Judges 16:13

וַתֹּ֨אמֶר דְּלִילָ֜ה אֶל שִׁמְשׁ֗וֹן עַד הֵ֜נָּה הֵתַ֤לְתָּ בִּי֙ וַתְּדַבֵּ֤ר אֵלַי֙ כְּזָבִ֔ים הַגִּ֣ידָה לִּ֔י בַּמֶּ֖ה תֵּֽאָסֵ֑ר וַיֹּ֣אמֶר אֵלֶ֔יהָ אִם תַּֽאַרְגִ֗י אֶת שֶׁ֛בַע מַחְלְפ֥וֹת רֹאשִׁ֖י עִם הַמַּסָּֽכֶת
And Delilah said unto Samson, Hitherto thou hast mocked me, and told me lies: tell me wherewith thou mightest be bound. And he said unto her, If thou weavest the seven locks of my head with the web.
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Judges 16:13
Masoretic Phrasing
The cantillation accents are the Masoretes' punctuation: each group below ends at a pausing accent. Translate a group as one unit.
וַתֹּ֨אמֶר דְּלִילָ֜ה אֶל שִׁמְשׁ֗וֹן Revia — a lesser break עַד הֵ֜נָּה הֵתַ֤לְתָּ בִּי֙ Pashta — a lesser break וַתְּדַבֵּ֤ר אֵלַי֙ Pashta — a lesser break כְּזָבִ֔ים Zaqef Qatan — a strong break הַגִּ֣ידָה לִּ֔י Zaqef Qatan — a strong break בַּמֶּ֖ה Tipeha — a lesser break תֵּֽאָסֵ֑ר Etnahta — the verse's main pause — take a breath here וַיֹּ֣אמֶר אֵלֶ֔יהָ Zaqef Qatan — a strong break אִם תַּֽאַרְגִ֗י Revia — a lesser break אֶת שֶׁ֛בַע Tevir — a lesser break מַחְלְפ֥וֹת רֹאשִׁ֖י Tipeha — a lesser break עִם הַמַּסָּֽכֶת Silluq — end of the verse
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Word Parts
וַ תֹּ֨אמֶר
וַ
Prefix — connector and (sometimes: but, so, then)
תֹּ֨אמֶר
Root word said, saying, saith, say, spake, …
Dictionary form: אָמַר · aw-MAHR
Vowels & Accents
וַ
Vav-consecutive (wayyiqtol) The וַ prefix — vav with patach plus a doubling dagesh in the next letter — flips this verb into story-telling past: translate "and (he) ___ed", not "will ___".
Hebrew Alephbet
Grammar C/Vqw3fs
Verb — Qal, Sequential Imperfect (Wayyiqtol), third person feminine singular simple action — "he did" story-telling past — try "and he ___ed" the built-in subject is "she (or it)"
וַ Speech Conjunction
תֹּאמֶר Speech Verb Stem Qal Type Sequential Imperfect (Wayyiqtol) Person Third Person Gender Feminine Number Singular
In English
In the KJV here: said
said ×947 saying ×718 and said ×688 saith ×527 and he said ×343 then said ×139 say ×122 and say ×119
More options
say — Most versatile; fits nearly any context or register.
declare — Emphasizes formal or authoritative pronouncement.
tell — Prefer when communication to an audience is stressed.
speak — Highlights the act of oral expression itself.
command — Use when the utterance carries directive force.
think — Fits internal or reflective speech contexts.
Brown-Driver-Briggs (BDB)

BDB557 H559

BDB556 | BIBLICAL HEBREW | BDB558

אָמַר5287 verb utter, say (MI, Phoenician אמר, Aramaic אֲמַר, Ethiopic I. 2 shew, declare, Arabic command; perhaps √ אמר originally = be or make prominent, hence Hithpa`el below, אָמִיר; Sabean אמר lofty, epithet of king JHMordtmZMG 1876, 37; compare DlPr 28 who thinks original meaning hell, sichtbar sein, whence Assyrian amâru, see, & shew, declare, say) — Qal Perfect ׳א Gen 3:1 +, etc.; Imperfect יאֹמַר Gen 31:8 +; וַיּאֹ֫מֶר Gen 1:3 +; וַיּאֹמַ֑ר Gen 14:19 +; in Job always וַיּאֹ֑מַר Job 3:2 +; 3 feminine singular תּאֹמַר Gen 21:12 +; תּאֹמֵר֑ Prov 1:21 1 singular אֹמַר Gen 22:2 +; אוֺמְרָה Ps 42:10 וָאֹמַר Gen 20:13 +; וָאוֺמַר Neh 2:7; Neh 2:17; Neh 2:20 3 masculine plural יאֹמְדוּ Exod 4:1 + etc.; suffix יֹמְרוּךָ Ps 139:20 2 masculine plural תֹּמְדוּ 2Sam 19:14 ( compare Köi. p. 385); Imperative (אֱמָרֿ) אֱמֹר Gen 45:17 +, etc.; Infinitive absolute אָמוֺר Exod 21:5 +; construct אֱמֹר Ezek 25:8 +; (הַ)אֲמֹר Job 34:18 but read הָאֹמֵר ᵐ5 ᵑ9 Di, or better הֶאָמֹר Infinitive absolute with ה interrogative compare Ew :§ 328 d; suffix אָמְרִי Josh 6:10 +; אֲמָרְכֶם Jer 23:38 אֱמָרְכֶם Mal 1:7 +; לֵאמֹר Gen 1:22 +, etc.; Participle active אֹמֵר Gen 32:10 +, etc.; passive הֶאָמוּר Mic 2:7, but this grammatically indefensible, read הֶאָמוֺר, Infinitive absolute with ה interrogative, see DrExpositor, April, 1887, 263.

1. Say (subject God Gen 3:1 + or man Gen 32:5, serpent Gen 3:1, ass Num 22:28, horse יאֹמַר הֶאָח Job 39:25 etc.; inanimate things, personified Job 28:14 compare vJob 28:22 etc.; so in allegory or fable Judg 9:8; 2Kgs 14:9 etc.; especially in narration, וַיּאֹמֶר etc., Gen 4:6 + very often): mostly followed by thing said, either substantive Jer 14:17 (c. clause app.) Deut 27:16f.; Judg 12:6 pronoun Gen 44:16; 2Kgs 20:14 +; or (usually) clause Gen 1:3; Gen 3:1; Gen 37:20 + often (oratio recta [direct speech]); with adverb thus, so Gen 32:5; Num 20:14; 1Kgs 20:3; 1Kgs 20:5 + often; especially ׳כֹּה אָמַר י Exod 5:1; Exod 7:17; Exod 8:1; Exod 8:20; 1Chr 17:4 + often; the person addressed usually introduced by אֶל Gen 3:1; Gen 15:7; Gen 22:7; Lev 21:1; 2Sam 3:7; 1Kgs 12:5; 1Kgs 12:23, or לְ Gen 3:13; Gen 4:15; 1Sam 20:2; 2Sam 2:21; 1Kgs 14:2 + often; rarer combinations are, בְּאָזְנֵי ׳א Isa 49:20 (compare Isa 5:9 & see דבר); לִפְנֵי ׳א Ezek 28:9 לְעֵינֵי ׳א Deut 31:7; Josh 10:12; Jer 28:11 בְּ ׳א Joel 2:17; Ps 126:2, where בְּ local; in all cases usually followed by direct object of words said, Exod 19:25 being very singular; Gen 4:8 the object-clause has probably fallen out, compare Vrss Di; = mention, name, designate Gen 22:2; Gen 22:3; Gen 43:27; Gen 43:29; Exod 32:13; Num 14:40; 1Sam 10:16; 1Sam 16:3; 2Sam 6:22; Neh 6:19 compare Ps 139:20 יֹמְרוּךָ לִמְזִמָּה speak of thee for falsehood (but many, as Hup Pe Dy Che, read יַמְרוּךָ); = tell, declare, proclaim, (followed by direct object only) Ps 40:11; Ezek 13:7 in reply to question = answer Exod 12:27; Josh 4:7; 1Kgs 9:9; Jer 5:19; Jer 22:9. The object spoken of may be referred to by אֶל 2Kgs 19:32; Jer 22:18; Jer 27:19, or לְ Gen 20:13 אִמְרִי לִֹי say of me, etc. Deut 33:9; Judg 9:54; Isa 5:20; Ps 3:3; Ps 71:10, very rarely by a simple accusative Isa 3:10 (where read probably for אִמְרוּ, אַשְׁרֵי), except after אֲשֶׁר where the words used follow (compare אֲשֶׁר 4 d) Gen 3:17; Num 10:29; Num 14:31; Deut 28:68; Judg 7:4; 1Sam 9:17; 1Sam 9:23b 1Kgs 8:29; Lam 4:20 compare Num 21:16; 2Kgs 17:12; 2Kgs 21:4, & (two extreme cases) Isa 8:12; Lam 2:15 (see DrSm i. 24, 5); ֶ˜האָמוּר Mic 2:7 read infinitive absolute with ה interrogative הֶאָמוֺר (see above) shall one say ? shall it be said ? After another verb of saying, introducing thing said: Deut 21:7; Deut 25:9; Deut 27:15; Song 2:10 +, even after אמר Gen 22:7; Lev 21:1; Jer 34:2; Esth 7:5 +; especially infinitive לֵאמֹר, after דבר Gen 8:15, צוה Gen 2:16, ענה Gen 44:16, ברך Gen 1:22, נשׁבע Gen 24:7, נדר Gen 28:20, etc.; after אמר 2Sam 3:18; 1Kgs 12:23; Ruth 4:4; 1Chr 21:18 +; after שׁלח 2Chr 35:21, שׁוּב Gen 32:7 compare also Gen 28:6; Gen 9:5; Gen 13:8; Gen 17:4; Deut 13:7; Judg 8:15; 1Sam 23:2; 1Kgs 13:3; Jer 32:3; Jer 37:9 +; also when subject of לֵאמֹר differs from that of pre-ceding clause Gen 31:1; Gen 38:13; Gen 38:24 etc.; after שׁמע Isa 37:9 = 2Kgs 19:9.

2. Say in the heart (= think) בלבב ׳א Deut 8:17 compare 1Kgs 12:26; Ps 10:6; Ps 10:11; Ps 10:13; Ps 14:1; Ps 35:25; Isa 14:13; Isa 47:8; Isa 47:10; Isa 49:21; Eccl 2:1; Eccl 2:15; Eccl 3:17; Eccl 3:18 לִלְבָבָם ׳א Hos 7:2 אֶללִֿבּוֺ ׳א Gen 8:21 said unto his heart (to himself), subject ׳י, compare 1Sam 27:1 אָֽמְרָה נַפֲשִׁי Lam 3:24 thence ׳א alone Gen 20:11; Gen 26:9; Num 24:11; Ruth 4:4; 1Sam 20:26; 2Sam 5:6; 2Sam 12:22; 2Kgs 5:11 followed by clause with כִּי Judg 15:2 in particular = desire מַהתּֿאֹמַר נַפְשְׁךָ 1Sam 20:4 compare Esth 2:13 followed by infinitive = purpose, Exod 2:14 thinkest thou to kill me, as thou killedst the Egyptian ? Josh 22:33; 1Sam 30:6; 1Kgs 5:19; 2Chr 28:10; 2Chr 28:13 expect 2Sam 21:16 he expected to slay David 2Chr 13:8; 2Chr 32:1.

3. Promise (followed by infinitive) 1Chr 27:23; 2Chr 21:7; Esth 4:7 (id. + ל of person) 2Kgs 8:19; Neh 9:15 (followed by accusative of direct object + ל of person + infinitive of purpose) Neh 9:23.

4. Command (especially late) followed by אֶלֿ of per-son addressed, Num 15:38; 1Chr 21:18 followed by ל Josh 11:9; 2Sam 16:11; 2Kgs 4:24; Job 9:7; Ps 106:34 (see below אֲשֶׁר 8 e); followed by infinitive 1Sam 24:11; 1Chr 21:17; 2Chr 1:18; 2Chr 29:27; 2Chr 29:30; 2Chr 31:11; 2Chr 35:21; Esth 1:17; Esth 4:13; Esth 4:15; Esth 6:1; Esth 9:14 followed by infinitive + ל of pers, 2Chr 14:3; 2Chr 29:21; 2Chr 31:4; followed by accusative direct object 2Chr 29:24 the king commanded the burnt-offering and the sin-offering, compare 1Kgs 5:20; Esth 2:15 followed by clause with אשׁר = that Neh 13:19 id. + ל of person vNeh 13:22 followed by clause with כִּי Job 36:10 absolute 1Sam 16:16 (read however probably יאמרו for יאמר, compare Dr); also Ps 105:31; Ps 105:34; Ps 107:25; 1Chr 14:12; 2Chr 24:8; Neh 13:9; Neh 13:19 (all followed by verb consecutive); command by letter עִםהַֿסֵּפֶר ׳א Esth 9:25 (followed by imperfect); appoint, assign לוֺ ׳לֶחֶם א 1Kgs 11:18 = threaten followed by infinitive Deut 9:25; Ps 106:23. Niph`al Perfect נֶאֱמַר Dan 8:26 Imperfect יֵאָמֵר Gen 22:14 +; יֵאָ֫מֶר לוֺ Isa 4:3 יֵאָמַ֑ר Gen 10:9 +; וַיֵּאָמַ֑ר Josh 2:2 be said, told Gen 10:9; Gen 22:14; Ps 87:5; Jer 4:11; Jer 16:14 (all absolute, indefinite subject, of current saying); so said in a book Num 21:14 be related, told, of vision Dan 8:26 said, told to (followed by ל indirect object) Josh 2:2; Hos 2:1 (twice in verse); Zeph 3:16 either so, or told concerning Num 23:23; Ezek 13:12 (אֶלֿ); יֵאָמֵר לָכֶם = ye shall be called (it shall be said to you) Isa 61:6 (|| תִּקָּרְאוּ), compare Isa 4:3; Isa 19:18; Isa 32:5 (|| יִקָּרֵא ל) Isa 62:4 (twice in verse); hence be called, of Tophet לֹאיֵֿאָמֵר עוֺד הַתֹּפֶת Jer 7:32 subject שֵׁם Gen 32:29; Job 34:31 כִּי אֶלאֵֿל הֶאָמַר, Rabb (compare AV) treat הֵאָמַר as Niph`al Infinitive for לְהֵאָמֵר, but against grammar; the form as it stands is Qal Perfect, אֶלאֵֿל being prefixed to the interrogative for emphasis (compare Jer 22:15; Jer 23:26; Neh 13:27), see Dr§ 9 Di and others; Hoffm., however, reads הֵאָמֵר infinitive absolute = imperative 'so must one speak (it be spoken) to God.' Hiph`il Perfect avow, avouch Deut 26:17 הֶאֱמַרְתָּ הַיּוֺם לִהְיוֺת לְךָ לֵאלֹהִים ׳אֶתיֿ; vDeut 26:18 ׳וי הֶאֱמִירְךָ היום להיות לוֺ לְעַם (literally cause to declare, i.e. through agency of Moses; on this & other interpretations see Di). Hithpa`el Imperfect יִתְאַמְּרוּ Ps 94:4 subject כָּלפֹּֿעֲלֵי אָ֑וֶן act proudly, boast (|| יַבִּיעוּ יְדַבְּרוּ עָתָק probably also 2 masculine plural תִּתְיַמָּ֑רוּ Isa 61:6 (in good sense, followed by בְּ of thing gloried in) ᵑ6 ᵑ9 ᵑ7 & compare ᵐ5; GesComm. so De Che Köi. 457 f. (from [ימר] exchange Thes Hi Kn Ew Di; but see ימר, מור).

