Joshua 19:3

וַֽחֲצַ֥ר שׁוּעָ֛ל וּבָלָ֖ה וָעָֽצֶם
And Hazar-shual, and Balah, and Azem,
Select a Hebrew word above to see its details.

וַ ֽחֲצַ֥ר
וַ
Prefix — connector and (sometimes: but, so, then)
ֽחֲצַ֥ר
Root word a name — transliterate it
Dictionary form: אָב · awb

Noun — Proper Name

his father ×133 of their fathers ×94 his fathers ×86 my father ×80 thy father ×51 of the fathers ×44 the father ×41 their fathers ×30
More options
father — Default choice; direct, natural, widely understood.
ancestor — Prefer when referring to distant forebears or lineage.
forefather — Slightly more formal; good for ancestral or covenantal contexts.
patriarch — Use for tribal or clan heads with religious authority.
family head — Highlights household-leader role in social/legal contexts.
founder — Suits contexts emphasizing originating or establishing a line.

BDB17 H1

BDB16 | BIBLICAL HEBREW | BDB18

אָב1191 noun masculine father (Phoenician אב, Assyrian abu, Arabic , Sabean אב CISiv, 1, 37 1. 2 and others, Ethiopic Aramaic אַבָּא, — absolute אָב Gen 44:19 + 47 t.; construct אַב Gen 17:4; Gen 17:5 (compare in אַבְרָהָם ib. & elsewhere in proper names. On Hal's proposed אֲבִר see אברהם); אֲבִי (compare Ge§§ 90, 3b, 96) Gen 4:20 +; suffix אָבִי Gen 19:34 + (MI אבי); אָבִיךָ Gen 12:1 +; אָבִיו Gen 2:24 +; אָבִ֫יהוּ Judg 14:10 + 6t.; plural אָבוֺת Exod 12:3 +; construct אֲבוֺת Exod 6:25 + 7 t.; suffix אֲבוֺתַי (אֲבֹתַי, אֲבוֺתָ֑י) Gen 47:9 + 15 t.; אֲבוֺתֵיהֶם 1Chr 4:38 + 32 t. (late); אֲבוֺתָם Exod 4:5 + 106 t. etc.; —

