Job 15:26

יָר֣וּץ אֵלָ֣יו בְּצַוָּ֑אר בַּ֝עֲבִ֗י גַּבֵּ֥י מָֽגִנָּֽיו
He runneth upon him, even on his neck, upon the thick bosses of his bucklers:
Select a Hebrew word above to see its details.

יָר֣וּץ
יָר֣וּץ
Root word run, ran, guard, posts, running, …
Dictionary form: רוּץ · roots

Verb — Qal, Imperfect (Yiqtol), third person masculine singular simple action — "he did" not-yet-complete action — try "he will ___" or "he ___s" the built-in subject is "he (or it)"

In the KJV here: he runneth
and ran ×12 run ×9 ran ×7 and the guard ×4 of the guard ×4 running ×4 the guard ×4 they shall run ×4
More options
run — Most direct modern rendering; suits narrative and poetry.
rush — Implies urgency or speed; good for vivid action scenes.
race — Emphasizes competitive or swift movement.
dash — Short burst of speed; suits sudden or urgent movement.
sprint — Conveys maximum effort; vivid in athletic or military contexts.
hasten — Highlights urgency over physical motion; good for couriers/messengers.

BDB7822 H7442 H7323 H7321

BDB7821 | BIBLICAL HEBREW | BDB7823

[רוּן] verb overcome (compare Arabic (), with or person, overcome, e.g. of wine); — assumed in Hebrew by Thes (after ᵐ5) and most modern to explain Hithpo`el Participle כְּגִבּוֺר מִתְרוֺנֵן מִיָּ֑יִן Ps 78:65 like a hero overcome by wine (compare || va); AV RV De Che and others shout (√רנן), compare ᵑ7; so Hup-Now, with alternate conjecture מִתְעוֺרֵר, and this sense more suitable (compare LuzzIl Pentateuco iii (1874), 162 (Lev 21:7) Perles79). — Prov 29:6 see רנן, רוץ.

BDB7828 H7323 H7442

BDB7827 | BIBLICAL HEBREW | BDB7829

רוּץ verb run (Late Hebrew id. (rare); Ethiopic , Zinjirli Perfect 1 singular רצת; = Aramaic רְהַט; (WSG 47); compare Assyrian râƒu, be helpful (i.e. run to help?)); —

Qal Perfect 3 masculine singular רָץ Gen 18:7 2 masculine singular רַצְתָּה Jer 12:5, etc.; Imperfect יָרוּץ Hab 2:2 +, יָרֻץ Job 16:14, וַיָּ֫רָץ Gen 18:2 +, וַיָּר֑ץ 2Sam 18:21.; 1 singular suffix ארוצם Jer 50:44 Kt (but < Qr. Hiph`il, see below), etc. [see also רצץ]; Imperative masculine singular רוּץ 2Sam 18:23; 2Kgs 4:26, רֻץ 1Sam 20:36; Zech 2:8 Infinitive construct לָרוּץ 1Sam 20:6 +; Participle רָץ 2Sam 18:22 +, plural רָצִים 1Sam 22:17 +, רָצִין 2Kgs 11:13 (Ges«GKC:87e»§ 87e); —
1. run, with אֶל location Gen 18:7; Gen 24:20 (both J), Num 17:12 (P), אֶל person Gen 24:29 (J; + ה locative), 1Sam 3:5; Isa 55:5 (figurative), with hostility, against, Job 15:26 (figurative), so goat against ram Dan 8:6, עַל person, against Job 16:14 ה locative also Josh 7:22, לְבֵיתוֺ Hag 1:9, לָרַע Isa 59:7; Prov 1:16 accusative of location 1Sam 20:6; 1Sam 17:22; 1Sam 17:48 (+ לִקְרַאת); ב location on (ב II. 2), of horses Amos 6:12, locusts Joel 2:9 into Prov 18:10 (figurative); מִן local 1Sam 4:12, so ᵑ0 2Kgs 23:12 (= he went quickly thence, but text perhaps corrupt, see Kit Benz, and compare Hiph`il below); אַחֲרֵי person 2Sam 18:22; 1Kgs 19:20; 2Kgs 5:20; 2Kgs 5:21; Song 1:4, עַד person 2Kgs 4:22 לִפְנֵי person 2Sam 15:1; 1Kgs 1:5 (both of royal escort, out-runners), 1Kgs 18:46 (+ עַד location), לִפְנֵי of thing 1Sam 8:11 אֵת person accompare Jer 12:5 with accusative of way, אֹרַֹח Ps 19:6, דֶּרֶךְ 2Sam 18:23; Ps 119:132 (figurative); as preliminary, + infinitive לִקְרַאת run to meet Gen 18:2; Gen 24:17; Gen 29:13; Gen 33:4 (all J), 2Kgs 4:26; Jer 51:31, + finite verb Gen 24:28; Gen 29:12 (both J), Num 11:27; Josh 8:19 (both J E), Judg 7:21; Judg 13:10; 1Sam 10:23; 1Sam 17:51; 2Sam 18:19; Ps 59:5 as imperative + imperative 1Sam 20:36; Zech 2:8 absolute 1Sam 20:36; Isa 40:31; 2Chr 23:12 (see 2 a), Prov 4:12; Prov 6:18 (of feet), of locusts Joel 2:4; Joel 2:7 specifically, run as messenger 2Sam 18:21; 2Sam 18:22; 2Sam 18:23 (twice in verse); 2Sam 18:24; 2Sam 18:26 (twice in verse), figurative of prophet's activity Jer 23:21, of ׳י's word Ps 147:15 figurative of reading smoothly, יָרוּץ קוֺרֵא בוֺ Hab 2:2. — Ps 18:30 = 2Sam 22:30 read אָרֹץ (for אָרֻץ, אָרוּץ), √רצץ Ew Ol Che Bae and others
2. Participle as substantive:
  a. plural הָרָצִים the runners properly out-runners, as royal escort, compare verb 2Sam 15:1; 1Kgs 1:5 then) of royal body-guard 1Sam 22:17; 1Kgs 14:27; 1Kgs 14:28 (twice in verse) = 2Chr 12:10; 2Chr 12:11; 2Chr 12:28, 2Kgs 10:25 (twice in verse); 2Kgs 11:4; 2Kgs 11:6; 2Kgs 11:11; 2Kgs 11:19 (twice in verse). — הָרָצִין (הָעָםׅ v2Kgs 11:13 is gloss (Kit Benz; whence [easier] הָעָם הָרָצִים 2Chr 23:12 see 1). — Prov 29:6 for יָרֻן Pinsk Toy favour יָרוּץ.
  b. runner = (royal messenger, post, late), רָץ Jer 51:31 (twice in verse) (|| מַגִּיד), compare Job 9:25 (as swift); הָרָצִים 2Chr 30:6; 2Chr 30:10; Esth 3:13; Esth 3:15, riders בַּסּוּסִים ׳הָר Esth 8:10, רֹבֵי הָרֶכֶשׁ ׳הָר vEsth 8:14. Po`lel Imperfect 3 masculine plural יְרוֺצֵ֑צוּ Nah 2:5 they run swiftly, dart (like lightning; of chariots). Hiph`il cause to run:
1. bring, or move, quickly, Imperfect 3 masculine plural suffix וַיְרִיצֻהוּ, מִן local Gen 41:14 (E), read perhaps also 3 masculine singular וַיָּרֶץ 2Kgs 23:12 (accusative omitted; for ᵑ0 וַיָּרָץ see Qal); ל person, accusative of thing omitted וַיָּרִיצוּ 2Chr 35:13 Imperative masculine singular הָרֵץ 1Sam 17:17 (+ accusative of location, ל person); Imperfect 3 feminine singular תָּרִיץ יָדָיו Ps 68:32 quickly stretch out hands, לֵאלֹהִים (namely, with offerings).
2. with מֵעַל = drive away from, 1 singular, suffix 3 masculine singular, אֲרִיצֶנּוּ Jer 49:19, so read probably also in || Jer 50:44 (Qr אֲרִיצֵם, > Kt ארוצם).

