Job 19:29

גּ֤וּרוּ

Root word sojourn, sojourneth, sojourned, dwell, afraid, …

Dictionary form: גּוּר · ɡoor

Verb — Qal, Imperative, second person masculine plural simple action — "he did" a command — try "___!" the built-in subject is "you (a group)"

In the KJV here: be ye afraid

that sojourneth ×11 to sojourn ×11 sojourn ×6 sojourned ×6 that sojourn ×4 and sojourned ×3 sojourneth ×3 among us shall dwell ×2

More options

sojourn — Modernized KJV form; best for formal or liturgical contexts.

live as a resident alien — Captures legal/social outsider status precisely.

dwell temporarily — Emphasizes the transient, non-permanent nature of the stay.

settle — Neutral, everyday word; use when permanence is ambiguous.

take up residence — Formal register; suits narrative or legal passages.

stay — Simplest modern option; best for short-term or casual contexts.

BDB1562 H1481

I. גּוּר verb sojourn (compare Arabic turn aside tarry, see especially III. IV. VIII. X; Aramaic Eth. in derivatives) —

Qal Perfect גָּר Gen 35:27 + 3 t., וְגָר consecutive Isa 11:6 גַּרְתָּה Gen 21:23 גַּרְתִּי Gen 32:5; Ps 120:5 גָּרוּ Exod 6:4 Imperfect יָגוּר Exod 12:48 + 12 t., וַיָּ֫גָר Gen 20:1 + 2 t.; suffix יְגֻרְךָ Ps 5:5 3 feminine singular וַתָּ֫גָר 2Kgs 8:2 2 feminine singular תָּגוּרִי 2Kgs 8:1 cohortative אָגוּ֑רָה Ps 61:5 יָגוּרוּ Isa 16:4 Imperative גּוּר Gen 26:3, גּוּ֫רִי 2Kgs 8:1 Infinitive construct גּוּר Gen 12:10 + 17 t.; Participle גָּר Deut 18:6; Judg 17:7 + 17 t.; feminine construct גָּרַת Exod 3:22 plural גָּרִים Lev 25:6 + 8 t.; construct גָּרֵי Job 19:15 —

1. sojourn, dwell for a (definite or indefinite) time, dwell as a new-comer (compare גֵּר) without original rights, see especially Gen 19:9 (J) Deut 18:6 & compare Judg 17:7; Judg 17:8; Judg 17:9; Judg 19:1 also Gen 12:10; Gen 20:1; Gen 21:23; Gen 21:34; Gen 32:5; Gen 47:4 (all J E); of partriarchs in Canaan Gen 26:3 (J) Gen 35:27; Exod 6:4 (both P) compare Ps 105:12 = 1Chr 16:19; Judg 19:16; 2Sam 4:3; 2Kgs 8:1 (twice in verse); 2Kgs 8:2 (seven years) Isa 16:4; Ruth 1:1; Ezra 1:4 (in exile); compare further Exod 3:22 (E) גָּרַת בַּיִת of a woman in another's house as lodger or guest (see Di), גָּרֵי בַיִת Job 19:15 so (poetry) of worshipper in Yahweh's house Ps 15:1; Ps 61:5 compare Isa 33:14 (twice in verse); figurative of evil לֹא יְגָֻֽרְךָ רָ֑ע Ps 5:5 evil cannot be a guest of thine (Che; followed by accusative, as in Arabic III); particulary of the גֵּר (q. v.) in Israel Exod 12:48; Exod 12:49; Lev 16:29 (all P) 17: 8; Lev 17:10; Lev 17:12; Lev 17:13; Lev 18:26; Lev 19:33; Lev 19:34; Lev 20:2; Lev 25:6; Lev 25:45 (all H) Num 9:14; Num 15:14; Num 15:15; Num 15:16; Num 15:26; Num 15:29; Num 19:10; Josh 20:9 (all P) Ezek 14:7; Ezek 47:22; Ezek 47:23 of Ephraim and Manasseh sojourning with Judah and Benjamin 2Chr 15:9 of Rechabites sojourning in Judah Jer 35:7 of Israelites sojourning in Egypt Deut 26:5; Isa 52:4; Ps 105:23 so of Judah, to escape from under Babylonian power Jer 42:15; Jer 42:17; Jer 42:22; Jer 43:2; Jer 44:8; Jer 44:12; Jer 44:14; Jer 44:28.

2. abide, nearly or quite = dwell Jer 43:5 compare Lam 4:15; Jer 49:18; Jer 49:33; Jer 50:40, also Job 28:4 of wolf dwelling with lamb Isa 11:6 stay (inactive) Judg 5:17 — in Isa 5:17 read perhaps, for גָּרִים, גְּדָיִם or כָּרִים compare ᵐ5 Lo Ew Di & Che critical note (> Stu גֵּרִים) Hithpolel Participle מִתְגּוֺרֵר 1Kgs 17:20 seek hospitality with, followed by עִם (compareArabic x); יִתְגּוֺרָ֖רוּ Hos 7:14 is dubious (compare II. גור); AE Ki Thes Wü AV RV they assemble themselves, but text probably error, see גדד.

BDB1571 H1481

II. [גּוּר] verb stir up strife, quarrel (compare גרה) — so Ew Che Di RVm (Isa 54:15); gather together Ges De Br compare ᵑ7 ᵑ9, so AV RV; —

Qal. Perfect גָּר Isa 54:15 Imperfect יָגוּר vIsa 54:15, יָגוּרוּ Ps 56:7; Ps 59:4; Ps 140:3 (on all compare below); Infinitive absolute גּוֺר Isa 54:15 —

1. stir up strife, absolute גּוֺר יָגוּר Isa 54:14 compare Ps 56:7 (but AE Che read יָגוֺדּוּ attack, see גדד); followed by עַלֿ Ps 59:4 (but Che id.; compare Ps 94:21, which however Ol would emend by Ps 56:7; Ps 59:4); followed by accusative מִלְחָמוֺת Ps 140:3 (Hup Che read יְגָרוּ Pi`el Imperfect of גרה)

2. quarrel, followed by אֶתֿ with Isa 54:15. Here also Hithpolel Imperfect Hos 7:14 יִתְגּוֺרָ֖רוּ (compare I. גור), according to Ew, they excite themselves, but unlikely; see גדד.

BDB1574 H1481

III. [גּוּר] verb dread (compare יָגֹר) —

Qal Imperfect וַיָּגָר Num 22:3; 1Sam 18:15 2 masculine singular תָּגוּר Deut 18:22 אָגוּר Deut 32:27 plural יָגוּרוּ Ps 33:8; Job 41:17 + Hos 10:5, תָּגוּרוּ Deut 1:17 Imperative גּוּרוּ Ps 22:24; Job 19:29 —

1. be afraid of, followed by מִפְּנֵי Num 22:3; Deut 1:17; 1Sam 18:15, גּוּרוּ לָכֶם מִפְּנֵי Job 19:29 with מִן Job 41:17; Deut 18:22 with accusative Deut 32:27 (poetry) Hos 10:5 read probably ינודו lament (|| אבל, used with לְ e.g. Nah 3:7; Jer 15:5 and elsewhere; compare Che).

2. stand in awe of, followed by מִן Ps 22:24; Ps 33:8 (יָרֵא).

sojourn, sojourneth, sojourned, dwell, afraid, …

gûr

properly, to turn aside from the road (for a lodging or any other purpose), i.e., sojourn (as a guest); also to shrink, fear (as in a strange place); also to gather for hostility (as afraid)

to sojourn, abide, dwell in, dwell with, remain, inhabit, be a stranger, be continuing, surely

(Qal)

to sojourn, dwell for a time

to seek hospitality with

(Qal)

to stir up strife

(Qal)

to fear, be afraid

לָ כֶ֨ם

לָ

Preposition to, for

כֶ֨ם

Suffix — pronoun your / you (a group)

Preposition

it ×144 him ×95 them ×83 thee ×59 me ×53 unto him ×35 you ×28 he ×22

מִ פְּנֵי

מִ

Prefix — preposition from, out of

פְּנֵי

Root word before, face, presence, because, faces, …

Dictionary form: פָּנִים · paw-NEEM

Noun — Common, both plural, construct state plural — usually add "-s"; "___ of …" — bound to the next word

In the KJV here: of

before ×796 the face ×55 from before ×53 his face ×53 because ×49 my face ×48 thy face ×39 before him ×38

More options

face — Most direct rendering; prefer for literal, physical contexts.

presence — Ideal for divine or royal encounter contexts.

countenance — Slightly elevated; suits emotional or expressive descriptions.

surface — Use for physical objects, land, or water (e.g. 'surface of the deep').

in front of — Best for spatial or positional prepositional phrases.

because of — Use when פָּנִים heads a causal prepositional phrase.

BDB4446 H3942 H6440

לִפְנָָֽי 1Kgs 6:17 see below [ פָּנֶה], פָּנִים.

BDB6680 H6440 H3942

[פָּנֶה], plural פָּנִים₂₁₂₃ noun masculine^{Prov 25:23} and (Ezekiel = Prov 21:21 = edge; on 2Sam 10:9 see below) feminine face, also faces (as turned toward one); — plural absolute פָּנִים Gen 32:31 +; construct פְּנֵי 2Sam 14:32 +; suffix 1 singular פָּנַי Gen 43:3 +; 3 masculine singular פָּנָיו Gen 4:5 +, פָּנֵי֑מוֺ Ps 11:7 (Kö^ll.1.446); 2 masculine pluralפְּנֵיכֶם Gen 40:7 +, etc.; — usually with verb plural, Gen 4:5; Gen 4:6; Exod 33:14 +; with verb singular Lam 4:16 (through influence of intervening ׳י, Ges^{«GKC:146a»§ 146a}), Prov 15:14 (but read פִּי, as Qr, see פֶּה); —

I. 1. face, faces (Jer 30:6; Ezek 27:35 +, compare Ezek 1:6; Ezek 10:14; Ezek 10:21 etc.):
a. literally, of man Gen 43:31; 2Sam 19:5; 1Kgs 19:13; Lev 13:14; Dan 8:18; Dan 10:9; Dan 10:15 +; ׳עוֺר פ Exod 35:29; Exod 35:30; Exod 35:35 pale (from alarm) Isa 29:22; Jer 30:6, flushed Isa 13:8; Ezek 21:3, compare Nah 2:11; Joel 2:6 tearful Isa 25:8; Job 16:16 sad, רעים ׳פ Gen 40:7, compare Neh 2:2; Neh 2:3, also ׳רֹעַ פ Eccl 7:8 i.e. sadness; ׳יֵּיטִב פ Prov 15:13 maketh glad the face; נָָֽפְלוּ פָנֶיךָ, Gen 4:5; Gen 4:6 why is the face fallen (in displeasure), compare 1Sam 1:18 (reading נָָֽפְלָה, נָָֽפְ לוּ, or הִפִּילָה); covered with shame Ezek 7:18, whence figurative of confusion, discomfiture Jer 51:51; Ps 69:8; Ps 83:17, etc.
b. of ׳י Exod 33:20, compare vExod 33:23.
c. פָּנִים אֶלפָּֿנִים face to face, of seeing (God) Gen 32:31, compare Judg 6:22, knowing Deut 34:10, judging Ezek 20:35, speaking Exod 33:11, and so ׳בְּפ ׳פ Deut 5:4 נִתְרֶאֶה פָנִים 2Kgs 14:8 see each other (in the) face = meet each other in battle, compare v2Kgs 14:11 = 2Chr 25:17; 2Chr 25:21.
d. of relations with ׳׃י ׳הֵרִים פ Ezra 9:6, in worship (see also נשׂא); in spiritual sense Jer 2:27; Jer 32:33 (פָּנָה אֵלַי עֹרֶף וְלֹא פָנִים); ׳לִדְרוֺשׁ י ׳נָתַן פ 2Chr 20:3 ׳נָתַן אֶתפֿ אֶלאֲֿדֹנָי Dan 9:3 הַבָּנִים קְשֵׁי פָנִים Ezek 2:4.
e. of ׳י himself, לֹא יָסִיר פָּנִיםִ מִכֶּם 2Chr 30:9 בְּעֹשֵׂי ׳פְּנֵי י רָ֑ע Ps 34:17 גַּעֲרַת פָּנֶיךָ Ps 80:17. — See further below

7. 2. a. = presence, person, of ׳י Exod 33:14; Exod 33:15, בְּפָנָיו Deut 4:37, מַלְאַךְ פָּנָיו Isa 63:9 לֶחֶם הַפָּנִים, see לֶחֶם; of ׳י's angry presence Lam 4:16; Ps 21:10 of Absalom 2Sam 17:11 in weakened sense, nearly = suffix (compare נפשׁ 4 a), Prov 7:15.
b. with ראה technically, see one's face, i.e. appear before one, in one's presence: before a man Gen 32:21 (+ 3 other uses of ׳פ), (God, with יראה pointed as Niph`al, see II 2); especially as privilege, = have access to, man of rank Gen 43:3; Gen 43:5; Gen 44:23; Gen 44:26, king Exod 10:28 (twice in verse) compare vExod 10:29 (all J), 2Sam 14:24 (twice in verse); 2Sam 14:28; 2Sam 14:32 compare 2Sam 3:13 (twice in verse); רֹאֵי פְנֵי הַמֶּלֶךְ 2Kgs 25:19 = Jer 52:25; Esth 1:14 implying favour of person seen, man Gen 33:10 (J), God vGen 33:10, compare Job 33:26 (Hiph`il), and, with חזה, Ps 11:7; Ps 17:15.

3. face of seraphim Isa 6:2, cherubim Exod 25:20 (twice in verse) = Exod 37:9 (twice in verse), Ezek 1:8; Ezek 1:11; 2Chr 3:13 +.

4. face of animals, פְּנֵי הַצּאֹן Gen 30:40 ׳אַרְיֵה וּפ ׳פ נֶשֶׁר ׳שׁוֺר ופ Ezek 1:10 (in descr. of cherubim), compare Ezek 10:14 אַרְיֵה ׳פ also 1Chr 12:8 (figurative), כְֿפִיר׳פ Ezek 41:19 ׳פִּתְחֵי פ Job 41:6 of crocodile.

5. face (= surface) of ground (הָאֲדָמָה) Gen 2:6; Gen 4:14; Gen 7:4; Ps 104:30 +, so הָאָרֶץ ׳פ Gen 1:29; Gen 7:3; Gen 8:9; Gen 11:4; Gen 11:8; Gen 11:9; Gen 19:28; Isa 24:1, תֵבֵל ׳פ Isa 14:21; Isa 27:6 of a field Prov 24:31 תְהוֺם ׳פ Gen 1:2 (twice in verse); Job 38:30, הַמַּיִם ׳פ Gen 7:18 רְקִיעַ הַשָּׁמַיִם׳פ Gen 1:20 כִֿסֵּה׳פ Job 26:9 i.e. of God's throne (but Bu reads כֶּסֶה fullmoon); הַלּוֺט ׳פ Job 25:7 see [ לוּט; לְבוּשׁוֺ ׳פ Job 41:5 the expanse of his [the crocodile's] coat; front (especially Ezek.), of house Ezek 41:14; Ezek 47:1, הַקֹּדֶשׁ ׳פ Ezek 41:21 of gate Ezek 40:6; Ezek 40:20; Ezek 40:22; Ezek 42:15; Ezek 43:4 of chamber Ezek 40:44 (twice in verse); Ezek 40:45; Ezek 40:46 of pot (סִיר) Jer 1:13 הַמִּלְחָמָה ׳פ 2Sam 10:9 battle-front = 1Chr 19:10 (verb agrees with ׳הַמּ in gender, Ges^{«GKC:146a»§ 146a}); = van of locust-army Joel 2:20 (opposed to סֹפוֺ); front, i.e. edge, of sword Ezek 21:21, of axe Eccl 10:10 = condition, state of a thing, as denoted by its appearance; of flock Prov 27:23 הַדָּבָר ׳פ 2Sam 14:20 the appearance (situation, attitude) of the affair.

6. as adverb of location מִפָּנִים וּמֵאָחוֺר 2Sam 10:9 before and behind = ׳וְֿ ׳פ 1Chr 19:10, also Ezek 2:10; 2Chr 13:14 פְּנֵי toward Song 7:5, also in front (to the East?) of 2Chr 20:16 (see לִפְנֵי d below); לְפָנִים forward Jer 7:24 (opposed to לְאחוֺר); מִלִּפְנִים 1Kgs 6:29 see פְּנִימָה; adverb temporal לְפָנִים formerly Deut 2:12; Deut 2:20; Josh 11:10; Judg 1:10; Judg 1:11; Judg 1:13 + 12 t.; מִלְּפָנִים Isa 41:26 from beforetime (|| מֵראֹשׁ).

7. for other phrases see: אוֺר verb Hiph`il 5; אוֺר n. 10; בּוֺשׁ Hiph`il; בקשׁ Pi`el 3; בּשֶׁת 1; [הַכָּרָה]; הָדַר 2; זָעַם Niph`al; זָעַף 1; הָבַשׁ 1 a; I. חָרָה I חָוַר; חָזַק Pi`el 5; II. חלה; IV. חמר; חָפָה; טָחַן; יָעַד Hoph`al; יְשׁוּעָה 3; כּוּן Hiph`il 3; כִּפֶּר 1; כָּסָה Pi`el 1, 2; מָאוֺר; מְגַמָּה p. 169; I. מוּל; מַשּׂא; [נָבַט] Hiph`il 3; נֶגֶד 1, 2 c; נֹכַח; נָכַר Hiph`il; נָפַל 3 b, and Hiph`il 5; נָשָׂא 1 b (3); נָתַן 2 b; סָבַב Hiph`il 1 a; סָתַר Hiph`il 2; I. עֵבֶר 2; עַז, עָזַז Hiph`il; עָמַד Hiph`il 6 a; II. עֻמָּה; [צָרַב]; [קָדַם] Pi`el; שִׂים; שׁוּב Hiph`il; שִׁית; II.שָׁנָה Pi`el; תֹּפֶת. II. פְּנֵי with prepositions: —

1. אֶלפְּֿנֵי:
a. to the presence of, Exod 23:17 pregnantly יֵרָאֶה ֗֗֗ אֶלפְּֿנֵי הָאָדוֺן shall appear (coming) to the presence of (= before) ׳י (|| Exod 34:23 ׳אֶתפְּֿנֵי הָא); with יָצָא = to confront 2Chr 19:2.

b. to the front of, after a verb of motion, Lev 6:7 הַמִּזְבֵּחַ ׳הַקְרֵב אֹתָהּ ֗֗֗ אֶלפְּֿנֵ, Lev 9:5; Lev 16:2; Num 17:8; Num 20:10.
c. towards or on the front of (אֶל = עַל), Ezek 41:4; Ezek 41:12; Ezek 41:15; Ezek 41:25; Ezek 42:2; Ezek 42:3; Ezek 42:7; Ezek 42:10; Ezek 42:13; Ezek 45:7; Ezek 48:21.
d. on to the surface of, Lev 14:53 וְשִׁלַּח ֗֗֗ אֶלפְּֿנֵי הַשָּׂדֶה, Ezek 16:5.

2. אֶתפְּֿנֵי close by (II. אֵת) the face or front of: hence
a. the presence of, 1Sam 2:11 עֵלִי ׳אֶתפֿ 1Kgs 12:6 who stood שְׁלֹמֹה ׳אֶתפֿ (compare לִפְנֵי 1Kgs 10:8), Esth 1:10; Prov 17:24 pregnantly (nisi וַיַּנִּחֵם leg., ᵑ6 ᵑ7 We Dr and others) 1Sam 22:4. Specifically ׳אֶתפְּֿנֵי י Gen 19:13 (1Sam 2:17), v1Sam 2:27; 1Sam 2:18 and with נִרְאָה of the appearance of all males at the three annual חַגִּים, Exod 34:23 הָאָדֹן ׳יֵרָאֶה כָּלזְֿכוּרְךָ אֶתפֿ, vExod 34:24; Deut 16:16 (compare Dr), Deut 31:11; 1Sam 1:22 (|| ׳י ׳אלפֿ Exod 23:17); so פָּנַי alone Exod 23:15 = Exod 34:20 (לֹא יֵרָאוּ פָנַי רֵיקָם), Isa 1:22, פָנֶיךָ Ps 42:3 (according to many, Ges^Thes Di^{Exod 23:15} Che^{Isa 1:12, critical note}, the verb in all these passages was originally Qal, afterwards pointed as Niph`al to avoid the expression see the face of ׳י); אֶתפָּֿנֶיךָ in thy presence Ps 16:10; Ps 21:7; Ps 140:14.
b. in front of, Gen 33:18. הָעִיר ׳וַיִּחַן אֶתפֿ, Lev 4:6 פָרֹכֶת הַקֹּדֶשׁ ׳אֶתפֿ ׳לִפְנֵי י vLev 4:17. — מֵאֵת פְּנֵי from before, see II. אֵת

4 a. 3. בִּפְנֵי: (a) in the face of, mostly in particular phrases, with hostile import: thus, with יָרַק to spit Num 12:14; Deut 25:9 התיצב to make a stand Deut 7:24; Deut 11:25, and עמד Josh 10:8, לֹא יַעֲמֹד אִישׁ בְּפָנֶיךָ Josh 21:42; Josh 23:9 עָנָה to answer (give evidence) against, Hos 5:5 וענה גאון ישׂראל בפניו, Hos 7:10; Job 16:8 וְנָקֹטוּ בִּפְנֵיהֶם = feel loathing against their own selves, Ezek 6:9, so Ezek 20:43; Ezek 36:31. (b) in front of, Ezek 42:12.

