BDB420 H413
BDB419 | BIBLICAL HEBREW | BDB421
אֶל (nearly always followed by Makkeph), in poetry אֱלֵי (compare עֲלֵי, עֲדֵי), but only in Job ( 1Sam 3:22; 1Sam 5:26; 1Sam 15:22; 1Sam 29:19), with suffix אֵלַי, אֵלֶיךָ, אֵלַיִךְ, etc. אֵלֵינוּ, אֲלֵיכֶם & (5 t.) אֲלֵכֶם, אֲלֵיהֶם & אֲלֵהֶם (both very often); once אֵלֵימוֺ Ps 2:5, אֲלֵיהֶן, once אֲלֵהֶן Exod 1:19 (Assyrian ilî, Arabic ), preposition denoting motion to or direction towards (whether physical or mental). 2. Where the limit is actually entered,
into,
Gen 6:18 and thou shalt enter
into the ark
Gen 7:1;
Gen 19:3;
Gen 41:21;
Gen 42:17 & so after verbs of throwing, casting, putting
Gen 37:22 (
הִשְׁלִיךְ)
Gen 39:20 וַיִּתְּנֵהוּ אֶלבֵּֿית הַסֹּהַר put him
into the prison house,
Exod 28:30 (
Lev 8:8)
Deut 23:25 so after
קָבַר to bury
Gen 23:19;
Gen 25:9;
Gen 49:29 שָׂחַט to squeeze
Gen 40:11 מָחָה to blot out
Num 5:23, etc.; metaphor
Gen 6:6 was pained
into or
unto his heart,
שָׂם אֶללֵֿב,
הֵשִׁיב to place, bring.
into ( = lay
to) heart
Deut 4:39;
2Sam 19:20 and elsewhere In connection with a number or multitude
into which something enters,
in among: 1Sam 10:22 behold he had hid himself
אֶלהַֿכֵּלִים in among the baggage,
Jer 4:3 sow not
אֶלקֹֿצִים in among thorns.
3. Of direction
towards anything:
(
a) of physical acts or states, as
Gen 30:40 נָתַן פְּנֵי הַצּאֹן אֶל,
Gen 39:7 נָשָׂא עֵינָיו אֶל,
Exod 25:20;
Num 6:26,
נָשָׂא פָנָיו אֶל (
2Kgs 9:32 differently),
2Kgs 24:1 שָׁת פָּנָיו אֶל,
Josh 8:18;
Ps 28:2;
1Kgs 8:29;
1Kgs 8:30 (to pray
towards) v
1Kgs 8:38 pregnantly
חָרֵד אֶל to tremble (turning)
to Gen 42:28,
תָּמַהּ אֶל to, wonder (turning)
towards Gen 43:33;
Isa 13:8,
פָּחַד אֶל Jer 36:16: without a verb
פָּנִים אֶלפָּֿנִים face
to face
Gen 32:31 +;
פֶּה אֶלפֶּֿה Num 12:8 כִּיאֵֿינֶנּוּ אֵלַי Gen 31:5 the face of Laban, that he is not
toward me;
׳אֶלפֿ ׳עֵינֵי י the eyes of
׳י are
towards . . .
Ps 34:16 (compare
Ps 33:18).
(
b) with words such as
אָמַרto say
to Gen 3:1 + often,
דִּבֶּר Gen 8:15 + often,
קָרָא Gen 19:5,
הִחְפַּלֵּל Gen 20:17 etc.,
שָׁמַע to hearken
to Gen 16:11,
הִלֵּל to praise
to Gen 12:15 (compare
Ezek 13:19 חִלֵּל אֶל to profane
to),
הִזְכִּיר Ezek 40:14.
(
c) with words expressing the direction of the mind, as
קִוָּה to wait Ps 27:14 +;
יִחַל to hope Isa 51:5 נָשָׂא נֶפֶשׁ אֶל to lift up the soul (i.e. set the desire)
towards Deut 24:15;
Ps 25:1 שָׂם לֵב אֶל,
שָׁת to set the heart (mind)
to Exod 9:21 and elsewhere;
לָמַד אֶל to accustom oneself
to Jer 10:2 חָרֵד אֶל to shew fear
towards 2Kgs 4:13;
Gen 43:30;
Deut 28:32 and thy eyes
כָּלוֺת אֲלֵיהֶם failing (with longing)
towards them,
Lam 4:17;
Isa 63:15;
2Sam 3:8;
1Kgs 14:13;
Ps 40:6 alone, as predicate,
directed or
disposed towards,
Gen 3:16;
Gen 4:7;
2Kgs 6:11 who of ours
is towards (i.e. favours) the king of Syria?