BDB7973 H7442 H7323 H7444

BDB7972 | BIBLICAL HEBREW | BDB7974

רָנַן] verb give a ringing cry (onomatopoetic? compare Arabic cry aloud, also twang (of bowstring); Late Hebrew Pi`el murmur, complain, compare Jewish-Aramaic (not ᵑ7) ); —

Qal Imperfect 3 masculine singular יָרוּן (Ges«GKC:67q»§ 67q) Prov 29:6 (but read perhaps יָרוּץ, Pinsk Toy, see רוּץ 2); 3 feminine singular תָּרֹן Isa 35:6 3 masculine plural יָרֹ֫נוּ Isa 24:14 +, ׳וַיָּר Lev 9:24 3 feminine plural תָּרֹ֫נָּה Prov 1:20; Prov 8:3 Imperative feminine singular רָנִּי Isa 54:1 +, רֹ֫נִּי Isa 12:6 masculine plural רָנּוּ Jer 31:7 +; Infinitive construct בְּרָןֿ Job 38:7 — give a ringing cry:
1. in joy, exultation, || צָהַל Jer 31:7 (שִׂמְחָה ׳ר), Isa 12:6; Isa 24:14 (|| נָשָׂא קוֺל) Isa 54:1 (+רִנָּהפָּצַךְ); || הֵרִיעַ Zeph 3:14 (+שׂמח, עלז), Isa 44:23; Job 38:7 || שָׂמַח Zech 2:14; Ps 35:27; Prov 29:6 (see above); || גִּיל Isa 49:13 (+הֵרִים רִנָּה), || צָוַח Isa 42:11 opposed to צָעַק (cry in distress) Isa 65:14 (מִן of cause); Lev 9:24; Isa 35:6 (subject לָשׁוֺן). — Isa 61:7 is corrupt; read perhaps וָרֹק and spitting, Klo CheHpt.
2. in distress, Lam 2:19.
3. cry aloud, in summons, exhortation (of wisdom) Prov 1:20 (|| נָתַן קוֺל), Prov 8:3. Pi`el Perfect 3 plural consecutive וְרִנְּנוּ Jer 31:12; Jer 51:48 Imperfect 3 feminine singular חְרַנֵּן Ps 51:16, 3 masculine plural יְרַנְּנוּ Ps 84:3 +, יְרַנֵּ֑נוּ Ps 5:12 +; 3 feminine plural חְרַנֵּ֫נָּה Ps 71:23 (van d. H. תְּרַנֵּנָה), etc.; Imperative masculine plural רַנְּנוּ Isa 52:9 +; Infinitive absolute רַנֵּן Ps 132:16, construct id. Isa 35:2 — give a ringing cry, in joy, exultation, especially in praise to ׳י, Jer 31:12; Jer 51:48; Isa 26:19; Isa 35:2 (+גִּילַת, see גִּילָה), Isa 52:8 (|| נָשָׂא קוֺל) vIsa 52:9 (+פָּצַח); elsewhere only Psalms: Ps 5:12 (|| שָׂמַח, עָלַץ), Ps 67:5; Ps 90:14; Ps 92:5 (with ב of thing; all || ׳שׂ alone); Ps 149:5 (|| עָלַז); Ps 98:4 (|| הֵרִיעַ; +פָּצַח, זִמֵּר), Ps 132:9; Ps 145:7, רַנֵּן יְרַנֵּ֑נוּ Ps 132:16 with accusative of theme Ps 51:16; Ps 59:17 (|| שִׁיר); ׳בי Ps 33:1 ב of thing Ps 20:6; Ps 63:8; Ps 89:13 with ׳לי Ps 95:1 (|| הֵרִיעַ), אֶלאֵֿל Ps 84:3, ׳(מִ)לפני י Ps 96:12 (|| עָלַז) = 1Chr 16:33 (|| עָלַץ), Ps 98:8 subject שְׂכָּתַיִם Ps 71:23 (|| זִמֵּר). Pu`al Imperfect 3 masculine singular impersonal לֹא יְרֻנָּן Isa 16:10 no ringing cry shall be given (|| יְרֹעַ֑ע). Hiph`il Imperfect cause to ring out for joy, 1 singular לֵב אַלְמָנָה אַרְנִן Job 29:13 2 masculine singular בֹקֶר וָעֶרֶב תַּרְנִין ׳מוֺצָאֵ Ps 65:9 Imperative masculine plural הַרְנִינוּ ring out a cry of joy Ps 32:11 (|| שׂמח, גיל), ׳לי Ps 81:2 (|| הריע); with accusative of theme, עַמּוֺ Deut 32:43 (see Dr; compare Pi`el). —
Hithpo`1el Ps 78:65 compare רון.

