Job 36:10

וַיִּ֣גֶל אָ֭זְנָם לַמּוּסָ֑ר וַ֝יֹּ֗אמֶר כִּֽי יְשֻׁב֥וּן מֵאָֽוֶן
He openeth also their ear to discipline, and commandeth that they return from iniquity.
Select a Hebrew word above to see its details.

וַ יִּ֣גֶל
וַ
Prefix — connector and (sometimes: but, so, then)
יִּ֣גֶל
Root word captive, uncover, away, discovered, captivity, …
Dictionary form: גָּלָה · ɡaw-LAW

וַ
Vav-consecutive (wayyiqtol) The וַ prefix — vav with patach plus a doubling dagesh in the next letter — flips this verb into story-telling past: translate "and (he) ___ed", not "will ___".

Verb — Qal, Sequential Imperfect (Wayyiqtol), third person masculine singular simple action — "he did" story-telling past — try "and he ___ed" the built-in subject is "he (or it)"

In the KJV here: he openeth
uncover ×16 carried away captive ×6 discovered ×5 carried away ×4 open ×4 had carried away ×3 he hath uncovered ×3 shall surely ×3
More options
reveal — Best for divine disclosure or secrets made known.
expose — Good for uncovering something hidden or shameful.
deport — Formal; ideal for forced exile or state-level displacement.
uncover — Modernized KJV; suits literal and metaphorical baring.
exile — Noun-like verb; emphasizes banishment from homeland.
disclose — Neutral; suits legal or deliberate revelation contexts.

BDB1636 H1540

BDB1635 | BIBLICAL HEBREW | BDB1637

גָּלָה189 verb uncover, remove (Late Hebrew id., compare Arabic be or become clear, uncovered; display, reveal, declare; go forth, emigrate; compare Eth obducere, velare, & II. in derivatives (rare) Di1141; Aramaic גְּלָא, reveal) —

Qal51 Perfect ׳ג etc. 1Sam 4:21 + (18 t. in all); Imperfect יִגְלֶה 1Sam 20:2 + 5 t., וַיִּ֫גֶָֽל 2Kgs 17:23 + 3 t., also jussive יִ֫גֶל Job 20:28; Job 36:15 3 masculine plural יִגְלוּ Amos 6:7 Imperative masculine singular גְּלֵה Ezek 12:3 Infinitive absolute גָּלֹה Amos 5:5 + 2 t., construct גְּלוֺת Judg 18:30; Jer 1:3 Participle גּוֺלֶה 2Kgs 24:14, גֹּלֶה 1Sam 22:8 + 3 t., feminine גּוֺלָה Isa 49:21 passive גָּלוּי Esth 3:14 + 2 t., construct גְּלוּי Num 24:4; Num 24:16 —
1. גָּלָה אֹזֶן uncover the ear of one, i.e. reveal to him 1Sam 9:15; 1Sam 20:2; 1Sam 20:12; 1Sam 20:13; 1Sam 22:8 (twice in verse); 1Sam 22:17; 2Sam 7:27; 1Chr 17:25; Ruth 4:4; Job 33:16; Job 36:10; Job 36:15 גְּלוּי עינים uncovered of eyes, having the eyes open Num 24:4; Num 24:16 גָּלָה סוֺד reveal a secret Amos 3:7; Prov 20:19 הגלוי the revealed opposed to הֶחָתוּם Jer 32:11 גָּלוּי לְ disclosed, published Esth 3:14; Esth 8:13.
2. intransitive remove, depart, גלה משׂושׂ הארץ the mirth of the land is departed Isa 24:11 יגל יבול ביתו the increase of his house shall depart Job 20:28 גלה חציר Prov 27:25.
3. go into exile Judg 18:30; 2Kgs 17:23; 2Kgs 25:21; Isa 5:13; Jer 1:3; Jer 52:27; Ezek 12:3; Ezek 39:23; Amos 1:5; Amos 5:5; Amos 6:7; Amos 7:11; Amos 7:17; Mic 1:16; Lam 1:3 גלה כבוד 1Sam 4:21; 1Sam 4:22; Hos 10:5 participle גֹּלָה an exile 2Sam 15:19; 2Kgs 24:14; Isa 49:21; Amos 6:7. Niph`al Perfect נִגְלָה 1Sam 3:21 + 9 t., נִגְלָתָה Isa 53:1, נִגְלֵתִי 1Sam 2:27, נִגְלוּGen 35:7 + 2 t., נִגְלִינוּ 1Sam 14:8 Imperfect יִגָּלֶה, תִּגָּלֶה 1Sam 3:7 + 4 t., תִּגָּל Isa 47:3, יִגָּלוּ 2Sam 22:16 + 2 t.; Imperative הִגָּלוּ Isa 49:9 Infinitive absolute נִגְלֹה1Sam 2:27 construct נִגְלוֺת 2Sam 6:20, הִגָּלוֺת 2Sam 6:20 + 2 t.; Participle plural נִגְלֹת Deut 29:28 —
1. reflexive
  a. uncover oneself (one's nakedness) 2Sam 6:20.
  b. discover or shew oneself Isa 49:9, אֶל 1Sam 14:8; 1Sam 14:11.
  c. reveal himself (of God), אֶל Gen 35:7 (E) 1Sam 2:27; 1Sam 3:21, באזני Isa 22:14.
2. passive
  a. be uncovered (one's nakedness), ערוה Exod 20:26 (E) Isa 47:3; Ezek 16:36; Ezek 23:29, שׁולים Jer 13:22.
  b. be disclosed, discovered, foundations 2Sam 22:16 (= Ps 18:16) Ezek 13:14 gates of death Job 38:17, עוןHos 7:1, פשׁע Ezek 21:29, רעה Prov 26:26; Ezek 16:57.
  c. be revealed ׳כבוד י Isa 40:5, ׳זרוע י Isa 53:1, ׳דבר י 1Sam 3:7, צדקה Isa 56:1 with לְ Isa 23:1; Dan 10:1, הַנִּגְלֹת the things revealed Deut 29:28.
3. be removed, דּוֺרִי נִסַּע וְנִגְלָה מִנִּי my habitation is plucked up and removed from me Isa 38:12. Pi`el56 Perfect גִּלָּהLev 20:11, גִּלִּית Isa 57:8, גִּלֵּיתִיJer 33:6 Imperfect יְגַלָּה Deut 23:1, תְּגַל Prov 25:9 Imperative גַּל Ps 119:18, גַּלִּי Isa 47:2 Infinitive גַּלּוֺת Lev 18:6 Participle מְגַלֶּה Job 12:22 —
1. uncover,
  a. nakedness (oft = contract marriage, RSLagGN 1882, 408; JPh ix. 94) Lev 18:6-19; Lev 20:11-21 (H 23 t.) Ezek 22:10 compare כנף אביו Deut 23:1; Deut 27:20 of exposure, as a reproach, Ezek 16:37; Ezek 23:10, compare נבלת Hos 2:12, שׁולים Nah 3:5 immodesty Ezek 23:18, מקור דמיה Lev 20:18 (H), תזנותיה Ezek 23:18 ׳ג alone Isa 57:8 (all subject feminine)
  b. in general: feet Ruth 3:4; Ruth 3:7, leg Isa 47:2, vail vIsa 47:2 (i.e. remove it) compare Isa 22:8, פני לבושׁו Job 41:5, eyes Num 22:31 (E) Ps 119:18 (open them so as to see).
2. disclose, discover, lay bare, secret places Jer 49:10, deep places Job 12:22, foundations Mic 1:6, blood Isa 26:21, iniquity Job 20:27, secret Prov 11:13; Prov 25:9, a wanderer (betray) Isa 16:3.
3. make known, shew, reveal, רִיב אֶל make known a cause unto Jer 11:20; Jer 20:12 with לְ Job 33:6 גִּלָּה צִדְקָתוֺ לעיני shew his righteousness in the eyes of Ps 98:2 with על עון ׃עָל, על חטאת make known concerning, iniquity, sin Lam 2:14; Lam 4:22. Pu`al Perfect גֻּלְּתָה be uncovered Nah 2:8 Participle תּוֺכַחַת מְגֻלָּה open rebuke Prov 27:5. Hiph`il39 Perfect הֶגְלָה 2Kgs 17:11 +, הִגְלָה 2Kgs 24:14, הֶגְלָם 1Chr 8:7, הִגְלָם Jer 20:4 Imperfect וַיֶּגֶל 2Kgs 17:6 + 3 t.; suffix וַיַּגְלֶהָ 2Kgs 16:9, וַיַּגְלֵם 2Kgs 15:29; 1Chr 5:26, יַגְלוּם 1Chr 8:6: Infinitive הַגְלוֺת 1Chr 5:41 + 5 t., בַּגְלוֺתוֺ Jer 27:20 — carry away into exile, take into exile 2Kgs 15:29; 2Kgs 16:9; 2Kgs 17:6; 2Kgs 17:11; 2Kgs 17:26; 2Kgs 17:27; 2Kgs 17:28; 2Kgs 17:33; 2Kgs 18:11; 2Kgs 24:14; 2Kgs 24:15; 2Kgs 25:11; 1Chr 5:6; 1Chr 5:26; 1Chr 5:41; 1Chr 8:6; 1Chr 8:7; 2Chr 36:20; Ezra 2:1; Neh 7:6; Esth 2:6; Jer 20:4; Jer 22:12; Jer 24:1; Jer 27:20; Jer 29:1; Jer 29:4; Jer 29:7; Jer 29:14; Jer 39:9; Jer 43:3; Jer 52:15; Jer 52:28; Jer 52:29; Jer 52:30; Lam 4:22; Ezek 39:28; Amos 1:6; Amos 5:27. Hoph`al Perfect הָגְלָה Esth 2:6 feminine הָגְלְתָה Esth 2:6, הָגְלוּ 1Chr 9:1; Jer 40:7, הָגְלָתJer 13:19 (twice in verse) (Ges«GKC:75»§ 75, R. 1); Participle passive מֻגְלִים Jer 40:1 carried into exile.
Hithpa`el 1. Imperfect וַיִּתְגַּל was uncovered (naked) Gen 9:21.
2. Infinitive בְּהִתְגַּלּוֺת לִבּוֺ that his heart may reveal itself Prov 18:2.

BDB9411 H1540 H1541

BDB9410 | BIBLICAL ARAMAIC | BDB9412

[גְּלָא, גְּלָה] verb reveal (Biblical Hebrew גָּלָה uncover, reveal); —

Pe`al reveal secrets, human agent: Infinitive לְמִגְלֵא Dan 2:47; of God, Participle active גָּלֵא vDan 2:22 vDan 2:28 vDan 2:29 vDan 2:47. Pe`il Perfect גְַּלִי vDan 2:19, גֱּלִי vDan 2:30, revealed (WCG 225 NöLCB, 1896, 703); — of secret, with ל person Haph`el take into exile (Biblical Hebrew Hiph`il), Perfect 3 masculine singular הַגְלִי, with accusative of person Ezra 4:10; Ezra 5:12 (ל location).

captive, uncover, away, discovered, captivity, …
gālâ
to denude (especially in a disgraceful sense); by implication, to exile (captives being usually stripped); figuratively, to reveal
  • to uncover, remove
    • (Qal)
      • to uncover
        • "to remove, depart"to go into exile
      (Niphal)
      • (reflexive)
        • to uncover oneself
          • "to discover or show oneself"to reveal himself (of God)
        (passive)
        • to be uncovered
          • "to be disclosed, be discovered"to be revealed
        to be removed
      (Piel)
      • to uncover (nakedness)
        • nakedness
          • "general
        to disclose, discover, lay bare"to make known, show, reveal
      (Pual) to be uncovered"(Hiphil) to carry away into exile, take into exile"(Hophal) to be taken into exile"(Hithpael)
      • to be uncovered
        • "to reveal oneself

אָ֭זְנָ ם
אָ֭זְנָ
Root word ears, ear, audience, hearing, me, …
ם
Suffix — pronoun their / them
Dictionary form: אֹזֶן · oh-DZEN

Noun — Common, feminine singular, construct state "___ of …" — bound to the next word

In the KJV here: also their ear
in the ears ×22 thine ear ×16 ear ×9 their ear ×7 in mine ears ×6 the ear ×6 his ear ×5 his ears ×4
More options
ear — Standard, neutral term; fits most prose and poetry contexts.
hearing — Use when the sense is 'within someone's hearing/audience'.
attention — Idiomatic for phrases like 'lend an ear'; signals receptivity.
audience — Formal register; suits proclamation or official speech contexts.
perception — Emphasizes cognitive reception of sound, not just the organ.

BDB263 H241

BDB262 | BIBLICAL HEBREW | BDB264

אֹ֫זֶן188 noun feminine: Exod 29:20 ear (Arabic , Aramaic , אוּדְנָא, Assyrian uznu, Ethiopic ) — absolute 2Sam 22:45 +; construct Exod 29:20 +; suffix אָזְנִי 1Sam 20:2 +, etc.; dual אָזְנַיִם (נָ֑יִם) Deut 29:3 +; construct אָזְנֵי Gen 23:10 +; suffix אָזְנַי (נָֿ֑י) Num 14:28 +; (never with article). —

1. ear, as part of body; of human being, as bearing earring Gen 35:4; Exod 32:2; Exod 32:3 (all J E) Ezek 16:12 pierced by a master Exod 21:6 (E) Deut 15:17 touched with blood in consecration (׳תְּנוּךְ א tip of ear) Lev 8:23; Lev 8:24; Lev 14:14; Lev 14:17; Lev 14:25; Lev 14:28 cut off by enemy Ezek 23:25 (of אָהֳלִיבָה q. v.); ear of dog Prov 26:17 מַחֲזִיק בְּאָזְנֵיכָּֿ֑לֶב; of sheep Amos 3:12 (fragment rescued from lion).
2. especially as organ of hearing,
  a. of man Deut 29:3; 2Sam 22:45 = Ps 18:45; Job 42:5; Isa 30:21 implanted (נטע) by ׳י Ps 94:9 of idols (do not hear) Ps 115:6; Ps 135:17 ׳שָׁמַע בא 2Sam 7:22 + 8 t.; especially ׳בְּא after verb of saying = in the ears, in the hearing of Gen 20:8 (E) Gen 23:10; Gen 23:13; Gen 23:16 (P) Gen 44:18; Gen 50:4 (J) Deut 5:1; Deut 31:11; Deut 31:28; Deut 31:30 + 44 t.; compare Isa 5:9 (verb omitted); after noun of utterance, sound 1Sam 15:14; Job 13:17; Job 15:21 compare ׳א after verbal noun Ezek 24:26 (׳לְהַשְׁמָעוּת א) compare Isa 11:3 ׳הִטָּה א incline the ear = give attention Ps 45:11; Prov 22:17 + 9 t.; followed by ל Ps 49:5 + 4 t.; so ׳הִקְשִׁיב א Isa 32:3; Prov 2:2 (followed by ל); ׳ל ׳הֵבִיא א Prov 23:2 as receiving words תָּקַּח ׳א Job 4:12 compare Jer 9:19 as tingling (צלל) at dreadful news 1Sam 3:11; 2Kgs 21:12; Jer 19:3 as hearing with satisfaction, triumph Ps 92:12 תִּשְׁמַעְנָה אָזְנָי֑ (|| ׳וַתַּבֵּט עֵינִי בְּ but Che strike out; as intelligent (involving mental process) וַתָּבֶן לָהּ ׳שָֽׁמְעָה א Job 13:1 מִלִּין תִּבְחָ֑ן ׳א Job 12:11 compare Job 34:3 as unsatisfied Eccl 1:8 מִשְּׁמֹעַ ׳לֹא תִמָּלֵא א; as seeking (בקשׁ) know-ledge Prov 18:15 as hearing & blessing Job 29:11 compare שֹׁמַעַת ׳א Prov 20:12; Prov 25:12 a hearing (responsive, obedient) ear; compare Prov 15:31; Isa 43:8 opposed to stopping the ears (wilful ignorance) מִןֿ ׳אֹטֵם א Prov 21:13 cf Isa 33:15 also of adder in simile of wicked Ps 58:5 כְּמוֺ פֶתֶן חֵרֵשׁ יַאְטֵם אָזְנוֺ; מִןֿ ׳מֵסִיר א Prov 28:9 so ׳עֲרֵלָה א their ear is uncircumcised Jer 6:10 ׳הִכְּבִּיד א Zech 7:11 compare Isa 48:8; Jer 5:21; Ezek 12:2 compare also Isa 42:20.
  b. of Yahweh, ׳י ׳בְּא after verb of utterance Num 11:18 (J) Num 14:28 (P) 1Sam 8:21; Ezek 8:18 after עָלָה 2Kgs 19:28 = Isa 37:29 after בּוֺא Ps 18:7 compare 2Sam 22:7 where verb omitted; so also (after noun without verb) Num 11:1 (J) ׳י ׳בְּא 1Chr 28:8 nearly = in presence of; incline the ear ׳הִטָּה א 2Kgs 19:16 = Isa 37:17; Dan 9:18; Ps 86:1 followed by לְ Ps 17:6; Ps 88:3; Ps 116:2 followed by אֶלֿ Ps 31:3; Ps 71:2; Ps 102:3 ׳הִקְשִׁיב א Ps 10:17 ׳קַשֻּׁבוֺת לְ א 2Chr 6:40; 2Chr 7:15 compare Ps 130:2 id. followed by אֶלֿ Neh 1:6; Neh 1:11 verb omitted אֶלֿ ׳א Ps 34:16 compare Isa 59:1 ׳לֹא כָֽבְדָה א; Lam 3:56 ׳ל ׳אַלתַּֿעְלֵם א.
3. ׳גָּלָה אopen ears of, reveal to, subject man 1Sam 20:2; 1Sam 20:12; 1Sam 20:13; 1Sam 22:8 (twice in verse); 1Sam 22:17; Ruth 4:4 subject ׳י 1Sam 9:15; 2Sam 7:27; 1Chr 17:25 לְמוּסָר ׳א ׳גּ Job 36:10, compare vJob 36:15 ׳כָּרָה א Ps 40:7 לִשְׁמֹעַ ׳יָעִירלִי א Isa 50:4 ׳פָּתַחלִֿי א Isa 50:5 compare חֵרְשִׁים תִּפָּתַחְנָה ׳וְא Isa 35:5 opposed to judicial deafness Mic 7:16; Isa 6:10.

ears, ear, audience, hearing, me, …
ʾōzen
broadness. i.e., (concrete) the ear (from its form in man)
  • ear, as part of the body
    • "ear, as organ of hearing"(subjective) to uncover the ear to reveal; the receiver of divine revelation

לַ מּוּסָ֑ר
לַ
Prefix — preposition to, for + "the" (the article is absorbed into the prefix)
מּוּסָ֑ר
Root word instruction, correction, chastening, chastisement, check, …
Dictionary form: מוּסָר · moo-SAWR

לַ
Hidden "the" לַ = the preposition + the article הַ squeezed together: the "a" vowel under the prefix is the swallowed "the". Translate "to the ___".

