 33:23 (Che Di and others; > pennon Ges Hi Ew De Du).

4. sign (compare Late Hebrew) = warning Num 26:10 (P).

standard, ensign, pole, sail, banner, …

nēs

a flag; also a sail; by implication, a flagstaff; generally a signal; figuratively, a token

something lifted up, standard, signal, signal pole, ensign, banner, sign, sail

standard (as rallying point), signal

הַשְׁמִ֖יעוּ

Root word heard, hear, hearken, hearkened, obey, …

Dictionary form: שָׁמַע · shaw-MA

Verb — Hiphil, Imperative, second person masculine plural causative — "he made (someone) do" a command — try "___!" the built-in subject is "you (a group)"

In the KJV here: publish

hear ×182 heard ×140 hearken ×67 hearkened ×35 and hear ×28 obey ×18 to hear ×18 i have heard ×17

More options

hear — Most natural default; covers auditory perception broadly.

listen — Implies attentiveness; prefer when active attention is stressed.

obey — Use when compliance or submission to a command is in view.

heed — Blends listening and obeying; good for warnings or instructions.

pay attention — Emphatic register; suits solemn or urgent calls to listen.

understand — Use when comprehension, not just audition, is the focus.

BDB8819 H8085

שָׁמַע₁₁₅₉ verb hear (Late Hebrew id.; Phoenician שמע Lzb³⁷⁸; Assyrian šemû; Arabic ; Sabean סמע mostly in derivatives, especially epithet of divinity סמע he who hears Hom^{Chr 124} Fell^{ZMG liv (1900), 250, 252} DHM^{Hofmus. No. 10, 1. 1}; Ethiopic Aramaic שְׁמַע, , Old Aramaic שמע Lzb³⁷⁸; compare also משמעת MI²⁸ obedience); —

Qal₁₀₅₂ Perfect 3 masculine singular ׳שׁ Gen 24:52 +, שָׁמֵ֑עַ Jer 36:13 + 3 t.; 2 feminine singular שָׁמַ֫עַתְּ 1Kgs 1:11 + 2 t.; 3 plural שָׁמֵ֑עוּ Judg 2:17 +, etc.; Imperfect 3 masculine singular יִשְׁמַע Exod 6:30 +, 1 singular cohortative אֶשְׁמְעָה Num 9:8, וָאֶשְׁמְָעָה (on ְָ֯ compare Ges^{«GKC:10h»§ 10h}; Ol^{§ 65 c question} reading) Dan 8:13 2 masculine plural תִּשְׁמְע֔וּן Deut 8:20 +, תִּשְׁמָע֔וּן Deut 1:17, etc.; Imperative masculine singular שְׁמַע Amos 7:16 +, שִׁמְעָךְ Job 32:10 + (especially Psalms), שְׁמָ֨עָךְ֨ Dan 9:19 feminine plural שְׁמַעְנָה Isa 32:9; Jer 9:19, שְׁמַ֫עַן Gen 4:23 (Ges^{«GKC:46f»§ 46f}), etc.; Infinitive absolute שָׁמוֺעַ Isa 6:9 +; construct שְׁמֹעַ 1Sam 15:22 +; suffix שָׁמְעו Deut 29:18 +, שָׁמְעָתוֺ Isa 30:19 (Gen 18:10 + etc.; —

1. subject human person (or thing personified):
a. hear (perceive by ear), accusative of thing, especially קוֺל Gen 3:10 (J) + 46 t., דבר(יםׅ Amos 8:11 + 50 t., etc.; accusative חָכְמָה i.e. wise sayings 1Kgs 5:14 + 4 t.; so any utterance or sound (approximately 150 t. in all) + (object omitted) Deut 4:33 + 32 t. + (temporal clause) 1Sam 14:27 + 6 t.; very rarely with ב, ׳בְּסוֺד י ׳שׁ Job 15:8 with object clause, ׳כִּ Exod 4:31 + 52 t. + Isa 39:1b (read ׳כִּי שׁ ᵐ5 ᵑ7 || 2Kgs 20:12), אֶתאֲֿשֶׁר Josh 2:10; Josh 5:1 (both R^D), מַהֹֿ֯ Judg 7:11 +3 t.; without connect. אֹתָהּ ׳שׁ עָשִׂיתִי 2Kgs 19:25 = Isa 37:26 singular oratio recta [direct speech] Isa 40:28; Zech 8:23.
b. accusative of person + מְדַבֵּר hear one speaking Gen 27:6 (J), Jer 26:7; Dan 8:13, so בֹּכֶה Num 11:10 (J), נִבָּא Jer 20:1 מְקַלְלֶ֑ךָ Eccl 7:21 occas. pears. omitted, דֹּבְרִים Gen 37:17 (JE), אֶתמִֿדַּבֵּר Ezek 2:2; Ezek 43:6 (see דבר Hithpa`el); accusative of person only Dan 12:7.
c. with לֵאמֹר only, hear say = hear it said, 1Sam 13:4; 2Sam 19:3; Deut 13:13; Josh 22:11 (P), 1Kgs 16:16 + עַל person concerning Gen 41:15 (E), Isa 37:9 אֶל person id. 2Kgs 19:9.
d. hear of, concerning: (1) accusative of thing, אֵת(כָּלֿ)אֲשֶׁר Exod 18:1; 2Kgs 19:11 + 5 t., דבר(יםׅ 1Sam 3:11 + 4 t., רָעָה Jer 19:3 + 5 t., etc.; כַּאֲשֶׁר 1Sam 23:11; Ps 48:9, כָּואֹת Isa 66:8 hear of anything like this, כָּאֵלֶּךְ Jer 18:13 accusative, etc., omitted Judg 9:46 + 43 t.; (2) less often accusative of person Job 42:5, אֶל person Ezek 19:4, person omitted Deut 9:2 with ב person hear exultantly of their fate Ps 92:12 (probably imitated from || הִכִּיט בְּ v^a; see especially ראךְ 8 a (6)).
e. hear, absolute, = have power to hear, 2Sam 19:36 (with בְּקוֺל ), Isa 21:3; Isa 32:3; Prov 20:12; Zech 7:11 in simile Ps 38:15 with negative of idols Deut 4:28; Ps 115:6 figurative (spiritual power) Jer 5:21; Deut 29:8; Ezek 12:2; Isa 42:20. — Prov 21:28 is probably corrupt, see Toy. feminine hear with attention, interest, listen to (sometimes || חֶאֱןין), חִקְשִׁיב accusative דבר(יםׅ (54 t.) Amos 4:1 +, especially ׳דבר(י) י Num 12:6 (JE) + 45 t.; אִמְרָה Isa 28:23, קוֺל vIsa 28:23, זאֹת Mic 3:9, etc.; often absolute Judg 5:3 + 57 t., + (negative) Ps 38:14 pay no attention; absolute לֵב שֹׁמֵעַ 1Kgs 3:9, אִישׁ שֹׁטֵעַ Prov 21:28.
g. understand (language), שָׂפָחךְ Gen 11:7 (J), Isa 33:19, לָשׁוֺן Deut 28:49, דְּבָרִין Ezek 3:6, מַהיְּֿדַבֵּר Jer 5:15, no accusative Gen 42:23 (E), 2Kgs 18:26 = Isa 36:11.
h. specif of hearing a (judicial) casre, דָּבָר Deut 1:17, compare vDeut 1:17 accusative omitted בֵּין person vDeut 1:16, of ׳י Judg 11:10 with מִשְׁפָּט 1Kgs 3:11 הִטּוֺב וְהָרֵע ׳לשׁ 2Sam 14:17, וְשֹׁמֵע אֵין לְךָ 2Sam 15:3, compare Job 31:35.
i. with accusative of person in polite address, hear us (me)! Gen 23:6; Gen 23:8; Gen 23:11; Gen 23:13; Gen 23:15 (all P), 1Chr 28:2; 2Chr 13:4; 2Chr 15:2; 2Chr 20:20
j. listen, give heed (sometimes || הִקְשִׁיב), absolute, Gen 42:21 (E) + 18: t., + (usually || הִטָּה אֹ׃ון), Jer 7:13 + 14 t. Jeremiah, + (opposed to חָדַל) Ezek 2:5 + 3 t. Ezekiel; + שִׂים עַללֵֿב Mal 2:2 hear + do Deut 5:24; 2Kgs 18:12, etc.; = consent, agree, Gen 37:27 (J), grant request Judg 11:17 with ל person (mostly late) Judg 19:25; 1Sam 30:24; Job 15:17 + 16 t., ׳לי Hos 9:17; Lev 26:14; Lev 26:18; Lev 26:21; Lev 26:27 ׳לְדִבְרֵי י 1Sam 15:1, לְעֵצָה Prov 12:15.
k. with אֶל person + listen to, yield to Gen 49:2; Judg 2:17 + 69 t. (׳אֶליֿ 15 t., especially Jer 7:26 + 10 t. Jeremiah), עַל person 2Kgs 20:13 אֶלדִּֿבְרֵי etc., Deut 18:19; Jer 29:10 + 14 t., עַלדִּֿבְרֵי etc., 2Kgs 22:13 + 3 t.; very rarely accusative of thing 1Sam 24:10 (Gi v.1Sam 24:9).

1. לְקוֺל ׳שׁ = id., obey, Gen 3:17 (J) + 11 t. + (׳לְקוֺל י) Judg 2:20; Exod 15:26 (JE). masculine very often, בְּקוֺל ׳שׁ = obey 1Sam 8:7 + 25 t., + ׳שׁ ׳בְּקוֺל י (׳י's word, etc.) Deut 4:30; Jer 3:13 + 65 t. (Deut 18 t., Jer 18 t.). noun obey, with accusative דבר(יםׅ Josh 1:18 + 2 t. + (׳י ׳ד) Jer 11:3 + 5 t. Jeremiah; 1Kgs 12:24 = 2Chr 11:4, etc.; accusative of person Exod 6:12 (P), 2Chr 28:11.
o. absolutebe obedient (especially to ׳י) Isa 1:19; Mic 5:14; Jer 12:17 + 4 t. Jeremiah + 7 t.