run, ran, guard, posts, running, …
rûṣ
to run (for whatever reason, especially to rush)
  • to run
    • (Qal)
      • to run
        • "runners (participle as subst)
      (Polel) to run swiftly, dart"(Hiphil)
      • to bring or move quickly, hurry
        • "to drive away from, cause to run away

אֵלָ֣י ו
אֵלָ֣י
Preposition unto, to, into, upon, against, …
ו
Suffix — pronoun his / him / it
Dictionary form: אֵל · ale

Preposition

In the KJV here: upon
unto ×2370 to ×907 into ×230 upon ×112 against ×104 and to ×103 in ×63 unto him ×58
More options
to — Default directional/dative preposition; broadest everyday use.
toward — Emphasizes movement or orientation in a direction.
into — Stress entry or transition; spatial or metaphorical penetration.
against — Adversarial or oppositional context; hostility or pressure.
upon — Contact or imposition on a surface or person.
concerning — Topical/referential; use when the sense is 'about' or 'regarding'.

BDB420 H413

BDB419 | BIBLICAL HEBREW | BDB421

אֶל (nearly always followed by Makkeph), in poetry אֱלֵי (compare עֲלֵי, עֲדֵי), but only in Job ( 1Sam 3:22; 1Sam 5:26; 1Sam 15:22; 1Sam 29:19), with suffix אֵלַי, אֵלֶיךָ, אֵלַיִךְ, etc. אֵלֵינוּ, אֲלֵיכֶם & (5 t.) אֲלֵכֶם, אֲלֵיהֶם & אֲלֵהֶם (both very often); once אֵלֵימוֺ Ps 2:5, אֲלֵיהֶן, once אֲלֵהֶן Exod 1:19 (Assyrian ilî, Arabic ), preposition denoting motion to or direction towards (whether physical or mental).

1. of motion to or unto a person or place Gen 2:19; Gen 2:22; Gen 3:19; Gen 8:9; Gen 14:22; Gen 16:9 etc., after every kind of verb expressing motion (בּוֺא, הָלַךְ, יָצָא etc.) So with נָתַן to give (though ל is here more common) Gen 21:14; Gen 35:4; Deut 13:2 +; מָכַר to sell Deut 37:36, etc. Metaph. Jer 2:19 וְלֹא פַחְדָּתִי אֵלַיִךְ and that my fear (cometh) not unto thee (compare Job 31:23). — Peculiarly Gen 6:16 אֶל אַמָּה unto the length of a cubit, etc. And metaphor in the phrase אֶלֿ(אֱלֵיֿ)גִּיל unto exultation Hos 9:11; Job 3:22. Once, exceptionally (si vera 1.) = even: Job 5:5 וְאֶלמִֿצִּגִּים יִקָּחֵהוּ and even out of thorns he taketh it. Sometimes pregnant, as Isa 66:17; Jer 41:7 זָנָה אֶל commit whoredom (by going) to Num 25:1; Ezek 16:26; Ezek 16:28; Ezek 16:29 דָּרֵשׁ אֶל seek (by resorting) to one (that is, for oracles) Deut 18:11; Isa 8:19; Isa 11:10 +; חָבַר אֶל join together (& come) unto Gen 14:3 הִשְׁכִּים אֶל rise early (and go) to Gen 19:27; Gen 24:11 הִבְרִיח אֶל made to kneel down at; Gen 47:18 תַּם אֶל i.e. has been made over to; פָּחַד אֶל to come in fear to Hos 3:5; Mic 7:17. Opposite is מִן, as מִןהַֿקָּצֶה אֶלהַֿקָּצֶה from end to end Exod 26:28 מִפֶּה אֶלפֶּֿה Ezra 9:11 (synonym 2Kgs 21:16 פֶּה לָפֶה). And of time (rare) מֵעֵת אֶלעֵֿת 1Chr 9:25 מִיּוֺם אֶליֿוֺם Num 30:15 (P) 1Chr 16:23 (in the || Ps 96:2 מִיּוֺם לְיוֺם).

2. Where the limit is actually entered, into, Gen 6:18 and thou shalt enter into the ark Gen 7:1; Gen 19:3; Gen 41:21; Gen 42:17 & so after verbs of throwing, casting, putting Gen 37:22 (הִשְׁלִיךְ) Gen 39:20 וַיִּתְּנֵהוּ אֶלבֵּֿית הַסֹּהַר put him into the prison house, Exod 28:30 (Lev 8:8) Deut 23:25 so after קָבַר to bury Gen 23:19; Gen 25:9; Gen 49:29 שָׂחַט to squeeze Gen 40:11 מָחָה to blot out Num 5:23, etc.; metaphor Gen 6:6 was pained into or unto his heart, שָׂם אֶללֵֿב, הֵשִׁיב to place, bring. into ( = lay to) heart Deut 4:39; 2Sam 19:20 and elsewhere In connection with a number or multitude into which something enters, in among: 1Sam 10:22 behold he had hid himself אֶלהַֿכֵּלִים in among the baggage, Jer 4:3 sow not אֶלקֹֿצִים in among thorns.

