Job 12:23

מַשְׂגִּ֣יא לַ֭גּוֹיִם וַֽיְאַבְּדֵ֑ם שֹׁטֵ֥חַ לַ֝גּוֹיִ֗ם וַיַּנְחֵֽם
He increaseth the nations, and destroyeth them: he enlargeth the nations, and straiteneth them again.
Connections

Isaiah 9:3

הִרְבִּיתָ הַגּוֹי ‫(לא)‬ לוֹ הִגְדַּלְתָּ הַשִּׂמְחָה שָׂמְחוּ לְפָנֶיךָ כְּשִׂמְחַת בַּקָּצִיר כַּאֲשֶׁר יָגִילוּ בְּחַלְּקָם שָׁלָֽל׃
3
Thou hast multiplied the nation, and not increased the joy: they joy before thee according to the joy in harvest, and as men rejoice when they divide the spoil.

Isaiah 26:15

יָסַפְתָּ לַגּוֹי יְהוָה יָסַפְתָּ לַגּוֹי נִכְבָּדְתָּ רִחַקְתָּ כָּל-קַצְוֵי-אָֽרֶץ׃
15
Thou hast increased the nation, O LORD, thou hast increased the nation: thou art glorified: thou hadst removed it far unto all the ends of the earth.

Isaiah 60:22

הַקָּטֹן יִֽהְיֶה לָאֶלֶף וְהַצָּעִיר לְגוֹי עָצוּם אֲנִי יְהוָה בְּעִתָּהּ אֲחִישֶֽׁנָּה׃
22
A little one shall become a thousand, and a small one a strong nation: I the LORD will hasten it in his time.

Psalms 107:38

וַיְבָרֲכֵם וַיִּרְבּוּ מְאֹד וּבְהֶמְתָּם לֹא יַמְעִֽיט׃
38
He blesseth them also, so that they are multiplied greatly; and suffereth not their cattle to decrease.

Exodus 1:20

וַיֵּיטֶב אֱלֹהִים לַֽמְיַלְּדֹת וַיִּרֶב הָעָם וַיַּֽעַצְמוּ מְאֹֽד׃
20
Therefore God dealt well with the midwives: and the people multiplied, and waxed very mighty.

Jeremiah 30:19

וְיָצָא מֵהֶם תּוֹדָה וְקוֹל מְשַׂחֲקִים וְהִרְבִּתִים וְלֹא יִמְעָטוּ וְהִכְבַּדְתִּים וְלֹא יִצְעָֽרוּ׃
19
And out of them shall proceed thanksgiving and the voice of them that make merry: and I will multiply them, and they shall not be few; I will also glorify them, and they shall not be small.

Jeremiah 33:22

אֲשֶׁר לֹֽא-יִסָּפֵר צְבָא הַשָּׁמַיִם וְלֹא יִמַּד חוֹל הַיָּם כֵּן אַרְבֶּה אֶת-זֶרַע דָּוִד עַבְדִּי וְאֶת-הַלְוִיִּם מְשָׁרְתֵי אֹתִֽי׃
22
As the host of heaven cannot be numbered, neither the sand of the sea measured: so will I multiply the seed of David my servant, and the Levites that minister unto me.

Isaiah 51:2

הַבִּיטוּ אֶל-אַבְרָהָם אֲבִיכֶם וְאֶל-שָׂרָה תְּחוֹלֶלְכֶם כִּי-אֶחָד קְרָאתִיו וַאֲבָרְכֵהוּ וְאַרְבֵּֽהוּ׃
2
Look unto Abraham your father, and unto Sarah that bare you: for I called him alone, and blessed him, and increased him.

Zechariah 10:8

אֶשְׁרְקָה לָהֶם וַאֲקַבְּצֵם כִּי פְדִיתִים וְרָבוּ כְּמוֹ רָבֽוּ׃
8
I will hiss for them, and gather them; for I have redeemed them: and they shall increase as they have increased.

Isaiah 27:6

הַבָּאִים יַשְׁרֵשׁ יַֽעֲקֹב יָצִיץ וּפָרַח יִשְׂרָאֵל וּמָלְאוּ פְנֵי-תֵבֵל תְּנוּבָֽה׃
6
He shall cause them that come of Jacob to take root: Israel shall blossom and bud, and fill the face of the world with fruit.

Exodus 1:7

וּבְנֵי יִשְׂרָאֵל פָּרוּ וַֽיִּשְׁרְצוּ וַיִּרְבּוּ וַיַּֽעַצְמוּ בִּמְאֹד מְאֹד וַתִּמָּלֵא הָאָרֶץ אֹתָֽם׃
7
And the children of Israel were fruitful, and increased abundantly, and multiplied, and waxed exceeding mighty; and the land was filled with them.
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Job 12:23
Masoretic Phrasing
This book is chanted to the poetic accent system (used only in Job, Psalms, and Proverbs). Each group below ends at one of its pausing accents — translate a group as one unit.
מַשְׂגִּ֣יא לַ֭גּוֹיִם Dechi — a lesser break וַֽיְאַבְּדֵ֑ם Atnach — the verse's main pause — take a breath here שֹׁטֵ֥חַ לַ֝גּוֹיִ֗ם Revia Mugrash — a lesser break וַיַּנְחֵֽם Silluq — end of the verse
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Word Parts
מַשְׂגִּ֣יא
מַשְׂגִּ֣יא
Root word increaseth, magnify
Dictionary form: שָׂגָא · saw-ɡAW
Vowels & Accents
Hebrew Alephbet
Grammar Vhrmsa
Verb — Hiphil, Participle Active, masculine singular, absolute state causative — "he made (someone) do" ongoing action — try "___ing" or "one who ___s"
מַשְׂגִּיא Speech Verb Stem Hiphil Type Participle Active Gender Masculine Number Singular State Absolute
In English
In the KJV here: he increaseth
he increaseth ×1 thou magnify ×1
More options
increase — Most neutral; fits growth in quantity or power.
grow great — Captures elevation in status or prominence.
magnify — Suits contexts of exalting God or a person's renown.
exalt — Prefer for deliberate, honorific elevation of status.
become mighty — Emphasizes strength or dominance gained over time.
Brown-Driver-Briggs (BDB)