BDB9309 H560 H559

BDB9308 | BIBLICAL ARAMAIC | BDB9310

אֲמַר71 verb say, tell, command (Biblical Hebrew אָמַר); —

Pe Perfect 3 masculine singular ׳א Dan 2:12 +, אֲמַ֑ר Dan 7:1 3 feminine singular אֲמֶ֫רֶר Dan 5:10 (K§ 38, 1 a); 1 singular אַמְרֵת Dan 4:5 1 plural אֲאַ֫רְנָא Dan 5:4; Dan 5:9, etc.; Imperfect 3 masculine singular יֵאמַר (K§ 41) Dan 2:7 +; 2 masculine plural תֵּאמְרוּן Jer 10:11, etc.; Imperative masculine singular אֱמַר Jer 2:4 +; masculine plural אֱמַרוּ Jer 2:9 Infinitive לְמֵאמַר vJer 2:9, לְמֵמַ֑ר Ezra 5:11 (K§ 41 a); Participle אְמַר Dan 2:5 + often, plural אָֽמְרִין Dan 3:4; Ezra 5:3 +; —
1. say (often in phrase answer and say): followed by oratio recta [direct speech] (only), Dan 2:7; Dan 2:10 + 13 t. Daniel; Ezra 5:11 + ל person Dan 2:5; Dan 3:14 + 14 t. Daniel [plural with indefinite subject for passive Dan 4:28], Ezra 5:15 + קְָדָס person Dan 2:9; Dan 5:17; Dan 6:13; Dan 6:14 + כֵּן Dan 4:11; Dan 7:23, כֵּן with ל person Ezra 5:8; Dan 2:24; Dan 2:25; Dan 6:7, compare Dan 7:5 + כְּנֵמָא with ל person Ezra 5:4; Ezra 5:9 + כִּדְנָךְ with ל person Jer 10:11 followed by accusative of thing + עַל person against whom Dan 3:29.
2. relate, tell: followed by accusative of thing Dan 4:6; Dan 4:15; Dan 7:1, + ל person Dan 2:4; Dan 2:9; Dan 2:7; Dan 7:16 (accusative of thing omitted), + קְָדָם person Dan 2:36; Dan 4:4; Dan 4:5.
3. command: followed by infinitive Dan 2:12; Dan 2:46 + 6 t. Daniel; followed by finite verb Dan 5:29; Dan 6:17; Dan 6:23 followed by ל person + or. rect. Dan 3:4 [pl. with indefinite subject, for passive, K§ 76 e, so Dan 4:23].

Strong's Definition H559
said, saying, saith, say, spake, …
ʾāmar
to say (used with great latitude)
  • to say, speak, utter
    • (Qal) to say, to answer, to say in one's heart, to think, to command, to promise, to intend
      • "(Niphal) to be told, to be said, to be called"(Hithpael) to boast, to act proudly"(Hiphil) to avow, to avouch
Variations 175 forms of this word
Translations 575 English renderings
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Word Parts
דְּלִילָ֜ה
דְּלִילָ֜ה
Root word a name — transliterate it ("And delilah")
Dictionary form: דְּלִילָה · deh-lee-LAW
Vowels & Accents
Hebrew Alephbet
Grammar Np
Noun — Proper Name
דְּלִילָה Speech Noun Type Proper Name
In English
In the KJV here: and delilah
and delilah ×3 and when delilah ×1 delilah ×1 was delilah ×1
More options
Delilah — Standard modern English form of the proper name.
Delila — Alternate spelling closer to Hebrew phonology.
Dəlilah — Transliteration style; used in critical or scholarly texts.
Brown-Driver-Briggs (BDB)

BDB1953 H1807

BDB1952 | BIBLICAL HEBREW | BDB1954

דְּלִילָה proper name, feminine Delila, Philistine woman, mistress of Samson Judg 16:4; Judg 16:6; Judg 16:10; Judg 16:12; Judg 16:13; Judg 16:18.

Strong's Definition H1807
delilah
dĕlîlâ
feeble
Delilah, a Philistine woman
  • the Philistine mistress of Samson who betrayed the secret of his great strength, and by cutting his hair, enfeebled him and delivered him to the Philistines
Variations 2 forms of this word
Translations 4 English renderings
Delilah Philistine woman who betrayed Samson
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Word Parts
אֶל
אֶל
Preposition unto, to, into, upon, against, …
Dictionary form: אֵל · ale
Vowels & Accents
Hebrew Alephbet
Grammar R
Preposition
אֶל Speech Preposition
In English
In the KJV here: unto
unto ×2370 to ×907 into ×230 upon ×112 against ×104 and to ×103 in ×63 unto him ×58
More options
to — Default directional/dative preposition; broadest everyday use.
toward — Emphasizes movement or orientation in a direction.
into — Stress entry or transition; spatial or metaphorical penetration.
against — Adversarial or oppositional context; hostility or pressure.
upon — Contact or imposition on a surface or person.
concerning — Topical/referential; use when the sense is 'about' or 'regarding'.
Brown-Driver-Briggs (BDB)

BDB420 H413

BDB419 | BIBLICAL HEBREW | BDB421

אֶל (nearly always followed by Makkeph), in poetry אֱלֵי (compare עֲלֵי, עֲדֵי), but only in Job ( 1Sam 3:22; 1Sam 5:26; 1Sam 15:22; 1Sam 29:19), with suffix אֵלַי, אֵלֶיךָ, אֵלַיִךְ, etc. אֵלֵינוּ, אֲלֵיכֶם & (5 t.) אֲלֵכֶם, אֲלֵיהֶם & אֲלֵהֶם (both very often); once אֵלֵימוֺ Ps 2:5, אֲלֵיהֶן, once אֲלֵהֶן Exod 1:19 (Assyrian ilî, Arabic ), preposition denoting motion to or direction towards (whether physical or mental).

1. of motion to or unto a person or place Gen 2:19; Gen 2:22; Gen 3:19; Gen 8:9; Gen 14:22; Gen 16:9 etc., after every kind of verb expressing motion (בּוֺא, הָלַךְ, יָצָא etc.) So with נָתַן to give (though ל is here more common) Gen 21:14; Gen 35:4; Deut 13:2 +; מָכַר to sell Deut 37:36, etc. Metaph. Jer 2:19 וְלֹא פַחְדָּתִי אֵלַיִךְ and that my fear (cometh) not unto thee (compare Job 31:23). — Peculiarly Gen 6:16 אֶל אַמָּה unto the length of a cubit, etc. And metaphor in the phrase אֶלֿ(אֱלֵיֿ)גִּיל unto exultation Hos 9:11; Job 3:22. Once, exceptionally (si vera 1.) = even: Job 5:5 וְאֶלמִֿצִּגִּים יִקָּחֵהוּ and even out of thorns he taketh it. Sometimes pregnant, as Isa 66:17; Jer 41:7 זָנָה אֶל commit whoredom (by going) to Num 25:1; Ezek 16:26; Ezek 16:28; Ezek 16:29 דָּרֵשׁ אֶל seek (by resorting) to one (that is, for oracles) Deut 18:11; Isa 8:19; Isa 11:10 +; חָבַר אֶל join together (& come) unto Gen 14:3 הִשְׁכִּים אֶל rise early (and go) to Gen 19:27; Gen 24:11 הִבְרִיח אֶל made to kneel down at; Gen 47:18 תַּם אֶל i.e. has been made over to; פָּחַד אֶל to come in fear to Hos 3:5; Mic 7:17. Opposite is מִן, as מִןהַֿקָּצֶה אֶלהַֿקָּצֶה from end to end Exod 26:28 מִפֶּה אֶלפֶּֿה Ezra 9:11 (synonym 2Kgs 21:16 פֶּה לָפֶה). And of time (rare) מֵעֵת אֶלעֵֿת 1Chr 9:25 מִיּוֺם אֶליֿוֺם Num 30:15 (P) 1Chr 16:23 (in the || Ps 96:2 מִיּוֺם לְיוֺם).

2. Where the limit is actually entered, into, Gen 6:18 and thou shalt enter into the ark Gen 7:1; Gen 19:3; Gen 41:21; Gen 42:17 & so after verbs of throwing, casting, putting Gen 37:22 (הִשְׁלִיךְ) Gen 39:20 וַיִּתְּנֵהוּ אֶלבֵּֿית הַסֹּהַר put him into the prison house, Exod 28:30 (Lev 8:8) Deut 23:25 so after קָבַר to bury Gen 23:19; Gen 25:9; Gen 49:29 שָׂחַט to squeeze Gen 40:11 מָחָה to blot out Num 5:23, etc.; metaphor Gen 6:6 was pained into or unto his heart, שָׂם אֶללֵֿב, הֵשִׁיב to place, bring. into ( = lay to) heart Deut 4:39; 2Sam 19:20 and elsewhere In connection with a number or multitude into which something enters, in among: 1Sam 10:22 behold he had hid himself אֶלהַֿכֵּלִים in among the baggage, Jer 4:3 sow not אֶלקֹֿצִים in among thorns.

3. Of direction towards anything:
   (a) of physical acts or states, as Gen 30:40 נָתַן פְּנֵי הַצּאֹן אֶל, Gen 39:7 נָשָׂא עֵינָיו אֶל, Exod 25:20; Num 6:26, נָשָׂא פָנָיו אֶל (2Kgs 9:32 differently), 2Kgs 24:1 שָׁת פָּנָיו אֶל, Josh 8:18; Ps 28:2; 1Kgs 8:29; 1Kgs 8:30 (to pray towards) v1Kgs 8:38 pregnantly חָרֵד אֶל to tremble (turning) to Gen 42:28, תָּמַהּ אֶל to, wonder (turning) towards Gen 43:33; Isa 13:8, פָּחַד אֶל Jer 36:16: without a verb פָּנִים אֶלפָּֿנִים face to face Gen 32:31 +; פֶּה אֶלפֶּֿה Num 12:8 כִּיאֵֿינֶנּוּ אֵלַי Gen 31:5 the face of Laban, that he is not toward me; ׳אֶלפֿ ׳עֵינֵי י the eyes of ׳י are towards . . . Ps 34:16 (compare Ps 33:18).
   (b) with words such as אָמַרto say to Gen 3:1 + often, דִּבֶּר Gen 8:15 + often, קָרָא Gen 19:5, הִחְפַּלֵּל Gen 20:17 etc., שָׁמַע to hearken to Gen 16:11, הִלֵּל to praise to Gen 12:15 (compare Ezek 13:19 חִלֵּל אֶל to profane to), הִזְכִּיר Ezek 40:14.
   (c) with words expressing the direction of the mind, as קִוָּה to wait Ps 27:14 +; יִחַל to hope Isa 51:5 נָשָׂא נֶפֶשׁ אֶל to lift up the soul (i.e. set the desire) towards Deut 24:15; Ps 25:1 שָׂם לֵב אֶל, שָׁת to set the heart (mind) to Exod 9:21 and elsewhere; לָמַד אֶל to accustom oneself to Jer 10:2 חָרֵד אֶל to shew fear towards 2Kgs 4:13; Gen 43:30; Deut 28:32 and thy eyes כָּלוֺת אֲלֵיהֶם failing (with longing) towards them, Lam 4:17; Isa 63:15; 2Sam 3:8; 1Kgs 14:13; Ps 40:6 alone, as predicate, directed or disposed towards, Gen 3:16; Gen 4:7; 2Kgs 6:11 who of ours is towards (i.e. favours) the king of Syria? Hos 3:3 וְגַםאֲֿנִי אֵלָֽיִח׃ Ezek 36:9; Hag 2:17; Jer 15:1 (אֵין נַפְשִׁי אֶל).

4. Where the motion or direction implied appears from the context to be of a hostile character, אֶל = against: Gen 4:8 אֶלהֶֿבֶל ׳וַיָּקָם קand Cain rose up against Abel (so 1Sam 24:8) 1Sam 22:12; Exod 14:5; Num 32:14 with נִקְבַּץ Josh 10:6, הָלַךְ Judg 1:10; Judg 20:30 with בָּא of calamity, etc., coming to or upon any one Gen 42:21; Judg 9:57; 1Sam 2:34; 1Kgs 14:10 +; Isa 2:4; Isa 3:8 their tongue and doings are ׳אֶליֿ Isa 32:6 (לְדַבֵּר אֶל) Hos 7:15 (compare Nah 1:9) Hos 12:5 וַיָּשַׂר אֶלמַֿלְאָךְ and he strove against the angel. Here also belongs in particular the phrase הִנְנִי אֶל ֗֗֗ Behold I am against (thee, you, etc.) Nah 2:14; Nah 3:5; Jer 21:13 (Jer 23:30-32 על) Jer 50:31; Jer 51:25; Ezek 13:8; Ezek 13:20; Ezek 21:8; Ezek 29:10; Ezek 30:22; Ezek 34:10; Ezek 35:3; Ezek 38:3; Ezek 39:1 (Ezek 5:8; Ezek 26:3; Ezek 28:22; Ezek 29:3 על: on Ezek 36:9 see above)

5. Unto sometimes acquires from the context the sense of in addition to, as Lev 18:18 thou shalt not take אִשָּׁה אֶל אֲחוֺתָהּ a woman to, in addition to, her sister, Josh 13:22 (|| Num 31:8 על); 1Sam 14:34 at eat אֶלהַֿחָם together with the blood (1Sam 14:32 & generally עַל); 1Kgs 10:7 הוֺסִיף אֶל (generally עַל); Jer 25:26; Ezek 7:26 שְׁמוּעָה אֶל שְׁמוּעָה || (עלׅ; Ezek 44:7; Lam 3:41 let us lift up לְבָבֵנוּ אֶלכַּֿפָּ֑יִם our hearts together with the hands (compare , Qor 4:2; WAG ii. § 51 c).

6. Metaphor in regard to, concerning, on account of : thus הִתְאַבֵּל to mourn concerning 1Sam 15:35 הִנָּחֵם to repent as regards 2Sam 24:16 דָּרַשׁ to inquire 1Kgs 14:5 הִתְפַּלֵּל to pray with regard to 1Sam 1:27; 2Kgs 19:20 צָעַק to cry 2Kgs 8:3 (2Kgs 8:5 על); נֶעֳצַב be pained 1Sam 20:34 נִחַם to comfort 2Sam 10:2 more generally 1Kgs 16:13; 1Kgs 21:22 אֶלנֶֿפֶשׁ on account of, for the sake of, one's life 1Kgs 19:3; 2Kgs 7:7 (Gen 19:17 על). (עַל is more common in this sense.) And specially with verbs of saying, narrating, telling, etc. with regard to, as אָמַר Gen 20:2; Isa 29:22; Isa 37:21; Isa 37:33 +; דִּבֶּר 2Sam 7:19; Jer 40:16 b; סִפֵּר Ps 2:7; Ps 69:27 צִוָּה Isa 23:11 שָׁמַע Ezek 19:4 הַשְּׁמוּעָה אֶל the report regarding. . . 1Sam 4:19. (Not frequently, ext. in the case of אָמַר.)

7. Of rule or standard, according to (rare): אֶלפִּֿי ֗֗֗ according to the command of, Josh 15:13; Josh 17:4; Josh 21:3 (generally עַלפִּֿי); אֶלנָֿבוֺן according to what is fixed = of a certainty 1Sam 23:23; 1Sam 26:4 (see Dr): perhaps Ps 5:1; Ps 80:1 (Ps 45:1 עַל).