Hos 3:3 וְגַםאֲֿנִי אֵלָֽיִח׃ Ezek 36:9;
Hag 2:17;
Jer 15:1 (
אֵין נַפְשִׁי אֶל).
5. Unto sometimes acquires from the context the sense of
in addition to, as
Lev 18:18 thou shalt not take
אִשָּׁה אֶל אֲחוֺתָהּ a woman
to, in addition to, her sister,
Josh 13:22 (||
Num 31:8 על);
1Sam 14:34 at eat
אֶלהַֿחָם together with the blood (
1Sam 14:32 & generally
עַל);
1Kgs 10:7 הוֺסִיף אֶל (generally
עַל);
Jer 25:26;
Ezek 7:26 שְׁמוּעָה אֶל שְׁמוּעָה ||
(עלׅ;
Ezek 44:7;
Lam 3:41 let us lift up
לְבָבֵנוּ אֶלכַּֿפָּ֑יִם our hearts
together with the hands (compare
, Qor 4:2;
WAG ii. § 51 c).
8. Expressing presence at a spot,
against; at, by, not merely after verbs expressing or implying motion (compare
1,
Gen 24:11), as
Josh 11:5 and they came and encamped together
אֶלמֵֿי מֵרוֺם at the waters of Merom,
1Sam 5:4 cut off (and fallen)
on to the threshold,
2Sam 2:23 and elsewhere and smote him
אֶלהַֿחֹמֶשׁ in or
on the belly,
Deut 33:28;
Exod 29:12;
Lev 4:7 but also in other cases, as
Josh 5:3 and he circumcised the Israelites
אֶל against, at the hill of the foreskins,
Josh 22:11 have built an altar
אֶל גְּלִילוֺת הַיַּרְדֵּן by the districts of Jordan,
Judg 12:6 &
2Sam 18:4 אֶליַֿד at the side of (elsewhere
לְיַד,
עַל יַד),
1Kgs 13:20 as they were sitting
אֶלהַֿשֻּׁלְחָן at the table,
2Kgs 11:14 אֶלהַֿמֶּלֶךְ by the king,
Jer 41:12 and found him
by the great waters, etc.,
Jer 46:10 אֶלנְֿהַר פְּרָת by the Euphrates,
Ezek 3:15;
Ezek 11:11;
Ezek 17:8;
Ezek 31:7;
Ezek 40:18;
Ezek 43:3;
Ezek 47:7;
Ezek 48:12.
9. Prefixed to other preps. it combines with them the idea of
motion or
direction to: thus
אֶלאַֿחֲרֵי 2Sam 5:23;
2Kgs 9:18;
2Kgs 9:19 סֹב אֶלאַֿחֲרַי turn
to behind me,
Zech 6:5 (where
אֶל is pleonastic, probably due to clerical error; note
יצא אל before & after);
אֶלבֵּֿין in between Ezek 31:10;
Ezek 31:14 אֵלבֵּֿינוֺת similarly
Ezek 10:2 ׳אֶלמִֿבֵּית לְ to (the part)
within (see below
בַּיִת),
in within Lev 16:15;
2Kgs 11:15 || have her forth
in within the ranks;
אֶלמֿוּל see
מוּל;
׳אֶלמִֿנֶּגֶב לְ unto the south of
Josh 15:3 ׳אֶלמִֿחוּץ לְ to the outside of
Lev 4:12;
Lev 4:21 +;
אֶלנֹֿכַח to the front of
Num 19:4 אֶלתַּֿחַת Judg 6:19;
1Kgs 8:6 and elsewhere (see below
תַּחַת).
[Note]
Conversely, though not with the same frequency, עַל occurs where analogy would lead us to expect אֶל, or even in juxtaposition with אֶל, as 1Sam 1:10 הִתְפַּלֵּל עַל to pray to (1Sam 1:26 אֶל); v1Sam 1:13; 1Sam 25:25 אֶלעַ֗֗֗ל; 1Kgs 20:43 וַיֵּלֶךְ עַלבֵּֿיתוֺ (1Kgs 21:4 אֶל); Isa 22:15; Jer 11:2; Jer 23:35; Jer 31:12. compare DrSm i. 13, 13; ii. 8, 7; 15, 4.