Noun — Common, masculine singular, absolute state

In the KJV here: to discipline
instruction ×16 correction ×6 the instruction ×4 and instruction ×3 of instruction ×2 the chastisement ×2 an instruction ×1 have been a rebuker of them all ×1
More options
discipline — Best all-around modern rendering; covers training and correction.
instruction — Emphasizes teaching; good in wisdom/Proverbs contexts.
correction — Highlights remedial aspect; suits disciplinary rebukes.
chastening — Retains moral/parental weight; use for suffering as God's training.
rebuke — Sharpest register; best when verbal reproof is in view.
warning — Softer nuance; useful when restraint or caution is emphasized.

BDB3604 H4148 H4561

BDB3603 | BIBLICAL HEBREW | BDB3605

מוּסָר noun masculineProv 15:10 discipline (of the moral nature), chastening, correction; — ׳מ Jer 2:30 + 31 t. (Ezek 5:15 strike out Co); construct מוּסַר Deut 11:2 + 14 t. (for Job 12:28 see אסר); suffix מוּסָרִי Prov 8:10 מוּסָֽרְךָ Isa 26:16 מֹסָרָם Job 33:16 (for מֻסָרָם Di SS); — discipline, correction, of God, Deut 11:2 ׳מוּסַר י the discipline of ׳י (of Y.'s wonders, as exercising a disciplinary, educating influence upon Israel, compare Dr); ׳לקח מ Jer 17:23; Jer 32:33; Jer 35:13; Zeph 3:2; Zeph 3:7; Ps 50:17; Job 33:16; Job 36:10 בְּלִמָּתִי ׳מ the correction of (i.e. which lead-eth to) my shame Job 20:3.
  b. הבלים עֵץ הוּא ׳מ the discipline of unreal gods is wood (is like themselves, destitute of true moral force) Jer 10:8; Ezek 5:15 = warning example (?) Ew Sm (|| שְׁמָמָה; strike out ᵐ5 CO).
  c. in Proverbs, discipline in the school of wisdom: ׳חכמה ומ Ezek 1:2; Ezek 1:7; Ezek 23:23 חכמה ׳מ discipline of wisdom Ezek 15:33 הַשְׂכֵּל ׳מ Ezek 1:3 ׳תוכחות מ Ezek 6:23 לִבֶּ֑ךָ ׳הָבִיאָה לַמּ Ezek 23:12 apply thy mind to discipline; ׳קבּל מ Ezek 19:20 ׳לקח מ Ezek 1:3; Ezek 8:10; Ezek 24:32 (compare Jeremiah above); קנה ׳מ Ezek 23:23 ׳שׁמע מ Ezek 8:23; Ezek 19:27 ׳שׁמר מ Ezek 10:17 ׳אהב מ Ezek 12:1 ׳החזק במ Ezek 4:13 the reverse ׳שׂנא מ Ezek 5:12 פרע ׳מ Ezek 13:18; Ezek 15:32 ׳בזה מ Ezek 1:7 ׳באין מ for lack of discipline Ezek 5:23 (|| בְּרֹב אִיַלְתּוֺ); אֱוִלִים אִוֶּלֶת ׳מ Ezek 16:22 the discipline of fools is folly; of paternal discipline, correction, Prov 1:8; Prov 4:1; Prov 13:1.

2. more severely, chastening, chastisement: a. of God, יהוה ׳מ Prov 3:11 chastening of Yahweh; שׁדַּי ׳מ Job 5:17 מוּסָֽרְךָ Isa 26:16 שְׁלוֺמֵנוּ עָלָיו ׳מ Isa 53:5 chastisement of (i.e. leading to) our peace was upon him; ׳לקח מ Jer 2:30; Jer 5:3; Jer 7:28 אַכְזָרִי ׳מ Jer 30:14 chastisement of a cruel one, ᵑ0, but read ׳מוּסָר א cruel chastisement, Gf and especially Gie; לְכֻלָּם ׳אני מ Hos 5:2 I am a chastisement for them all.
  b. of man, Prov 15:5; Prov 23:13 ׳שִׁחֲרוֺ מ Prov 13:24 ׳שֵׁבֶט מ Prov 22:15 אויל ׳מ Prov 7:22 chastisement of a fool; מוּסָר רָע Prov 15:10 grievous chastisement.

instruction, correction, chastening, chastisement, check, …
mûsār
properly, chastisement; figuratively, reproof, warning or instruction; also restraint
  • discipline, chastening, correction
    • discipline, correction
      • "chastening

וַ ֝יֹּ֗אמֶר
וַ
Prefix — connector and (sometimes: but, so, then)
֝יֹּ֗אמֶר
Root word said, saying, saith, say, spake, …
Dictionary form: אָמַר · aw-MAHR

וַ
Vav-consecutive (wayyiqtol) The וַ prefix — vav with patach plus a doubling dagesh in the next letter — flips this verb into story-telling past: translate "and (he) ___ed", not "will ___".

Verb — Qal, Sequential Imperfect (Wayyiqtol), third person masculine singular simple action — "he did" story-telling past — try "and he ___ed" the built-in subject is "he (or it)"

In the KJV here: and commandeth
said ×947 saying ×718 and said ×688 saith ×527 and he said ×343 then said ×139 say ×122 and say ×119
More options
say — Most versatile; fits nearly any context or register.
declare — Emphasizes formal or authoritative pronouncement.
tell — Prefer when communication to an audience is stressed.
speak — Highlights the act of oral expression itself.
command — Use when the utterance carries directive force.
think — Fits internal or reflective speech contexts.

BDB557 H559

BDB556 | BIBLICAL HEBREW | BDB558

אָמַר5287 verb utter, say (MI, Phoenician אמר, Aramaic אֲמַר, Ethiopic I. 2 shew, declare, Arabic command; perhaps √ אמר originally = be or make prominent, hence Hithpa`el below, אָמִיר; Sabean אמר lofty, epithet of king JHMordtmZMG 1876, 37; compare DlPr 28 who thinks original meaning hell, sichtbar sein, whence Assyrian amâru, see, & shew, declare, say) — Qal Perfect ׳א Gen 3:1 +, etc.; Imperfect יאֹמַר Gen 31:8 +; וַיּאֹ֫מֶר Gen 1:3 +; וַיּאֹמַ֑ר Gen 14:19 +; in Job always וַיּאֹ֑מַר Job 3:2 +; 3 feminine singular תּאֹמַר Gen 21:12 +; תּאֹמֵר֑ Prov 1:21 1 singular אֹמַר Gen 22:2 +; אוֺמְרָה Ps 42:10 וָאֹמַר Gen 20:13 +; וָאוֺמַר Neh 2:7; Neh 2:17; Neh 2:20 3 masculine plural יאֹמְדוּ Exod 4:1 + etc.; suffix יֹמְרוּךָ Ps 139:20 2 masculine plural תֹּמְדוּ 2Sam 19:14 ( compare Köi. p. 385); Imperative (אֱמָרֿ) אֱמֹר Gen 45:17 +, etc.; Infinitive absolute אָמוֺר Exod 21:5 +; construct אֱמֹר Ezek 25:8 +; (הַ)אֲמֹר Job 34:18 but read הָאֹמֵר ᵐ5 ᵑ9 Di, or better הֶאָמֹר Infinitive absolute with ה interrogative compare Ew :§ 328 d; suffix אָמְרִי Josh 6:10 +; אֲמָרְכֶם Jer 23:38 אֱמָרְכֶם Mal 1:7 +; לֵאמֹר Gen 1:22 +, etc.; Participle active אֹמֵר Gen 32:10 +, etc.; passive הֶאָמוּר Mic 2:7, but this grammatically indefensible, read הֶאָמוֺר, Infinitive absolute with ה interrogative, see DrExpositor, April, 1887, 263.

1. Say (subject God Gen 3:1 + or man Gen 32:5, serpent Gen 3:1, ass Num 22:28, horse יאֹמַר הֶאָח Job 39:25 etc.; inanimate things, personified Job 28:14 compare vJob 28:22 etc.; so in allegory or fable Judg 9:8; 2Kgs 14:9 etc.; especially in narration, וַיּאֹמֶר etc., Gen 4:6 + very often): mostly followed by thing said, either substantive Jer 14:17 (c. clause app.) Deut 27:16f.; Judg 12:6 pronoun Gen 44:16; 2Kgs 20:14 +; or (usually) clause Gen 1:3; Gen 3:1; Gen 37:20 + often (oratio recta [direct speech]); with adverb thus, so Gen 32:5; Num 20:14; 1Kgs 20:3; 1Kgs 20:5 + often; especially ׳כֹּה אָמַר י Exod 5:1; Exod 7:17; Exod 8:1; Exod 8:20; 1Chr 17:4 + often; the person addressed usually introduced by אֶל Gen 3:1; Gen 15:7; Gen 22:7; Lev 21:1; 2Sam 3:7; 1Kgs 12:5; 1Kgs 12:23, or לְ Gen 3:13; Gen 4:15; 1Sam 20:2; 2Sam 2:21; 1Kgs 14:2 + often; rarer combinations are, בְּאָזְנֵי ׳א Isa 49:20 (compare Isa 5:9 & see דבר); לִפְנֵי ׳א Ezek 28:9 לְעֵינֵי ׳א Deut 31:7; Josh 10:12; Jer 28:11 בְּ ׳א Joel 2:17; Ps 126:2, where בְּ local; in all cases usually followed by direct object of words said, Exod 19:25 being very singular; Gen 4:8 the object-clause has probably fallen out, compare Vrss Di; = mention, name, designate Gen 22:2; Gen 22:3; Gen 43:27; Gen 43:29; Exod 32:13; Num 14:40; 1Sam 10:16; 1Sam 16:3; 2Sam 6:22; Neh 6:19 compare Ps 139:20 יֹמְרוּךָ לִמְזִמָּה speak of thee for falsehood (but many, as Hup Pe Dy Che, read יַמְרוּךָ); = tell, declare, proclaim, (followed by direct object only) Ps 40:11; Ezek 13:7 in reply to question = answer Exod 12:27; Josh 4:7; 1Kgs 9:9; Jer 5:19; Jer 22:9. The object spoken of may be referred to by אֶל 2Kgs 19:32; Jer 22:18; Jer 27:19, or לְ Gen 20:13 אִמְרִי לִֹי say of me, etc. Deut 33:9; Judg 9:54; Isa 5:20; Ps 3:3; Ps 71:10, very rarely by a simple accusative Isa 3:10 (where read probably for אִמְרוּ, אַשְׁרֵי), except after אֲשֶׁר where the words used follow (compare אֲשֶׁר 4 d) Gen 3:17; Num 10:29; Num 14:31; Deut 28:68; Judg 7:4; 1Sam 9:17; 1Sam 9:23b 1Kgs 8:29; Lam 4:20 compare Num 21:16; 2Kgs 17:12; 2Kgs 21:4, & (two extreme cases) Isa 8:12; Lam 2:15 (see DrSm i. 24, 5); ֶ˜האָמוּר Mic 2:7 read infinitive absolute with ה interrogative הֶאָמוֺר (see above) shall one say ? shall it be said ? After another verb of saying, introducing thing said: Deut 21:7; Deut 25:9; Deut 27:15; Song 2:10 +, even after אמר Gen 22:7; Lev 21:1; Jer 34:2; Esth 7:5 +; especially infinitive לֵאמֹר, after דבר Gen 8:15, צוה Gen 2:16, ענה Gen 44:16, ברך Gen 1:22, נשׁבע Gen 24:7, נדר Gen 28:20, etc.; after אמר 2Sam 3:18; 1Kgs 12:23; Ruth 4:4; 1Chr 21:18 +; after שׁלח 2Chr 35:21, שׁוּב Gen 32:7 compare also Gen 28:6; Gen 9:5; Gen 13:8; Gen 17:4; Deut 13:7; Judg 8:15; 1Sam 23:2; 1Kgs 13:3; Jer 32:3; Jer 37:9 +; also when subject of לֵאמֹר differs from that of pre-ceding clause Gen 31:1; Gen 38:13; Gen 38:24 etc.; after שׁמע Isa 37:9 = 2Kgs 19:9.

2. Say in the heart (= think) בלבב ׳א Deut 8:17 compare 1Kgs 12:26; Ps 10:6; Ps 10:11; Ps 10:13; Ps 14:1; Ps 35:25; Isa 14:13; Isa 47:8; Isa 47:10; Isa 49:21; Eccl 2:1; Eccl 2:15; Eccl 3:17; Eccl 3:18 לִלְבָבָם ׳א Hos 7:2 אֶללִֿבּוֺ ׳א Gen 8:21 said unto his heart (to himself), subject ׳י, compare 1Sam 27:1 אָֽמְרָה נַפֲשִׁי Lam 3:24 thence ׳א alone Gen 20:11; Gen 26:9; Num 24:11; Ruth 4:4; 1Sam 20:26; 2Sam 5:6; 2Sam 12:22; 2Kgs 5:11 followed by clause with כִּי Judg 15:2 in particular = desire מַהתּֿאֹמַר נַפְשְׁךָ 1Sam 20:4 compare Esth 2:13 followed by infinitive = purpose, Exod 2:14 thinkest thou to kill me, as thou killedst the Egyptian ? Josh 22:33; 1Sam 30:6; 1Kgs 5:19; 2Chr 28:10; 2Chr 28:13 expect 2Sam 21:16 he expected to slay David 2Chr 13:8; 2Chr 32:1.

3. Promise (followed by infinitive) 1Chr 27:23; 2Chr 21:7; Esth 4:7 (id. + ל of person) 2Kgs 8:19; Neh 9:15 (followed by accusative of direct object + ל of person + infinitive of purpose) Neh 9:23.