4. לִפְנֵי, properly at the face or front of, the most general word for in the presence of, before: as Gen 18:22 עֹמֵד לִפְנֵי אַבְרָהָם, Exod 4:21; Exod 11:10; 2Sam 2:14; Prov 17:18 + often; after a verb of motion, Gen 47:2 וַיַּצִּיגֵם ׳לפני פ and set them before Pharaoh, Gen 27:20 ׳כִּי הִקְרָה י לפני literally made (it) to meet before me (compare Gen 24:12), Exod 29:10; Prov 18:16 etc. In particular,
a. With the implication of
(a) under the eye or oversight of, Deut 25:2; 1Sam 3:1.
(b) under the eye and regard of, Gen 17:18 לוּ יִשְׁמָעֵאל יִחְיֶה לְפָנֶיךָ, Hos 6:2; Isa 53:2; Ps 61:8 compare Jer 30:20; Jer 31:36; Isa 66:22; Ps 102:29: also 1Sam 2:28; 2Sam 19:14.
(c) figurative for in (or into) the full (mental) view of, Gen 6:13 קֵץ כָּלבָּֿשָׂר בָּא לְפָנַי is come in before me, Lam 1:22 תָּבאֹ כָלרָֿעָתָם לְפָנֶיךָ, Jonah 1:2 עָֽלְתָה לְפָנַי (compare אֶל Gen 18:21; Exod 2:23), Isa 65:6 כְּתוּבָה לְפָנָ֑י, Jer 2:22 נִכְתָּךְ לְפָנָי (compare נֶגְדִּי Isa 47:12).
(d) openly before, 1Sam 12:2 הִתְהַלֵךְ לִפְנֵי, and with collateral idea of deserving (and receiving) regard 1Sam 2:35, especially ׳לפני י Gen 17:1 and elsewhere.
(e) in presence of the moon or sun, Ps 72:5; Ps 72:17, i.e. as long as they endure.
(f) free before, at the disposal of,Gen 13:9 הֲלֹא כָלהָֿאָרֶץ לְפָנֶיךָ (compare Gen 20:15; Gen 34:10; Gen 47:6; Jer 40:4; 2Chr 14:6), 2Chr 24:51; Song 8:12.
(g) in the sight (estimation) of, Gen 7:1 thee have I seen to be just before me, Gen 10:9 a mighty hunter before ׳י, Deut 24:4 ׳י ׳תּוֺעֵבָה ל, vDeut 24:13 ׳י ׳צְדָקָה ל, 1Sam 20:1 b, אָרוּר ׳י ׳ל Josh 6:26; 1Sam 26:19, ׳י ׳לְרָצוֺן ל acceptable before ׳י, Lev 1:3 +, Ps 19:15; 2Kgs 5:1 a great man לִפְנֵי אֲדֹנָיו, Prov 14:12; Ps 143:2 ׳וַיִּיטַב ל (late synonym of earlier בְּעֵנֵי) Neh 2:5; Neh 2:6; Esth 5:14 ׳טוֺב ל Eccl 2:26; Eccl 7:26 compare also נָתַן לְרַחֲמִים לִפְנֵי, see רַחֲמִים.
(h) ׳לִפְנֵי י, specifically of acts done with a solemn sense of ׳י's presence, often, but not always, at a sanctuary: Gen 27:7 that I may eat and bless thee before ׳י, before I die, Exod 18:12 to eat bread before God, Deut 1:45 ye wept before ׳י, Deut 6:25; Deut 12:7 (to eat, so vDeut 12:18; Deut 14:23; Deut 14:26; Deut 15:20), vDeut 15:12 (rejoice, so vDeut 15:18; Deut 27:7; Isa 9:2), Josh 18:6; Josh 24:1; Judg 11:11; Judg 20:23; Judg 20:26; Judg 21:2; 1Sam 7:6; 1Sam 10:19; 1Sam 11:15; 1Sam 12:7; 1Sam 15:33; 1Sam 23:18; 2Sam 5:3; 2Sam 7:18; 2Sam 21:9 and constantly in P, as Exod 16:9; Exod 16:33; Exod 16:34; Lev 1:5; Lev 1:11; Lev 3:1; Lev 3:7 etc.; of residents in Jerusalem Isa 23:18. So in ׳י ׳הָלַךְ ל 1Kgs 2:4 and elsewhere.
b. In other phrases: —
(a) עָמַד לִפְנֵי to stand before, i.e. wait upon, be in attendance on, Deut 1:38 and elsewhere (see עָמַד 1 e). Simil. הָיָה לִפְנֵי 1Sam 19:7 (compare 1Sam 29:8), 2Kgs 5:2 ׳עָבַד ל 2Sam 16:19.
(b) הִשְׁתַּחֲוָה לִפְנֵי to bow down before Gen 23:12; Deut 26:10; 2Kgs 18:22 and elsewhere (see below שָׁחָה; also נָפַל 3 b): so with הִתְפַּלֵּל to pray 1Sam 1:12 +; compare הלך פָני 1Kgs 12:30; 1Chr 21:30.
(c) to be smitten (נִגַּף) before a foe; see נָגַף Niph`al [contrast נוּס מִפְּנֵי: below 6 a]. So with נָפַל 1Sam 14:13 נָתַן (in helplessness or flight), especially in Deuteronomy, as Deut 1:8; Deut 1:21; Deut 7:2 (twice in verse); Deut 7:23; Josh 10:12; Josh 11:6 + (Dr^{DT lxxxii}): compare Judg 4:15; 2Sam 5:20; Isa 45:1; Jer 1:17.
(d) עָמַד לִפְנֵי to stand (make a stand) before (not quite so strong as בִּפְנֵי ׳ע, above 3), Exod 9:11; Judg 2:14; 2Kgs 10:4; Jer 49:19; Ps 76:8; Ps 147:17; Nah 1:6 so with הִתְיַצֵּב Deut 9:2; Josh 1:5; Job 41:2, קוּם Josh 7:12; Josh 7:13.
(e) in hostile sense (rare), יָצָא לִפְנֵי go forth to face 1Chr 14:8; 2Chr 14:9.
(f) לִפְנֵי (נָתַן) שִׂים, of food, to set or place before, Gen 18:8; Gen 24:33 +.
(g) נָתַן לִפְנֵי to set before, i.e. propound for acceptance or choice, usually of laws (especially Deuteronomy, Jeremiah), Deut 4:8; Deut 11:26; Deut 11:32; Deut 30:1; Deut 30:15; Deut 30:19; 1Kgs 9:6 (D²), Jer 9:12; Jer 21:8; Jer 26:4; Jer 44:10; , compare Ezek 23:24 (place at disposal of): so with שִׂים Exod 19:7; Exod 21:1.
c. With reference to position:
(a) in front of, before, especially with verbs of motion (with which נֶגֶד is hardly used), Gen 32:21 בַּמִּנְחָה הַהֹלֶכֶת לְפָנָ֔י that goeth before me, Gen 33:14 the cattle אֲשֶׁר לְפָנַי, Exod 17:5; Exod 23:20 etc.; in the description of a march or procession, Exod 13:21; Exod 13:22; Num 10:33; Isa 52:12; Isa 58:8 +; 2Sam 3:31 and wail before Abner (before his bier); of flocks before a shepherd Gen 32:18 of captives or booty driven before a conqueror 1Sam 30:20 (read וַיִּנְהֲגוּ לְפָנָיו We Dr), Isa 8:4; Isa 40:10 = Isa 62:11 וּפְעֻלָּתוֺ לְפָנָיו his recompence (i.e. his newly-recovered people, regarded as his prize of war) before him, Amos 9:4; Lam 1:5; Lam 1:6
(b) of a leader, etc. = at the head of, Deut 10:11; Judg 9:39; 1Sam 8:20; Mic 1:13 and elsewhere; compare בא ויצא לפני (העם) Num 27:17; 1Sam 18:13; 1Sam 18:16; 2Chr 1:10; Eccl 4:16 before whom (at whose head) he was.
(c) denoting superiority, before, above, Gen 48:20 וַיָּשֶׂם אתאֿפרים לפני מנשׁה, Job 34:19.
d. Of places (not very common): Exod 14:2 before Pi-hahiroth . . ., before Baal-zephon, Num 33:7b, Gen 23:17 מַמְרֵא ׳אשׁר ל (usually ׳על פני מ: see 7 a d), 1Chr 19:7; Neh 8:1; Neh 8:3 before the temple, veil, altar, etc., Exod 16:34 + הָעֵדֻת ׳ל, Exod 30:6 + הַפָּרֹכֶת ׳ל, Exod 40:5; Exod 40:6; Num 3:38; Num 7:10 and elsewhere (all P), 1Kgs 6:21; 1Kgs 7:49 +.
e. Of time, before: Amos 1:1: לפני הָָֽ רעַשׁ before the earthquake, Gen 29:26; Gen 30:30 לְפָנַי before me (i.e. before I came to thee), Exod 10:14 לפניו לא היה כן before it there was not the like, Num 13:22; 1Kgs 16:25; 1Kgs 16:30 מִכֹּל אֲשֶׁר לְפָנָיו, Isa 43:10; Isa 48:7; Prov 8:25; Job 15:7 etc. Sq. infinitive, Gen 13:10 ׳לִפְנֵי שַׁחֵת י before ׳י's destroying, etc., Gen 27:7 לִפְנֵי מוֺתִי, Gen 36:31; 1Sam 9:15 +. Once, in late Hebrew, לִפְנֵי מִזֶּה before this Neh 13:4. feminine In the manner of, like (rare and dubious), 1Sam 1:16 אַלתִּֿתֵּן אֶתאֲֿמָֽתְךָ לִפְנֵי בַתבִּֿלִיַּעַל like a worthless woman, Job 3:24 like my food, Job 4:19 they are crushed like the moth (compare Lat pro).

5. מִלִּפְנֵי₇₃ from before: —
a. from the presence of (properly, from a position before a person or object: to be distinguished from מִפְּנֵי; see 6):
(a) Gen 41:46 ׳ויצא יוסף מִלִּפְנֵי פ from before Pharaoh, Gen 47:10; 2Kgs 5:27; 2Kgs 6:32 +; ׳י ׳מל Gen 4:6 Cain went forth from before ׳י, Jonah 1:3; Jonah 1:10 specifically of the sanctuary, Lev 9:24 ׳ותצא אשׁ מלפני י (so Lev 10:2), קֶצֶף Num 17:11 (compare 2Chr 19:2), with לָקַח etc. Lev 16:12; Num 17:24; Num 20:9, 1Sam 21:7 the shew-bread that was removed from before ׳י; from before a place 1Kgs 8:54; Ezra 10:6; 2Chr 1:13,
(b) of taking, etc., from before a person, Gen 23:4 to bury my dead from before me, vGen 23:8; Exod 36:3; Deut 17:18 ׳וכתב לו מִשְׁנֵה התורה הזאת מל הכהנים from (the copy) before the priests, Deut 28:31 גָּזוּכ מלפניך.
(c) with בקשׁ Esth 4:8 [compare מִןקֳדָם Dan 2:18]; and to express the idea of proceeding from a person, Esth 1:19 [compare Dan 2:15], Eccl 10:5; 1Chr 29:12 הָעשֶׁר והכבוד מלפניך (compare Acts 3:19); Ps 17:2 מלפניך. יֵצֵא משׁפטי.
(d) of cutting off, etc., from before ׳י (compare לִפְנֵי a b, c), Lev 22:3; 1Kgs 8:25 לֹאיִֿכָּרֵת לְךָ אִישׁ, מִלְּפָנִי Jer 31:36; Jer 33:18; Isa 48:19: Ps 51:13 אַלתַּֿשְׁלִיכֵנִי מִלְּפָנְיךָ (compare 8 a); Jer 16:17 לֹא נִסְתְּרוּ מִלְּפָנַי, Jer 18:23; Neh 3:37.
(e) of expelling from before an invader, Exod 23:28; Deut 9:4; Deut 11:23; Deut 31:3 + (but much less common than מִפְּנֵי).
b. (Chiefly late) to express the source or cause, with the force of the לְ weakened, in cases where the earlier language would have used מִפְּנֵי: with verbs of fearing, 1Sam 18:12; Eccl 3:14; Eccl 8:12; Eccl 8:13; 1Chr 16:30 חִילִי מִלְּפָנָיו [|| Ps 96:9 מפניו], Ps 114:7 (twice in verse); Esth 7:6; 2Chr 32:7 ( + מפני); failing, etc., Isa 57:16; Ps 97:5 being humbled, 1Kgs 21:29 ( + מפני), 2Chr 32:12; 2Chr 32:23; 2Chr 34:27 [|| 2Kgs 22:19 מפני], 2Kgs 36:12 crying for help 1Sam 8:18 [compare מפני Exod 3:7], singing 1Chr 16:33 [|| Ps 96:13 לפני], fleeing 1Chr 19:18 [|| 2Sam 10:18 מִפְּנֵי].
c. of time, once, = לִפְנֵי Eccl 1:10. — With the later usages of ׳מל, compare מִן קֳדָם in Biblical Aramaic and ᵑ7 (Dr Sm^{lxx-lxxi, lxxiii}); see also Kö^{ii. 320.}

6. מִפְּנֵי from the face or presence of, from before, Exod 14:19 וַיִּסַּע עמוד הענן מִפְּנֵיהֶם removecl from before them, Isa 30:11; Hos 11:2 so
a. (often with suggestion of causation (see מִן 2 d, e, f), because of, for fear of [so AV RV Judg 9:21; 1Sam 21:11; 1Sam 23:26; (twice in verse); Jer 37:11; Jer 41:9; Jer 50:16]) after verbs of hiding Gen 3:8; Gen 4:14; Isa 2:10 (compare vIsa 2:19 vIsa 2:21); and especially of escaping, Judg 9:21 (Thes 'bene ᵑ9 ob metum A.'), 1Sam 18:11; 1Sam 19:10; 1Sam 23:26, or fleeing, Exod 4:3; Exod 14:25; 1Sam 17:24 + often (see בָּרַךְ and נוּס), and expelling, destroying, etc. Exod 23:30 אֲגָָֽרְשֶׁנּוּ מִפָּנֶיךָ I will expel them from before thee, Exod 34:11; Exod 34:24 אוֺרִישׁ גּוֺיִם מִפָּנֶיךָ (see הוֺרִישׁ), Lev 18:24; Deut 8:20; Amos 2:9; Ps 89:24 + often (as though clearing the way for Israel, for Israel's sake: compare Isa 63:12 בּוֺקֵעַ מַיִס מִפְּנֵיהֶם, Josh 2:10; Josh 4:23). Pregn. Isa 17:9 ׳כַּעֲזוּבַת ֗֗֗ אשׁר עזבו מפני בני ישׂר which they forsook (fleeing) from before, etc.
b. implying causation more distinctly. Ps 9:4 יאבדו מפניך perish from before thee or at the presence, Deut 7:20: very often with verbs of fearing, as גור, יגר, חיל, ירא, ערץ, פחד, קוץ Exod 9:30; Num 22:3 (twice in verse); Deut 1:17; Jer 5:22 etc. (mostly when the object inspiring fear is a person: when it is a thing, מִן alone is preferred; but see Deut 5:5; Deut 9:19); of being alarmed or dismayed Gen 45:3; Josh 2:9; Jer 1:17; Job 23:15, etc.; of humbling oneself Exod 10:3; Judg 11:33 +; with other words, to indicate the external ground of an action or effect, as הַס מִפָּנָיו be silent at (i.e. because of) his presence Zeph 1:7; Hab 2:20; Judg 5:5 the mountains flowed ׳מפני י at the presence of ׳י, Isa 63:19; Jer 4:26; Nah 1:5; Ps 68:3 as wax melteth מפני אשׁ; Deut 20:19; Isa 19:1; Isa 26:17 כן היינו מפניך so were we through thy presence (more than לפניך, — implying that their state was due to ׳י); קום מפני to rise up at the presence of Gen 31:35; Lev 19:32. (

N.B. In a, b, frequently rendered before in AV RV, and so confused with לפני; but the מִן retains always its full force in the Hebrew)
c. of the cause, whether nearer or more remote:
(a) Gen 6:13 מָֽלְאָה הָאָרֶץ חָמָס מִפְּנֵיהֶם because of them (i.e. occasioned by them), Gen 27:4 I loathe my life because of the daughters of Heth, Gen 36:7 the land could not support them because of their cattle, Gen 41:31; Gen 47:13; Exod 3:7 their cry by reason of their taskmasters, Exod 8:20 תִּשָּׁחֵת הָאָרֶץ מִפְּנֵי הֶעָרֹב, Exod 9:11; Josh 2:11; Josh 23:3; Judg 2:18; Judg 6:6; 1Kgs 5:17; 1Kgs 8:11 + often; Isa 10:27 (RVm), Jer 15:17; Ps 38:4; Ps 38:6, etc.; Jer 4:4 + מִפְּנֵי רֹעַ מַעַלְלֵיכֶם by reason of the evil of your doings, Jer 7:12; Jer 9:6; Jer 13:17; Jer 14:16; Jer 23:9 + often
(b) stating the reason for which a thing is not done (Latin prae,), 1Kgs 8:11; Job 37:19.
(c) with אֲשֶׁר as a conjunction, twice, because that, Exod 19:18; Jer 44:23. — Num 33:8 see פִּי הַחִירֹת.

7. עַלפְּֿנֵי (compare Phoenician עַל פְּנֵ, עלת פְּנֵ, Lzb³⁵²) has different meanings according to the different senses of the noun and the preposition: —
a. From the sense of face or front:
(a) in front of (more definite and distinct than לפני): Ps 18:43 as dust before the wind (compare לפני Ps 35:5; Ps 83:14 +), Gen 32:22 the present passed on עלפֿניו in front of him, Exod 33:19 אעביר כלטֿוּבי עלפֿניך,2Sam 15:18; 2Sam 15:23 (read עלפֿניו: see Dr), Job 4:15 = in the sight of, Lev 10:3 ועלפֿני כל העם אֶכָּבֵד, Jer 6:7 עַלפָּֿנַי תָּמִיד חֳלִי וּמַכָּה, Jer 13:26 (compare Nah 3:5), Ps 9:20 יִשָּֽׁפְטוּ גוים עלפֿניך before thee: defiantly, Job 1:11 אםלֿא עלֿ פניך יְבָֽרְכֶךָּ will renounce thee to thy face, Job 6:28 ועלפֿניכם אם אֲכַוֵּב, Job 21:31 to die in the presence of any one ( = in his lifetime) Gen 11:28; Num 3:4.
(b) before, to the exclusion of another, i.e. in preference to, Deut 21:16, and perhaps(Ew^{§ 217} l) Exod 20:3 (Deut 5:7) לא יהיה לך אלהים אחרים עלפֿני (Thes and others as c).
(c) in addition to, Job 16:14 פֶּרֶץעַלפְּֿנֵיפֶֿרֶץ יִפְרְצֵנִי.
(d) of localities, in front of, mostly (but not always: see GFM^{Ju., p. 351}) = east of, 1Kgs 6:3 the porch in front of, etc., v1Kgs 6:3; 1Kgs 7:6; 1Kgs 8:8; 2Chr 3:17; Ezek 42:8; Gen 16:12 עלפֿני כלאֿחיו ישׁכן (compare Gen 25:18 b), perhaps (Di and others) with collateral idea of defiance; מַמְרֵא ׳עַלפֿ Gen 23:19 (Gen 50:13), Exod 16:14 often in אשׁר עלפֿני ֗֗֗ Gen 25:9 (Gen 49:30), מצרים vGen 49:18 a (Josh 13:3; 1Sam 15:7), Num 21:11; Num 33:7 a, ירחו Deut 32:49 (Deut 34:1), Josh 13:3; Josh 13:25; Josh 15:8 (Josh 18:16), Josh 17:7; Josh 18:14; Josh 19:11; Judg 16:3; 1Sam 24:3 (probably), 1Sam 26:1; 1Sam 26:3; 2Sam 2:24; 1Kgs 11:7 (the Mt. of Olives, east of Jews.; so 2Kgs 23:13; Zech 14:4), Zech 17:3; Zech 17:5. — Gen 1:20 let fowl fly עלפֿני רקיע השׁמים in front of the firmament of heaven, namely as looked up to from below, i.e. between the firmament and the earth. (ε) with verbs implying direction, over towardas, Gen 18:16 וישׁקף עלפֿני סדם, Gen 19:28; Num 21:20 (Num 23:28) נשׁקפה עלפֿני הישׁימן overlooking; to sprinkle against the front of Lev 16:14 in a hostile sense (rare), Nah 2:2 עָלָה מֵפִיץ עַלפָּֿנַיִךְ, Ps 21:13; Ezek 32:10.

b. From the sense of surface, Gen 1:2 עלפֿני תהום upon the face of the deep, Exod 16:14 ׳המדבר עלפֿ: often in the phrases עלפֿני (כל) הארץ Gen 1:29; Gen 7:3 +, and (more frequently) עלפֿני האדמה on the face of the ground Gen 6:1; Gen 7:23 etc.; על פני השׂדה Lev 17:5; Num 19:16; 1Sam 14:25 +; after verbs of motion, 1Sam 11:4 lest we be scattered over the face of all the earth, v1Sam 11:8 v1Sam 11:9; Exod 32:20; Lev 14:7 (Lev 14:53 אל), Isa 18:2; Isa 19:8; Amos 5:8; Ezek 32:4; Job 5:10 +.