2. ׳י (God) subject:
a. accusative קוֺל, דברים, etc., Gen 21:17 (E), 2Kgs 19:4 (twice in verse); 2Kgs 19:16, usually with favour implied Num 20:16; Deut 33:7 +, so especially accusative תְּפִלָּה, תְּחנָּה, etc., 1Kgs 8:45; Ps 6:10 +.
b. object clause כִּי Gen 29:33 (J).
c. no object (32 t.) Isa 59:2; Jer 22:21, usually hear and foregive, help, etc 1Kgs 8:30; 1Kgs 8:32; Isa 30:19 +; hear be angry Ps 78:59, compare Ps 55:20.
d. = be able to hear Isa 59:1; Ps 94:9.
e. בְּקוֺל ׳שׁ = hear (and grant) Gen 30:6 (J) + 6 t. femininehear and answer, with אֶל of city, etc., Gen 21:7; Gen 16:11; 1Kgs 8:28 + 8 t.; with אֶל person Deut 3:36 + 12 t.
g. with לְ of utterance Jer 18:19; Ps 61:6 ל person Josh 24:10 (E).
h. hear, accusative of person + מִתְנוֺדֵד Jer 31:18 favourably, with accusative of person Mic 7:7 + 3 t., so, + ל concerning, Gen 17:20 (P); object omitted 2Kgs 22:19; Ps 22:23 + 3 t. + Ps 34:7; Ps 34:18 (hear and deliver); with temporal clause Jer 11:14 Niph`al₄₂ Perfect 3 masculine singular נִשְׁמַע Gen 45:16 +, etc; Imperfect 3 masculine singular יִשָּׁמַע Exod 23:13 +, יִשָּׁמֵ֑עַ 1Sam 1:13, etc.; Infinitive construct הִשָּׁמַל Esth 2:8 Participle feminine נִשְׁמַ֫עַת Jer 51:46, etc.; —

1. be heard, of voice, sound, etc., 1Sam 1:13; 1Kgs 6:7; Job 26:14 (or 1 plural Qal Imperfect?); of a resort, ֗֗֗ לֵאמֹר ׳נִשׁ Gen 45:16 (E); subject clause, ׳כִּ, Neh 6:1 (ל person), compare clauseוְהַיְהוּדִים חשְׁבִים Neh 6:6 vNeh 6:7 be reported, כַּדְּבָרִיס הָאֵלֶּה (לַמֶּלֶחׅ); be heard, לִפְנֵי אֱםהֶיךָ Dan 10:12.

2. be heard of, כָּמֹהוּ Deut 4:32.

3. be regarded, obeyed, Eccl 9:17 in 2Sam 22:45 = Ps 18:45 it is be obedient (לִיׅ, si vera lectio (read perhaps Qal. compare Now).

4. בְּקוֺלָם ׳וַיִישּׁ 2Chr 30:27 = (favourable) hearing was granted to their voice Pi`el Imperfect 3 masculine singular וַיְשַׁמַּע 1Sam 15:4 he caused the people (accusative) to hear and respond, i.e. he assembled them), so 1Sam 23:8 (see Hiph`il 1 c). Hiph`il₆₃ Perfect 3 masculine singular הִשְׁמִיעַ 1Kgs 15:22 +, etc.; Imperfect 3 masculine singular suffix יַשְׁמִעֵנִי Deut 30:12; Deut 30:13 2 masculine singular jussive תַּשְׁמַע Judg 18:23, etc.; Imperative masculine singular suffix הִשְׁמִיעֵנִי Ps 143:8 feminine singular suffix הַשְׁמִיעִנִי Song 2:14; Song 8:13, etc.; Infinitive construct לַשְׁמִעַ Ps 26:7 (Ges^{«GKC:53q»§ 53q}); Participle מַשְׁמִיעַ Jer 4:15 +, etc.; —

1. of man:
a. cause to hear accusative of person + of thing Deut 30:12; Deut 30:13; Song 2:14; Song 8:13 + 4 t.; object of thing omitted (= make proclamation to) 1Kgs 15:22 object person omitted Jer 5:20 +; accusative שָׁלוֺם Isa 52:7; Nah 2:1 i.e. proclaimpeace; אָוֶֺן Jer 4:15 (מִן local); קוֺל ׳הַשׁ utter a sound Josh 6:10 (J; || הֵרִיעַ), compare Judg 18:25 (קוֺלְךָ, + עִמָּנוּ), Isa 42:2; Isa 58:4 קוֺל תְּהִלָּתוֺ ׳הִשׁ Ps 66:8 בְּקוֺל תּוֺדָה Ps 26:7.
b. absolute as musical term, sound aloud, בִּמְצִלְתַּיִם לְהִשְׁמִיעַ 1Chr 15:19 (perhaps to mark the time, Gr^{Ps 67} De compare 1Chr 16:5 also Ps 150:5 בְּצִלְצְלֵי שָׁ֑מַע), מַשְׁמִיעִים 1Chr 15:16; 1Chr 15:28; 1Chr 16:42, קוֺל אֶחָד ׳לְהַשׁ 2Chr 5:13 i.e. probably in unison (Prince^{EB iii, 3241}), Neh 12:42.
c. absolute make proclamation (often || הִגִּיד), Amos 3:9; Amos 4:5; Isa 41:26; Jer 4:5 + 6 t. Jeremiah
d. הַשְׁמִיעוּ, accusative of person + אֶל location = summon Jer 50:29, עַל location Jer 51:27 (compare Pi`el).

2. ׳י subject:
a. cause to hear, accusative of person and thing Deut 4:10; Deut 4:36 (מִן local), 2Kgs 7:6 + 4 t.; accusative of person omitted Isa 30:30 + 3 t.; accusative of thing omitted Isa 44:8; Isa 48:5.
b. = tell, accusative of person + כָּזאֹת Judg 13:23 accusative of person only, Isa 42:9 accusative of thing only, Isa 48:3; Ezek 36:15 (אֵלַיִךְ).
c. absolute, make proclamation Isa 43:12; Isa 62:11 (אֶל location).

BDB9967 H8085 H8086

שְׁמַע verb hear (see Biblical Hebrew); —

Pe`al Perfect 3 masculine singular ׳שׁ Dan 6:15 1 singular שִׁמְעֵת Dan 5:14; Dan 5:16 Imperfect 3 masculine singular יִשְׁמַע Dan 3:10, 2 m. pl. תִּשְׁמְעוּן Dan 3:5; Dan 3:15 Participle active שָֽׁמְעִין Dan 3:7; Dan 5:23 — hear: = have sense of hearing Dan 5:23 with accusative of sound Dan 3:5; Dan 3:7; Dan 3:10; Dan 3:15, word Dan 6:15 with clause דִּי + עַל person concerning, Dan 5:14; Dan 5:16. Hithpe`el shew oneself obedient: Imperfect 3 masculine plural יִשְׁתַּמְעוּן Dan 7:27, with ל person (probably).

heard, hear, hearken, hearkened, obey, …

šāmaʿ

to hear intelligently (often with implication of attention, obedience, etc.; causatively, to tell, etc.)

(v) to hear, listen to, obey

(Qal)

to hear (perceive by ear)

to consent, agree

to be heard (of voice or sound)

to cause to hear, tell, proclaim, utter a sound

אַל

Particle not

Dictionary form: אַל · al

Particle — Negative

In the KJV here: not

not ×238 neither ×59 let not ×44 be not ×26 nor ×23 ye not ×18 no ×17 me not ×15

More options

do not — Most natural modern negative imperative; broadly applicable.

never — Use when the prohibition carries a sense of absolute refusal.

nor — Coordinating negative; links parallel prohibitions or negations.

no — Emphatic short-form negative; fits exclamatory or abrupt contexts.

and do not — Connects a negative command to a preceding clause smoothly.

must not — Stronger deontic force; stresses obligation to refrain.

BDB419 H408

II. אַל adverb of negation (so Phoenician e.g. CIS^{i.^3,4.5.8}, Biblical Aramaic, Sabean (DHM^{ZMG 1875, 596}), and in the Ethiopic albo, is not), denying however, not objectively as a fact (like לֹא οὐ), but subjectively as a wish (like μή), expressing therefore a deprecation or prohibition:
a.
(a) with a verb, which is then always an imperfect (never an imperative), by preference in the cohortative or jussive mood, where this is in use, and may be of any person or number; Gen 15:1 and often אַלתִּֿירָא fear not! Gen 22:12 אַלתִּֿשְׁלַח יָָֽדְךָ put not forth thy hand, Gen 37:27 וְיָדֵנוּ אַלתְּֿהִיבֿוֺ and let not our hand be upon him, Gen 21:16 אַלאֶֿרְאֶה let me not look upon the death of the lad! Ps 25:2 אַלאֵֿבוֺשָׁה let me not be ashamed; with 1 plural (rare) 2Sam 13:25; Jer 18:18; Jonah 1:14. In an imprecation: Gen 49:4 אַלתּֿוֺתַר have not thou the excellency! Ps 109:12; Job 3:4; Job 3:6. Sometimes strengthened by נָא : Gen 13:8; Gen 18:3 and elsewhere
(b) without a verb, (α) 2Sam 1:21 let (there be) not dew & not rain upon you! Isa 62:6; Ps 83:1. (β) used absolutely, in deprecation Gen 19:18; 2Sam 13:16 (see below אוֺדָה) 2Kgs 3:13; 2Kgs 4:16; 2Kgs 6:27 (see RVm: but possibly to be explained by Dr^{§ 152 iii}; so Th Ke: hardly as Ew^{§ 355 b}) Ruth 1:13 אַל בְּנֹתַי Nay, my daughters, compare Judg 19:23 (γ) after a preceding imperative Amos 5:14; Joel 2:13; Prov 8:10, a jussive Prov 27:2, an infinitive absolute Prov 27:2. (χ) in poetry אַל sometimes expresses vividly the emotion or sympathy of the poet (see Dr^{§ 56-8}); Isa 2:9 וְאַלתִּֿשָּׂא לָהֶם and forgive them not! (with a touch of passion), Ps 41:3; Prov 3:25; Job 5:22; Ps 34:6 (but ᵐ5 ᵑ6 Ew Che here read וּפְנֵיכֶם, probably rightly); Ps 50:3 a may our God come וְאַלֿ יֶ֫חֱשָרשׁ and not be silent! (the psalmist identifying himself with a spectator of the scene vPs 50:2; Ps 50:3 b-c) Ps 121:3 (contrast vPs 121:4 לֹא) Jer 46:6 +.
b. once Prov 12:28 joined closely to a substantive (compare לֹא 2 b) to express with emphasis its negation: In the way of righteousness is life, and in the pathway therecf אַלמָֿוֶת there is no-death! i.e. immortality.
c. once Job 24:25 used in poetry as a substantive, And bring my words לְאַל to nought! —

N.B. 1Sam 27:10 אַלפְּֿשַׁטְתֶּם הַיּוֺם, אַל with the perfect is against all analogy; and either אֶלמִֿי (with ᵐ5. ᵑ9), or better אָן whither? (with ᵑ6 ᵑ7 : see 1Sam 10:14) must be read.