BDB8160 H7679

BDB8159 | BIBLICAL HEBREW | BDB8161

[שָׂגָא] verb grow, grow great (√ only in Job; Aramaism; compare Aramaic סְגִי, סְגָא, , all increase, grow great; Old Aramaic, Biblical Aramaic, Palmyrene שג(י)א adjective much); —

Qal Imperfect 3 masculine singular metaplastic יִשְׂגֶּא Job 8:11 (of plant; metaplastic from Ges«GKC:75oo»§ 75oo; > van d. H. יִשְׂגֶּה).
Hiph`il 1. make great, participle מַשְׂגִּיא לַגּוֺיִם Job 12:23 he maketh the nations great (see ל 3 b).
2. magnify, laud, 2 masculine singular תַּשְׂגִּיא פעלו Job 36:24 that thou magnify his work; — see שׂגה.

BDB9912 H7680 H7679

BDB9911 | BIBLICAL ARAMAIC | BDB9913

[שְׂגָא] verb grow great (ᵑ7 ׳ס, Syriac ; see Biblical Hebrew שׂגא (Aramaism in Job); —

Pe`al Imperfect 3 masculine singular, יִשְׂגֵּא, of injury Ezra 4:22 ׳שְׁלָֽמְכוֺןיִשְׂ Dan 3:31; Dan 6:26.

Strong's Definition H7679
increaseth, magnify
śāgāʾ
to grow, i.e., (causatively) to enlarge, (figuratively) laud
  • to increase, grow, magnify, grow great
    • (Hiphil)
      • to make great
        • "to magnify, laud
Variations 2 forms of this word
Translations 2 English renderings
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Word Parts
לַ ֭גּוֹיִם
לַ
Prefix — preposition to, for + "the" (the article is absorbed into the prefix)
֭גּוֹיִם
Root word nations, heathen, nation, gentiles, people, …
Dictionary form: גּוֹי · ɡoy
Vowels & Accents
לַ
Hidden "the" לַ = the preposition + the article הַ squeezed together: the "a" vowel under the prefix is the swallowed "the". Translate "to the ___".
Hebrew Alephbet
Grammar Rd/Ncmpa
Noun — Common, masculine plural, absolute state plural — usually add "-s"
לַ Speech Preposition Type Definite Article
גּוֹיִם Speech Noun Type Common Gender Masculine Number Plural State Absolute
In English
In the KJV here: the nations
nations ×93 the nations ×67 nation ×47 the heathen ×43 of the heathen ×35 among the heathen ×32 of the nations ×29 a nation ×25
More options
nation — Most general; fits political or ethnic groupings broadly.
people — Emphasizes collective identity; good for poetic contexts.
Gentile — Use when contrasting non-Israelites with Israel specifically.
foreign nation — Highlights otherness; useful in prophetic or legal texts.
ethnic group — Modern academic tone; suits sociological or descriptive passages.
pagan — Carries religious outsider nuance; use cautiously, context-dependent.
Brown-Driver-Briggs (BDB)

BDB1551 H1471

BDB1550 | BIBLICAL HEBREW | BDB1552

גּוֺי561 noun masculineGen 12:2 nation, people (Late Hebrew id. Gentiles, Phoenician גו community, , Sabean גו id., DHMZMG 1883, 348) — ׳ג Gen 12:2 + 121 t.; suffix 1 singular גּוֺיִ Zeph 2:9, גּוֺיֶ֑ךָ Ps 106:5, גּוֺיֵךְ Kt Ezek 36:13; Ezek 36:14; Ezek 36:15 (Qr wrongly גּוֺיַיִךְ compare Co, who strike out vEzek 36:15); plural גּוֺיִם Gen 10:5 + 410 t. + Qr Gen 25:23; Ps 79:10 (Kt גיים) + 6 t. Ezekiel (variant reading emended Co); construct גּוֺיֵי Gen 18:18 + 8 t., גּוֺיֵ 2Chr 32:13; Ezra 6:21 (compare Baer's notes); suffix גּוֺיֵהֶם Gen 10:5; Gen 10:20; Gen 10:31; Gen 10:32 —

