Job 39:25

בְּ דֵ֤י

בְּ

Prefix — preposition in, at, by, with

דֵ֤י

Root word enough, from, sufficient, able, since, …

Dictionary form: דַּי · dai

Noun — Common, masculine singular, construct state "___ of …" — bound to the next word

In the KJV here: among

from ×3 since ×3 enough ×2 able ×1 able to bring ×1 according to ×1 after ×1 after our ability ×1

More options

enough — Most neutral, broadly applicable rendering for sufficiency.

sufficient — Slightly more formal; good for legal or priestly contexts.

adequate — Modern alternative to 'sufficient'; fits prose narrative well.

as much as is needed — Idiomatic phrase; clarifies measure when context demands it.

ability — Use when דַּי expresses capacity or means, not quantity.

since — Temporal/causal use; fits constructions meaning 'from the time that'.

BDB1910 H1767

דַּי substantive sufficiency, enough (Late Hebrew, but not known in other cognate languages) — construct דֵּי, with suffix (see below) דַּיֶּ֑ךָּ, דַּיָּם: —

1. absolute thrice only Mal 3:10 I will pour you out a blessing עַדבְּֿלִידָֽֿי until there is not sufficiency, i.e. until my abundance can be exhausted, or, as this can never be, for ever (compare Ps 72:7), Esth 1:18 וּכְדַי בִּזָּיוֺן וָקָ֑צֶף and (there will be) as enough (i.e. in plenty) contempt and wrath, 2Chr 30:3 לְמַדַּי = לְמַהדַּֿי for what was sufficient. With a genitive of the person or thing for which anything suffices: Exod 36:5 מִדֵּי הָעֲבֹדָה (more) than enough for the work, Lev 5:7 and if his hand do not reach (if he do not command) דֵּי שֶׂה enough for (i.e. to buy) a lamb, Lev 12:8; Lev 25:28 דֵּי הָשִׁיב לוֺ enough for recovering it, Deut 15:8 דֵּי מַחְסֹרוֺ enough for his need, Isa 40:16 (twice in verse). With suffix Prov 25:16 אֱכֹל דַּיֶּ֑ךָּ eat that which is sufficient for thee; דַּיָּם Exod 36:7; Jer 49:9; Obad 1:5. Once with genitive of the thing which is sufficient, Prov 27:27 דֵּי חֲלֵב עִזִּים enough of goats' milk.

2. Combined with בְּ, כְּ, and especially מִן, דַּי (דֵּי) has a tendency to form compound prepositions, used idiomatically in certain applications: —
a. בְּדֵי (α) for (the בְּ pretii) what suffices for: Nah 2:13 the lion tare in pieces בְּדֵי גֹרוֺתָיו for the need of his whelps (|| לְלִבְאֹתָיו; but ? כְּדֵי, see b); iron. Hab 2:13; Jer 51:58 the peoples labour בְּדֵיאֵֿשׁ for fire (only to satisfy the fire), and the nations weary themselves בְּדֵירִֿיק for what is empty. (β) in the abundance of, i.e. as often as Job 39:25 בְּדֵי שׁוֺפָר in the abundance of the trumpet, i.e. as often as the trumpet sounds (מִדֵּי elsewhere in this sense).
b. כְּדֵי according to the sufficiency, or abundance, of Lev 25:26 and find כְּדֵי גְאֻלָּתוֺ according to the sufficiency of his redemption, i.e. as much as it demands, Deut 25:2; Neh 5:8 כְּדֵי בָנוּ (stative construct before בְּ: Ges^{«GKC:130»§ 130}, 1) 'quantum in nobis erat,' after our ability, Judg 6:5 they came כְּדֵי אַרְבֶּה לָרֹב according to the abundance of the locust in multitude (for which כָּאַרְבֶּה לָרֹב would ordinarily be said: compare Judg 7:12).
c. מִדֵּי out of the abundance of, hence as often as; — (α) followed by infinitive 1Sam 1:7 מִדֵּי עֲלֹתָהּ = as often as she went up, 1Sam 18:30; 1Kgs 14:28 (= 2Chr 12:11) 2Kgs 4:8; Isa 28:19 מִדֵּי עָבְרוֺ as often as it passeth over, Jer 31:20 (β) followed by substantive, Jer 48:27 מִדֵּי דְבָרֶיךָ בּוֺ as often as thy words (are) of him; and in the idiomatic phrases מִדֵּי שָׁנָה בְּשָׁנָה = yearly (a combination of מִדֵּי שָׁנָה and שָׁנָה בְּשָׁנָה: see below שָׁנָה) 1Sam 7:16 (see Dr) Zech 14:16; 2Chr 24:5 and מִדֵּי חֹדֶשׁ בְּחָדְשׁוֺ Isa 66:23 as often as month (comes) in its month (i.e. in its own time: חֹדֶשׁ made more precise by the add. of בְּחָדְשׁוֺ; compare the phrase דְּבַר יוֺם בְּיוֺמוֺ): so מִדֵּי שַׁבָּת בְּשַׁבַּתּוֺ ib.; (γ) as conjunction, with the finite verb (אֲשֶׁר being understood: compare בַּעֲבוּר etc.), Jer 20:8 מִדֵּי אֲדַבֵּר as often as I speak.

BDB4521 H1767 H4078 H4100

מַדַּי (i.e. מַהדַּֿי) 2Chr 30:3, see מה 1 e.

מִדֵּי see דַּי.

מִדְיָן, מְדִינָה see דין.

מִדְיָנִים see I. מדון. מְדֹכָה see דוך.

מַדְמֵן, I, II. מַדְמֵנָה, מַדְמַנָּה see דמן.

מְדָן see דין. מְדָנִים see מדון, מִדְיָנִי.

מַדַּע, מֹדַע, מֹדַ֫עַת see ידע.

[מַדְקָרָה], plural construct מַדְקְרוֺת see דקר.

מַדְרֵגָה see דרג. מְדֻרָה see דור.

[מִדְרָךְ] see דרך. [מִדְרָשׁ] see דרשׁ.

[מְדֻשָׁה] see דושׁ.

enough, from, sufficient, able, since, …

day

enough (as noun or adverb), used chiefly with preposition in phrases

sufficiency, enough

enough

שֹׁפָ֨ר

Root word trumpet, trumpets, cornet, cornets

Dictionary form: שׁוֹפָר · shoh-PAWR

Noun — Common, masculine singular, absolute state

In the KJV here: the trumpets

of the trumpet ×19 the trumpet ×11 with the trumpets ×8 a trumpet ×7 the trumpets ×5 trumpets ×4 ye the trumpet ×2 and the trumpets ×1

More options

ram's horn — Most precise; clarifies the instrument's actual material and form.

shofar — Retains Hebrew term; preferred in Jewish/liturgical contexts.

horn — Broad, simple term; good for general or non-specialist audiences.

signal horn — Emphasizes its function as a signaling instrument.

trumpet — Modernizes KJV; acceptable where brass connotation is not misleading.

BDB8995 H7782

שֹׁפָר, שׁוֺפָר₇₂ noun masculine^{Isa 27:13} horn, for blowing (Aramaic שׁיפורא √ dubious; CAdler^{PAOS 1889, Clxxi ff.} compare Assyrian šappar(u) a species of wild goat; in any case the ׳שׁ is a curved horn, as of cow or ram, compare Dr^{Amos 2:2} (with illustrations)); — absolute ׳שׁוֺ 2Sam 6:15 +, ׳שׁ Exod 19:16 +; construct שׁוֺפַר Lev 25:9 plural שׁוֺפָרוֺת Judg 7:22 +, construct שׁוֺפְרוֺת Josh 6:4 +; suffix שׁוֺפְרֹתֵיהֶם Judg 7:8 — horn, mostly as used in war, rarely, and chiefly late, as sacred instrument: Hos 8:1; Judg 7:8; Judg 7:16; Isa 58:1 (simile) Job 39:25 (׳בְּדֵי שׁ, see דַּי 2 a); (הַ)יּוֺבְלִים ׳שׁ Josh 6:4 rams' horns (see יבל), so vJosh 6:6 vJosh 6:8 vJosh 6:13 (all E); ׳קוֺל (הַ)שׁ Exod 19:16; Exod 19:19; Exod 20:18 (Gi vExod 20:15), Josh 6:5; Josh 6:20 (all E), Amos 2:2 + 13 t.; ׳תָּקַע בַּשּׁ = give a blast with the horn, Judg 3:27; Judg 6:34; Josh 6:4 + 9 t. Joshua, 1Sam 13:3; 1Kgs 1:34; 1Kgs 1:39 + 9 t., +(׳י subject) Zech 9:14 ׳תָּקַע שׁ Hos 5:8; Amos 3:6 (verb Niph`al), Jer 4:5 + 7 t., +׳תֹּקְעֵי הַשּׁ Josh 6:9 Qr (Kt תָּֽקְעוּ); compare לִתְקוֺעַ ׳הַשּׁ Judg 7:20, ׳בְּתֵקַע שׁ Ps 150:3 also תְּרוּעָה ׳הֶעֱבִיר שׁ Lev 25:9 a (H), compare vLev 25:9 b (P), וּתְרוּעָה ׳יוֺם שׁ Zeph 1:16 used on religious occasions, Josh 6:4ff.; Lev 25:9; Joel 2:1; Joel 2:15; Ps 47:6; Ps 81:4; Ps 98:6; Ps 150:3; 2Chr 15:14. — On ׳שׁ see Adler^{The Shophar (1894)} Dr^{Amos 2:2} Hpt^{We Psalms Transl. 221 f.} Abrahams^{Hast. DB TRUMPET}.

trumpet, trumpets, cornet, cornets

šôpār

a cornet (as giving a clear sound) or curved horn

horn, ram's horn

יֹ֘אמַ֤ר

Root word said, saying, saith, say, spake, …

Dictionary form: אָמַר · aw-MAHR

Verb — Qal, Imperfect (Yiqtol), third person masculine singular simple action — "he did" not-yet-complete action — try "he will ___" or "he ___s" the built-in subject is "he (or it)"

In the KJV here: he saith

said ×947 saying ×718 and said ×688 saith ×527 and he said ×343 then said ×139 say ×122 and say ×119

More options

say — Most versatile; fits nearly any context or register.

declare — Emphasizes formal or authoritative pronouncement.

tell — Prefer when communication to an audience is stressed.

speak — Highlights the act of oral expression itself.

command — Use when the utterance carries directive force.

think — Fits internal or reflective speech contexts.