3. Of direction towards anything:
   (a) of physical acts or states, as Gen 30:40 נָתַן פְּנֵי הַצּאֹן אֶל, Gen 39:7 נָשָׂא עֵינָיו אֶל, Exod 25:20; Num 6:26, נָשָׂא פָנָיו אֶל (2Kgs 9:32 differently), 2Kgs 24:1 שָׁת פָּנָיו אֶל, Josh 8:18; Ps 28:2; 1Kgs 8:29; 1Kgs 8:30 (to pray towards) v1Kgs 8:38 pregnantly חָרֵד אֶל to tremble (turning) to Gen 42:28, תָּמַהּ אֶל to, wonder (turning) towards Gen 43:33; Isa 13:8, פָּחַד אֶל Jer 36:16: without a verb פָּנִים אֶלפָּֿנִים face to face Gen 32:31 +; פֶּה אֶלפֶּֿה Num 12:8 כִּיאֵֿינֶנּוּ אֵלַי Gen 31:5 the face of Laban, that he is not toward me; ׳אֶלפֿ ׳עֵינֵי י the eyes of ׳י are towards . . . Ps 34:16 (compare Ps 33:18).
   (b) with words such as אָמַרto say to Gen 3:1 + often, דִּבֶּר Gen 8:15 + often, קָרָא Gen 19:5, הִחְפַּלֵּל Gen 20:17 etc., שָׁמַע to hearken to Gen 16:11, הִלֵּל to praise to Gen 12:15 (compare Ezek 13:19 חִלֵּל אֶל to profane to), הִזְכִּיר Ezek 40:14.
   (c) with words expressing the direction of the mind, as קִוָּה to wait Ps 27:14 +; יִחַל to hope Isa 51:5 נָשָׂא נֶפֶשׁ אֶל to lift up the soul (i.e. set the desire) towards Deut 24:15; Ps 25:1 שָׂם לֵב אֶל, שָׁת to set the heart (mind) to Exod 9:21 and elsewhere; לָמַד אֶל to accustom oneself to Jer 10:2 חָרֵד אֶל to shew fear towards 2Kgs 4:13; Gen 43:30; Deut 28:32 and thy eyes כָּלוֺת אֲלֵיהֶם failing (with longing) towards them, Lam 4:17; Isa 63:15; 2Sam 3:8; 1Kgs 14:13; Ps 40:6 alone, as predicate, directed or disposed towards, Gen 3:16; Gen 4:7; 2Kgs 6:11 who of ours is towards (i.e. favours) the king of Syria? Hos 3:3 וְגַםאֲֿנִי אֵלָֽיִח׃ Ezek 36:9; Hag 2:17; Jer 15:1 (אֵין נַפְשִׁי אֶל).

4. Where the motion or direction implied appears from the context to be of a hostile character, אֶל = against: Gen 4:8 אֶלהֶֿבֶל ׳וַיָּקָם קand Cain rose up against Abel (so 1Sam 24:8) 1Sam 22:12; Exod 14:5; Num 32:14 with נִקְבַּץ Josh 10:6, הָלַךְ Judg 1:10; Judg 20:30 with בָּא of calamity, etc., coming to or upon any one Gen 42:21; Judg 9:57; 1Sam 2:34; 1Kgs 14:10 +; Isa 2:4; Isa 3:8 their tongue and doings are ׳אֶליֿ Isa 32:6 (לְדַבֵּר אֶל) Hos 7:15 (compare Nah 1:9) Hos 12:5 וַיָּשַׂר אֶלמַֿלְאָךְ and he strove against the angel. Here also belongs in particular the phrase הִנְנִי אֶל ֗֗֗ Behold I am against (thee, you, etc.) Nah 2:14; Nah 3:5; Jer 21:13 (Jer 23:30-32 על) Jer 50:31; Jer 51:25; Ezek 13:8; Ezek 13:20; Ezek 21:8; Ezek 29:10; Ezek 30:22; Ezek 34:10; Ezek 35:3; Ezek 38:3; Ezek 39:1 (Ezek 5:8; Ezek 26:3; Ezek 28:22; Ezek 29:3 על: on Ezek 36:9 see above)

5. Unto sometimes acquires from the context the sense of in addition to, as Lev 18:18 thou shalt not take אִשָּׁה אֶל אֲחוֺתָהּ a woman to, in addition to, her sister, Josh 13:22 (|| Num 31:8 על); 1Sam 14:34 at eat אֶלהַֿחָם together with the blood (1Sam 14:32 & generally עַל); 1Kgs 10:7 הוֺסִיף אֶל (generally עַל); Jer 25:26; Ezek 7:26 שְׁמוּעָה אֶל שְׁמוּעָה || (עלׅ; Ezek 44:7; Lam 3:41 let us lift up לְבָבֵנוּ אֶלכַּֿפָּ֑יִם our hearts together with the hands (compare , Qor 4:2; WAG ii. § 51 c).

6. Metaphor in regard to, concerning, on account of : thus הִתְאַבֵּל to mourn concerning 1Sam 15:35 הִנָּחֵם to repent as regards 2Sam 24:16 דָּרַשׁ to inquire 1Kgs 14:5 הִתְפַּלֵּל to pray with regard to 1Sam 1:27; 2Kgs 19:20 צָעַק to cry 2Kgs 8:3 (2Kgs 8:5 על); נֶעֳצַב be pained 1Sam 20:34 נִחַם to comfort 2Sam 10:2 more generally 1Kgs 16:13; 1Kgs 21:22 אֶלנֶֿפֶשׁ on account of, for the sake of, one's life 1Kgs 19:3; 2Kgs 7:7 (Gen 19:17 על). (עַל is more common in this sense.) And specially with verbs of saying, narrating, telling, etc. with regard to, as אָמַר Gen 20:2; Isa 29:22; Isa 37:21; Isa 37:33 +; דִּבֶּר 2Sam 7:19; Jer 40:16 b; סִפֵּר Ps 2:7; Ps 69:27 צִוָּה Isa 23:11 שָׁמַע Ezek 19:4 הַשְּׁמוּעָה אֶל the report regarding. . . 1Sam 4:19. (Not frequently, ext. in the case of אָמַר.)

7. Of rule or standard, according to (rare): אֶלפִּֿי ֗֗֗ according to the command of, Josh 15:13; Josh 17:4; Josh 21:3 (generally עַלפִּֿי); אֶלנָֿבוֺן according to what is fixed = of a certainty 1Sam 23:23; 1Sam 26:4 (see Dr): perhaps Ps 5:1; Ps 80:1 (Ps 45:1 עַל).