8. מֵעַלפְּֿנֵי
a. from before the face of, Gen 23:3 Abraham rose up מֵעַל פְּנֵי מֵתוֺ from before his dead, i.e. from mourning before or beside it; Psalms (פניו) מֵעַל פני from before my (his) face, often in Kings & Jeremiah of the rejection of Israel or the temple, as with שִׁלַּת 1Kgs 9:7 (|| 2Chr 7:20 השׁליך), Jer 15:1, השׁליד 2Kgs 13:23; 2Kgs 24:20 (Jer 52:3), Jer 7:15, נטשׁ Jer 23:39, הסיר 2Kgs 17:18; 2Kgs 17:23; 2Kgs 23:27; 2Kgs 24:3; Jer 32:31.
b. from of the surface of, often in the phrase מֵעַל פְּנֵי הָאֲדָמָה, with verbs of cutting off, removing, expelling, etc., Psalms; Gen 4:14; Gen 6:7; Gen 7:4; Gen 8:8; Exod 32:12; Deut 6:15; 1Sam 20:15; 1Kgs 9:7; 1Kgs 13:34; Amos 9:8; Jer 28:16; Zeph 1:2; Zeph 1:3.

BDB6683 H3942 H6440

לִפְנָ֑י 1Kgs 6:17, Ew^{§ 164 a} Ke as adjective, anterior, but read, with ᵐ5, לִפְנֵי הַדְּבִיד Th Sta Kit and others

before, face, presence, because, faces, …

pānîm

the face (as the part that turns); used in a great variety of applications (literally and figuratively); also (with prepositional prefix) as a preposition (before, etc.)

face

face, faces

before and behind, toward, in front of, forward, formerly, from beforetime, before

in front of, before, to the front of, in the presence of, in the face of, at the face or front of, from the presence of, from before, from before the face of

חֶ֗רֶב

Root word sword, swords, dagger, knives, knife, …

Dictionary form: חֶרֶב · heh-REB

Noun — Common, feminine singular, absolute state

In the KJV here: the sword

by the sword ×59 the sword ×55 of the sword ×46 with the sword ×37 sword ×30 a sword ×25 his sword ×12 and the sword ×10

More options

sword — Standard rendering; best for military and judicial contexts.

blade — Vivid, poetic alternative emphasizing the cutting edge.

dagger — Prefer when a shorter, personal weapon is implied.

knife — Use for domestic or ritual cutting tools, not battle.

weapon — Broad; good when the specific implement is secondary.

slaughter — Metonymic; fits idioms like 'fall to the sword'.

BDB3095 H2719

חֶ֫רֶב₄₁₁ noun feminine^{Isa 21:15} sword (as weapon; Aramaic חַרְבָּא, , Zinjirli חרב; Arabic dart, javelin) — absolute חֶ֫רֶב Gen 3:24 +; חָ֑רֶב Exod 17:13 +; construct חֶ֫רֶב Deut 33:29 +; suffix חַרְבִּי Exod 15:9 + 13 t.; חַרְבְּךָ Gen 27:40 + 7 t.; חֵרְבֶּ֑ךָ 1Sam 17:33; Ps 17:13 חַרְבּוֺ Num 22:23 + 24 t.; חַרְבְּכֶם Jer 2:30; Ezek 33:26 חַרְבָּם Ps 37:15; Ps 44:4 plural חֲרָבוֺת Isa 21:15 + 5 t.; construct חַרְבוֺת Josh 5:2 + 2 t.; suffix חַרְבוֺתָיו Ezek 26:9 חַרְבוֺתָם Isa 2:4 + 5 t.; חַרְבֹתֵיהֶם Mic 4:3 + 2 t.; —

1. a. sword, as weapon of war Gen 48:22 (E), Judg 7:14; Judg 7:20; 1Sam 21:9, and so in all periods; two-edged (short) sword וְלָהּ שְׁנֵי פֵיוֺ֖ת גֹּמֶד אָרְכָּהּ ׳ח Judg 3:16, compare פִּיּוֺת ׳ח Prov 5:4 (in simile), פִּיפִיּוֺת ׳ח Ps 149:6 see also ׳צוּר ח edge of sword Ps 89:44.
b. gird on sword = ׳חָגַר הח 1Sam 17:39; 1Sam 25:13 (3 t. in verse); Ps 45:4 (׳הח ׳ח עַל יָרֵך), שִׂים על ירך Exod 32:27, compare especially 2Sam 20:8.
c. draw the sword ׳הֵרִיק הח Exod 15:9; Lev 26:33; Ezek 5:2; Ezek 5:12; Ezek 12:14; Ezek 28:7, ׳הוציא הח Ezek 21:8; Ezek 21:10, ׳פתח הח Ps 37:14; Ezek 21:33, נטשׁ Isa 21:15 (Gr Che לטשׁ see below); usually ׳שׁלף הח Num 22:23; Num 22:31; Josh 5:13; Judg 3:22; Judg 8:10; Judg 8:20; Judg 9:54; 1Sam 17:51; 1Sam 31:4 = 1Chr 10:4; 1Chr 21:16, and as characteristic of warriors ׳שֹׁלֵף ח Judg 20:2; Judg 20:15; Judg 20:17; Judg 20:25; Judg 20:35; Judg 20:46; 2Sam 24:9; 2Kgs 3:26; 1Chr 21:5 (twice in verse); ׳וַתִּדְבַּק יָדוֺ אֶלהַֿח 2Sam 23:10, insert also in || 1Chr 11:13 (Dr).
d. whet, sharpen the sword ׳לטשׁ הח Ps 7:13 (compare Isa 21:15 above), but also שׁנן Deut 32:41 compare Ps 64:4, הוּחַדָּה Ezek 21:14; Ezek 21:16.
e. put up the sword into the sheath אֶלנְֿדָנָהּ ׳הֵשִׁיב הח 1Chr 21:27 (sheath of sword is elsewhere תַּעַר 1Sam 7:51; 2Sam 20:8; Jer 47:6; Ezek 21:8). feminine slay with sword הרג ׳בח Josh 10:11; Josh 13:22 +; in ימותו אנשׁים 1Sam 2:33, insert בְּחֶרֶב before אנשׁים ᵐ5 We Dr; rarely ׳הכה בח Josh 11:10; 2Kgs 19:37 = Isa 37:38 very often ׳הִכָּה לְפִיחֿ smite according to the mouth of the sword i.e. as the sword can devour (2Sam 2:26; 2Sam 11:25) = without quarter Num 21:24 (E) Deut 13:16 a Deut 20:13; Josh 11:11; Josh 11:12; Josh 11:14 (all D) Judg 18:27; Judg 21:10; 1Kgs 10:25; Job 1:15; Job 1:17 also with העיר as sole object Josh 8:24; Josh 10:28; Josh 10:30; Josh 10:32; Josh 10:35; Josh 10:37, compare vJosh 10:39; Josh 19:47; Judg 1:8; Judg 1:25; Judg 20:37; 1Sam 22:19 (twice in verse); 2Sam 15:14 ׳הרג לפיחֿ Gen 34:26 (J); ׳החרים לפיחֿ Deut 13:16b (including הָעִיר in object), Josh 6:21; 1Sam 15:8, ׳חלשׁ לפיחֿ Exod 17:13 (E); ׳נפל לפיחֿ Josh 8:24; Judg 4:16 ׳ל֗֗֗פיחֿ׳וַיָּהָם י Judg 4:15 — (׳לפיחֿ is chiefly in Joshua and Judges (21 t.), in Hexateuch only J E D; but Job post-exilic).
g. ׳אכלה הח etc., of the sword as devouring: — תּאֹכֵל חַרְבִּי בָשָׂר Deut 32:42 (poetry), 2Sam 2:26; 2Sam 11:25; 2Sam 18:8; Isa 1:10; Jer 2:30; Jer 46:10; Jer 46:14; Nah 2:14.
h. slain by sword is ׳חֲלַלחִֿ Num 19:16 (P) and frequently Ezekiel, ׳חַלְלֵיחֿ Ezek 31:17; Ezek 31:18; Ezek 32:21; Ezek 32:25; Ezek 32:28; Ezek 32:29; Ezek 32:30; Ezek 32:32; Ezek 35:8 ׳מְחֻלְלֵי ח vEzek 35:26 < Co ׳חלליחֿ (on text of Ezek 32:20; Ezek 32:22; Ezek 32:31 see Co).
i. ׳שְׁבֻיוֺת ח Gen 31:26 are captives of (taken by) sword.
j. sword frequently agent of ׳י Judg 7:20; Isa 34:6; Jer 12:12; Jer 47:6 etc., — so Deut 28:22, but read חֹרֶב see below I. חרב (compare on other hand 1Sam 17:47); note especially Gen 3:24 ׳לַהַט הח הַמִּתְהַפֶּכֶת; in poetry ׳לַהַכ ח Nah 3:3, ׳בְּרַק ח Deut 32:41.
k. ׳ח figurative of tongue Ps 57:5 compare Ps 59:8 figurative of violence war, etc., Gen 27:40 in simile Prov 5:4 (of grievous end of dealings with strange women).

2. knife צֻרִים ׳ח flint knives for use in circumcision Josh 5:2; Josh 5:3 (see We^{Skizzen iii, 166}); Ezek 5:1; Ezek 5:2 חַדָּה תַּעַר ׳ח הַגַּלָּבִים (according to Co use of sword as razor is significant).

3. of tools used in hewing stone חַרְבְּךָ הֵנַפְתָּ עליה Exod 20:25 ׳יִתֹּץ בח Ezek 26:9, according to most = tools, axes, 'steel' (Co ' Eisen '), but possibly swords as implement ready to hand; 2Chr 34:6 Qr בְּחַרְבֹתֵיהֶם with their tools; read perhaps בְּחָרְבֹתֵיהֶם in their ruins, Be, who compare Ps 109:10 see חָרְבָּה below II. חרב (ᵐ5 ᵑ9 omit חרב).

sword, swords, dagger, knives, knife, …

ḥereb

drought; also a cutting instrument (from its destructive effect), as a knife, sword, or other sharp implement

sword, knife

sword

כִּֽי

Conjunction for, that, because, but, when, …

Dictionary form: כִּי · kee

Conjunction

In the KJV here: for

for ×2058 that ×621 because ×373 but ×221 when ×190 if ×94 and if ×49 though ×39

More options

because — Causal; explains the reason for a preceding statement.

that — Complementary/content clause; introduces indirect speech or thought.

since — Causal with a presupposed background fact.

when — Temporal; use where כִּי marks time rather than cause.

if — Conditional; use in hypothetical or legal-style clauses.

although — Concessive; acknowledges a contrasting reality.

BDB3937 H3587 H3588

כִּי noun [masculine] burning, branding (for form, compare רִי from רָוָה, אִי, צִי, עִי: Kö^{ii. 1. 64}) — only כִּי תַּחַת יֹ֑פִי Isa 3:24 branding instead of beauty, in judgment on women of Jerusalem.

BDB3995 H3588 H518

כִּי conjunction that, for, when (Moabite id,: Phoenician כ. Probably from the same demonstrative basis found in here, and in certain pronouns, as Aramaic דֵּךְ this (W^{SG 110 f.}); perhaps also ultimately akin with that, in order that, and then, enclitic, like Latin nam in quisnam?) —

1. that (ὅτι, German dass):
a. prefixed to sentences depending on an active verb, and occupying to it the place of an accusative: so constantly, after verbs of seeing, as Gen 1:10 וַיַּרְא אֱלֹהִים כִּי טוֺב and God saw that it was good, Gen 3:6; Gen 6:2; Gen 6:5; Gen 12:14 + often, hearing Gen 14:14; Gen 29:33, knowing Gen 22:12; Gen 24:14, telling Gen 3:11; Gen 12:18, repenting Gen 6:6; Gen 6:7, swearing Gen 22:16; Jer 22:5, believing Exod 4:5; Lam 4:12, remembering Ps 78:35, forgetting Job 39:15 אָמַר = command (late; in early Hebrew the words said are quoted) Job 36:10; Job 36:24 (זְכֹר in a command) Job 37:20 b 1Chr 21:18 (contrast 2Sam 24:18) etc.; טוֺב כּי it is good that ... 2Sam 18:2 + (usually the infinitive with, as Gen 2:18 see ibid.); Gen 37:26 מַהבֶּֿצַע כִּי נַהֲרֹג what profit that we should slay (imperfect)...? Mal 3:14 what proft כִּי שָׁמַרְנוּ that we have kept (perfect)...? Job 22:3 הַחֵפֶץ לְשַׁדַּי כִּי is it pleasure to Shaddai that...? after a pronoun, as Ps 41:12 by this I know that thou hast pleasure in me, that my enemy cannot triumph over me, Ps 42:5 these things will I remember...that (or how) I used to go, etc., Ps 56:10 this I know that God is for me Job 13:16 (הוא). And with כִּי repeated pleonastic after an intervening clause 2Sam 19:7; Jer 26:15 +; כִּי ֗֗֗ וְכִי Gen 3:6; Gen 29:12; Exod 4:31; Josh 2:9; Josh 8:21; Josh 10:1; 1Sam 31:7; 2Sam 5:12; 1Kgs 11:21; Jer 40:7; Jer 40:11 לֵאמֹר ֗֗֗ וְכִי Gen 45:26; Judg 10:10.
b. כִּי often introduces the direct narration (like , , and the Greek ὅτι recitativum, e.g. Luke 4:21), in which case it cannot be represented in English (except by inverted commas), Gen 21:30; Gen 29:33 and she said, ׳כִּי שׁמע י Yahweh hath heard, etc.; Exod 3:12 = Judg 6:16 and he said, כִּי אֶהְיֶה עִמָּ֑ךְ I will be with thee, Josh 2:24; 1Sam 2:16 (see Dr) 1Sam 10:19 and ye have said to him, כִּי מֶלָךְ תָּשִׂים עָלֵינוּ Thou shalt set a king over us, 2Sam 11:23; 1Kgs 1:13; 1Kgs 20:5; Ruth 1:10, compare Ruth 2:21 (but in reply to a question כִּי may = because, see below 3; and so also in sentences giving the explanation of a proper name, Gen 26:22; Gen 29:32 (but De surely: see below), Exod 2:10 (compare Gen 4:25; Gen 41:51; Gen 41:52); in כִּי מָה, introducing an expostulation, 1Sam 29:8; 1Kgs 11:22; 2Kgs 8:13, it gives the reason for a suppressed 'Why do you say this?').
c. especially after an oath חַי אָ֫נִי, ׳חַי י etc., introducing the fact sworn to, Gen 42:16 by the life of Pharaoh, כִּי מְרַגְּלִים אַתֶּם (I say) that ye are spies; but though Hebrew usage probably gave it an asseverative force, English idiom does not require it to be expressed: Num 14:22; 1Sam 20:3 as ׳י liveth, כִּי כְפֶשַׂע בֵּינִי וּבֵין הַמָּוֶת there is but a step between me and death! 1Sam 26:16; 1Sam 29:6; Isa 49:18 +; 1Sam 14:44 כֹּהיַֿעֲשֶׂה אֱלֹהִים וְכֹה יוֺסִיף כִּי מוֺת תָּמוּת thus may God do and more also: thou shalt surely die! 2Sam 3:35; 1Kgs 2:23; Ruth 1:17 and elsewhere — Note that כִּי when thus used is often repeated after an intervening clause, in order that its force may be fully preserved: Gen 1:39 כִּי מוֺת יָמוּת (אִםיֶֿשְׁנוֺ בְּיוֺנָתָן בְּנִי) כִּי ׳חַי י 1Sam 25:34; 2Sam 2:27 ׳כִּי אָז וג (לוּלֵא דִּבַּרְתָּ) כִּי, 2Sam 3:9; 2Sam 15:21 Qr 1Kgs 1:30; Jer 22:24.
d. כִּי is used sometimes with advs. and interjs. to add force or distinctness to the affirmation which follows:
(a) so especially in אַף כִּי (see אַף); הֲכִי is it that . . .? (as a neutral interrogative) 2Sam 9:1, (expecting a negative answer) Gen 29:15 is it that thou art my brother, and shalt (therefore) serve me for nothing? Job 6:22 is it that I have said, Give unto me? expressing surprise Gen 27:36 is it that he is called Jacob, and has (hence) supplanted me twice? 2Sam 23:19 an affirm. answer is required (which would imply הֲלֹא כִי): read probably with the || 1Chr 11:25 הִנּוֺ be-hold, he, etc.; אִםלֹֿא כִּי Deut 32:30 were it not that .. .; אָמְנָם כִּי Job 12:2 of a truth (is it) that ye are the people, etc.; אַךְ כִּי 1Sam 8:9 אֶפֶם כִּי Num 13:28 +; גַּם כִּי Ruth 2:21 הֲלֹא כִי 1Sam 10:1 (but see ᵐ5 Dr), 2Sam 13:28 הִנֵּה כִי Ps 128:4 compare Ps 118:10 כִּי אֲמִיַלם ׳בְּשֵׁם י in the name of ׳י (is it) that — or (I say) that — I will mow them down; Job 39:27 doth the vulture mount up at thy command, וְכִי יָרִים קִנּוֺ and (is it) that it (so) makes high its nest? Isa 36:19 have the gods of the nations delivered each his land etc.? . . . וְכִי הִצִּילוּ i.e. (Hi) and (is it) that they have delivered Samaria out of my hand? > (Ew^{§ 354 c} De Di) and that they have delivered Samaria out of my hand! = how much less (אַף כִּי) have they, etc.! (|| 2Kgs 18:34 כִּי alone, perhaps conformed by error to v2Kgs 18:35; 2Chr 32:15 אַף כִּי, which however does not decide the sense of the original וְכִי). 1Chr 29:14 וְכִי מִי read ומי or כי מי
(b) in introducing the apodosis, especially in כִּי עַתָּה (chiefly after לוּלֵא) indeed then . . ., Gen 31:42; Gen 43:10 for unless we had tarried כִּי עַתָּה שַׁבְנוּ surely then we had returned twice, Num 22:33 (read לוּלֵי for אוּלַי); so 1Sam 14:30 ᵐ5 (after לוּא), and 1Sam 13:13 Hi We (לֻא for לֹא); after אִם Job 8:6 surely then he will awake over thee, etc. (But elsewhere כִּי עַתָּה is simply for now, Gen 29:32; Job 7:21 +; or for then = for in that case, Exod 9:15; Num 22:29; Job 3:13; Job 6:3 +). It is dubious whether כִּי אָז has the same sense: for 2Sam 2:27; 2Sam 19:7 the כִּי in כִּי אָז may be merely resumptive of the כִּי recitation preceding (see a, c). Rare otherwise: Exod 22:22 if thou afflict him כִּי אִםצָֿעֹק יִצְעַק 'tis that (= indeed), if he cries unto me, I will hear him, Isa 7:9 if ye believe not כִּי לֹא תֵאֵָמנוּ ׃ indeed ye will not be established.
e. there seem also to be other cases in which כִּי, standing alone, has an intensive force, introducing a statement with emphasis, yea, surely, certainly (German ja — a lighter particle than these English words): see in AV RV Exod 18:11; Num 23:23; 1Sam 17:25; 1Sam 20:26; 2Kgs 23:22; Isa 32:13; Isa 60:9; Jer 22:22; Jer 31:19; Hos 6:9; Hos 8:6; Hos 9:12; Hos 10:3; Amos 3:7; Ps 76:11; Ps 77:12 (Ew Che), Prov 30:2 (but not if construed as RVm), Eccl 4:16; Eccl 7:7; Eccl 7:20; Job 28:1 +; Lam 3:22 (ᵑ6 ᵑ7 Ew Th Öttli) the mercies of ׳י, surely they are not consumed (read probably תַמּוּ or תָֽמְמוּ for תמנו), Ruth 3:12 כִּי אָמְנָם yea, indeed. But it is doubtful whether כִּי has this force in all the passages for which scholars have had recourse to it, and whether in some it is not simply = for. De^{Prov 30:1} would restrict the usage to cases in which a suppressed clause may be understood. feminine that, expressing consecution, especially after a question implying surprise or deprecation: followed by perf., Gen 20:9 what have I sinned against thee כִּי הֵבֵאתָ עָלַי that thou hast brought upon me? 1Sam 22:8; Isa 22:1 what aileth thee, that thou art gone up, etc.? vIsa 22:16; Isa 36:5; Isa 52:5; Mic 4:9; Hab 2:18 followed by participle Judg 14:3; 1Sam 20:1; 1Kgs 18:9 how have I sinned that thou art giving, etc.? 2Kgs 5:7; Ezek 24:19 usually followed by imperfect Exod 3:11 who am I כִּי אֵלֵךְ that I should go, etc.? Exod 16:7; Judg 8:6; Judg 9:28; 2Kgs 8:13; Isa 7:13; Isa 29:16 (also perfect), Ps 8:5 what is man כִּי תִזְכְּרֶנּוּ? Job 3:12 or why the breasts כִּי אִינָָֽק ׃ that I should suck? Job 6:11 מַהכֹּֿחִי כִּי אִַיַחֵל, Job 7:12; Job 7:17; Job 10:5f.; Job 13:25f.; Job 15:12f; Job 15:14; Job 16:3; Job 21:15 +; after a negative, Gen 40:15 here also I have done nothing כִּי שָׂמוּ that they should have placed me in the dungeon, Ps 44:19f. our heart has not turned backward, etc. כִּי דִכִּיתָנוּ that thou shouldst have crushed us, etc., Isa 43:22 not me hast thou called on, כִּי יָגַעְתָּ בִּי that thou shouldst have wearied thyself with me, Hos 1:6 (see RV), Job 41:2; Ruth 1:12 I am too old to have an husband כִּי אָמַרְתִּי that I should have said, etc. (compare Ew^{§ 337 a}; Dr^{§ 39} δ).
g. added to preps. כִּי converts them, like אֲשֶׁר, into conjs. ..., as יַעַן כִּי because that...: see below יַעַן, עַד, עַל, עֵקֶב, תַּחַת.