BDB557 H559

אָמַר₅₂₈₇ verb utter, say (MI, Phoenician אמר, Aramaic אֲמַר, Ethiopic I. 2 shew, declare, Arabic command; perhaps √ אמר originally = be or make prominent, hence Hithpa`el below, אָמִיר; Sabean אמר lofty, epithet of king JHMordtm^{ZMG 1876, 37}; compare Dl^{Pr 28} who thinks original meaning hell, sichtbar sein, whence Assyrian amâru, see, & shew, declare, say) — Qal Perfect ׳א Gen 3:1 +, etc.; Imperfect יאֹמַר Gen 31:8 +; וַיּאֹ֫מֶר Gen 1:3 +; וַיּאֹמַ֑ר Gen 14:19 +; in Job always וַיּאֹ֑מַר Job 3:2 +; 3 feminine singular תּאֹמַר Gen 21:12 +; תּאֹמֵר֑ Prov 1:21 1 singular אֹמַר Gen 22:2 +; אוֺמְרָה Ps 42:10 וָאֹמַר Gen 20:13 +; וָאוֺמַר Neh 2:7; Neh 2:17; Neh 2:20 3 masculine plural יאֹמְדוּ Exod 4:1 + etc.; suffix יֹמְרוּךָ Ps 139:20 2 masculine plural תֹּמְדוּ 2Sam 19:14 ( compare Kö^{i. p. 385}); Imperative (אֱמָרֿ) אֱמֹר Gen 45:17 +, etc.; Infinitive absolute אָמוֺר Exod 21:5 +; construct אֱמֹר Ezek 25:8 +; (הַ)אֲמֹר Job 34:18 but read הָאֹמֵר ᵐ5 ᵑ9 Di, or better הֶאָמֹר Infinitive absolute with ה interrogative compare Ew :§ 328 d; suffix אָמְרִי Josh 6:10 +; אֲמָרְכֶם Jer 23:38 אֱמָרְכֶם Mal 1:7 +; לֵאמֹר Gen 1:22 +, etc.; Participle active אֹמֵר Gen 32:10 +, etc.; passive הֶאָמוּר Mic 2:7, but this grammatically indefensible, read הֶאָמוֺר, Infinitive absolute with ה interrogative, see Dr^{Expositor, April, 1887, 263}.

1. Say (subject God Gen 3:1 + or man Gen 32:5, serpent Gen 3:1, ass Num 22:28, horse יאֹמַר הֶאָח Job 39:25 etc.; inanimate things, personified Job 28:14 compare vJob 28:22 etc.; so in allegory or fable Judg 9:8; 2Kgs 14:9 etc.; especially in narration, וַיּאֹמֶר etc., Gen 4:6 + very often): mostly followed by thing said, either substantive Jer 14:17 (c. clause app.) Deut 27:16f.; Judg 12:6 pronoun Gen 44:16; 2Kgs 20:14 +; or (usually) clause Gen 1:3; Gen 3:1; Gen 37:20 + often (oratio recta [direct speech]); with adverb thus, so Gen 32:5; Num 20:14; 1Kgs 20:3; 1Kgs 20:5 + often; especially ׳כֹּה אָמַר י Exod 5:1; Exod 7:17; Exod 8:1; Exod 8:20; 1Chr 17:4 + often; the person addressed usually introduced by אֶל Gen 3:1; Gen 15:7; Gen 22:7; Lev 21:1; 2Sam 3:7; 1Kgs 12:5; 1Kgs 12:23, or לְ Gen 3:13; Gen 4:15; 1Sam 20:2; 2Sam 2:21; 1Kgs 14:2 + often; rarer combinations are, בְּאָזְנֵי ׳א Isa 49:20 (compare Isa 5:9 & see דבר); לִפְנֵי ׳א Ezek 28:9 לְעֵינֵי ׳א Deut 31:7; Josh 10:12; Jer 28:11 בְּ ׳א Joel 2:17; Ps 126:2, where בְּ local; in all cases usually followed by direct object of words said, Exod 19:25 being very singular; Gen 4:8 the object-clause has probably fallen out, compare Vrss Di; = mention, name, designate Gen 22:2; Gen 22:3; Gen 43:27; Gen 43:29; Exod 32:13; Num 14:40; 1Sam 10:16; 1Sam 16:3; 2Sam 6:22; Neh 6:19 compare Ps 139:20 יֹמְרוּךָ לִמְזִמָּה speak of thee for falsehood (but many, as Hup Pe Dy Che, read יַמְרוּךָ); = tell, declare, proclaim, (followed by direct object only) Ps 40:11; Ezek 13:7 in reply to question = answer Exod 12:27; Josh 4:7; 1Kgs 9:9; Jer 5:19; Jer 22:9. The object spoken of may be referred to by אֶל 2Kgs 19:32; Jer 22:18; Jer 27:19, or לְ Gen 20:13 אִמְרִי לִֹי say of me, etc. Deut 33:9; Judg 9:54; Isa 5:20; Ps 3:3; Ps 71:10, very rarely by a simple accusative Isa 3:10 (where read probably for אִמְרוּ, אַשְׁרֵי), except after אֲשֶׁר where the words used follow (compare אֲשֶׁר 4 d) Gen 3:17; Num 10:29; Num 14:31; Deut 28:68; Judg 7:4; 1Sam 9:17; 1Sam 9:23b 1Kgs 8:29; Lam 4:20 compare Num 21:16; 2Kgs 17:12; 2Kgs 21:4, & (two extreme cases) Isa 8:12; Lam 2:15 (see Dr^{Sm i. 24, 5}); ֶהאָמוּר Mic 2:7 read infinitive absolute with ה interrogative הֶאָמוֺר (see above) shall one say ? shall it be said ? After another verb of saying, introducing thing said: Deut 21:7; Deut 25:9; Deut 27:15; Song 2:10 +, even after אמר Gen 22:7; Lev 21:1; Jer 34:2; Esth 7:5 +; especially infinitive לֵאמֹר, after דבר Gen 8:15, צוה Gen 2:16, ענה Gen 44:16, ברך Gen 1:22, נשׁבע Gen 24:7, נדר Gen 28:20, etc.; after אמר 2Sam 3:18; 1Kgs 12:23; Ruth 4:4; 1Chr 21:18 +; after שׁלח 2Chr 35:21, שׁוּב Gen 32:7 compare also Gen 28:6; Gen 9:5; Gen 13:8; Gen 17:4; Deut 13:7; Judg 8:15; 1Sam 23:2; 1Kgs 13:3; Jer 32:3; Jer 37:9 +; also when subject of לֵאמֹר differs from that of pre-ceding clause Gen 31:1; Gen 38:13; Gen 38:24 etc.; after שׁמע Isa 37:9 = 2Kgs 19:9.

2. Say in the heart (= think) בלבב ׳א Deut 8:17 compare 1Kgs 12:26; Ps 10:6; Ps 10:11; Ps 10:13; Ps 14:1; Ps 35:25; Isa 14:13; Isa 47:8; Isa 47:10; Isa 49:21; Eccl 2:1; Eccl 2:15; Eccl 3:17; Eccl 3:18 לִלְבָבָם ׳א Hos 7:2 אֶללִֿבּוֺ ׳א Gen 8:21 said unto his heart (to himself), subject ׳י, compare 1Sam 27:1 אָֽמְרָה נַפֲשִׁי Lam 3:24 thence ׳א alone Gen 20:11; Gen 26:9; Num 24:11; Ruth 4:4; 1Sam 20:26; 2Sam 5:6; 2Sam 12:22; 2Kgs 5:11 followed by clause with כִּי Judg 15:2 in particular = desire מַהתּֿאֹמַר נַפְשְׁךָ 1Sam 20:4 compare Esth 2:13 followed by infinitive = purpose, Exod 2:14 thinkest thou to kill me, as thou killedst the Egyptian ? Josh 22:33; 1Sam 30:6; 1Kgs 5:19; 2Chr 28:10; 2Chr 28:13 expect 2Sam 21:16 he expected to slay David 2Chr 13:8; 2Chr 32:1.

3. Promise (followed by infinitive) 1Chr 27:23; 2Chr 21:7; Esth 4:7 (id. + ל of person) 2Kgs 8:19; Neh 9:15 (followed by accusative of direct object + ל of person + infinitive of purpose) Neh 9:23.