BDB9298 H409 H408

אַל adverb of prohibition, do not . . ., let not . . ., followed by imperfect ( = Biblical Hebrew I. אַל; Zenjirli אל (Had^{22. 23. 29}) Cooke^{160 f.}; compare Pahlavi (Nö^{GGA, 1884, 1016}); not ᵑ7 Syriac); — Dan 2:24 אַלֹתְּֿהוֺבֵד, Dan 4:16; Dan 5:10.

not, neither, no, nor, nay, …

ʾal

not (the qualified negation, used as a deprecative); once (Job 24:25) as a noun, nothing

not, no, nor, neither, nothing (as wish or preference)

do not, let not (with a verb)

תְּכַחֵ֑דוּ

Root word hide, off, hid, conceal, concealed, …

Dictionary form: כָּחַד · kaw-HAHD

Verb — Piel, Jussive, second person masculine plural intensive — "he really / thoroughly did" a wish or command — try "let him ___" the built-in subject is "you (a group)"

In the KJV here: and conceal

hide ×7 hid ×5 concealed ×2 also i cut off ×1 and conceal ×1 and hid ×1 and i will cut them off ×1 and let us cut them off ×1

More options

conceal — Most versatile modern choice; suits deliberate hiding of information.

hide — Direct, everyday English; good for physical or metaphorical concealment.

keep secret — Emphasizes intentional withholding; natural in speech contexts.

cut off — Reflects destruction/elimination sense; prefer in judgment passages.

suppress — Strong register; suits hiding truth or evidence from someone.

destroy — Captures the 'desolate/cut down' nuance in poetic or prophetic texts.

BDB3988 H3582

[כָּחַד] verb not in Qal; Pi`el Hiph`il hide, efface; Niph`al (usually) passive (Aramaic אתכחדו be effaced Job 4:7 is revere, Participle venerable, Pa`el put to shame, Ethpa`al be ashamed; Ethiopic deny, apostatize) —

Niph`al Perfect 3 masculine singular נִכְחַד Hos 5:3 + 2 t.; 3 plural נִכְחָ֑דוּ Job 4:7; Ps 69:6 Imperfect 3 masculine singular יִכָּחֵד 2Sam 18:13, etc.; Participle נִכְחֶדֶת Zech 11:9 plural נִכְחָדוֺת Zech 11:16; Job 15:28 —

1. be hidden, followed by מִן person, 2Sam 18:13; Hos 5:3; Ps 69:6; Ps 139:15.

2. be effected, destroyed Zech 11:9; Job 4:7; Job 15:28 (עָרִים נִכְחְדוֺת), Job 22:20, followed by מִןֿ הָאָרֶץ Exod 9:15 (J); Participle intransitive of incomplete process = going to ruin Zech 11:9; Zech 11:16. Pi`el Perfect כִּחֵד 1Sam 3:18 1 singular כִּחַדְתִּי Job 6:10; Ps 40:11 3 plural כִּחֲדוּ Job 15:18 כִּחֵ֑דוּ Isa 3:9 Imperfect 2 masculine singular תְּכַחֵד Josh 7:19 + 4 t.; 2 feminine singular תְּכַחֲדִי 2Sam 14:18 1 singular אֲכַחֵד Job 27:11 2 masculine plural תְּכַחֵ֑דוּ Jer 50:2 1 plural נְכַחֵד Gen 47:18; Ps 78:4 — hide, followed by מִן person Gen 47:18 (J), Josh 7:19 (JE), 1Sam 3:17 (twice in verse); 1Sam 3:18; 2Sam 14:18; Jer 38:14; Jer 38:25; Ps 78:4 followed by לְ person Ps 40:11 conceal toward, with reference to, i.e. from; without preposition Isa 3:9; Jer 50:2; Job 15:18; Job 27:11 = disown Job 6:10. Hiph`il Perfect 1 singular consecutive suffix וְהִכְחַדְתִּיו Exod 23:23 Imperfect 3 masculine singular וַיַּכְחֵד 2Chr 32:21, suffix יַכְחִידֶנָּה Job 20:12 1 singular וָאַכְחִד Zech 11:8 1 plural suffix וְנַכְחִידֵם Ps 83:5 Infinitive construct לְהַכְחִיד 1Kgs 13:34 —

1. hide, in figure יַכְחִידֶנָּה תַּחַת לְשֹׁנוֺ Job 20:12 (object wickedness).

2. efface, annihilate Exod 23:23 (E), 1Kgs 13:34 (|| הַשְׁמִיד), Zech 11:8; 2Chr 32:21 followed by מִגּוֺי Ps 83:5, i.e. from being (so that they be not) a nation.

hide, off, hid, conceal, concealed, …

kāḥad

to secrete, by act or word; hence (intensively) to destroy

to hide, conceal, cut off, cut down, make desolate, kick

(Niphal)

to be hidden

to hide

אִמְרוּ֩

Root word said, saying, saith, say, spake, …

Dictionary form: אָמַר · aw-MAHR

Verb — Qal, Imperative, second person masculine plural simple action — "he did" a command — try "___!" the built-in subject is "you (a group)"

In the KJV here: say

said ×947 saying ×718 and said ×688 saith ×527 and he said ×343 then said ×139 say ×122 and say ×119

More options

say — Most versatile; fits nearly any context or register.

declare — Emphasizes formal or authoritative pronouncement.

tell — Prefer when communication to an audience is stressed.

speak — Highlights the act of oral expression itself.

command — Use when the utterance carries directive force.

think — Fits internal or reflective speech contexts.

BDB557 H559

אָמַר₅₂₈₇ verb utter, say (MI, Phoenician אמר, Aramaic אֲמַר, Ethiopic I. 2 shew, declare, Arabic command; perhaps √ אמר originally = be or make prominent, hence Hithpa`el below, אָמִיר; Sabean אמר lofty, epithet of king JHMordtm^{ZMG 1876, 37}; compare Dl^{Pr 28} who thinks original meaning hell, sichtbar sein, whence Assyrian amâru, see, & shew, declare, say) — Qal Perfect ׳א Gen 3:1 +, etc.; Imperfect יאֹמַר Gen 31:8 +; וַיּאֹ֫מֶר Gen 1:3 +; וַיּאֹמַ֑ר Gen 14:19 +; in Job always וַיּאֹ֑מַר Job 3:2 +; 3 feminine singular תּאֹמַר Gen 21:12 +; תּאֹמֵר֑ Prov 1:21 1 singular אֹמַר Gen 22:2 +; אוֺמְרָה Ps 42:10 וָאֹמַר Gen 20:13 +; וָאוֺמַר Neh 2:7; Neh 2:17; Neh 2:20 3 masculine plural יאֹמְדוּ Exod 4:1 + etc.; suffix יֹמְרוּךָ Ps 139:20 2 masculine plural תֹּמְדוּ 2Sam 19:14 ( compare Kö^{i. p. 385}); Imperative (אֱמָרֿ) אֱמֹר Gen 45:17 +, etc.; Infinitive absolute אָמוֺר Exod 21:5 +; construct אֱמֹר Ezek 25:8 +; (הַ)אֲמֹר Job 34:18 but read הָאֹמֵר ᵐ5 ᵑ9 Di, or better הֶאָמֹר Infinitive absolute with ה interrogative compare Ew :§ 328 d; suffix אָמְרִי Josh 6:10 +; אֲמָרְכֶם Jer 23:38 אֱמָרְכֶם Mal 1:7 +; לֵאמֹר Gen 1:22 +, etc.; Participle active אֹמֵר Gen 32:10 +, etc.; passive הֶאָמוּר Mic 2:7, but this grammatically indefensible, read הֶאָמוֺר, Infinitive absolute with ה interrogative, see Dr^{Expositor, April, 1887, 263}.

1. Say (subject God Gen 3:1 + or man Gen 32:5, serpent Gen 3:1, ass Num 22:28, horse יאֹמַר הֶאָח Job 39:25 etc.; inanimate things, personified Job 28:14 compare vJob 28:22 etc.; so in allegory or fable Judg 9:8; 2Kgs 14:9 etc.; especially in narration, וַיּאֹמֶר etc., Gen 4:6 + very often): mostly followed by thing said, either substantive Jer 14:17 (c. clause app.) Deut 27:16f.; Judg 12:6 pronoun Gen 44:16; 2Kgs 20:14 +; or (usually) clause Gen 1:3; Gen 3:1; Gen 37:20 + often (oratio recta [direct speech]); with adverb thus, so Gen 32:5; Num 20:14; 1Kgs 20:3; 1Kgs 20:5 + often; especially ׳כֹּה אָמַר י Exod 5:1; Exod 7:17; Exod 8:1; Exod 8:20; 1Chr 17:4 + often; the person addressed usually introduced by אֶל Gen 3:1; Gen 15:7; Gen 22:7; Lev 21:1; 2Sam 3:7; 1Kgs 12:5; 1Kgs 12:23, or לְ Gen 3:13; Gen 4:15; 1Sam 20:2; 2Sam 2:21; 1Kgs 14:2 + often; rarer combinations are, בְּאָזְנֵי ׳א Isa 49:20 (compare Isa 5:9 & see דבר); לִפְנֵי ׳א Ezek 28:9 לְעֵינֵי ׳א Deut 31:7; Josh 10:12; Jer 28:11 בְּ ׳א Joel 2:17; Ps 126:2, where בְּ local; in all cases usually followed by direct object of words said, Exod 19:25 being very singular; Gen 4:8 the object-clause has probably fallen out, compare Vrss Di; = mention, name, designate Gen 22:2; Gen 22:3; Gen 43:27; Gen 43:29; Exod 32:13; Num 14:40; 1Sam 10:16; 1Sam 16:3; 2Sam 6:22; Neh 6:19 compare Ps 139:20 יֹמְרוּךָ לִמְזִמָּה speak of thee for falsehood (but many, as Hup Pe Dy Che, read יַמְרוּךָ); = tell, declare, proclaim, (followed by direct object only) Ps 40:11; Ezek 13:7 in reply to question = answer Exod 12:27; Josh 4:7; 1Kgs 9:9; Jer 5:19; Jer 22:9. The object spoken of may be referred to by אֶל 2Kgs 19:32; Jer 22:18; Jer 27:19, or לְ Gen 20:13 אִמְרִי לִֹי say of me, etc. Deut 33:9; Judg 9:54; Isa 5:20; Ps 3:3; Ps 71:10, very rarely by a simple accusative Isa 3:10 (where read probably for אִמְרוּ, אַשְׁרֵי), except after אֲשֶׁר where the words used follow (compare אֲשֶׁר 4 d) Gen 3:17; Num 10:29; Num 14:31; Deut 28:68; Judg 7:4; 1Sam 9:17; 1Sam 9:23b 1Kgs 8:29; Lam 4:20 compare Num 21:16; 2Kgs 17:12; 2Kgs 21:4, & (two extreme cases) Isa 8:12; Lam 2:15 (see Dr^{Sm i. 24, 5}); ֶהאָמוּר Mic 2:7 read infinitive absolute with ה interrogative הֶאָמוֺר (see above) shall one say ? shall it be said ? After another verb of saying, introducing thing said: Deut 21:7; Deut 25:9; Deut 27:15; Song 2:10 +, even after אמר Gen 22:7; Lev 21:1; Jer 34:2; Esth 7:5 +; especially infinitive לֵאמֹר, after דבר Gen 8:15, צוה Gen 2:16, ענה Gen 44:16, ברך Gen 1:22, נשׁבע Gen 24:7, נדר Gen 28:20, etc.; after אמר 2Sam 3:18; 1Kgs 12:23; Ruth 4:4; 1Chr 21:18 +; after שׁלח 2Chr 35:21, שׁוּב Gen 32:7 compare also Gen 28:6; Gen 9:5; Gen 13:8; Gen 17:4; Deut 13:7; Judg 8:15; 1Sam 23:2; 1Kgs 13:3; Jer 32:3; Jer 37:9 +; also when subject of לֵאמֹר differs from that of pre-ceding clause Gen 31:1; Gen 38:13; Gen 38:24 etc.; after שׁמע Isa 37:9 = 2Kgs 19:9.