4. Command (especially late) followed by אֶלֿ of per-son addressed, Num 15:38; 1Chr 21:18 followed by ל Josh 11:9; 2Sam 16:11; 2Kgs 4:24; Job 9:7; Ps 106:34 (see below אֲשֶׁר 8 e); followed by infinitive 1Sam 24:11; 1Chr 21:17; 2Chr 1:18; 2Chr 29:27; 2Chr 29:30; 2Chr 31:11; 2Chr 35:21; Esth 1:17; Esth 4:13; Esth 4:15; Esth 6:1; Esth 9:14 followed by infinitive + ל of pers, 2Chr 14:3; 2Chr 29:21; 2Chr 31:4; followed by accusative direct object 2Chr 29:24 the king commanded the burnt-offering and the sin-offering, compare 1Kgs 5:20; Esth 2:15 followed by clause with אשׁר = that Neh 13:19 id. + ל of person vNeh 13:22 followed by clause with כִּי Job 36:10 absolute 1Sam 16:16 (read however probably יאמרו for יאמר, compare Dr); also Ps 105:31; Ps 105:34; Ps 107:25; 1Chr 14:12; 2Chr 24:8; Neh 13:9; Neh 13:19 (all followed by verb consecutive); command by letter עִםהַֿסֵּפֶר ׳א Esth 9:25 (followed by imperfect); appoint, assign לוֺ ׳לֶחֶם א 1Kgs 11:18 = threaten followed by infinitive Deut 9:25; Ps 106:23. Niph`al Perfect נֶאֱמַר Dan 8:26 Imperfect יֵאָמֵר Gen 22:14 +; יֵאָ֫מֶר לוֺ Isa 4:3 יֵאָמַ֑ר Gen 10:9 +; וַיֵּאָמַ֑ר Josh 2:2 be said, told Gen 10:9; Gen 22:14; Ps 87:5; Jer 4:11; Jer 16:14 (all absolute, indefinite subject, of current saying); so said in a book Num 21:14 be related, told, of vision Dan 8:26 said, told to (followed by ל indirect object) Josh 2:2; Hos 2:1 (twice in verse); Zeph 3:16 either so, or told concerning Num 23:23; Ezek 13:12 (אֶלֿ); יֵאָמֵר לָכֶם = ye shall be called (it shall be said to you) Isa 61:6 (|| תִּקָּרְאוּ), compare Isa 4:3; Isa 19:18; Isa 32:5 (|| יִקָּרֵא ל) Isa 62:4 (twice in verse); hence be called, of Tophet לֹאיֵֿאָמֵר עוֺד הַתֹּפֶת Jer 7:32 subject שֵׁם Gen 32:29; Job 34:31 כִּי אֶלאֵֿל הֶאָמַר, Rabb (compare AV) treat הֵאָמַר as Niph`al Infinitive for לְהֵאָמֵר, but against grammar; the form as it stands is Qal Perfect, אֶלאֵֿל being prefixed to the interrogative for emphasis (compare Jer 22:15; Jer 23:26; Neh 13:27), see Dr§ 9 Di and others; Hoffm., however, reads הֵאָמֵר infinitive absolute = imperative 'so must one speak (it be spoken) to God.' Hiph`il Perfect avow, avouch Deut 26:17 הֶאֱמַרְתָּ הַיּוֺם לִהְיוֺת לְךָ לֵאלֹהִים ׳אֶתיֿ; vDeut 26:18 ׳וי הֶאֱמִירְךָ היום להיות לוֺ לְעַם (literally cause to declare, i.e. through agency of Moses; on this & other interpretations see Di). Hithpa`el Imperfect יִתְאַמְּרוּ Ps 94:4 subject כָּלפֹּֿעֲלֵי אָ֑וֶן act proudly, boast (|| יַבִּיעוּ יְדַבְּרוּ עָתָק probably also 2 masculine plural תִּתְיַמָּ֑רוּ Isa 61:6 (in good sense, followed by בְּ of thing gloried in) ᵑ6 ᵑ9 ᵑ7 & compare ᵐ5; GesComm. so De Che Köi. 457 f. (from [ימר] exchange Thes Hi Kn Ew Di; but see ימר, מור).

BDB9309 H560 H559

BDB9308 | BIBLICAL ARAMAIC | BDB9310

אֲמַר71 verb say, tell, command (Biblical Hebrew אָמַר); —

Pe Perfect 3 masculine singular ׳א Dan 2:12 +, אֲמַ֑ר Dan 7:1 3 feminine singular אֲמֶ֫רֶר Dan 5:10 (K§ 38, 1 a); 1 singular אַמְרֵת Dan 4:5 1 plural אֲאַ֫רְנָא Dan 5:4; Dan 5:9, etc.; Imperfect 3 masculine singular יֵאמַר (K§ 41) Dan 2:7 +; 2 masculine plural תֵּאמְרוּן Jer 10:11, etc.; Imperative masculine singular אֱמַר Jer 2:4 +; masculine plural אֱמַרוּ Jer 2:9 Infinitive לְמֵאמַר vJer 2:9, לְמֵמַ֑ר Ezra 5:11 (K§ 41 a); Participle אְמַר Dan 2:5 + often, plural אָֽמְרִין Dan 3:4; Ezra 5:3 +; —
1. say (often in phrase answer and say): followed by oratio recta [direct speech] (only), Dan 2:7; Dan 2:10 + 13 t. Daniel; Ezra 5:11 + ל person Dan 2:5; Dan 3:14 + 14 t. Daniel [plural with indefinite subject for passive Dan 4:28], Ezra 5:15 + קְָדָס person Dan 2:9; Dan 5:17; Dan 6:13; Dan 6:14 + כֵּן Dan 4:11; Dan 7:23, כֵּן with ל person Ezra 5:8; Dan 2:24; Dan 2:25; Dan 6:7, compare Dan 7:5 + כְּנֵמָא with ל person Ezra 5:4; Ezra 5:9 + כִּדְנָךְ with ל person Jer 10:11 followed by accusative of thing + עַל person against whom Dan 3:29.
2. relate, tell: followed by accusative of thing Dan 4:6; Dan 4:15; Dan 7:1, + ל person Dan 2:4; Dan 2:9; Dan 2:7; Dan 7:16 (accusative of thing omitted), + קְָדָם person Dan 2:36; Dan 4:4; Dan 4:5.
3. command: followed by infinitive Dan 2:12; Dan 2:46 + 6 t. Daniel; followed by finite verb Dan 5:29; Dan 6:17; Dan 6:23 followed by ל person + or. rect. Dan 3:4 [pl. with indefinite subject, for passive, K§ 76 e, so Dan 4:23].

said, saying, saith, say, spake, …
ʾāmar
to say (used with great latitude)
  • to say, speak, utter
    • (Qal) to say, to answer, to say in one's heart, to think, to command, to promise, to intend
      • "(Niphal) to be told, to be said, to be called"(Hithpael) to boast, to act proudly"(Hiphil) to avow, to avouch

כִּֽי
כִּֽי
Conjunction for, that, because, but, when, …
Dictionary form: כִּי · kee

Conjunction

In the KJV here: that
for ×2058 that ×621 because ×373 but ×221 when ×190 if ×94 and if ×49 though ×39
More options
because — Causal; explains the reason for a preceding statement.
that — Complementary/content clause; introduces indirect speech or thought.
since — Causal with a presupposed background fact.
when — Temporal; use where כִּי marks time rather than cause.
if — Conditional; use in hypothetical or legal-style clauses.
although — Concessive; acknowledges a contrasting reality.

BDB3937 H3587 H3588

BDB3936 | BIBLICAL HEBREW | BDB3938

כִּי noun [masculine] burning, branding (for form, compare רִי from רָוָה, אִי, צִי, עִי: Köii. 1. 64) — only כִּי תַּחַת יֹ֑פִי Isa 3:24 branding instead of beauty, in judgment on women of Jerusalem.

BDB3995 H3588 H518

BDB3994 | BIBLICAL HEBREW | BDB3996

כִּי conjunction that, for, when (Moabite id,: Phoenician כ. Probably from the same demonstrative basis found in here, and in certain pronouns, as Aramaic דֵּךְ this (WSG 110 f.); perhaps also ultimately akin with that, in order that, and then, enclitic, like Latin nam in quisnam?) —

1. that (ὅτι, German dass):
  a. prefixed to sentences depending on an active verb, and occupying to it the place of an accusative: so constantly, after verbs of seeing, as Gen 1:10 וַיַּרְא אֱלֹהִים כִּי טוֺב and God saw that it was good, Gen 3:6; Gen 6:2; Gen 6:5; Gen 12:14 + often, hearing Gen 14:14; Gen 29:33, knowing Gen 22:12; Gen 24:14, telling Gen 3:11; Gen 12:18, repenting Gen 6:6; Gen 6:7, swearing Gen 22:16; Jer 22:5, believing Exod 4:5; Lam 4:12, remembering Ps 78:35, forgetting Job 39:15 אָמַר = command (late; in early Hebrew the words said are quoted) Job 36:10; Job 36:24 (זְכֹר in a command) Job 37:20 b 1Chr 21:18 (contrast 2Sam 24:18) etc.; טוֺב כּי it is good that ... 2Sam 18:2 + (usually the infinitive with, as Gen 2:18 see ibid.); Gen 37:26 מַהבֶּֿצַע כִּי נַהֲרֹג what profit that we should slay (imperfect)...? Mal 3:14 what proft כִּי שָׁמַרְנוּ that we have kept (perfect)...? Job 22:3 הַחֵפֶץ לְשַׁדַּי כִּי is it pleasure to Shaddai that...? after a pronoun, as Ps 41:12 by this I know that thou hast pleasure in me, that my enemy cannot triumph over me, Ps 42:5 these things will I remember...that (or how) I used to go, etc., Ps 56:10 this I know that God is for me Job 13:16 (הוא). And with כִּי repeated pleonastic after an intervening clause 2Sam 19:7; Jer 26:15 +; כִּי ֗֗֗ וְכִי Gen 3:6; Gen 29:12; Exod 4:31; Josh 2:9; Josh 8:21; Josh 10:1; 1Sam 31:7; 2Sam 5:12; 1Kgs 11:21; Jer 40:7; Jer 40:11 לֵאמֹר ֗֗֗ וְכִי Gen 45:26; Judg 10:10.
  b. כִּי often introduces the direct narration (like , , and the Greek ὅτι recitativum, e.g. Luke 4:21), in which case it cannot be represented in English (except by inverted commas), Gen 21:30; Gen 29:33 and she said, ׳כִּי שׁמע י Yahweh hath heard, etc.; Exod 3:12 = Judg 6:16 and he said, כִּי אֶהְיֶה עִמָּ֑ךְ I will be with thee, Josh 2:24; 1Sam 2:16 (see Dr) 1Sam 10:19 and ye have said to him, כִּי מֶלָךְ תָּשִׂים עָלֵינוּ Thou shalt set a king over us, 2Sam 11:23; 1Kgs 1:13; 1Kgs 20:5; Ruth 1:10, compare Ruth 2:21 (but in reply to a question כִּי may = because, see below 3; and so also in sentences giving the explanation of a proper name, Gen 26:22; Gen 29:32 (but De surely: see below), Exod 2:10 (compare Gen 4:25; Gen 41:51; Gen 41:52); in כִּי מָה, introducing an expostulation, 1Sam 29:8; 1Kgs 11:22; 2Kgs 8:13, it gives the reason for a suppressed 'Why do you say this?').
  c. especially after an oath חַי אָ֫נִי, ׳חַי י etc., introducing the fact sworn to, Gen 42:16 by the life of Pharaoh, כִּי מְרַגְּלִים אַתֶּם (I say) that ye are spies; but though Hebrew usage probably gave it an asseverative force, English idiom does not require it to be expressed: Num 14:22; 1Sam 20:3 as ׳י liveth, כִּי כְפֶשַׂע בֵּינִי וּבֵין הַמָּוֶת there is but a step between me and death! 1Sam 26:16; 1Sam 29:6; Isa 49:18 +; 1Sam 14:44 כֹּהיַֿעֲשֶׂה אֱלֹהִים וְכֹה יוֺסִיף כִּי מוֺת תָּמוּת thus may God do and more also: thou shalt surely die! 2Sam 3:35; 1Kgs 2:23; Ruth 1:17 and elsewhere — Note that כִּי when thus used is often repeated after an intervening clause, in order that its force may be fully preserved: Gen 1:39 כִּי מוֺת יָמוּת (אִםיֶֿשְׁנוֺ בְּיוֺנָתָן בְּנִי) כִּי ׳חַי י 1Sam 25:34; 2Sam 2:27 ׳כִּי אָז וג (לוּלֵא דִּבַּרְתָּ) כִּי, 2Sam 3:9; 2Sam 15:21 Qr 1Kgs 1:30; Jer 22:24.
  d. כִּי is used sometimes with advs. and interjs. to add force or distinctness to the affirmation which follows:
   (a) so especially in אַף כִּי (see אַף); הֲכִי is it that . . .? (as a neutral interrogative) 2Sam 9:1, (expecting a negative answer) Gen 29:15 is it that thou art my brother, and shalt (therefore) serve me for nothing? Job 6:22 is it that I have said, Give unto me? expressing surprise Gen 27:36 is it that he is called Jacob, and has (hence) supplanted me twice? 2Sam 23:19 an affirm. answer is required (which would imply הֲלֹא כִי): read probably with the || 1Chr 11:25 הִנּוֺ be-hold, he, etc.; אִםלֹֿא כִּי Deut 32:30 were it not that .. .; אָמְנָם כִּי Job 12:2 of a truth (is it) that ye are the people, etc.; אַךְ כִּי 1Sam 8:9 אֶפֶם כִּי Num 13:28 +; גַּם כִּי Ruth 2:21 הֲלֹא כִי 1Sam 10:1 (but see ᵐ5 Dr), 2Sam 13:28 הִנֵּה כִי Ps 128:4 compare Ps 118:10 כִּי אֲמִיַ˜לם ׳בְּשֵׁם י in the name of ׳י (is it) that — or (I say) that — I will mow them down; Job 39:27 doth the vulture mount up at thy command, וְכִי יָרִים קִנּוֺ and (is it) that it (so) makes high its nest? Isa 36:19 have the gods of the nations delivered each his land etc.? . . . וְכִי הִצִּילוּ i.e. (Hi) and (is it) that they have delivered Samaria out of my hand? > (Ew§ 354 c De Di) and that they have delivered Samaria out of my hand! = how much less (אַף כִּי) have they, etc.! (|| 2Kgs 18:34 כִּי alone, perhaps conformed by error to v2Kgs 18:35; 2Chr 32:15 אַף כִּי, which however does not decide the sense of the original וְכִי). 1Chr 29:14 וְכִי מִי read ומי or כי מי
   (b) in introducing the apodosis, especially in כִּי עַתָּה (chiefly after לוּלֵא) indeed then . . ., Gen 31:42; Gen 43:10 for unless we had tarried כִּי עַתָּה שַׁבְנוּ surely then we had returned twice, Num 22:33 (read לוּלֵי for אוּלַי); so 1Sam 14:30 ᵐ5 (after לוּא), and 1Sam 13:13 Hi We (לֻא for לֹא); after אִם Job 8:6 surely then he will awake over thee, etc. (But elsewhere כִּי עַתָּה is simply for now, Gen 29:32; Job 7:21 +; or for then = for in that case, Exod 9:15; Num 22:29; Job 3:13; Job 6:3 +). It is dubious whether כִּי אָז has the same sense: for 2Sam 2:27; 2Sam 19:7 the כִּי in כִּי אָז may be merely resumptive of the כִּי recitation preceding (see a, c). Rare otherwise: Exod 22:22 if thou afflict him כִּי אִםצָֿעֹק יִצְעַק 'tis that (= indeed), if he cries unto me, I will hear him, Isa 7:9 if ye believe not כִּי לֹא תֵאֵָ˜מנוּ ׃ indeed ye will not be established.
  e. there seem also to be other cases in which כִּי, standing alone, has an intensive force, introducing a statement with emphasis, yea, surely, certainly (German ja — a lighter particle than these English words): see in AV RV Exod 18:11; Num 23:23; 1Sam 17:25; 1Sam 20:26; 2Kgs 23:22; Isa 32:13; Isa 60:9; Jer 22:22; Jer 31:19; Hos 6:9; Hos 8:6; Hos 9:12; Hos 10:3; Amos 3:7; Ps 76:11; Ps 77:12 (Ew Che), Prov 30:2 (but not if construed as RVm), Eccl 4:16; Eccl 7:7; Eccl 7:20; Job 28:1 +; Lam 3:22 (ᵑ6 ᵑ7 Ew Th Öttli) the mercies of ׳י, surely they are not consumed (read probably תַמּוּ or תָֽמְמוּ for תמנו), Ruth 3:12 כִּי אָמְנָם yea, indeed. But it is doubtful whether כִּי has this force in all the passages for which scholars have had recourse to it, and whether in some it is not simply = for. DeProv 30:1 would restrict the usage to cases in which a suppressed clause may be understood. feminine that, expressing consecution, especially after a question implying surprise or deprecation: followed by perf., Gen 20:9 what have I sinned against thee כִּי הֵבֵאתָ עָלַי that thou hast brought upon me? 1Sam 22:8; Isa 22:1 what aileth thee, that thou art gone up, etc.? vIsa 22:16; Isa 36:5; Isa 52:5; Mic 4:9; Hab 2:18 followed by participle Judg 14:3; 1Sam 20:1; 1Kgs 18:9 how have I sinned that thou art giving, etc.? 2Kgs 5:7; Ezek 24:19 usually followed by imperfect Exod 3:11 who am I כִּי אֵלֵךְ that I should go, etc.? Exod 16:7; Judg 8:6; Judg 9:28; 2Kgs 8:13; Isa 7:13; Isa 29:16 (also perfect), Ps 8:5 what is man כִּי תִזְכְּרֶנּוּ? Job 3:12 or why the breasts כִּי אִינָָֽק ׃ that I should suck? Job 6:11 מַהכֹּֿחִי כִּי אִַיַחֵל, Job 7:12; Job 7:17; Job 10:5f.; Job 13:25f.; Job 15:12f; Job 15:14; Job 16:3; Job 21:15 +; after a negative, Gen 40:15 here also I have done nothing כִּי שָׂמוּ that they should have placed me in the dungeon, Ps 44:19f. our heart has not turned backward, etc. כִּי דִכִּיתָנוּ that thou shouldst have crushed us, etc., Isa 43:22 not me hast thou called on, כִּי יָגַעְתָּ בִּי that thou shouldst have wearied thyself with me, Hos 1:6 (see RV), Job 41:2; Ruth 1:12 I am too old to have an husband כִּי אָמַרְתִּי that I should have said, etc. (compare Ew§ 337 a; Dr§ 39 δ).
  g. added to preps. כִּי converts them, like אֲשֶׁר, into conjs. ..., as יַעַן כִּי because that...: see below יַעַן, עַד, עַל, עֵקֶב, תַּחַת.