4. Command (especially late) followed by אֶלֿ of per-son addressed, Num 15:38; 1Chr 21:18 followed by ל Josh 11:9; 2Sam 16:11; 2Kgs 4:24; Job 9:7; Ps 106:34 (see below אֲשֶׁר 8 e); followed by infinitive 1Sam 24:11; 1Chr 21:17; 2Chr 1:18; 2Chr 29:27; 2Chr 29:30; 2Chr 31:11; 2Chr 35:21; Esth 1:17; Esth 4:13; Esth 4:15; Esth 6:1; Esth 9:14 followed by infinitive + ל of pers, 2Chr 14:3; 2Chr 29:21; 2Chr 31:4; followed by accusative direct object 2Chr 29:24 the king commanded the burnt-offering and the sin-offering, compare 1Kgs 5:20; Esth 2:15 followed by clause with אשׁר = that Neh 13:19 id. + ל of person vNeh 13:22 followed by clause with כִּי Job 36:10 absolute 1Sam 16:16 (read however probably יאמרו for יאמר, compare Dr); also Ps 105:31; Ps 105:34; Ps 107:25; 1Chr 14:12; 2Chr 24:8; Neh 13:9; Neh 13:19 (all followed by verb consecutive); command by letter עִםהַֿסֵּפֶר ׳א Esth 9:25 (followed by imperfect); appoint, assign לוֺ ׳לֶחֶם א 1Kgs 11:18 = threaten followed by infinitive Deut 9:25; Ps 106:23. Niph`al Perfect נֶאֱמַר Dan 8:26 Imperfect יֵאָמֵר Gen 22:14 +; יֵאָ֫מֶר לוֺ Isa 4:3 יֵאָמַ֑ר Gen 10:9 +; וַיֵּאָמַ֑ר Josh 2:2 be said, told Gen 10:9; Gen 22:14; Ps 87:5; Jer 4:11; Jer 16:14 (all absolute, indefinite subject, of current saying); so said in a book Num 21:14 be related, told, of vision Dan 8:26 said, told to (followed by ל indirect object) Josh 2:2; Hos 2:1 (twice in verse); Zeph 3:16 either so, or told concerning Num 23:23; Ezek 13:12 (אֶלֿ); יֵאָמֵר לָכֶם = ye shall be called (it shall be said to you) Isa 61:6 (|| תִּקָּרְאוּ), compare Isa 4:3; Isa 19:18; Isa 32:5 (|| יִקָּרֵא ל) Isa 62:4 (twice in verse); hence be called, of Tophet לֹאיֵֿאָמֵר עוֺד הַתֹּפֶת Jer 7:32 subject שֵׁם Gen 32:29; Job 34:31 כִּי אֶלאֵֿל הֶאָמַר, Rabb (compare AV) treat הֵאָמַר as Niph`al Infinitive for לְהֵאָמֵר, but against grammar; the form as it stands is Qal Perfect, אֶלאֵֿל being prefixed to the interrogative for emphasis (compare Jer 22:15; Jer 23:26; Neh 13:27), see Dr^{§ 9} Di and others; Hoffm., however, reads הֵאָמֵר infinitive absolute = imperative 'so must one speak (it be spoken) to God.' Hiph`il Perfect avow, avouch Deut 26:17 הֶאֱמַרְתָּ הַיּוֺם לִהְיוֺת לְךָ לֵאלֹהִים ׳אֶתיֿ; vDeut 26:18 ׳וי הֶאֱמִירְךָ היום להיות לוֺ לְעַם (literally cause to declare, i.e. through agency of Moses; on this & other interpretations see Di). Hithpa`el Imperfect יִתְאַמְּרוּ Ps 94:4 subject כָּלפֹּֿעֲלֵי אָ֑וֶן act proudly, boast (|| יַבִּיעוּ יְדַבְּרוּ עָתָק probably also 2 masculine plural תִּתְיַמָּ֑רוּ Isa 61:6 (in good sense, followed by בְּ of thing gloried in) ᵑ6 ᵑ9 ᵑ7 & compare ᵐ5; Ges^Comm. so De Che Kö^{i. 457 f.} (from [ימר] exchange Thes Hi Kn Ew Di; but see ימר, מור).

BDB9309 H560 H559

אֲמַר₇₁ verb say, tell, command (Biblical Hebrew אָמַר); —

Pe Perfect 3 masculine singular ׳א Dan 2:12 +, אֲמַ֑ר Dan 7:1 3 feminine singular אֲמֶ֫רֶר Dan 5:10 (K^{§ 38, 1 a}); 1 singular אַמְרֵת Dan 4:5 1 plural אֲאַ֫רְנָא Dan 5:4; Dan 5:9, etc.; Imperfect 3 masculine singular יֵאמַר (K^{§ 41}) Dan 2:7 +; 2 masculine plural תֵּאמְרוּן Jer 10:11, etc.; Imperative masculine singular אֱמַר Jer 2:4 +; masculine plural אֱמַרוּ Jer 2:9 Infinitive לְמֵאמַר vJer 2:9, לְמֵמַ֑ר Ezra 5:11 (K^{§ 41 a}); Participle אְמַר Dan 2:5 + often, plural אָֽמְרִין Dan 3:4; Ezra 5:3 +; —

1. say (often in phrase answer and say): followed by oratio recta [direct speech] (only), Dan 2:7; Dan 2:10 + 13 t. Daniel; Ezra 5:11 + ל person Dan 2:5; Dan 3:14 + 14 t. Daniel [plural with indefinite subject for passive Dan 4:28], Ezra 5:15 + קְָדָס person Dan 2:9; Dan 5:17; Dan 6:13; Dan 6:14 + כֵּן Dan 4:11; Dan 7:23, כֵּן with ל person Ezra 5:8; Dan 2:24; Dan 2:25; Dan 6:7, compare Dan 7:5 + כְּנֵמָא with ל person Ezra 5:4; Ezra 5:9 + כִּדְנָךְ with ל person Jer 10:11 followed by accusative of thing + עַל person against whom Dan 3:29.

2. relate, tell: followed by accusative of thing Dan 4:6; Dan 4:15; Dan 7:1, + ל person Dan 2:4; Dan 2:9; Dan 2:7; Dan 7:16 (accusative of thing omitted), + קְָדָם person Dan 2:36; Dan 4:4; Dan 4:5.

3. command: followed by infinitive Dan 2:12; Dan 2:46 + 6 t. Daniel; followed by finite verb Dan 5:29; Dan 6:17; Dan 6:23 followed by ל person + or. rect. Dan 3:4 [pl. with indefinite subject, for passive, K^{§ 76 e}, so Dan 4:23].

said, saying, saith, say, spake, …

ʾāmar

to say (used with great latitude)

to say, speak, utter

(Qal) to say, to answer, to say in one's heart, to think, to command, to promise, to intend

הֶאָ֗ח

Particle an exclamation — "behold!", "oh!"

Dictionary form: הֶאָח · heh-AW

Particle — Interjection

In the KJV here: ha ha

aha ×8 ah ×1 ha ha ×1 unto me aha ×1 you aha ×1

More options

aha — Standard modern rendering; triumph or malicious glee.

ha — Shorter, sharper; suits contempt or sudden realization.

gotcha — Colloquial; highlights triumphant catching of an enemy.

yes — Neutral exclamation; use when gloating tone is understated.

ah — Softer register; fits sorrowful or ironic contexts.

BDB2039 H1889

הֶאָח interjection (onomatopoetic) expressing joy, Aha! always introduced by אָמַר, Isa 44:16 he says, Aha, I am warm, I have seen the fire. Of satisfaction over the misfortune of an enemy or rival, Ps 35:21; Ps 35:25 let them not say in their heart הֶאָח נַפְשֵׁנוּ Aha, so would we have it ! (lit our desire !) Ps 40:16 (= Ps 70:4), Ezek 25:3; Ezek 26:2; Ezek 36:2. Metaph., of the neighing of a war horse in the battle, Job 39:25.

aha, ha, ah

heʾāḥ

aha!

aha!

וּֽ֭ מֵ רָחוֹק

וּֽ֭

Prefix — connector and (sometimes: but, so, then)

מֵ

Prefix — preposition from, out of

רָחוֹק

Root word off, far, ago, come, old, …

Dictionary form: רָחוֹק · raw-HOKE

Adjective — masculine singular, absolute state

In the KJV here: afar off

afar off ×19 far off ×8 from far ×8 far ×5 from a far ×5 is far ×3 for a great while to come ×2 long ago ×2

More options

distant — Most versatile modern adjective; fits spatial and temporal senses.

far away — Natural spoken English; good for spatial distance.

remote — Implies inaccessibility or isolation; slightly formal register.

far off — Modernized KJV form; retains poetic feel for prophetic texts.

long ago — Use specifically when רָחוֹק refers to temporal distance in the past.

far-reaching — Prefer when distance implies scope or consequence.