8. Expressing presence at a spot, against; at, by, not merely after verbs expressing or implying motion (compare 1, Gen 24:11), as Josh 11:5 and they came and encamped together אֶלמֵֿי מֵרוֺם at the waters of Merom, 1Sam 5:4 cut off (and fallen) on to the threshold, 2Sam 2:23 and elsewhere and smote him אֶלהַֿחֹמֶשׁ in or on the belly, Deut 33:28; Exod 29:12; Lev 4:7 but also in other cases, as Josh 5:3 and he circumcised the Israelites אֶל against, at the hill of the foreskins, Josh 22:11 have built an altar אֶל גְּלִילוֺת הַיַּרְדֵּן by the districts of Jordan, Judg 12:6 & 2Sam 18:4 אֶליַֿד at the side of (elsewhere לְיַד, עַל יַד), 1Kgs 13:20 as they were sitting אֶלהַֿשֻּׁלְחָן at the table, 2Kgs 11:14 אֶלהַֿמֶּלֶךְ by the king, Jer 41:12 and found him by the great waters, etc., Jer 46:10 אֶלנְֿהַר פְּרָת by the Euphrates, Ezek 3:15; Ezek 11:11; Ezek 17:8; Ezek 31:7; Ezek 40:18; Ezek 43:3; Ezek 47:7; Ezek 48:12.

9. Prefixed to other preps. it combines with them the idea of motion or direction to: thus אֶלאַֿחֲרֵי 2Sam 5:23; 2Kgs 9:18; 2Kgs 9:19 סֹב אֶלאַֿחֲרַי turn to behind me, Zech 6:5 (where אֶל is pleonastic, probably due to clerical error; note יצא אל before & after); אֶלבֵּֿין in between Ezek 31:10; Ezek 31:14 אֵלבֵּֿינוֺת similarly Ezek 10:2 ׳אֶלמִֿבֵּית לְ to (the part) within (see below בַּיִת), in within Lev 16:15; 2Kgs 11:15 || have her forth in within the ranks; אֶלמֿוּל see מוּל; ׳אֶלמִֿנֶּגֶב לְ unto the south of Josh 15:3 ׳אֶלמִֿחוּץ לְ to the outside of Lev 4:12; Lev 4:21 +; אֶלנֹֿכַח to the front of Num 19:4 אֶלתַּֿחַת Judg 6:19; 1Kgs 8:6 and elsewhere (see below תַּחַת).

Note I. — In Gen 20:13 אֶלכָּֿלהַֿמָּקוֺם אֲשֶׁר נָבוֺא ׳שָׁמָּה אִמְרִילִֿי וג; Num 33:54 ׳אֶלאֲֿשֶׁר וג; Prov 17:8 (compare Deut 16:6); — אֶל appears to be used by a species of attraction; the idea of motion involved in the relative clause influencing illogically the beginning of the sentence and causing אֶל to be used instead of בְּ. In Deut 31:14 אֵלֵיהֶם, as pointed, can only be from אַיִל III or IV (q. v.); if the word be taken as the Pronoun with suffix (Hi Ke), אֲלֵיהֶם must be read.

Note 2. — There is a tendency in Hebrew, especially manifest in Samuel Kings Jeremiah Ezekiel, to use אֶל in the sense of עַל; sometimes אֶל being used exceptionally in a phrase or construction which regularly, and in accusative with analogy, has עַל; sometimes, the two prepositions interchanging, apparently without discrimination, in the same or parallel sentences. Thus
   (a) Josh 5:14 וִיִּפֹּל אֶלפָּֿנָיו; 1Sam 13:13 אֶתמַֿמְלַכְתְּךָ אֶליִֿשְׂרָאֵל ׳הֵקִים י; 1Sam 14:34 (see below 5); 1Sam 17:3 עֹמְדִים אֶלהָֿהָר (contractee עַל Deut 11:29); Deut 19:16; 2Sam 6:3; 2Sam 20:23 (contracted 2Sam 8:16) 1Kgs 13:29; 1Kgs 18:46 (contracted 2Kgs 3:15 על) Jer 35:15; Ezek 7:18.
   (b) Judg 6:37 and upon (עַל) all the earth let there be dryness, vJudg 6:39 let there be dryness on (אֶל) the fleece; 1Sam 14:10 come up עָלֵינוּ, v1Sam 14:12 come up אֵלֵינוּ; 1Sam 16; 1Sam 18:10 צָלַח אֶל, 1Sam 10:6 and elsewhere צָלַח עַל; 1Sam 25:17 evil is determined אֶלאֲֿדֹנֵינוּ וְעַל כָּלבֵּֿיתוֺ; v1Sam 25:25; 1Sam 27:10; 2Sam 2:9 וַיַּמְלִכֵהוּ אֶל וְ֗֗֗אֶל וְ֗֗֗אֶל וְ֗֗֗עַל וְ֗֗֗עַל וְ֗֗֗עַל; 2Sam 3:29 יָחֻלוּ עַל ֗֗֗ וְאֶל ֗֗֗ 2Kgs 8:3 & 5; 2Kgs 3; Jer 19:15; Jer 25:2; Jer 26:15 ye lay innocent blood עֲלֵיכֶם וְאֶלהָֿעִיר הַזּאֹת; Jer 27:19; Jer 28:8; Jer 33:14; Jer 34:7; Jer 36:31; Jer 37:13; Jer 37:14; Ezek 18:6; Ezek 18:11 & 15; Ezek 21:12 etc. Ps 79:6 (Jer 10:25 על twice). It is probably that this interchange, at least in many cases, is not original, but due to transcribers.

[Note]

Conversely, though not with the same frequency, עַל occurs where analogy would lead us to expect אֶל, or even in juxtaposition with אֶל, as 1Sam 1:10 הִתְפַּלֵּל עַל to pray to (1Sam 1:26 אֶל); v1Sam 1:13; 1Sam 25:25 אֶלעַ֗֗֗ל; 1Kgs 20:43 וַיֵּלֶךְ עַלבֵּֿיתוֺ (1Kgs 21:4 אֶל); Isa 22:15; Jer 11:2; Jer 23:35; Jer 31:12. compare DrSm i. 13, 13; ii. 8, 7; 15, 4.

Strong's Definition H413
unto, to, into, upon, against, …
ʾēl
near, with or among; often in general, to
  • to, toward, unto (of motion)
    • "into (limit is actually entered)
    • in among
    toward (of direction, not necessarily physical motion)"against (motion or direction of a hostile character)"in addition to, to"concerning, in regard to, in reference to, on account of"according to (rule or standard)"at, by, against (of one's presence)"in between, in within, to within, unto (idea of motion to)
Variations 46 forms of this word
Translations 329 English renderings
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Word Parts
שִׁמְשׁ֗וֹן
שִׁמְשׁ֗וֹן
Root word a name — transliterate it ("Samson")
Dictionary form: שִׁמְשׁוֹן · shim-SHONE
Vowels & Accents
Hebrew Alephbet
Grammar Np
Noun — Proper Name
שִׁמְשׁוֹן Speech Noun Type Proper Name
In English
In the KJV here: samson
and samson ×15 samson ×10 thee samson ×4 for samson ×2 and samsons ×1 but samsons ×1 samson well ×1 that samson ×1
More options
Samson — Standard English rendering of this proper name.
Shimshon — Transliteration; use when preserving Hebrew form is preferred.
Samson's — Possessive form for contexts indicating belonging or association.
Brown-Driver-Briggs (BDB)

BDB8875 H8123

BDB8874 | BIBLICAL HEBREW | BDB8876

שִׁמְשׁוֺן38 proper name, masculine Samson (Assyrian proper name Šamšânu, HilprMurâshu 27. 70; on שמש in Arabic proper name, of a tribe compare NöZMG x1 (1886), 166); — Σαμψων: Judg 13:24; Judg 14:1; Judg 14:3 + 35 t. Judg 14; Judg 15; Judg 16.

Strong's Definition H8123
samson, samsons
šimšôn
like the sun
Shimshon, an Israelite
  • a Danite, son of Manoah, a Nazarite for life, and a judge of Israel for 20 years
Variations 3 forms of this word
Translations 11 English renderings
Samson Israelite judge with great strength from God
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Word Parts
עַד
עַד
Preposition unto, until, to, till, for, …
Dictionary form: עַד · ad
Vowels & Accents
Hebrew Alephbet
Grammar R
Preposition
עַד Speech Preposition
In English
until ×237 unto ×233 even unto ×103 to ×79 till ×62 even to ×58 for ×51 how long ×38
More options
until — Best for temporal boundary; most common usage.
up to — Spatial or quantitative limit; modern and versatile.
as far as — Spatial extent; prefer for geographic/directional contexts.
through — Inclusive endpoint; useful when the limit is included.
as long as — Durative sense; prefer for sustained time expressions.
even to — Emphatic reach; signals surprising or extreme extent.
Brown-Driver-Briggs (BDB)

BDB5808 H5704

BDB5807 | BIBLICAL HEBREW | BDB5809

III. עַד, in poetry עֲדֵי ( Num 24:20; Num 24:24; Ps 104:23; Ps 147:6; Job 7:4; Job 20:5, and in עֲדֵי עַד Isa 26:4; Isa 65:18; Ps 83:18; Ps 92:8; Ps 132:12; Ps 132:14:compare אֱלֵי, עֲלֵי), preposition as far as, even to, up to, until, while (Aramaic עד, Sabean עד, עדי, MordtmZMG xxx (1876), 27; DHMxxxvii (1883), 414, Assyrian adi Dl§ 81 a (Arabic is except); perh akin to pass on, advance to, Köii. 304, 309: עֲדֵי probably from ground-form ±¦d¦y, Ol428, 431 Köii. 309 ff.; but LagSym. ii. 101-3, Mitth. i. 231 f., as plur. like אַחֲרֵי); — with suffix עָדַי Num 23:18 +, עָדֶיךָ Mic 4:8 +, etc., עָֽדיֵכֵם Job 32:12; 2Kgs 9:18 עַדהֵֿם occurs; — as far as, even to (differing from אֶל in that the limit is included, as in Arabic FlKl. Schr. i. 402 f.):

I. preposition 1. of space; —
  a. Gen 11:31 ויבאו עד חרן as far as Haran, Gen 12:6; Gen 13:3; Gen 13:12 + often, Isa 8:8 עד צואר יגעַ, Isa 15:4 עד יהץ נשׁמע קולם, Isa 25:12; Isa 26:5; Ps 36:6 אמונתך עד שׁחקים, Ps 69:2 דאו מים עד נפשׁ (compare Jonah 2:6; Mic 1:9; Jer 4:10; Jer 4:18), Jer 90:3 תָּשֵׁד אֱנוֺשׁ עַד דַּכָּא Job 11:7, etc.; pregnantly Ps 118:27 ׳אִסְדוּ חָג עַד וגו bind . . . (and lead) up to . . .; Isa 57:9 עַד מֵרָחוק even to afar (מִן 1 c); with the goal a person, Exod 22:8 עד האלהים יָבאֹ דְבַר שְׁנֵיהֶם, 1Sam 9:9; Ps 65:3 עָדֶיךָ כָלבָּֿשָׂר יָבאֹוּ Isa 45:24; Job 4:5, ׳שׁוּב עַד י Hos 14:2 al. (see שׁוּב, stronger than ׳שׁוּב אֶליֿ); in poetry Num 24:20 וְאַחֲדִיתוֺ עֲדֵי אֹבֵד shall be even unto destruction, shall issue in destruction, vNum 24:24 rarely with verbs of attending, הֶאֱזִין עַד Num 23:18, הִתְבּוֺנֵן עַד Job 32:12; Job 38:18 (usually אֶל). Before another perp., 1Sam 7:11 ׳עַד מִתַּחַת ל 1Kgs 4:12 ׳עַד מֵעֵבֶר ל, עַד מֵעַל Ezek 41:20, עַד לִפְנֵי Esth 4:2, and even (si vera. l.) עַד אְלֵיהֶם 2Kgs 9:20:compare עַד נֶגֶד Neh 3:16; Neh 3:26, עַד נֹכַח Judg 19:10 +.


  b. In the combination מִן ֗֗֗ (וְ)עַד, as Gen 10:19 מצידון ֗֗֗ עַד עַזָּה from Sidon . . . as far as Gaza + often (see מן 5 a); and idiomatic, not of actual space, but of class of objects, to express the idea of both... and, as Gen 19:4 מִנַּעַר וְעַד זָקִן from young to old (inclusively) = both young and old (see מִן 5 b); without מִן, even to = including, Lev 11:42; Num 8:4 even to (i. e. including) it base and its flower, compare 1Sam 18:4.

2. Of time:
  a. (a) even to, until Gen 8:5 even to the 10th month, Exod 12:6 unto the 14th day, etc., vExod 12:15 vExod 12:18, etc.; עד היום unto this day, Gen 19:37; Gen 19:38, עד היום הזה Gen 26:33; Gen 32:33, both + often; עד יום followed by infinitive Exod 40:37; Josh 6:10; Judg 18:30 עד בקר till morning, Exod 12:10 + (15 t.), עד הבקר Exod 16:23 + (11 t.); so עד (ה)ערב Exod 18:13; Exod 18:14 +, in poetry עֲרֵי ערב Ps 104:23 עַד עוֺלָם Gen 13:15 + often; עַד שֶׁבַע פְּעָמִים 2Kgs 4:35 עַד דּוֺר וָדוֺר Isa 13:20 see also בְּלִי, and בִּלְתִּי, near the end and followed by another preposition, Lev 23:16 עַד מִמָּחֳרַת הַשַּׁבָּת, Neh 13:9 עַד אַחַר הַשַּׁבָּת. With the force of against, Judg 6:31 יוּמַת עַד הַבֹּקֶר; compare (b) end. (b) followed by infinitive, both of past time, as Gen 8:7; Gen 32:35 עַד עֲלוֺת הַשַּׁחַר, Gen 33:3; Gen 34:5, and especially future time, as Gen 3:19 עַד שׁוּבְךָ until thy returning, Gen 19:22; Gen 27:45; Deut 7:20; Deut 7:23; Deut 20:20; Deut 22:2; Deut 28:20; Deut 28:22, — both + often; compare עַד בּוֺשׁ Judg 3:25 +; עַד תֹּם ֗֗֗ Lev 25:29 + 10 t.; עַד תֻּמָּם Deut 2:15 +; עַד כַּלֵּה 2Kgs 13:17; 2Kgs 13:19; Ezek 19:14 עַד כַּלּוֺתָ(םׅ 1Sam 15:18; Jer 9:15 +; עַד אוֺר הַבֹּקֶר Judg 16:2 +; also in עַד הִשְׁמִדְךָ אֹתָם Deut 7:24 (compare Deut 28:48; Josh 11:14; 1Kgs 15:29; 2Kgs 3:25; 2Kgs 10:17; 2Kgs 24:20 [|| Jer 52:3 הִשְׁלִיכוֺ]; on the anomalous ׳הִ, see Dr, read probably ׳הַ); and most probably compare Köiii. 583) in עַד בִּלְתִּי הִשְׁאִיר לוֺ (לָהֶם) שָׂרִיד Deut 3:3 (see Dr), + 5 t. (see above), read probably הַשְׁאִיר. With the force of towards the end of, against, especially in עַד בֹּאָ(םׅ, Gen 43:25; Exod 22:25; Num 10:21 והקימו את המשׁכן עַד בֹּאָם used to set up the tabernacle against their coming, 2Kgs 16:11; Ezek 33:22 compare 2Sam 17:22. Elliptical Judg 16:2 עַד אוֺד הַבֹּקֶד וַהֲרַגְנוּהוּ (wait) till the morning dawn, and we slay him! (GFM; Dr§ 115). (c) with various adverbs of time. (q. v.) as עַד אָנָה, עַדמָֿה, עַד מָתַי, עַד הֵנָּה, עַד כֹּה, עַד כֵּן, עַד עַתָּה, compare עַד כַּמֶּה פְעָמִים (see מָה 4 b).
   (d) to suffest also degree (compare 3), עַד אֵין מָקוֺם until there is no place Isa 5:8, עַד אֵין מִסְפָּר Ps 40:13; Job 5:9; Job 9:10 compare Lev 26:18 וְאִםעַֿדאֵֿלֶּה and if even up to these things, even the end of all these punishment, you do not hearken to me.


  b. During (rare; prop, as far as the limit indicated, including the time previous, compare ἔως: so often Aramaic עַד, , while), 2Kgs 9:22 what is peace עַד זְנוּנֵי אִיזֶבֶל during, etc.,? Job 20:5 עֲדֵי רָ֑גַע during a moment; followed by infinitive Judg 3:26 עַד הִתְמַהְמְהָם during their delaying, Exod 33:22; Job 7:19 עַד בִּלְעִי רֻקִּי Jonah 4:2.