2. Say in the heart (= think) בלבב ׳א Deut 8:17 compare 1Kgs 12:26; Ps 10:6; Ps 10:11; Ps 10:13; Ps 14:1; Ps 35:25; Isa 14:13; Isa 47:8; Isa 47:10; Isa 49:21; Eccl 2:1; Eccl 2:15; Eccl 3:17; Eccl 3:18 לִלְבָבָם ׳א Hos 7:2 אֶללִֿבּוֺ ׳א Gen 8:21 said unto his heart (to himself), subject ׳י, compare 1Sam 27:1 אָֽמְרָה נַפֲשִׁי Lam 3:24 thence ׳א alone Gen 20:11; Gen 26:9; Num 24:11; Ruth 4:4; 1Sam 20:26; 2Sam 5:6; 2Sam 12:22; 2Kgs 5:11 followed by clause with כִּי Judg 15:2 in particular = desire מַהתּֿאֹמַר נַפְשְׁךָ 1Sam 20:4 compare Esth 2:13 followed by infinitive = purpose, Exod 2:14 thinkest thou to kill me, as thou killedst the Egyptian ? Josh 22:33; 1Sam 30:6; 1Kgs 5:19; 2Chr 28:10; 2Chr 28:13 expect 2Sam 21:16 he expected to slay David 2Chr 13:8; 2Chr 32:1.

3. Promise (followed by infinitive) 1Chr 27:23; 2Chr 21:7; Esth 4:7 (id. + ל of person) 2Kgs 8:19; Neh 9:15 (followed by accusative of direct object + ל of person + infinitive of purpose) Neh 9:23.

4. Command (especially late) followed by אֶלֿ of per-son addressed, Num 15:38; 1Chr 21:18 followed by ל Josh 11:9; 2Sam 16:11; 2Kgs 4:24; Job 9:7; Ps 106:34 (see below אֲשֶׁר 8 e); followed by infinitive 1Sam 24:11; 1Chr 21:17; 2Chr 1:18; 2Chr 29:27; 2Chr 29:30; 2Chr 31:11; 2Chr 35:21; Esth 1:17; Esth 4:13; Esth 4:15; Esth 6:1; Esth 9:14 followed by infinitive + ל of pers, 2Chr 14:3; 2Chr 29:21; 2Chr 31:4; followed by accusative direct object 2Chr 29:24 the king commanded the burnt-offering and the sin-offering, compare 1Kgs 5:20; Esth 2:15 followed by clause with אשׁר = that Neh 13:19 id. + ל of person vNeh 13:22 followed by clause with כִּי Job 36:10 absolute 1Sam 16:16 (read however probably יאמרו for יאמר, compare Dr); also Ps 105:31; Ps 105:34; Ps 107:25; 1Chr 14:12; 2Chr 24:8; Neh 13:9; Neh 13:19 (all followed by verb consecutive); command by letter עִםהַֿסֵּפֶר ׳א Esth 9:25 (followed by imperfect); appoint, assign לוֺ ׳לֶחֶם א 1Kgs 11:18 = threaten followed by infinitive Deut 9:25; Ps 106:23. Niph`al Perfect נֶאֱמַר Dan 8:26 Imperfect יֵאָמֵר Gen 22:14 +; יֵאָ֫מֶר לוֺ Isa 4:3 יֵאָמַ֑ר Gen 10:9 +; וַיֵּאָמַ֑ר Josh 2:2 be said, told Gen 10:9; Gen 22:14; Ps 87:5; Jer 4:11; Jer 16:14 (all absolute, indefinite subject, of current saying); so said in a book Num 21:14 be related, told, of vision Dan 8:26 said, told to (followed by ל indirect object) Josh 2:2; Hos 2:1 (twice in verse); Zeph 3:16 either so, or told concerning Num 23:23; Ezek 13:12 (אֶלֿ); יֵאָמֵר לָכֶם = ye shall be called (it shall be said to you) Isa 61:6 (|| תִּקָּרְאוּ), compare Isa 4:3; Isa 19:18; Isa 32:5 (|| יִקָּרֵא ל) Isa 62:4 (twice in verse); hence be called, of Tophet לֹאיֵֿאָמֵר עוֺד הַתֹּפֶת Jer 7:32 subject שֵׁם Gen 32:29; Job 34:31 כִּי אֶלאֵֿל הֶאָמַר, Rabb (compare AV) treat הֵאָמַר as Niph`al Infinitive for לְהֵאָמֵר, but against grammar; the form as it stands is Qal Perfect, אֶלאֵֿל being prefixed to the interrogative for emphasis (compare Jer 22:15; Jer 23:26; Neh 13:27), see Dr^{§ 9} Di and others; Hoffm., however, reads הֵאָמֵר infinitive absolute = imperative 'so must one speak (it be spoken) to God.' Hiph`il Perfect avow, avouch Deut 26:17 הֶאֱמַרְתָּ הַיּוֺם לִהְיוֺת לְךָ לֵאלֹהִים ׳אֶתיֿ; vDeut 26:18 ׳וי הֶאֱמִירְךָ היום להיות לוֺ לְעַם (literally cause to declare, i.e. through agency of Moses; on this & other interpretations see Di). Hithpa`el Imperfect יִתְאַמְּרוּ Ps 94:4 subject כָּלפֹּֿעֲלֵי אָ֑וֶן act proudly, boast (|| יַבִּיעוּ יְדַבְּרוּ עָתָק probably also 2 masculine plural תִּתְיַמָּ֑רוּ Isa 61:6 (in good sense, followed by בְּ of thing gloried in) ᵑ6 ᵑ9 ᵑ7 & compare ᵐ5; Ges^Comm. so De Che Kö^{i. 457 f.} (from [ימר] exchange Thes Hi Kn Ew Di; but see ימר, מור).

BDB9309 H560 H559

אֲמַר₇₁ verb say, tell, command (Biblical Hebrew אָמַר); —

Pe Perfect 3 masculine singular ׳א Dan 2:12 +, אֲמַ֑ר Dan 7:1 3 feminine singular אֲמֶ֫רֶר Dan 5:10 (K^{§ 38, 1 a}); 1 singular אַמְרֵת Dan 4:5 1 plural אֲאַ֫רְנָא Dan 5:4; Dan 5:9, etc.; Imperfect 3 masculine singular יֵאמַר (K^{§ 41}) Dan 2:7 +; 2 masculine plural תֵּאמְרוּן Jer 10:11, etc.; Imperative masculine singular אֱמַר Jer 2:4 +; masculine plural אֱמַרוּ Jer 2:9 Infinitive לְמֵאמַר vJer 2:9, לְמֵמַ֑ר Ezra 5:11 (K^{§ 41 a}); Participle אְמַר Dan 2:5 + often, plural אָֽמְרִין Dan 3:4; Ezra 5:3 +; —

1. say (often in phrase answer and say): followed by oratio recta [direct speech] (only), Dan 2:7; Dan 2:10 + 13 t. Daniel; Ezra 5:11 + ל person Dan 2:5; Dan 3:14 + 14 t. Daniel [plural with indefinite subject for passive Dan 4:28], Ezra 5:15 + קְָדָס person Dan 2:9; Dan 5:17; Dan 6:13; Dan 6:14 + כֵּן Dan 4:11; Dan 7:23, כֵּן with ל person Ezra 5:8; Dan 2:24; Dan 2:25; Dan 6:7, compare Dan 7:5 + כְּנֵמָא with ל person Ezra 5:4; Ezra 5:9 + כִּדְנָךְ with ל person Jer 10:11 followed by accusative of thing + עַל person against whom Dan 3:29.

2. relate, tell: followed by accusative of thing Dan 4:6; Dan 4:15; Dan 7:1, + ל person Dan 2:4; Dan 2:9; Dan 2:7; Dan 7:16 (accusative of thing omitted), + קְָדָם person Dan 2:36; Dan 4:4; Dan 4:5.