BDB7885 H7350

רָחֹק, רָחוֺק adjective distant, far, and noun masculine^{Josh 3:4} distance (Lag^{BN 31}); — absolute רָחֹק Exod 2:4 +, רָחוֺק Ezek 6:12 +; feminine singular רְחֹקָה Deut 30:11 +, רְחוֺקָה Josh 9:6 +; masculine plural רְחֹקִים Deut 13:8 +, etc., feminine plural absolute רְחֹקוֺת Jer 48:24 +, etc.; — often opposed to קָרוֺב:

1. adjective a. of space: distant, land Josh 9:6; Josh 9:9 (+ מְאֹד), Deut 29:21; 1Kgs 8:41; 1Kgs 8:46 = 2Chr 6:32; 2Chr 6:36; 2Kgs 20:14 = Isa 39:3, ׳אִיִּים ר Isa 66:19 + perhaps Ps 65:6 (Che We read אִיִּם for יָם; Weir in Che גּוֺיִם; ᵑ0 makes ׳ר = distant ones, people); with מִן person, of peoples Josh 9:22 (JE), Judg 18:7, persons Ezek 22:5; Neh 4:13; Prov 15:29 (׳י, figurative), compare Jer 12:2 (id.,), cities Deut 20:15, so (מִן local) Judg 18:28 absolute of people Joel 4:8, persons Isa 33:13; Isa 57:19; Jer 25:26; Ezek 6:12; Zech 6:15; Prov 27:10; Dan 9:7; Esth 9:20, cities Jer 48:24, trees Ps 56:1 (title; see יוֺנָה near the end, p. 401), of distant journey Num 9:10 (P); figurative, רָחוֺק predicate (indefinite) Eccl 7:24, of ׳י's מִצְוָה Deut 30:11 with מִן person (i.e. absent from, lacking to), of salvation Ps 119:155, wisdom Eccl 7:23 of person with מִן of act or quality Isa 46:12; Ps 22:2 of price, with מִן compare = far beyond Prov 31:10.
b. of time: לְעִתִּים רְחוֺקוֺת Ezek 12:27.

2. noun masculine always singular:
a. of space: distance Josh 3:4 (D); elsewhere with preposition: (1) ׳מֵר from a distance, with verbs implying motion, physical or mental: look Gen 24:4 (E) Gen 37:18 (J) Job 2:12; Job 36:25 bring Deut 28:49; Isa 43:6; Isa 60:9, compare Jer 46:27 come Isa 49:12; Isa 60:4; Hab 1:8 hear Isa 49:1 smell Job 39:25 remember Jer 51:50 probably also worship Exod 24:1 (J); (2) ׳מֵר at a distance (מִן 1 c) Exod 2:4 (E), Exod 20:18; Exod 20:21 (E; Gi vExod 20:15 vExod 20:18), 1Sam 26:13; 2Kgs 2:7; Isa 5:26; Isa 59:14; Ps 38:12, compare ׳אֱלֹהֵי מֵר Jer 23:23 a God afar off (on construct of. Ges^{«GKC:130a»§ 130a}; < read ׳אלהים ר Gie, compare ᵐ5); (3) ׳מֵר to a distance (מִן 1 c) Isa 22:3; Isa 23:7; Prov 7:19 (4) ׳בְּר at a distance Ps 10:1 ׳עַדרֿ to a distance Mic 4:3 also with two prepp.: (5) ׳לְמֵר from (מִן 9 b), Job 36:3; Job 39:29 (6) ׳עַדמֵֿר (III. עַד I. 1 a) to a distance Isa 57:9 + Neh 12:43 van d. H. (עַד omitted by Baer Gi); even (7) ׳עַדלְֿמֵר (עַד III.) 2Chr 26:15; Ezra 3:13.
b. of time, ׳מֵר long ago Isa 22:11, with noun = ancient, of long standing Isa 25:1 ׳לְמֵר long ago 2Kgs 19:25 = Isa 37:26 from afar 2Sam 7:19 = 1Chr 17:17.

**Ps 139:2.

BDB9901 H7350 H7368

רחק (√ of following; see Biblical Hebrew רחק, רָחוֺק).

off, far, ago, come, old, …

rāḥôq

remote, literally or figuratively, of place or time; specifically, precious; often used adverbially (with preposition)

(adj) remote, far, distant, distant lands, distant ones

of distance, time

from a distance (with prep)

יָרִ֣יחַ

Root word smell, smelled, smelleth, toucheth, understanding, …

Dictionary form: רוּחַ · ROO-ah

Verb — Hiphil, Imperfect (Yiqtol), third person masculine singular causative — "he made (someone) do" not-yet-complete action — try "he will ___" or "he ___s" the built-in subject is "he (or it)"

In the KJV here: and he smelleth

smell ×3 against me let him accept ×1 and he smelled ×1 and he smelleth ×1 and shall make him of quick understanding ×1 and smelled ×1 have they but they smell not ×1 to smell ×1

More options

smell — Most direct rendering; covers perceiving an odor.

sniff — Vivid, physical act; good for animal or sensory contexts.

inhale — Emphasizes drawing in breath; suits poetic or elevated prose.

detect by scent — Useful when the act of discerning is foregrounded.

take delight in — Captures the figurative sense of acceptance or pleasure.

perceive — Broad; fits the extended sense of understanding or insight.

BDB7799 H7306

[רִיחַ] verb denominative Hiph`il (?),smell, perceive odour; -Imperfect 3 masculine singular יָרִיחַ Job 39:25, יָרַח 1Sam 26:19 + 2 t.; וַיָּ֫רַח Gen 8:21 3 masculine plural יְרִיח֑וּן Ps 115:6, יְרִיחֻ֑ן Deut 4:28, etc.; Infinitive construct הָרִיחַ Exod 30:38, etc.; — smell, with accusative Gen 8:21; Gen 27:27 (JE), 1Sam 26:19 absolute Deut 4:28; Ps 115:6 metaphor בּהֲרִיחוֺ אֵשׁ Judg 16:9, יָרִיחַ מִלְחָמָה Job 39:25 the horse scenteh battle; with ב Exod 30:38; Lev 26:31 (both P); metaphor = delight in Amos 5:21; Isa 11:3 (probably dittograph Br^{MP 202}).

smell, smelled, smelleth, toucheth, understanding, …

rûaḥ

properly, to blow, i.e., breathe; only (literally) to smell or (by implication, perceive (figuratively, to anticipate, enjoy)

(Hiphil) to smell, scent, perceive odor, accept

of horse

מִלְחָמָ֑ה

Root word war, battle, wars, battles, fight, …

Dictionary form: מִלְחָמָה · mil-haw-MAW

Noun — Common, feminine singular, absolute state

In the KJV here: the battle

of war ×61 to battle ×28 war ×28 the battle ×18 to war ×12 in the battle ×11 to the battle ×11 and the battle ×10

More options

war — Broadest term; suits large-scale or prolonged conflict.

battle — Prefer for a single, specific engagement or clash.

combat — Emphasizes active fighting; good for military action contexts.

warfare — Highlights the ongoing process or conduct of war.

conflict — Neutral, formal register; suits diplomatic or narrative prose.

fight — Colloquial; fits informal or direct speech contexts.