2. a. Of time, when, of the past וַיְהִי כִּי Gen 6:1 (compare BuUrg. 6), Gen 26:8; Gen 27:1; 2Sam 6:13; 2Sam 7:1; 2Sam 19:26 + (כַּאֲשֶׁר and especially כְּ with infinitive, are more frequently); וְהָיָה כִּי (simple וְ) 1Sam 1:12; 1Sam 17:48; Josh 22:7; Judg 2:18; Judg 12:5 והיה כי יאמרו and it would be, whenever (frequently) they said, Jer 44:19 (participle), Hos 11:1; Ps 32:3 כי החרשׁתי when I was silent, Job 31:21; Job 31:26; Job 31:29 of present (usually with imperfect) as Exod 18:16 כִּי יִהְיֶה לָהֶם דָּבָר when they have a matter, 1Sam 24:20; Isa 1:12; Isa 30:21; Jer 14:12; Zech 7:5; Zech 7:6; Mal 1:8; Ps 49:19 and men praise thee כִּי תֵיטִיב לָ֑ךְ when thou doest well to thyself, Ps 102:1; Ps 127:5 +, with perfect Ezek 3:19-21; Ezek 33:9; Prov 11:15; Prov 23:22 especially of future, as Gen 4:12 כִּי תַעֲבֹד אֶתהָֿאֲדָמָה when thou shalt till the ground it shall not, etc., Gen 24:41; Gen 30:33; Gen 31:49; Gen 32:18; Exod 7:9 when Pharaoh shall speak unto you, Deut 4:25; Deut 6:20 +; in phrase (׳תאֹמַר וג) וְכִי תאֹמְרוּ Lev 25:20; Deut 18:21; Isa 8:19; Isa 36:7; Jer 13:22 and especially in ... וְהָיָה כִּי Gen 12:12; Gen 46:33; Deut 6:10; Deut 15:16; 1Sam 10:7; 1Sam 25:30; Isa 8:21; Isa 10:12 + often; with perfect Isa 16:12; 1Chr 17:11 (altered from imperfect 2Sam 7:12); with participle (unusual) Num 33:51; Num 34:2; Deut 11:31; Deut 18:9.
  b. elsewhere כִּי has a force approximating to if, though it usually represents a case as more likely to occur than אִם: — (mostly with imperfect) Gen 38:16; Num 5:20; Num 10:32; Deut 6:25; Deut 7:17; Deut 28:2; Deut 28:13; 1Sam 20:13; 2Sam 19:8; 2Kgs 4:29; 2Kgs 18:22; Jer 38:15; Prov 4:8; Job 7:13 (כי אמרתי when I say), Job 19:28 often in laws, as Exod 21:14; Exod 21:33; Exod 21:35; Exod 21:37; Exod 22:4; Exod 22:5 etc., Deut 13:13; Deut 14:24; Deut 15:7; Deut 15:12; Deut 17:2; Deut 18:6; Deut 18:21 etc.; sometimes, in particular, to state a principle broadly, after which special cases are introduced by אִם, as Exod 21:2 when (כִּי) thou buyest a Hebrew servant, he shall serve thee six years, after which vExod 21:3-5 follow four special cases with אִם if: so Exod 21:7 (כי), vExod 21:8-11 (אם); vExod 21:18 (כי), vExod 21:19 (אם); vExod 21:20 (כי), vExod 21:21 (אם); vExod 21:22 f; vExod 21:28-32; Lev 1:2 (כי), vLev 1:3 vLev 1:10 (אם) Lev 4:2; Lev 4:3; Lev 4:13; Lev 4:27; Lev 4:32; Lev 13:2ff. Num 30:3ff. +; though this distinction is not uniformly observed, contrast e.g. Exod 21:5 with Deut 15:16; Num 5:19 and vNum 5:20. —
N.B. with כִּי = when or if, the subject is often prefixed for distinctness and emphasis: 1Kgs 8:37 רָעָב ׳כִּייִֿהְיֶה בָאָרֶץ דֶּבֶר כִּי יִהְיֶה וג, Isa 28:18; Mic 5:4 אַשּׁוּר כִּייָֿבאֹ בְאַרְצֵנוּ, Ps 62:11; Ezek 3:19 (וְאַתָּה), Ezek 14:9; Ezek 14:13; Ezek 18:5; Ezek 18:18; Ezek 18:21; Ezek 33:6 (compare vEzek 33:2); and especially in laws of P, as כִּי ֗֗֗ אָדָם Lev 1:2; Lev 13:2, ... נֶפֶשׁ כִּי Lev 2:1; Lev 4:2; Lev 5:1; Lev 5:4; Lev 5:15, similarly Lev 15:2; Lev 15:16; Lev 15:19; Lev 15:25; Lev 22:12; Lev 22:13; Lev 22:14 etc., rather differently Num 5:20.
  c. when or if, with a concessive force, i.e. though: —
   (a) with imperfect Jer 4:30 (3 t. in verse); Jer 14:12; Jer 49:16 כִּיתַֿגְבִּיהַּ כַּנֶּשֶׁר קִנֶּ֑ךָ though thou make high like the vulture thy nest, I will bring thee down thence, Jer 51:53; Hos 13:15; Zech 8:6; Ps 37:24; Ps 49:19f. though in his lifetime he bless himself ... he shall come, etc., perhaps also Jer 46:23 Ew (but Hi Gf Ke for), Jer 50:11 Ew Ke (Hi yea); and strengthened by גַּם, גַּם כִּי Isa 1:5; Ps 23:4 (compare Dr§ 143);
   (b) with perf. (rare) Mic 7:8 כִּי נָפַלְתִּי קָ֑מְתִּי though I have fallen, I rise, Nah 1:10 (si vera 1.), Ps 21:12 (Hi Ew Now), Ps 119:88 (Ew De).

3. Because, since ὅτι —
  a. Gen 3:14 because thou hast done this, cursed art thou, etc., vGen 3:17; Gen 18:20; Gen 17:20 the cry of Sodom and Gomorrah — because it is great ... (subject prefixed for emphasis: compare 2
N.B.) Isa 28:15 in answer to a question, Gen 27:20; Exod 1:19; Exod 18:15; 2Sam 19:43 +. Enunciating the conditions under which a future action is conceived as possible (German indem) Lev 22:9; Deut 4:29 כי תדרשׁנו, Deut 12:20 (see Dr), vDeut 12:25 vDeut 12:28; Deut 13:19; Deut 14:24; Deut 16:15; Deut 19:6; Deut 19:9 +, 1Kgs 8:35 (compare v1Kgs 8:33 אֲשֶׁר), v1Kgs 8:36 כִּי תוֺרֵם, Prov 4:8b.
  b. more commonly the causal sentence follows, as Gen 2:3 and God blessed the seventh day ׳כִּי בוֺ שָׁבַת וג because on it he rested, etc., Gen 4:25 etc., in which case it may often be rendered for, Gen 2:5; Gen 2:28; Gen 3:20; Gen 5:24; Gen 6:7; Gen 6:12; Gen 6:13; Ps 6:3 heal me כִּי נִבְהֲלוּ עֲצָמָ֑י for my bones are vexed, Ps 10:14; Ps 25:16; Ps 27:10 + very often specifically after verbs expressive of mental emotions, as rejoicing Isa 14:29; Ps 58:11, being angry Gen 31:35; Gen 45:5, fearing Gen 43:18; Ps 49:17 etc. Iron. 1Kgs 18:27 for he is a god etc. (4 t.); Prov 30:4; Job 38:5 כִּי תֵדָ֑ע for or since thou knowest. With subject prefixed Ps 128:2. Repeated (with anacoluthon) Isa 49:19.
  c. the causal relation expressed by כִּי is sometimes subtle, especially in poetry, and not apparent without careful study of a passage. Thus sometimes it justifies a statement or description by pointing to a pregnant fact which involves it, as Isa 3:8a Job 6:21 (ground of the comparison vJob 6:15-20), Job 14:16 (For...: ground of the wishes expressed vJob 14:13-15), Job 16:22 (ground of vJob 16:20f.) Job 30:26 (For ...), or by pointing to a general truth which it exemplifies Job 5:6 (reason why complaining vJob 5:2-5 is foolish), Job 15:34; Job 23:14 sometimes it is explicative, justifying a statement by unfolding the particulars which establish or exemplify it 2Sam 5:7; 2Sam 7:8; Isa 9:4; Isa 10:8-11; Isa 13:10 (development of vIsa 13:9a); Isa 32:6 f. (developing the characters of the נָבָל and כִּילַי, and so explaining why they will no longer be esteemed vIsa 32:5); Job 11:16ff. (explicit of vJob 11:15b), Job 18:8 ff. (justifying vJob 18:7), Job 22:26 ff. (justifying vJob 22:25); elsewhere the cause is expressed indirectly or figuratively Isa 2:6 (reason why invitation vIsa 2:5 is needed), Isa 5:10 (sterility of the soil the cause of the desolation vIsa 5:9), Isa 18:5; Isa 28:8 (proof of the intoxication vIsa 28:7), Isa 31:7 (reason for the exhortation vIsa 31:6: the certainty that the folly of idolatry will soon be recognized), Job 7:21 (for soon it will be too late to pardon), Job 27:8-10 (Job wishes his enemy the lot of the wicked, because this is so hopeless); or כִּי relates not to the see which immediately precedes or follows, but to several, as Isa 7:16f. (Isa 7:17 specially the ground of the people being reduced to simple fare vIsa 7:15), Isa 21:6ff. (ground of the statements vIsa 21:1-5), Job 4:5 (ground of vJob 4:2), Job 14:7-12 (Job 14:10-12 specially the ground for the appeal in vJob 14:6), Job 23:10-13 (ground why God cannot be found vJob 23:8f.), Ps 73:21 (ground not of vPs 73:20, but of the general train of thought vPs 73:2); similarly Gen 4:24; Deut 18:14; Jer 30:11 the reason lies not in the words immediately after כִּי, but in the second part of the sentence; or, on the other hand, it may state the reason for a particular word, Isa 28:20 (justifying 'nought but terror' vIsa 28:19), Job 23:17 (God's hostility vJob 23:16 the cause of his misery, not the calamity as such). Sometimes also כִּי, in a poetic orrhetorical style, gives the reason for a thought not expressed but implied, especially the answer to a question; Isa 28:11 (the mockeries of vIsa 28:10 have a meaning) 'for with men of strange lips, etc. he will speak unto this people,' who will retort the mockeries, charged with a new and terrible meaning, upon those who uttered them (Isa 28:13); = (no,) for Isa 28:28 (see RVm), Job 22:2b no, he that is wise is profitable to himself, Job 31:18; Job 39:14 (see vJob 39:13b), Ps 44:24 (he cannot do this, vPs 44:23) for for thy sake are we killed, etc., Ps 130:4 no, with thee is forgiveness; = (yes,) for Isa 49:25 (see the question vIsa 49:24), Isa 66:8.
  d. כִּי ֗֗֗ כִּי ἀσυνδέτως sometimes introduce the proximate and ultimate cause respectively, Gen 3:19; Gen 26:7; Gen 43:32; Gen 47:20; Exod 23:33 for [else] thou wilt serve their gods, for it will be a snare to thee, Isa 2:6 (twice in verse); Isa 3:8 (twice in verse); Isa 6:5a, b; Isa 10:22f.; Job 6:3f.; Job 8:8; Job 8:9 (twice in verse); Job 24:17 (twice in verse); Job 29:11f.; sometimes they introduce two co-ordinate causes (where we should insert and), Exod 23:21; Exod 23:22; Isa 6:5b,c I am undone, because I am of unclean lips..., because mine eyes have seen ׳י of hosts, Isa 15:5 (twice in verse); Isa 15:6 (twice in verse); Isa 15:8; Isa 15:9; Zeph 3:8f.; Job 15:25; Job 15:27; Job 20:19f.; Job 31:11f. But כִּי ֗֗֗ וְכִי also occurs, Gen 33:11; Num 5:20 (if), Josh 7:15; Judg 6:30; 1Sam 19:4; 1Sam 22:17; 1Kgs 2:26; Isa 65:16 +.
  e. after a negative כִּי for becomes = but (German sondern): Gen 17:15 thou shalt not call her name Sarai, כִּי שָׂרָה שְׁמָהּ for (= but) Sarah shall be her name, Gen 24:3f.; Gen 45:8; Exod 1:19; Exod 16:8 not against us are your murmurings, ׳כי עליֿ for (they are) against ׳י = but against ׳י, Deut 21:17; 1Sam 6:3 (אַל), 1Sam 27:1 (see Dr), 1Kgs 21:17; Isa 10:7; Isa 28:27; Isa 29:23; Isa 30:5; Ps 44:8; Ps 118:17 + often; so in לא כי nay, for = nay, but, as Gen 18:15 לֹא כִּי צָחָֽקְתְּ nay, but thou didst laugh, Gen 19:2; Gen 42:12; Josh 5:14; 1Sam 2:16 MSS ᵐ5 (see Dr), 1Sam 12:12; 2Sam 16:18; 2Sam 24:24; 1Kgs 2:30; 1Kgs 3:22; 1Kgs 11:22; Isa 30:16 nay, but we will flee upon horses.

Note. — כִּי is sometimes of difficult and uncertain interpretation, and in some of the passages quoted a different explanation is tenable. Authorities especially read the Hebrew differently, when the choice is between for and yea. E.g. Isa 8:23 Ges Ew§ 330 b doch (no, but); Hi Di for (taking vIsa 8:22 as RVm); Ch surely: Isa 15:1 Ges Ew Hi Di surely; De for: Isa 39:8 Ges Hi De surely; Di for (explanation of טוֺב): Ezek 11:16 Hi Ke Co surely; Ew Sm because. — In Exod 20:25 the tense of וַתְּחַלֲלֶהָ makes it probably that כֹּי is for (Dr§ 153). Job 22:29 is taken with least violence to usage (גַּאֲוָה) as Hi When they humble thee, and thou sayest (= complainest) Pride! he will save, etc. כִּי אִםֿ (the אִם always followed by makkeph, except Gen 15:4; Num 35:33; Neh 2:2, where כִּיאִֿם is read by the Mass.: FrMM 241) —
1. each particle retaining its independent force, and relating to a different clause:
  a. that if Jer 26:15 after an oath (כִּי not translated: see כִּי 1 c) if 1Sam 14:39; Jer 22:24, surely not (אִם 1 b 2) 2Sam 3:35; 1Sam 25:34 (כִּי being resumptive of the כִּי before לוּלֵי: see כִּי 1 c); Exod 22:22 (in apodosis) indeed if . . . (see כִּי 1 d).
  b. for if Exod 8:17; Exod 9:2; Exod 10:4; +, for though Isa 10:22; Jer 37:20; Amos 5:22, but if Jer 7:5.