8. Expressing presence at a spot, against; at, by, not merely after verbs expressing or implying motion (compare 1, Gen 24:11), as Josh 11:5 and they came and encamped together אֶלמֵֿי מֵרוֺם at the waters of Merom, 1Sam 5:4 cut off (and fallen) on to the threshold, 2Sam 2:23 and elsewhere and smote him אֶלהַֿחֹמֶשׁ in or on the belly, Deut 33:28; Exod 29:12; Lev 4:7 but also in other cases, as Josh 5:3 and he circumcised the Israelites אֶל against, at the hill of the foreskins, Josh 22:11 have built an altar אֶל גְּלִילוֺת הַיַּרְדֵּן by the districts of Jordan, Judg 12:6 & 2Sam 18:4 אֶליַֿד at the side of (elsewhere לְיַד, עַל יַד), 1Kgs 13:20 as they were sitting אֶלהַֿשֻּׁלְחָן at the table, 2Kgs 11:14 אֶלהַֿמֶּלֶךְ by the king, Jer 41:12 and found him by the great waters, etc., Jer 46:10 אֶלנְֿהַר פְּרָת by the Euphrates, Ezek 3:15; Ezek 11:11; Ezek 17:8; Ezek 31:7; Ezek 40:18; Ezek 43:3; Ezek 47:7; Ezek 48:12.

9. Prefixed to other preps. it combines with them the idea of motion or direction to: thus אֶלאַֿחֲרֵי 2Sam 5:23; 2Kgs 9:18; 2Kgs 9:19 סֹב אֶלאַֿחֲרַי turn to behind me, Zech 6:5 (where אֶל is pleonastic, probably due to clerical error; note יצא אל before & after); אֶלבֵּֿין in between Ezek 31:10; Ezek 31:14 אֵלבֵּֿינוֺת similarly Ezek 10:2 ׳אֶלמִֿבֵּית לְ to (the part) within (see below בַּיִת), in within Lev 16:15; 2Kgs 11:15 || have her forth in within the ranks; אֶלמֿוּל see מוּל; ׳אֶלמִֿנֶּגֶב לְ unto the south of Josh 15:3 ׳אֶלמִֿחוּץ לְ to the outside of Lev 4:12; Lev 4:21 +; אֶלנֹֿכַח to the front of Num 19:4 אֶלתַּֿחַת Judg 6:19; 1Kgs 8:6 and elsewhere (see below תַּחַת).

Note I. — In Gen 20:13 אֶלכָּֿלהַֿמָּקוֺם אֲשֶׁר נָבוֺא ׳שָׁמָּה אִמְרִילִֿי וג; Num 33:54 ׳אֶלאֲֿשֶׁר וג; Prov 17:8 (compare Deut 16:6); — אֶל appears to be used by a species of attraction; the idea of motion involved in the relative clause influencing illogically the beginning of the sentence and causing אֶל to be used instead of בְּ. In Deut 31:14 אֵלֵיהֶם, as pointed, can only be from אַיִל III or IV (q. v.); if the word be taken as the Pronoun with suffix (Hi Ke), אֲלֵיהֶם must be read.

Note 2. — There is a tendency in Hebrew, especially manifest in Samuel Kings Jeremiah Ezekiel, to use אֶל in the sense of עַל; sometimes אֶל being used exceptionally in a phrase or construction which regularly, and in accusative with analogy, has עַל; sometimes, the two prepositions interchanging, apparently without discrimination, in the same or parallel sentences. Thus
   (a) Josh 5:14 וִיִּפֹּל אֶלפָּֿנָיו; 1Sam 13:13 אֶתמַֿמְלַכְתְּךָ אֶליִֿשְׂרָאֵל ׳הֵקִים י; 1Sam 14:34 (see below 5); 1Sam 17:3 עֹמְדִים אֶלהָֿהָר (contractee עַל Deut 11:29); Deut 19:16; 2Sam 6:3; 2Sam 20:23 (contracted 2Sam 8:16) 1Kgs 13:29; 1Kgs 18:46 (contracted 2Kgs 3:15 על) Jer 35:15; Ezek 7:18.
   (b) Judg 6:37 and upon (עַל) all the earth let there be dryness, vJudg 6:39 let there be dryness on (אֶל) the fleece; 1Sam 14:10 come up עָלֵינוּ, v1Sam 14:12 come up אֵלֵינוּ; 1Sam 16; 1Sam 18:10 צָלַח אֶל, 1Sam 10:6 and elsewhere צָלַח עַל; 1Sam 25:17 evil is determined אֶלאֲֿדֹנֵינוּ וְעַל כָּלבֵּֿיתוֺ; v1Sam 25:25; 1Sam 27:10; 2Sam 2:9 וַיַּמְלִכֵהוּ אֶל וְ֗֗֗אֶל וְ֗֗֗אֶל וְ֗֗֗עַל וְ֗֗֗עַל וְ֗֗֗עַל; 2Sam 3:29 יָחֻלוּ עַל ֗֗֗ וְאֶל ֗֗֗ 2Kgs 8:3 & 5; 2Kgs 3; Jer 19:15; Jer 25:2; Jer 26:15 ye lay innocent blood עֲלֵיכֶם וְאֶלהָֿעִיר הַזּאֹת; Jer 27:19; Jer 28:8; Jer 33:14; Jer 34:7; Jer 36:31; Jer 37:13; Jer 37:14; Ezek 18:6; Ezek 18:11 & 15; Ezek 21:12 etc. Ps 79:6 (Jer 10:25 על twice). It is probably that this interchange, at least in many cases, is not original, but due to transcribers.