BDB4394 H4421

מִלְחָמָה₈₁₉ noun feminine battle, war; — absolute ׳מ Gen 14:2; Gen 14:8; Exod 1:10 +; construct מִלְהֶ֫מֶת 1Sam 13:22 (מִכְמָשׁ ׳מ ᵐ5 Th We Bu HPS Ew^{§ 188 c} Kö^{ii. 182 > absolute} Thes and others); suffix מִלְחַמְתִּי 2Chr 35:21 מִלְחַמְתְּךָ 2Sam 11:25 מִלְחַמְתֶּ֑ךָ Isa 41:12, etc.; plural מִלְחָמוֺת Isa 42:13 + 7 t. Chronicles, Psalms; construct מִלְחֲמוֺת Judg 3:1 +, etc.; — battle, Gen 14:8; 1Sam 17:1; 1Sam 17:2; 1Sam 17:8; 1Sam 31:3; 1Kgs 20:14; 1Kgs 20:18; 1Kgs 20:29; 1Kgs 20:39 + often; war, Gen 14:2; Exod 1:10; Deut 20:12; Josh 11:23; Josh 14:15; 2Sam 3:1 (אֲרֻכָּה וַתְּהִי הַמִּלְחָמָה) +; מִלְחֲמוֺת כְּנָ֑עַן Judg 3:1 ׳סֵפֶד מִלְחֲמֹת י Num 21:14 (JE); accusative of congnate meaning with verb with נלחם 1Sam 8:20; 2Chr 32:8 and (׳מִלְחֲמוֺת י) 1Sam 18:17; 1Sam 25:28; = art of war, ׳למד מ Isa 2:4 learn war = Mic 4:3 ׳למּד מ Judg 3:2 teach war, fighting; ׳מְלַמֵּד יָדַי לַמּ 2Sam 22:35 = Ps 18:35, compare Ps 144:1 ׳לְמוּדֵי מ 1Chr 5:18, ׳מְלֻמְּדֵי מ Song 3:8 instructed in war; once = battlefield וַיָּבֹאוּ ׳עַד הַמּ 1Sam 14:20 (so Kit^KauAT). The most frequent phrases are: ׳אִישׁ מ Isa 3:2; 1Sam 16:18; 1Sam 17:33; 2Sam 17:8; Ezek 39:20; Josh 17:1 (P), also (collective) Judg 20:17, of ׳י Exod 15:3 (poem); ׳אַנְשֵׁי הַמּ Josh 6:3; Josh 10:24 (both J E), Deut 2:14; Deut 2:16; Josh 5:4; Josh 5:6 (all D), Jer 38:4; Jer 39:4; Jer 41:3; Jer 41:16; Jer 49:26; Jer 51:32; Jer 52:7; Jer 52:25, also 1Kgs 9:22; 2Kgs 25:4; Num 31:28; Num 31:49 (P), Joel 4:9 late ׳אַנְשֵׁי מ Joel 2:7; 1Chr 12:39 (38 van d. H) 2Chr 8:9; 2Chr 17:13 אִישׁ מִלְחָמוֺת Isa 42:13; 1Chr 28:3 אַנְשֵׁי מִלְחַמְתָּהּ Jer 50:30 her men of war, compare Isa 41:12; Ezek 27:10; Ezek 27:27 אִישׁ מִלְחֲמוּת תֹּעִי 2Sam 8:10 a man of battles of Toi, i.e. his frequent opponent (see Dr), = 1Chr 18:10 seldom ׳גִּבּוֺר מ Ps 24:8 (f ׳י), ׳גִּבּוֺרֵי מ 2Chr 13:3 שָׂרֵי מִלְחָמוֺת 2Chr 32:6 ׳עַם הַמּ Josh 8:1; Josh 8:3; Josh 10:7; Josh 11:7, compare Josh 8:11 (all J E), compare also 1Sam 13:16 add. ᵐ5 We Dr, compare Klo; ׳אַנְשֵׁי חַיִל לַמּ Jer 48:14 ׳צְבָא מ battle-host Isa 13:4, so ׳הַמּ ׳צ Num 31:14 (P); also ׳גְּדוּדֵי צְבָא מ 1Chr 7:4, ׳לַמּ ׳יֹצְאֵי צ v1Chr 7:11 ׳אַנְשֵׁי צָבָא לַמּ 1Chr 12:9 (8 van d. H) ; weapons of war, ׳כְּלֵי (ה)מ Judg 18:11; Judg 18:17; Jer 21:4; Jer 51:20; 1Chr 12:34 (33 van d. H), also figurative 2Sam 1:27 ׅ || (גִבּוֺרִים; ׳כְּלֵי צְבָא מ 1Chr 12:38 (37 van d. H); ׳קֶשֶׁת מ Zech 9:10; Zech 10:4 כְּלֵי מִלְחַמְתּוֺ his weapons of war 1Sam 8:12; Deut 1:41, compare Judg 18:16; ׳דִּבְרֵי הַמּ = the news of the battle 2Sam 11:18; 2Sam 11:19 + v2Sam 11:22 add. ᵐ5 The We Klo Dr Bu. Frequently combined with verbs are: ׳עָרַךְ מ draw up battle-line Judg 20:22 +, followed by אֵת with = against Gen 14:8; Judg 20:20, followed by עִם 2Chr 13:3 ׳אסר המּ i. e. begin the battle 1Kgs 20:14, compare 2Chr 13:3 ׳וַתִּקְרַב הַמּ 1Kgs 20:29 and the battle was joined; ׳עָשָׂה מ make war Prov 20:8; Prov 24:6; 1Chr 22:8, followed by אֵת with Gen 14:2; Josh 11:18 (D), followed by עִם Deut 20:12; Deut 20:20; 1Chr 5:10; 1Chr 5:19 עִם ׳יָצָא לַמּ Judg 20:14; Judg 20:20; Judg 20:28, with עַל 1Kgs 8:44; 2Chr 6:34 עִם ׳הָלַךְ לַמּ 2Kgs 8:28 עַם ׳נגשׁ לַמּ Judg 20:23, with בְּ 1Sam 7:10; 2Sam 10:3, absolute Jer 46:3; עִם ׳וַתְּהִי הַמּ 2Sam 21:18; 2Sam 21:19, with בֵּין 2Sam 3:1, compare v2Sam 3:6 +; ׳קִדַּשׁ מ consecrate war, i.e. open a campaign (with sacred rites, Che) Mic 3:5; Jer 6:4 (both withעל), Joel 4:9 compare ׳הִדְבִּיקָתְהוּ וְהַמּ Judg 20:42 and the battle clung to them; ׳וַתַּעֲלֶה הַמּ Judg 22:35 and the battle rose (high) = 2Chr 18:34 ׳וַתִּטּשׁ הַמּ 1Sam 4:2, read ׳וַתֵּט הַמּ (ᵐ5 We Klo Bu, compare Dr) and the battle inclined (in favour of one side); ׳נָפוֺצֶת הַמּ 2Sam 18:8 Qr the battle was spread (extended), so read 1Sam 14:24 add. ᵐ5 The We Klo Dr; ׳תָּקוּם עָלַי מ Ps 27:3 if war rise against me; כָּבֵ֑דָה ׳הַמּ Judg 20:34 the battle was severe, compare אֶלשָֿׁאוּל ׳וַתִּכְבַּד הַמּ 1Sam 31:3 = 1Chr 10:3 (על for אל); so חֲזָקָה ׳וַתְּהִי הַמּ 1Sam 14:52, חָזַק מִמֶּנּוּ ׳הַמּ 2Kgs 3:26 קָשָׁה ׳וַתְּהִי הַמּ 2Sam 2:17: compare ׳כֹּבֶד מ Isa 21:15, ׳עֱזוּז מ Isa 42:25.

war, battle, wars, battles, fight, …

milḥāmâ

a battle (i.e., the engagement); generally, war (i.e., war-fare)

battle, war

רַ֥עַם

Root word thunder

Dictionary form: רַעַם · ra-AM

Noun — Common, masculine singular, construct state "___ of …" — bound to the next word

In the KJV here: the thunder

of thy thunder ×2 of him but the thunder ×1 of thunder ×1 the thunder ×1 with thunder ×1

More options

thunder — Most direct, universally understood modern equivalent.

thunderclap — Emphasizes a single, sudden crack of thunder.

thunderbolt — Suggests power and striking force; vivid imagery.

roar of thunder — Captures the rumbling, reverberating quality of the sound.

peal of thunder — Formal register; suits poetic or elevated prose contexts.

BDB8022 H7482

רַ֫עַם noun [masculine] thunder; — ascribed to ׳׃ י ׳ר absolute Isa 29:6, בְּסֵתֶר רַ֑עַם Ps 81:8 (Baer Gi; i.e. thunder-cloud); suffix קוֺל רַעַמְךָ Ps 77:19; Ps 104:7 construct רַעַם גבורתו Job 26:14 (figurative of ׳י's display of might; opposed to שֵׁמֶץ); figurative of captains, שָׂרִים ׳ר Job 39:25, i.e. thunderous shouting ( + תְּרוּעָה).

thunder

raʿam

a peal of thunder

thunder

שָׂ֝רִים

Root word princes, captains, captain, chief, rulers, …

Dictionary form: שַׂר · sahr

Noun — Common, masculine plural, absolute state plural — usually add "-s"

In the KJV here: of the captains

the princes ×55 the captains ×28 and the princes ×21 princes ×18 the captain ×18 captains ×14 and captains ×13 captain ×13

More options

commander — Best for military contexts; clear and modern.

official — Broad civil/administrative use; fits non-military leaders.

prince — Retain for royal/noble rank; modernizes KJV directly.

chief — Good for head of a group or department.

governor — Prefer when regional administrative authority is stressed.

leader — General-purpose; use when rank is vague or inclusive.

BDB5544 H5493 H5494 H3249 H5637 H8269

סוּר and (Hos 9:12) [שׂוּד]₃₀₀ verb turn aside (Late Hebrew Hiph`il cause to turn aside, or apostatize; Tel Amarna sûru, noun rebel Wkl^Gloss); —

Qal₁₆₁ Perfect masculine singular סָר Exod 3:4 +; 3 feminine singular סָ֫רָה 1Sam 16:14 +; 1 singular סָ֑רְתִּי Ps 119:102 3 plural סָרוּ Deut 9:12 +; 2 masculine plural סַרְתֶּם vDeut 9:16 +, etc.; Imperfect 3 masculine singular יָסוּר Gen 49:10 +, וַיָּ֫מַר Judg 4:18 +; 3 feminine singular תָּסוּר 1Sam 6:3 +; 1 singular cohortative אָסֻ֫רָה Exod 3:3 3 masculine plural יָסֻ֫רוּ Exod 25:15 +, etc.; Imperative masculine singular סוּר 2Sam 2:22 +, etc.; Infinitive absolute סוֺר Dan 9:5, סֹר vDan 9:11 construct סוּר Isa 7:17 +; suffix שׂוּרִי Hos 9:12 (Ges^{«GKC:6k»§ 6k} Now); Participle סָר Job 1:1 +; feminine construct סָרַת Prov 11:22 masculine plural construct סָרֵי Jer 6:28 (or from סרר, or שָׂר); passive feminine סוּרָה Isa 49:21, with intransitive meaning (Ges^{«GKC:50f»§ 50f} Kö^{ii. 1, 137}), plural suffix סוּרַי Jer 17:13 Qr; and construct סוּרֵי Jer 2:21 —