2. a. Of time, when, of the past וַיְהִי כִּי Gen 6:1 (compare Bu^{Urg. 6}), Gen 26:8; Gen 27:1; 2Sam 6:13; 2Sam 7:1; 2Sam 19:26 + (כַּאֲשֶׁר and especially כְּ with infinitive, are more frequently); וְהָיָה כִּי (simple וְ) 1Sam 1:12; 1Sam 17:48; Josh 22:7; Judg 2:18; Judg 12:5 והיה כי יאמרו and it would be, whenever (frequently) they said, Jer 44:19 (participle), Hos 11:1; Ps 32:3 כי החרשׁתי when I was silent, Job 31:21; Job 31:26; Job 31:29 of present (usually with imperfect) as Exod 18:16 כִּי יִהְיֶה לָהֶם דָּבָר when they have a matter, 1Sam 24:20; Isa 1:12; Isa 30:21; Jer 14:12; Zech 7:5; Zech 7:6; Mal 1:8; Ps 49:19 and men praise thee כִּי תֵיטִיב לָ֑ךְ when thou doest well to thyself, Ps 102:1; Ps 127:5 +, with perfect Ezek 3:19-21; Ezek 33:9; Prov 11:15; Prov 23:22 especially of future, as Gen 4:12 כִּי תַעֲבֹד אֶתהָֿאֲדָמָה when thou shalt till the ground it shall not, etc., Gen 24:41; Gen 30:33; Gen 31:49; Gen 32:18; Exod 7:9 when Pharaoh shall speak unto you, Deut 4:25; Deut 6:20 +; in phrase (׳תאֹמַר וג) וְכִי תאֹמְרוּ Lev 25:20; Deut 18:21; Isa 8:19; Isa 36:7; Jer 13:22 and especially in ... וְהָיָה כִּי Gen 12:12; Gen 46:33; Deut 6:10; Deut 15:16; 1Sam 10:7; 1Sam 25:30; Isa 8:21; Isa 10:12 + often; with perfect Isa 16:12; 1Chr 17:11 (altered from imperfect 2Sam 7:12); with participle (unusual) Num 33:51; Num 34:2; Deut 11:31; Deut 18:9.
b. elsewhere כִּי has a force approximating to if, though it usually represents a case as more likely to occur than אִם: — (mostly with imperfect) Gen 38:16; Num 5:20; Num 10:32; Deut 6:25; Deut 7:17; Deut 28:2; Deut 28:13; 1Sam 20:13; 2Sam 19:8; 2Kgs 4:29; 2Kgs 18:22; Jer 38:15; Prov 4:8; Job 7:13 (כי אמרתי when I say), Job 19:28 often in laws, as Exod 21:14; Exod 21:33; Exod 21:35; Exod 21:37; Exod 22:4; Exod 22:5 etc., Deut 13:13; Deut 14:24; Deut 15:7; Deut 15:12; Deut 17:2; Deut 18:6; Deut 18:21 etc.; sometimes, in particular, to state a principle broadly, after which special cases are introduced by אִם, as Exod 21:2 when (כִּי) thou buyest a Hebrew servant, he shall serve thee six years, after which vExod 21:3-5 follow four special cases with אִם if: so Exod 21:7 (כי), vExod 21:8-11 (אם); vExod 21:18 (כי), vExod 21:19 (אם); vExod 21:20 (כי), vExod 21:21 (אם); vExod 21:22 f; vExod 21:28-32; Lev 1:2 (כי), vLev 1:3 vLev 1:10 (אם) Lev 4:2; Lev 4:3; Lev 4:13; Lev 4:27; Lev 4:32; Lev 13:2ff. Num 30:3ff. +; though this distinction is not uniformly observed, contrast e.g. Exod 21:5 with Deut 15:16; Num 5:19 and vNum 5:20. —

N.B. with כִּי = when or if, the subject is often prefixed for distinctness and emphasis: 1Kgs 8:37 רָעָב ׳כִּייִֿהְיֶה בָאָרֶץ דֶּבֶר כִּי יִהְיֶה וג, Isa 28:18; Mic 5:4 אַשּׁוּר כִּייָֿבאֹ בְאַרְצֵנוּ, Ps 62:11; Ezek 3:19 (וְאַתָּה), Ezek 14:9; Ezek 14:13; Ezek 18:5; Ezek 18:18; Ezek 18:21; Ezek 33:6 (compare vEzek 33:2); and especially in laws of P, as כִּי ֗֗֗ אָדָם Lev 1:2; Lev 13:2, ... נֶפֶשׁ כִּי Lev 2:1; Lev 4:2; Lev 5:1; Lev 5:4; Lev 5:15, similarly Lev 15:2; Lev 15:16; Lev 15:19; Lev 15:25; Lev 22:12; Lev 22:13; Lev 22:14 etc., rather differently Num 5:20.
c. when or if, with a concessive force, i.e. though: —
(a) with imperfect Jer 4:30 (3 t. in verse); Jer 14:12; Jer 49:16 כִּיתַֿגְבִּיהַּ כַּנֶּשֶׁר קִנֶּ֑ךָ though thou make high like the vulture thy nest, I will bring thee down thence, Jer 51:53; Hos 13:15; Zech 8:6; Ps 37:24; Ps 49:19f. though in his lifetime he bless himself ... he shall come, etc., perhaps also Jer 46:23 Ew (but Hi Gf Ke for), Jer 50:11 Ew Ke (Hi yea); and strengthened by גַּם, גַּם כִּי Isa 1:5; Ps 23:4 (compare Dr^{§ 143});
(b) with perf. (rare) Mic 7:8 כִּי נָפַלְתִּי קָ֑מְתִּי though I have fallen, I rise, Nah 1:10 (si vera 1.), Ps 21:12 (Hi Ew Now), Ps 119:88 (Ew De).

3. Because, since ὅτι —
a. Gen 3:14 because thou hast done this, cursed art thou, etc., vGen 3:17; Gen 18:20; Gen 17:20 the cry of Sodom and Gomorrah — because it is great ... (subject prefixed for emphasis: compare 2

N.B.) Isa 28:15 in answer to a question, Gen 27:20; Exod 1:19; Exod 18:15; 2Sam 19:43 +. Enunciating the conditions under which a future action is conceived as possible (German indem) Lev 22:9; Deut 4:29 כי תדרשׁנו, Deut 12:20 (see Dr), vDeut 12:25 vDeut 12:28; Deut 13:19; Deut 14:24; Deut 16:15; Deut 19:6; Deut 19:9 +, 1Kgs 8:35 (compare v1Kgs 8:33 אֲשֶׁר), v1Kgs 8:36 כִּי תוֺרֵם, Prov 4:8b.
b. more commonly the causal sentence follows, as Gen 2:3 and God blessed the seventh day ׳כִּי בוֺ שָׁבַת וג because on it he rested, etc., Gen 4:25 etc., in which case it may often be rendered for, Gen 2:5; Gen 2:28; Gen 3:20; Gen 5:24; Gen 6:7; Gen 6:12; Gen 6:13; Ps 6:3 heal me כִּי נִבְהֲלוּ עֲצָמָ֑י for my bones are vexed, Ps 10:14; Ps 25:16; Ps 27:10 + very often specifically after verbs expressive of mental emotions, as rejoicing Isa 14:29; Ps 58:11, being angry Gen 31:35; Gen 45:5, fearing Gen 43:18; Ps 49:17 etc. Iron. 1Kgs 18:27 for he is a god etc. (4 t.); Prov 30:4; Job 38:5 כִּי תֵדָ֑ע for or since thou knowest. With subject prefixed Ps 128:2. Repeated (with anacoluthon) Isa 49:19.
c. the causal relation expressed by כִּי is sometimes subtle, especially in poetry, and not apparent without careful study of a passage. Thus sometimes it justifies a statement or description by pointing to a pregnant fact which involves it, as Isa 3:8a Job 6:21 (ground of the comparison vJob 6:15-20), Job 14:16 (For...: ground of the wishes expressed vJob 14:13-15), Job 16:22 (ground of vJob 16:20f.) Job 30:26 (For ...), or by pointing to a general truth which it exemplifies Job 5:6 (reason why complaining vJob 5:2-5 is foolish), Job 15:34; Job 23:14 sometimes it is explicative, justifying a statement by unfolding the particulars which establish or exemplify it 2Sam 5:7; 2Sam 7:8; Isa 9:4; Isa 10:8-11; Isa 13:10 (development of vIsa 13:9a); Isa 32:6 f. (developing the characters of the נָבָל and כִּילַי, and so explaining why they will no longer be esteemed vIsa 32:5); Job 11:16ff. (explicit of vJob 11:15b), Job 18:8 ff. (justifying vJob 18:7), Job 22:26 ff. (justifying vJob 22:25); elsewhere the cause is expressed indirectly or figuratively Isa 2:6 (reason why invitation vIsa 2:5 is needed), Isa 5:10 (sterility of the soil the cause of the desolation vIsa 5:9), Isa 18:5; Isa 28:8 (proof of the intoxication vIsa 28:7), Isa 31:7 (reason for the exhortation vIsa 31:6: the certainty that the folly of idolatry will soon be recognized), Job 7:21 (for soon it will be too late to pardon), Job 27:8-10 (Job wishes his enemy the lot of the wicked, because this is so hopeless); or כִּי relates not to the see which immediately precedes or follows, but to several, as Isa 7:16f. (Isa 7:17 specially the ground of the people being reduced to simple fare vIsa 7:15), Isa 21:6ff. (ground of the statements vIsa 21:1-5), Job 4:5 (ground of vJob 4:2), Job 14:7-12 (Job 14:10-12 specially the ground for the appeal in vJob 14:6), Job 23:10-13 (ground why God cannot be found vJob 23:8f.), Ps 73:21 (ground not of vPs 73:20, but of the general train of thought vPs 73:2); similarly Gen 4:24; Deut 18:14; Jer 30:11 the reason lies not in the words immediately after כִּי, but in the second part of the sentence; or, on the other hand, it may state the reason for a particular word, Isa 28:20 (justifying 'nought but terror' vIsa 28:19), Job 23:17 (God's hostility vJob 23:16 the cause of his misery, not the calamity as such). Sometimes also כִּי, in a poetic orrhetorical style, gives the reason for a thought not expressed but implied, especially the answer to a question; Isa 28:11 (the mockeries of vIsa 28:10 have a meaning) 'for with men of strange lips, etc. he will speak unto this people,' who will retort the mockeries, charged with a new and terrible meaning, upon those who uttered them (Isa 28:13); = (no,) for Isa 28:28 (see RVm), Job 22:2b no, he that is wise is profitable to himself, Job 31:18; Job 39:14 (see vJob 39:13b), Ps 44:24 (he cannot do this, vPs 44:23) for for thy sake are we killed, etc., Ps 130:4 no, with thee is forgiveness; = (yes,) for Isa 49:25 (see the question vIsa 49:24), Isa 66:8.
d. כִּי ֗֗֗ כִּי ἀσυνδέτως sometimes introduce the proximate and ultimate cause respectively, Gen 3:19; Gen 26:7; Gen 43:32; Gen 47:20; Exod 23:33 for [else] thou wilt serve their gods, for it will be a snare to thee, Isa 2:6 (twice in verse); Isa 3:8 (twice in verse); Isa 6:5a, b; Isa 10:22f.; Job 6:3f.; Job 8:8; Job 8:9 (twice in verse); Job 24:17 (twice in verse); Job 29:11f.; sometimes they introduce two co-ordinate causes (where we should insert and), Exod 23:21; Exod 23:22; Isa 6:5b,c I am undone, because I am of unclean lips..., because mine eyes have seen ׳י of hosts, Isa 15:5 (twice in verse); Isa 15:6 (twice in verse); Isa 15:8; Isa 15:9; Zeph 3:8f.; Job 15:25; Job 15:27; Job 20:19f.; Job 31:11f. But כִּי ֗֗֗ וְכִי also occurs, Gen 33:11; Num 5:20 (if), Josh 7:15; Judg 6:30; 1Sam 19:4; 1Sam 22:17; 1Kgs 2:26; Isa 65:16 +.
e. after a negative כִּי for becomes = but (German sondern): Gen 17:15 thou shalt not call her name Sarai, כִּי שָׂרָה שְׁמָהּ for (= but) Sarah shall be her name, Gen 24:3f.; Gen 45:8; Exod 1:19; Exod 16:8 not against us are your murmurings, ׳כי עליֿ for (they are) against ׳י = but against ׳י, Deut 21:17; 1Sam 6:3 (אַל), 1Sam 27:1 (see Dr), 1Kgs 21:17; Isa 10:7; Isa 28:27; Isa 29:23; Isa 30:5; Ps 44:8; Ps 118:17 + often; so in לא כי nay, for = nay, but, as Gen 18:15 לֹא כִּי צָחָֽקְתְּ nay, but thou didst laugh, Gen 19:2; Gen 42:12; Josh 5:14; 1Sam 2:16 MSS ᵐ5 (see Dr), 1Sam 12:12; 2Sam 16:18; 2Sam 24:24; 1Kgs 2:30; 1Kgs 3:22; 1Kgs 11:22; Isa 30:16 nay, but we will flee upon horses.

Note. — כִּי is sometimes of difficult and uncertain interpretation, and in some of the passages quoted a different explanation is tenable. Authorities especially read the Hebrew differently, when the choice is between for and yea. E.g. Isa 8:23 Ges Ew^{§ 330 b} doch (no, but); Hi Di for (taking vIsa 8:22 as RVm); Ch surely: Isa 15:1 Ges Ew Hi Di surely; De for: Isa 39:8 Ges Hi De surely; Di for (explanation of טוֺב): Ezek 11:16 Hi Ke Co surely; Ew Sm because. — In Exod 20:25 the tense of וַתְּחַלֲלֶהָ makes it probably that כֹּי is for (Dr^{§ 153}). Job 22:29 is taken with least violence to usage (גַּאֲוָה) as Hi When they humble thee, and thou sayest (= complainest) Pride! he will save, etc. כִּי אִםֿ (the אִם always followed by makkeph, except Gen 15:4; Num 35:33; Neh 2:2, where כִּיאִֿם is read by the Mass.: Fr^{MM 241}) —

1. each particle retaining its independent force, and relating to a different clause:
a. that if Jer 26:15 after an oath (כִּי not translated: see כִּי 1 c) if 1Sam 14:39; Jer 22:24, surely not (אִם 1 b 2) 2Sam 3:35; 1Sam 25:34 (כִּי being resumptive of the כִּי before לוּלֵי: see כִּי 1 c); Exod 22:22 (in apodosis) indeed if . . . (see כִּי 1 d).
b. for if Exod 8:17; Exod 9:2; Exod 10:4; +, for though Isa 10:22; Jer 37:20; Amos 5:22, but if Jer 7:5.

2. (About 140 t.) the two particles being closely conjoined, and relating to the same clause —
a. limiting the preceding clause, except (after a negative, or an oath, or question, the equivalent of a negative) — the most usual term for expressing this idea: followed by verb Gen 32:27 I will not let thee go; כִּי אִםבֵּֿרַכְתָּֽנִי literally but (כִּי 3 e) if thou bless me (that is, I will let thee go), i.e., subordinating the second clause to the first, 'I will not let thee go, except thou bless me;' Lev 22:6 he shall not eat of the holy things כִּי אִםרָֿחַץ except he have washed his flesh, Isa 65:6; Amos 3:7; Ruth 3:18; Lam 5:21f. (Ew Näg Ke Che Öttli), turn thou us unto thee, etc., unless thou have utterly rejected us, (and) art very wroth with us (= Or hast thou utterly rejected us? etc. Ew Öttli); followed by a noun, except, but, Gen 28:17 this is nothing ׳כִּי אִםבֵּֿית הָאֱ but the house of God, Gen 32:9 he withholds from me nothing כִּי אִםאֿוֺתָךְ except thee, Lev 21:2; Num 14:30 (after אִם), Num 26:65 (compare Num 32:12 בִּלְתִּי), Josh 14:4; 1Sam 30:17; 1Sam 30:22; 2Sam 12:3 אֵין כֹּל כִּי אִםֿ (so 2Kgs 4:2), 2Kgs 19:29; 1Kgs 17:1 (after אִם), 1Kgs 22:31; 2Kgs 5:15; 2Kgs 9:35; 2Kgs 13:7; Jer 22:17; Jer 44:14 +; after אַל, 2Chr 23:6 followed by an adverb clause, Gen 42:15; Num 35:33; 2Sam 3:13 (but כִּי אִם and לִפְנֵי are mutually exclusive: read probably with ᵐ5 כִּי אִםהֵֿבֵיאתָ); after an interrogative Isa 42:19 who is blind כִּי אִםעַֿבְדִּי but my servant ? (who is blind in comparison with him ?), Deut 10:12; Mic 6:8; Eccl 5:10; 2Chr 2:5.
b. the if being neglected, and treated as pleonastic (compare אִם 1 c), so that the clause is no longer a limitation of the preceding clause but a contradiction of it: but rather, but (= a slightly strengthened כִּי), Gen 15:4 this man shall not be thy heir; ׳כִּי אִםאֲֿשֶׁר וג but one that shall come forth from thy own bowels, he shall be thy heir (compare 1Kgs 8:19), 1Kgs 32:29 thy name shall no more be called Jacob כִּי אִםיִֿשְׂרָאֵל but Israel (compare כִּי alone 1Kgs 17:15), 1Kgs 47:18 we will not hide it from my lord, but the money . . . is all made over to, etc., Exod 12:9 not boiled in water, but roast with fire, Deut 7:5; Deut 12:5; Deut 16:6; Josh 23:8; 1Sam 2:15 he will not take of thee boiled flesh כִּי אִםחָֽֿי׃ but raw, 1Sam 8:19 לֹא כִּי אִםמֶֿלֶךְ יִהְיֶה עָלֵינוּ nay, but a king shall be over us (compare כי alone, 1Sam 10:19; 1Sam 12:12), 1Sam 21:5; 2Sam 5:6; 1Kgs 18:18; 2Kgs 10:23 (פֶּן), Isa 33:21; Isa 55:10; Isa 55:11; Isa 59:2; Jer 3:10; Jer 7:32; Jer 9:23; Jer 16:15; Jer 20:3; Jer 44:10; Ps 1:2; Ps 1:4; Prov 23:17 (אַל) Psalm +; with the principal verb repeated (as Gen 15:4; 1Kgs 8:19), Lev 21:14; Ezek 44:22; Num 10:30; 2Kgs 23:23; Jer 39:12 Kt (Qr omit אִם), compare Jer 7:23. Occasionally in colloquial language, the negative, it seems, is left to be understood: 1Sam 26:10 as ׳י liveth, (by no means,) כִּי אִם but ׳י shall smite him, 2Sam 13:33 Kt (by no means,) but Amnon alone is dead (Qr omits אִם). Followed by imperative Isa 65:18; Ezek 12:23; Jer 39:12; 2Chr 25:8. Sometimes also, though rarely (and not certainly), כִּי אִם appears to have the force of only even without a previous negative: Gen 40:14 כִּי אִםזְֿכַרְתָּנִי אִתְּךָ only have (?) me in remembrance with thyself (but read perhaps אַךְ for כִּי; see Dr^{§ 119} δ n., the use of a bare perfect, without לוּ, or even waw consecutive, to express a wish or command is unexampled), Num 24:22 כִּי אִםֿ יִהְיֶה לְבָעֵר קָֽיִן׃ only, nevertheless, the Kenite shall be for extermination (compare Di), Job 42:8 (De Di) כִּי אִםפָּֿנָיו אֶשָּׂא
c. after an oath כִּי אִם appears to = a strengthened כִּי (compare בִּלְתִּי אִם, אִם ׃עַד אִם 1 c), introducing the fact sworn to (see כִּי 1 c): 2Kgs 5:20 as ׳י liveth, כִּי אִםרַֿצְתִּי surely I will run (perfect of certitude) after him, etc., Jer 51:14 (Ges Hi Gf RV) surley I will fill thee with men (namely, assailants), etc. (but Ew Ke Ch treat the particles as separate (כִּי as כִּי 1 c): though I have filled thee with men —; i.e. increased thy population, — yet shall they — the assailants — lift up the shout against thee), 2Sam 15:21 Kt (Qr omits אִם); after an assever. particle Ruth 3:12 Kt וְעַתָּה כִּי אָמְנָם כִּי אִם גּוֺאֵל אָנֹכִי and now, yea indeed, surely I am thy kinsman (Qr omits אִם); the oath being understood, Judg 15:7 if ye do thus, כִּי אִםנִֿקַּמְתִּי surely (Ges hercle) I will avenge myself, 1Sam 21:6 כִּי אִםאִֿשָּׁה עֲצֻרָה לָנוּ of a truth women have been kept from us, etc., 1Kgs 20:6 surely tomorrow I will send, etc., Prov 23:18 (see De) surely there is a reward; perhaps also Job 42:8.