3. command: followed by infinitive Dan 2:12; Dan 2:46 + 6 t. Daniel; followed by finite verb Dan 5:29; Dan 6:17; Dan 6:23 followed by ל person + or. rect. Dan 3:4 [pl. with indefinite subject, for passive, K^{§ 76 e}, so Dan 4:23].

said, saying, saith, say, spake, …

ʾāmar

to say (used with great latitude)

to say, speak, utter

(Qal) to say, to answer, to say in one's heart, to think, to command, to promise, to intend

נִלְכְּדָ֨ה

Root word taken, took, take, taketh, caught, …

Dictionary form: לָכַד · law-KAHD

Verb — Niphal, Perfect (Qatal), third person feminine singular passive or reflexive — "it was done" / "he did it to himself" completed action — try "he ___ed" or "he has ___ed" the built-in subject is "she (or it)"

In the KJV here: is taken

took ×12 was taken ×12 and took ×10 and they took ×5 shall be taken ×5 and he took ×4 and take ×4 and taken ×4

More options

capture — Best for military or hunting contexts; most broadly applicable.

seize — Implies sudden or forceful taking; good for arrests or raids.

catch — Natural for trapping animals or people fleeing.

take captive — Emphasizes the prisoner or prisoner-of-war nuance.

apprehend — Formal register; suits legal or official arrest contexts.

snare — Figurative or trap-based imagery; vivid but narrower use.

BDB4420 H3920

לָכַד₁₂₁ verb capture, seize, take (by lot) (Phoenician לכד take out, choose (?); ᵑ7 לְכַד as Biblical Hebrew; Arabic is strike, push, with the hand, etc., pestle, compare modern attack Wetzst^{ZMG xxii. 1868, 140}; stick or cleave to); —

Qal Perfect ׳ל Josh 8:1 +, לָכַדְתִּי 2Sam 12:27 etc.; Imperfect 3 masculine singular יִלְכּוֺד Amos 3:5 וַיִּלְכֹּד Judg 8:12 +, etc.; Imperative masculine singular suffix לָכְדָהּ 2Sam 12:28, masculine plural לִכְדוּ; Infinitive absolute לָכוֺד Amos 3:5 construct suffix לְלָכְדֵנִי Jer 18:22, לְלָכְדָהּ Jer 32:24 Participle לֹכֵד Job 5:13; Prov 16:32 —

1. capture, seize (not in P) with accusative, usually a city or town, in war Judg 1:8; Judg 1:12; Josh 8:21; Josh 10:1 (JE), Deut 2:35 + 48 t. (but Judg 1:18 strike out as gloss Bu Kit GFM and others); land Josh 10:42 (D), Dan 11:18 water-courses (fords), Judg 3:28; Judg 7:24 (twice in verse); Judg 12:8 object men (usually princes, kings) in battle Judg 7:25; Judg 8:12; Judg 8:14; Josh 11:12; Josh 11:17 (D), 2Chr 22:9; 2Chr 33:11 captives and spoils 2Sam 8:4 = 1Chr 18:4 of Saul's seizing the kingdom (הַמְּלוּכָה), i.e. acquiring it actually by force of arms 1Sam 14:47 also of Samson's catching the foxes Judg 15:4 of a lion catching his prey Amos 3:4 of a trap, snare, לָכוֺד יִלְכּוֺד Amos 3:5.

2. figurative of entrapping men Jer 5:26; Ps 35:8, compare Prov 5:22; Job 5:13 and (of a pit) Jer 18:22.

3. of taking by lot Josh 7:14 (3 t. in verse); Josh 7:17 (J E; see Niph`al 3).

Niph`al Perfect נִלְכַּד Lam 4:20 3 feminine singular נִלְכְּדָה 1Kgs 16:18 +, etc.; Imperfect יִלָּכֵד Isa 24:18; Jer 48:44 יִלָּ֫כֶד כָּהּ Eccl 7:26 וַיִּלָּכֵד Josh 7:16 +, etc.; Participle נִלְכָּד Josh 7:15 —

1. be captured in war, of city 1Kgs 16:18; 2Kgs 18:10; Jer 38:28 (twice in verse); Jer 48:1; Jer 48:41; Jer 50:2; Jer 50:9; Jer 50:24; Jer 51:31; Jer 51:41; Zech 14:2 of men Jer 51:56; Lam 4:20 (compare Qal 1).

2. of men, be caught, namely, in a snare or trap, only figurative, usually by divine judgment Isa 8:15; Isa 24:18; Isa 28:13; Ps 9:16; Ps 59:13; Prov 6:2; Prov 11:6; Jer 6:11; Jer 8:9 so of Moab Jer 48:7; Jer 48:44 of being ensnared by a woman Eccl 7:26 of being caught by cords of distress, בְּחַבְלֵי עֹ֑נִי, Job 36:8.

3. be taken by lot Josh 7:15; Josh 7:16; Josh 7:17; Josh 7:18 (all J E), 1Sam 10:20; 1Sam 10:21 (twice in verse); 1Sam 14:41; 1Sam 14:42 (compare Qal 3).

Hithpa`el Imperfect 3 masculine plural; יִתְלַכְּדוּ וְלֹא יִתְפָּרָ֑דוּ Job 41:9 they grasp each other, and cannot be separated, of crocodile's scales (|| אִישׁ בְּאָחִיהוּ יְדֻבָּ֑קוּ); פְּנֵי תְהוֺם יִתְלַכָּ֑דוּ Job 38:30 the face of the deep compacts (of freezing; || כָּאֶבֶן מַיִם יִתְחַבָּ֑אוּ; verbs transposed, plausibly, by Me Bi Siegf Bu).

taken, took, take, taketh, caught, …

lākad

to catch (in a net, trap or pit); generally, to capture or occupy; also to choose (by lot); figuratively, to cohere

to capture, take, seize

(Qal)

to capture, seize

to be captured

בָבֶ֜ל

Root word a name — transliterate it ("Babylon")

Dictionary form: בָּבֶל · baw-BEL

Noun — Proper Name

In the KJV here: babylon

of babylon ×147 babylon ×26 to babylon ×18 him to babylon ×9 from babylon ×8 of babylons ×8 into babylon ×6 unto babylon ×6

More options

Babylon — Standard proper name; use in most narrative contexts.

Babel — Prefer for Genesis 11 tower narrative specifically.

Babylonia — Emphasizes the region/empire rather than the city.

the Babylonian empire — Use when political power is the focus.

BDB899 H894

בָּבֶ֫ל₂₆₂ proper name, of a location Babel, Babylon (in Assyrian written Bab-ilu, gate of god Dl^{Pa 212}, compare on other hand Jen^{Kosmol. 498}) — with ָ ה locative בָּבֶ֫לָה Ezek 12:13 +, בָּבֶ֑לָה 2Kgs 20:17 + once מִבָּבֶ֫לָה Jer 27:16 — the ancient capital of Babylonia, modern Hillah, situated on Euphrates, in long. approximately 440 30° east, and latitude approximately 320 50° north; Gen 10:10; Gen 11:9 (where name connected with בלל confuse, confound), both J, not elsewhere in Hexateuch; 2Kgs 17:24 + 31 t. 2 Kings; 18 t. Chronicles; Esth 2:6 late Ps 87:4; Ps 137:1; Ps 137:8 Isa²; Isa³, namely Isa 13:1; Isa 13:19; Isa 14:4; Isa 14:22; Isa 21:9; Isa 39:1; Isa 39:3; Isa 39:6; Isa 39:7; Isa 43:14; Isa 47:1; Isa 48:14; Isa 48:20; Mic 4:10 (but here probably not original, compare RS^{Proph. vii. n. 5 & references}) Zech 2:11; Zech 6:10; + 19 t. Ezekiel; Jer 20:4 (twice in verse); Jer 20:5; Jer 20:6 + 165 t. Jeremiah — note especially ׳אֶרֶץ בּ Jer 50:28 also of land & people = realm, particular in ׳מֶלֶךְ בּ 2Kgs 20:12 of Merodach Baladan; v2Kgs 20:18; 2Kgs 24:1; 2Kgs 24:7; 2Kgs 24:11; 2Kgs 24:12 (twice in verse) + often of Nebuchadrezzar; 2Kgs 25:27 = Jer 52:31 compare vJer 52:34 of Evil-Merodach; Neh 13:6 of Artaxerxes; the city personified as בַּת בָּבֶל Isa 47:1; Jer 50:42. (See Dl^{Pa 212} COT Gen 11:9 KG⁹⁵.)

BDB9361 H894 H895

בָּבֶל proper name, of a location Babylon (Biblical Hebrew id.); — Dan 2:12 + 15 t. Daniel; 9 t. Ezra.

babylon, babylons, babel

bābel

confusion (by mixing)

Babel (i.e., Babylon), including Babylonia and the Babylonian empire

Babel or Babylon, the ancient site and/or capital of Babylonia (modern Hillah) situated on the Euphrates

הֹבִ֥ישׁ

Root word up, confounded, withered, wither, withereth, …

Dictionary form: יָבֵשׁ · yaw-BAYSH

Verb — Hiphil, Perfect (Qatal), third person masculine singular causative — "he made (someone) do" completed action — try "he ___ed" or "he has ___ed" the built-in subject is "he (or it)"

In the KJV here: is confounded

is confounded ×6 dried up ×5 is dried up ×4 and drieth up ×2 and i will dry up ×2 and withered ×2 are dried up ×2 is withered away ×2

More options

wither — Best for plants, vegetation, or vitality fading away.

dry up — Best for water sources, rivers, or moisture vanishing.

shrivel — Vivid, physical sense; good for flesh, plants, or crops.

be parched — Emphasizes extreme dryness; suits drought or desert contexts.

be ashamed — Captures the figurative sense of disgrace or humiliation.

waste away — Broader decline; suits people, nations, or strength failing.