1. nation, people Gen 10:5 (twice in verse); Gen 10:20; Gen 10:31; Gen 10:32 (twice in verse) (all P) +; Isa 2:2; Isa 2:4 (twice in verse) = Mic 4:2; Mic 4:3 (twice in verse); Job 12:23 (twice in verse); Job 34:29 ; Prov 14:34 כֹּל גּוֺיֵי הָאָרֶץ Gen 18:18; Gen 22:18; Gen 26:4 (all J); Deut 28:1.
  a. specifically of descendants of Abraham, גּוֺי גָּדוֺל Gen 12:2 compare Gen 18:18 (both J), גּוֺיִם Gen 17:6, הֲמוֺן גּוֺיִם Gen 17:4; Gen 17:15 (all P); of Sarah גּוֺיִם Gen 17:16 (P); of Ishmael גּוֺי Gen 21:13, גָּוֺי גָּדוֺל vGen 21:18 (both E), גּוֺי גָּדוֺל Gen 17:20 (P); of Jacob גּוֺי וּקְהַל גּוֺיִם Gen 35:11 (P), גּוֺי גָּדוֺל Gen 46:3 (E); of Ephraim ׳מְלֹא הַגּ Gen 48:19 (J); of Moses גּוֺי גָּדוֺל Exod 32:10 (J) compare Num 14:12 (J) Deut 9:14 of Jacob and Esau as two nations Gen 25:23 (J).
  b. definitely of Israel Exod 19:6 (קָדוֺשׁ ׳גּ) Exod 33:13 (both J E), Deut 4:6 (הַגּוֺי הַגָּדוֺל הַזֶּה, said by heathen compare vDeut 4:7 vDeut 4:8) see also vDeut 4:34, Deut 26:5 compare Ps 33:12; Ps 83:5 (said by enemies) Jer 31:36; Jer 33:24; Ezek 37:22 in narrative Josh 3:17; Josh 4:1; Josh 5:8 (JE), vJosh 5:6 (D), Josh 10:13 (in poetry, no article); of Israel and Judah as two nations Ezek 35:10 (said by heathen) Ezek 37:22 of Judah Isa 26:2; Isa 26:15 (twice in verse); compare Isa 58:2; Isa 60:22; Mic 4:7 once my people Zeph 2:9 (|| עַם); thy people Ps 106:5 (i.e. of ׳י), compare also Ezek 36:13; Ezek 36:14 (read Kt); especially of Israel and (or) Judah as sinful, rebellious Deut 32:28; Judg 2:20; Isa 1:4; Isa 10:6; Jer 5:9; Jer 5:29; Jer 7:28; Jer 9:8; Jer 12:17; (strike out ᵐ5 Co) Hag 2:14; Mal 3:9. — Note. This definite reference to Israel and (or) Judah is comparatively rare; in Hexateuch not P (yet see Gen 17:4; Gen 17:5; Gen 17:6; Gen 17:16; Gen 35:11 P); seldom in exile & post-exile prophets; not Chronicles —
  c. usually of non-Hebrew peoples Exod 9:24; Exod 34:10 (JE) Lev 25:44 (H) Num 14:15 (J) Deut 15:6 (twice in verse); 1Kgs 5:11; 1Chr 14:17; 1Chr 16:20; Isa 11:10; Isa 11:12 + often; opposed to Israel as ׳עם י 2Sam 7:23; 1Chr 17:21 (twice in verse) etc., see עם, compare also Num 23:9 note especially גְּלִיל הַגּוֺיִם Isa 8:23 circle or district of the nations (see גָּלִיל); also ׳חֲרשֶׁת הַגּ Judg 4:2; Judg 4:13; Judg 4:16 Charosheth of the nations, & מֶלֶךְ גּוֺיִם לְגִלְגָּ֖ל Josh 12:23 king of nations (peoples, tribes) belonging to Gilgal (ᵐ5 Di to the district, i.e 'Galilee'); especially of these peoples as heathen: idolatrous Lev 8:24; Lev 8:28 (P) Lev 20:23 (H) 1Kgs 14:24; 2Kgs 17:8; 2Kgs 17:11; 2Kgs 17:15; 2Kgs 17:26; 2Kgs 17:29 (twice in verse); 2Chr 28:3; 2Chr 32:13 +, Ezra 6:21; Ezek 5:6 +; hostile Gen 15:14 (J) Lev 26:33; Lev 26:38; Lev 26:45 (H) Deut 4:27; Deut 9:4; Deut 9:5; Deut 18:9; 1Chr 16:35; Jer 5:15; Ezek 4:13 + often Jeremiah Ezekiel, etc.; in simile Ezek 20:32; Ezek 25:8 sometimes || עַם Ps 33:10; Ps 33:12; Isa 11:10; Jer 6:18, see also Isa 2:2; Isa 2:4 compare with Mic 4:1; Mic 4:3.
2. figurative of swarm of locusts Joel 1:6 of all species of beasts Zeph 2:14.
3. גּוֺיִם Gen 14:1; Gen 14:9 probably mutilated proper name see below

BDB1554 H1471

BDB1553 | BIBLICAL HEBREW | BDB1555

גּוֺיִם proper name, of a people Gen 14:1; Gen 14:9, in phrase תִּדְעָל מֶלֶךְ גּוֺיִם Tid`al king of Goim; probably a Babylonian (Elamitic, etc.) name corrupted; H. Rawlinson proposes Gutî a people northeast of Babylonia COT on Gen 14:1 also KGF258 and elsewhere; compare also DlPa 233 f.

גול see גיל.

BDB3195 H2800 H1471

BDB3194 | BIBLICAL HEBREW | BDB3196

II. חֲר֫שֶׁת proper name, of a location only in combination ׳ח הַגּוֺיִם, „arosheth of the nations (see גּוֺי), Judg 4:2; Judg 4:13; Judg 4:16 perhaps modern el-„arit¾îye, on right bank of lower Kishon, see ThomsonLand and Book; Central Palestine, 1883, 215 ff. BdPal 241 Be Bla CookeHist. Deb. 3 GASmGeog. 393.

חֲרָשִׁים see חָרָשׁ and גַּיְא; also II. חֶרֶשׁ. above &

Strong's Definition H1471
nations, heathen, nation, gentiles, people, …
gôy
a foreign nation; hence, a Gentile; also (figuratively) a troop of animals, or a flight of locusts
  • (n m) nation, people
    • nation, people
      • usually of non-Hebrew people
        • "of descendants of Abraham"of Israel
      of swarm of locusts, other animals (figuratively)"(n pr m) Goyim
Variations 52 forms of this word
Translations 107 English renderings
Goiim A king of Goyim who fought against Chedorlaomer. Nation
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Word Parts
וַֽ יְאַבְּדֵ ֑ם
וַֽ
Prefix — connector and (sometimes: but, so, then)
יְאַבְּדֵ
Root word perish, destroy, destroyed, perished, lost, …
֑ם
Suffix — pronoun their / them
Dictionary form: אָבַד · aw-BAHD
Vowels & Accents
וַ
Vav-consecutive (wayyiqtol) The וַ prefix — vav with patach — flips this verb into story-telling past: translate "and (he) ___ed", not "will ___".
Hebrew Alephbet
Grammar C/Vpw3ms/Sp3mp
Verb — Piel, Sequential Imperfect (Wayyiqtol), third person masculine singular intensive — "he really / thoroughly did" story-telling past — try "and he ___ed" the built-in subject is "he (or it)"
וַֽ Speech Conjunction
יְאַבְּדֵ Speech Verb Stem Piel Type Sequential Imperfect (Wayyiqtol) Person Third Person Gender Masculine Number Singular
ם Speech Suffix Type Pronominal Person Third Person Gender Masculine Number Plural
In English
In the KJV here: and destroyeth
shall perish ×19 perish ×14 and destroy ×7 is perished ×5 to destroy ×5 and destroyed ×4 and to destroy ×4 perished ×4
More options
perish — Modernized from KJV; best for natural death or ruin.
be destroyed — Passive sense; prefer when an agent causes the end.
be lost — Suits stray animals, people, or things gone missing.
be ruined — Good for contexts of collapse, decay, or total loss.
be wiped out — Vivid; suits judgment or warfare contexts.
vanish — Emphasizes disappearance; fits poetic or metaphorical uses.
Brown-Driver-Briggs (BDB)