BDB3996 H3588 H5921 H3651

כִּי עַל כֵּן forasmuch as, a peculiar phrase found Gen 18:5; Gen 19:8; Gen 33:10; Gen 38:26; Num 10:31; Num 14:43; Judg 6:22; 2Sam 18:20 Qr (rightly), Jer 29:28; Jer 38:4 — literally for therefore, emphasizing the ground pleonastically (Ew^{§ 353 a} ). The original force of the phrase is traceable in some of the passages in which it occurs, as Gen 18:5 let me fetch a morsel of bread, and comfort your heart; כִּיעַֿלכֵּֿן עֲבַרְתֶּם עַל עַבְדְּכֶם for therefore (that is, to partake of such hospitality) are ye come to your servant, Num 14:43 the Amalekite and the Canaanite are there, and ye will fall by the sword, כִּיעַֿלכֵּֿן שַׁבְתֶּם for therefore (to encounter such a fate) have ye turned back from ׳י etc.: but in process of time the distinct sense of its component parts was no doubt gradually obscured, and it thus came to be used conventionally, as a mere particle of causation, even where there was no preceding statement to which עַל כֵּן therefore could be explicitly referred. אֲשֶׁר עַל כֵּן appears to be used similarly (compare אֲשֶׁר 8 c) Job 34:27.

BDB6199 H6258 H2088 H2009 H5704 H3588

עַתָּ֫ה₄₃₅ (also Ezek 23:43; Ps 74:6 עת Kt, Qr עַתָּה), עָ֑֫תָּה Gen 32:5 +, adverb of time, now (properly accusative of [`int],עֵת (Kö^{ii. 260}), at the time, in particular of the present time, i.e. now; compare German zur Zeit, Arabic at the time, i.e. now); — now:

1. a. Gen 12:19 ועתה הנה אשׁתך and now, behold thy wife, Gen 22:12 כי עתח ידעתי now, I know (so Exod 18:11; Judg 17:13; 1Kgs 17:24 [עַתָּה זֶה], Ps 20:7), Gen 26:22; Gen 26:29; Gen 27:36; Gen 31:13; Gen 31:28, etc., Exod 5:5 הך רבים עתה עם הארץ; whether in opposed to past time, as Gen 32:11; Josh 14:11 כְּכֹחִי אָז וּכְכֹחִי עָ֑תָּה, Judg 11:8; 1Kgs 12:4; Isa 1:21 ועתה מרצחים, Isa 16:14; Hos 2:9 כִּי טוֺב לִי אָז מַעָ֑תָּה, Hos 13:2, Job 30:1 +, or to future, as Num 24:17 אֶרְאֶנּוּ ולא עתה, Judg 8:6 חֲכַף עַתָּהכְּֿיָדֶ֑ךָ ׳זֶבַח וצ, 1Sam 2:16 כִּי עַתָּה תִּתֵּן; = after all Num 22:38; Judg 8:2 = now at last 2Sam 24:16; 1Kgs 19:4; 2Kgs 19:25; Hos 7:2; Jer 4:12 and in the phrase מעתה ועד עולם Isa 9:6; Isa 59:21; (see below), Ps 113:2; Ps 115:18; Ps 121:8; Ps 125:2; Ps 131:3.
b. of the imminent or impending future: Gen 19:9 עַתָּה נָרַע לְךָ מַהֶם. Gen 29:32 כי עתה יאהבני אישׁי, vGen 29:34; Exod 6:1 עתה תראה, Num 11:23; Num 22:4; 2Sam 20:6; Isa 33:10 (Ps 12:6), Isa 43:19; Isa 49:19; Amos 6:7 לכן עתה יִגְלוּ, Isa 49:19; Mic 7:4; Mic 7:10; Dan 10:20 and especially ἀσυνδέτως in Hosea, introducing a punishment, Hos 4:16 ׳וגו ׳עתה יִרְעֵם י Hos 5:7; Hos 8:8; Hos 8:13 (Jer 14:10), Jer 10:2.
c. of a time ideally present (= then, from our point of view): Isa 29:22 לא עתה יבושׁ יעקב, v^b Hos 10:3; Mic 4:9; Mic 4:10; Mic 4:11; Mic 4:14; Mic 5:3.
d. describing a present state = as things are: 1Sam 8:5 thou art old, etc., עתה שִׂימָה לנו מלך, 1Sam 9:6; 1Sam 13:12; 1Sam 14:30; 1Sam 25:7b; 1Sam 27:1 now I shall be swept away one day, etc., 2Kgs 18:20; 2Kgs 18:25; Job 6:21; Job 14:16; Job 16:7.
e. with an Imperative, as an encouragement, implying that the time has come for the exhortation or advice to be followed, Gen 31:13 עתה קים צא, Exod 18:19 עתה שְׁמַע בקולי, Num 22:11; Deut 2:13; 1Sam 30:8.

2. Phrases:
a. עַתָּה זֶה (זְה 4 h) 1Kgs 17:24; 2Kgs 5:22.
b. ועתה and, now, or now, therefore (וְ 4), drawing a conclusion, especially (compare 1 e) a practical one, from what has been stated: Gen 3:22 and now (since man has once been disobedient), lest he put forth his hand, etc., Gen 20:7; Gen 20:23 וְעַתָּה הִשָּֽׁבְעָה לִי הֵ֫נָּה, Gen 27:3; Gen 27:8 ועתה בני שְׁמַע בקולי, Gen 30:30; Gen 31:16; Gen 31:44; Gen 37:20 + often, Isa 5:3; Isa 5:5; Ps 2:10; Gen 11:6 ׳ועתה לאֹיִֿבָּצֵר מֵהֶם וגו, Gen 31:30; Gen 45:8; 2Sam 19:11; Ps 39:8 ועתה מַהקִּֿזִּיתִי אֲדֹנָי, Isa 52:5,
c. וְעַתָּה הִנֵּה stating the ground on which some conclusion or action is to be based, Exod 3:9; Josh 14:10 (twice in verse); 1Sam 12:2; 1Sam 24:21; 1Kgs 1:18; Jer 40:4 (with ועתה usually repeated afer the הנה-clause).
d. גם עתה Gen 44:10; 1Sam 12:16; 1Kgs 14:14; Joel 2:12; Job 16:19.
e. מֵעַתָּה from now, henceforth, Jer 3:4; Isa 48:6; Dan 10:17 (according to some, here = from just now), 2Chr 16:9 מעתה ועד עוּלּסּ, see above 1 a end. feminine עַדעַֿתָּה until now, Gen 32:5, ׳וֶאֵחַר עדעֿ, Deut 12:9 ׳אל הנחלה לא באתם עד ע (opposed to the future), 2Kgs 13:23 especially after clause with מִן, 2Kgs 46:34 ׳מִנְּעוּרֵינוּ וְעַדעֿ (2Sam 19:8; Ezek 4:14), Exod 9:18; 2Kgs 8:6; Ruth 2:7.
g. כִּי עַתָּה for in this case, in our idiom, for them (עתה pointing to a condition assumed as a possible contingency: compare Dr^{§ 141, 142}); (a) Exod 9:15 כי עתה ׳שׁלחתי וגו for then (if the intention expressed in vExod 9:14 had not existed) I should have put forth my hand, etc., Num 22:29 כי עתה הֲרַגְתִּיךְ, 1Sam 13:13; Job 3:13 followed by imperfect Job 6:3 for then (if it were weighed, vJob 6:2) it would be heavier, etc., Job 13:19 for then would I be silent and die; (b) after a protasis, surely then Gen 31:42 + (see כִּי 1 d b, p. 472). — Note. Read כְּמוֺ עַתָּ) (ᵐ5 ᵑ9) as now, for כְּמוֺ עֵת Ezek 16:57, עַתָּ נִשְׁבַּרְתְּ (ᵐ5 ᵑ6 ᵑ9) now art thou broken ! for עֵת נִשְׁבֶּרֶת Ezek 27:34, and probably עַתָּ בָּא (Hi We Kö Now, compare ᵐ5 ᵑ6) for עֶתבּֿאֹ Hag 1:2 also עַתָּה for אַתָּה 1Kgs 1:20, and אַתָּה for עַתָּה v1Kgs 1:18b 2Sam 18:3.

BDB6202 H3282 H834 H3588

יַעַן₉₆ properly substantive, purpose, intention, but always used as preposition or conjunction, on account of, because (for יַעֲנֶה, of the form יִצְהָר etc., Sta^{§ 259} Kö^{ii. 403}; compare mean, intend): —

1. as preposition, rarely with a substantive, Ezek 5:9 יַעַן תּוֺעֲבוֺתֵיכֶם, Hag 1:9 יַעַן מָה, vHag 1:9 יַעַן בֵּיתִי; with a participle Ezek 36:13 יען אמרים because of men saying to you (but read probablyאָמְרָם, Co Toy Berthol); frequently with infinitive with, 1Kgs 21:20 יַעַן הִתְמַכֶּרְךָ on account of thy having sold thyself, Amos 5:11; Isa 30:12; Isa 37:29 (= 2Kgs 19:28) יַעֵן הִתְרַגֶּזְךָ אֵלַי, Jer 5:14; Jer 7:13; Jer 23:38; Jer 48:7, and often. (c. 18 t.) in Ezek., as Jer 5:7 (read יַעַן הַמְרֹתְכֶם), Jer 13:8; Jer 13:22; Jer 25:3; Jer 25:6; Jer 25:8; Jer 25:12.

2. As conjunction:
a. יַעַן אֲשֶׁר (32 t.), usually with perfect, as Gen 22:16 יען אשׁר עשׂית זאת because that thou hast done this, Deut 1:36 (Josh 14:14), Judg 2:20; 1Sam 30:22; 1Kgs 3:11; 1Kgs 8:18; Jer 19:4; Jer 25:8; Jer 29:23 (not Isaiah) +; with imperfect (in frequent. sense) Ezek 44:12.
b. יַען כִּי, Num 11:20 ׳יַעַן כִּי מְאַסְתֶּם אֶתיֿ, 1Kgs 13:21; 1Kgs 21:29; Isa 3:16; Isa 7:5; Isa 8:6; Isa 29:13.
c. יַעַן alone (23 t.), with perfect Num 20:12 יַעַן לֹא הֶאֱמַנְתֶּם בִּי, 1Sam 15:23; 1Kgs 14:13; 1Kgs 20:42; 2Kgs 22:19; Hos 8:1; Isa 61:1; Isa 65:12; Isa 66:4 with imperfect (frequently) Ezek 34:21 of the future Ezek 12:12 because he shall not see, etc., (but ᵐ5 Co Kau Berthol לְמַעַן אשׁר לא יֵרָאֶה לָעַיִן): usually the verb follows immediately, but Ezek. sometimes puts the object first for emphasis, Ezek 5:11 יַעַן אֶתמִֿקְדָּשִׁי טִמֵּאתָ, Ezek 20:16; Ezek 20:24; Ezek 36:6, compare Ezek 34:21.

3. יַעַן וּבְיַעַן, q.d. because and by the cause (that), followed by perhaps, Lev 26:43 (H) יען וביען בְּמִשְׁפָּטַי מָאָ֔סוּ, Ezek 13:10 יַעַן בְּיַעַז followed by infinitive, Ezek 36:3. (In all, reckoning יען (ו)ביען once each, 93 t., of which 20 are in 1-2 Kings, 11 in Jeremiah, 38 in Ezekiel; and only 9 in Genesis—2Samuel.)

BDB9640 H3809 H3861 H518 H2006 H3808 H3588

II. לָהֵן conjunction except, but (from לָא and הֵן 'not if' (compare Hebrew אם לא Gen 24:38); so Nabataean and Egyptian Aramaic להן Cooke^{217, 219, 241} S-C^{Pap. C 6, 7} +; lâinnî, however Soc^{Arab. Dial.} see Marokko 44, Anm. 103; ᵑ7 אִילָּהֵין Gen 32:28; Gen 43:3 and elsewhere); —

1. after a negative (= Biblical Hebrew כִּי אִם, q. v.):
a. except Dan 2:11; Dan 3:28; Dan 6:6; Dan 6:8.
b. but (German sondern) Dan 2:30.

2. without a negative: however, but Ezra 5:12.

for, that, because, but, when, …

kî

(by implication) very widely used as a relative conjunction or adverb (as below); often largely modified by other particles annexed

that, for, because, when, as though, as, because that, but, then, certainly, except, surely, since

that

yea, indeed

when, if, though (with a concessive force)

חֵ֭מָה

Root word fury, wrath, poison, furious, displeasure, …

Dictionary form: חֵמָה · hay-MAW

Noun — Common, feminine singular, absolute state

In the KJV here: wrath

my fury ×12 wrath ×9 fury ×6 and in my fury ×4 in fury ×4 his fury ×3 in my fury ×3 the wrath ×3

More options

rage — Strong, visceral anger; vivid and immediate in feel.

fury — Modernized KJV staple; intense, explosive outburst of anger.

wrath — Formal register; suits divine or judicial anger contexts.

indignation — Moral outrage; good for righteous or measured anger.

fierce anger — Emphatic phrase; use when intensity needs reinforcing.

venom — Captures the 'poison' sense; use in figurative or literal toxin contexts.

BDB2838 H2534

חֵמָא see חֵמָה below יחם.

BDB2852 H2534 H2529 H2552

חֵמָה wrath, see below יחם; חֵמָה Job 29:6, see חֶמְאָה; חַמָּה, חַמָּן, חַמּוֺן, חַמַּת see below חמם. below

BDB3521 H2534

חֵמָה (once חֵמָא):121 noun feminine heat, rage (for יְחֵמָה ֗֗֗ ; Late Hebrew id.; Aramaic יַחְמָא poison, heat, wrath, poison, Brock^{Lex. 116}, also Nö^{§ 103}; Arabic poison, Lane⁶⁵¹; Assyrian imtu, spittle, breath, poison, Dl^{HWB 78} Muss-Arn^{CD 62}) — absolute חֵמָה Nah 1:2 + 39 t.; חֵמָא Dan 11:44 construct חֲמַת Gen 27:44 + 25 t.; suffix חֲמָתִי Jer 4:4 + 36 t.; חֲמָֽתְךָ Jer 10:25 + 8 t.; חֲמָתֶ֑ךָ Ps 88:8; Ps 89:47 חֲמָתוֺ Isa 51:17 + 8 t.; חֲמָתָם Job 6:4 plural חֵמוֺת Prov 22:24, חֵמֹת Ps 76:11 —

1. heat:
a. fever, חֲמַת מִיַּיִן Hos 7:5 fever from wine, wine-fever (on stative construct see Ges^{«GKC:130»§ 130}, 1).
b. venom, poison (figurative): חֲמַת זֹחֲלֵי עָפָר Deut 32:24 תַּנִּינִים ׳ח vDeut 32:33 נָחָשׁ ׳ח Ps 58:5 compare vPs 58:5 עַכְשׁוּב ׳ח Ps 140:4 poison of arrows (of ׳י) Job 6:4.

2. burning anger, rage:
a. of man: Gen 27:44 (J), 2Sam 11:20; 2Kgs 5:12; Esth 1:12; Esth 2:1; Esth 3:5; Esth 5:9 (against, עַל), Esth 7:7; Esth 7:10; Ps 37:8 (|| אַף), Ps 76:11 (yet on text see Che), Prov 6:34; Prov 15:1; Prov 15:18 (אִישׁ חֵמָה man of rage = raging or wrathful man), Prov 16:4; Prov 19:19 (׳גְּדָלאח Qr = one great in rage, see De Now), Prov 27:4 (|| אַף), Isa 51:13 (twice in verse); Ezek 23:25 אִישׁ חֵמוֺת Prov 22:24 (|| בַּעַל אָ֑ף); בַּעַל חֵמָה Prov 29:22 (|| אִישׁ אַף); חֵמָה עַזָּה strong rage Prov 21:14 (|| אַף); חֲמַת רוּחִי Ezek 3:14 the rage of my spirit.
b. of the he-goat in Daniel's vision, בַּחֲמַת כֹחוֺ Dan 8:6 in the fury of his power.
c. of God (׳י), often Jeremiah, Isa², Ezekiel, Psalms: Jer 4:4 + 16 t. Jeremiah; 2Kgs 22:13; 2Kgs 22:17; Isa 27:4 (Hi Ew Di Du; on other interpretations, and on text see Di), Isa 63:5; Lam 2:4; Ezek 5:13 + 29 t. Ezekiel; Num 25:11 (P), 2Chr 12:7; 2Chr 34:21; 2Chr 34:25; 2Chr 36:16; Ps 59:14; Ps 79:6; Ps 88:8; Ps 89:47; Ps 106:23; Job 21:20 apparently also Job 19:29; Job 36:18 see Di; often || אַף Mic 5:14; Deut 9:19; Deut 29:22; Isa 42:25 (אַפּוֺ as appositive, + עֱזוּז מִלְחָמָה), Isa 63:3; Isa 63:6; Dan 9:16; Ps 6:2; Ps 78:38; Ps 90:7 לְהָשִׁיב בְּחֵמָה אַפּוֺ Ps 66:15 (|| וְגַעֲרַתוֺ בְּלַהֲבֵיאֵֿשׁ), + Jer 23:19; Jer 30:23 of the whirlwind of ׳י; || אַף + קֶצֶף גָּדוֺל Deut 29:27; Jer 21:5; Jer 32:37 || אַף + תֹּכְחוֺת חֵמָה Ezek 5:15, compare תּוֺכְחוֺת חֵמָה alone Ezek 25:17 || חֲרוֺן אַפּוֺ Nah 1:6; Lam 4:11 || קֶצֶף Isa 34:2 (of fury against, על ), Ps 38:2 || גְּעָרָה Isa 51:20 || גְּמוּל Isa 59:18 || קִנְאָה Ezek 36:6, compare חֵמָה גְדוֺלָה קִנֵּאתִי Zech 8:2 (|| קִנְאָה גדולה); דַּם חֵמָה וְקִנְאָה Ezek 16:38 (on text see Co); חֲמַת קֶ֑רִי Lev 26:28 rage of meeting, i.e. encountering them in rage; כּוֺס חֲמָתוֺ(ת־ִיׅ Isa 51:17; Isa 51:22 the cup of his (my) fury; כּוֺס הַיַּיִן הַחֵמָה הַזּאֹת Jer 25:15 בַּעַל חֵמָה a possessor of fury = furious Nah 1:2 (|| נֹקֵם, אֵל קִנּוֺא). [חֵמָה עַל = rage against one: Isa 34:2; 2Chr 28:9. — Vbs. used with חֵמָה are:

2. a.: שׁוּב Gen 27:44, הֵשִׁיב Prov 15:1, עָלָה 2Sam 11:20, בָּעַר Esth 1:12, שָׁכַךְ Esth 2:1; Esth 7:10

2. c.: הֵשִׁיב turn away wrath of ׳י Num 25:11; Ps 106:23; Jer 18:20 (but הָשִׁיכ בְּחֵמָה אַפּוֺ Isa 66:15 to recompense his anger in fury, give it as requital); ׳י ׳ח is kindled against one יצת ב Niph`al 2Kgs 22:13; 2Kgs 22:17 it burns בָּֽעֲרָה Jer 4:4; Jer 21:12; Jer 44:6; Ps 89:47 arises עלה 2Chr 36:16, compare as object of עלה Hiph`il Ezek 24:8 is poured out נִתְּכָה בְ 2Chr 12:7; 2Chr 34:21; 2Chr 34:25; Jer 7:20 נִתְּכָה עַל Jer 42:18 (twice in verse); Jer 44:6 נִתְּכָה כָאֵשׁ Nah 1:6 ׳י pours it out שָׁפַךְ אֶל Ps 79:6 שָׁפַךְ עַל Isa 42:25; Jer 10:25; Ezek 7:8; Ezek 9:8; Ezek 14:19; Ezek 16:38 (according to Co's conjecture), Ezek 20:8; Ezek 20:13; Ezek 20:21; Ezek 22:22; Ezek 30:15; Ezek 36:18 שָׁפַךְ כָּאֵשׁ Lam 2:4 חֵמָה שְׁפוּכָה Ezek 20:33; Ezek 20:34 בְ ׳הֵנִיחַ ח bring to rest (i.e. satisfy) one's fury upon Ezek 5:13; Ezek 16:42; Ezek 24:13 ׳כִּלָּה ח Lam 4:11 + בְּ Ezek 5:13 I have accomplished my fury upon them (in their case), Ezek 6:12; Ezek 13:15.]