BDB3410 H3001

I. יָבֵשׁ verb be dry, dried up, withered (Late Hebrew id. (rare), ᵑ7 יְבֵישׁ, chiefly Pa`al, Ithpe`el, Syriac ; Sabean, Palmyrene derivatives; Arabic ; Ethiopic ) —

Qal Perfect 3 masculine singular יָבֵשׁ Josh 9:5 + 8 t.; וְיָבֵשׁ consecutive Isa 19:5+ 4 t.; 3 feminine singular יָבְשָׁה Gen 8:14 3 plural יָבְשׁוּ Jer 23:10 + 2 t.; יָבֵ֑שׁוּ Jer 50:38 + 2 t.; Imperfect 3 masculine singular יִבַשׁ Isa 19:7 יִיבָ֑שׁ Jer 12:4; Job 8:12 וַיִּיבַשׁ 1Kgs 17:7 וַיִּיבָ֑שׁ Jonah 4:7 3 feminine singular תִּיבַשׁ Ezek 17:10 תִּיבָ֑שׁ vEzek 17:10 + 3 t., etc.; Infinitive construct (בִּ)יבשׁ Isa 27:11 יְבשֶׁת Gen 8:7 absolute יָבוֺשׁ Zech 11:17 יָבשׁ Eccl 17:10 —

1. be dry, dried up without moisture:
a. of bread Josh 9:5; Josh 9:12 (JE).
b. of ground lacking rain Amos 4:7, compare Amos 1:2 (of Carmel at utterance of ׳י's voice), Jer 23:10.
c. of earth after the flood Gen 8:14 (P), compare חָרֵב
d. of grass, herbage, trees and crops (already implied in
b. = wither Isa 15:6; Isa 19:7; Isa 27:11; Jer 12:4; Job 8:12; Joel 1:12; Jonah 4:7 in simile of shortness of life Ps 90:6; Ps 102:12; Ps 129:6, see also Isa 40:7; Isa 40:8 (in these two || נָבֵל); of heart under figure of grass Ps 102:5 of Judah under figure of vine Ezek 17:9 (twice in verse); Ezek 17:10 (3 t. in verse), compare Ezek 19:12 of princes under figure of tree Isa 40:24 of roots of Ephraim under figure of tree Hos 9:16, so of roots of wicked Job 18:16.
e. of hand, arm, dry up, wither, as judgment from ׳י, 1Kgs 13:4; Zech 11:17 (twice in verse); in distress יָבֵשׁ כַּחֶרֶשׁ כֹּחִי Ps 22:16 my strength is dried up like the potsherd; of skin Lam 4:8, and (figurative) of bones Ezek 37:11.

2. be dried up: of water Gen 8:7 (J), Isa 19:5; 1Kgs 17:7; Jer 50:38; Joel 1:20; Job 12:15; Job 14:11. Pi`el make dry, dry up, only Imperfect 3 masculine singular suffix וַיַּבְּשֵׁהוּ Nah 1:4 and hath made it dry (׳י, the sea); 3 feminine singular תְּיַבֵּשׁ Job 15:30 the flame shall dry up his branches (figurative of wicked); figurative תְּיַבֶּשׁנָּֿ֑רֶם Prov 17:22 a broken spirit maketh dry (the) bones. Hiph`il Perfect 3 masculine singular הוֺבִישׁ Josh 2:10 + 3 t. + Joel 1:10 (see below); חֹבִישׁ Ezek 19:12 + 2 t. Joel (see below); 3 feminine singular הוֺבִישָׁה Joel 1:12 (see below); 2 masculine singular הוֺבַשְׁתָּ Ps 74:15 1 singular הוֺבַשְׁתִּי Ezek 17:24 וְהוֺבַשְׁתִּ֫י Jer 51:36 3 plural וְהֹבִישׁוּ consecutive Zech 10:11 Imperfect 1 singular אוֺבִישׁ Isa 42:15 (twice in verse); Isa 44:27 — dry up, make dry:

1. dry up water, ׳י subject, Josh 2:10; Josh 4:23 (twice in verse); Josh 5:1 (all D), Jer 51:36 (|| הֶחֱרִיב), Isa 42:15; Isa 44:27 (חֳרָבִי in || clause), Ps 74:15.

2. make dry, wither: herbage, trees, crops, etc., of ׳י, Isa 42:15 (|| החריב); object Babylon under figure of tree Ezek 17:24 of east wind's drying up Judah's fruit Ezek 19:12.

3. exhibit dryness: of river-deeps laid bare Zech 10:11. — In like manner might be taken Joel 1:10; Joel 1:12 (twice in verse); Joel 1:17, if from יבשׁ; but the sense would be difficult, especially in vJoel 1:10 vJoel 1:12, and הֹבִישׁוּ vJoel 1:11 must be from בּוֺשׁ, to which all these cases in Joel may be consistently assigned; see בּוֺשׁ.

up, confounded, withered, wither, withereth, …

yābēš

to be ashamed, confused or disappointed; also (as failing) to dry up (as water) or wither (as herbage)

to make dry, wither, be dry, become dry, be dried up, be withered

(Qal)

to be dry, be dried up, be without moisture

to dry up, make dry

to dry up (water)

בֵּל֙

Root word a name — transliterate it ("Bel")

Dictionary form: בֵּל · bale

Noun — Proper Name

In the KJV here: bel

bel ×3

More options

Bel — Standard proper name for this Babylonian deity.

Bel (Marduk) — Clarifies identity for readers unfamiliar with Babylonian religion.

the god Bel — Adds 'god' for contextual clarity in prose passages.

BDB1232 H1078

בֵּל proper name, masculine a chief Babylonian deity (Babylonian Bêlu = בַּעַל, lord; Bêl regarded as older form than בַּעַל by Hpt^{Hebraica. i. 178}; BAS i. 17) = Merodach (compare מרדך), tutelary god of Babylon (to be distinguished from older Bêlu, one of ancient Babylonian triad) Jer 50:2 (|| מְרֹדַךְ) Jer 51:44; Isa 46:1 (|| נְבֹו) — both writers of Babylonian period; — on Bel see COT Gen 11:4; Judg 2:11 Say^Rel. Babylonian 103, 110 Jen^{Kosmologie 24, 134, 307, 391}.

bel

bēl

lord

Bel, the Baal of the Babylonians

a chief Babylonian deity

חַ֣ת

Root word dismayed, afraid, broken, down, pieces, …

Dictionary form: חָתַת · haw-TAHT

Verb — Qal, Perfect (Qatal), third person masculine singular simple action — "he did" completed action — try "he ___ed" or "he has ___ed" the built-in subject is "he (or it)"

In the KJV here: is broken in pieces

be dismayed ×11 dismayed ×5 and ye shall be broken in pieces ×3 they were dismayed ×3 be thou dismayed ×2 affrighted ×1 and dismayed ×1 and they shall be afraid ×1

More options

terrify — Strong active sense; good for God or enemies as subject.

shatter — Captures the 'broken in pieces' physical/psychological destruction.

dismay — Modernizes the dominant KJV rendering; emotional dread and shock.

frighten — Plainer, everyday register; suits narrative prose contexts.

be shaken — Passive nuance; loss of courage or composure under threat.

be horrified — Strong emotional register; fits scenes of sudden catastrophe.

BDB3265 H2865

[חָתַת] verb be shattered, dismayed (Assyrian —attu, terror, Dl^{HWB 296}; Talmud חִתִּית id.; Ethiopic is scrutari, examinare, see Di^{Lex, 105}) —

Qal Perfect 3 masculine singular חַת Jer 50:2 3 feminine singular חַ֫תָּה Jer 14:4 + 2 t., וָחָ֑תָּה Jer 48:1 3 plural חַ֫תּוּ Isa 37:27 + 4 t., וְחַתּ֫וּ consecutive Isa 20:5 + 2 t., וָחָ֑תּוּ consecutive Jer 50:36 Imperfect (Kö^{i. 366}) יֵחַת Isa 7:8; Isa 30:31, יֵחַ֑ת Job 39:22, יֵחָ֑ת Isa 31:4, אֵחַ֫תָּה Jer 17:18, יֵחַ֫תּוּ 1Sam 2:10 + 3 t. — On יֵּחַ֑תּוּ Job 21:13 see נָחַת; — תֵּחָ֑תּוּ Josh 10:25 + 2 t., etc.; Imperative וָחֹ֫תּוּ Isa 8:9 (3 t. in verse); —

1. be shattered, broken, figurative of nations under divine judgment Isa 7:8; Isa 30:31 so probably also Isa 8:9 (3 t. in verse) (but strike out in v^a), and perhaps (of ׳י's foes in general) 1Sam 2:10 (song; — others render dismayed in all except Isa 7:8); figurative of ׳י's righteousness Isa 51:6 (= be abolished, annihilated); literally of bows Jer 51:56, according to Gie's reading חַתָּה, see

Pi`el 2. be dismayed, usually
a. absolute: || יָרֵא Deut 1:21; Deut 31:8; Josh 8:1; Josh 10:25 (all D), 1Sam 17:11; Jer 23:4; Jer 30:10; Jer 46:27; Ezek 2:6; Ezek 3:9; 1Chr 22:13; 1Chr 28:20; 2Chr 20:15; 2Chr 20:17; 2Chr 32:7 || בּוֺשׁ Isa 20:5; Isa 37:27 = 2Kgs 19:26; Jer 8:9; Jer 17:18 (twice in verse); Jer 48:1; Jer 48:20; Jer 48:39; Jer 50:2 (twice in verse) (others assign. Jer 48:20; Jer 48:39; Jer 50:2 (twice in verse) to 1); figurative of the ground הָאֲדָמָה, dismayed for lack of rain Jer 14:4 read probably with Duhm (after ᵐ5) Co Dr חַתּוּ ׳וְעֹבְדֵ; (|| בּוֺשׁ of the husband-men); no || Jer 50:36; Obad 1:9; Job 39:22.
b. be dismayed at, by reason of, followed by מִן Isa 31:4; Isa 31:9; Isa 51:7 (|| יָרֵא) Jer 1:17; Jer 10:2 (twice in verse). Niph`al Perfect only 3 masculine singular וּמִפְּנֵי שְׁמִי נִחַת Mal 2:5 and at my name he is put in awe (|| יָרֵא). Pi`el Perfect dismay, scare, 2 masculine singular suffix וְחִתַּתַּ֫נִי בַחֲלֹמוֺת (Kö^{i. 372}) consecutive Job 7:14 and thou scarest me with dreams (|| בִּעֵת); 3 feminine singular חִתְּתָה Jer 51:56 (of bows) is intransitive [inchoate Ew^{§ 120, 2 d}], Gf and others, be shattered, but text probably erroneous. Gie חַתָּה (see Qal 1). Hiph`il Perfect 2 masculine singular הַחִתֹּתָ Isa 9:3 1 singular וְהַחְתַּתִּ֫י Jer 49:37 (Kö^{i. 372}); Imperfect 3 masculine singular suffix יְחִתֵּנִי Job 31:34, suffix 3 feminine plural יְחִיתַ֑ן Hab 2:17 (Kö^{i. 374}; but ᵐ5 ᵑ7 ᵑ6 Ew Ol Sta We יְחִתֶּ֑ךָ); 1 singular suffix אֲחִתְּךָ Jer 1:17 (followed by לפניהם) —

1. shutter with accusative Isa 9:3.