1. father of individual Gen 2:24 (+ אֵם) Gen 11:28; Gen 11:29 (twice in verse); Gen 19:31; Gen 19:32; Gen 19:33, + often (mostly J E D); of father as commanding Gen 50:16 (J) Jer 35:6 f Prov 6:20 (compare Gen 18:19 J Gen 28:1; Gen 28:6 P 1Sam 17:20; 1Kgs 2:1); instructing מוסר Prov 1:8; Prov 4:1 (compare Deut 8:5); specifically as begetter, genitor Prov 23:22; Zech 13:3 (twice in verse) (+ אֵם) Isa 45:10 compare Gen 49:4 (J) Lev 18:7; Lev 18:8; Lev 18:11 (P); rebuking Gen 37:10 loving Gen 37:4; Gen 44:20 (J E; compare Gen 22:2; Gen 25:28; Gen 37:3; 2Sam 14:1); pitying Ps 103:13 (in simile compare 2Sam 18:5); blessing Gen 27:41 (J E compare Gen 27:4 also Gen 28:1 P +); as glad Prov 10:1; Prov 15:20 compare Prov 29:3 grieving Gen 37:35 (J E; compare 2Sam 12:22; 2Sam 19:1; 2Sam 19:2 f) etc. Also as object of honour, obedience, love Exod 20:12 (E) = Deut 5:16; Exod 21:15; Exod 21:17 (E) Deut 21:18; Deut 21:19; Gen 28:7 (P) 1Kgs 19:20 (all + אֵם), 1Kgs 50:1; 1Kgs 50:5 (J) Mal 1:6 etc. Hence metaphor of intimate connection Job 17:14 to corruption I cry, My father art thou (|| אִמִּי וַאֲחֹתִי לָֽרִמָּה).
2. of God as father of his people (see RSSem 42), who constituted, controls, guides and lovingly watches over it: Deut 32:6; Jer 3:4; Jer 3:19; Jer 31:9; Isa 63:16 (twice in verse); Isa 64:7; Mal 1:6; Mal 2:10 (compare Exod 4:22; Exod 19:4 (JE) Deut 32:11; Hos 11:1); compare Jer 2:27 (of idolatrous Israel) אֹמְרִים לָעֵץ אָבִי אַתָּה וְלָאֶבֶן אַתְּ ילדתני׃; especially God as father of Davidic line 2Sam 7:14; Ps 89:27 f. of needy (late) Ps 68:6 (compare Ps 103:13) (in proper name, f. of individual, compare below)
3. head of household, family or clan; בֵּית אָבִי as abode Gen 38:11 (twice in verse); Lev 22:13 +; = family Gen 24:40 (|| מִשְׁפַּחְתִּי) Gen 41:51; Gen 46:31 + compare Num 18:1; Num 18:2; Josh 2:12; Josh 2:18; Josh 6:25 especially techn. of divisions of Israel בֵּית אָב לְמִשְׁפָּחוֺת Num 3:30; Num 3:35 = a father's house, i.e. a family or clan; more often plural (אבותם, אבותיו) בֵית אָבוֺת = father's houses = families, clans (compare Di on Exod 6:14) Exod 6:14; Exod 12:3; Num 1:2; Num 1:18 ff (often in Numbers) Josh 14:1; Josh 19:51; Josh 21:1 (twice in verse); Josh 22:14 (twice in verse) (always P in Hexateuch); also 1Chr 5:13; 1Chr 5:15 + often in Chronicles; compare רָאשֵׁי אבות הלוים (= ׳בית א ׳ר) Exod 6:25 compare 1Kgs 8:1; 1Chr 6:4; 1Chr 7:11 + often Chronicles Ezra Nehemiah.
4. ancestor (a) of individual; grandfather (instead of precise term) Gen 28:13; Gen 32:10 (J; where used by Jacob of Abraham & then of Isaac); greatgrandfather 1Kgs 15:13 great-greatgrandfather 1Kgs 15:11 etc.; oft plural (= fathers, forefathers) Gen 15:15; Gen 46:34 (JE) 1Kgs 19:4; 1Kgs 21:3; 1Kgs 21:4; 2Kgs 19:12; 2Kgs 20:17 +; particularly שׁכב עם אבותיו 1Kgs 1:21; 1Kgs 2:10; 1Kgs 11:21; 1Kgs 22:40 +; joined with ׳ויקבר עם אב 1Kgs 14:31; 1Kgs 15:24; 1Kgs 22:51; 2Kgs 8:24; 2Kgs 15:38 compare v2Kgs 15:7, 2Kgs 16:20 + (all of kings of Judah); intensive, אֲבֹתֶיךָ וַאֲבוֺת אֲבֹתֶיךָ Exod 10:6 compare Dan 11:24 (b) of people Gen 10:21 (J) Gen 17:4; Gen 17:5 (P) Gen 19:37; Gen 19:38 (J) Gen 36:9; Gen 36:43 (P) Deut 26:5; Isa 51:2; Isa 43:27 (where אביך הראשׁון thy first father, see Che) compare also Ezek 16:3; Ezek 16:45 + often; plural Exod 3:13; Exod 3:15; Exod 3:16 (E) Deut 1:8; Josh 1:6; Judg 2:1; 1Sam 12:6 +; 1Sam 12:15 near the end read וּבְמַלְכְּכֶם ᵐ5 We Dr.
5. originator or patron of a class, profession, or art Gen 4:20; Gen 4:21.
6. figurative of producer, generator Job 38:28 הֲיֵשׁ לַמָּטָר אָ֑ב (|| הוֺלִיד אֶגְלֵיטָֽֿל׃ מִיֿ).
7. figurative of benevolence & protection Job 29:6 אָב אָֽנֹכִי לָֽאֶבְיוֺנִים, compare Job 31:18 of Eliakim Isa 22:21 perhaps also of gracious Messianic king אֲבִי עַד Isa 9:5 everlasting father (Ge Ew De Che Brd Di) — others divider of spoil (Abarb Hi Kn Kue BrMP).
8. term of respect & honour (Abbas, Pater, Papa, Pope); applied to master 2Kgs 5:13 priest Judg 17:10; Judg 18:19 prophet 2Kgs 2:12 (twice in verse); 2Kgs 6:21; 2Kgs 13:14 (twice in verse); compare 2Kgs 8:9 counsellor Gen 45:8 (E; compare δευτέρου πατρός ᵐ5 add. Esth 3:13 τῷ πατρί 1 Mac Esth 11:32); king 1Sam 24:12 artificer 2Chr 2:12; 2Chr 4:16.
9. specifically, ruler, chief (late) 1Chr 2:24; 1Chr 2:42 (twice in verse); etc. (compare Ew§ 273 b) see also EwGeschichte. i. 524. H i. 365. On the force of אָב in proper names (in many probably a divine title), see CheEncy. Bib., ABI, NAMES WITH Nöib., NAMES, §§ 44, 45.