BDB6 H6 H8

BDB5 | BIBLICAL HEBREW | BDB7

אָבַד verb perish (MI אבד, Assyrian abâtu DlW 184 Aramaic אֲבַד, ). —

Qal Perfect ׳א Num 21:30 +; אָֽבְדוּ Ps 10:16 + (+ Ezek 6:3 ᵐ5 Co) etc.; Imperfect יאֹבַד Job 3:3; Jer 4:9 יאֹבֵ֑דּ Job 20:7 + 2 t.; 3 feminine singular תּאֹבַד Deut 22:3 + 4 t.; תּאֹבֵ֑ד Job 8:13 + 3 t.; יאֹבְדוּ Judg 5:31 + 3 t.; יאֹבֵ֑דוּ Job 4:9 +; 3 feminine plural וַתּאֹבַדְנָה 1Sam 9:3 תּאֹבֵדוּן Deut 4:26 +; נאֹבֵ֑ד Jonah 1:6; Jonah 3:9 נאֹבְדָה Jonah 1:14, etc.; Infinitive absolute אָבדֹ Deut 4:26 + 2 t.; construct אֲבדֹ Deut 7:20; Prov 11:10 אֲבָדְךָ Deut 28:20 אָבְדֶ֑ךָ Deut 28:22 אֲבָדְכֶם Josh 23:13 אָבְדָם Obad 1:12; Prov 28:28 Participle אוֺבֵד Deut 26:5 + 7:t.; construct אֹבַד Deut 32:28 (before ע ? see Di. Bö§ 378); etc.
1. perish, die, of individuals (mostly late) Num 17:27 (|| נוע & (v.Num 17:28) מות, (also Deut 26:5 ? compare below) Jonah 1:6; Jonah 1:14; Job 31:19 compare Job 29:13; Prov 31:6; Esth 4:14; Esth 4:16 (twice in verse); Mic 4:9; Jer 40:15 compare Isa 57:1; Prov 11:10; Prov 28:28; Eccl 7:15; Ps 119:92 emphasis on mortality Job 4:20; Ps 146:4; Eccl 9:6 Saul & Jonathan, under figure of weapons 2Sam 1:27 lion Job 4:11 caravan Job 6:18 (compare Di); compare מִןהָֿאָרֶץ חָסִיד ׳א Mic 7:2, מֶלֶח מֵעַזָּה ׳וא Zech 9:5 perish, be exterminated (judgment for sin), of Israel Lev 26:38; Deut 8:19 (twice in verse); Deut 8:20; Deut 28:20; Deut 20:22; Deut 30:18 (twice in verse); Jer 27:10; Jer 27:15 compare Jer 6:21; Obad 1:12 compare Ps 80:17; Isa 27:13 other nations Deut 7:20; Jer 10:15; Jer 51:18; Ps 2:12; Ps 10:16; Ps 83:18 compare Ps 9:4; Amos 1:8; Isa 41:11; Isa 60:12 compare Jonah 3:9 see also Exod 10:7; Num 21:29; Num 21:30 (JE) Jer 48:46 house of Ahab 2Kgs 9:8 wicked in general Judg 5:31; Job 4:9 compare vJob 4:7, Ps 37:20; Ps 49:11; Ps 68:3 (|| simile of melting wax), Ps 73:27; Ps 92:10 also Prov 19:9; Prov 21:18 ׳לָנֶצַח א Job 20:7 compare ׳דֶּרֶח רְשָׁעִים א Ps 1:6 followed by מֵעַל הָאָ֑רֶץ (of annihilation of Israel) Deut 4:26 (twice in verse); Deut 11:17; Josh 23:13; Josh 23:16 (D); followed by מִתּוֺח הַקָּהָל (of Korah's company) Num 16:33 (JE); perish, be ruined, destroyed, of inanimate things, e.g. land Jer 9:11 (|| נִצְּתָה כַמִּדְבָּר compare Jer 48:8 harvest Joel 1:11 Jonah's gourd Jonah 4:10 riches Jer 48:36; Eccl 5:13 vessel Ps 31:13 houses Amos 3:15 (so often Assyrian Dlw); city Ezek 26:17 (but strike out ᵐ5 Co); compare bamôth Ezek 6:3 ᵐ5 Co; heavens & earth Ps 102:27.
2. figurative perish, vanish, subject memory Job 18:17; Ps 9:7 name Ps 41:6 (i.e. be forgotten); vigour Job 30:2 wisdom Isa 29:14 compare אֹבַד עֵצוֺת Deut 32:28 אֱמוּנָה Jer 7:28 (|| נִכְרְתָה); חָזוֺן Ezek 12:22 יוֺם Job 3:3 (i.e. be blotted out); לֵב Jer 4:9 (i.e. courage fail); תִּקְוָה Ps 9:19; Prov 10:28; Prov 11:7; Ezek 19:5; Ezek 37:11; Job 8:13 so תַּאֲוָה Ps 112:10 (i.e. comes to naught); תּוֺחֶלֶת Prov 11:7, followed by מִן + agent Lam 3:18 עֵצָה + תּוֺרָה followed by מן + persons negligent Jer 18:18; Ezek 7:26, compare Jer 49:7 especially מָנוֺס מִןֿ ׳א (i.e. they could not escape) Amos 2:14; Jer 25:35; Job 11:20; Ps 142:5.