2. a. cause to be dismayed Jer 49:37 followed by לִפְנֵי.
b. dismay, terrify, followed by suffix Job 31:34; Hab 2:17.

dismayed, afraid, broken, down, pieces, …

ḥātat

properly, to prostrate; hence, to break down, either (literally) by violence, or (figuratively) by confusion and fear

to be shattered, be dismayed, be broken, be abolished, be afraid

(Qal)

to be shattered, be broken

to cause to be dismayed

מְרֹדָ֔ךְ

Root word a name — transliterate it ("Merodach")

Dictionary form: מְרֹדָךְ · meh-roh-DOKE

Noun — Proper Name

In the KJV here: merodach

merodach ×1

More options

Merodach — Standard anglicized form used in modern Bible translations.

Marduk — The Babylonian deity's name in its original Akkadian form.

Merodak — Alternate transliteration closer to the Hebrew spelling.

BDB4803 H4781

מְרֹדַךְ proper name, of a divinity chief god of Babylon in Nebuchadrezzar's time (Assyrian Mar(u)duk(u) Schr^{COT Gloss} Tiele^{Babylonian -Ass. Geschichte. 530 ff.} Say^Rel. Babylonian 96 ff.; compare Muss-Arn^{JBL xi. 1892,164 f.}); — נִלְכְּדָת בָּבֶל הֹבִישׁ בֵּל חַת מְרֹדָ֑ךְ Jer 50:2 (ᵐ5 Μαιωδακ).

merodach

mĕrōdok

thy rebellion

Merodak, a Babylonian idol

the chief deity of the Babylonians in the time of Nebuchadnezzar

הֹבִ֣ישׁוּ

Root word up, confounded, withered, wither, withereth, …

Dictionary form: יָבֵשׁ · yaw-BAYSH

Verb — Hiphil, Perfect (Qatal), third person plural causative — "he made (someone) do" completed action — try "he ___ed" or "he has ___ed" the built-in subject is "they"

In the KJV here: are confounded

is confounded ×6 dried up ×5 is dried up ×4 and drieth up ×2 and i will dry up ×2 and withered ×2 are dried up ×2 is withered away ×2

More options

wither — Best for plants, vegetation, or vitality fading away.

dry up — Best for water sources, rivers, or moisture vanishing.

shrivel — Vivid, physical sense; good for flesh, plants, or crops.

be parched — Emphasizes extreme dryness; suits drought or desert contexts.

be ashamed — Captures the figurative sense of disgrace or humiliation.

waste away — Broader decline; suits people, nations, or strength failing.

BDB3410 H3001

I. יָבֵשׁ verb be dry, dried up, withered (Late Hebrew id. (rare), ᵑ7 יְבֵישׁ, chiefly Pa`al, Ithpe`el, Syriac ; Sabean, Palmyrene derivatives; Arabic ; Ethiopic ) —

Qal Perfect 3 masculine singular יָבֵשׁ Josh 9:5 + 8 t.; וְיָבֵשׁ consecutive Isa 19:5+ 4 t.; 3 feminine singular יָבְשָׁה Gen 8:14 3 plural יָבְשׁוּ Jer 23:10 + 2 t.; יָבֵ֑שׁוּ Jer 50:38 + 2 t.; Imperfect 3 masculine singular יִבַשׁ Isa 19:7 יִיבָ֑שׁ Jer 12:4; Job 8:12 וַיִּיבַשׁ 1Kgs 17:7 וַיִּיבָ֑שׁ Jonah 4:7 3 feminine singular תִּיבַשׁ Ezek 17:10 תִּיבָ֑שׁ vEzek 17:10 + 3 t., etc.; Infinitive construct (בִּ)יבשׁ Isa 27:11 יְבשֶׁת Gen 8:7 absolute יָבוֺשׁ Zech 11:17 יָבשׁ Eccl 17:10 —

1. be dry, dried up without moisture:
a. of bread Josh 9:5; Josh 9:12 (JE).
b. of ground lacking rain Amos 4:7, compare Amos 1:2 (of Carmel at utterance of ׳י's voice), Jer 23:10.
c. of earth after the flood Gen 8:14 (P), compare חָרֵב
d. of grass, herbage, trees and crops (already implied in
b. = wither Isa 15:6; Isa 19:7; Isa 27:11; Jer 12:4; Job 8:12; Joel 1:12; Jonah 4:7 in simile of shortness of life Ps 90:6; Ps 102:12; Ps 129:6, see also Isa 40:7; Isa 40:8 (in these two || נָבֵל); of heart under figure of grass Ps 102:5 of Judah under figure of vine Ezek 17:9 (twice in verse); Ezek 17:10 (3 t. in verse), compare Ezek 19:12 of princes under figure of tree Isa 40:24 of roots of Ephraim under figure of tree Hos 9:16, so of roots of wicked Job 18:16.
e. of hand, arm, dry up, wither, as judgment from ׳י, 1Kgs 13:4; Zech 11:17 (twice in verse); in distress יָבֵשׁ כַּחֶרֶשׁ כֹּחִי Ps 22:16 my strength is dried up like the potsherd; of skin Lam 4:8, and (figurative) of bones Ezek 37:11.

2. be dried up: of water Gen 8:7 (J), Isa 19:5; 1Kgs 17:7; Jer 50:38; Joel 1:20; Job 12:15; Job 14:11. Pi`el make dry, dry up, only Imperfect 3 masculine singular suffix וַיַּבְּשֵׁהוּ Nah 1:4 and hath made it dry (׳י, the sea); 3 feminine singular תְּיַבֵּשׁ Job 15:30 the flame shall dry up his branches (figurative of wicked); figurative תְּיַבֶּשׁנָּֿ֑רֶם Prov 17:22 a broken spirit maketh dry (the) bones. Hiph`il Perfect 3 masculine singular הוֺבִישׁ Josh 2:10 + 3 t. + Joel 1:10 (see below); חֹבִישׁ Ezek 19:12 + 2 t. Joel (see below); 3 feminine singular הוֺבִישָׁה Joel 1:12 (see below); 2 masculine singular הוֺבַשְׁתָּ Ps 74:15 1 singular הוֺבַשְׁתִּי Ezek 17:24 וְהוֺבַשְׁתִּ֫י Jer 51:36 3 plural וְהֹבִישׁוּ consecutive Zech 10:11 Imperfect 1 singular אוֺבִישׁ Isa 42:15 (twice in verse); Isa 44:27 — dry up, make dry:

1. dry up water, ׳י subject, Josh 2:10; Josh 4:23 (twice in verse); Josh 5:1 (all D), Jer 51:36 (|| הֶחֱרִיב), Isa 42:15; Isa 44:27 (חֳרָבִי in || clause), Ps 74:15.

2. make dry, wither: herbage, trees, crops, etc., of ׳י, Isa 42:15 (|| החריב); object Babylon under figure of tree Ezek 17:24 of east wind's drying up Judah's fruit Ezek 19:12.

3. exhibit dryness: of river-deeps laid bare Zech 10:11. — In like manner might be taken Joel 1:10; Joel 1:12 (twice in verse); Joel 1:17, if from יבשׁ; but the sense would be difficult, especially in vJoel 1:10 vJoel 1:12, and הֹבִישׁוּ vJoel 1:11 must be from בּוֺשׁ, to which all these cases in Joel may be consistently assigned; see בּוֺשׁ.

up, confounded, withered, wither, withereth, …

yābēš

to be ashamed, confused or disappointed; also (as failing) to dry up (as water) or wither (as herbage)

to make dry, wither, be dry, become dry, be dried up, be withered

(Qal)

to be dry, be dried up, be without moisture

to dry up, make dry

to dry up (water)

עֲצַבֶּ֔י הָ

עֲצַבֶּ֔י

Root word idols, images

הָ

Suffix — pronoun her / it

Dictionary form: עָצָב · aw-TSAWB

Noun — Common, masculine plural, construct state plural — usually add "-s"; "___ of …" — bound to the next word

In the KJV here: her idols

their idols ×3 and idols ×2 the idols ×2 and her idols ×1 her idols ×1 of the idols ×1 of their idols ×1 their images ×1

More options

idol — Most natural modern term for a false deity's image.

cult image — Precise academic/scholarly register; emphasizes ritual function.

carved figure — Highlights crafted, physical nature of the object.

false god — Interpretive; stresses theological rejection over physical form.

divine figurine — Neutral, archaeological register; suits descriptive contexts.

fetish — Strong pejorative tone; use when mocking or condemning worship.

BDB6276 H6091

[עָצָב] noun [masculine] idol; — always plural עֲצַבִּים (Ges^{«GKC:93ee»§ 93ee}): Hos 4:17; Hos 8:6 (כֶּסֶף וְזָהָב), Hos 13:2 (כֶּסֶף), || מַסֵּכָה), Hos 14:9; Zech 13:2; 2Chr 24:18 (+ אֲשֵׁרִים); construct עֲצַבֵּי Ps 106:38; Ps 135:15 (כֶּסֶף וְזָהָב); suffix עֲצַבֶּיהָ Isa 10:11 (|| אֱלִילֶיהָ), Jer 50:2 (|| גִּלּוּלֶיהָ), Mic 1:7 עֲצַבֵּיהֶם 1Sam 31:9 = 1Chr 10:9; 2Sam 5:21 (but read אֱלֹּהֵיהֶם as || 1Chr 14:12, so ᵐ5 We Dr and others), Isa 46:1; Ps 106:36; Ps 115:4 (כֶּסֶף וְזָהָב).

idols, images

ʿāṣāb

an (idolatrous) image

idol, image

חַ֖תּוּ

Root word dismayed, afraid, broken, down, pieces, …

Dictionary form: חָתַת · haw-TAHT

Verb — Qal, Perfect (Qatal), third person plural simple action — "he did" completed action — try "he ___ed" or "he has ___ed" the built-in subject is "they"

In the KJV here: are broken in pieces

be dismayed ×11 dismayed ×5 and ye shall be broken in pieces ×3 they were dismayed ×3 be thou dismayed ×2 affrighted ×1 and dismayed ×1 and they shall be afraid ×1

More options

terrify — Strong active sense; good for God or enemies as subject.

shatter — Captures the 'broken in pieces' physical/psychological destruction.

dismay — Modernizes the dominant KJV rendering; emotional dread and shock.

frighten — Plainer, everyday register; suits narrative prose contexts.

be shaken — Passive nuance; loss of courage or composure under threat.

be horrified — Strong emotional register; fits scenes of sudden catastrophe.