2. (About 140 t.) the two particles being closely conjoined, and relating to the same clause —
  a. limiting the preceding clause, except (after a negative, or an oath, or question, the equivalent of a negative) — the most usual term for expressing this idea: followed by verb Gen 32:27 I will not let thee go; כִּי אִםבֵּֿרַכְתָּֽנִי literally but (כִּי 3 e) if thou bless me (that is, I will let thee go), i.e., subordinating the second clause to the first, 'I will not let thee go, except thou bless me;' Lev 22:6 he shall not eat of the holy things כִּי אִםרָֿחַץ except he have washed his flesh, Isa 65:6; Amos 3:7; Ruth 3:18; Lam 5:21f. (Ew Näg Ke Che Öttli), turn thou us unto thee, etc., unless thou have utterly rejected us, (and) art very wroth with us (= Or hast thou utterly rejected us? etc. Ew Öttli); followed by a noun, except, but, Gen 28:17 this is nothing ׳כִּי אִםבֵּֿית הָאֱ but the house of God, Gen 32:9 he withholds from me nothing כִּי אִםאֿוֺתָךְ except thee, Lev 21:2; Num 14:30 (after אִם), Num 26:65 (compare Num 32:12 בִּלְתִּי), Josh 14:4; 1Sam 30:17; 1Sam 30:22; 2Sam 12:3 אֵין כֹּל כִּי אִםֿ (so 2Kgs 4:2), 2Kgs 19:29; 1Kgs 17:1 (after אִם), 1Kgs 22:31; 2Kgs 5:15; 2Kgs 9:35; 2Kgs 13:7; Jer 22:17; Jer 44:14 +; after אַל, 2Chr 23:6 followed by an adverb clause, Gen 42:15; Num 35:33; 2Sam 3:13 (but כִּי אִם and לִפְנֵי are mutually exclusive: read probably with ᵐ5 כִּי אִםהֵֿבֵיאתָ); after an interrogative Isa 42:19 who is blind כִּי אִםעַֿבְדִּי but my servant ? (who is blind in comparison with him ?), Deut 10:12; Mic 6:8; Eccl 5:10; 2Chr 2:5.
  b. the if being neglected, and treated as pleonastic (compare אִם 1 c), so that the clause is no longer a limitation of the preceding clause but a contradiction of it: but rather, but (= a slightly strengthened כִּי), Gen 15:4 this man shall not be thy heir; ׳כִּי אִםאֲֿשֶׁר וג but one that shall come forth from thy own bowels, he shall be thy heir (compare 1Kgs 8:19), 1Kgs 32:29 thy name shall no more be called Jacob כִּי אִםיִֿשְׂרָאֵל but Israel (compare כִּי alone 1Kgs 17:15), 1Kgs 47:18 we will not hide it from my lord, but the money . . . is all made over to, etc., Exod 12:9 not boiled in water, but roast with fire, Deut 7:5; Deut 12:5; Deut 16:6; Josh 23:8; 1Sam 2:15 he will not take of thee boiled flesh כִּי אִםחָֽֿי׃ but raw, 1Sam 8:19 לֹא כִּי אִםמֶֿלֶךְ יִהְיֶה עָלֵינוּ nay, but a king shall be over us (compare כי alone, 1Sam 10:19; 1Sam 12:12), 1Sam 21:5; 2Sam 5:6; 1Kgs 18:18; 2Kgs 10:23 (פֶּן), Isa 33:21; Isa 55:10; Isa 55:11; Isa 59:2; Jer 3:10; Jer 7:32; Jer 9:23; Jer 16:15; Jer 20:3; Jer 44:10; Ps 1:2; Ps 1:4; Prov 23:17 (אַל) Psalm +; with the principal verb repeated (as Gen 15:4; 1Kgs 8:19), Lev 21:14; Ezek 44:22; Num 10:30; 2Kgs 23:23; Jer 39:12 Kt (Qr omit אִם), compare Jer 7:23. Occasionally in colloquial language, the negative, it seems, is left to be understood: 1Sam 26:10 as ׳י liveth, (by no means,) כִּי אִם but ׳י shall smite him, 2Sam 13:33 Kt (by no means,) but Amnon alone is dead (Qr omits אִם). Followed by imperative Isa 65:18; Ezek 12:23; Jer 39:12; 2Chr 25:8. Sometimes also, though rarely (and not certainly), כִּי אִם appears to have the force of only even without a previous negative: Gen 40:14 כִּי אִםזְֿכַרְתָּנִי אִתְּךָ only have (?) me in remembrance with thyself (but read perhaps אַךְ for כִּי; see Dr§ 119 δ n., the use of a bare perfect, without לוּ, or even waw consecutive, to express a wish or command is unexampled), Num 24:22 כִּי אִםֿ יִהְיֶה לְבָעֵר קָֽיִן׃ only, nevertheless, the Kenite shall be for extermination (compare Di), Job 42:8 (De Di) כִּי אִםפָּֿנָיו אֶשָּׂא
  c. after an oath כִּי אִם appears to = a strengthened כִּי (compare בִּלְתִּי אִם, אִם ׃עַד אִם 1 c), introducing the fact sworn to (see כִּי 1 c): 2Kgs 5:20 as ׳י liveth, כִּי אִםרַֿצְתִּי surely I will run (perfect of certitude) after him, etc., Jer 51:14 (Ges Hi Gf RV) surley I will fill thee with men (namely, assailants), etc. (but Ew Ke Ch treat the particles as separate (כִּי as כִּי 1 c): though I have filled thee with men —; i.e. increased thy population, — yet shall they — the assailants — lift up the shout against thee), 2Sam 15:21 Kt (Qr omits אִם); after an assever. particle Ruth 3:12 Kt וְעַתָּה כִּי אָמְנָם כִּי אִם גּוֺאֵל אָנֹכִי and now, yea indeed, surely I am thy kinsman (Qr omits אִם); the oath being understood, Judg 15:7 if ye do thus, כִּי אִםנִֿקַּמְתִּי surely (Ges hercle) I will avenge myself, 1Sam 21:6 כִּי אִםאִֿשָּׁה עֲצֻרָה לָנוּ of a truth women have been kept from us, etc., 1Kgs 20:6 surely tomorrow I will send, etc., Prov 23:18 (see De) surely there is a reward; perhaps also Job 42:8.

BDB3996 H3588 H5921 H3651

BDB3995 | BIBLICAL HEBREW | BDB3997

כִּי עַל כֵּן forasmuch as, a peculiar phrase found Gen 18:5; Gen 19:8; Gen 33:10; Gen 38:26; Num 10:31; Num 14:43; Judg 6:22; 2Sam 18:20 Qr (rightly), Jer 29:28; Jer 38:4 — literally for therefore, emphasizing the ground pleonastically (Ew§ 353 a ). The original force of the phrase is traceable in some of the passages in which it occurs, as Gen 18:5 let me fetch a morsel of bread, and comfort your heart; כִּיעַֿלכֵּֿן עֲבַרְתֶּם עַל עַבְדְּכֶם for therefore (that is, to partake of such hospitality) are ye come to your servant, Num 14:43 the Amalekite and the Canaanite are there, and ye will fall by the sword, כִּיעַֿלכֵּֿן שַׁבְתֶּם for therefore (to encounter such a fate) have ye turned back from ׳י etc.: but in process of time the distinct sense of its component parts was no doubt gradually obscured, and it thus came to be used conventionally, as a mere particle of causation, even where there was no preceding statement to which עַל כֵּן therefore could be explicitly referred. אֲשֶׁר עַל כֵּן appears to be used similarly (compare אֲשֶׁר 8 c) Job 34:27.

BDB6199 H6258 H2088 H2009 H5704 H3588

BDB6198 | BIBLICAL HEBREW | BDB6200

עַתָּ֫ה435 (also Ezek 23:43; Ps 74:6 עת Kt, Qr עַתָּה), עָ֑֫תָּה Gen 32:5 +, adverb of time, now (properly accusative of [`int],עֵת (Köii. 260), at the time, in particular of the present time, i.e. now; compare German zur Zeit, Arabic at the time, i.e. now); — now:

1. a. Gen 12:19 ועתה הנה אשׁתך and now, behold thy wife, Gen 22:12 כי עתח ידעתי now, I know (so Exod 18:11; Judg 17:13; 1Kgs 17:24 [עַתָּה זֶה], Ps 20:7), Gen 26:22; Gen 26:29; Gen 27:36; Gen 31:13; Gen 31:28, etc., Exod 5:5 הך רבים עתה עם הארץ; whether in opposed to past time, as Gen 32:11; Josh 14:11 כְּכֹחִי אָז וּכְכֹחִי עָ֑תָּה, Judg 11:8; 1Kgs 12:4; Isa 1:21 ועתה מרצחים, Isa 16:14; Hos 2:9 כִּי טוֺב לִי אָז מַעָ֑תָּה, Hos 13:2, Job 30:1 +, or to future, as Num 24:17 אֶרְאֶנּוּ ולא עתה, Judg 8:6 חֲכַף עַתָּהכְּֿיָדֶ֑ךָ ׳זֶבַח וצ, 1Sam 2:16 כִּי עַתָּה תִּתֵּן; = after all Num 22:38; Judg 8:2 = now at last 2Sam 24:16; 1Kgs 19:4; 2Kgs 19:25; Hos 7:2; Jer 4:12 and in the phrase מעתה ועד עולם Isa 9:6; Isa 59:21; (see below), Ps 113:2; Ps 115:18; Ps 121:8; Ps 125:2; Ps 131:3.
  b. of the imminent or impending future: Gen 19:9 עַתָּה נָרַע לְךָ מַהֶם. Gen 29:32 כי עתה יאהבני אישׁי, vGen 29:34; Exod 6:1 עתה תראה, Num 11:23; Num 22:4; 2Sam 20:6; Isa 33:10 (Ps 12:6), Isa 43:19; Isa 49:19; Amos 6:7 לכן עתה יִגְלוּ, Isa 49:19; Mic 7:4; Mic 7:10; Dan 10:20 and especially ἀσυνδέτως in Hosea, introducing a punishment, Hos 4:16 ׳וגו ׳עתה יִרְעֵם י Hos 5:7; Hos 8:8; Hos 8:13 (Jer 14:10), Jer 10:2.
  c. of a time ideally present (= then, from our point of view): Isa 29:22 לא עתה יבושׁ יעקב, vb Hos 10:3; Mic 4:9; Mic 4:10; Mic 4:11; Mic 4:14; Mic 5:3.
  d. describing a present state = as things are: 1Sam 8:5 thou art old, etc., עתה שִׂימָה לנו מלך, 1Sam 9:6; 1Sam 13:12; 1Sam 14:30; 1Sam 25:7b; 1Sam 27:1 now I shall be swept away one day, etc., 2Kgs 18:20; 2Kgs 18:25; Job 6:21; Job 14:16; Job 16:7.
  e. with an Imperative, as an encouragement, implying that the time has come for the exhortation or advice to be followed, Gen 31:13 עתה קים צא, Exod 18:19 עתה שְׁמַע בקולי, Num 22:11; Deut 2:13; 1Sam 30:8.

2. Phrases:
  a. עַתָּה זֶה (זְה 4 h) 1Kgs 17:24; 2Kgs 5:22.
  b. ועתה and, now, or now, therefore (וְ 4), drawing a conclusion, especially (compare 1 e) a practical one, from what has been stated: Gen 3:22 and now (since man has once been disobedient), lest he put forth his hand, etc., Gen 20:7; Gen 20:23 וְעַתָּה הִשָּֽׁבְעָה לִי הֵ֫נָּה, Gen 27:3; Gen 27:8 ועתה בני שְׁמַע בקולי, Gen 30:30; Gen 31:16; Gen 31:44; Gen 37:20 + often, Isa 5:3; Isa 5:5; Ps 2:10; Gen 11:6 ׳ועתה לאֹיִֿבָּצֵר מֵהֶם וגו, Gen 31:30; Gen 45:8; 2Sam 19:11; Ps 39:8 ועתה מַהקִּֿזִּיתִי אֲדֹנָי, Isa 52:5,
  c. וְעַתָּה הִנֵּה stating the ground on which some conclusion or action is to be based, Exod 3:9; Josh 14:10 (twice in verse); 1Sam 12:2; 1Sam 24:21; 1Kgs 1:18; Jer 40:4 (with ועתה usually repeated afer the הנה-clause).
  d. גם עתה Gen 44:10; 1Sam 12:16; 1Kgs 14:14; Joel 2:12; Job 16:19.
  e. מֵעַתָּה from now, henceforth, Jer 3:4; Isa 48:6; Dan 10:17 (according to some, here = from just now), 2Chr 16:9 מעתה ועד עוּלּסּ, see above 1 a end. feminine עַדעַֿתָּה until now, Gen 32:5, ׳וֶאֵחַר עדעֿ, Deut 12:9 ׳אל הנחלה לא באתם עד ע (opposed to the future), 2Kgs 13:23 especially after clause with מִן, 2Kgs 46:34 ׳מִנְּעוּרֵינוּ וְעַדעֿ (2Sam 19:8; Ezek 4:14), Exod 9:18; 2Kgs 8:6; Ruth 2:7.
  g. כִּי עַתָּה for in this case, in our idiom, for them (עתה pointing to a condition assumed as a possible contingency: compare Dr§ 141, 142); (a) Exod 9:15 כי עתה ׳שׁלחתי וגו for then (if the intention expressed in vExod 9:14 had not existed) I should have put forth my hand, etc., Num 22:29 כי עתה הֲרַגְתִּיךְ, 1Sam 13:13; Job 3:13 followed by imperfect Job 6:3 for then (if it were weighed, vJob 6:2) it would be heavier, etc., Job 13:19 for then would I be silent and die; (b) after a protasis, surely then Gen 31:42 + (see כִּי 1 d b, p. 472). — Note. Read כְּמוֺ עַתָּ) (ᵐ5 ᵑ9) as now, for כְּמוֺ עֵת Ezek 16:57, עַתָּ נִשְׁבַּרְתְּ (ᵐ5 ᵑ6 ᵑ9) now art thou broken ! for עֵת נִשְׁבֶּרֶת Ezek 27:34, and probably עַתָּ בָּא (Hi We Kö Now, compare ᵐ5 ᵑ6) for עֶתבּֿאֹ Hag 1:2 also עַתָּה for אַתָּה 1Kgs 1:20, and אַתָּה for עַתָּה v1Kgs 1:18b 2Sam 18:3.

BDB6202 H3282 H834 H3588

BDB6201 | BIBLICAL HEBREW | BDB6203

יַעַן96 properly substantive, purpose, intention, but always used as preposition or conjunction, on account of, because (for יַעֲנֶה, of the form יִצְהָר etc., Sta§ 259 Köii. 403; compare mean, intend): —

1. as preposition, rarely with a substantive, Ezek 5:9 יַעַן תּוֺעֲבוֺתֵיכֶם, Hag 1:9 יַעַן מָה, vHag 1:9 יַעַן בֵּיתִי; with a participle Ezek 36:13 יען אמרים because of men saying to you (but read probablyאָמְרָם, Co Toy Berthol); frequently with infinitive with, 1Kgs 21:20 יַעַן הִתְמַכֶּרְךָ on account of thy having sold thyself, Amos 5:11; Isa 30:12; Isa 37:29 (= 2Kgs 19:28) יַעֵן הִתְרַגֶּזְךָ אֵלַי, Jer 5:14; Jer 7:13; Jer 23:38; Jer 48:7, and often. (c. 18 t.) in Ezek., as Jer 5:7 (read יַעַן הַמְ˜רֹתְכֶם), Jer 13:8; Jer 13:22; Jer 25:3; Jer 25:6; Jer 25:8; Jer 25:12.

2. As conjunction:
  a. יַעַן אֲשֶׁר (32 t.), usually with perfect, as Gen 22:16 יען אשׁר עשׂית זאת because that thou hast done this, Deut 1:36 (Josh 14:14), Judg 2:20; 1Sam 30:22; 1Kgs 3:11; 1Kgs 8:18; Jer 19:4; Jer 25:8; Jer 29:23 (not Isaiah) +; with imperfect (in frequent. sense) Ezek 44:12.
  b. יַען כִּי, Num 11:20 ׳יַעַן כִּי מְאַסְתֶּם אֶתיֿ, 1Kgs 13:21; 1Kgs 21:29; Isa 3:16; Isa 7:5; Isa 8:6; Isa 29:13.
  c. יַעַן alone (23 t.), with perfect Num 20:12 יַעַן לֹא הֶאֱמַנְתֶּם בִּי, 1Sam 15:23; 1Kgs 14:13; 1Kgs 20:42; 2Kgs 22:19; Hos 8:1; Isa 61:1; Isa 65:12; Isa 66:4 with imperfect (frequently) Ezek 34:21 of the future Ezek 12:12 because he shall not see, etc., (but ᵐ5 Co Kau Berthol לְמַעַן אשׁר לא יֵרָאֶה לָעַיִן): usually the verb follows immediately, but Ezek. sometimes puts the object first for emphasis, Ezek 5:11 יַעַן אֶתמִֿקְדָּשִׁי טִמֵּאתָ, Ezek 20:16; Ezek 20:24; Ezek 36:6, compare Ezek 34:21.

3. יַעַן וּבְיַעַן, q.d. because and by the cause (that), followed by perhaps, Lev 26:43 (H) יען וביען בְּמִשְׁפָּטַי מָאָ֔סוּ, Ezek 13:10 יַעַן בְּיַעַז followed by infinitive, Ezek 36:3. (In all, reckoning יען (ו)ביען once each, 93 t., of which 20 are in 1-2 Kings, 11 in Jeremiah, 38 in Ezekiel; and only 9 in Genesis—2Samuel.)

BDB9640 H3809 H3861 H518 H2006 H3808 H3588

BDB9639 | BIBLICAL ARAMAIC | BDB9641

II. לָהֵן conjunction except, but (from לָא and הֵן 'not if' (compare Hebrew אם לא Gen 24:38); so Nabataean and Egyptian Aramaic להן Cooke217, 219, 241 S-CPap. C 6, 7 +; lâinnî, however SocArab. Dial. see Marokko 44, Anm. 103; ᵑ7 אִילָּהֵין Gen 32:28; Gen 43:3 and elsewhere); —

1. after a negative (= Biblical Hebrew כִּי אִם, q. v.):
  a. except Dan 2:11; Dan 3:28; Dan 6:6; Dan 6:8.
  b. but (German sondern) Dan 2:30.
2. without a negative: however, but Ezra 5:12.

for, that, because, but, when, …
kî
(by implication) very widely used as a relative conjunction or adverb (as below); often largely modified by other particles annexed
  • that, for, because, when, as though, as, because that, but, then, certainly, except, surely, since
    • that
      • yea, indeed
      when (of time)
      • when, if, though (with a concessive force)
      because, since (causal connection)"but (after negative)"that if, for if, indeed if, for though, but if"but rather, but"except that"only, nevertheless"surely"that is"but if"for though"forasmuch as, for therefore

יְשֻׁב֥וּ ן
יְשֻׁב֥וּ
Root word return, again, returned, turn, back, …
ן
Suffix emphatic ending — no change in meaning
Dictionary form: שׁוּב · shoob

Verb — Qal, Imperfect (Yiqtol), third person masculine plural simple action — "he did" not-yet-complete action — try "he will ___" or "he ___s" the built-in subject is "they"

In the KJV here: they return
return ×69 returned ×56 and returned ×24 shall return ×23 again ×22 turn ×21 to return ×16 turn again ×13
More options
return — Most direct modern equivalent; fits most contexts.
turn back — Emphasizes reversal of direction or course.
come back — Informal, relational tone; good for personal or narrative contexts.
restore — Best when the subject brings something back to prior state.
repent — Prefer in theological contexts of moral/spiritual turning.
go back — Stresses departure from current position; informal register.