יַחְמוּר see below IV. חמר

יַחְמַי see below חמה

BDB9578 H2534 H3179

יחם (√ of following; see Biblical Hebrew יָחַם, whence חֵמָה).

fury, wrath, poison, furious, displeasure, …

ḥēmâ

heat; figuratively, anger, poison (from its fever)

heat, rage, hot displeasure, indignation, anger, wrath, poison, bottles

heat

fever

עֲוֺנוֹת

Root word iniquity, iniquities, punishment, fault, punishments, …

Dictionary form: עָוֺן · aw-WONE

Noun — Common, both plural, construct state plural — usually add "-s"; "___ of …" — bound to the next word

In the KJV here: bringeth the punishments

the iniquity ×31 their iniquity ×24 iniquity ×17 his iniquity ×7 in his iniquity ×7 your iniquities ×7 mine iniquity ×5 for the iniquity ×4

More options

guilt — Broad default; covers moral culpability and its weight.

wrongdoing — Plain, modern; good for narrative or legal contexts.

sin — More theological register; emphasizes offense against God.

wickedness — Stresses moral depravity; suits prophetic condemnation.

punishment — Use when context focuses on consequence, not the act.

offense — Neutral, modern; useful in legal or relational contexts.

BDB5869 H5771

עָוֺן noun masculine^{Isa 22:14} iniquity, guilt, or punishment of iniquity; — ׳ע absolute Exod 21:43 +; עָווֺן 2Kgs 7:9; Ps 51:7 construct עֲוֺן Gen 15:16 +; עֲווֺן 1Chr 21:8 suffix עֲוֺנִי Gen 4:13 + (2Sam 16:12 read בְּעָנְיִי), עֲוֺנְךָ Hos 9:7 +; עֲוֺנֵ֑כִי Ps 103:3 עֲוֺ֔נָהֿ Num 15:31 (Ges^{«GKC:91e»§ 91e}), etc.; plural עֲוֺנוֺת absolute Ps 130:3 +, construct Job 13:26 +; עַוֺנֹת absolute Ps 65:4, construct Lev 16:21 +; suffix עֲוֺנֹתֶיךָ Isa 43:24, עֲוֺנֹתֵיכֶם Num 14:34 +, etc.; also עֲוֺנֶיךָ Ezek 28:18 עֲוֺנֵינוּ Isa 64:6 +, etc. (SS doubt all these); —

1. iniquity, Job 15:5; Job 20:27; Jer 11:10; Jer 14:7; Jer 16:17; Lam 2:14; Ezek 7:13 || חטאת 1Sam 20:1; Job 13:23; Isa 5:18; Isa 43:24; Isa 59:2; Jer 5:25; Jer 16:10; Lam 4:6; Lam 4:13; Dan 9:16; Hos 4:8; Hos 13:12 || פשׁע Job 14:17; Job 31:33; Ps 107:17; Isa 50:1; Isa 53:5 || אשׁמה Ezra 9:6; Ezra 9:7; Ezra 9:13 רעה Job 22:5; Hos 7:1
a. נְעוּרַי ׳ע Job 13:26 iniquities of my youth; חֶרֶב ׳ע Job 19:29 iniquities calling for the sword; פְּלִילִי(םׅ ׳ע Job 31:11; Job 31:28 iniquity for (to be punished by) judges; שְׁתֵּי עֲוֺנֹתָם Hos 10:10 (so read Vrss Hi and others); ׳כשׁל בע stumble by iniquity Hos 5:5; Hos 14:2 compare ׳מִכְשׁוֺל ע Ezek 7:19; Ezek 14:3; Ezek 14:4; Ezek 14:7; Ezek 18:30; Ezek 44:12 לכלעֿון Deut 19:15 ׳אשׁתמרה מע 2Sam 22:24 = Ps 18:24. עָוֺן אֲשֶׁרחֵֿטְא Hos 12:9.
b. iniquity as recognized, ׳ידע ע 1Sam 3:13; Isa 59:12; Jer 3:13; Jer 14:20 confessed, ׳התודה ע Lev 16:21; Lev 26:40 (twice in verse) (P), Neh 9:2 ׳הגיד ע Ps 38:19 ׳לא כסה ע Ps 32:5 brought to remembrance, ׳הזכיר ע Num 5:15 (P) 1Kgs 17:18; Ezek 21:28; Ezek 21:29; Ezek 29:16 causing shame, ׳יִכָּֽלְמוּ מע Ezek 43:10 turned from, ׳שׁוּב מע Dan 9:13, compare ׳השׁיב מע Mal 2:6.
c. (1) phrases of punishment: על ׳פקד ע Exod 20:5 = Deut 5:9; Exod 34:7; Num 14:18 (J), Lev 18:25 (H) 2Sam 3:8; Isa 13:11; Isa 26:21; Jer 25:12; Jer 36:31; Amos 3:2 without על, Lam 4:22, ב ׳פקד ע Ps 89:33; Job 11:6 see [II. נשׁא]; ׳יסּר על ע Ps 39:12 chastise for iniquity; לנגדךָ׳שַׁתָּ֯ ע Ps 90:8 set our iniquities before thee; ׳גמל כע Ps 103:10 ׳שׁמר ע Ps 130:3 ׳שׁלּם ע Isa 65:7 (twice in verse); Jer 16:18; Jer 32:18 ׳מַטְבֵּחַ בע Isa 14:21 (2) of forgiveness or removal: העביר ע 2Sam 24:10 = 1Chr 21:8; Job 7:21; Zech 3:4 ׳משׁתי ע Zech 3:9 ׳סלח לע Exod 34:9; Num 14:19 (J), Ps 25:11; Ps 103:3; Jer 31:34; Jer 33:8; Jer 36:3 ׳נשׂא ע Exod 34:7; Num 14:18 (J), Ps 32:5; Ps 85:3; Isa 33:24; Hos 14:3; Mic 7:18 ׳סר ע Isa 6:7 ׳יכבושׁ ע Mic 7:19 (3) of covering over, ׳כסה על ע Neh 3:37 ׳כפּר ע Ps 78:38; Prov 16:6; Isa 22:14; Isa 27:9; Dan 9:24 ׳כפּר על ע Jer 18:23 ׳יתכפּר ע 1Sam 3:14 (4) of cleansing from: ׳כבּס מע Ps 51:4 ׳מחה ע vPs 51:11 ׳טהר מע Jer 33:8; Ezek 36:33 (5) of imputing, reckoning to one: ל ׳חשׁב ע 2Sam 19:20; Ps 32:2 (לׅ ׳זכר ע Ps 79:8; Isa 64:8; Jer 14:10; Hos 8:13; Hos 9:9 ׳יִזָּכֵר ע Ps 109:14 ׳בקשׁ (ל)ע Job 10:6; Jer 50:20 (6) ׳פדה מע Ps 130:8 ransom from iniquity.

2. Guilt of iniquity (not always easy to distinguished from

1.; SS give more, Buhl fewer, sub 2); — || תועבות Ezek 36:31 || דם Isa 59:3 || חמס Ezek 9:9 פעור ׳ע Josh 22:17 (P); סדם ׳ע Ezek 16:49 בצעוֺ ׳ע Isa 57:17 שְׁנֵי עונם Ezek 4:4 נִכְתָּם עֲוֺנֵךְ לְפָנַי Jer 2:22 the guilt of thine iniquity is marked before me; ׳מצא ע Gen 44:16 (E) Ps 36:3.
a. בְ ׳ע: guilt of iniquity upon one Num 15:31 (P) 1Sam 20:8; 2Sam 14:32 לִי ׳לא ע Job 33:9 (|| זַךְ); בליעֿון Ps 59:5 without my guilt.
b. guilt, as great, increased: רֹב עָוֺן Jer 13:22; Jer 30:14; Jer 30:15; Ezek 28:18; Hos 9:7 ׳לֹאשָֿׁלֵם ע Gen 15:16 (J); עָֽבְרוּ ראֹשִׁי ׳ע Ps 38:5 עֲקֵבַי יְסוּבֵּנִי ׳ע Ps 49:6 הִשִּׂיגוּנִי ׳ע Ps 40:13 גברו מני ׳ע Ps 65:4 ׳עַם כֶּבֶד ע Isa 1:4 נלקח ׳בע Ezek 33:6.
c. as a condition, ׳בע: with חוללתי was I brought forth Ps 51:7 with גָּוַע expire Josh 22:20 (P); with מות die Jer 31:30; Ezek 3:18; Ezek 3:19; Ezek 18:17; Ezek 18:18; Ezek 33:8; Ezek 33:9.

3. Consequence of, or punishment for, iniquity (SS include most of these under 2, and do not recognize 3; Buhl thinks this meaning rare, giving only Gen 4:13; Isa 5:18); — ׳אִם יִקְּ֯רֵךְ ע בדבר הזה 1Sam 28:10 no punishment shall happen unto thee for, etc.; ׳נשׂא ע bear the punishment for iniquity of others Exod 28:38; Lev 10:17 (take away ׳ע Di Now^{ii. 233 n}.) Lev 16:22; Num 30:16 (P), Ezek 4:4; Ezek 4:5; Ezek 4:6 ׳בע Ezek 18:19; Ezek 18:20 (twice in verse); one's own, Exod 28:43; Lev 5:1; Lev 5:17; Lev 7:18; Lev 17:16; Lev 19:8; Lev 20:17; Lev 20:19; Lev 22:16; Num 5:31; Num 14:34; Num 18:1 (twice in verse); Num 18:23 (P), Ezek 14:10; Ezek 44:10; Ezek 44:12 מנשׂוא׳גדול ע Gen 4:13 (J) my punishment is greater than I can bear; נִרְצָה עֲוֺנָהּ Isa 40:2 her punishment is accepted, compare ׳רצה ע Lev 26:41; Lev 26:43 (H); ׳ומצאנוּ ע 2Kgs 7:9 punishment will overtake us; ׳על ע ׳תנה ע Ps 69:28 add punishment to their punishment; הוא יסבל ׳ע Isa 53:11 the consequences of their iniquities he shall bear, compare סָבָ֑לְנוּ ׳ע Lam 5:7 ׳הפגיע בו ע Isa 53:6 ׳נִקָּה מע freed from punishment Num 5:31 (P) Job 10:14 בי אני העון 1Sam 25:24 on me the punishment; ׳עלי הע 2Sam 14:9 ׳בע with various verbs: Gen 19:15 (J) Lev 26:39 (twice in verse) (H) Ps 31:11; Ps 106:43; Jer 51:6; Ezek 4:17; Ezek 7:16; Ezek 24:23; Ezek 39:23 קץ ׳עת ע Ezek 21:30; Ezek 21:34; Ezek 35:5 see also: Prov 5:22 (|| חַבְלֵי חטאת), Isa 30:13; Isa 64:5; Isa 64:6; Lam 4:22; Ezek 4:4; Ezek 14:10 (twice in verse); Ezek 32:27.

BDB5892 H5772 H5771 H5869

[עוֺנָה] Qr, [ עֵינָה] Kt noun feminine only suffix Hos 10:10: Qr plural עוֺנֹתָם Baer, singular עוֺנָתָם Ginsb; > עֵינֹתָם Kt; but read עֲוֺנֹתָם, see עָוֺן 1 a..

BDB6196 H5772 H5771

[עֹנָה] noun feminine cohabitation (Late Hebrew עוֺנָה time, also = Biblical Hebrew; possibly response or correspondence, commerce, from above √; or else euphemistic, specific time, SS (compare Ba^{ES 17}, from √ ); Thes from עון dwell); — suffix עֹנָתָהּ Exod 21:10 (E) i.e. her marriage rights. — Hos 10:10 see עָוֺן

BDB9755 H5753 H5758 H5771

[עֲוָיָה] noun feminine iniquity (Biblical Hebrew II. עוה, עָוֺן; compare ᵑ7 עֲוָיָא); — plural suffix עֲוָיָתָךְ (K^{§ 56 a})β)2) Dan 4:24.

iniquity, iniquities, punishment, fault, punishments, …

ʿāwōn

perversity, i.e., (moral) evil

perversity, depravity, iniquity, guilt or punishment of iniquity

iniquity

חָ֑רֶב

Root word sword, swords, dagger, knives, knife, …

Dictionary form: חֶרֶב · heh-REB

Noun — Common, feminine singular, absolute state

In the KJV here: of the sword

by the sword ×59 the sword ×55 of the sword ×46 with the sword ×37 sword ×30 a sword ×25 his sword ×12 and the sword ×10

More options

sword — Standard rendering; best for military and judicial contexts.

blade — Vivid, poetic alternative emphasizing the cutting edge.

dagger — Prefer when a shorter, personal weapon is implied.

knife — Use for domestic or ritual cutting tools, not battle.

weapon — Broad; good when the specific implement is secondary.

slaughter — Metonymic; fits idioms like 'fall to the sword'.

BDB3095 H2719

חֶ֫רֶב₄₁₁ noun feminine^{Isa 21:15} sword (as weapon; Aramaic חַרְבָּא, , Zinjirli חרב; Arabic dart, javelin) — absolute חֶ֫רֶב Gen 3:24 +; חָ֑רֶב Exod 17:13 +; construct חֶ֫רֶב Deut 33:29 +; suffix חַרְבִּי Exod 15:9 + 13 t.; חַרְבְּךָ Gen 27:40 + 7 t.; חֵרְבֶּ֑ךָ 1Sam 17:33; Ps 17:13 חַרְבּוֺ Num 22:23 + 24 t.; חַרְבְּכֶם Jer 2:30; Ezek 33:26 חַרְבָּם Ps 37:15; Ps 44:4 plural חֲרָבוֺת Isa 21:15 + 5 t.; construct חַרְבוֺת Josh 5:2 + 2 t.; suffix חַרְבוֺתָיו Ezek 26:9 חַרְבוֺתָם Isa 2:4 + 5 t.; חַרְבֹתֵיהֶם Mic 4:3 + 2 t.; —

1. a. sword, as weapon of war Gen 48:22 (E), Judg 7:14; Judg 7:20; 1Sam 21:9, and so in all periods; two-edged (short) sword וְלָהּ שְׁנֵי פֵיוֺ֖ת גֹּמֶד אָרְכָּהּ ׳ח Judg 3:16, compare פִּיּוֺת ׳ח Prov 5:4 (in simile), פִּיפִיּוֺת ׳ח Ps 149:6 see also ׳צוּר ח edge of sword Ps 89:44.
b. gird on sword = ׳חָגַר הח 1Sam 17:39; 1Sam 25:13 (3 t. in verse); Ps 45:4 (׳הח ׳ח עַל יָרֵך), שִׂים על ירך Exod 32:27, compare especially 2Sam 20:8.
c. draw the sword ׳הֵרִיק הח Exod 15:9; Lev 26:33; Ezek 5:2; Ezek 5:12; Ezek 12:14; Ezek 28:7, ׳הוציא הח Ezek 21:8; Ezek 21:10, ׳פתח הח Ps 37:14; Ezek 21:33, נטשׁ Isa 21:15 (Gr Che לטשׁ see below); usually ׳שׁלף הח Num 22:23; Num 22:31; Josh 5:13; Judg 3:22; Judg 8:10; Judg 8:20; Judg 9:54; 1Sam 17:51; 1Sam 31:4 = 1Chr 10:4; 1Chr 21:16, and as characteristic of warriors ׳שֹׁלֵף ח Judg 20:2; Judg 20:15; Judg 20:17; Judg 20:25; Judg 20:35; Judg 20:46; 2Sam 24:9; 2Kgs 3:26; 1Chr 21:5 (twice in verse); ׳וַתִּדְבַּק יָדוֺ אֶלהַֿח 2Sam 23:10, insert also in || 1Chr 11:13 (Dr).
d. whet, sharpen the sword ׳לטשׁ הח Ps 7:13 (compare Isa 21:15 above), but also שׁנן Deut 32:41 compare Ps 64:4, הוּחַדָּה Ezek 21:14; Ezek 21:16.
e. put up the sword into the sheath אֶלנְֿדָנָהּ ׳הֵשִׁיב הח 1Chr 21:27 (sheath of sword is elsewhere תַּעַר 1Sam 7:51; 2Sam 20:8; Jer 47:6; Ezek 21:8). feminine slay with sword הרג ׳בח Josh 10:11; Josh 13:22 +; in ימותו אנשׁים 1Sam 2:33, insert בְּחֶרֶב before אנשׁים ᵐ5 We Dr; rarely ׳הכה בח Josh 11:10; 2Kgs 19:37 = Isa 37:38 very often ׳הִכָּה לְפִיחֿ smite according to the mouth of the sword i.e. as the sword can devour (2Sam 2:26; 2Sam 11:25) = without quarter Num 21:24 (E) Deut 13:16 a Deut 20:13; Josh 11:11; Josh 11:12; Josh 11:14 (all D) Judg 18:27; Judg 21:10; 1Kgs 10:25; Job 1:15; Job 1:17 also with העיר as sole object Josh 8:24; Josh 10:28; Josh 10:30; Josh 10:32; Josh 10:35; Josh 10:37, compare vJosh 10:39; Josh 19:47; Judg 1:8; Judg 1:25; Judg 20:37; 1Sam 22:19 (twice in verse); 2Sam 15:14 ׳הרג לפיחֿ Gen 34:26 (J); ׳החרים לפיחֿ Deut 13:16b (including הָעִיר in object), Josh 6:21; 1Sam 15:8, ׳חלשׁ לפיחֿ Exod 17:13 (E); ׳נפל לפיחֿ Josh 8:24; Judg 4:16 ׳ל֗֗֗פיחֿ׳וַיָּהָם י Judg 4:15 — (׳לפיחֿ is chiefly in Joshua and Judges (21 t.), in Hexateuch only J E D; but Job post-exilic).
g. ׳אכלה הח etc., of the sword as devouring: — תּאֹכֵל חַרְבִּי בָשָׂר Deut 32:42 (poetry), 2Sam 2:26; 2Sam 11:25; 2Sam 18:8; Isa 1:10; Jer 2:30; Jer 46:10; Jer 46:14; Nah 2:14.
h. slain by sword is ׳חֲלַלחִֿ Num 19:16 (P) and frequently Ezekiel, ׳חַלְלֵיחֿ Ezek 31:17; Ezek 31:18; Ezek 32:21; Ezek 32:25; Ezek 32:28; Ezek 32:29; Ezek 32:30; Ezek 32:32; Ezek 35:8 ׳מְחֻלְלֵי ח vEzek 35:26 < Co ׳חלליחֿ (on text of Ezek 32:20; Ezek 32:22; Ezek 32:31 see Co).
i. ׳שְׁבֻיוֺת ח Gen 31:26 are captives of (taken by) sword.
j. sword frequently agent of ׳י Judg 7:20; Isa 34:6; Jer 12:12; Jer 47:6 etc., — so Deut 28:22, but read חֹרֶב see below I. חרב (compare on other hand 1Sam 17:47); note especially Gen 3:24 ׳לַהַט הח הַמִּתְהַפֶּכֶת; in poetry ׳לַהַכ ח Nah 3:3, ׳בְּרַק ח Deut 32:41.
k. ׳ח figurative of tongue Ps 57:5 compare Ps 59:8 figurative of violence war, etc., Gen 27:40 in simile Prov 5:4 (of grievous end of dealings with strange women).