3. Of degree, to suggest a higher or the highest; as עַד מְאֹד even to muchness, i.e. exceedingly (see מְאֹד), עַד מְהֵרָה even to haste Ps 147:15; Esth 5:6 וּמַהבֻּֿקָּשָׁתֵךְ עַדחֲֿצִי הַמַּלְכוּת וְתֵעָשׂ, vEsth 5:3; Esth 7:2. See also עַד לְ, below. With a negative, to express not even as much as, Deut 2:5 לא אתן לכם מארצם עַד מִדְרַךְ כַּף רָ֑גֶל, and with אֶחָד, Exod 9:7 לֹא מֵת ֗֗֗ עַדאֶֿחָד, simil. Exod 14:28; Judg 4:16; 2Sam 17:22 (read אֶחָד for ׃אַחַד see Dr). Sts. almost = Latin adeo, 1Sam 2:5 (si vera lectio) עַד עֲקָרָה ילדה שׁבעה even to the barren, she hath borne seven, i.e. even the barren hath, etc., Job 25:5 הן עדיָֿרֵחַ ולא יאהיל, Hag 2:19. In comparisons, to the degree of, even like (rare), Nah 1:10 עַד סִירִים סְבֻכִים (text dubious) entangled even like thorns, 1Chr 4:27 לא הִרְבּוּ עד בני יהודה did not multiply to the degree of (i.e.like), etc. compare. 2Sam 23:19 עַד הַשְּׁלשָׁה לֹא בָא did not attain (in prowess) unto the three.

II. conjunction 1. until; —
a עַד אֲשֶׁר until that: (a) with perfect, of past time, Exod 32:20 ויטחן עד אשׁר דָּק (Deut 9:21), Deut 2:14 עד אשׁר עָבַרְנוּ, Josh 3:17; Josh 8:26; Judg 4:24; 1Kgs 10:7 (2Chr 9:6), 2Kgs 17:20; 2Kgs 17:23; 2Kgs 21:16 with suggestion of degree, 1Sam 30:4 (followed byאֵין), 1Kgs 17:17 rarely of future time (the 'future perfect,' Dr§ 17), 2Sam 17:13 (of degree), Ezek 34:21 So -עַד שֶׁ (often in Late Hebrew; see שֶׁ) Judg 5:7; Song 3:4 (twice in verse); עַד כִּי Gen 26:13 עַד כִּיגָֿדַל מְאֹד, Gen 41:49; 2Sam 23:10; 2Chr 26:15 and (of future time) עַד אֲשֶׁר אִם Gen 28:15; Num 32:17; Isa 6:11.
   (b) with imperfect, usually of future time, Gen 27:44 עַד אֲשֶׁר תָּשׁוּב חֲמַר אָחִיךָ, Gen 29:8; Exod 23:30; Exod 24:14; Lev 22:4; Num 11:20; Num 20:17; 1Sam 22:3; Hos 5:15 +; rarely of past time, Jonah 4:5 עד אשׁר יראה till he should see, Eccl 2:3. So (of the future) -עַד שֶׁ Song 2:7; Song 2:17; Song 3:5; Song 4:6; Song 8:4; Ps 123:2 and עַד כִּי Gen 49:10 עַד כִּייָֿבאֹ שִׁילֹה.


  b. עַד alone, until:
   (a) with perfect, of past time, Josh 2:22; Josh 4:23 עַדעָֿבַרְנוּ, 1Sam 20:41 עַד דָּוִד הִגְדִּיל, 2Sam 21:10; 1Kgs 11:16; Ezek 28:15 of the future (rare), 2Kgs 7:3 עַד מָ֑תְנוּ, Ezek 39:15; Dan 11:36 עַד כָּלָה זָ֑עַם. So עַד סִם (of the future), Gen 24:19; Gen 24:33; Isa 30:17; Ruth 2:21.
   (b) with imperfect, of future time, 1Sam 1:22 (elliptic: compare Judg 16:2, 12 a
   (b) end), Isa 22:14; Isa 26:20; Isa 32:15; Isa 62:1; Isa 62:7; Ps 57:2; Ps 71:18; Job 27:5 +; of the past (rare), Exod 15:16 עד יעבור עמך, vExod 15:16; Josh 10:13 (poetry) עַד יִקֹּם גּוֺי אוֺיְבָיו, Ps 73:17. —

N.B. In poetry, עַד is sometimes used to mark not an absolute close, but an epoch or turning-point, in the future, as Ps 110:1 (see De) עַד אָשִׁית אֹיְבֶיךָ הֲדֹם לְרַגְלֶיךָ, Hos 10:12; Job 14:6 (but see 3); after a negative clause, Gen 49:10; Num 23:24; Isa 42:4; Ps 71:18; Ps 112:8; Job 8:21 (but read probably with Ew Hi Di Du al. עֹד he will yet, etc., understanding vJob 8:20 as present, not future).

2. While (rare: compare 12 b): —
  a. with perfect, 1Sam 14:19 עד דִּבֶּר שׁאול while Saul spake.
  b. with imperfect, Ps 141:10 יַחד אָנֹכִי עַד אֶעֱבֹר while I at the same time pass by.
  c. with participle, Job 1:18 עַד זֶה מְדַבֵּר (but read probably עֹד, as vJob 1:16 vJob 1:17), Neh 7:3.
  d. -עַד שֶׁ (without verb) Song 1:12. So עַד לֹא while not = ere yet (of past time) Prov 8:26 עד לא עשׂה אדץ (so עַד לָא, , often, e.g. Gen 24:15 ᵑ7, Matt 1:18); and עד אשׁר לא (of the future) Eccl 12:1; Eccl 12:2; Eccl 12:6 (compare Talmud עַד דְּלָא, Mishna שֶׁלּאֹ עַד).

3. Of degree, to the point that, so that even (rare), Isa 47:7 Thou saidst, I shall be for ever a lady, עַד לֹא שַׂמְתְּ אֵלֶּה עַל לִבֵךְ to the point that (going so far in thy pride that) thou didst not, etc. (but Hi Che Du al. join גְּבֶרֶת עַד I shall be for ever, a lady perpetually; see I. עַד); Job 14:6 (Di De Bu Du) to the point that he may enjoy, etc., Isa 22:14 (Du). In Josh 17:14 עַד אֲשֶׁר ׳עַד כֹּה ֵ˜בּרְכַנִי י, read עַל אֲשֶׁר because that (Ges Buhl; compare Di).

III. עַד לְ, a strengthened form for עַד, found chiefly in Chronicles, Ezra, and occurring in most of the above senses. Thus

1. of space: לְבוֺא חֲמָת עַד Josh 13:5; Judg 3:3; 1Chr 13:5, מִדְבָּ֫רָה ׳עד ל 1Chr 5:9, מצרים ׳עד ל 2Chr 16:8 עַד לְמִזְרַהּ הַגָּ֑יְא 1Chr 4:39, עַד לַמְצָד 1Chr 12:17 עַד לִגְרָר 2Chr 14:12 עַד לַשָּׁמַיִם 2Chr 28:9; Ezra 9:6.

2. Of time: עד לעולם 1Chr 23:25; 1Chr 28:7 לְמֵרָחוֺק עַד 2Chr 26:15; Ezra 3:13; Ezra 9:4 עד למנחת הערב; עַד לַדָּבָר הַזֶּה Ezra 10:14 probably during (KeilGes Be with regard to, strengthened for לְ); followed by infinitive עַד לַעֲלוֺת הַמִּנְחָה 1Kgs 18:29 עַד לִכְלוֺת 1Chr 28:20; 2Chr 29:28 עַד לְכַלֵּה 2Chr 24:10; 2Chr 31:1 עד להשׁחית 2Chr 26:16 עַד לָמוּת 2Chr 32:24 (|| 2Kgs 20:1 לָמוּת alone); Ezra 10:14 עד להשׁיב.

3. Of degree: עַד לְמַחֲנֶה גָדוֺל even unto (till there was) a great camp, 1Chr 12:23 עַד לְמַ֫עְלָה = exceedingly 2Chr 16:12; 2Chr 17:12; 2Chr 26:8 עַד לִמְאֹד 2Chr 16:14 עַד לְשִׂמְחָה 2Chr 29:30 עַד לָרֹב 2Chr 31:30 עַד לְאֵין מַרְפֵּא 2Chr 36:16.

BDB6199 H6258 H2088 H2009 H5704 H3588

BDB6198 | BIBLICAL HEBREW | BDB6200

עַתָּ֫ה435 (also Ezek 23:43; Ps 74:6 עת Kt, Qr עַתָּה), עָ֑֫תָּה Gen 32:5 +, adverb of time, now (properly accusative of [`int],עֵת (Köii. 260), at the time, in particular of the present time, i.e. now; compare German zur Zeit, Arabic at the time, i.e. now); — now:

1. a. Gen 12:19 ועתה הנה אשׁתך and now, behold thy wife, Gen 22:12 כי עתח ידעתי now, I know (so Exod 18:11; Judg 17:13; 1Kgs 17:24 [עַתָּה זֶה], Ps 20:7), Gen 26:22; Gen 26:29; Gen 27:36; Gen 31:13; Gen 31:28, etc., Exod 5:5 הך רבים עתה עם הארץ; whether in opposed to past time, as Gen 32:11; Josh 14:11 כְּכֹחִי אָז וּכְכֹחִי עָ֑תָּה, Judg 11:8; 1Kgs 12:4; Isa 1:21 ועתה מרצחים, Isa 16:14; Hos 2:9 כִּי טוֺב לִי אָז מַעָ֑תָּה, Hos 13:2, Job 30:1 +, or to future, as Num 24:17 אֶרְאֶנּוּ ולא עתה, Judg 8:6 חֲכַף עַתָּהכְּֿיָדֶ֑ךָ ׳זֶבַח וצ, 1Sam 2:16 כִּי עַתָּה תִּתֵּן; = after all Num 22:38; Judg 8:2 = now at last 2Sam 24:16; 1Kgs 19:4; 2Kgs 19:25; Hos 7:2; Jer 4:12 and in the phrase מעתה ועד עולם Isa 9:6; Isa 59:21; (see below), Ps 113:2; Ps 115:18; Ps 121:8; Ps 125:2; Ps 131:3.
  b. of the imminent or impending future: Gen 19:9 עַתָּה נָרַע לְךָ מַהֶם. Gen 29:32 כי עתה יאהבני אישׁי, vGen 29:34; Exod 6:1 עתה תראה, Num 11:23; Num 22:4; 2Sam 20:6; Isa 33:10 (Ps 12:6), Isa 43:19; Isa 49:19; Amos 6:7 לכן עתה יִגְלוּ, Isa 49:19; Mic 7:4; Mic 7:10; Dan 10:20 and especially ἀσυνδέτως in Hosea, introducing a punishment, Hos 4:16 ׳וגו ׳עתה יִרְעֵם י Hos 5:7; Hos 8:8; Hos 8:13 (Jer 14:10), Jer 10:2.
  c. of a time ideally present (= then, from our point of view): Isa 29:22 לא עתה יבושׁ יעקב, vb Hos 10:3; Mic 4:9; Mic 4:10; Mic 4:11; Mic 4:14; Mic 5:3.
  d. describing a present state = as things are: 1Sam 8:5 thou art old, etc., עתה שִׂימָה לנו מלך, 1Sam 9:6; 1Sam 13:12; 1Sam 14:30; 1Sam 25:7b; 1Sam 27:1 now I shall be swept away one day, etc., 2Kgs 18:20; 2Kgs 18:25; Job 6:21; Job 14:16; Job 16:7.
  e. with an Imperative, as an encouragement, implying that the time has come for the exhortation or advice to be followed, Gen 31:13 עתה קים צא, Exod 18:19 עתה שְׁמַע בקולי, Num 22:11; Deut 2:13; 1Sam 30:8.

2. Phrases:
  a. עַתָּה זֶה (זְה 4 h) 1Kgs 17:24; 2Kgs 5:22.
  b. ועתה and, now, or now, therefore (וְ 4), drawing a conclusion, especially (compare 1 e) a practical one, from what has been stated: Gen 3:22 and now (since man has once been disobedient), lest he put forth his hand, etc., Gen 20:7; Gen 20:23 וְעַתָּה הִשָּֽׁבְעָה לִי הֵ֫נָּה, Gen 27:3; Gen 27:8 ועתה בני שְׁמַע בקולי, Gen 30:30; Gen 31:16; Gen 31:44; Gen 37:20 + often, Isa 5:3; Isa 5:5; Ps 2:10; Gen 11:6 ׳ועתה לאֹיִֿבָּצֵר מֵהֶם וגו, Gen 31:30; Gen 45:8; 2Sam 19:11; Ps 39:8 ועתה מַהקִּֿזִּיתִי אֲדֹנָי, Isa 52:5,
  c. וְעַתָּה הִנֵּה stating the ground on which some conclusion or action is to be based, Exod 3:9; Josh 14:10 (twice in verse); 1Sam 12:2; 1Sam 24:21; 1Kgs 1:18; Jer 40:4 (with ועתה usually repeated afer the הנה-clause).
  d. גם עתה Gen 44:10; 1Sam 12:16; 1Kgs 14:14; Joel 2:12; Job 16:19.
  e. מֵעַתָּה from now, henceforth, Jer 3:4; Isa 48:6; Dan 10:17 (according to some, here = from just now), 2Chr 16:9 מעתה ועד עוּלּסּ, see above 1 a end. feminine עַדעַֿתָּה until now, Gen 32:5, ׳וֶאֵחַר עדעֿ, Deut 12:9 ׳אל הנחלה לא באתם עד ע (opposed to the future), 2Kgs 13:23 especially after clause with מִן, 2Kgs 46:34 ׳מִנְּעוּרֵינוּ וְעַדעֿ (2Sam 19:8; Ezek 4:14), Exod 9:18; 2Kgs 8:6; Ruth 2:7.
  g. כִּי עַתָּה for in this case, in our idiom, for them (עתה pointing to a condition assumed as a possible contingency: compare Dr§ 141, 142); (a) Exod 9:15 כי עתה ׳שׁלחתי וגו for then (if the intention expressed in vExod 9:14 had not existed) I should have put forth my hand, etc., Num 22:29 כי עתה הֲרַגְתִּיךְ, 1Sam 13:13; Job 3:13 followed by imperfect Job 6:3 for then (if it were weighed, vJob 6:2) it would be heavier, etc., Job 13:19 for then would I be silent and die; (b) after a protasis, surely then Gen 31:42 + (see כִּי 1 d b, p. 472). — Note. Read כְּמוֺ עַתָּ) (ᵐ5 ᵑ9) as now, for כְּמוֺ עֵת Ezek 16:57, עַתָּ נִשְׁבַּרְתְּ (ᵐ5 ᵑ6 ᵑ9) now art thou broken ! for עֵת נִשְׁבֶּרֶת Ezek 27:34, and probably עַתָּ בָּא (Hi We Kö Now, compare ᵐ5 ᵑ6) for עֶתבּֿאֹ Hag 1:2 also עַתָּה for אַתָּה 1Kgs 1:20, and אַתָּה for עַתָּה v1Kgs 1:18b 2Sam 18:3.