BDB8502 H7725

BDB8501 | BIBLICAL HEBREW | BDB8503

שׁוּב1056 verb turn back, return (Late Hebrew id.; Hiph`il in MI8 f. 12; Sabean תֿיב, התֿב, especially requite OsZMG xix (1865), 198 SabDenkmNo. 20, l. 1 HomChrest. 122 CISiv. 81, i. 9, etc.; Arabic return, so Aramaic תּוּב, ); —

Qal685 Perfect 3 masculine singular שָׁב Gen 18:33 +, 3 feminine singular שָׁ֫בָה Ruth 1:15 +, וְשָׁבַת consecutive Ezek 46:17 (Ges«GKC:72o»§ 72o, but Co Toy Krae וְשֶׁבָה), 2 masculine singular שַׁבְתָּ Ps 85:2, etc.; Imperfect 3 masculine singular יָשׁוּב Hos 11:5 + often, יָשֻׁב Ps 146:4; Lam 3:3, jussive יָשֹׁב Judg 7:3 +, וַיָּ֫שָׁב Gen 26:18 +; 3 feminine plural תָּשֹׁבְןָ Ezek 16:55 (twice in verse), תְּשֻׁבֶינָה vEzek 16:55, etc.; Imperative masculine singular שׁוּב Gen 31:3 +, שֻׁב Exod 4:19; 1Kgs 18:43, שׁוּ֫בָה Hos 14:2 +, feminine plural שֹׁבְנָה Ruth 1:8; Ruth 1:11; Ruth 1:12, etc.; Infinitive absolute שׁוֺב Gen 8:3 +, construct שׁוּב Exod 4:21 +, שֹׁב Josh 2:16 (Ges«GKC:72q»§ 72q), etc.; Participle שָׁב Gen 43:18 +, feminine singular שָׁבָ֫ה Ruth 1:22 +, etc.; passive construct שׁוּבֵי Mic 2:8 — turn back, return:
1. turn back, with מִן local Judg 3:19; Judg 8:13, compare Judg 7:3, with מֵאַחֲרֵי person, i.e. from following 2Sam 11:15; 1Kgs 19:21; Ruth 1:16, from pursuing 2Sam 2:26; 2Sam 2:30; 1Kgs 22:33 = 2Chr 18:32 with מִן of pursuit 1Sam 17:53; 1Sam 23:28, compare 2Chr 11:4 with אַחֲרֵי person, i.e. so as to follow 1Sam 15:31; 2Sam 23:10 turn back in fear, מִן of thing Job 39:22 (of horse), מִפְּנֵי כֹל Prov 30:30 (of lion), so absolute (of foes) Ps 6:11; Ps 56:10; Ps 70:4, in shame Lam 1:8 turn back and do so and so: Gen 14:7; Exod 14:2, compare Num 33:7 (עַל location, both P), Josh 8:21 (E), Josh 11:10 (J), 1Chr 21:20, followed by infinitive 2Chr 20:27 absolute turn back (face about) Song 7:1 (4 t. in verse) (+ verb); = be repulsed, defeated Ps 9:4; Ps 74:21 figurative turn back, namely, from a promise or a vow Judg 11:35 with מִן of service Num 8:25 (P), i.e. be exempt.
2. return, come or go back, with מֵעַל person 1Sam 17:15 (opposed to הלד), 2Sam 10:14; 2Kgs 18:14, מִן person Josh 10:31 (+ בְּשָׁלוֺם), מִן local, especially from foreign land 2Kgs 8:3; 2Chr 10:2; Ruth 1:6; Ruth 1:22; Ruth 2:6; Ruth 4:3; Jer 31:16; Jer 40:12; Jer 43:5; Jer 44:28; Ezra 6:21; Neh 8:17, מֵהַכּוֺת Gen 14:17 (J E ?), 1Sam 17:57; 1Sam 18:6; 2Sam 1:1; 2Sam 8:13, מֵאַחֲרֵי i.e. from pursuing 1Sam 24:2 (Gi v.1Sam 23:1); figurative, מִנִּי חשֶׁךְ ׳לֹא שׁ Job 15:22 (see חשֶׁךְ 3 a); עִבְרוּ זָשׁוּבוּ מִשַּׁעַר לָשַׁעַר Exod 32:27 (J), i.e. go back and forth from gate to gate, compare (absolute) participle as substantive עֹבֵר וָשָׁב Zech 7:14; Zech 9:8 and (= all persons) Ezek 35:7 also וַיֵּצֵא יָצוֺא וָשׁוֺב Gen 8:7 (J), רָצוֺא וָשׁוֺב Ezek 1:14 (strike out Hi Co Toy and others; yet see Krae); Gen 8:3 (J) see הלד 4 c (4).
3. especially return unto:
  a. go back, אֶל person Num 23:5; Num 23:16 (JE), 2Kgs 1:6 (|| הָלַךְ, as often), Exod 5:22 (J; ׳אֶליֿ), Exod 32:31 (E; id), Num 17:15 (P), 2Sam 20:22 (+ accusative of location), Jer 46:16 (both + אֶל location), + 17 t.; אֶל location also Gen 21:32; Gen 28:21 (both E), 2Sam 11:4; Hos 5:15 (of ׳י), 2Chr 19:1 (+ בְּשָׁלוֺם, + ל person), Esth 2:14 (opposed to בּוֺא), Esth 7:8 (+ מִן local), + 27 t.; of a dog עַלקֵֿאוֺ ׳שׁ Prov 26:11 ל location Gen 18:33 (J), 1Sam 26:25; 1Sam 29:4; 1Kgs 19:15 (+ ה- locative), Gen 33:16 (J; לְדַרְכּוֺ, + id.), Ps 7:8 (of ׳י), + 25 t.; ל person Ruth 1:10 (לְעַמֵךְ); ה- locative also Gen 44:13 (J), Exod 4:20; Exod 4:21 (R), Exod 13:17 (E), + 5 t.; שָׁם (= שָׁ֫מָּה) Jer 22:27 accusative of location also Hos 8:13; Hos 9:3; 1Sam 18:2; 2Sam 3:27; 2Sam 15:27 (+ בְּשָׁלוֺם), 2Kgs 2:25 (+ מִן local), + 15 t.; accusative דֶּרֶךָ Ezek 46:9 accusative of person Num 10:36 אַחֲרֵי person Ruth 1:15 absolute 2Sam 3:16; 2Sam 19:16 (+ בּוֺא), 1Kgs 18:43; Jer 40:5 (< strike out ᵐ5 Gie Du), Ezek 7:13b (strike out ᵐ5 Co Krae and others) +; followed by verb, go back and do so and so, Gen 43:2; 1Sam 1:19; 1Sam 29:7 (שׁוּב וְלֵךְ בְּשָׁלוֺם), 1Kgs 13:22; 2Chr 18:16 (+ בְּשָׁלוֺם) +, (Jer 42:10 read יָשׁוֺב Vrss and modern); followed by infinitive purpose Judg 14:8; 2Sam 6:20 + 10 t.
  b. come back, אֶל person Gen 8:9 (J; + אֶל location), Exod 24:14 (J), 1Sam 23:23 + 2Sam 17:3 (ᵐ5 Ew Th We Dr HPS Bu), 1Kgs 12:15 (opposed to הָלַךְ) + 9 t. + (in hostility) Judg 20:48 אֶל location also Zech 8:3 (subject ׳י); Josh 22:32 (P) has מֵאֵת person + מִן local + אֶל location + אֶל person; אֶל of thing Ezek 7:13 עַל person Neh 4:6; Mic 5:2 (be reunited to); עַל location 1Kgs 17:21; 1Kgs 17:22 ל location Josh 1:15 (R), Zech 1:16 (subject ׳י), 2Chr 30:9 + (from exile) 5 t.; ל animal., Job 39:4 ה- locative Gen 15:16 (E), Gen 50:14 (J); accusative of location 2Chr 19:8 שָׁם Jer 20:11 (opposed to יָצָא), שָׁ֫מָּה vJer 20:27, הֵ֫נָּה Jer 31:8 absolute Gen 43:10 (J), 2Sam 10:5; 2Kgs 1:5; Isa 21:12 (|| אָתָה), Job 39:12 (Kt, so Bu Du; of wild ox), + often; + בְּשָׁלוֺם Judg 8:9; 1Kgs 22:28 (שׁוֺב תָּשׁוּב) = 2Chr 18:27; 2Chr 18:26 + verb, come back and do so and so, Deut 1:45; Deut 30:8; Jer 37:8; 1Kgs 19:7; 1Kgs 20:5; 2Kgs 9:36; Ps 60:2 (title), compare Zech 4:1; Dan 11:10, לָשֶׁבֶת ׳שׁ Num 35:32 (P), לָלֶכֶת ׳שׁ Eccl 5:14.
4. a. of dying, אֶלֿ(הֶ)עָפָר ׳שׁ Gen 3:19 (twice in verse) (J), Ps 104:29; Eccl 3:20, עַלעָֿפָר Job 34:15 לְאַדְמָתוֺ ׳שׁ Ps 146:4, compare אָשׁוּב שָׁ֫מָּה (i.e. בֶּטֶן אִמּוֺ) Job 1:21 (see Di Bu, also Eccl 5:14); לִשְׁא֑וֺלָה ׳שׁ Ps 9:18 so probably absolute Ps 90:3 (> come back to life); of (human) dust, עַלהָֿאָרֶץ ׳שׁ Eccl 12:7 breath, אֶלהָֿאֱלֹהַים ׳שׁ vEccl 12:7.
  b. of revival from death, לְבֵיתוֺ ׳שׁ Job 7:10, absolute Job 10:21 (opposed to הָלַךְ), Job 16:22 (id.), Prov 2:19 also with אֶל person 2Sam 12:13.
5. figurative of human relations:
  a. return to leader, king, אֶל person, Judg 11:8; 1Kgs 12:27 (twice in verse); to divorced wife Jer 3:1 (opposed to הלד).
  b. = change so as to approach (in purpose, desire), אֶלֿ person Jer 15:9 (twice in verse).
  c. turn, i.e. resort to, ל person Ps 119:79.
  d. return to a physical condition Job 33:25 (ל of thing); to a state or course of life, ל of thing Isa 23:17; Ezek 16:55 (3 t. in verse); Neh 9:17; Ps 85:9 עַל of thing Jer 11:10, הֲלוֺם Ps 73:10 (but corrupt); ב Jer 8:6 (Du reads שָׁט for שָׁב).
  e. absolute = change course of action; from good to bad, וַיָּשָׁב וַיִּמְרָראבּוֺ 2Kgs 24:1; Jer 34:11; Jer 34:16 bad to good vJer 34:15 so ׳שׁ alone Job 6:29 (twice in verse) (probably; read וְשׁוּבוּ, so Di Da Bu and others; other interpretations De Du and others). feminine passive participle = averse, שׁוּבֵי מִלְחָמָה Mic 2:8 (> We Now שְׁבִי spoil of war).
6. figurative, specifically of spiritual relations:
  a. turn back from God, = apostatize, ׳מֵאַחֲרֵי י Num 14:43 (J), 1Sam 15:11; 1Kgs 9:6 (שׁוֺב תְּשֻׁב֫וּן), Jer 3:19; Num 32:15; Josh 22:16; Josh 22:18; Josh 22:23; Josh 22:29 (all P); absolute (usually + verb) Judg 2:19; Judg 8:33; Josh 23:12 (RD), Jer 8:4; Ps 78:41; 2Chr 7:19.
  b. of ׳י, turn away, מֵאַחֲרֵי person Deut 23:15.
  c. turn back to God (= seek penitently), ׳אֶליֿ Hos 6:1; Hos 7:10; Hos 14:3; Jer 3:7; 1Kgs 8:33; 1Kgs 8:48 (בְּכָלֿ לֵבָב), + 18 t.; אֶלאֱֿלֹהִים Hos 5:4; Ps 51:15, compare Isa 10:21 ׳עַליֿ 2Chr 15:4; 2Chr 30:9 ׳עַדיֿ Amos 4:6; Amos 4:8; Amos 4:9; Amos 4:10; Amos 4:11; Hos 14:2; Isa 9:12 + 5 t.; עַדשַֿׁדַּי Job 22:23 ׳לי Isa 31:6, נַפְשִׁי ׳שׁ לִמְנוּחָ֑יְכְי Ps 116:7 compare לַבַּעַל Hos 7:16 (for לֹא עָל, Now, compare Marti); לְתוֺכַחְתִּי Prov 1:23 (probably strike out, see Toy).
  d. absolute repent, Hos 3:15; Hos 11:5; Isa 6:10; Isa 10:22; Jer 3:7; Jer 3:12; Jer 3:14; Jer 3:22; Jer 4:1; Jer 5:3 + 14 t., + participle as substantive Isa 1:27.
  e. turn back from evil, with מִן (especially Jeremiah, Ezekiel) 1Kgs 8:35; 1Kgs 13:33; Jer 15:7; Jer 18:8 + 8 t. Jeremiah; Ezek 3:19; Ezek 13:22 + 12 t. Ezekiel,+ 9 t.; compare שָׁבֵי פֶשַׁע Isa 59:20 שׁוּבוּ וְהָשִׁיבוּ מִן Ezek 18:30, so with מֵעַל Ezek 14:6 from good, with מִן, Ezek 3:20; Ezek 18:24; Ezek 18:26; Ezek 33:18. feminine of ׳י, מֵחֲרוֺן אַפּוֺ ׳שׁ Exod 32:12 (JE), Deut 13:18; Josh 7:26 (J), 2Kgs 23:26; Jonah 3:9 ׳מִמֶּנּוּ אַףיֿ ׳שׁ Hos 14:5; Jer 2:35; Jer 4:8; Num 25:4 (P), 2Chr 12:12; 2Chr 29:10; 2Chr 30:8, so (man's anger) Gen 27:45 (J) and (absolute) vGen 27:44 (E); absolute of ׳אַףיֿ Isa 5:25; Isa 9:11; Isa 9:16; Isa 9:20; Isa 10:4; Isa 12:1; (opposed to יָצָא vJer 23:19), Jer 30:24; Job 14:13; Dan 9:16.
  g. of ׳י, return (to shew favour), אֶל person Gen 18:10 (+ infinitive absolute), vGen 18:14; Zech 1:3; Mal 3:7; 2Chr 30:6, absolute Isa 63:17; Ps 80:15 (|| הִבִּיט, פָּקַד), Ps 90:13, + verb Jer 12:15; Ps 6:5; Joel 2:14; Jonah 3:9 also in hostility, + verb Josh 24:20 (E), with infinitive purpose Hos 11:9.
  h. of ׳י, turn back from (מִן) judgment Jer 4:28, אֱמֶת Ps 132:11 מֵאַחֲרֵי person, i.e. cease to bless, Jer 32:40.
7. of inanimate things (sometimes personified, or treated as things of life):
  a. as perceptibly moving, water Gen 8:3 (J; מֵעַל location), Josh 4:18 (J; ל location), Exod 14:26 (P; עַל person), vExod 14:28 (P; + verb), Ps 104:9 (ל infinitive), sea Exod 14:27 (J; לְאֵיתָנוֺ); wind Ps 78:39 (opposed to הלד), Eccl 1:6 (עַל location); shadow 2Kgs 20:9; 2Kgs 20:10 (+ אֲחֹרַנִּית), || Isa 38:8 (sun on dial), of breath (= revive) Judg 15:19; 1Sam 30:12 (אֶל person); clouds Eccl 12:2 (מִן temporal); rain and snow Isa 55:10 (ה locative); rolling stone Prov 26:27 sword 2Sam 1:22 (מִן of thing), Ezek 21:10, arrow Jer 50:9 of plague-spot = re-appear, Lev 14:43 (P).
  b. = be brought back, Gen 43:18 (J), 1Sam 5:11 (ל location), hence be restored, ל person Ezek 46:17, so of kingdom 1Kgs 12:26, city 1Sam 7:14 (Ezek 35:9 see ישׁב 4), field Lev 27:24 (P); of animal Deut 28:31.
  c. = be turned into, ל of thing, Isa 29:17 = be turned back into, עַד thing, Mic 1:7.
  d. return, figurative of word, (1) Isa 45:23, with אֶל person Isa 55:11 (both opposed to יָצָא); (2) Ps 35:13 my prayer turned upon (עַל) my bosom (was uttered with bowed head, De Bae Du).
  e. turn away, depart, of infamy Prov 25:10. feminine return (in recompense), of crime, evil, etc., with בְּראֹשׁ 1Kgs 2:33; Obad 1:15; Ps 7:17, עַלרֿאֹשׁ Esth 9:25, ל person Ps 54:7 (Kt; > Qr Hiph`il), Prov 12:14.
  g. Ps 94:15 judgement (-giving) shall return to (עַד) righteousness (be in accord therewith).
  h. of boundary, = change (sometimes reverse) direction (P), ה- locative Josh 19:12 (+ מִן local), vJosh 19:34 (+ accusative of location), accusative of location also vJosh 19:27 vJosh 19:29 (+ עַד location), vJosh 19:29.
  i. be restored to healthy condition, of withered hand 1Kgs 13:6 (twice in verse) (אֶל person), leprous hand Exod 4:7 (J; with כ compare), flesh 2Kgs 5:10 (ל person), v2Kgs 5:14; Lev 13:16 (|| נֶהְפַּךְ לְלָבָן).
8. denoting repetition, etc. (Ges«GKC:120d»§ 120 d g): + verb, return (and) do = do again, Gen 26:18; Gen 30:31; Num 11:4 (all J), Judg 19:7; 1Sam 3:5; 1Sam 3:6; 1Kgs 13:33; 1Kgs 19:6; 2Kgs 1:11; 2Kgs 1:13; 2Kgs 19:9; 2Kgs 21:3 = 2Chr 33:3; Jer 18:4; Jer 36:28; Zech 5:1; Zech 6:1; Mal 1:4; Job 10:16; Job 17:10; Ps 7:13; Dan 9:25, perhaps also 2Chr 19:4 compare Isa 6:13 = it, in turn, shall be destroyed (destruction shall be repeated in its case), Lam 3:3 apparently = do repeatedly; ׳שׁ + Infinitive absolute Eccl 4:1; Eccl 4:7; Eccl 9:11 in comparative עוֺד תָּשׁוּב תִּרְאֶה Ezek 8:6 thou shalt see yet greater abominations, so vEzek 8:13 and (מִן compare) vEzek 8:15 ׳שׁ + Infinitive construct Deut 24:4; Deut 30:9; Josh 5:2 (RD), Jer 36:28; Ezek 8:17; Ezra 9:14; Neh 9:28; Job 7:7; Eccl 1:7 = reverse one's action, + verb Josh 2:23 (E), Hos 2:11; 2Kgs 13:25; Deut 30:3; Mic 7:19; Zech 8:15; Ps 71:20 (twice in verse); Ps 85:7 = restore to original condition by doing, + verb Deut 23:14.
9. transitive, peculiarly, in phrase ׳שׁ שְׁבוּת restore captivity of, etc., approximately 21 t. (see שְׁבוּת below שָׁבָה); צִיּוֺן ׳י ׳שׁ Isa 52:8, ׳שׁ with suffix person Ps 85:5 elsewhere only ׳אֶתגְּֿאוֺן יַעֲקֹב וגו ׳וְשָׁב י Nah 2:3, compare
Hiph`il 6.