BDB3265 H2865

[חָתַת] verb be shattered, dismayed (Assyrian —attu, terror, Dl^{HWB 296}; Talmud חִתִּית id.; Ethiopic is scrutari, examinare, see Di^{Lex, 105}) —

Qal Perfect 3 masculine singular חַת Jer 50:2 3 feminine singular חַ֫תָּה Jer 14:4 + 2 t., וָחָ֑תָּה Jer 48:1 3 plural חַ֫תּוּ Isa 37:27 + 4 t., וְחַתּ֫וּ consecutive Isa 20:5 + 2 t., וָחָ֑תּוּ consecutive Jer 50:36 Imperfect (Kö^{i. 366}) יֵחַת Isa 7:8; Isa 30:31, יֵחַ֑ת Job 39:22, יֵחָ֑ת Isa 31:4, אֵחַ֫תָּה Jer 17:18, יֵחַ֫תּוּ 1Sam 2:10 + 3 t. — On יֵּחַ֑תּוּ Job 21:13 see נָחַת; — תֵּחָ֑תּוּ Josh 10:25 + 2 t., etc.; Imperative וָחֹ֫תּוּ Isa 8:9 (3 t. in verse); —

1. be shattered, broken, figurative of nations under divine judgment Isa 7:8; Isa 30:31 so probably also Isa 8:9 (3 t. in verse) (but strike out in v^a), and perhaps (of ׳י's foes in general) 1Sam 2:10 (song; — others render dismayed in all except Isa 7:8); figurative of ׳י's righteousness Isa 51:6 (= be abolished, annihilated); literally of bows Jer 51:56, according to Gie's reading חַתָּה, see

Pi`el 2. be dismayed, usually
a. absolute: || יָרֵא Deut 1:21; Deut 31:8; Josh 8:1; Josh 10:25 (all D), 1Sam 17:11; Jer 23:4; Jer 30:10; Jer 46:27; Ezek 2:6; Ezek 3:9; 1Chr 22:13; 1Chr 28:20; 2Chr 20:15; 2Chr 20:17; 2Chr 32:7 || בּוֺשׁ Isa 20:5; Isa 37:27 = 2Kgs 19:26; Jer 8:9; Jer 17:18 (twice in verse); Jer 48:1; Jer 48:20; Jer 48:39; Jer 50:2 (twice in verse) (others assign. Jer 48:20; Jer 48:39; Jer 50:2 (twice in verse) to 1); figurative of the ground הָאֲדָמָה, dismayed for lack of rain Jer 14:4 read probably with Duhm (after ᵐ5) Co Dr חַתּוּ ׳וְעֹבְדֵ; (|| בּוֺשׁ of the husband-men); no || Jer 50:36; Obad 1:9; Job 39:22.
b. be dismayed at, by reason of, followed by מִן Isa 31:4; Isa 31:9; Isa 51:7 (|| יָרֵא) Jer 1:17; Jer 10:2 (twice in verse). Niph`al Perfect only 3 masculine singular וּמִפְּנֵי שְׁמִי נִחַת Mal 2:5 and at my name he is put in awe (|| יָרֵא). Pi`el Perfect dismay, scare, 2 masculine singular suffix וְחִתַּתַּ֫נִי בַחֲלֹמוֺת (Kö^{i. 372}) consecutive Job 7:14 and thou scarest me with dreams (|| בִּעֵת); 3 feminine singular חִתְּתָה Jer 51:56 (of bows) is intransitive [inchoate Ew^{§ 120, 2 d}], Gf and others, be shattered, but text probably erroneous. Gie חַתָּה (see Qal 1). Hiph`il Perfect 2 masculine singular הַחִתֹּתָ Isa 9:3 1 singular וְהַחְתַּתִּ֫י Jer 49:37 (Kö^{i. 372}); Imperfect 3 masculine singular suffix יְחִתֵּנִי Job 31:34, suffix 3 feminine plural יְחִיתַ֑ן Hab 2:17 (Kö^{i. 374}; but ᵐ5 ᵑ7 ᵑ6 Ew Ol Sta We יְחִתֶּ֑ךָ); 1 singular suffix אֲחִתְּךָ Jer 1:17 (followed by לפניהם) —

1. shutter with accusative Isa 9:3.

2. a. cause to be dismayed Jer 49:37 followed by לִפְנֵי.
b. dismay, terrify, followed by suffix Job 31:34; Hab 2:17.

dismayed, afraid, broken, down, pieces, …

ḥātat

properly, to prostrate; hence, to break down, either (literally) by violence, or (figuratively) by confusion and fear

to be shattered, be dismayed, be broken, be abolished, be afraid

(Qal)

to be shattered, be broken

to cause to be dismayed

גִּלּוּלֶֽי הָ

גִּלּוּלֶֽי

Root word idols, images

הָ

Suffix — pronoun her / it

Dictionary form: גִּלּוּל · ɡil-LOOL

Noun — Common, masculine plural, construct state plural — usually add "-s"; "___ of …" — bound to the next word

In the KJV here: her images

their idols ×10 the idols ×9 your idols ×5 idols ×4 his idols ×3 with their idols ×3 of your idols ×2 and for their idols ×1

More options

idol — Broadest, most recognizable term for false deity images.

false god — Emphasizes theological rejection; good for interpretive contexts.

carved image — Highlights the physical, crafted nature of the object.

fetish — Captures the contemptuous, taboo connotation of the Hebrew.

dung-idol — Reflects the likely scatological wordplay in the Hebrew lemma.

abominable image — Stresses ritual disgust; suits prophetic condemnation passages.

BDB1659 H1544

[גִּלּוּל] noun masculine^{Jer 50:27} only plural idols (= logs, blocks, shapeless things Ges Baud^{Rel i. 95}; Ew doll-images > dungy things Sm Ezek 6:4 SS after Rabb)

**See Baud^{ZMG, 1904, 395 ff.} (compares Biblical Aramaic גְּלָל (אֶבֶן), Palmyrene גללא^{Tariff i. 9} = στήλη λιθινη; and concludes that it was originally a designation of the primitive stone menhir or מַצֵּבָה). — גִּלּוּלִים Ezek 22:8 + 3 t. + Ezek 30:13 (strike out B Co); גִּלֻּלִים 1Kgs 15:12 + 2 t.; construct גִּלּוּלֵי Ezek 8:10 + 6 t.; גִּלּוּלַיִךְ Ezek 22:4 גִּלּוּלָיו 2Kgs 21:11 + 4 t.; גִּלּוּלֶיהָ Jer 50:2 יֵ֯כֶם Lev 26:30 + 7 t.; יֵ֯כֶן Ezek 23:49 יֵ֯הֶם Ezek 6:9 + 14 t. + Ezek 6:5 (del BA al Co); יֵ֯הֶן Ezek 23:37 — idols (39 t. Ezekiel); — 1Kgs 15:12; 2Kgs 17:12; 2Kgs 21:21; Ezek 6:5 (del Co) vEzek 6:9; Ezek 6:13 (twice in verse); Ezek 14:4; Ezek 14:5; Ezek 18:6; Ezek 18:15; Ezek 20:16; Ezek 20:24; Ezek 20:39; Ezek 23:37; Ezek 23:39; Ezek 23:49; Ezek 33:25; Ezek 44:10; Ezek 44:12 || שִׁקּוּצִים Deut 29:16; 2Kgs 23:24 (|| also תְּרָפִים), Ezek 20:7; Ezek 20:18 (both with verb טמא) vEzek 20:8; Ezek 37:23, compare also Ezek 8:10 (שֶׁקֶץ, but שִׁקּוּצִים apparently ᵐ5 ᵑ6 ᵑ7 & so Co); || תּוֺעֵבָה Ezek 14:6; 2Kgs 21:11, compare Ezek 18:12; Ezek 16:36 (גִּלּוּלֵי תוֺעֲבוֺתַיִךְ), & 1Kgs 21:26 (where verb תָּעַב); || טֻמְאוֺת Ezek 36:25 || מִכְשׁוֺל עֲוֺנוֺ Ezek 14:3; Ezek 14:4; Ezek 14:7 || עֲצַבִּים Jer 50:2 || אֱלִילִים Ezek 30:13 (Co אילים; compare also above); || חַמָּן Ezek 6:4; Ezek 6:6; Lev 26:30 (compare below); || תְּרָפִים 2Kgs 23:24 (above); in phrase ׳טִמֵּא בְּגִלּ etc. Ezek 20:7; Ezek 20:18; Ezek 20:31; Ezek 22:3; Ezek 22:4; Ezek 23:7; Ezek 23:30; Ezek 36:18 (del Co); ׳תְּחַלְּלוּ בְגִלּ Ezek 20:39 — note especially the expression וְנָתַתִּי פִּגְרֵיכֶם עַלפִּֿגְרֵי גִלּוּלֵיכֶם Lev 26:30 and I will lay your carcases upon the carcases of your idols.

idols, images

gillûl

properly, a log (as round); by implication, an idol

idols

Word Breakdown

Vowels & Accents

Grammar Vhv2mp

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Brown-Driver-Briggs (BDB)

Strong's Definition H5046

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Grammar Rd/Ncmpa

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Brown-Driver-Briggs (BDB)

Strong's Definition H1471

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Grammar C/Vhv2mp

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Brown-Driver-Briggs (BDB)

Strong's Definition H8085

Word Breakdown

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Grammar C/Vqv2mp

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Brown-Driver-Briggs (BDB)

Strong's Definition H5375

Word Breakdown

Vowels & Accents

Grammar Ncmsa

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Brown-Driver-Briggs (BDB)

Strong's Definition H5251

Word Breakdown

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Grammar Vhv2mp

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Brown-Driver-Briggs (BDB)

Strong's Definition H8085

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Grammar Tn

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Brown-Driver-Briggs (BDB)

Strong's Definition H408

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Grammar Vpj2mp

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Brown-Driver-Briggs (BDB)

Strong's Definition H3582

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Grammar Vqv2mp

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Brown-Driver-Briggs (BDB)

Strong's Definition H559

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Grammar VNp3fs

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Brown-Driver-Briggs (BDB)

Strong's Definition H3920

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Grammar Np

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Brown-Driver-Briggs (BDB)

Strong's Definition H894

Word Breakdown

Vowels & Accents

Grammar Vhp3ms

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Brown-Driver-Briggs (BDB)