1. turn aside, out of one's course 1Sam 6:12; Deut 2:27, from following, מֵאַחֲרֵי person 2Sam 2:21; 2Sam 2:22, absolute v2Sam 2:23, from attacking, מֵעַל 2Chr 20:10 turn in unto (for shelter, refuge, etc.), with אֶלֿ, Gen 19:2; Gen 19:3 (J) Judg 4:18 (3 t. in verse); Judg 19:11; Judg 19:12; 2Kgs 4:11, with לְ Judg 20:8, with שָׁם Judg 18:3; Judg 19:15, שָׁ֫מָה Judg 18:15; 2Kgs 4:8 ( + infinitive), v2Kgs 4:10 with הֵ֫נָּה Prov 9:4; Prov 9:16 (in figurative); for purpose implied Exod 3:3 (J) Ruth 4:1 (twice in verse), or expressed by infinitive Exod 3:4 (J) Judg 14:8; Jer 15:5 (in figurative); especially figurative turn aside from right path, from ׳י, his commands, etc., usually with מִן Exodus (J) Judg 2:17; Deut 9:12 + 7 t. D, Prov 13:14 + 5 t. Proverbs, + 10 t. elsewhere, + 2Chr 8:15 (insert מִן); with מֵאַחֲרֵי 1Sam 12:20 + 4 t.; with מֵעַל Jer 32:40; Ezek 6:9 מִן + יָמִין etc. Deut 5:29; Deut 17:11; 2Kgs 22:2 = 2Chr 34:2 absolute (sometimes = revolt) Ps 14:3; Jer 5:23; Deut 11:16; Deut 17:17 (subject לֵבָב), וְסוּרַי Jer 17:13 Qr (> יסורי Kt) read probably וְסוּרֶיךָ those revolting from thee (Ew Gie); סוּרֵי הַגֶּפֶן נָכְרִיָּה Jer 2:21 degenerate (shoots) of the foreign vine (figurative); סָרַת טַעַם Prov 11:22 a woman turning aside as to discretion, shewing lack of it; also from wrong path, sins (of Jeroboam), etc., with מִן 2Kgs 3:3; 2Kgs 14:24 + 7 t. 2 Kings; with מֵעַל 2Kgs 10:31; 2Kgs 15:18 with מֵאַחֲרֵי 2Kgs 10:29 סָר מֵרָע (participle) Job 1:1; Job 1:8; Job 2:3 also Isa 59:15 סוּר מֵרָע (infinitive and imperative) Job 28:28; Prov 3:7; Prov 13:19; Prov 16:6; Prov 16:17; Ps 34:16; Ps 37:27.

2. depart, usually with מִן, of frogs Exod 8:7, flies v.Exod 8:25 (both J), sword 2Sam 12:10 sceptre from Judah Gen 49:10 (poem in J): ׳י's hand 1Sam 6:3, his kindness 2Sam 7:15 (ᵑ0, but read אָסִיר ᵐ5 ᵑ6 ᵑ9 || 1Chr 17:13 Th We Dr Klo Bu Kit HPS), his wrath Ezek 16:42 (but strike out Co Siegf Toy), depart from way = get out of the way, cease to obstruct Isa 30:11, etc.; with מִתּוֺךְ 1Sam 15:6 (twice in verse); with מֵעַל Isa 7:17; Judg 16:19; Num 12:10, etc.; of ׳י departing, מִן person, Hos 9:12, מֵעַל Judg 16:20; 1Sam 28:16, מֵעִם 1Sam 18:12 God, with מִן Job 21:14; Job 22:17, with מֵעַל 1Sam 28:16, ׳רוּחֵ י, with מֵעִם 1Sam 16:14 evil spirit, with מֵעַל v1Sam 16:23 absolute depart [from Babylon] Isa 52:11 (twice in verse); = avoid contact Lam 4:15 (3 t. in verse); of wicked Job 15:30 he shall not depart out of (מִנִּי) darkness, i.e. shall not avoid it, escape it; passive participle made to depart, thrust away, of Israel under figure of wife Isa 49:21 (> active, according to Ba^{NB § 124 c}).

3. of lifeless things = be removed, oppressors's yoke, with מֵעַל Isa 14:25 compare vIsa 14:25; Isa 10:27 staves from (מִן) ark Exod 25:16 absolute inquity Isa 6:7 especially of בָּמוֺת 1Kgs 15:14; 1Kgs 22:44; 2Kgs 12:4; 2Kgs 14:4; 2Kgs 15:4; 2Kgs 15:35; 2Kgs 2:17; 2Kgs 20:33.

4. = come to an end, Amos 6:7; Isa 11:13. — For סָר אֶלֿ 1Sam 22:14 read שָׂר עַלֿ ᵐ5 Th Dr Klo Bu Kit Löhr HPS; in 1Sam 15:32 Th HPS strike out סָר (after ᵐ5 ᵑ9 ᵑ6) as dittograph; סָר סָבְאָם Hos 4:18 see סֹבֶא; Hos 7:14 read יָס֫וֺרוּ for יָס֫וּרוּ (√ סרר q. v.); Jer 6:28, it is uncertain whether (סוֺרְרִים) סָרֵי belongs here, revolters among the rebellious, or below סרר, or even = שָׂרֵי princes, chiefs (compare 1Sam 22:14). Pô`lel Perfect 3 masculine singular סוֺרֵר דְּרָכָיו Lam 3:11 he turned aside my ways (my steps).

Hiph`il₁₃₃ Perfect 3 masculine singular הֵסִיר 2Kgs 18:4 +; 2 masculine singular וַהֲסִרֹ֫תָ consecutive (Dr^{§ 110(5) Obs.}) 1Kgs 3:31 1 singular הֲסִירֹ֫תִי 2Kgs 23:27 +, וַהֲסִרֹתִ֫י 1Sam 17:46 +; 3 plural הֵסִ֫ירוּ 2Chr 30:14, etc.; Imperfect 3 masculine singular יָסִיר Isa 3:18 +, jussive יָסֵר Exod 8:4 +, וַיָּ֫סַר Gen 8:13 +; suffix וַיְסִרֵהוּ 1Sam 18:13, וַיְסִרֶהָ 1Kgs 15:13, יְסִירֶנָּה Lev 3:4 +; 3 masculine plural יָסִ֫ירוּ Isa 5:23 +, etc.; Imperative masculine singular הָסֵר 1Kgs 20:24 +, הָסִיר Ezek 21:31 (read הָסֵיר, הָסֵר); feminine singular הָסִ֫ירִי 1Sam 1:14, etc.; Infinitive absolute הָסֵר Gen 30:32 +; construct הָסִיר 2Kgs 6:32 +, etc.; Participle מֵסִיר Isa 3:1 + 3 t.; —

1. cause to (turn aside,) depart, common word for remove, take away: with מִן, Exod 8:4; Exod 8:27; Exod 33:23 (all J), Exod 23:25 (E) Deut 7:15; 1Sam 28:3; Josh 7:13 (J) Judg 10:16; Isa 3:1; Ps 18:23 (+ || 2Sam 22:23, read אָסִיר מִמֶּנִּי De Hup-Now HPS); shoulder from burden Ps 81:7 מֵסִיר אָזְנוֺ מִשְּׁמֹעַ Prov 28:9 + often, + Job 33:17 (insert מִן ᵐ5 Ew Di De Hi Bu and others); with מֵעַל, take off ring Gen 41:42 (E) Esth 3:10, also Esth 8:2 (absolute); garments Gen 38:14; Gen 38:19 (J) Deut 21:13; Zech 3:4; 1Sam 17:39 (armour), also Exod 34:34 (P; absolute) and Ezek 26:16 (Co insert מֵעַל); take off head, מֵעַל 1Sam 17:46, absolute 2Sam 4:7; 2Sam 16:9; 2Sam 2:32 with מֵעַל also often figurative (from upon = from resting on, or burdening), plagues Exod 8:4; Exod 10:17 (J), compare Num 21:7 (E), also 1Sam 1:14; Amos 5:23; 1Kgs 2:31 reproach 1Sam 17:26; Isa 25:8 c, מֵעִם = from one's presence 1Sam 18:13, also of ׳י removing kindness 1Chr 16:13 = || 2Sam 7:15 (see

Qal 2.); with מֵעַל פָּנָיו, of ׳י removing Israel 2Kgs 17:18; 2Kgs 17:23; 2Kgs 23:27; 2Kgs 24:3; Jer 32:31 absolute 2Kgs 23:27 often absolute, Gen 8:13 Noah removed the covering; remove = depose with מִן 1Kgs 15:13 = 2Chr 15:16 (see מִן 7 b
(b)), absolute 2Chr 36:3, compare Judg 9:29; Job 34:20 remove בָּמוֺת, etc., 2Kgs 18:4, v2Kgs 18:22 = Isa 36:7 = 2Chr 32:12; 2Kgs 23:19; 2Chr 30:14; 2Chr 14:2, compare 2Chr 14:4; 2Chr 17:5 (both with מִן); = put away strange gods, etc., Gen 35:2; Josh 24:14; Josh 24:23 (all E), 1Sam 7:4, with מִתּוֺךְ v1Sam 7:3; Isa 58:9 once with לְ, מֵסִיר שָׂפָה לְנֶאֱמָנִים Job 12:20.

2. rarer uses are: put aside = leave undone Josh 11:15 (D); retract words Isa 31:2 (of ׳י); reject prayer Ps 66:20 abolish sacrifice Dan 11:31 turn one away מֵאַחֲרֵי, i.e. from following Deut 7:4 with אֶלֿ person, remove the ark unto 2Sam 6:10 = 1Chr 13:13.Hoph`al Perfect 3 masculine singular הוּסַר Lev 4:31; Dan 12:11 Imperfect 3 masculine singular יוּסַר Lev 4:35 Participle מוּסָר Isa 17:1 plural מוּסָרִים 1Sam 21:7 (but final ם probably dittograph before מ We Dr Klo Kit HPS); — be taken away, removed: with מִן Lev 4:35, מֵעַל vLev 4:31, ׳מִלִּפְנֵי י 1Sam 21:7 מוּסָר מֵעִיר Isa 17:1 Damascus is removed from being a city; absolute be abolished Dan 12:11 (compare Dan 11:31 Hiph`il).