3. be lost, strayed, asses 1Sam 9:3; 1Sam 9:20 sheep Jer 50:6; Ezek 34:4; Ezek 34:16; Ps 119:176 (figurative of erring men); perhaps Deut 26:5. Pi`el causative of Qal. — Perfect אִבַּד 2Kgs 21:3 + 2 t.; suffix וְאִבֶּדְךָ Co Ezek 28:16 compare below; אִבַּדְתִּי Jer 15:7 וְאִבַּדְתִּ֫י Ezek 6:3 (ᵐ5 Co וְאָֽבְּדוּ) etc.; Imperfect יְאַבֵּד Eccl 9:18 וִיאַבֵּד Eccl 7:7; Zeph 2:13 1 singular suffix וָאַבֶּדְךָ Ezek 28:16 (for ׳וָאֲאַבּ Ew§ 72 c Ol§ 79 a Kö I:338 Ges«GKC:68»§ 68 fin; but Co 3 masculine singular; see also Co Ezek 38:14); תְּאַבְּדוּן Deut 12:2 etc.; Infinitive absolute אַבֵּד Deut 12:2 + 3 t.; construct id. Ezek 22:27 + etc.; Participle מְאַבְּדִים Jer 23:1.
1. cause to perish, destroy, kill, object person (mostly late) 2Kgs 11:1; Esth 3:9; Esth 4:7; Esth 8:5; Esth 9:24 || הרג Esth 9:6; Esth 9:12 || הרג + השׁמיד Esth 3:13; Esth 7:4; Esth 8:11 || המם Esth 9:24 compare Ps 119:95 object נְפָשׁוֺת Ezek 22:17 (strike out ᵐ5 Co); in judgment, subject ׳י Ps 5:7 compare Prov 1:32 followed by מִתּוֺח Ezek 28:16 object a people 2Kgs 13:7; 2Kgs 19:18 = Isa 37:19; Job 12:13 in judgment Deut 11:4; Jer 12:17; Jer 15:7; Zeph 2:13; Ps 9:6 compare Ps 21:11 object inanimate things especially idols, bamôth etc., Num 33:52 (twice in verse); (J) Deut 12:2 (twice in verse); 2Kgs 21:3; Ezek 6:3 (but compare ᵐ5 Co above); bars of Zion Lam 2:9 (|| שִׁבַּר).
2. figurative cause to vanish, blot out, do away with names of idols Deut 12:3 voice of Babylon Jer 51:55 memory of dead Isa 26:14 substance Prov 29:3 understanding Eccl 7:7 good ( טוֺבָה q. v.) Eccl 9:18.
3. cause to stray, lose; object Israel under figure of flock Jer 23:1 (|| הֵפִיץ); absolute Eccl 3:6 (|| בִּקֵּשׁ). Hiph`il Perfect וְהֶאֱבִּיד Num 24:19 הֶאֱבַ֑דְתָּ Job 14:19 etc.; Imperfect אֹבִידָה Jer 46:8 (Ges«GKC:68»§ 68, 2 R. 1). Infinitive construct הַאֲבִיד 2Kgs 10:19 + etc.; Participle מַאֲבִיד Deut 8:20.
1. destroy, put to death, in judgment, (subject ׳י) object person Lev 23:30 (followed by מִקֶּרֶב עַמָּהּ; || כָּרַת vLev 23:29); Jer 49:38 (followed by מִשָּׁם); Obad 1:8 (followed by מֵאֱדוֺם); object nation, Ammon Ezek 25:7 (followed by מןהֿארצות; || כָּרַת), compare vEzek 25:16 Canaanites Deut 8:20 (followed by מִפְּנֵיכֶם); Canaan = Philistines Zeph 2:5 (|| כָּרַת); especially Israel Deut 28:51; Deut 28:63 (|| הִשְׁמִיד), compare Josh 7:7 also absolute Jer 18:7 (|| לִנְתוֺשׁ וְלִנְתוֺץ); = Jer 1:10 (+ וְלַהֲרוֺס) = Jer 31:28 (+ וּלְהָרֵעַ); animals Ezek 32:13 (followed by מֵעַל מַיִם רַבִּים); compare Deut 7:10; Ps 143:12 (|| הִצְמִית); (human subject), object servants of Baal 2Kgs 10:19, object nation Deut 9:3, compare Num 24:19 (E; followed by מֵעִיר); 2Kgs 24:2 compare Jer 46:8 object inanimate, chariots Mic 5:9 idols Ezek 30:13 (strike out B Co).
2. figurative, object name of kings Deut 7:24 (followed by מִתַּחַת הַשָּׁמַיִם); hope Job 14:19 voice of mirth etc. Jer 25:10 (compare Jer 51:55 Pi`el above)

BDB9265 H6 H7

BDB9264 | BIBLICAL ARAMAIC | BDB9266

[אֲבַד] verb perish (Biblical Hebrew); —

Pe`al mpl. 3 masculine plural יֵאבַ֫דוּ (not וּן- see K§ 26, 1) Jer 10:11 they shall persish, pass away. Haph`el (Old Aramaic האבד Lzb205 Cooke189) destoy: Imperfect 2 masculine singular אַלתְּֿהוֺבֵד (K§ 41 c) Dan 2:24(c.ל person); 3 masculine plural יְהוֺבְדוּן vDan 2:18(indefinite subject; accusative of person); Infinitive לְהוֺבָדָא vDan 2:12 vDan 2:24 (both with ל person), דָה- Dan 7:26 (absolute). Hoph`al (K§ 41 c WCG 225) be destroyed: Perfect 3 masculine singular הוּבַד Dan 7:11.