[Note]

Conversely, though not with the same frequency, עַל occurs where analogy would lead us to expect אֶל, or even in juxtaposition with אֶל, as 1Sam 1:10 הִתְפַּלֵּל עַל to pray to (1Sam 1:26 אֶל); v1Sam 1:13; 1Sam 25:25 אֶלעַ֗֗֗ל; 1Kgs 20:43 וַיֵּלֶךְ עַלבֵּֿיתוֺ (1Kgs 21:4 אֶל); Isa 22:15; Jer 11:2; Jer 23:35; Jer 31:12. compare DrSm i. 13, 13; ii. 8, 7; 15, 4.

unto, to, into, upon, against, …
ʾēl
near, with or among; often in general, to
  • to, toward, unto (of motion)
    • "into (limit is actually entered)
    • in among
    toward (of direction, not necessarily physical motion)"against (motion or direction of a hostile character)"in addition to, to"concerning, in regard to, in reference to, on account of"according to (rule or standard)"at, by, against (of one's presence)"in between, in within, to within, unto (idea of motion to)

בְּ צַוָּ֑אר
בְּ
Prefix — preposition in, at, by, with
צַוָּ֑אר
Root word neck, necks
Dictionary form: צַוָּאר · tsa-WAWR

Noun — Common, masculine singular, absolute state

In the KJV here: him even on his neck
thy neck ×7 his neck ×6 the neck ×6 neck ×4 necks ×2 of thy neck ×2 the necks ×2 their neck ×2
More options
neck — Most direct, versatile rendering for nearly all contexts.
throat — Prefer when vulnerability or constriction is emphasized.
nape — Use for the back of the neck specifically.
scruff — Informal; suits grabbing or seizing by the neck.
collar — Metaphorical contexts of control or subjugation.

BDB7010 H6677

BDB7009 | BIBLICAL HEBREW | BDB7011

צַוָּאר noun masculinePs 75:6 neck, back of neck; — absolute ׳צ Isa 8:8 +, construct צַוַּאר Jer 28:10 + 3 t. 28; suffix צַוָּארִי Lam 1:14, צַוָּרָם Neh 3:5, etc.; plural construct צַוְּארֵי Judg 8:21 +; suffix צַוָּארָיו Gen 27:16 +, צַוְּארֵיכֶם Jer 27:12, צַוְּארֹתַיכֶם Mic 2:3 —
  l. neck, especially back of neck, of man, wearing chain as ornament Gen 41:42 (E), so of woman Song 1:10, compare Judg 5:30 (read perhaps צַוָּארַי for רֵ֑י), elsewhere in Genesis usually plural intensive, of individual, ׳נָפַל עַלצֿ Judg 45:14 (E), Judg 46:29; Judg 33:4 (Qr; Kt singular), so ׳בָּכָה עַלצֿ Judg 45:14; Judg 46:29 (all J); חֶלְקַת צַוַּארָיו Judg 27:16 smooth part of neck (J); neck of beautiful woman Song 4:4; Song 7:5 neck as pressed by foot of conqueror Josh 10:24 (twice in verse) (JE); place of yoke Gen 27:40 (singular; J), Deut 28:48; Isa 10:27; Jer 27:2; Jer 27:8; Jer 27:11; Jer 27:12; Jer 28:10; Jer 28:11; Jer 28:12; Jer 28:14; Jer 30:8 of transgressions as yoke Lam 1:14 place of bonds Isa 52:2 of bearing load, Neh 3:5 (figurative), hence calamity as burden Mic 2:3 neck as smitten with sword Ezek 21:34 ׳עַדצֿ as measurement of height (depth; in figure) Isa 8:8; Isa 30:8; Hab 3:13 עָתָק ׳בְּצ figurative Ps 75:6 speak not with arrogant neck (si Vera l.; but read perhaps בַּצּוּר against the Rock, ᵐ5. κατὰ τοῦ θεοῦ, Bae Hup-Now Che Kau); of wicked, rushing against God Job 15:26. — עַלצַֿוָּארֵנוּ נִרְדָּ֔פְנוּ Lam 5:5 is dubious; Matthes Löhr Bae ׳עֹל עַלוֿגו; Bu ׳עֹל צַוּ, and הֲדָפָנוּ or יֶהְדְּפֵנוּ for ׳נִר.

2. neck of animals, camels (wearing ornaments) Judg 8:21; Judg 8:26 heifer Hos 10:11 (i. e. place of yoke, in figure of Ephraim); horse Job 39:19, crocodile Job 41:14.

BDB7011 H6677

BDB7010 | BIBLICAL HEBREW | BDB7012

[צַוָּרוֺן] noun [masculine] plural necklace; — suffix אַחַד עֲנָק מַצַּוָּרֹנָ֑יִִךְ Song 4:9.

BDB7024 H6677 H6865

BDB7023 | BIBLICAL HEBREW | BDB7025

צוֺר Tyre see צֹר. צַוְּרֹנִים צַוָּר see צַוָּאר.

BDB9840 H6676 H6677

BDB9839 | BIBLICAL ARAMAIC | BDB9841

[צַוַּאר] noun masculine neck (ᵑ7 Syriac; see Biblical Hebrew below I. צור); — suffix צַוְּארָךְ Dan 5:16, צַוְּארֵהּ vDan 5:7 vDan 5:29.

neck, necks
ṣawwār
the back of the neck (as that on which burdens are bound)
  • neck, back of neck
    • neck, back of neck (of man)
      • "neck (of animals)

בַּ ֝עֲבִ֗י
בַּ
Prefix — preposition in, at, by, with
֝עֲבִ֗י
Root word thick, thickness
Dictionary form: עֲבִי · uh-BEE

Noun — Common, masculine singular, construct state "___ of …" — bound to the next word

In the KJV here: upon the thick
and the thickness ×1 it and the thickness ×1 thick ×1 upon the thick ×1
More options
thickness — Best default; concrete measurement of depth or bulk.
depth — Use when emphasizing dimensional extent inward.
mass — Suits dense, heavy accumulations like clouds or foliage.
bulk — Highlights large volume or solidity of a structure.
density — Prefer for abstract or qualitative descriptions of thickness.

BDB5753 H5672 H5645

BDB5752 | BIBLICAL HEBREW | BDB5754

עֲבִי noun [masculine] thickness; — construct נַּבֵּי מָגִנָּיו ׳ע Job 15:26 the thickness (stoutness) of the bosses of his shields (in figurative); suffix עָבְיוֺ its thickness, of the molten sea 1Kgs 7:26 = 2Chr 4:5 of pillar Jer 52:21. — 2Chr 4:17 see following — Under עבה belongs perhaps also בְּעַב הֶעָנָן Exod 19:9 (read בַּעֲבִי ?) in the thickness of the clouds, compare BuThLz 1892 (3), 63 Köii 1, 86.