BDB9752 H5705 H5704

BDB9751 | BIBLICAL ARAMAIC | BDB9753

עַד35 preposition and conjunction even to, until (Biblical Hebrew III. עַד; so ᵑ7, Syriac, Old Aramaic, Nabataean, Palmyrene, Egyptian Aramaic (Lzb336 S-CA 5 +)); —

1. preposition:
  a. of space, even to Dan 7:13 עַדכָּֿא vDan 7:28.
  b. of amount, up to Ezra 7:22 (4 t.).
  c. of time, until Dan 2:20; Dan 6:15; Dan 6:27; Dan 7:18 (twice in verse); Dan 7:26; Ezra 4:24; Ezra 5:16 וְעַדכְּֿעַן; = our against Ezra 6:15 (compare Biblical Hebrew, p. 724:a top); to (the end of) = during Dan 6:8 עַד יוֺמִין תְּלָתִין, v.Dan 6:13; Dan 7:12; Dan 7:25. On עַדאָֿחֳרָן Dan 4:5 see אָחֳרָן; and on עַדדִּֿבְרַת דִּי Dan 4:14 see [ דִּבְרָה].
2. conjunction:
  a. עַדדִּֿי until, followed by perfect (of past time) Dan 2:34; Dan 4:30; Dan 5:21; Dan 7:4; Dan 7:9; Dan 7:11; Dan 7:22 followed by imperfect (of future) Dan 2:9; Dan 4:20; Dan 4:22 (twice in verse); Dan 4:29. — Dan 6:25 ׳לָא מְטוֺ ֗֗֗ עַד דִּי שְׁלִטוּ וג up to the time that . . . , i.e. ere that.
  b. עַד alone, Ezra 4:21; Ezra 5:5.

Strong's Definition H5704
unto, until, to, till, for, …
ʿad
as far (or long, or much) as, whether of space (even unto) or time (during, while, until) or degree (equally with)
  • (prep) as far as, even to, until, up to, while, as far as
    • of space
      • as far as, up to, even to
      in combination
      • from...as far as, both...and (with 'min'—from)
      of time
      • even to, until, unto, till, during, end
      of degree
      • even to, to the degree of, even like
    (conj) until, while, to the point that, so that even
Variations 14 forms of this word
Translations 175 English renderings
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Word Parts
הֵ֜נָּה
הֵ֜נָּה
Adverb hither, side, thither, far, here, …
Dictionary form: הֵנָּה · hane-NAW
Vowels & Accents
Hebrew Alephbet
Grammar D
Adverb
הֵנָּה Speech Adverb
In English
In the KJV here: hitherto
hither ×18 and thither ×2 here ×2 and there ×1 are on this side ×1 come hither ×1 far ×1 hitherto ×1
More options
here — Most natural modern equivalent for position or arrival.
over here — Colloquial; emphasizes direction toward speaker.
this way — Good for motion or beckoning contexts.
to this place — Slightly formal; clarifies movement destination.
so far — Use when הֵנָּה marks extent of time or distance.
up to now — Temporal sense; replaces 'hitherto' naturally.
Brown-Driver-Briggs (BDB)

BDB2206 H2008

BDB2205 | BIBLICAL HEBREW | BDB2207

I. הֵ֫נָּה49 adverb hither (perhaps from II. הֵן, used δεικτικῶς, with ה- locative, properly lo hitherwards! or perhaps akin to , , here) —
  a. of place: (a) hither Gen 15:16 יָשׁוּבוּ הֵנָּךְ, Gen 42:15; Gen 45:5 that you have sold me הֵנָּה hither, vGen 45:8 vGen 45:13; Josh 2:2; Josh 3:9; Josh 18:6; 2Sam 1:10; Isa 57:3 וְאַתֶּם קִרְבוּ הֵנָּה, Jer 31:8; Jer 51:5 +; 1Sam 20:21 מִמְּךָ וָהֵנָּךְ from thee and hitherwards, i.e. on this side of thee (opposed to מִמְּךָ וָהָֽלְאָה): repeated 2Kgs 4:35 אַחַת הֵנָּה וְאַחַת הֵנָּה once hither and once thither = once to and fro; הֵנָּה וָהֵנָּה hither and thither i.e. in different (or opposite) directions, Josh 8:20; 2Kgs 2:8; 2Kgs 2:14; 1Kgs 20:40 strangely וַיְהִי עַבְדְּךָ עשֵֹׁה הֵנָּח וָהֵנָּה literally and thy servant was a doer of hitherwards and thitherwards, i.e. was engaged in different directions (Ew§ 360, c treats {abbrev}ה here as the pronoun 3 plural feminine construed irregularly, compare עשֵֹׁה אֵלֶּה: but read probably with ᵐ5 ᵑ7 ᵑ6 ᵑ9 Th Klo פֹּנֶה was turning or looking (Exod 2:12) for עשֵֹׁךְ); עַדהֵֿנָּה even hither, Num 14:19; 1Sam 7:12; 2Sam 20:16 קְרַב עַדהֵֿנָּה, 2Kgs 8:7, to this point (in a book) Jer 48:47; Jer 51:64 (note of compiler or scribe). (β) here (compare שָׁמָּה = there) Gen 21:23 swear to me הֵנָּה here, Dan 12:5 ׳֗֗֗ הֵנָּה לְ ׳חֵנָּה לְ on this side of . . . on that side of . . .
  b. of time, in עַד הֵנָּה hitherto Gen 15:16 (with a negative, = not yet) Gen 44:28; Judg 16:13; Ps 71:17 & until now do I keep declaring thy wonders, 1Chr 9:18; 1Chr 12:9 until now (the point reached in the narrative). In late Hebrew, contracted to עֲדֶ֫נָה hitherto, still Eccl 4:2, עֲדֶן Eccl 4:3 אֲשֶׁר עֲדֶן לֹא הָיָה = who has not yet been (compare Mishna עֲדַיִן hitherto, still, עֲדַיִן לֹא = not yet).

Strong's Definition H2008
hither, side, thither, far, here, …
hēnnâ
hither or thither (but used both of place and time)
  • here, there, now, hither
Variations 3 forms of this word
Translations 20 English renderings
Search every verse
Word Parts
הֵתַ֤לְתָּ
הֵתַ֤לְתָּ
Root word mocked, deceived, mock, mocketh, deceitfully, …
Dictionary form: הָתַל · haw-TAHL
Vowels & Accents
Hebrew Alephbet
Grammar Vhp2ms
Verb — Hiphil, Perfect (Qatal), second person masculine singular causative — "he made (someone) do" completed action — try "he ___ed" or "he has ___ed" the built-in subject is "you"
הֵתַלְתָּ Speech Verb Stem Hiphil Type Perfect (Qatal) Person Second Person Gender Masculine Number Singular
In English
In the KJV here: thou hast mocked
thou hast mocked ×2 a deceived ×1 and they will deceive ×1 another do ye so mock him ×1 deal deceitfully ×1 hath deceived ×1 me thou hast mocked ×1 mocked ×1
More options
mock — Best default; contemptuous ridicule of a person.
deceive — Emphasizes deliberate misleading over scorn.
fool — Colloquial; stresses making someone look foolish.
trick — Lighter register; highlights the cunning aspect.
delude — Emphasizes leading someone into false belief.
taunt — Prefer when the mockery is verbal and provocative.
Brown-Driver-Briggs (BDB)

BDB2244 H2048

BDB2243 | BIBLICAL HEBREW | BDB2245

[הָתַל] verb — only Pi`el deceive, mock, Imperfect וַיְהַתֵּל בָּהֶם 1Kgs 18:27 (secondary formation from תלל Hiph`il, q. v.; compare Thes Ol§ 257 f. near the end Sta§ 145 e; otherwise Köi. 352; see further below תלל).

BDB9171 H2048 H8524 H2049

BDB9170 | BIBLICAL HEBREW | BDB9172

II. [תָּלַל] verb Hiph`il mock, deceive, trifle with (perhaps akin to Arabic act coquettishly; compare secondary √ [הָתַל]); — mock trifle with, with ב person: Perfect 3 masculine singular הֵ֫תֶל (בִּיׅ Gen 31:7 (E), 2 masculine singular הֵתַ֫לְתָּ Judg 16:10; Judg 16:13; Judg 16:15 Imperfect 3 masculine plural יְהָתֵ֫לּוּ Jer 9:4, 2 masculine plural תְּהָתֵ֫לּוּ Job 13:9 (on both see Ges«GKC:53q»§ 53q Baeron the passage); Infinitive construct Job 13:19 and (absolute) Exod 8:25 (J). Hoph`al Perfect 3 masculine singular הוּתַל Isa 44:20 a heart (which) is deceived. — See [הָתַל], הֲתֻלִים p. 251.

Strong's Definition H2048
mocked, deceived, mock, mocketh, deceitfully, …
hātal
to deride; by implication, to cheat
  • (Piel) to mock, deceive
    • "(Pual) deceive
Variations 8 forms of this word
Translations 9 English renderings
Word Parts
בִּ י֙
בִּ
Preposition in, at, by, with
י֙
Suffix — pronoun my / me
Vowels & Accents
Hebrew Alephbet
Grammar R/Sp1cs
Preposition
בִּ Speech Preposition
י Speech Suffix Type Pronominal Person First Person Number Singular
In English
it ×144 him ×95 them ×83 thee ×59 me ×53 unto him ×35 you ×28 he ×22
Search every verse
Word Parts
וַ תְּדַבֵּ֤ר
וַ
Prefix — connector and (sometimes: but, so, then)
תְּדַבֵּ֤ר
Root word spake, speak, spoken, said, speaking, …
Dictionary form: דָבַר · daw-BAHR
Vowels & Accents
וַ
Vav-consecutive (wayyiqtol) The וַ prefix — vav with patach plus a doubling dagesh in the next letter — flips this verb into story-telling past: translate "and (he) ___ed", not "will ___".
Hebrew Alephbet
Grammar C/Vpw2ms
Verb — Piel, Sequential Imperfect (Wayyiqtol), second person masculine singular intensive — "he really / thoroughly did" story-telling past — try "and he ___ed" the built-in subject is "you"
וַ Speech Conjunction
תְּדַבֵּר Speech Verb Stem Piel Type Sequential Imperfect (Wayyiqtol) Person Second Person Gender Masculine Number Singular
In English
In the KJV here: me and told
spake ×193 speak ×100 hath spoken ×39 he spake ×29 and spake ×27 have spoken ×26 to speak ×20 and speak ×18
More options
speak — Most versatile modern rendering; fits nearly all contexts.
say — Prefer for short, direct speech or quotation introductions.
tell — Use when emphasis is on conveying information to someone.
declare — Suits formal, public, or solemn proclamations.
talk — More conversational; good for dialogue or extended exchange.
announce — Best when the speech is a public or official pronouncement.
Brown-Driver-Briggs (BDB)

BDB1815 H1696

BDB1814 | BIBLICAL HEBREW | BDB1816

[דָּבַר]1142 verb speak (original meaning dubious; range in order Thes is conjectural and not comprehensive enough; treiben MV does not explain Arabic or Hebrew usage, but only Aramaic A meaning go away, sustained by Arabic go away with it, would best explain the four branches of usage: — (1) Arabic depart, perish, IV. retreat, figurative retrograde, decline; passing away, death; Assyrian dabâru, Pi`el drive away, BezOrient. Diplom, Vocab., Dibbara, pest-god, Hpt. in KAT2. 500, דֶּבֶר pestilence. (2) Arabic follow behind, in time, place, or station; part behind, back, דְּבִיר hindmost chamber of temple. (3) Syriac lead, guide, cattle, sheep, government, take a wife, = Aramaic דְּבַר; Syriac , Aramaic דַּבָּר leader; Syriac , Aramaic דַּבָּרָא guidance; Syriac , Aramaic דַּבְרָא, Hebrew דֹּבֶר; Syriac , Aramaic מַדְבְּרָא, Hebrew מִדְבָּר pasture, wilderness; Arabic , Syriac , Aramaic דַּבַּרְתָא, Hebrew דְּבוֺרָה swarm of bees, may be in this line, as led by their queen, so Thes. (4) Arabic consider the end or issue (of an affair), relate (a story or tradition); consider, plan against; Phoenician דבר speak; Hebrew דִּבֶּר etc. Synonym of אָמַר say, as Aramaic מַלֵּל with אֲמַר; Greek λαλεῖν, λέγειν; Lat loqui, dicere; German reden, sagen) —