Strong's Definition H6
perish, destroy, destroyed, perished, lost, …
ʾābad
properly, to wander away, i.e., lose oneself; by implication to perish (causative, destroy)
  • perish, vanish, go astray, be destroyed
    • (Qal)
      • perish, die, be exterminated
        • "vanish (figuratively)"be lost, strayed
      (Piel)
      • to destroy, kill, cause to perish, to give up (as lost), exterminate
        • "to blot out (figuratively), do away with (figuratively), cause to vanish (figuratively)"cause to stray, lose
      (Hiphil)
      • to destroy, put to death
        • of divine judgment
        object name of kings (figuratively)
Variations 107 forms of this word
Translations 110 English renderings
Search every verse
Word Parts
שֹׁטֵ֥חַ
שֹׁטֵ֥חַ
Root word spread, abroad, enlargeth, out
Dictionary form: שָׁטַח · shaw-TA
Vowels & Accents
Hebrew Alephbet
Grammar Vqrmsa
Verb — Qal, Participle Active, masculine singular, absolute state simple action — "he did" ongoing action — try "___ing" or "one who ___s"
שֹׁטֵחַ Speech Verb Stem Qal Type Participle Active Gender Masculine Number Singular State Absolute
In English
In the KJV here: them he enlargeth
and spread ×1 and they shall spread ×1 and they spread ×1 them all abroad ×1 them he enlargeth ×1 upon thee i have stretched out ×1
More options
spread out — Most natural modern equivalent; broadly applicable.
stretch out — Emphasizes extension across a surface or area.
lay out — Practical, flat-surface sense; good for physical objects.
scatter — Implies dispersal over a wide area; looser distribution.
expand — Suits abstract or territorial enlargement contexts.
unfurl — Vivid, slightly elevated register; best for cloth or wings.
Brown-Driver-Briggs (BDB)

BDB8622 H7849

BDB8621 | BIBLICAL HEBREW | BDB8623

[שָׁטַח] verb spread, spread abroad (Late Hebrew id.; Arabic spread out; so Ethiopic Aramaic שְּׁטַח ); —

Qal Perfect 3 plural suffix consecutive לַשֶּׁמֶשׁ וּטָחוּם Jer 8:2 they shall spread them abroad, etc., accusative of many separate things, so Imperfect 3 feminine singular וַקתִּשְׁטַךְ 2Sam 17:19 (עַל location; distinguished from פָּרַשׂ spread covering); 3 masculine plural + infinitive absolute וַיִּשְׁטְחוּ לָהֶם שָׁטוֺחַ Num 11:32 (J) they spread (that is, the quails) for themselves all abroad round about the camp (i.e. to dry them; ᵑ9 siccaverunt; compare Di Gray); Participle שֹׁטֵחַ לַנּוֺיִם Job 12:23 expanding the nations (compare ל 3 b). Pi`el Perfect 1 singular שִׁטַּחְתִּי אֵלֶיךָ כַפָּ֑י Ps 88:10 I have spread out unto thee my palms.

Strong's Definition H7849
spread, abroad, enlargeth, out
šāṭaḥ
to expand
  • to spread, spread abroad, stretch out
    • (Qal)
      • to spread
        • "spreading, expanding (participle)
      (Piel) to spread out
Variations 6 forms of this word
Translations 6 English renderings
Search every verse
Word Parts
לַ ֝גּוֹיִ֗ם
לַ
Prefix — preposition to, for + "the" (the article is absorbed into the prefix)
֝גּוֹיִ֗ם
Root word nations, heathen, nation, gentiles, people, …
Dictionary form: גּוֹי · ɡoy
Vowels & Accents
לַ
Hidden "the" לַ = the preposition + the article הַ squeezed together: the "a" vowel under the prefix is the swallowed "the". Translate "to the ___".
Hebrew Alephbet
Grammar Rd/Ncmpa
Noun — Common, masculine plural, absolute state plural — usually add "-s"
לַ Speech Preposition Type Definite Article
גּוֹיִם Speech Noun Type Common Gender Masculine Number Plural State Absolute
In English
In the KJV here: the nations
nations ×93 the nations ×67 nation ×47 the heathen ×43 of the heathen ×35 among the heathen ×32 of the nations ×29 a nation ×25
More options
nation — Most general; fits political or ethnic groupings broadly.
people — Emphasizes collective identity; good for poetic contexts.
Gentile — Use when contrasting non-Israelites with Israel specifically.
foreign nation — Highlights otherness; useful in prophetic or legal texts.
ethnic group — Modern academic tone; suits sociological or descriptive passages.
pagan — Carries religious outsider nuance; use cautiously, context-dependent.
Brown-Driver-Briggs (BDB)

BDB1551 H1471

BDB1550 | BIBLICAL HEBREW | BDB1552

גּוֺי561 noun masculineGen 12:2 nation, people (Late Hebrew id. Gentiles, Phoenician גו community, , Sabean גו id., DHMZMG 1883, 348) — ׳ג Gen 12:2 + 121 t.; suffix 1 singular גּוֺיִ Zeph 2:9, גּוֺיֶ֑ךָ Ps 106:5, גּוֺיֵךְ Kt Ezek 36:13; Ezek 36:14; Ezek 36:15 (Qr wrongly גּוֺיַיִךְ compare Co, who strike out vEzek 36:15); plural גּוֺיִם Gen 10:5 + 410 t. + Qr Gen 25:23; Ps 79:10 (Kt גיים) + 6 t. Ezekiel (variant reading emended Co); construct גּוֺיֵי Gen 18:18 + 8 t., גּוֺיֵ 2Chr 32:13; Ezra 6:21 (compare Baer's notes); suffix גּוֺיֵהֶם Gen 10:5; Gen 10:20; Gen 10:31; Gen 10:32 —