Po`el 1. bring back, Perfect 1 singular וְשֹׁבַבְתִּ֫י, with accusative of person + אֶל location Jer 50:19 (׳י subject), Infinitive construct suffix בְּשׁוֺבְבִי, with מִן local Ezek 39:27 and (figurative) לְשׁוֺבֵב, with אֶל person Isa 49:5 Imperfect 2 masculine singular תְּשׁוֺבֵב לָנוּ Ps 60:3 = take us back into power.
2. a. figurative restore, refresh, 3 masculine singular נַפְשִׁי יְשׁוֺבֵב Ps 23:3 (׳י subject); compare Hiph`il 2 b. b. restore, repair, Participle מְשׁוֺבֵב נְתִיבוֺח לָשָׁ֑בֶת Isa 58:12.
3. lead away (enticingly), Perfect 1 singular suffix (of Gog), ׳י subject, וְשׁוֺבַבְתִּיךָ Ezek 38:4 (strike out Co), ׳וְשׁ Ezek 39:2 so figurative 3 feminine singular suffix וְדַעְתֵךְ הִיא שׁוֺבְבָ֑תֶךְ Isa 47:10 (of Babylonian ); — Jer 50:6 see
Qal. 4. shew turning = apostatize (compare Hiph`il 8), Perfect 3 feminine singular שׁוֺבְבָה Jer 8:5 (read שׁוֺבֵב, and strike out ירושׁלם, with ᵐ5). — See also שׁוֺבֵב infra. Pu`lal Participle feminine מְשׁוֺבֶ֫בֶת Ezek 38:8 a land restored + מִן of thing. — See also שׁוֺבָב infra.

Hiph`il353 Perfect 3 masculine singular Gen 41:13 +; suffix וַהֲשִׁיבְֱ Gen 40:13, וֶהֱשִׁיבְךָ Deut 28:68 2 masculine singular הֱשִׁיבוֺתָ Ps 85:4, וַהֲשֵׁבֹתָ֫ Deut 4:39; Deut 30:1, suffix וַהֲשֵׁיבוֺתָם 2Chr 6:25 1 singular consecutive וַהֲשִׁיב֫וֺתִי Amos 1:8, וַהֲשִׁבֹתִ֫י Num 22:8 +, suffix וְהוֺשְׁבוֺתִים Zech 10:6 (but read וַהֲשִׁבוֺתִים, see ישׁב Hiph`il), etc.; Imperfect 3 masculine singular יָשִׁיב Exod 21:34 +, (read יָשִׁב Dan 11:18; Dan 11:19 > Qr vDan 11:18 יָשֵׂם), וַיָּ֫שֶׁב Gen 20:14 +; suffix יְשִׁבֵנִי 2Sam 15:8 +, וַיְשִׁיבֵם 2Chr 19:4 + 1Sam 12:8 Vrss We Dr and others; 3 feminine plural תָּשֵׁבְנָה Job 20:10, etc.; Imperative masculine singular הָשֵׁב Gen 20:7 +, הָשֵׁיב 2Kgs 8:6, הָשַׁ֑ב Isa 42:22, so הָשַׁ֖ב Ezek 21:35 (see Ke and still Toy; Ew Sm Krae Infinitive absolute הָשֵׁב), הָשִׁיבָה Judg 11:13 +, etc.; Infinitive absolute הָשֵׁב Exod 23:4 +; construct הָשִׁיב Gen 42:35 +, etc.; Participle מֵשִׁיב Gen 20:7 +, etc.; — cause to return, bring back:

1. a. with accusative of person + אֶל location Gen 24:5 (J; הֶהָשֵׁב אָשִׁיב), Gen 28:15 (J), Gen 42:37 (E), Gen 48:21 (E), +; especially from exile 1Kgs 8:34 = 2Chr 6:25; Jer 27:22 + 5 t. Jeremiah; + אֶל person 1Kgs 22:26 = 2Chr 18:25 + עַל location Jer 16:15; Jer 23:3; Jer 24:6 + ל location Jer 12:15 + accusative of location 2Sam 15:8 (read הָשֵׁב יְשִׁבֵנִי Vrss Th We Dr and others), Deut 28:68; Ezek 29:14; Ezek 47:6; 2Chr 33:13, etc.; + מִן local Jer 41:16; Zech 10:10, מֵאֵת person Jer 41:16, מִן infinitive 2Chr 25:13 accusative of person only Judg 19:3; 1Kgs 13:20; 1Kgs 13:23 +; bring back into bondage, etc., Jer 34:11; Jer 34:16 = allow to return Jer 15:19 accusative of person + of thing (= recover, recapture), Jer 28:6 (+ אֶל location, מִן local); = recover, rescue, Gen 14:16 (accusative of person + thing), Ps 35:17 (accusative נַפְשִׁי, מִן of thing); accusative of thing + אֶל person Gen 44:8 (J), + עַל person Exod 15:9 (song), Prov 20:26 + אֶל location 1Kgs 14:28 = 2Chr 12:11; Jer 28:3; 2Chr 24:11 accusative of hand, אֶלפֶּֿה 1Sam 14:27; Prov 19:24; Prov 26:15 especially of ׳י's hand, in judgment, followed by עַל Amos 1:8; Isa 1:25; Zech 13:7; Ps 81:15, also of man's hand Jer 6:9; Ezek 38:12 + accusative of location 2Sam 15:25; 2Sam 15:29 + שָׁם Neh 13:9 accusative of thing alone Gen 43:12; Gen 43:21 (both בְּיֶדְכֶם), Gen 14:16 (= recapture), 1Sam 6:21; 1Sam 30:19; 1Kgs 13:29 (corpse), Lev 26:26 (H); with accusative animal. 1Sam 6:7 (מֵאַחֲרֵי), Ezek 34:4; Ezek 34:16 (figurative); shadow on dial 2Kgs 20:11 = Isa 38:8. — Job 39:12 see Qal 3 b. b. put back: accusative of thing, stone, עַלפִּֿי הַבְּאֵר Gen 29:3 (J), veil עַלפָּֿנָיו Exod 34:35 (P), Dagon לִמְקוֺמוֺ 1Sam 5:3, rod לִפְנֵי הָעֵדוּת Num 17:25 (P), sword, + אֶל of sheath, 1Chr 21:27; Ezek 21:35 (accusative om); hand אֶלחֵֿיק Exod 4:7 (twice in verse) (J; opposed to הוֺצִיא).
  c. = draw back, hand Gen 38:29 (J), 1Kgs 13:4 (opposed to שָׁלַךְ; + אֶל reflexive), Josh 8:26 (E; opposed to נטה), so, figurative, ׳י subject Lam 2:3 (מִפְּנֵי, אָחוֺר), Ps 74:11 with מִן = refrain from Lam 2:8; Ezek 18:8; Ezek 18:17 (i.e. from oppressing), Ezek 20:22 (מִן omitted); foot, with מִן Isa 58:13 (figurative); draw in breath Job 9:18.
  d. = give back, restore, accusative of person or thing: + ל person Gen 20:14 (E), vGen 20:7 (E; accusative omitted), Exod 23:4 (E; הָשֵׁב תָּשִׁיב), Deut 22:1 (id.; both accusative animal.), Deut 24:13 (id.), Exod 22:25 (E), Judg 17:3 (twice in verse); Judg 17:4; 1Sam 12:3; 2Sam 9:7; Deut 22:2 (P), Neh 5:11, so 2Sam 16:3; 1Kgs 12:21 = 2Chr 11:1 (all accusative of kingdom), with accusative צְדָקָה Job 33:26 + אֶל person Gen 37:22 (E; accusative of person); + אֶל location Gen 42:25 (E); accusative of thing only, 2Kgs 8:6; Ezek 18:7 (read Infinitive absolute שׁוֺב for חוֺב, Co Toy Krae), Ezek 18:12; Ezek 33:15; Lev 5:33 (P), Num 5:7 (P; + בְּראֹשׁוֺ = in full), Ps 69:5 (opposed to גָּזַל), so of land (or city) Judg 11:13; 1Kgs 20:34; Neh 5:12, compare 2Kgs 14:28 (+ בְּיִשְׂרָאֵל), 2Kgs 16:6 (+ לַאֲרָם); = win back 2Kgs 13:25; 2Kgs 14:22 (+ ל terr.) = 2Chr 26:2, boundary (i.e. re-establish it) 2Kgs 14:25 restore ruined city Dan 9:25 (+ לִבְנוֺת), conquered nation Ps 80:4; Ps 80:8; Ps 80:20 joy, accusative + ל person Ps 51:14. — 2Sam 8:3 see יָד
2. — Acc. person only, Gen 20:7 (E), Isa 42:22 restore to office, accusative of person + עַל Gen 40:13; Gen 40:21 (E), אֶל location 2Sam 19:12, accusative of person only, 2Sam 19:11; 2Sam 19:13; 2Sam 19:44, compare Isa 1:26 = pay back money, Lev 25:27 (ל person), vLev 25:51 vLev 25:52.
  e. = relinquish, with accusative of thing, Job 20:10. feminine = give in payment, requital, with accusative of thing + apposition 1Sam 6:8 (ל person), v1Sam 6:17 (id.; compare טְחוֺד); also pay as tribute (in answer to demand), accusative of thing 2Kgs 17:3; Ps 72:10, + ל person 2Kgs 3:4; 2Chr 27:5 give in exchange Ezek 27:15.
  g. bring one back (from dead) 2Sam 12:23, so with מִנִּי Job 33:20 on other hand, אֶלעָֿפָר Job 10:9 = מָוֶת (accusative) Job 30:23, compare עַדדַּֿכָּא Ps 90:3.
2. a. bring back heart, לֵב, עַל person Mal 3:24 אֵלֶיךָ ׳הֲשִׁיבֵנוּ י Lam 5:21 (< Bu retore, strike out אליד); ׳הֵשִׁיב אֶליֿ Neh 9:26 (compare vNeh 9:29), 2Chr 19:4; 2Chr 24:19, also (מִן of evil) Jer 23:22, absolute Jer 31:18.
  b. accusative נֶפֶשׁ = refresh Lam 1:11; Lam 1:16; Lam 1:19; Ps 19:8; Prov 25:13; Ruth 4:15.
3. bring back words of people, ׳אֶליֿ Exod 19:8 (E); then, in general, bring back word, דָּבָר, report to, + accusative of person Gen 37:14; Num 13:26; Num 22:8 (all E), Deut 1:22; Deut 1:25; Josh 14:7 (RD), Josh 22:32 (P), + 8 t; = answer 1Sam 17:30; 2Sam 3:11; 1Kgs 12:6 = 2Chr 10:6 + 6 t., + (accusative מִלִּין) Job 35:4 also (דָּבָר omitted) Job 13:22; Job 20:2; Job 33:5; Job 33:32; 2Chr 10:16; Neh 6:4 (כַּדָּבָר הַזֶּה); accusative אֲמָרִים + ל person Judg 5:29; Prov 22:21 later with ל person alone 1Sam 12:3 with clause oratio recta [direct speech], אֶל person Esth 4:13; Esth 4:15 similar phrases, Ezek 9:11; Prov 18:13; Prov 24:26; Prov 26:16; Hab 2:1; Job 31:14; Job 32:14 (Gi vJob 32:15), Job 40:4.
4. a. bring back (in retribution, compare Qal 7 f) upon, subject often ׳י, accusative of evil, Judg 9:56, בְּראֹשׁ Judg 9:5; 1Sam 25:39; 1Kgs 2:44 Joel 1Kgs 4:4; 1Kgs 4:7, עַלרֿאֹשׁ 1Kgs 2:32, אֶלרֿאֹשׁ Neh 3:36 ל person Gen 50:15 (E), 1Sam 6:3 (הָשֵׁב תָּשִׁיבוּ), v1Sam 6:4; 1Sam 25:31 (return evil for good), +, etc.; absolute = make requital, ל person 2Chr 6:23 + (כ compare) Hos 12:3; Prov 24:12; Prov 24:29 with accusative of good, ל person 2Sam 16:12; 2Sam 26:23; with כ compare + ל person Ps 18:21; Ps 18:25 = 2Sam 22:21; 2Sam 22:25, and (כ compare only) 2Chr 32:25 requite ׳י's benefits, accusative of thing + ׳לי Ps 116:12, compare Num 18:9 (P).
  b. pay as recompense, לִבְעָלָיו ׳כֶּסֶף יָשׁ Exod 21:34 (E); so (figurative) of ׳י, ננָקָם לְ ׳הֵשׁ Deut 32:41; Deut 32:43, בְּחֵמָה אַפּוֺ ׳לְהָשׁ Isa 66:15.
5. turn back, backward = repel, defeat, with אֶתפְּֿנֵי 2Kgs 18:24 = Isa 36:9, accusative מִלְחָמָה Isa 28:6, accusative of sword Ps 89:44, accusative of person + אָחוֺר Ps 44:11 (+ מִנִּי person), Isa 44:25 (figurative, = refute, confute), figurative of calamity Lam 1:13 = repulse, hinder Jer 2:24, especially accusative Isa 14:27 (׳יַדיֿ), compare Isa 43:13, Job 9:12; Job 11:10; Job 23:13 = reject, refuse, ׳(אֶתֿ)פְּנֵי פ 1Kgs 2:16; 1Kgs 2:17; 1Kgs 2:20 (twice in verse); 2Chr 6:42; Ps 132:10.
6. a. turn away face, figurative, + מֵעַל of thing Ezek 14:6 accusative of person + מִן Mal 2:6 anger of ׳י (accusative) + מֵעַל person Num 25:11 (P), Prov 24:18, מִן person Jer 18:20; Ezra 10:14 accusative only, Job 9:13; Ps 78:38; Ps 106:23 accusative of human anger Prov 15:1; Prov 29:8.
  b. late, turn toward, accusative face, ל location Dan 11:18; Dan 11:19, accusative foot, אֶל of thing Ps 119:59 (figurative).
7. turn against, אֶלאֵֿל, with accusative רוּחֶ֑ךָ Job 15:43.
8. אֶללֵֿבָב ׳הֵשׁ bring back to mind, take into consideration, with accusative Lam 3:21, followed by clause with כִּי Deut 4:39 (compare Dr), object omitted Deut 30:1; 1Kgs 8:47 = 2Chr 6:37; Isa 44:19, + (עַל) Isa 46:8.
9. הֵשִׁיב ׳אֶתשְֿׁבוּת פ Jer 32:44; Jer 33:7; Jer 33:11; Jer 49:6; Lam 2:14; Ezek 39:25 + (Qr Hiph`il, Kt Qal) Jer 33:26; Jer 46:39; Joel 4:1 (see Qal 9).
10. Hiph`il declar., מֵעַל ׳הָשׁ Ezek 14:6 = shew a turning away from your idols (i.e. turn away), compare (מִן) Ezek 18:30, absolute וִחְיוּ ׳הָשׁ vEzek 18:32 of ׳י, מֵחֲרוֺן ׳השׁ אַפֶּ֑ךָ Ps 85:4 (but read probably ׳הֲשִׁיבוֺתה חֲרוֺן א [6 a above]); perhaps in physical sense Jonah 1:13 (אֶל location; We Now that is אֳנִיָּה, etc.).
11. reverse, revoke, accusative (suffix) of thing, i.e. judgment, Amos 1:3; Amos 1:6; Amos 1:9; Amos 1:11; Amos 1:13; Amos 2:1; Amos 2:4; Amos 2:6 blessing Num 23:20 (poem in E), edict Esth 8:5; Esth 8:8.