Qal41 only infinitive (once ?) & participle: Infinitive suffix בְּדָבְרֶ֑ךָ (by attraction to בְּשָׁפְטֶ֑ךָ for usual Piel) Ps 51:6 Participle דֹּבֵר Exod 6:29 + 30 t.; plural דֹּבְרִים Num 36:5; Ps 109:20 construct דֹּבְרֵי Ps 5:7 + 3 t.; feminine דֹּבְרוֺת Num 27:7; Ps 31:19 passive דָּבֻר Prov 25:11 — speak, absolute Num 27:7; Num 32:27; Num 36:5 (P) Ps 51:6 (?); דָּבָר דָּבֻר word spoken Prov 25:11 with accusative of thing דֹּבֵר דָּבָר speaking a word Job 2:13 אמת Ps 15:2, תמים Amos 5:10, (מ)ישׁרים Prov 16:13; Isa 33:15, צדק Isa 45:19, שׁלום Esth 10:3; Ps 28:3, שׁקר(יםׅ Ps 63:12; Ps 101:7; Jer 40:16, כזב Ps 5:7; Ps 58:4, רע Ps 109:20, נבלה Isa 9:16, הַוַּת נפשׁו Mic 7:3 with אֶל of person, unto Gen 16:13 (J) Exod 6:29 (P) Jer 38:20; Jer 40:16; Dan 10:11; Jonah 3:2 בְּאָזְנֵי in the ears of Deut 5:1; Jer 28:7 עַל concerning, about Ps 31:19; Ps 109:20; Jer 32:42 (sometimes rendered against, but dubious); עִם with Ps 28:3 הַמַּלְאָךְ הַדֹּבֵר בִּי the angel that spake with me (as a prophet, an instrument of communicating with Israel) Zech 1:9; Zech 1:13; Zech 1:14; Zech 2:2; Zech 2:7; Zech 4:1; Zech 4:4; Zech 4:5; Zech 5:5; Zech 5:10; Zech 6:4 (see preposition בְּ III. 2 Ew§ 217 f. (3)). Niph`al4 Perfect נִדְבְּרוּ Mal 3:16, נִדְבָּ֑רוּ Ps 119:23, נִדְבַּרְנוּ Mal 3:13 Participle הַנִּדְבָּרִים Ezek 33:30 reciprocal sense, speak with one another, talk, absolute Mal 3:16 with בְּ, against Ps 119:23; Ezek 33:30 with עַל, concerning, about Mal 3:13 (RV against, see Ew§ 217 i.) Pi`el1089 Perfect דִּבֶּר Gen 12:4 +, דִּבֵּ֑ר Gen 21:1 + (on דִּבֶּ֑ר Exod 12:25; Deut 26:19 see Bö§ 1021 d (1) Köi, 188); Imperfect יְדַבֵּר Gen 44:7 +, יְדַבֶּרֿ Gen 44:18 +; תְּדַבְּרוּן Gen 32:20, תְּדַבֵּר֑וּן Ps 58:2 Imperative דַּבֵּר Gen 24:38 +, דַּבֶּרֿ Exod 11:2 +; Infinitive דַּבֵּר Gen 24:50 +, דַּבֶּרֿ Isa 59:13 +; Participle מְדַבֵּר Gen 27:6 +; feminine מְדַבֶּרֶת 1Sam 1:13 +; — (הַדִּבֵּר Jer 5:13, infinitive Ki48, probably Ol§ 182 e Kö§ 23 (5), perhaps MV; but more probably a noun, as Ges«GKC:52»§ 52 (2), Anm. 3 Ew§ 156 a, dubious perfect as Sta§ 222; בְּיוֺם דִּבֶּר Exod 6:28; Num 3:1; Deut 4:15 תְּחִלַּת דִּבֶּרֿ Hos 1:2, infinitive Ki48 Bö§ 987 (7) Kö§ 23 (5); but more probably perfect, as Ges«GKC:52»§ 52 (2). Anm. 3); — speak,
1. absolute Deut 18:17 + (throughout the literature) usually with לֵאמֹר, less frequently וַיּאֹמֶר: 2Kgs 18:28 +, compare the phrases ) דברתי׳אני (י Ezek 5:13 + 18 t. Ezekiel; דבר ׳כי י Isa 1:2; Isa 21:17; Isa 22:25; Isa 24:3; Isa 25:8; Jer 13:15; Joel 4:8; Obad 1:18 דבר ׳כי פי י Isa 1:20; Isa 40:5; Isa 58:14; Mic 4:4 פי ידבר Ps 49:4 (י)דבר פי Ps 66:14; Ps 145:21 השׁכם ודבר Jer 7:13; Jer 25:3; Jer 35:14 עוד זה מדבר Job 1:16; Job 1:17; Job 1:18.
2. with accusative of thing, very frequently, ׳ד את הדברים האלה Exod 20:1; Deut 5:19 +; לָמָּה תְּדַבֵּר עוֺד דְּבָרֶיךָ why speakest thou any more of thy affairs ? 2Sam 19:30 עַד אִםדִּֿבַּרְתִּי דְּבָרָ֑י until I have told my errand Gen 24:33 seldom followed by דָּבָר indefinite; as דָּבָר ׳ד Isa 58:13 speak a (mere, empty) word; so probably also דְּבָרִים ׳ד Hos 10:4 with other nouns, e.g. דבר קשׁות spake rough words Gen 42:7; Gen 42:30 (E); גבהה ׳ד proud words 1Sam 2:3 טבות friendly words Jer 12:6 טוב 1Sam 19:4; 1Kgs 22:13; Esth 7:9 שׁקר Isa 59:3 +, כזב Dan 11:27, אמת Jer 9:4 +, שׁוא Ps 12:3 +; דבר שׁיר utter, sing a song Judg 5:12 משׁל 1Kgs 5:12 יְהוּדִית the Jewish language Neh 13:24 סרה rebellion Deut 13:6; Jer 28:16; Jer 29:32.
3. with persons:
  a. rarely accusative יָָֽכְלוּ דַבְּרוֺ לְשָׁלֹם they could [not] speak unto him peaceably Gen 37:4 (J; but Ew§ 282 a about him); וַיְדַבֵּר ֗֗֗ אֹתָם Num 26:3 (P, but text corrupt see Di; not satisfactory explanation yet given, possibly read אִתָּם see d).
  b. most frequently with אֶל throughout the literature: Gen 8:15 +; compare phrases אֶל משֶׁה לֵאמֹר ׳וַיְדַבֵּר י Exod 6:10 + 87 t. P; but אל משׁה לך ׳וידבּר י Exod 32:7; Exod 33:1 (JE); דבּר אל אהרן Lev 6:18 + 8 t. (P); ישׂראל דבר אל בני Exod 6:9 + 38 t. (P); elsewhere, Exod 19:6 (E) Deut 1:3; Deut 4:45 (D); אל (כל) העדה ׳ד Exod 12:3; Lev 19:2; Num 16:24; Num 16:26 (P); אל לב ׳ד speak unto one's heart Gen 24:45, i.e. to oneself, compare also על לִבָּהּ ׳ד 1Sam 1:13, see 5 below; אל is used inexactly for על 1Sam 3:12; 1Kgs 16:12; Isa 16:13; Jer 27:13; Jer 30:4; Jer 33:14; Jer 36:7; Jer 36:31; Jer 40:2; Jer 50:1; Jer 51:12; Jer 51:62 where it is rendered concerning or against.
  c. with לְ speak to 1Kgs 2:19; Ezek 32:21; Dan 2:4 ליהוה speak, sing to Yahweh words of a song Josh 10:12 (D) 2Sam 22:1 (= Ps 18:1 title); in D, דבר ל promise to, in phrases ) ל׳כאשׁר דבר(י Deut 1:11; Deut 1:21; Deut 6:3; Deut 9:3; Deut 10:9; Deut 11:25; Deut 12:20; Deut 15:6; Deut 18:2; Deut 26:18; Deut 27:3; Deut 29:12; Josh 13:14; Josh 13:33; Josh 22:4; Josh 23:5; Josh 23:10 (all D); אשׁר דבר ל Deut 9:28; 1Kgs 8:24; 1Kgs 8:25; 1Kgs 8:26 (= 2Chr 6:15; 2Chr 6:16; 2Chr 6:17). — דבר ל Gen 24:7; Gen 28:15; Gen 49:28; Exod 32:34 (J) Josh 9:21 (P) Judg 14:7; 2Sam 23:3; Isa 30:10; Zech 9:10 usually rendered speak to, but often rather promise to. הֲיֵשׁ לְדַבֶּרלָֿךְ אֶלהַֿמֶּלֶךְ is it possible to speak for thee unto the king ? 2Kgs 4:13 (by attraction to לַעֲשׂוֺת לָךְ).
  d. with אֵת speak with Gen 17:3; Gen 17:22; Gen 17:23; Gen 21:2; Gen 23:8; Gen 34:6; Gen 34:8; Gen 35:13; Gen 35:15; Exod 25:22; Exod 31:18; Exod 34:29; Exod 34:33; Exod 34:34; Exod 34:35; Num 3:1; Num 7:89; Josh 22:15; Josh 22:21 (all P) Gen 35:14; Gen 41:9; Gen 42:7; Gen 45:15; Josh 17:14 (all E) Deut 5:21 sources of Samuel Kings Chronicles, 2Sam 3:27; 2Sam 7:7 = 1Chr 17:6; 1Kgs 8:15 = 2Chr 6:4; 1Kgs 22:24 = 2Chr 18:23; 2Chr 10:10 ( = אל 1Kgs 12:10) Jer 5:5; Jer 7:22; Jer 9:7; Jer 35:2; Jer 38:25; Jer 3:22; Jer 3:24; Jer 3:27; Jer 14:4; Jer 20:3; Jer 44:5; compare phrases דבר חד את אחד speak one with another Ezek 33:30 דבר משׁפטים את speak judgments with, usually = give judgment against, (not Jer 12:1), Jer 1:16; Jer 4:12; Jer 12:1; Jer 39:5; Jer 52:9 (= 2Kgs 25:6); דבר טבות את speak kindly with 2Kgs 25:28 = Jer 52:32.
  e. with עִם speak with, (not P), Gen 29:9; Gen 31:24; Gen 31:29; Exod 19:9; Exod 20:19 (twice in verse); Exod 20:22; Exod 33:9; Num 11:17; Num 22:19; Josh 24:27 (all J E) Deut 5:4; Deut 9:10; Judg 6:17; 1Sam 9:25 (ᵐ5 Th We Dr וַיִּרְבְּדוּ לְ spread a couch for) 1Sam 17:23; 2Sam 13:22; 1Kgs 1:14; 1Kgs 1:22; 2Kgs 6:33; 2Kgs 18:26; 2Chr 9:1 (= אֶל 1Kgs 10:2) Neh 9:18; Esth 6:14; Jer 32:4; Dan 8:18; Dan 9:22; Dan 10:11; Dan 10:15; Dan 10:17; Dan 10:19; Hos 12:5 דִּבַּרְתִּי אֲנִי עִם לִבִּי I spake, communed with my heart Eccl 1:16. feminine לִפְנֵי before, in the presence of Exod 6:12; Num 36:1 (P) Judg 11:11; 1Kgs 3:22; Esth 8:3.
4. with בְּ
  a. instrumental, דבר בְּ speak with, by, or by means of a person (see above Qal near the end) Num 12:2 (twice in verse); Num 12:6; Num 12:8 (E) 2Sam 23:2 (compare Dr), 1Kgs 22:28 = 2Chr 18:27; Hab 2:1 בְּשֵׁם דִּבֶּר speak in the name of Exod 5:23 (J) Deut 18:19; Deut 18:20 (twice in verse); Deut 18:22; 1Chr 21:19; Jer 20:9; Jer 26:16; Jer 29:23; Jer 44:16; Dan 9:6; Zech 13:3 ביד by the hand of Num 17:5; Num 27:23; (P) 1Sam 28:17; 1Kgs 8:53 + 13 t. Kings, 2Chr 10:15 (= 1Kgs 12:15) Isa 20:2; Jer 37:2; Jer 50:1; Ezek 38:17.
  b. local (figurative), בְּאָזְנֵי in the ears of Gen 20:8 (E) Exod 11:2; Deut 32:44 (J) Gen 23:16; Num 14:28; Josh 20:4 (P) Deut 31:28; Deut 31:30; Judg 9:2; Judg 9:3; 1Sam 8:21; 1Sam 11:4; 1Sam 25:24; 2Sam 3:19 (twice in verse); Jer 26:15; Prov 23:9 בלב דבר speak in the heart Eccl 2:15.
  c. of the object, speak of, about (preposition בְּ IV. e Ew§ 217 f, (2)) Deut 6:7; Deut 11:19; 1Sam 19:3; 1Sam 19:4; Ps 119:46; Ps 122:8 propose for (a wife) 1Sam 25:39 (compare Song 8:8).
  d. of hostility, against (Ew§ 217 f, (1)) Num 12:1; Num 12:8; Num 21:5; Num 21:7 (E) Job 19:18; Ps 50:20; Ps 78:19.
  e. of price, בְּנַפְשׁוֺ at the cost of his life 1Kgs 2:23 (see בְּ III. 3).
5. with עַל, of the object concerning or about which one speaks Gen 18:19; Num 10:29 (J) Josh 23:14 (D) Judg 9:3; 1Sam 25:30; 1Kgs 2:4; 1Kgs 2:27; 1Kgs 5:13 (twice in verse); 1Kgs 14:2; 1Kgs 22:23 (= 2Chr 18:22), 2Kgs 10:10; 2Kgs 19:21 = Isa 37:22; 1Chr 22:11; 2Chr 23:3; Jer 1:16; Jer 18:7; Jer 18:8; Jer 18:9; Jer 42:19. It may have this sense in most if not all of the following, where RV renders 1Kgs 2:18; 1Kgs 2:19; Esth 7:9; Jer 18:20 for; 2Chr 32:16; Neh 6:12; Jer 11:17; Jer 16:10; Jer 25:13; Jer 26:13; Jer 26:19; Jer 35:17; Ezek 36:5; Dan 9:12; Dan 11:36; Hos 7:13; Amos 3:1 against; and 1Kgs 9:5; 2Kgs 22:19; Jer 10:1; Jer 19:15 unto (על is used for אל unto 2Chr 32:19; Jer 6:10; Jer 25:2; Jer 26:2; Hos 12:11); compare the phrase דבר על לב speak upon the heart, speak kindly, comfort Gen 34:3; Gen 50:21 (E) Judg 19:3; Ruth 2:13; 1Sam 1:13 (seemingly from context על for אל, to her heart, to herself, see Dr), 2Sam 19:8; 2Chr 30:22; 2Chr 32:6; Isa 40:2; Hos 2:16.
6. with infin. דבר לעשׂות promise to do Exod 32:14 (J) Deut 1:14; Ezek 6:10; Jonah 3:10 דבר לתת promise to give Deut 19:8 דבר למחות threaten to blot out 2Kgs 14:27 compare דבר להזהיר i.e. so as to warn Ezek 3:18; Ezek 33:8.

Note. — וַתָּקָם וַתְּדַבֵּר אֶתכָּֿלזֶֿרַע הַמַּמְלָכָה 2Chr 22:10 ᵐ5 ἀπώλεσε, ᵑ9 interfecit, scribal error for וַתְּאַבֵּד 2Kgs 11:1. Other explanations: plot against, waylay (Arabic ) Thes MV; pronounce sentence, elliptical וַתְּדַבֵּר מִשְׁפָּטִים GesHdw Rob; but compare VB. —
Pu`al Imperfect בַּיּוֺם שֶׁיְּדֻבַּרבָּֿהּ in the day when she may be spoken for Song 8:8 (see Pi`el 4 c); Participle נִכְבָּדוֺת מְדֻבָּר בָּךְ glorious things are being spoken in thee (RV Pe MV of thee) Ps 87:3. Hithpa`el Participle מִדַּבֵּר = מִתְדַּבֵּר with accusative מִדַּבֵּר הַדָּבָר הַזֶּה speaking this word 2Sam 14:13 ׳שָׁמַע (אֵת הַקּוֺל) מִדַּבֵּר אֶל heard (the voice, or) one speaking unto Num 7:89 (P) Ezek 2:2; Ezek 43:6 (Di Num 7:89 would read מְדַבֵּר after ᵐ5; the meaning not appreciably different from Piel; the Hithpa`el difficult to reconcile with אֶל). Hiph`il Imperfect וַיַּדְבֵּר עַמִּים תַּחְתָּי Ps 18:48 (2Sam 22:48 has וּמֹרִיד for rare וַיַּדְבֵּר), יַדְבֵּר עַמִּים תַּחְתֵּינוּ Ps 47:4 either (compare Aramaic דַּבַּר) leads subject (so Ges coegit, De Now), or (compare Arabic turn the back, retreat) puts to flight, figurative for subdues (so Hi).