BDB5847 H5645 H5646 H5672

BDB5846 | BIBLICAL HEBREW | BDB5848

II. עָב33 noun masculineIsa 19:1 and (1Kgs 18:44 KöSynt. 103) feminine dark cloud, cloud-mass, thicket; — ׳ע absolute 1Kgs 18:44 +, construct Isa 18:4; Prov 16:15 plural עָבִים Judg 5:4 +, עָבוֺת 2Sam 23:4 + 2Sam 77:18 construct עָבֵי 2Sam 22:12; Ps 18:12 suffix עָבָיו Ps 18:13 (but probably strike out, see עבר Qal near the end); —

1. dark cloud:
  a. rain-cloud Judg 5:4; Isa 5:6; 1Kgs 18:44; 1Kgs 18:45 + 9 t.
  b. as high Isa 14:14; Job 20:6, + Ezek 19:11; Ezek 31:3; Ezek 31:10; Ezek 31:14 (reading בְָוֺת, see עֲבֹת).
  c. chariot of ׳י Isa 19:1; Ps 104:3 covering his eyes Job 22:14.
  d. casting shadow Isa 25:5, compare 2Sam 23:4.
  e. as swift Isa 60:8, and transient Isa 44:22; Job 30:15 (all simile). feminine disposed by God Job 36:29; Job 37:16.
  g. טַל ׳ע Isa 18:4 cloud of dew, dew-mist (simile).
2. (cloud-) mass, שְׁחָקִים ׳ע 2Sam 22:12 masses of clouds (enwrapping ׳י) = Ps 18:12 (Ps 13 see above).
3. thicket as refuge Jer 4:29 (perhaps under Aramaic influence). — עַב Exod 19:9 see עֲבִי below עבה. I. עָב see above

thick, thickness
ʿăbî
density, i.e., depth or width
  • thickness

גַּבֵּ֥י
גַּבֵּ֥י
Root word place, rings, bodies, bosses, eyebrows, …
Dictionary form: גַב · ɡahb

Noun — Common, both plural, construct state plural — usually add "-s"; "___ of …" — bound to the next word

In the KJV here: bosses
thine eminent place ×2 and his eyebrows ×1 and their backs ×1 and their naves ×1 and their rings ×1 as for their rings ×1 bosses ×1 my back ×1
More options
back — Most common anatomical sense; prefer for body or object.
rim — Best for circular/wheel contexts, e.g. chariot nave rims.
boss — Raised knob or protrusion; good for shield or structural imagery.
ridge — Elevated, elongated surface; suits topographical or architectural use.
raised platform — For cultic or elevated place contexts.
brow — Facial/anatomical use; eyebrow or forehead area.

BDB1411 H1354

BDB1410 | BIBLICAL HEBREW | BDB1412

גַּב back, etc., see below גבב

[גָּב], גָּבִים see גוב.

BDB1418 H1354

BDB1417 | BIBLICAL HEBREW | BDB1419

גַּב noun masculine:? compare Ezek 43:13 (feminineEzek 1:18) anything convex, curved, gibbous, e.g. back, chiefly late; — absolute גָּ֑ב Ezek 16:24 construct גַּב Ezek 43:13 (read גֹּבַהּ ᵐ5 Ew Sm Co); suffix גַּבִּי Ps 129:3, גַּבֵךְ Ezek 16:31; Ezek 16:39 plural construct גַּבֹּת Lev 14:9, גַּבֵּי Job 13:12; Job 15:26 suffix גַּבֵּיהֶם 1Kgs 7:33, גַּבֵּהֶם Ezek 10:12, גַּבֵּיהֶן Ezek 1:18, גַֹּבֹּתָם Ezek 1:18 —

1. back, of man (figurative of Israel) Ps 129:3 apparently of cherubim Ezek 10:12, but Hi Sm emend v. so that ׳גּ refers to wheels, rim see 6 below
2. mound, for illicit worship Ezek 16:24; Ezek 16:31; Ezek 16:39 (all || רמה); ᵐ5 ᵑ9 lupanar, brothel, after analogy of fornix, but this without sufficient proof, & needless.
3. boss, or convex projection, of shield Job 15:26 (figurative) he runneth against him... with the stout bosses of his shields (i.e. wicked against ׳י); so in Arabic in similar phrase; compare also Arabic , shield; also French bouclier from boucle.
4. bulwarks, breastworks, figurative for arguments לְגַבֵּיחֹֿמֶר גַּבֵּיכֶם Job 13:12 breastworks of clay are your breastworks.
5. brow, only גַּבֹּת עֵינָיו Lev 14:9 his eyebrows.
6. rim of wheel, felloe 1Kgs 7:33; Ezek 1:18 (twice in verse); so perhaps Ezek 10:12 see 1 above — Ezek 43:13 elevation, i.e. basement of altar, Da after MT., but see גֹּבַהּ, compare above

BDB9397 H1355 H1354

BDB9396 | BIBLICAL ARAMAIC | BDB9398

[גַּב] noun [masculine] either back (ᵑ7 גַּב back, top; Biblical Hebrew גַּב, √ גנב), or < side (√ גנב, compare Arabic side, Syriac side, √ ; — see also DWB 65); — plural suffix Dan 7:6 Kt wings עַלגַּֿבַּיהּ on its sides (Bev Behrm Dr; Qr גַּבַּהּ perhaps its back, so most).

place, rings, bodies, bosses, eyebrows, …
gab
the back (as rounded); by analogy, the top or rim, a boss, a vault, arch of eye, bulwarks, etc
  • convex surface, back
    • back (of man)
      • "mound (for illicit worship)"boss (convex projection of shield)"bulwarks, breastworks (figurative for arguments)"brow, eyebrow"rim (of wheel)

מָֽגִנָּֽי ו
מָֽגִנָּֽי
Root word shield, shields, buckler, bucklers, defence, …
ו
Suffix — pronoun his / him / it
Dictionary form: מָגֵן · maw-ɡANE

Noun — Common, both plural, construct state plural — usually add "-s"; "___ of …" — bound to the next word

In the KJV here: of his bucklers
the shield ×9 shields ×6 and shield ×3 and their shield ×3 the shields ×3 and my shield ×2 and shields ×2 as an armed ×2
More options
shield — Most direct equivalent; best default rendering.
buckler — Modernized KJV term; smaller, strapped defensive disc.
protector — Metaphorical use; fitting for divine/royal contexts.
defender — Personal agent nuance; good for poetic passages.
armor — Broader term; use when exact weapon type is unclear.
scales — Rare; reserved for crocodile/Leviathan imagery (Job 41).