1. nation, people Gen 10:5 (twice in verse); Gen 10:20; Gen 10:31; Gen 10:32 (twice in verse) (all P) +; Isa 2:2; Isa 2:4 (twice in verse) = Mic 4:2; Mic 4:3 (twice in verse); Job 12:23 (twice in verse); Job 34:29 ; Prov 14:34 כֹּל גּוֺיֵי הָאָרֶץ Gen 18:18; Gen 22:18; Gen 26:4 (all J); Deut 28:1.
  a. specifically of descendants of Abraham, גּוֺי גָּדוֺל Gen 12:2 compare Gen 18:18 (both J), גּוֺיִם Gen 17:6, הֲמוֺן גּוֺיִם Gen 17:4; Gen 17:15 (all P); of Sarah גּוֺיִם Gen 17:16 (P); of Ishmael גּוֺי Gen 21:13, גָּוֺי גָּדוֺל vGen 21:18 (both E), גּוֺי גָּדוֺל Gen 17:20 (P); of Jacob גּוֺי וּקְהַל גּוֺיִם Gen 35:11 (P), גּוֺי גָּדוֺל Gen 46:3 (E); of Ephraim ׳מְלֹא הַגּ Gen 48:19 (J); of Moses גּוֺי גָּדוֺל Exod 32:10 (J) compare Num 14:12 (J) Deut 9:14 of Jacob and Esau as two nations Gen 25:23 (J).
  b. definitely of Israel Exod 19:6 (קָדוֺשׁ ׳גּ) Exod 33:13 (both J E), Deut 4:6 (הַגּוֺי הַגָּדוֺל הַזֶּה, said by heathen compare vDeut 4:7 vDeut 4:8) see also vDeut 4:34, Deut 26:5 compare Ps 33:12; Ps 83:5 (said by enemies) Jer 31:36; Jer 33:24; Ezek 37:22 in narrative Josh 3:17; Josh 4:1; Josh 5:8 (JE), vJosh 5:6 (D), Josh 10:13 (in poetry, no article); of Israel and Judah as two nations Ezek 35:10 (said by heathen) Ezek 37:22 of Judah Isa 26:2; Isa 26:15 (twice in verse); compare Isa 58:2; Isa 60:22; Mic 4:7 once my people Zeph 2:9 (|| עַם); thy people Ps 106:5 (i.e. of ׳י), compare also Ezek 36:13; Ezek 36:14 (read Kt); especially of Israel and (or) Judah as sinful, rebellious Deut 32:28; Judg 2:20; Isa 1:4; Isa 10:6; Jer 5:9; Jer 5:29; Jer 7:28; Jer 9:8; Jer 12:17; (strike out ᵐ5 Co) Hag 2:14; Mal 3:9. — Note. This definite reference to Israel and (or) Judah is comparatively rare; in Hexateuch not P (yet see Gen 17:4; Gen 17:5; Gen 17:6; Gen 17:16; Gen 35:11 P); seldom in exile & post-exile prophets; not Chronicles —
  c. usually of non-Hebrew peoples Exod 9:24; Exod 34:10 (JE) Lev 25:44 (H) Num 14:15 (J) Deut 15:6 (twice in verse); 1Kgs 5:11; 1Chr 14:17; 1Chr 16:20; Isa 11:10; Isa 11:12 + often; opposed to Israel as ׳עם י 2Sam 7:23; 1Chr 17:21 (twice in verse) etc., see עם, compare also Num 23:9 note especially גְּלִיל הַגּוֺיִם Isa 8:23 circle or district of the nations (see גָּלִיל); also ׳חֲרשֶׁת הַגּ Judg 4:2; Judg 4:13; Judg 4:16 Charosheth of the nations, & מֶלֶךְ גּוֺיִם לְגִלְגָּ֖ל Josh 12:23 king of nations (peoples, tribes) belonging to Gilgal (ᵐ5 Di to the district, i.e 'Galilee'); especially of these peoples as heathen: idolatrous Lev 8:24; Lev 8:28 (P) Lev 20:23 (H) 1Kgs 14:24; 2Kgs 17:8; 2Kgs 17:11; 2Kgs 17:15; 2Kgs 17:26; 2Kgs 17:29 (twice in verse); 2Chr 28:3; 2Chr 32:13 +, Ezra 6:21; Ezek 5:6 +; hostile Gen 15:14 (J) Lev 26:33; Lev 26:38; Lev 26:45 (H) Deut 4:27; Deut 9:4; Deut 9:5; Deut 18:9; 1Chr 16:35; Jer 5:15; Ezek 4:13 + often Jeremiah Ezekiel, etc.; in simile Ezek 20:32; Ezek 25:8 sometimes || עַם Ps 33:10; Ps 33:12; Isa 11:10; Jer 6:18, see also Isa 2:2; Isa 2:4 compare with Mic 4:1; Mic 4:3.
2. figurative of swarm of locusts Joel 1:6 of all species of beasts Zeph 2:14.
3. גּוֺיִם Gen 14:1; Gen 14:9 probably mutilated proper name see below

BDB1554 H1471

BDB1553 | BIBLICAL HEBREW | BDB1555

גּוֺיִם proper name, of a people Gen 14:1; Gen 14:9, in phrase תִּדְעָל מֶלֶךְ גּוֺיִם Tid`al king of Goim; probably a Babylonian (Elamitic, etc.) name corrupted; H. Rawlinson proposes Gutî a people northeast of Babylonia COT on Gen 14:1 also KGF258 and elsewhere; compare also DlPa 233 f.

גול see גיל.

BDB3195 H2800 H1471

BDB3194 | BIBLICAL HEBREW | BDB3196

II. חֲר֫שֶׁת proper name, of a location only in combination ׳ח הַגּוֺיִם, „arosheth of the nations (see גּוֺי), Judg 4:2; Judg 4:13; Judg 4:16 perhaps modern el-„arit¾îye, on right bank of lower Kishon, see ThomsonLand and Book; Central Palestine, 1883, 215 ff. BdPal 241 Be Bla CookeHist. Deb. 3 GASmGeog. 393.