fathers, father, chief, families, patrimony, …
ʾāb
father, in a literal and immediate, or figurative and remote application
  • father of an individual
    • "of God as father of his people"head or founder of a household, group, family, or clan"ancestor
    • grandfather, forefathers (of a person)
      • "of people
    originator or patron of a class, profession, or art"of producer, generator (figuratively)"of benevolence and protection (figuratively)"term of respect and honor"ruler or chief (specifically)

שׁוּעָ֛ל
שׁוּעָ֛ל
Root word a name — transliterate it ("And hazar-shual")
Dictionary form: חֲצַר שׁוּעָל · huh-TSAHR shoo-AWL

Noun — Proper Name

In the KJV here: and hazar-shual
and hazar-shual ×3 and at hazar-shual ×1
More options
Hazar-shual — Standard modern spelling; best for most translations.
Hazar Shual — Unhyphenated form; suits translations avoiding hyphens.
Fox Village — Literal meaning; useful in explanatory or dynamic translations.
Settlement of the Fox — More formal literal rendering; good for study Bibles.

BDB3054 H2705

BDB3053 | BIBLICAL HEBREW | BDB3055

חֲצַר שׁוּעָל proper name, of a location

1. place in southern Judah Josh 15:28 = 1Chr 4:28; Neh 11:27
2. place in Simeon Josh 19:3. — ᵐ5 Αρσωλα, Χολασεωλα, Ασαρσουλα, Ασαρσουαρ, etc.

hazar-shual
ḥăṣar šûʿāl
jackal village
Chatsar-Shual, a place in Palestine
  • a town in southern Judah
    • "a place in Simeon

וּ בָלָ֖ה
וּ
Prefix — connector and (sometimes: but, so, then)
בָלָ֖ה
Root word a name — transliterate it ("And balah")
Dictionary form: בָּלָה · baw-LAW

Noun — Proper Name

In the KJV here: and balah
and balah ×1
More options
wear out — Most common sense; gradual deterioration of clothing or objects.
decay — Prefer for organic or physical deterioration over time.
waste away — Good for bodily or personal decline; slightly more poetic.
grow old — Emphasizes age rather than damage or deterioration.
deteriorate — Neutral, formal register; suits prose or narrative contexts.

BDB1121 H1088

BDB1120 | BIBLICAL HEBREW | BDB1122

בָּלָה proper name, of a location in Simeon Josh 19:3.

balah
bālâ
waxed old
Balah, a place in Palestine
  • a place in Simeon

וָ עָֽצֶם
וָ
Prefix — connector and (sometimes: but, so, then)
עָֽצֶם
Root word a name — transliterate it ("And azem")
Dictionary form: עֶצֶם · eh-TSEM

Noun — Proper Name

In the KJV here: and azem
and azem ×2 and at ezem ×1
More options
Azem — Standard English rendering of this proper place name.
Ezem — Alternate spelling found in some modern translations.
Etsem — Closer transliteration; use in scholarly or critical contexts.

BDB6295 H6107

BDB6294 | BIBLICAL HEBREW | BDB6296

II. עֶ֫צֶם proper name, of a location Ασομ, etc., in Negeb of Judah, עָ֑צֶם Josh 15:29, Simeon Josh 19:3; 1Chr 4:29 (עָצֶם).

azem, ezem
ʿeṣem
bone
Etsem, a place in Palestine
  • a city in the Nekeb of Judah afterwards allotted to Simeon

The cantillation accents are the Masoretes' punctuation: each group below ends at a pausing accent. Translate a group as one unit.
וַֽחֲצַ֥ר שׁוּעָ֛ל Tevir — a lesser break וּבָלָ֖ה Tipeha — a lesser break וָעָֽצֶם Silluq — end of the verse

וַֽחֲצַר שׁוּעָל וּבָלָה וָעָֽצֶם׃
3
And Hazar-shual, and Balah, and Azem,
Cross References

Joshua 15:28

וַֽחֲצַר שׁוּעָל וּבְאֵר שֶׁבַע וּבִזְיֽוֹתְיָֽה׃
28
And Hazar-shual, and Beer-sheba, and Bizjothjah,
Joshua 19:2
Read Joshua 19
Joshua 19:4