Strong's Definition H1696
spake, speak, spoken, said, speaking, …
dābar
perhaps properly, to arrange; but used figuratively (of words), to speak; rarely (in a destructive sense) to subdue
  • to speak, declare, converse, command, promise, warn, threaten, sing
    • (Qal) to speak
      • "(Niphal) to speak with one another, talk"(Piel)
      • to speak
        • "to promise
      (Pual) to be spoken"(Hithpael) to speak"(Hiphil) to lead away, put to flight
Variations 148 forms of this word
Translations 333 English renderings
Search every verse
Word Parts
אֵלַ י֙
אֵלַ
Preposition unto, to, into, upon, against, …
י֙
Suffix — pronoun my / me
Dictionary form: אֵל · ale
Vowels & Accents
Hebrew Alephbet
Grammar R/Sp1cs
Preposition
אֵלַ Speech Preposition
י Speech Suffix Type Pronominal Person First Person Number Singular
In English
unto ×2370 to ×907 into ×230 upon ×112 against ×104 and to ×103 in ×63 unto him ×58
More options
to — Default directional/dative preposition; broadest everyday use.
toward — Emphasizes movement or orientation in a direction.
into — Stress entry or transition; spatial or metaphorical penetration.
against — Adversarial or oppositional context; hostility or pressure.
upon — Contact or imposition on a surface or person.
concerning — Topical/referential; use when the sense is 'about' or 'regarding'.
Brown-Driver-Briggs (BDB)

BDB420 H413

BDB419 | BIBLICAL HEBREW | BDB421

אֶל (nearly always followed by Makkeph), in poetry אֱלֵי (compare עֲלֵי, עֲדֵי), but only in Job ( 1Sam 3:22; 1Sam 5:26; 1Sam 15:22; 1Sam 29:19), with suffix אֵלַי, אֵלֶיךָ, אֵלַיִךְ, etc. אֵלֵינוּ, אֲלֵיכֶם & (5 t.) אֲלֵכֶם, אֲלֵיהֶם & אֲלֵהֶם (both very often); once אֵלֵימוֺ Ps 2:5, אֲלֵיהֶן, once אֲלֵהֶן Exod 1:19 (Assyrian ilî, Arabic ), preposition denoting motion to or direction towards (whether physical or mental).

1. of motion to or unto a person or place Gen 2:19; Gen 2:22; Gen 3:19; Gen 8:9; Gen 14:22; Gen 16:9 etc., after every kind of verb expressing motion (בּוֺא, הָלַךְ, יָצָא etc.) So with נָתַן to give (though ל is here more common) Gen 21:14; Gen 35:4; Deut 13:2 +; מָכַר to sell Deut 37:36, etc. Metaph. Jer 2:19 וְלֹא פַחְדָּתִי אֵלַיִךְ and that my fear (cometh) not unto thee (compare Job 31:23). — Peculiarly Gen 6:16 אֶל אַמָּה unto the length of a cubit, etc. And metaphor in the phrase אֶלֿ(אֱלֵיֿ)גִּיל unto exultation Hos 9:11; Job 3:22. Once, exceptionally (si vera 1.) = even: Job 5:5 וְאֶלמִֿצִּגִּים יִקָּחֵהוּ and even out of thorns he taketh it. Sometimes pregnant, as Isa 66:17; Jer 41:7 זָנָה אֶל commit whoredom (by going) to Num 25:1; Ezek 16:26; Ezek 16:28; Ezek 16:29 דָּרֵשׁ אֶל seek (by resorting) to one (that is, for oracles) Deut 18:11; Isa 8:19; Isa 11:10 +; חָבַר אֶל join together (& come) unto Gen 14:3 הִשְׁכִּים אֶל rise early (and go) to Gen 19:27; Gen 24:11 הִבְרִיח אֶל made to kneel down at; Gen 47:18 תַּם אֶל i.e. has been made over to; פָּחַד אֶל to come in fear to Hos 3:5; Mic 7:17. Opposite is מִן, as מִןהַֿקָּצֶה אֶלהַֿקָּצֶה from end to end Exod 26:28 מִפֶּה אֶלפֶּֿה Ezra 9:11 (synonym 2Kgs 21:16 פֶּה לָפֶה). And of time (rare) מֵעֵת אֶלעֵֿת 1Chr 9:25 מִיּוֺם אֶליֿוֺם Num 30:15 (P) 1Chr 16:23 (in the || Ps 96:2 מִיּוֺם לְיוֺם).

2. Where the limit is actually entered, into, Gen 6:18 and thou shalt enter into the ark Gen 7:1; Gen 19:3; Gen 41:21; Gen 42:17 & so after verbs of throwing, casting, putting Gen 37:22 (הִשְׁלִיךְ) Gen 39:20 וַיִּתְּנֵהוּ אֶלבֵּֿית הַסֹּהַר put him into the prison house, Exod 28:30 (Lev 8:8) Deut 23:25 so after קָבַר to bury Gen 23:19; Gen 25:9; Gen 49:29 שָׂחַט to squeeze Gen 40:11 מָחָה to blot out Num 5:23, etc.; metaphor Gen 6:6 was pained into or unto his heart, שָׂם אֶללֵֿב, הֵשִׁיב to place, bring. into ( = lay to) heart Deut 4:39; 2Sam 19:20 and elsewhere In connection with a number or multitude into which something enters, in among: 1Sam 10:22 behold he had hid himself אֶלהַֿכֵּלִים in among the baggage, Jer 4:3 sow not אֶלקֹֿצִים in among thorns.

3. Of direction towards anything:
   (a) of physical acts or states, as Gen 30:40 נָתַן פְּנֵי הַצּאֹן אֶל, Gen 39:7 נָשָׂא עֵינָיו אֶל, Exod 25:20; Num 6:26, נָשָׂא פָנָיו אֶל (2Kgs 9:32 differently), 2Kgs 24:1 שָׁת פָּנָיו אֶל, Josh 8:18; Ps 28:2; 1Kgs 8:29; 1Kgs 8:30 (to pray towards) v1Kgs 8:38 pregnantly חָרֵד אֶל to tremble (turning) to Gen 42:28, תָּמַהּ אֶל to, wonder (turning) towards Gen 43:33; Isa 13:8, פָּחַד אֶל Jer 36:16: without a verb פָּנִים אֶלפָּֿנִים face to face Gen 32:31 +; פֶּה אֶלפֶּֿה Num 12:8 כִּיאֵֿינֶנּוּ אֵלַי Gen 31:5 the face of Laban, that he is not toward me; ׳אֶלפֿ ׳עֵינֵי י the eyes of ׳י are towards . . . Ps 34:16 (compare Ps 33:18).
   (b) with words such as אָמַרto say to Gen 3:1 + often, דִּבֶּר Gen 8:15 + often, קָרָא Gen 19:5, הִחְפַּלֵּל Gen 20:17 etc., שָׁמַע to hearken to Gen 16:11, הִלֵּל to praise to Gen 12:15 (compare Ezek 13:19 חִלֵּל אֶל to profane to), הִזְכִּיר Ezek 40:14.
   (c) with words expressing the direction of the mind, as קִוָּה to wait Ps 27:14 +; יִחַל to hope Isa 51:5 נָשָׂא נֶפֶשׁ אֶל to lift up the soul (i.e. set the desire) towards Deut 24:15; Ps 25:1 שָׂם לֵב אֶל, שָׁת to set the heart (mind) to Exod 9:21 and elsewhere; לָמַד אֶל to accustom oneself to Jer 10:2 חָרֵד אֶל to shew fear towards 2Kgs 4:13; Gen 43:30; Deut 28:32 and thy eyes כָּלוֺת אֲלֵיהֶם failing (with longing) towards them, Lam 4:17; Isa 63:15; 2Sam 3:8; 1Kgs 14:13; Ps 40:6 alone, as predicate, directed or disposed towards, Gen 3:16; Gen 4:7; 2Kgs 6:11 who of ours is towards (i.e. favours) the king of Syria? Hos 3:3 וְגַםאֲֿנִי אֵלָֽיִח׃ Ezek 36:9; Hag 2:17; Jer 15:1 (אֵין נַפְשִׁי אֶל).

4. Where the motion or direction implied appears from the context to be of a hostile character, אֶל = against: Gen 4:8 אֶלהֶֿבֶל ׳וַיָּקָם קand Cain rose up against Abel (so 1Sam 24:8) 1Sam 22:12; Exod 14:5; Num 32:14 with נִקְבַּץ Josh 10:6, הָלַךְ Judg 1:10; Judg 20:30 with בָּא of calamity, etc., coming to or upon any one Gen 42:21; Judg 9:57; 1Sam 2:34; 1Kgs 14:10 +; Isa 2:4; Isa 3:8 their tongue and doings are ׳אֶליֿ Isa 32:6 (לְדַבֵּר אֶל) Hos 7:15 (compare Nah 1:9) Hos 12:5 וַיָּשַׂר אֶלמַֿלְאָךְ and he strove against the angel. Here also belongs in particular the phrase הִנְנִי אֶל ֗֗֗ Behold I am against (thee, you, etc.) Nah 2:14; Nah 3:5; Jer 21:13 (Jer 23:30-32 על) Jer 50:31; Jer 51:25; Ezek 13:8; Ezek 13:20; Ezek 21:8; Ezek 29:10; Ezek 30:22; Ezek 34:10; Ezek 35:3; Ezek 38:3; Ezek 39:1 (Ezek 5:8; Ezek 26:3; Ezek 28:22; Ezek 29:3 על: on Ezek 36:9 see above)

5. Unto sometimes acquires from the context the sense of in addition to, as Lev 18:18 thou shalt not take אִשָּׁה אֶל אֲחוֺתָהּ a woman to, in addition to, her sister, Josh 13:22 (|| Num 31:8 על); 1Sam 14:34 at eat אֶלהַֿחָם together with the blood (1Sam 14:32 & generally עַל); 1Kgs 10:7 הוֺסִיף אֶל (generally עַל); Jer 25:26; Ezek 7:26 שְׁמוּעָה אֶל שְׁמוּעָה || (עלׅ; Ezek 44:7; Lam 3:41 let us lift up לְבָבֵנוּ אֶלכַּֿפָּ֑יִם our hearts together with the hands (compare , Qor 4:2; WAG ii. § 51 c).

6. Metaphor in regard to, concerning, on account of : thus הִתְאַבֵּל to mourn concerning 1Sam 15:35 הִנָּחֵם to repent as regards 2Sam 24:16 דָּרַשׁ to inquire 1Kgs 14:5 הִתְפַּלֵּל to pray with regard to 1Sam 1:27; 2Kgs 19:20 צָעַק to cry 2Kgs 8:3 (2Kgs 8:5 על); נֶעֳצַב be pained 1Sam 20:34 נִחַם to comfort 2Sam 10:2 more generally 1Kgs 16:13; 1Kgs 21:22 אֶלנֶֿפֶשׁ on account of, for the sake of, one's life 1Kgs 19:3; 2Kgs 7:7 (Gen 19:17 על). (עַל is more common in this sense.) And specially with verbs of saying, narrating, telling, etc. with regard to, as אָמַר Gen 20:2; Isa 29:22; Isa 37:21; Isa 37:33 +; דִּבֶּר 2Sam 7:19; Jer 40:16 b; סִפֵּר Ps 2:7; Ps 69:27 צִוָּה Isa 23:11 שָׁמַע Ezek 19:4 הַשְּׁמוּעָה אֶל the report regarding. . . 1Sam 4:19. (Not frequently, ext. in the case of אָמַר.)

7. Of rule or standard, according to (rare): אֶלפִּֿי ֗֗֗ according to the command of, Josh 15:13; Josh 17:4; Josh 21:3 (generally עַלפִּֿי); אֶלנָֿבוֺן according to what is fixed = of a certainty 1Sam 23:23; 1Sam 26:4 (see Dr): perhaps Ps 5:1; Ps 80:1 (Ps 45:1 עַל).

8. Expressing presence at a spot, against; at, by, not merely after verbs expressing or implying motion (compare 1, Gen 24:11), as Josh 11:5 and they came and encamped together אֶלמֵֿי מֵרוֺם at the waters of Merom, 1Sam 5:4 cut off (and fallen) on to the threshold, 2Sam 2:23 and elsewhere and smote him אֶלהַֿחֹמֶשׁ in or on the belly, Deut 33:28; Exod 29:12; Lev 4:7 but also in other cases, as Josh 5:3 and he circumcised the Israelites אֶל against, at the hill of the foreskins, Josh 22:11 have built an altar אֶל גְּלִילוֺת הַיַּרְדֵּן by the districts of Jordan, Judg 12:6 & 2Sam 18:4 אֶליַֿד at the side of (elsewhere לְיַד, עַל יַד), 1Kgs 13:20 as they were sitting אֶלהַֿשֻּׁלְחָן at the table, 2Kgs 11:14 אֶלהַֿמֶּלֶךְ by the king, Jer 41:12 and found him by the great waters, etc., Jer 46:10 אֶלנְֿהַר פְּרָת by the Euphrates, Ezek 3:15; Ezek 11:11; Ezek 17:8; Ezek 31:7; Ezek 40:18; Ezek 43:3; Ezek 47:7; Ezek 48:12.

9. Prefixed to other preps. it combines with them the idea of motion or direction to: thus אֶלאַֿחֲרֵי 2Sam 5:23; 2Kgs 9:18; 2Kgs 9:19 סֹב אֶלאַֿחֲרַי turn to behind me, Zech 6:5 (where אֶל is pleonastic, probably due to clerical error; note יצא אל before & after); אֶלבֵּֿין in between Ezek 31:10; Ezek 31:14 אֵלבֵּֿינוֺת similarly Ezek 10:2 ׳אֶלמִֿבֵּית לְ to (the part) within (see below בַּיִת), in within Lev 16:15; 2Kgs 11:15 || have her forth in within the ranks; אֶלמֿוּל see מוּל; ׳אֶלמִֿנֶּגֶב לְ unto the south of Josh 15:3 ׳אֶלמִֿחוּץ לְ to the outside of Lev 4:12; Lev 4:21 +; אֶלנֹֿכַח to the front of Num 19:4 אֶלתַּֿחַת Judg 6:19; 1Kgs 8:6 and elsewhere (see below תַּחַת).

Note I. — In Gen 20:13 אֶלכָּֿלהַֿמָּקוֺם אֲשֶׁר נָבוֺא ׳שָׁמָּה אִמְרִילִֿי וג; Num 33:54 ׳אֶלאֲֿשֶׁר וג; Prov 17:8 (compare Deut 16:6); — אֶל appears to be used by a species of attraction; the idea of motion involved in the relative clause influencing illogically the beginning of the sentence and causing אֶל to be used instead of בְּ. In Deut 31:14 אֵלֵיהֶם, as pointed, can only be from אַיִל III or IV (q. v.); if the word be taken as the Pronoun with suffix (Hi Ke), אֲלֵיהֶם must be read.

Note 2. — There is a tendency in Hebrew, especially manifest in Samuel Kings Jeremiah Ezekiel, to use אֶל in the sense of עַל; sometimes אֶל being used exceptionally in a phrase or construction which regularly, and in accusative with analogy, has עַל; sometimes, the two prepositions interchanging, apparently without discrimination, in the same or parallel sentences. Thus
   (a) Josh 5:14 וִיִּפֹּל אֶלפָּֿנָיו; 1Sam 13:13 אֶתמַֿמְלַכְתְּךָ אֶליִֿשְׂרָאֵל ׳הֵקִים י; 1Sam 14:34 (see below 5); 1Sam 17:3 עֹמְדִים אֶלהָֿהָר (contractee עַל Deut 11:29); Deut 19:16; 2Sam 6:3; 2Sam 20:23 (contracted 2Sam 8:16) 1Kgs 13:29; 1Kgs 18:46 (contracted 2Kgs 3:15 על) Jer 35:15; Ezek 7:18.
   (b) Judg 6:37 and upon (עַל) all the earth let there be dryness, vJudg 6:39 let there be dryness on (אֶל) the fleece; 1Sam 14:10 come up עָלֵינוּ, v1Sam 14:12 come up אֵלֵינוּ; 1Sam 16; 1Sam 18:10 צָלַח אֶל, 1Sam 10:6 and elsewhere צָלַח עַל; 1Sam 25:17 evil is determined אֶלאֲֿדֹנֵינוּ וְעַל כָּלבֵּֿיתוֺ; v1Sam 25:25; 1Sam 27:10; 2Sam 2:9 וַיַּמְלִכֵהוּ אֶל וְ֗֗֗אֶל וְ֗֗֗אֶל וְ֗֗֗עַל וְ֗֗֗עַל וְ֗֗֗עַל; 2Sam 3:29 יָחֻלוּ עַל ֗֗֗ וְאֶל ֗֗֗ 2Kgs 8:3 & 5; 2Kgs 3; Jer 19:15; Jer 25:2; Jer 26:15 ye lay innocent blood עֲלֵיכֶם וְאֶלהָֿעִיר הַזּאֹת; Jer 27:19; Jer 28:8; Jer 33:14; Jer 34:7; Jer 36:31; Jer 37:13; Jer 37:14; Ezek 18:6; Ezek 18:11 & 15; Ezek 21:12 etc. Ps 79:6 (Jer 10:25 על twice). It is probably that this interchange, at least in many cases, is not original, but due to transcribers.