חֲרָשִׁים see חָרָשׁ and גַּיְא; also II. חֶרֶשׁ. above &

Strong's Definition H1471
nations, heathen, nation, gentiles, people, …
gôy
a foreign nation; hence, a Gentile; also (figuratively) a troop of animals, or a flight of locusts
  • (n m) nation, people
    • nation, people
      • usually of non-Hebrew people
        • "of descendants of Abraham"of Israel
      of swarm of locusts, other animals (figuratively)"(n pr m) Goyim
Variations 52 forms of this word
Translations 107 English renderings
Goiim A king of Goyim who fought against Chedorlaomer. Nation
Search every verse
Word Parts
וַ יַּנְחֵֽ ם
וַ
Prefix — connector and (sometimes: but, so, then)
יַּנְחֵֽ
Root word lead, led, guide, guided, bringeth, …
ם
Suffix — pronoun their / them
Dictionary form: נָחָה · naw-HAW
Vowels & Accents
וַ
Vav-consecutive (wayyiqtol) The וַ prefix — vav with patach plus a doubling dagesh in the next letter — flips this verb into story-telling past: translate "and (he) ___ed", not "will ___".
Hebrew Alephbet
Grammar C/Vhw3ms/Sp3mp
Verb — Hiphil, Sequential Imperfect (Wayyiqtol), third person masculine singular causative — "he made (someone) do" story-telling past — try "and he ___ed" the built-in subject is "he (or it)"
וַ Speech Conjunction
יַּנְחֵֽ Speech Verb Stem Hiphil Type Sequential Imperfect (Wayyiqtol) Person Third Person Gender Masculine Number Singular
ם Speech Suffix Type Pronominal Person Third Person Gender Masculine Number Plural
In English
In the KJV here: and straiteneth them again
lead ×7 shall guide ×2 to lead ×2 will lead ×2 also he led ×1 and govern ×1 and guided ×1 and he brought ×1
More options
guide — Best default; implies intentional direction along a path.
lead — Slightly more active; good for journeys or exodus contexts.
direct — Emphasizes purposeful routing; suits wisdom or divine contexts.
conduct — Formal register; useful for escorting or official processions.
shepherd — Pastoral metaphor; fits Psalms and care-oriented passages.
steer — Contemporary idiom; good for navigational or strategic guidance.
Brown-Driver-Briggs (BDB)

BDB5106 H5148

BDB5105 | BIBLICAL HEBREW | BDB5107

[נָחָה] verb lead, guide (Arabic go in direction of, turn (eyes) toward); —

Qal Perfect suffix נָחַ֫נִי Gen 24:27 + 2 t.; וְנָָֽחֲךָ Isa 58:11 נָחָם Exod 13:17 2 masculine singular נָחִ֫יתָ Exod 15:13; Ps 77:21 Imperative נְחֵה Exod 32:34 suffix נְחֵנִי Ps 5:9 + 2 t.; — lead, bring, followed by accusative of person, subject man Exod 32:34 (followed by אֶלֿ), compare Ps 60:11; Ps 108:11 (both followed by עַדֿ; || הוביל); usually subject ׳י Gen 24:27 (J; also followed by בַּדֶּרֶךְ + accusative of location), Exod 13:17 (E; followed by דֶּרֶךְ), Exod 15:13 (song; || נהל), Ps 77:21 figurative of guidance in prosperity and righteousness Ps 5:9 (|| הושׁר דרך), Ps 27:11 (followed by בְּאֹרַה; || הורה דרך), Ps 139:24 (followed by בדרך עולם); compare Isa 58:11. Hiph`il Perfect suffix הִנְחַ֫נִי Gen 24:48 2 masculine singular suffix הִנְחִתָם Neh 9:12 Imperfect suffix יַנְחֵ֫נִי Num 23:7; Ps 23:3 יַנְחֶ֫נּוּ Deut 32:12; Prov 18:16 3 feminine singular תַּנְחֶה Prov 6:22, etc.; Infinitive construct suffix לְהַנְחֹתָּם Neh 9:19 לַנְחֹתָם Exod 13:21 — lead, guide (= Qal) followed by accusative of person Num 23:7 (J E; + מִן). — 1Sam 22:4 (+ אֶתפְּֿנֵי), 1Kgs 10:26; 2Kgs 18:11 see below נוח Hiph`il B. — of guiding= treating kindly (the helpless) Job 31:18, of guiding constellations Job 38:32 (|| הוציא); usually subject ׳י Gen 24:48 (J; followed by בַּדֶּרֶךְ) Deut 32:12; Ps 78:14. Ps 78:53. Ps 78:72 (Israel as flock; || רעה); Isa 57:18; Ps 107:30 (followed by אֶלֿ); compare of pillar of cloud Exod 13:21 (J), Neh 9:12; Neh 9:19 also Job 12:23
**read properly וַיַּנִּחֵ֥֥ and leaves them (Jer 14:9) (|| שׁטח), Ps 67:5 especially in path of blessing Ps 23:3; Ps 31:4 (|| נהל), Ps 61:3 (followed by בְּ), Ps 73:24 compare Ps 43:3; Ps 139:10 (|| אחז), Ps 143:10 (followed by בְּ); also of instruction, etc., Prov 6:22; Prov 11:3; Prov 18:16 (followed by לִפְנֵי).

Strong's Definition H5148
lead, led, guide, guided, bringeth, …
nāḥâ
to guide; by implication, to transport (into exile, or as colonists)
  • to lead, guide
    • (Qal) to lead, bring
      • "(Hiphil) to lead, guide
Variations 28 forms of this word
Translations 30 English renderings
Job 12:22
Read Job 12
Job 12:24