2. knife צֻרִים ׳ח flint knives for use in circumcision Josh 5:2; Josh 5:3 (see We^{Skizzen iii, 166}); Ezek 5:1; Ezek 5:2 חַדָּה תַּעַר ׳ח הַגַּלָּבִים (according to Co use of sword as razor is significant).

3. of tools used in hewing stone חַרְבְּךָ הֵנַפְתָּ עליה Exod 20:25 ׳יִתֹּץ בח Ezek 26:9, according to most = tools, axes, 'steel' (Co ' Eisen '), but possibly swords as implement ready to hand; 2Chr 34:6 Qr בְּחַרְבֹתֵיהֶם with their tools; read perhaps בְּחָרְבֹתֵיהֶם in their ruins, Be, who compare Ps 109:10 see חָרְבָּה below II. חרב (ᵐ5 ᵑ9 omit חרב).

sword, swords, dagger, knives, knife, …

ḥereb

drought; also a cutting instrument (from its destructive effect), as a knife, sword, or other sharp implement

sword, knife

sword

לְמַ֖עַן

Preposition that, sake, to, of, for, …

Dictionary form: מַעַן · ma-AN

Preposition

In the KJV here: that

that ×143 sake ×36 to ×15 because of ×9 and that ×7 for ×4 to the end ×4 to the end that ×4

More options

so that — Most common purpose/result clause; broadly applicable.

in order that — Slightly more formal; emphasizes deliberate intent.

for the sake of — Use when expressing motivation on behalf of someone.

because of — Causal sense; preferred when reason, not purpose, is in view.

to the end that — Modernized KJV; retains formal tone for solemn contexts.

on account of — Slightly more formal causal alternative to 'because of'.

BDB6204 H4616 H834 H4617

[מַ֫עַן] substantive purpose, intent, only with לְ, in לְמַ֫עַן₂₇₁ preposition and conjunction for the sake of, on account of, to the intent or in order that (abbreviated from מַעֲנֶה: compare מַ֫עַל; Kö^{ii. 116}); — with suffix לְמַעֲנִי, לְמַעַנְךָ, and לְמַעַנְכֶם; —

1. preposition: —
a. Gen 18:24 wilt thou ... not spare the place למען חמשׁים הציקים for the sake of the 50 righteous? Deut 30:6 חַיֶּיךָ ׳ל for thy life's sake, 1Kgs 8:41 the foreigner who comer from afar שְׁמֶ֑ךָ ׳ל, Isa 43:14 לְמַעַנְכֶם שִׁלַּחְתִּי בָבֶ֫לָה, Isa 45:4; Isa 62:1 ציון ׳ל, Isa 63:17 עבדיך ׳ל, Isa 65:8; Ezek 36:22 (twice in verse); Job 18:4; Ps 122:8; Ps 122:9 (׳עַבְדִּי ד) לְמַעַן דָּוִד, i.e. for the sake of David's memory, and the promises given to him, 1Kgs 11:12; 1Kgs 11:13; 1Kgs 11:32; 1Kgs 11:34; 1Kgs 15:4; 2Kgs 8:19; 2Kgs 19:34 (= Isa 37:35), Isa 20:6 (all D²); לְמַעֲנִי (of ׳י) for my own sake, i.e. to vindicate my name, 2Kgs 19:34 (= Isa 37:35), 2Kgs 20:6; Isa 43:25; Isa 48:11 לְמַעֲנִי לְמַעֲנִי אֶעֲשֶׁה, so לְמַעַנְךָ Dan 9:19, אֲדֹנָי ׳ל vDan 9:17 ׳י is said (or entreated) to act (שִׁמְךָ, שְׁמִי) לְמַעַן שְׁמוֺ i.e. to maintain his reputation, or character, Ps 23:3; Ps 25:11; Ps 31:4; Ps 79:9; Ps 106:8; Ps 143:11; Jer 14:7; Jer 14:21; Ezek 20:9; Ezek 20:14; Ezek 20:22; Ezek 20:44; Isa 48:9 simile חַסְדְּךָ ׳ל (i.e. to maintain it consistently) Ps 6:5; Ps 44:27, טוּבְךָ ׳ל Ps 25:7, צִדְקוֺ ׳ל Isa 42:21.

b. In view of, on account of (but not expressing causation distinctly, like מִן 2 f, or מִפְּנֵי), Deut 3:26 בי לְמַעַנְכֶם ׳ויתעבר י on your account, 1Kgs 11:39 זֹאת ׳ל in view of this, שׁוֺרֲרַי ׳ל on account of my watchful foes, Ps 5:9; Ps 27:11, צורריך ׳ל Ps 8:3, simil. Ps 69:19; Ps 48:12 (Ps 97:8) משׁפטיך ׳ישמח הר ציון ֗֗֗ ל in view of thy judgments.

c. Sq. infinitive Gen 18:19 ׳לְמַעַן הָבִיא י for the purpose of J.'s bringing = to the intent that J. might bring, Gen 37:22 הַצִּיל ׳ל in order to rescue, Gen 50:20; Exod 1:11; Exod 9:16; Exod 10:1, etc., Deut 2:30; Deut 6:28, etc., 2Kgs 10:19; Jer 7:10; Jer 7:18; Jer 11:5; Jer 50:34 (on הִרגיע, see עַד 2 a b), Ezek 14:5; Ezek 21:5; Ezek 22:6 etc., Ezek 36:5, + often (Kö^{iii.595 f.}). Once, pleonastic, לְמַעַן לָמוּג לֵב Ezek 21:20 (compare כַּעֲבוּר לְ 1Chr 19:3 but read probably הִמּוֺג).

2. conjunction (followed by imperfect): —
a. לְמַעַן אֲשֶׁר Gen 18:19 I have known him אשׁר יְצַוֶּה ׳ל to the end that he might command, etc., Deut 27:3; Josh 3:4; 2Sam 13:5; Jer 42:6 more often
b. without אשׁר, as Gen 12:13 לְמַעַן יִיטַב לִי, Gen 27:25; Exod 4:5 יאמינו ׳ל, Exod 8:6; Exod 8:18; Exod 9:29; Exod 10:2; Isa 5:19; Isa 23:16; Ps 9:15; Ps 30:13; Ps 48:14 + often (Kö^iii.571).

c. Sq. לֹא (a) אשׁר לֹא ׳ל Num 17:5; Deut 20:18; Ezek 31:14; Ezek 36:30; Ezek 46:18 (b) לֹא ׳ל Ezek 14:11; Ezek 19:9; Ezek 25:10; Ezek 26:20; Zech 12:7; Ps 119:11; Ps 119:80; Ps 125:3 (Kö^{iii.574. Less common than} לְבִלְתִּי or מִן with infinitive, or פֶּןֿ).

Note

1. — לְמַעַן is always in order that, never merely so that ἐκβατικῶς); but sometimes, in rhetorical passages, the issue of a line of action, though really undesigned, is represented by it ironically as if it were designed: Deut 29:18 (see Dr) ׳סְפוֺת וגו ׳וְהִתְבָּרֵךְ כִּלְבָבוֺ ֗֗֗ ל and he congratulate himself ... in order to sweep away the moistened with the dry (i.e. to destroy all together), Isa 30:1; Isa 44:9 יֵבוֺשׁוּ ׳בל יראו ובל ידעו ל in orer that they may be put to shame, Jer 7:18 הַכְעִיסֵנִי ׳ל, vJer 7:19 בּשֶׁת פְנֵיהֶם ׳ל, Jer 27:10; Jer 27:15; Jer 32:29; Hos 8:4 their silver, etc., they have made into idols יִכָרֵת ׳ל in order that it may be cut off (of course, not the real purpose of the idolatry), Amos 2:7; Mic 6:16: compare Ps 51:6 (see Comn.) in order that thou mightest be just when thou judgest (that is, by manifesting thy justice in judgement on my sin). compare Qor 28:7 (Fl^{Kl. Schr. i. 397 f.}).

Note 2. — In Josh 4:24 for the anomalous יְרָאתֶם ׳ל, read infinitive יִרְאָתָם ׳ל in order that they might fear (Dr^{§ 14 Obs}.): Neh 6:13 לְמַעַן שָׂכוּר הוּא לְמַעַן אִירָא (si vera 1.) the first ׳ל points forwards, to this intent was he hired, to the intent that I should be afraid. — On Prov 16:4, see מַעֵנֶה above

that, sake, to, of, for, …

maʿan

properly, heed, i.e., purpose; used only adverbially, on account of (as a motive or an aim), teleologically, in order that

purpose, intent

(prep) for the sake of

תֵּדְע֣וּ ן

תֵּדְע֣וּ

Root word know, known, knew, knowest, knoweth, …

ן

Suffix emphatic ending — no change in meaning

Dictionary form: יָדַע · yaw-DA

Verb — Qal, Imperfect (Yiqtol), second person masculine plural simple action — "he did" not-yet-complete action — try "he will ___" or "he ___s" the built-in subject is "you (a group)"

In the KJV here: ye may know

know ×83 i know ×46 knoweth ×40 knowest ×36 knew ×34 known ×28 and ye shall know ×26 and they shall know ×21

More options

know — Direct, neutral default; suits most contexts.

understand — Emphasizes comprehension or insight gained.

recognize — Good for identifying or acknowledging something/someone.

perceive — Highlights experiential or sensory knowing.

be aware of — Stresses conscious knowledge; useful in warnings.

acknowledge — Best when relational or confessional nuance is present.

BDB3454 H3045

יָדַע₉₄₃ verb know (Late Hebrew id., Aramaic יְדַע ; Phoenician ידע; Ethiopic II. I. indicate, announce, narrate; Assyrian idû, know, COT^Gloss; Sabean ידע, especially in compound proper name DHM^{ZMG 1875, 612}) —

Qal Perfect יָדַע Gen 4:1 +; יָדָ֑ע Lev 5:1 +; suffix יְדָעוֺ Deut 34:10; Job 28:7 יְדָעָהּ Gen 24:16; 1Kgs 1:4 יְדָעָ֫נוּ Isa 63:16 3 feminine singular יָָֽדְעָה Judg 11:39 + 4 t.; 2 masculine singular יָדַעְתָּ Gen 30:26 +; יָדַ֫עְתָּה 2Sam 2:26 יָדַ֫עַתְּ Ruth 2:11; 1Kgs 2:15 יָדָ֑עַתְּ Jer 50:24 וְיָדַ֫עַתְּ consecutive Ruth 3:4 + 6 t. (including Ezek 22:16, Co וִידַעְתֶּם, so ᵐ5 ᵑ7) + Ezek 28:22 Co (for וְיָדְעוּ), so ᵐ5; יָדַ֫עְתִּי Gen 4:9 +; suffix יְדַעְתִּ֫יךָ Exod 33:12 + 2 t.; יְדַעְתִּיו Gen 18:19 יְדַעְתִּים Prov 30:18 יְדַעְתִּין Isa 48:7 יָָֽדְעוּ Gen 19:8 +; יָדָ֑עוּ 2Kgs 4:39 +; יָָֽדְעוּן Deut 8:3; Deut 8:16 (Dr^{§ 6 n}.); 2 masculine plural יְדַעְתֶּם Gen 44:15 +; 2 feminine plural יְדַעְתֶּן Gen 31:6 וִידַעְתֶּן consecutive Ezek 13:21; Ezek 13:23, etc.; Imperfect יֵדַע Isa 7:16 +; יֵדָ֑ע Josh 22:22 + 5 t.; וְיֵדָ֑ע Ps 138:6 (read probably יֵידָ֑ע see Ges^{«GKC:69»§ 69}, 2 R, 3); וַיֵּ֫דַע Gen 4:17 +; suffix יֵדָעֶנּוּ Jer 17:9 וְיֵדָעֵם Hos 14:10 Imperative דַּע Gen 20:7 + 10 t.; דְּעֶה Prov 24:14 דָּ֑ע Eccl 11:19 suffix דָּעֵ֫הוּ Prov 3:6 דְּעִי Jer 2:19 + 4 t.; דְּעוּ Num 32:23 + 15 t.; Infinitive construct דֵּעָה Exod 2:4 דַּ֫עַת Gen 3:22 +; דַּעְתִּי Deut 9:24, etc.; Infinitive absolute יָדוֺעַ Gen 43:7; Josh 23:13 יַדֹעַ Gen 15:3 + 11 t.; Participle active יֹדֵעַ Gen 3:5 +; feminine יֹדַ֫עַת Num 31:17 + 2 t.; יֹדְעִים 2Kgs 17:26 +; passive וִידוּעַ construct Isa 53:3 plural וִידֻעִים Deut 1:13; Deut 1:15 —

1. a. know, learn to know, good and evil Gen 3:22 (J), followed by אֶתאֲֿשֶׁר 1Sam 28:9 מִסְפַּר הָעָם 2Sam 24:2 anything מְאוּמָה 1Sam 20:39 לֹא יָדַע אִתּוֺ מְאוּמָה Gen 36:6 (see II. אֵךְ

1. b), so vGen 36:8 כָּלדָּֿבָר 2Sam 15:11, subject God, knowing fowls Ps 50:11 way to wisdom Job 28:23 etc.; of bird of prey נָתִיב לֹא יְדָעוֺ עָ֑יִט Job 28:7 the price of wisdom Job 28:13 something future יום מוֺתִי Gen 27:2 (J); especially followed by clause Gen 12:11 (J) I Know that thou art a woman of fair appearance, Gen 22:12 (E), Eccl 1:17 לֹא ידעתי Gen 28:16 answering question Where ? without other object, Gen 4:9 (both J); followed by accusative + בְּ, in, in the matter of (see בְּ 1 2 b) לֹא יָדַע עַבְדְּךָ בְּכָלֿ זֹאת דָּבָר קָטֹן אוֺ גדוֺל 1Sam 22:15 thy servant knoweth not of all this anything, little or much; followed by בְּ (rare), gain knowledge of, learn of or about, with infinitive הֲתֵדַע בְּשׂוּםאֱֿלוֺהַּ עֲלֵיהֶם Job 37:15 dost thou know about God's enjoining upon them? also with substantive אִישׁ אַליֵֿדַע בַּדְּבָרִים הָאֵלֶּה Jer 38:24 let not a man know of these words; similarly followed by עַל, only הֲתֵדַע עַלמִֿפְלְשֵׂיעָֿ֑ב Job 37:16 dost thou know concerning the balancings of clouds? (in Job 12:9 בְּ is instrumental, as Gen 15:8; Ps 41:12); followed by מִן, הַמַּחֲבֹאִים רְאוּ וּדְעוּ מִכָּלֿ 1Sam 23:23 observe and get knowledge of all the hiding-places; but followed by object clause + מִן of source, קֶדֶם יָדַעְתִּי מֵעֵדֹתֶ֑יךָ כִּי Ps 119:152 long ago I gained knowledge out of thy testimonies that etc.; followed by לְ, have knowledge of, יָדַעְתָּ לְאִוַּלְתִּי Ps 69:6 thou knowest my foolishness; especially יהוה וידע כי אני and he shall (thou shalt, etc.) know that I am Yahweh Exod 10:2 (R), Exod 6:7; Exod 14:4; Exod 16:12; Exod 29:46 (all P), Ezek 6:7; Ezek 6:10; Ezek 6:13 + often in Ezekiel; 1Kgs 20:13; 1Kgs 20:28 followed by accusative, which is really subject of following clause, Gen 18:19 (J) I know him that he will, etc. 2Sam 3:25 (Ges^{«GKC:117»§ 117}. 1, R. 6).
b. perceive Gen 19:33; Gen 19:35 (J; object clause infinitive with בְּ); with added idea of observing, taking note of, a place, accusative Ruth 3:4 with בְּ, יָדַעְתָּ בְּצָרוֺת נַפְשִׁי Ps 31:8 (|| רָאָה אֶתֿ).
c. || ראה, imperative דע וראה perceive and see 1Sam 12:17; 1Sam 24:12 find out and discern 1Sam 14:38; 1Sam 23:22 in reverse order, ראו ודעו only 1Sam 23:23 (see a above), Jer 5:1 (see Dr^Sm). — Seealso g below
d. discriminate, distinguish הַאֵדַע בֵּיןטֿוֺב לְרָ֑ע 2Sam 19:36, compare Deut 1:29 (no בֵּין); לֹא יָדְעוּ בֵיןיְֿמִינוֺ לִשְׂמאֹלוֺ Jonah 4:11 they cannot distinguish between their right hand and their left.
e. know by experience, וִידַעְתֶּם בְּכָלֿ לְבַבְכֶם וּבְכָלנַֿפְשְׁכֶם כִּי Josh 23:14 (D) and know in all your hearts, and all your souls, that, etc.; learn to know ׳י Hos 13:14 learn (a bitter lesson) Hos 9:7; Isa 9:8; Ps 14:4 experience ׳י's vengeance Ezek 25:14; Ps 14:4 (absolute); quietness Job 20:20. feminine recognise, admit, acknowledge, confess Jer 3:13; Jer 14:20; Isa 59:12; Ps 51:5.
g. consider דְּעוּ מַהתַּֿעֲשׂוּ Judg 18:14 || ראה, imperative דע וראה, דעו וראו, 2Sam 24:13; 1Kgs 20:7; 1Kgs 20:22 also וְיָדַעְתָּ עִםלִֿבָבֶ֑ךָ כִּי Deut 8:5 and thou shalt consider with (in) thy heart, that, Deut 4:39.
h. לֹא ידע not know = not except Isa 47:11; Ps 35:8.

2. know a person, be acquainted with Gen 29:5 (J), Exod 1:8 (E), Job 42:11, know ׳י Job 24:1 c לֹא, object especially other gods, strange land, etc. = have no knowledge of, or acquaintance with, have not heard of, especially Deuteronomy, Jeremiah: — Deut 11:28; Deut 13:3; Deut 13:7; Deut 13:14; Deut 28:64; Deut 29:25; Deut 32:17 (poem), Jer 7:9; Jer 9:15; Jer 14:18; Jer 16:13; Jer 17:4; Jer 19:4; Jer 22:28; Jer 44:3 participle active acquaintance Job 19:13 passive participle acquainted with אִישׁ מַכְאֹבוֺת וִידוּעַ חֹ֑לִי Isa 53:3 (literally known of sickness, see Thes Ew Che Di Du); well-known (with implied trustworthiness) Deut 1:13; Deut 1:15 ; of beasts knowing owner and master's crib Isa 1:3 (compare Jer 8:7); especially of knowing God ׅ׳לֹא יָדַעְתִּי (י ׳אֶתיֿ Exod 5:2 (J); involving intelligent worship, obedience, etc. Judg 2:10; 1Sam 2:12 (read יֵדַע for ᵑ0 יָדַע Dr), 1Sam 3:7; Hos 2:22; Hos 8:2; Hos 5:4; Ps 79:6 (see also דַּעַת 2 b); of God's Knowing persons etc., throughly Hos 5:3; Job 11:11 knowing the heart 1Kgs 8:39; 2Chr 6:30; Ps 139:4 knowing his true servants, recognising and acknowledgingthem 2Sam 7:20; Nah 1:7; 1Chr 17:18 +; יְדַעְתִּיךָ בְּשֵׁם Exod 33:12 (JE); = take notice of, regardPs 1:6; Ps 31:7; Ps 37:18 so of Israel as chosen people Amos 3:2; Hos 13:5 (Assyrian idûšu, God regardeth him, Hpt^{BAS i, 15}) compare Gen 18:19 (J).

3. know a personcarnally, of sexual intercourse, followed by accusative: man subject Gen 4:1; Gen 4:17; Gen 4:25; Gen 24:16; Gen 38:26 (all J), 1Sam 1:19; Judg 19:25; 1Kgs 1:4 woman subject Gen 19:8 (J), Num 31:17; Num 31:18; Num 31:35 (all P), Judg 11:39 יֹדַעַת מִשְׁכַּב זָכָר Judg 21:11 לֹא יָדְעָה אִישׁ לְמִשְׁכַּב זָכָר vJudg 21:12 man subject and object (of sodomy) Gen 19:5 (J), Judg 19:22.