BDB8348 H8269 H3256

שַׂר₄₂₀ noun masculine chieftain, chief, ruler, official, captain, prince (Late Hebrew especially of angels; Assyrian šarru, king); — absolute שַׂר 2Sam 3:38 +, הַשַּׂר Mic 7:3 +, שָׂ֑ר Hos 3:4 +; construct שַׂר Judg 4:2 +; suffix שַׂרְכֶם Dan 10:21 plural שָׂרִים 1Kgs 4:2 +; construct שָׂרֵי Gen 12:15 +; suffix שָׂרַי Judg 5:15; Isa 10:8, שָׂרֵיכֶם Jer 44:21, שָׂרֵיהֶם Isa 3:4 +; —

1. chieftain, leader:
a. plural of Israel Num 21:18 (poem in J E; || נְדִיֹב הָעָם), of Issachar Judg 5:15 (poem); שָׂרֵי גִלְעָד Judg 10:18 is dubious (we should expect ׳וְשׂ, and compare ׳זִקְנֵי ג, instead, Judg 11:5-11); of Midian Judg 7:25; Judg 8:3 Philistines 1Sam 29:3 (twice in verse); 1Sam 29:4 (twice in verse); 1Sam 29:9 (apparently = סְרָנִים v1Sam 29:2 v1Sam 29:6 v1Sam 29:7 [We], yet distinguished by HPS and [with reserve] Bu; ᵐ5 ᵑ6 ᵑ9 Th Bu strike out in v1Sam 29:4 b), compare 1Sam 18:30 in poetry, of כְּמוֺשׁ (i.e. the leading Moabites) Jer 48:7, of מָלכם (q. v.; i.e. the leading Ammonites) Amos 1:15 = Jer 49:3.
b. singular David as leader of freebooters 1Sam 22:2 compare גְּדוּד ׳שׂ 1Kgs 11:24, plural 2Sam 4:2.

2. vassal, noble, official, under king (acting, on occasion, as counselor, commander, etc.):
a. plural, in Egypt Gen 12:15 (J) + 3 t. Is + Gen 30:4 Di Du Skinner (>of foreign embassy [compare || מַלְאָכָיו] Che and others reading [Che^Heb.Hpt. Marti] שָׁשׂרִים), Ps 105:22 Moab Num 22:8 + 8 t. 22, 23 (JE), Amos 2:3 Edom Isa 34:12 (|| הֹרִים); Assyrian Isa 10:8; Isa 31:9 Babylonian Isa 21:5 + 7 t. Jeremiah + 2Chr 32:31 (but here perhaps vaguely = authorities); other nations Jer 49:38 + 17 t. Ezra, Esther; in general Isa 49:7 officials, official class, under kings of Israel: David (only Chronicles) 1Chr 22:17 + 5 t. 1 Chronicles; Ezra 8:20 Solomon 1Kgs 4:2 Jehoiachin 2Kgs 24:12; 2Kgs 24:14 Zedak. Jer 34:21; 2Chr 36:18 other kings 19 t. 2 Chronicles; in general Eccl 10:16; Eccl 10:17 see also (Judah) Jer 1:18 + 31 t. Jeremiah (Jer 17:25 a strike out ׳שׂ Gf Che Gie Du), 4 t. Lamentations; Ezek 17:12; Zeph 1:8 (where distinguished from בְּנֵי הַמֶּלֶךְ, who are never called ׳שׂ); so, in general, Neh 9:32; Neh 9:34; Dan 9:6; Dan 9:8 and (Northern Israel) Hos 3:4 + 6 t. Hosea.
b. as having powers of magistrate (‡adi) Exod 2:14 (E + שֹׁפֵט); under Moses (over groups of 1000, 100, 50, 10) Exod 18:21 + 7 t. 18 (E), Deut 1:15 (4 t. in verse); later in Judah Hos 5:10 (Now reads ׳שָׂרֵי תִשׁ), Isa 1:23, compare Isa 3:4; Isa 3:14; Isa 32:1; Mic 7:3 (singular; || שֹׁפֵט), Zeph 3:3 (|| id.), Ezek 22:27, compare Prov 8:16 (|| נְדִיבִים); Prov 28:2 read perhaps צָרֶיהָ, see Toy.
c. as ruler or magistrate of a district (מְרִינָה), 1Kgs 20:14; 1Kgs 20:15; 1Kgs 20:17; 1Kgs 20:19 (compare Esth 1:3; Esth 8:9; Esth 9:3, שָׂרֵי עַם וָעָם Esth 3:12).
d. as commandant of city, הָעִיר ׳שׂ Judg 9:30, compare 1Kgs 22:26 = 2Chr 18:25; 2Kgs 23:8; 2Chr 34:8 of citadel, הַבִּירָה ׳שׂ Neh 7:2 plural of city officials סֻכּוֺת ׳שׂ Judg 8:6; Judg 8:14 (distinguished from זְקֵנִים), compare 2Kgs 10:1; 2Chr 29:20.

3. specifically military, = captain, general:
a. שַׂרֿ(ה)צבא Gen 21:22; Gen 21:32 (E), Gen 26:26 (J), 1Sam 12:9 + 23 t., + ׳יֿ׳צֿ׳שׂ Josh 5:14; Josh 5:15 (J E; צָבָא 1 b), angel-captain in vision; see also 8, 9; ׳שָׂרֵי הַצּ 1Kgs 1:25 + 3 t. Chronicles, ׳שָׂרִים בַּצּ 1Chr 12:22 (Gi Baer; van d. H. v.1Chr 12:21); שָׂרֵי צְבָאוֺת Deut 20:9; 1Kgs 2:5; 1Chr 27:3 שַׂרהַֿחַ֫יִל 2Sam 24:2 (but read וְאֶלשָֿׂרֵי as ᵐ5^L and || 1Chr 21:2 Th We Dr HPS Bu), ׳שָׂרֵי (הַ)ח v1Chr 21:4 v1Chr 21:4; 2Kgs 9:5; 2Chr 33:14; Neh 2:9, שָׂרֵי הַחֲיָלִים 1Kgs 15:20 = 2Chr 16:4; 2Kgs 25:23; 2Kgs 25:26; Jer 40:7; Jer 40:13 + 7 t. Jeremiah; שָׂרֵי מִלְחָמוֺת 2Chr 32:6 so (ה)שׂר alone 2Sam 18:5; 2Sam 19:7; 1Kgs 9:22 = 2Chr 8:9 ᵐ5.:B Be Kit (שָׁרָיו וְשָׁלִישָׁיו, for ᵑ0 ׳שָׂרֵי שׁ), 2Kgs 9:5 (twice in verse); 1Chr 11:6; 1Chr 11:21 + 9 t., + Job 39:25; Dan 11:5 וְגָדוֺל ׳שׂ 2Sam 3:38 (of Abner); possibly military figurative also in שַׂר שָׁלוֺם Isa 9:5 (Messianic name).
b. leading companies of 50 2Kgs 1:9-14; Isa 3:3, of 100 1Sam 22:7 + 16 t. + 1Sam 8:12 (reading מֵאוֺת for חֲמִשִּׁים ᵐ5 HPS, compare We; Bu insert שָׂרֵי מֵאוֺת), of 1000 1Sam 17:18 + 11 t., + שָׂרֵי הָאֲלָפִים וְהַמֵּאוֺת 1Chr 13:1; 1Chr 26:26 (distinguished from שָׂרֵי הַצָּבָא), 1Chr 27:1; 1Chr 29:6; 2Chr 1:2 also הָרֶכֶב ׳שׂ captain of the chariotry 1Kgs 22:31; 1Kgs 22:32; 1Kgs 22:33 = 2Chr 18:30; 2Chr 18:31; 2Chr 18:32 + 3 t. + שָׂרֵי וּפָרָשָׁיו ׳ר 1Kgs 9:22 = 2Chr 8:9.