BDB1708 H4043

BDB1707 | BIBLICAL HEBREW | BDB1709

מָגֵן noun masculine1Kgs 14:27, & feminine1Kgs 10:17, shield (Arabic , Aramaic מְגִנָּא, ) — מָגֵן Gen 15:1 + 33 t. (also construct Deut 33:29; Nah 2:4); suffix מָגִנִּי Ps 7:11 + 5 t.; מָגִנֵּנוּ Ps 33:20 + 3 t.; מָגִנָּם Ps 115:9; Ps 115:10; Ps 115:11 plural מָגִנִּים 1Kgs 10:17 + 6 t.; מָגִנּוֺת 2Chr 23:9 construct מָגִנֵּי 1Kgs 14:26 + 4 t.; suffix מָגִנָּיו Job 15:26 מָגִנֶּיהָ Hos 4:18 — shield, buckler, carried by warrior for defence Judg 5:8; 2Sam 1:21 (twice in verse); 2Kgs 19:32 = Isa 14:7; Isa 17:17; Isa 23:9; Isa 26:14; Isa 32:5; Neh 4:10; Ps 76:4; Jer 46:3; Jer 46:9; Ezek 23:24; Ezek 38:4; Ezek 38:5; Ezek 39:9; Nah 2:4; Isa 22:6 compare Isa 21:5 (anoint the shield, to make it slippery), so also Ps 35:2 (where ׳י figurative as warrior); אִישׁ מָגֵן = armed man Prov 6:11; Prov 24:34 laid up for show, or as treasure 1Kgs 10:17 (twice in verse); 1Kgs 14:26; 1Kgs 14:27 (= 2Chr 9:16 (twice in verse); 2Chr 12:9; 2Chr 12:10) 2Chr 32:27 compare Song 4:4; Ezek 27:10 of scales of crocodile (leviathan) אֲפִיקֵי מָגִנִּים Job 41:7 figurative of wicked's defence against judgments of ׳י, עֲבִי גַבֵּי מָגִנָּיו Job 15:26 fig, of king Ps 89:19 (compare Che); figurative of rulers of Ephraim Hos 4:18 figurative of rulers of earth Ps 47:10 figurative (very often) of ׳י, as defence of his servants, Ps 3:4; Ps 7:11 (read ׳מָגִנִּי עָלַי אל compare Che critical note) Ps 18:3; Ps 18:31; Ps 18:36 (= 2Sam 22:3; 2Sam 22:31; 2Sam 22:36) Ps 28:7; Ps 33:20; Ps 59:12; Ps 84:10; Ps 84:12; Ps 115:9; Ps 115:10; Ps 115:11; Ps 119:114; Ps 144:2; Prov 2:7; Prov 30:5, and see especially Gen 15:1 (E).

shield, shields, buckler, bucklers, defence, …
māgēn
a shield (i.e., the small one or buckler); figuratively, a protector; also the scaly hide of the crocodile
  • shield, buckler

This book is chanted to the poetic accent system (used only in Job, Psalms, and Proverbs). Each group below ends at one of its pausing accents — translate a group as one unit.
יָר֣וּץ אֵלָ֣יו בְּצַוָּ֑אר Atnach — the verse's main pause — take a breath here בַּ֝עֲבִ֗י Revia Mugrash — a lesser break גַּבֵּ֥י מָֽגִנָּֽיו Silluq — end of the verse

יָרוּץ אֵלָיו בְּצַוָּאר בַּעֲבִי גַּבֵּי מָֽגִנָּֽיו׃
26
He runneth upon him, even on his neck, upon the thick bosses of his bucklers:
Cross References

Job 16:12

שָׁלֵו הָיִיתִי׀ וַֽיְפַרְפְּרֵנִי וְאָחַז בְּעָרְפִּי וַֽיְפַצְפְּצֵנִי וַיְקִימֵנִי לוֹ לְמַטָּרָֽה׃
12
I was at ease, but he hath broken me asunder: he hath also taken me by my neck, and shaken me to pieces, and set me up for his mark.

Psalms 18:40

וְֽאֹיְבַי נָתַתָּה לִּי עֹרֶף וּמְשַׂנְאַי אַצְמִיתֵֽם׃
40
Thou hast also given me the necks of mine enemies; that I might destroy them that hate me.

2 Chronicles 32:13

הֲלֹא תֵֽדְעוּ מֶה עָשִׂיתִי אֲנִי וַֽאֲבוֹתַי לְכֹל עַמֵּי הָֽאֲרָצוֹת הֲיָכוֹל יָֽכְלוּ אֱלֹהֵי גּוֹיֵ הָֽאֲרָצוֹת לְהַצִּיל אֶת-אַרְצָם מִיָּדִֽי׃
13
Know ye not what I and my fathers have done unto all the people of other lands? were the gods of the nations of those lands any ways able to deliver their lands out of mine hand?

2 Chronicles 28:22

וּבְעֵת הָצֵר לוֹ וַיּוֹסֶף לִמְעוֹל בַּֽיהוָה הוּא הַמֶּלֶךְ אָחָֽז׃
22
And in the time of his distress did he trespass yet more against the LORD: this is that king Ahaz.

Genesis 49:8

יְהוּדָה אַתָּה יוֹדוּךָ אַחֶיךָ יָֽדְךָ בְּעֹרֶף אֹֽיְבֶיךָ יִשְׁתַּחֲוּוּ לְךָ בְּנֵי אָבִֽיךָ׃
8
Judah, thou art he whom thy brethren shall praise: thy hand shall be in the neck of thine enemies; thy father's children shall bow down before thee.
Job 15:25
Read Job 15
Job 15:27