Hoph`al Perfect 3 masculine singular הוּשַׁב Gen 42:28 my money has been returned! compare Participle הַכֶּסֶף הַמּוּשָׁב Gen 43:12 (both J); ׳לי ׳הַמּ Num 5:8 (P) the אָשָׁם which is restored to ׳י; plural מוּשָׁבִים Jer 27:16 the vessels are about to be brought back, with מִן local; Imperfect 3 masculine singular וַיוּשַׁב אֶתמֿשֶׁה Exod 10:8 (J; compare Ges«GKC:121a»§ 121 a, b) Moses was brought back, with אֶל person

BDB8505 H7726 H7725

BDB8504 | BIBLICAL HEBREW | BDB8506

I. שׁוֺבָב adjective backturning, recusant, apostate (perhaps for מְשׁוֺבָב, Participle Po`l. Ol§ 251 b Ges«GKC:52s»§ 52s Köi. 454); — ׳שׁ Isa 57:17 plural שׁוּבוּ בָּנִים שׁוֺבָבִים Jer 3:14; Jer 3:22. — שׁובבים Jer 50:6 Kt < Qr שׁוֺבְבוּם ᵐ5 Comm., compare √ Po`l.

BDB9995 H7725 H8421

BDB9994 | BIBLICAL ARAMAIC | BDB9996

תּוּב verb return (ᵑ7 Syriac; Biblical Hebrew שׁוּב); —

Pe`al Imperfect 3 masculine singular יְתוּב, with עַל person, of brightness (זִיו) of face Dan 4:33 b, of knowledge v.Dan 4:31 v.Dan 4:33 a. Haph`el Perfect 3 masculine singular הֲתִיב Dan 2:14 3 masculine plural suffix הֲתִיבוּנָא Ezra 5:11 Imperfect 3 masculine plural יַהֲתִיבוּן Ezra 6:5, יְתִיבוּן (K§ 33, 2) Ezra 5:5 Infinitive suffix לַהֲתָבוּתָח Dan 3:16 —
1. restore, accusative of thing Ezra 6:5.
2. return (accusative of answer, etc.) Ezra 5:5; Ezra 5:11; Dan 3:16 (suffix Persian), ׳עֵטָא וּטְעֵם הֲת Dan 2:14.

return, again, returned, turn, back, …
šûb
to turn back (hence, away) transitively or intransitively, literally or figuratively (not necessarily with the idea of return to the starting point); generally to retreat; often adverbial, again
  • to return, turn back
    • (Qal)
      • to turn back, return
        • to turn back
          • "to return, come or go back"to return unto, go back, come back"of dying"of human relations (figuratively)"of spiritual relations (figuratively)
          • to turn back (from God), apostatise
            • "to turn away (of God)"to turn back (to God), repent"turn back (from evil)
          of inanimate things"in repetition
      (Polel)
      • to bring back
        • "to restore, refresh, repair (figuratively)"to lead away (enticingly)"to show turning, apostatise
      (Pual) restored (participle)"(Hiphil) to cause to return, bring back
      • to bring back, allow to return, put back, draw back, give back, restore, relinquish, give in payment
        • "to bring back, refresh, restore"to bring back, report to, answer"to bring back, make requital, pay (as recompense)"to turn back or backward, repel, defeat, repulse, hinder, reject, refuse"to turn away (face), turn toward"to turn against"to bring back to mind"to show a turning away"to reverse, revoke
      (Hophal) to be returned, be restored, be brought back"(Pulal) brought back

מֵ אָֽוֶן
מֵ
Prefix — preposition from, out of
אָֽוֶן
Root word iniquity, vanity, wicked, mischief, affliction, …
Dictionary form: אָוֶן · aw-WEN

Noun — Common, masculine singular, absolute state

In the KJV here: from iniquity
of iniquity ×21 iniquity ×16 vanity ×5 wicked ×4 affliction ×3 mischief ×2 wickedness ×2 a wicked ×1
More options
evil — Broad, default choice; fits most moral contexts.
wickedness — Stronger moral weight; good for prophetic condemnation.
wrongdoing — Neutral, modern; suits legal or ethical contexts.
trouble — Captures the harm or affliction sense of the word.
idolatry — Specialized; use when context is clearly cultic or idolatrous.
emptiness — Reflects the vanity/futility nuance; suits wisdom literature.

BDB223 H205 H206 H204

BDB222 | BIBLICAL HEBREW | BDB224

אָ֫וֶן85 noun masculineJob 5:6 trouble, sorrow, wickedness — absolute Num 23:21 +; suffix אוֺנִי Gen 35:18 etc.; plural אוֺנִים Hos 9:4 —

1. trouble, sorrow בֶּןאֿוֺנִי son of my trouble or sorrow Gen 35:18 (E); לֹא הִבִּיט אָוֶן בְּיַעֲקֹב Num 23:21 (song of Balaam), he doth not behold trouble in Jacob (|| he doth not see misery — עָמָל — in Isr); often || עָמָל Ps 7:15 (הִנֵּה יְחַבֶּלאָֿוֶן lo he travaileth with trouble || וְהָרָה עָמָל וְיָלַד שָׁ֑קֶר, yea he hath conceived misery & brought forth a lie), probably thence Job 15:35 (הָרהֹ עָמָל וְיָלֹד אָוֶן) = Isa 59:4 compare עָמָל וָאָוֶן Ps 10:7; Ps 55:11; Ps 90:10; Job 4:8; Job 5:6; Isa 10:1 (see עָמָל); also זוֺרֵעַ עַוְלָה יִקְצָראָֿוֶן Prov 22:8 the sower of iniquity shall reap trouble; in this sense elsewhere only Deut 26:14; Prov 12:21; Jer 4:15; Hab 3:7; Amos 5:5, plural intensive לֶחֶם אוֺנִים bread of trouble, sorrow, or mourning Hos 9:4.
2. idolatry Hos 12:12; Isa 41:29 אָוֶן וּתְרָפִים הַפְצַ֑ר stubbornness is idolatry & (the use of) teraphim 1Sam 15:23 (poetry source); אָוֶן בֵּית Hos 4:15 (for בֵּית אֵלbecause Bethel, house of God, is given over to idolatry) so also Hos 5:8; Hos 10:5 compare ׳בָּמוֺת א Hos 10:8 ׳בִּקְעַת א Amos 1:5 (Baalbek); ׳בַּחוּרֵי א read אוֺן, אֹן = On, Heliopolis Ezek 30:17 — abstract for concrete = idols Isa 66:3.
3. trouble of iniquity, wickedness, מְתֵי אָוֶן Job 22:15 ׳אַנְשֵׁי א Job 34:36 = men of trouble, troublers, wicked men; compare ׳אִישׁ א Prov 6:12; פֹּעֲלֵי אָוֶן workers of trouble, evil-doers, workers of iniquity Job 31:3; Job 34:8; Job 34:22; Ps 5:6 + (16 t. chiefly late Psalms) Prov 10:29; Prov 21:15; Isa 31:2; Hos 6:8 מַחְשְׁבוֺת אָוֶן thoughts of trouble, wicked imaginations Prov 6:18; Isa 59:7; Jer 4:14 often of words & thoughts Job 11:11 + (5 t.) Ps 36:5 + (9 t.) Prov 17:4; Prov 19:28; Prov 30:20; Isa 29:20; Isa 32:6; Isa 58:9; Isa 59:6; Ezek 11:2; Mic 2:1; Hab 1:3; Zech 10:2 לֹא אוּכַל אָוֶן וַעֲצָרָה Isa 1:13 I cannot bear iniquity with the solemn meeting (RV & most modern; AV it is iniquity, even the solemn meeting).

BDB572 H205

BDB571 | BIBLICAL HEBREW | BDB573

אֹן sorrow, see אָוֶן.

iniquity, vanity, wicked, mischief, affliction, …
ʾāwen
strictly nothingness; also trouble, vanity, wickedness; specifically an idol
  • trouble, wickedness, sorrow
    • trouble, sorrow
      • "idolatry"trouble of iniquity, wickedness

This book is chanted to the poetic accent system (used only in Job, Psalms, and Proverbs). Each group below ends at one of its pausing accents — translate a group as one unit.
וַיִּ֣גֶל אָ֭זְנָם Dechi — a lesser break לַמּוּסָ֑ר Atnach — the verse's main pause — take a breath here וַ֝יֹּ֗אמֶר Revia Mugrash — a lesser break כִּֽי יְשֻׁב֥וּן מֵאָֽוֶן Silluq — end of the verse

וַיִּגֶל אָזְנָם לַמּוּסָר וַיֹּאמֶר כִּֽי-יְשֻׁבוּן מֵאָֽוֶן׃
10
He openeth also their ear to discipline, and commandeth that they return from iniquity.
Cross References

Isaiah 55:6

דִּרְשׁוּ יְהוָה בְּהִמָּצְאוֹ קְרָאֻהוּ בִּֽהְיוֹתוֹ קָרֽוֹב׃
6
Seek ye the LORD while he may be found, call ye upon him while he is near:

Job 36:15

יְחַלֵּץ עָנִי בְעָנְיוֹ וְיִגֶל בַּלַּחַץ אָזְנָֽם׃
15
He delivereth the poor in his affliction, and openeth their ears in oppression.

Matthew 3:8

ποιήσατε οὖν καρποὺς ἀξίους τῆς μετανοίας
8
Bring forth therefore fruits meet for repentance:

Isaiah 50:5

אֲדֹנָי יְהוִה פָּתַֽח-לִי אֹזֶן וְאָנֹכִי לֹא מָרִיתִי אָחוֹר לֹא נְסוּגֹֽתִי׃
5
The Lord GOD hath opened mine ear, and I was not rebellious, neither turned away back.

Isaiah 48:17

כֹּֽה-אָמַר יְהוָה גֹּאַלְךָ קְדוֹשׁ יִשְׂרָאֵל אֲנִי יְהוָה אֱלֹהֶיךָ מְלַמֶּדְךָ לְהוֹעִיל מַדְרִֽיכֲךָ בְּדֶרֶךְ תֵּלֵֽךְ׃
17
Thus saith the LORD, thy Redeemer, the Holy One of Israel; I am the LORD thy God which teacheth thee to profit, which leadeth thee by the way that thou shouldest go.

Proverbs 8:4

אֲלֵיכֶם אִישִׁים אֶקְרָא וְקוֹלִי אֶל-בְּנֵי אָדָֽם׃
4
Unto you, O men, I call; and my voice is to the sons of man.

Job 33:16

אָז יִגְלֶה אֹזֶן אֲנָשִׁים וּבְמֹסָרָם יַחְתֹּֽם׃
16
Then he openeth the ears of men, and sealeth their instruction,

Isaiah 1:16

רַחֲצוּ הִזַּכּוּ הָסִירוּ רֹעַ מַעַלְלֵיכֶם מִנֶּגֶד עֵינָי חִדְלוּ הָרֵֽעַ׃
16
Wash you, make you clean; put away the evil of your doings from before mine eyes; cease to do evil;

2 Kings 17:13

וַיָּעַד יְהוָה בְּיִשְׂרָאֵל וּבִֽיהוּדָה בְּיַד כָּל-‫(נביאו)‬ נְבִיאֵי כָל-חֹזֶה לֵאמֹר שֻׁבוּ מִדַּרְכֵיכֶם הָֽרָעִים וְשִׁמְרוּ מִצְוֹתַי חֻקּוֹתַי כְּכָל-הַתּוֹרָה אֲשֶׁר צִוִּיתִי אֶת-אֲבֹֽתֵיכֶם וַֽאֲשֶׁר שָׁלַחְתִּי אֲלֵיכֶם בְּיַד עֲבָדַי הַנְּבִיאִֽים׃
13
Yet the LORD testified against Israel, and against Judah, by all the prophets, and by all the seers, saying, Turn ye from your evil ways, and keep my commandments and my statutes, according to all the law which I commanded your fathers, and which I sent to you by my servants the prophets.

Psalms 40:6

זֶבַח וּמִנְחָה׀ לֹֽא-חָפַצְתָּ אָזְנַיִם כָּרִיתָ לִּי עוֹלָה וַחֲטָאָה לֹא שָׁאָֽלְתָּ׃
6
Sacrifice and offering thou didst not desire; mine ears hast thou opened: burnt offering and sin offering hast thou not required.

Jeremiah 4:3

כִּי-כֹה׀ אָמַר יְהוָֹה לְאִישׁ יְהוּדָה וְלִירוּשָׁלִַם נִירוּ לָכֶם נִיר וְאַֽל-תִּזְרְעוּ אֶל-קֹצִֽים׃
3
For thus saith the LORD to the men of Judah and Jerusalem, Break up your fallow ground, and sow not among thorns.

Acts 17:30

τοὺς μὲν οὖν χρόνους τῆς ἀγνοίας ὑπεριδὼν ὁ θεὸς τὰ νῦν παραγγέλλει τοῖς ἀνθρώποις πάσιν πανταχοῦ μετανοεῖν
30
And the times of this ignorance God winked at; but now commandeth all men every where to repent:

Isaiah 48:8

גַּם לֹֽא-שָׁמַעְתָּ גַּם לֹא יָדַעְתָּ גַּם מֵאָז לֹא-פִתְּחָה אָזְנֶךָ כִּי יָדַעְתִּי בָּגוֹד תִּבְגּוֹד וּפֹשֵׁעַ מִבֶּטֶן קֹרָא לָֽךְ׃
8
Yea, thou heardest not; yea, thou knewest not; yea, from that time that thine ear was not opened: for I knew that thou wouldest deal very treacherously, and wast called a transgressor from the womb.

Acts 3:19

μετανοήσατε οὖν καὶ ἐπιστρέψατε εἰς τὸ ἐξαλειφθῆναι ὑμῶν τὰς ἁμαρτίας ὅπως ἄν ἔλθωσιν καιροί ἀναψύξεως ἀπό προσώπου τοῦ κυρίου
19
Repent ye therefore, and be converted, that your sins may be blotted out, when the times of refreshing shall come from the presence of the Lord;

Ezekiel 18:30

לָכֵן אִישׁ כִּדְרָכָיו אֶשְׁפֹּט אֶתְכֶם בֵּית יִשְׂרָאֵל נְאֻם אֲדֹנָי יְהוִה שׁוּבוּ וְהָשִׁיבוּ מִכָּל-פִּשְׁעֵיכֶם וְלֹֽא-יִהְיֶה לָכֶם לְמִכְשׁוֹל עָוֹֽן׃
30
Therefore I will judge you, O house of Israel, every one according to his ways, saith the Lord GOD. Repent, and turn yourselves from all your transgressions; so iniquity shall not be your ruin.

Proverbs 1:22

עַד-מָתַי׀ פְּתָיִם תְּֽאֵהֲבוּ פֶתִי וְלֵצִים לָצוֹן חָמְדוּ לָהֶם וּכְסִילִים יִשְׂנְאוּ-דָֽעַת׃
22
How long, ye simple ones, will ye love simplicity? and the scorners delight in their scorning, and fools hate knowledge?

Proverbs 9:4

מִי-פֶתִי יָסֻר הֵנָּה חֲסַר-לֵב אָמְרָה לּֽוֹ׃
4
Whoso is simple, let him turn in hither: as for him that wanteth understanding, she saith to him,

Hosea 14:1

שׁוּבָה יִשְׂרָאֵל עַד יְהוָה אֱלֹהֶיךָ כִּי כָשַׁלְתָּ בַּעֲוֺנֶֽךָ׃
1
O Israel, return unto the LORD thy God; for thou hast fallen by thine iniquity.

James 4:8

ἐγγίσατε τῷ θεῷ καὶ ἐγγιεῖ ὑμῖν καθαρίσατε χεῖρας ἁμαρτωλοί καὶ ἁγνίσατε καρδίας δίψυχοι
8
Draw nigh to God, and he will draw nigh to you. Cleanse your hands, ye sinners; and purify your hearts, ye double minded.

Jeremiah 7:3

כֹּֽה-אָמַר יְהוָה צְבָאוֹת אֱלֹהֵי יִשְׂרָאֵל הֵיטִיבוּ דַרְכֵיכֶם וּמַֽעַלְלֵיכֶם וַאֲשַׁכְּנָה אֶתְכֶם בַּמָּקוֹם הַזֶּֽה׃
3
Thus saith the LORD of hosts, the God of Israel, Amend your ways and your doings, and I will cause you to dwell in this place.
Job 36:9
Read Job 36
Job 36:11