4. a. chief, head, of other official classes: שַׂר הַטַּבָּחִים, Egypt, Gen 37:36 + 5 t.; שָׂרֵי הָרָצִים 1Kgs 14:27 = 2Chr 12:10 שָׂרֵי הַנִּצָּבִים 1Kgs 5:30; 1Kgs 9:23 = 2Chr 8:10 even domestic positions (court of Pharaoh), שַׂר הַמַּשְׁקִים Gen 40:2 + 5 t., שַׂר הָאוֺפוֺת Gen 40:2 + 4 t. (all E); שָׂרֵי הַמּחְלְקוֺת 1Chr 28:1, i.e. of the successive courses of royal military officials; compare הַשַּׂר 1Chr 27:28 שַׂר הַסָּרִיסִים Dan 1:7; Dan 1:8; Dan 1:9; Dan 1:10; Dan 1:11; Dan 1:18 שַׂר מְנוּחָה Jer 51:59.
b. = overseer: שַׂר בֵּית הַסֹּהַר Gen 39:21; Gen 39:23, שָׂרֵי מִקְנֶה Gen 47:6 (all J; compare אַבִּיר הָרֹעִים 1Sam 21:8), שָׂרֵי מִסִּים Exod 1:11 (J); compare 1Chr 15:27; 1Chr 29:6; 1Chr 27:31; 1Chr 28:1. — In 1Chr 15:22 read probably סַר הַמַּשָּׂא (= שַׂר) overseer of the carrying (for ᵑ0 בְּמַשָּׂא יָסֹר בַּמַּשָּׂא), so ᵐ5 Benz Kit, Be יָסֹר = יָשׂר; see another view יָסַר

Qal. 5. of religious office: שָׂרֵי הַכֹּהֲנִים Ezra 8:24; Ezra 8:29; Ezra 10:5; 2Chr 36:14 הַלְוִיִּם ׳שׂ 1Chr 15:16; 1Chr 15:22; 2Chr 35:9, compare 1Chr 15:5; 1Chr 15:6; 1Chr 15:7; 1Chr 15:8; 1Chr 15:10 (twice in verse); heads of classes or courses of priests, called שָׂרֵי קֹרֶשׁ 1Chr 24:5, אֱלֹהִים ׳שׂ v1Chr 24:5 — ׳שָׂרֵי ק Isa 43:28 (usually consecrated princes, whether priests, or kings, or both) is probably corrupt, read perhaps שַׁעֲרֵי (Du) or וַיְחַלְּלוּ שָׂרֶיךָ קָרְשִׁי ᵐ5 Houb Klo Che^Hpt Gr (substantially).

6. late, of representative leaders of people, tribal heads, ׳שׂ ׳שִׁבְטֵי יִשׂ 1Chr 27:22; 1Chr 29:6, compare 1Chr 28:1 apparently = elders, הָעָם ׳שׂ Ezek 11:1; 2Chr 24:23 ׳שׂ alone, Ps 68:28 (3 t. in verse); in post-exilic Jerusalem Ezra 9:1; Ezra 9:2; Neh 4:10; Neh 10:1; Neh 11:1 (שָׂרֵי הָעָם), + elders Ezra 10:8; Ezra 10:14 called שָׂרֵי יְהוּדָה Neh 12:31; Neh 12:32 of district-rulers Neh 3:9; Neh 3:12; Neh 3:14; Neh 3:15; Neh 3:16; Neh 3:17; Neh 3:18; Neh 3:19 of heads of families, שָׂרֵי הָאָבוֺת Ezra 8:29; 1Chr 29:6 (= רָאשֵׁי ׳הָא 1Chr 24:31; 1Chr 27:1; Neh 7:70).

7. late, as term of rank and dignity, Isa 23:8 (compare 'merchant- princes'), Job 3:15; Job 29:9 (|| נְגִירִים), Job 34:19; Ps 45:17; Ps 82:7; Ps 148:11, opposed to עבד(יםׅ Prov 19:10; Eccl 10:7 formidable foes Ps 119:23; Ps 119:161.

8. = patron-angel, only Daniel: שַׂר (מַלְכוּת) פָּרַס Dan 10:13; Dan 10:20, יָוָן ׳שׂ vDan 10:20 specifically of מִיכָאֵל vDan 10:13; Dan 10:21; Dan 12:1

9. שַׂרהַֿצָּבָא Dan 8:11 = God (probably, compare צָרָא 1 c; yet see also ׳צ 1 b), so שַׂר שְׂרִים vDan 8:25.

BDB8349 H7786 H8323 H3256 H8269

[שָׂרַר] verb denominative (Gerber²⁰) be, or act as, prince, rule; —

Qal Imperfect 3 masculine singular וַיָּ֫שַׂר עַלֿ יִשְׂרָאֵל Judg 9:22 Abimelech ruled over Israel three years; 3 masculine plural שָׂרִים ֗֗֗ יָשׂ֑רוּ Isa 32:1 princes shall govern (prince it) justly (|| יִמְלָךְמֶֿלֶךְ), compare Prov 8:16 Participle לִהְיוֺת֗֗֗ שׂרֵר Esth 1:22 that every man should bear rule בְּבֵיתוֺ. Hithpa`el Imperfect, 2 masculine singular + Infinitive absolute כִּיתִֿשְׂתָּרֵר עָלֵינוּ גַּםהִֿשְׂתָּרֵר Num 16:13 that thou shouldst also keep playing the prince over us. — יָסֹר 1Chr 15:22 see יָסַר Qal and שַׂר 4 b. Hiph`il Perfect 3 plural metaplastic הֵשִׂירוּ (Ges^{«GKC:67v»§ 67v}) Hos 8:4 they made princes (absolute; || הִמְלִיכוּ). p. 415f, 978

princes, captains, captain, chief, rulers, …

śar

a head person (of any rank or class)

prince, ruler, leader, chief, chieftain, official, captain

chieftain, leader

וּ תְרוּעָֽה

וּ

Prefix — connector and (sometimes: but, so, then)

תְרוּעָֽה

Root word shout, shouting, alarm, blowing, joy, …

Dictionary form: תְּרוּעָה · teh-roo-AW

Noun — Common, feminine singular, absolute state

In the KJV here: and the shouting

shout ×6 with shouting ×4 an alarm ×3 and the shouting ×2 of the shout ×2 and alarm ×1 and with shouting ×1 him and the shout ×1

More options

shout — Most versatile; suits battle cries and celebratory acclamation.

war cry — Prefer in military or battle contexts.

fanfare — Suits trumpet-blast or ceremonial proclamation contexts.

acclamation — Formal register; good for royal or liturgical scenes.

battle cry — Specifically martial; stronger than 'war cry' in intensity.

joyful noise — Captures the celebratory, worshipful sense in Psalms.

BDB7825 H8643

תְּרוּעָה noun feminine shout or blast of war, alarm, or joy; — ׳ת Lev 23:24 +; construct תְּרוּעַת Jer 4:19 +; —

1. alarm of war, war-cry, Josh 6:5; Josh 6:20; Jer 20:16; Ezek 21:27; Amos 1:14; Amos 2:2; Zeph 1:16; Job 39:25 מִלְחָמָה ׳ת Jer 4:19; Jer 49:2 מֶלָךְ ׳ת battle-cry of king Num 23:21 (poem in J E).

2. blast for march: ׳תקע ת Num 10:5; Num 10:6 (twice in verse) (P; with חֲצֹצְרוֺת; hence) ׳חֲצֹצְרוֺת הַתּ Num 31:6 (P) 2Chr 13:12 on day of atonement ׳שׁוֺפַר ת Lev 25:9 (H); 1st of month ׳זִכְרוֺן ת Lev 23:24 (P; בַּחֹדֶשׁ הַשְּׁבִיעִי בְּאֶחָד לַחֹדֶשׁ), יוֺם תֹ Num 29:1 (P); generally ׳צִלְצְלֵי ת Ps 150:5.

3. shout of joy with religious impulse, 1Sam 4:5; 1Sam 4:6 (twice in verse); 2Sam 6:15 = 1Chr 15:28; 2Chr 15:14; Ezra 3:11; Ezra 3:12; Ezra 3:13 הַשִּׂמְחָה ׳קוֺל ת Ezra 3:13 in public worship generally Job 33:26 especially + musical service Ps 33:3; Ps 47:6 ׳זִבְחֵי ת Ps 27:6, ׳יֹדְעֵי ת Ps 89:16.

4. shout of joy, in general Job 8:21 (|| שְׂחַוֺק).

shout, shouting, alarm, blowing, joy, …

tĕrûʿâ

clamor, i.e., acclamation of joy or a battle-cry; especially clangor of trumpets, as an alarum

alarm, signal, sound of tempest, shout, shout or blast of war or alarm or joy

alarm of war, war-cry, battle-cry

Word Breakdown

Vowels & Accents

Grammar R/Ncmsc

English Options

Brown-Driver-Briggs (BDB)

Strong's Definition H1767

Word Breakdown

Vowels & Accents

Grammar Ncmsa

English Options

Brown-Driver-Briggs (BDB)

Strong's Definition H7782

Word Breakdown

Vowels & Accents

Grammar Vqi3ms

Verb Chart

English Options

Brown-Driver-Briggs (BDB)

Strong's Definition H559

Word Breakdown

Vowels & Accents

Grammar Tj

English Options

Brown-Driver-Briggs (BDB)

Strong's Definition H1889

Word Breakdown

Vowels & Accents

Grammar C/R/Aamsa

English Options

Brown-Driver-Briggs (BDB)

Strong's Definition H7350

Word Breakdown

Vowels & Accents

Grammar Vhi3ms

Verb Chart

English Options

Brown-Driver-Briggs (BDB)

Strong's Definition H7306

Word Breakdown

Vowels & Accents

Grammar Ncfsa

English Options

Brown-Driver-Briggs (BDB)

Strong's Definition H4421

Word Breakdown

Vowels & Accents

Grammar Ncmsc

English Options

Brown-Driver-Briggs (BDB)

Strong's Definition H7482

Word Breakdown

Vowels & Accents

Grammar Ncmpa

English Options

Brown-Driver-Briggs (BDB)

Strong's Definition H8269

Word Breakdown

Vowels & Accents

Grammar C/Ncfsa

English Options

Brown-Driver-Briggs (BDB)

Strong's Definition H8643

Masoretic Phrasing

KJV