4. a. know how to do a thing, be able to do it, often with לֹא and followed by infinitive לֹא יָדְעוּ עֲשׂוֺתֿ נְכֹחָה Amos 3:10 they know not how to do right; לֹא יָדַעְתִּי דַבֵּר Jer 1:6; Jer 6:15; 1Kgs 3:7; Isa 56:11 (twice in verse), with לְ Isa 50:4; Eccl 10:15 לֹא יָדַע לְהִזָּהֵר Eccl 4:13 know not how to be admonished (Eccl 4:17 know that); infinitive absolute ידע מָאוֺס בָּרָע וּבָחוֺר בַּטּוֺב Isa 7:15; Isa 7:16.
b. be skilful in,especially participle, followed by accusative יֹדֵעַ צַיִד Gen 25:27 (J) skilled in hunting; ידע סֵפֶר skilled in a book, learnedIsa 29:11; Isa 29:12 (twice in verse); as plural construct יוֺדְעֵי נֶ֑הִי Amos 5:16 knowers of lamentation,professional mourners; יֹדְעֵי הַיָּם 1Kgs 9:27 skilled in the sea, 2Chr 8:18 especially followed by infinitive יֹדֵעַ נַגֵּן 1Sam 16:18 skilled in playing,1Kgs 5:20; 2Chr 2:6; 2Chr 2:7; 2Chr 2:13: יֹדֵעַ מְנַגֵּן בַּכִנּוֺר 1Sam 16:16 knowing, (as) a player on the lyre (see Dr).

5. absolute have knowledge, be wise: לַֹיּדְעִים Eccl 9:11 (|| חֲכָמִים, נְבֹנִים); especially have knowledge of God and duty, or in practical affairs Isa 1:3 (|| בין), Isa 56:10 often with accusative of congnate meaning with verb: דַּעַת Prov 17:27; Prov 30:3 בִּינָה Isa 29:24; Prov 4:1; 2Chr 2:12, compare יוֺדְעֵי בִינָה לָעִתִּים 1Chr 12:33 (Baer), Esth 1:13 also יֹדְעֵי דָּת וָדִין vEsth 1:13 יֹדְעֵי דַעַת וּמְבִינֵי מַדָּע Dan 1:4 object שֶׂכֶל וּבִינָה 2Chr 2:11 (|| בֵּן חָכָם); חָכְמָה וּמוּסָר Prov 1:2 (|| הבין אִמְרֵי בִּינָה); חָכְמָה Prov 24:14; Eccl 8:16. Niph`al Perfect נוֺדַע Gen 41:21 + 10 t.; וְנוֺדַע consecutive 1Sam 6:3 + 2 t.; 3 feminine singular וְנוֺדְעָה Lev 4:14; Isa 66:14, etc.; Imperfect יִוָּדַע Gen 41:31 + 10 t.; יִוָּדֵ֑עַ Prov 10:9 וַיִּוָּדַ֫ע Esth 2:22 3 feminine singular תִּוָּדֵ֑עַ Prov 14:33 2 feminine singular תִּוָּדְעִי Ruth 3:3 וָאִוָּדַע Ezek 20:5 Infinitive suffix הִוָּדְעִי Jer 31:19 Participle נוֺדָע Ps 76:2 + 2 t.; —

1. be made known, beor become known,of things Gen 41:31 (followed by בְּ), Exod 2:14 (both E), Lev 4:14 (P), Judg 16:9; 2Sam 17:19; Nah 3:17; Zech 14:7 (followed by לְ), Ps 77:20; Ps 79:10 (followed by בְּ); Ps 88:13 (followed by בְּ); of hand of ׳י Isa 66:14 (followed by אֶת); with subject clause Exod 21:36; Exod 33:16 (both J E), Deut 21:1; 1Sam 6:3 (followed by לְ), 1Kgs 18:36; Ezek 36:32 (followed by לְ) Ruth 3:14; Eccl 6:10; Esth 2:22 (followed by לְ); of person, Prov 31:23 (followed by בְּ) Isa 61:9 (followed by בְּ and בְּתוֺךְ); of ׳י Ps 76:2 (followed by בְּ); = be revealed, discovered, of person 1Sam 22:6; Jer 28:9; Prov 10:9 of things Neh 4:9; Prov 12:16; Prov 14:33.

2. make oneself known,of person, followed by לְ Ruth 3:3, usually of God (׳י) Exod 6:3 (P; || וָאֵרָא אֶלֿ), Isa 19:21; Ezek 20:5, followed by לְעֵינֵי Ezek 38:23 followed by אֶלֿ Ezek 20:9 followed by בְּ Ezek 35:11; Ps 48:4 without preposition Ps 9:17.

3. be perceived (passive of Qal), of perception by the eye Gen 41:21 (E), Ps 74:5.

4. be instructed (passive of Hiph`il) Jer 31:19, in spiritual sense, through chastisement. Pi`el Perfect 2 masculine singular יִדַּ֫עְתָּ, only ידעתה שַׁחַר מקֹמוֺ Job 38:12 Kt; read with Qr יִדַּעְתָּ הַשַּׁחַר cause to know, followed by 2 accusative; so Ps 104:19 according to Bae, who reads יִדַּע, after Aq Symm. Po. Perfect יוֺדַעְתִּי 1Sam 21:3 I have caused to know, i.e. directed, followed by accusative, but read יוֺעַדְתִּי or יָעַדְתִּי, from יעד, so ᵐ5 We Dr. Pu`al Participle known מידעת Isa 12:5 Kt (Qr מוּדַעַת see Hoph`al); elsewhere as substantive = acquaintance מְיֻדָּעִי Ps 55:14 מְיֻדָּעָיו 2Kgs 10:11 מְיֻדָּעַי Ps 88:9; Job 19:14 (|| קְרוֺבָ֑י), Ps 88:19 (|| אֹהֵב and רֵעַ); מְיֻדָּעָ֑י Ps 31:12, Kt מידע Ruth 2:1 (Qr מוֺדַע q.see below) Hiph`il Perfect הוֺדִיעַ Ps 98:2 הוֺדִיעַ֫נִי Jer 11:18 הוֺדַ֫עְתָּ 1Kgs 1:27 + 2 t.; הוֺדָ֑עְתָּ Job 26:3, etc.; Imperfect יוֺדִיעַ Ps 103:7; Isa 38:19 jussive יֹדַ֫ע Num 16:5 וַיֹּדַע Judg 8:16 יוֺדִיעֶנּוּ Isa 40:13; Isa 40:14 2 masculine singular תּוֺדִיעַ Hab 3:2 תּוֺדִיעֵנִי Ps 16:11; Ps 51:8 1 singular אוֺדִיעַ Ps 89:2; Ezek 39:7 אוֺדִיעָה Prov 1:23; Isa 5:5 יוֺדִיעוּ Job 32:7 יוֺדִעֻם Ezek 44:23 נוֺדִיעָה 1Sam 14:12 Imperative הוֺדַע Prov 9:9 + 3 t. (הוֺדַ֑ע Ps 90:12); suffix הוֺדִיעֵנִי Job 10:2 + 6 t., etc.; Infinitive construct הוֺדִיעַ 2Sam 7:21 + 3 t.; הֹדִיעַ 1Chr 17:19 הוֺדִיעֵנִי 1Sam 28:15, etc.; Participle מוֺדִיְעֲךָ Dan 8:19 מוֺדִיעָם Jer 16:21 מוֺדִיעִים Isa 47:13; 2Chr 23:13 — make known, declare, with accusative of thing Num 16:5 (P), Ezek 39:7; 1Chr 17:19; Job 26:3; Ps 89:2; Ps 98:2; Ps 106:8 object omitted Hab 3:2 teach, with accusative of thing Job 32:7 followed by infinitive Ps 90:12 and (peculiarly) לְהַלֵּל ׳מ 2Chr 23:13 i.e.led in praising; with לְ person Prov 9:9 with accusative of person Isa 40:13; Judg 8:16 (but read וַיָּ֫דָשׁ, see דושׁ); make known, declare, with accusative of thing, + לְ person Exod 18:20; Deut 4:9; Neh 8:12; Neh 9:14; Ps 78:5; Ps 103:7; Ps 145:12; Isa 38:19; Isa 64:1 with clause of thing, + לְ person 1Sam 10:8 make one know, with clause of thing and accusative (suffix) person Exod 33:12; Deut 8:3; 1Sam 6:2; 1Sam 16:3; 1Sam 28:15; Job 10:2; Job 37:19 with accusative of thing + suffix person הוֺדִעֵנִי נָא אֶתֿ דְּרָכֶ֔ךָ וְאֵדָעֲךָ Exod 33:13 (JE) make me, I pray, to know thy ways, that I may know thee; Jer 16:21; Ezek 20:4; Ezek 22:2; Ezek 43:11; Isa 40:14 (|| וַיְלַמְּדֵהוּ דַעַת, also v^a וַיְבִינֵהוּ), Prov 22:21; Job 13:23; Ps 16:11; Ps 25:4 (|| לַמְּדֵנִי), vPs 16:14 (on infinitive with לְ see Ges^{§158; 114, 2, R. 2, Exx},), Ps 39:5; Ps 51:8; Ps 143:8 (|| הַשְׁמִיעֵנִי); חַטָּאתִי אוֺדִיעֲךָ Ps 32:5 (|| עֲוֺנִי לֹאכִֿסִּיתִי); followed by 2 separate accusative Gen 41:39 (E), 1Sam 14:12; Isa 5:5; Ezek 20:1; Ezek 16:2; Prov 1:23; Dan 8:19 accusative of person omitted Exod 18:16 (E); accusative of thing omitted Josh 4:22 = teach one (D), so Isa 40:13; 2Sam 7:21; 1Kgs 1:27 = answer Job 38:2; Job 40:7; Job 42:4 with suffix person, accusative of thing omitted Jer 11:18; Jer 16:21; Prov 22:19 followed by accusative of thing + בְּ Ps 77:15 thou hast made known thy might among the peoples, Isa 12:4; 1Chr 18:8 = Ps 105:1 followed by clause + בְּ person Hos 5:9 followed by בֵּין, teach the difference between, to discriminate between בֵּין הַטָּמֵא לְטָהוֺר Ezek 22:26 + suffix person Ezek 44:23 (compare Qal 1 d); followed by מִן partitive מוֺדִעִים לֶחֳדָשִׁים מֵאֲשֶׁר יָבוֺאוּ Isa 47:13 who declare, at the new moons, of (the things) which are to come. Hoph`al Perfect הוֺדַע Lev 4:23; Lev 4:28 (see Kö^{i, 427}); Participle מוּדַעַת Qr Isa 12:5 (> Kt מְידַֻּעַת); — made known (Participle) Qr Isa 12:5 let this be made known in (בְּ) all the earth (> Kt Punic Participle which is not elsewhere in this sense); followed by אֵלָיו if his sin be made known unto himself Lev 4:23; Lev 4:28 (P). Hitph. Imperfect אֶתְוַדָּ֑ע Num 12:6 (E); sq: אֶלֿ make oneself known to, of ׳י; Infinitive הִתְוַדַּע אֶלֿ Gen 45:1 (E), of Joseph.

BDB9571 H3045 H3046

יְדַע verb know (see Biblical Hebrew); —

Pe`al Perfect 3 masculine singular ׳י Dan 5:21; Dan 6:11, 2 masculine singular יְדַ֫עָתָּ Dan 5:22, 1s. יִדְעֵת Dan 4:6 Imperfect 2 masculine singular תִּנְדַּע (K^{§ 11, 4. b}) β)) Ezra 4:15 +, etc.; Imu. דַּע masculine singular (K^{§ 11. 3 a})) Dan 6:16 Participle active יָדַע Dan 2:8 +; plural יָָֽדְעִין Dan 5:23, etc.; passive יְדיעַ Dan 4:12 +; — know, with accusative of thing Dan 2:30; Dan 5:22, accusative of thing omitted Ezra 7:25 ׳יָֽדְעֵי דָּתֵי א, vEzra 7:25, יָָֽדְעֵי בִינָה Dan 2:21 with object clause vDan 2:8 vDan 2:9 vDan 2:22; Dan 4:6; Dan 4:14; Dan 4:23; Dan 4:29; Dan 5:21; Dan 6:11; Dan 6:16; Ezra 4:15, so (of God) Dan 4:22 participle active absolute Dan 5:23 having capacity of knowledge; passive in periphrase conjugation, subject clause + ל person Dan 3:18; Ezra 4:12; Ezra 4:13; Ezra 5:8. Haph`el Perfect 3 masculine singular הוֺדַע Dan 2:15 +, suffix הוֺדְעָךְ vDan 2:29, 2 masculine singular suffix הוֺדַעְתַּ֫נִי vDan 2:23, תֶּ֑נָה- vDan 2:23 1 plural הוֺדַ֫עְנָא Ezra 4:14 Imperfect 3 masculine singular יְהוֺדַע Dan 2:25, suffix יְהוֺדְעִנַּ֑נִי Dan 7:16, etc. (see K^{§ 43 c})); Infinitive לְהוֺדָעָה Dan 5:8, suffix לְהוֺדָעֻתַ֫נִי Dan 4:15; Dan 5:16, etc.; Participle active plural מְהוֺדְעִין Dan 4:4 +; — cause to know, inform : ל person Ezra 4:14, + accusative of thing Dan 2:15; Dan 2:17; Dan 2:25; Dan 2:30; Dan 4:4; Dan 5:8; Dan 5:17, so (sf, person) Dan 2:5; Dan 2:9; Dan 2:26; Dan 4:3; Dan 4:15; Dan 5:15; Dan 5:16; Dan 7:16, and (subject God) Dan 2:23 ל person + object clause Ezra 4:16; Ezra 7:24, so (of God) Dan 2:28; Dan 2:29; Dan 2:45, and (suffix person) V:23; accusative of person only Ezra 5:10; Ezra 7:25.

know, known, knew, knowest, knoweth, …

yādaʿ

to know (properly, to ascertain by seeing); used in a great variety of senses, figuratively, literally, euphemistically and inferentially (including observation, care, recognition; and causatively, instruction, designation, punishment, etc.)

to know

(Qal)

to know

to know, learn to know

to be made known, be or become known, be revealed

to be known

ש דין

ש

Prefix — relative who, which, that

דין

Root word judgment, cause, plea, strife

Dictionary form: דִּין · deen

Noun — Common, masculine singular, absolute state

the cause ×6 the judgment ×2 and judgment ×1 and my cause ×1 and plea ×1 from judgment ×1 him yet judgment ×1 judgment ×1

More options

judgment — Broadest fit; formal legal or divine verdict.

case — Legal context; a party's matter before a court.

cause — A party's claim or side; modernizes KJV 'the cause'.

plea — Emphasizes appeal or petition to a judge.

justice — Prefer when the focus is on fair outcome or right.

dispute — Highlights conflict between parties; close to 'strife'.

BDB1886 H1779

[דּוּן] noun [masculine] dubious; Qr Job 9:29 שַׁדּיּ֯ן; see דִּין
n.

BDB1916 H1779

דִּין noun [masculine] judgment — Deut 17:8 + 16 t.; suffix דִּינִי Ps 9:5, דִּינֵךְ Jer 30:13 —

1. כסא דין throne of judgment Prov 20:8 משׁמים השׁמעת דין from heaven thou didst cause judgment to be heard Ps 76:9.

2. cause, plea, בין דין לדין between plea and plea Deut 17:8 דין דין plead a cause Jer 5:28; Jer 22:16; Jer 30:13 עשׂה דין maintain, the cause Ps 9:5; Ps 140:13 ידע דין consider the cause Prov 29:7 דין לפניו the cause is before him Job 35:14 שׁנה דין change the cause Prov 31:5 לְהַטּוֺת מִדִּין דַּלִּים Isa 10:2 דין יתום Jer 5:28 דין כל בני חֲלוֺף Prov 31:8.

3. judgment, condemnation, דין רשׁע judgment of the wicked Job 36:17 דין ומשׁפט judgment and justice vJob 36:17.

4. strife, דין וקלון Prov 22:10 (legal strife, law-suit Str).

5. government, דת ודין law and government Esth 1:13.

Note. — לְמַעַן תֵּדְעוּן שַׁדּיּ֯ן Job 19:29 is variously explained. (1) AV RV that ye may know there is a judgment follow Aq Symm Theod, so De Da, in interpreting שׁ relative + דִּין judgment, but שׁ is unknown to the dialect of Job and דִּין is used only in Elihu section. (2) ᵐ5 reads ὕλη, or ἴσχυς (i.e. שַׁדַּי (compare Job 29:5 ᵐ5) ? or שֹׁד?), & Qr שַׁדּוּן, indicating ancient uncertainty and a corrupt text. (3) Ew Di read שַׁדַּי the Almighty, which accords with usage of Job. (4) Siegf כִּי שֻׁדָּ֑דוּ (doubtfully).

judgment, cause, plea, strife

dîn

judgement (the suit, justice, sentence or tribunal); by implication also strife

judgment

judgment

שַׁ דּֽוּן

שַׁ

Prefix — relative who, which, that

דּֽוּן

Root word judgment, cause, plea, strife

Dictionary form: דִּין · deen

Noun — Common, masculine singular, absolute state

In the KJV here: there is a judgment

the cause ×6 the judgment ×2 and judgment ×1 and my cause ×1 and plea ×1 from judgment ×1 him yet judgment ×1 judgment ×1

More options

judgment — Broadest fit; formal legal or divine verdict.

case — Legal context; a party's matter before a court.

cause — A party's claim or side; modernizes KJV 'the cause'.

plea — Emphasizes appeal or petition to a judge.

justice — Prefer when the focus is on fair outcome or right.

dispute — Highlights conflict between parties; close to 'strife'.

BDB1886 H1779

[דּוּן] noun [masculine] dubious; Qr Job 9:29 שַׁדּיּ֯ן; see דִּין
n.

BDB1916 H1779

דִּין noun [masculine] judgment — Deut 17:8 + 16 t.; suffix דִּינִי Ps 9:5, דִּינֵךְ Jer 30:13 —

1. כסא דין throne of judgment Prov 20:8 משׁמים השׁמעת דין from heaven thou didst cause judgment to be heard Ps 76:9.

2. cause, plea, בין דין לדין between plea and plea Deut 17:8 דין דין plead a cause Jer 5:28; Jer 22:16; Jer 30:13 עשׂה דין maintain, the cause Ps 9:5; Ps 140:13 ידע דין consider the cause Prov 29:7 דין לפניו the cause is before him Job 35:14 שׁנה דין change the cause Prov 31:5 לְהַטּוֺת מִדִּין דַּלִּים Isa 10:2 דין יתום Jer 5:28 דין כל בני חֲלוֺף Prov 31:8.

3. judgment, condemnation, דין רשׁע judgment of the wicked Job 36:17 דין ומשׁפט judgment and justice vJob 36:17.

4. strife, דין וקלון Prov 22:10 (legal strife, law-suit Str).

5. government, דת ודין law and government Esth 1:13.

Note. — לְמַעַן תֵּדְעוּן שַׁדּיּ֯ן Job 19:29 is variously explained. (1) AV RV that ye may know there is a judgment follow Aq Symm Theod, so De Da, in interpreting שׁ relative + דִּין judgment, but שׁ is unknown to the dialect of Job and דִּין is used only in Elihu section. (2) ᵐ5 reads ὕλη, or ἴσχυς (i.e. שַׁדַּי (compare Job 29:5 ᵐ5) ? or שֹׁד?), & Qr שַׁדּוּן, indicating ancient uncertainty and a corrupt text. (3) Ew Di read שַׁדַּי the Almighty, which accords with usage of Job. (4) Siegf כִּי שֻׁדָּ֑דוּ (doubtfully).

judgment, cause, plea, strife

dîn

judgement (the suit, justice, sentence or tribunal); by implication also strife

judgment

judgment

Word Breakdown

Vowels & Accents

Grammar Vqv2mp

Verb Chart

English Options

Brown-Driver-Briggs (BDB)

Strong's Definition H1481

Word Breakdown

Vowels & Accents

Grammar R/Sp2mp

English Options

Word Breakdown

Vowels & Accents

Grammar R/Ncbpc

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Brown-Driver-Briggs (BDB)

Strong's Definition H6440

Word Breakdown

Vowels & Accents

Grammar Ncfsa

English Options

Brown-Driver-Briggs (BDB)

Strong's Definition H2719

Word Breakdown

Vowels & Accents

Grammar C

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Brown-Driver-Briggs (BDB)

Strong's Definition H3588

Word Breakdown

Vowels & Accents

Grammar Ncfsa

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Brown-Driver-Briggs (BDB)

Strong's Definition H2534

Word Breakdown

Vowels & Accents

Grammar Ncbpc

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Brown-Driver-Briggs (BDB)

Strong's Definition H5771

Word Breakdown

Vowels & Accents

Grammar Ncfsa

English Options

Brown-Driver-Briggs (BDB)

Strong's Definition H2719

Word Breakdown

Vowels & Accents

Grammar R

English Options

Brown-Driver-Briggs (BDB)

Strong's Definition H4616

Word Breakdown

Vowels & Accents

Grammar Vqi2mp/Sn

Verb Chart

English Options

Brown-Driver-Briggs (BDB)

Strong's Definition H3045

Word Breakdown

Vowels & Accents

Grammar Tr/Ncmsa

English Options

Brown-Driver-Briggs (BDB)

Strong's Definition H1779

Word Breakdown

Vowels & Accents

Grammar Tr/Ncmsa

English Options

Brown-Driver-Briggs (BDB)

Strong's Definition H1779

Masoretic Phrasing

KJV