[Note]

Conversely, though not with the same frequency, עַל occurs where analogy would lead us to expect אֶל, or even in juxtaposition with אֶל, as 1Sam 1:10 הִתְפַּלֵּל עַל to pray to (1Sam 1:26 אֶל); v1Sam 1:13; 1Sam 25:25 אֶלעַ֗֗֗ל; 1Kgs 20:43 וַיֵּלֶךְ עַלבֵּֿיתוֺ (1Kgs 21:4 אֶל); Isa 22:15; Jer 11:2; Jer 23:35; Jer 31:12. compare DrSm i. 13, 13; ii. 8, 7; 15, 4.

Strong's Definition H413
unto, to, into, upon, against, …
ʾēl
near, with or among; often in general, to
  • to, toward, unto (of motion)
    • "into (limit is actually entered)
    • in among
    toward (of direction, not necessarily physical motion)"against (motion or direction of a hostile character)"in addition to, to"concerning, in regard to, in reference to, on account of"according to (rule or standard)"at, by, against (of one's presence)"in between, in within, to within, unto (idea of motion to)
Variations 46 forms of this word
Translations 329 English renderings
Search every verse
Word Parts
כְּזָבִ֔ים
כְּזָבִ֔ים
Root word lie, lied, lies, liar, liars, …
Dictionary form: כָּזַב · kaw-DZAHB
Vowels & Accents
Hebrew Alephbet
Grammar Ncmpa
Noun — Common, masculine plural, absolute state plural — usually add "-s"
כְּזָבִים Speech Noun Type Common Gender Masculine Number Plural State Absolute
In English
In the KJV here: me lies
lie ×2 and they lied ×1 are liars ×1 by your lying ×1 do lie ×1 do not lie ×1 fail not ×1 i lie ×1
More options
lie — Direct, modern equivalent; broadly applicable in most contexts.
deceive — Emphasizes the relational betrayal and intent to mislead.
speak falsely — Formal register; suits legal or prophetic contexts.
mislead — Softer tone; useful when deception is subtle or indirect.
prove false — Best for contexts where a promise or word fails or disappoints.
be a liar — Stative use; suits characterizing someone's nature or identity.
Brown-Driver-Briggs (BDB)

BDB3975 H3576

BDB3974 | BIBLICAL HEBREW | BDB3976

[כָּזַב] verb lie, be a liar (Arabic ; Aramaic כְּדַב, id. chiefly Pa`el; Late Hebrew כָּזַב) —

Qal Participle כָּלהָֿאָדָם כֹּזֵב Ps 116:11 (compare כָּזָּב Ps 62:10). Niph`al Perfect 3 feminine singular תֹּחַלְתּוֺ נִכְזָ֑בָה Job 41:1 his hope has been made deceptive, i.e. been shewn to be so; 2 masculine singular consecutive וְנִכְזָ֑בְתָּ Prov 30:6 lest he convict thee and thou be proven a liar. Pi`el Perfect 3 masculine singular כִּזֵּב Mic 2:11 Imperfect 3 masculine singular יְכַזֵּב Hab 2:3; Prov 14:5 וִיכַזֵּב Num 23:19, etc.; Infinitive construct suffix כַזֶּבְכֶם (בְּ) Ezek 13:19 —
1. lie, tell a lie, absolute, Num 23:19 (JE), Mic 2:11; Job 6:28; Job 34:6; Prov 14:5; Isa 57:11 followed by לְ person lie to Ezek 13:9; Ps 78:36; Ps 89:36 followed by בְּ person tell a lie with, i.e. in intercourse, conversation with 2Kgs 4:16.
2. disappoint, fail, of a divine revelation Hab 2:3 waters of a spring Isa 58:11. Hiph`il Imperfect 3 masculine singular suffix יַכְזִיבֵנִי Job 24:25 who will make me a liar? i.e. prove me to be so (compare Niph`al)

BDB9604 H3538 H3576

BDB9603 | BIBLICAL ARAMAIC | BDB9605

[כְּדַב] adjective false (ᵑ7 Syriac; see Biblical Hebrew כזב); — feminine singular absolute מִלָּה כִדְבָה Dan 2:9 ( > noun appositive K175 M66 *#168;).

כְּ דִי see דִּי.

Strong's Definition H3576
lie, lied, lies, liar, liars, …
kāzab
to lie (i.e., deceive), literally or figuratively
  • to lie, tell a lie, be a liar, be found a liar, be in vain, fail
    • (Qal) liar (participle)
      • "(Niphal) to be proven to be lying"(Piel)
      • to lie, tell a lie, tell a lie with, deceive
        • "to disappoint, fail
      (Hiphil) to make a liar, prove to be a liar
Variations 14 forms of this word
Translations 16 English renderings
Search every verse
Word Parts
הַגִּ֣ידָ ה
הַגִּ֣ידָ
Root word told, tell, declare, shew, shewed, …
ה
Suffix poetic ending — no change in meaning
Dictionary form: נָגַד · naw-ɡAHD
Vowels & Accents
Hebrew Alephbet
Grammar Vhv2ms/Sh
Verb — Hiphil, Imperative, second person masculine singular causative — "he made (someone) do" a command — try "___!" the built-in subject is "you"
הַגִּידָ Speech Verb Stem Hiphil Type Imperative Person Second Person Gender Masculine Number Singular
ה Speech Suffix Type Paragogic He
In English
In the KJV here: tell
and told ×37 told ×25 tell ×24 and it was told ×18 declare ×16 and they told ×10 shew ×7 to shew ×6
More options
tell — Most natural, everyday choice for direct speech contexts.
declare — Slightly formal; suits proclamations or solemn announcements.
report — Good when information is relayed from a third party.
announce — Emphasizes public or official disclosure of news.
reveal — Highlights that hidden information is being brought to light.
make known — Stresses the communicative result; fits instructional passages.
Brown-Driver-Briggs (BDB)

BDB4962 H5046

BDB4961 | BIBLICAL HEBREW | BDB4963

[נָגַד]363 verb be conspicuous (Late Hebrew in derivatives; Phoenician proper name, masculine נגד; Arabic conquer, overcome, also be apparent, conspicuous; high land or country; be courageous, vigorous, effective, courageous, efficient; Aramaic , נְגַד drag, draw, lead; נָגוֺדָא leader; Ethiopic is travel); —

Hiph`il328 Perfect הִגִּיד Gen 3:11 +, 3 feminine singular הִגִּ֫ידָה 1Sam 25:19 +, הִגַּדְתָּ Gen 12:8 +, etc.; Imperfect יַגִּיד 1Sam 9:6 +; וַיַּגֵּד Gen 9:22 +; suffix יַגִּידֶ֫הָ Isa 44:7 יַגִּדָהּ Jer 9:11 יַגֵָּֽדְךָ Deut 32:7 (jussive), etc.; Imperative הַגֵּד 2Sam 18:21 +; הַגִּ֫ידָה Gen 29:15 +, etc.; Infinitive absolute הַגֵּד Judg 14:12 + 2 t.; הַגֵּיד Jer 36:16 construct לְהַגִּיד Gen 32:6 +; לגיד 2Kgs 9:15 Kt. (Qr ׳לְהַגּ); Participle מַגִּיד Gen 41:24 +; feminine מַגֶּ֫דֶת Esth 2:20 plural construct מַגִּידֵי Judg 14:19 — declare, tell [usually followed by לְ of indirect object Gen 3:11 + often; insert also 1Sam 12:7; 2Sam 13:34 ᵐ5 Th We Klo Dr Kit Bu, so HPS 2Sam 13:34 (1Sam 12:7 he following HCT as more different); followed by אֶל Exod 19:9; 1Sam 3:15 followed by לִפְנֵי 1Sam 17:31; Ps 142:3 עַלפָּֿנָיו Job 21:31 בְּאָזְנֵָי Jer 36:20 followed by בְּ local (instead of indirect object) chiefly prophets Jer 4:5; Jer 5:20; Jer 31:10 +; also 1Sam 4:13; 2Sam 1:20; 2Kgs 9:15; Mic 1:10 rarely followed by accusative of person 2Sam 15:31 (but read וּלְדָוִד הִגִּיד HPS (indefinite subject), or הֻגַּד ׳ולס We Dr Kit, ᵐ5 ᵑ9 Th Klo Bu favour הֻגַּד), 2Kgs 7:9; 2Kgs 7:11; Ezek 43:10; Job 17:5; Job 26:4; Job 31:37 followed by direct object in accusative Gen 45:13 + often; followed by clause with כִּי Gen 3:11 + often; followed by clause with אֲשֶׁר = כִּי (late) Esth 3:4; Esth 6:2 followed by clause with מָה Gen 29:15; Judg 16:15; Esth 8:1 +; followed by clause with מִי 2Kgs 6:11 followed by clause with אֵיבָה Song 1:7, once followed by clause with הֲ Gen 43:6, etc.; often no direct object, followed by לֵאמֹר Exod 13:8; 1Sam 25:14 +; followed by וַיּאֹמֶר Gen 47:1 +; אמר then following by oratio recta [direct speech]; ׳הִגּ alone followed by oratio recta Zech 9:12 followed by עַל concerning, 1Sam 27:11; Esth 6:2 often indirect object omitted 1Sam 24:19 +; direct object omitted Judg 13:10 +; both omitted Lev 5:1 + ]. In Hexateuch rarely P, Lev 5:1; Lev 14:35; Exod 16:22 ; J, Gen 3:11; Gen 12:18; Exod 13:8 + 18 t.; E, Gen 21:6; Gen 31:20; Gen 41:25 + 15 t.; D, Deut 17:9; Deut 26:3; Deut 30:18 + 5 t.; —
1. tell, announce, report, usually human subject Gen 9:22; Gen 24:23; Gen 32:6; Lev 14:35; Judg 13:6; 1Sam 3:18; 1Kgs 1:23; Neh 2:12; Esth 2:10 (twice in verse); Job 12:7; Ps 142:3; Isa 19:12; Jer 5:20; Ezek 24:19 +.
2. declare, make known, expound, especially of something before not understood, concealed or mysterious, Gen 3:11; Gen 12:18, etc.; 1Kgs 10:3 = 2Chr 9:2 a riddle Judg 14:12; Judg 14:15; Judg 14:16 (3 t. in verse); Judg 14:19 dream Dan 2:2 secret Job 11:6, etc.; of ׳י as revealing, Gen 41:25; 2Sam 7:11; 2Kgs 4:27; Mic 6:8; Jer 42:3; Ps 147:19 of declaring by ׳י's agents Deut 5:5; Mic 3:8; 1Sam 15:16; 2Sam 24:13; Jer 50:28; Isa 58:1 by divin. Hos 4:12.
3. inform of (play the informer concerning) Josh 2:14; Josh 2:20; Jer 20:10; Job 17:5; Lev 5:1; Prov 29:24.
4. publish declare, proclaim, especially of proclaiming wisdom, power, loving-kindness, etc., of ׳י (especially Psalms): Ps 9:12; Ps 22:32; Ps 51:17; Ps 92:3; Ps 92:16; Ps 145:4 +, subject heavens Ps 19:2; Ps 50:6; Ps 97:6; Isa 42:12; Isa 57:12.
5. avow, acknowledge, confess: Isa 3:9; Ps 38:19, compare Isa 48:6. — Participle = messenger 2Sam 15:13; Jer 51:31 (twice in verse) compare הַנַּ֫עַר הַמַּגִּיד 2Sam 1:5; 2Sam 1:6; 2Sam 1:13 ׳הָאִישׁ הַמּ 2Sam 18:11. Hoph`al Perfect הֻגַּד Josh 9:24 +; Imperfect וַיֻּגַּד Gen 22:20 +; Infinitive absolute הֻגֵּד Josh 9:24; Ruth 2:11 — be told, announced, reported, always followed byלְ (sometimes impersonal, logical subject in accusative, compare Gen 27:42; 2Sam 21:11, with feminine Isa 21:2 not in P): Gen 27:42 (J), Gen 31:22 (E), Deut 17:4; Josh 9:24 (twice in verse) (D), Ruth 2:11 (twice in verse); Judg 9:25; 2Sam 10:17; 2Sam 19:2; 2Sam 21:11; 2Sam 1:7; 2Sam 18:13; 2Sam 1:17; 2Sam 2:6; 2Sam 40:21 followed by לֵאמֹר Gen 22:20; Gen 38:13; Gen 13:24 (all J), Josh 10:17 (JE), 1Sam 15:12; 1Sam 19:19; 2Sam 6:12; 1Kgs 1:51; 2Kgs 6:13; 2Kgs 8:7; Isa 7:2 followed by clause with כִּי Exod 14:5 (J), Judg 9:47; Judg 1:7; Judg 23:13; Judg 27:4; Judg 1:29; Judg 29:41.

Strong's Definition H5046
told, tell, declare, shew, shewed, …
nāgad
properly, to front, i.e., stand boldly out opposite; by implication (causatively), to manifest; figuratively, to announce (always by word of mouth to one present); specifically, to expose, predict, explain, praise
  • to be conspicuous, tell, make known
    • (Hiphil) to tell, declare
      • to tell, announce, report
        • "to declare, make known, expound"to inform of"to publish, declare, proclaim"to avow, acknowledge, confess
        • messenger (participle)
      (Hophal) to be told, be announced, be reported
Variations 82 forms of this word
Translations 184 English renderings
Word Parts
לִּ ֔י
לִּ
Preposition to, for
֔י
Suffix — pronoun my / me
Vowels & Accents
Hebrew Alephbet
Grammar R/Sp1cs
Preposition
לִּ Speech Preposition
י Speech Suffix Type Pronominal Person First Person Number Singular
In English
it ×144 him ×95 them ×83 thee ×59 me ×53 unto him ×35 you ×28 he ×22
Search every verse
Word Parts
בַּ מֶּ֖ה
בַּ
Prefix — preposition in, at, by, with
מֶּ֖ה
Particle turns the sentence into a question
Dictionary form: מָה · maw
Vowels & Accents
Hebrew Alephbet
Grammar R/Ti
Particle — Interrogative
בַּ Speech Preposition
מֶּה Speech Particle Type Interrogative
In English
In the KJV here: me wherewith
what ×268 why ×81 wherefore ×64 how ×44 and what ×35 wherein ×12 and why ×10 him what ×9
More options
what — Default interrogative; fits most direct questions.
why — Use when context implies reason or motive.
how — Use when manner or degree is in view.
for what reason — Formal alternative to 'why'; clarifies rhetorical force.
wherein — Replaces archaic form; for 'in what respect'.
whatever — Use for indefinite or relative pronoun contexts.
Brown-Driver-Briggs (BDB)

BDB4521 H1767 H4078 H4100

BDB4520 | BIBLICAL HEBREW | BDB4522

מַדַּי (i.e. מַהדַּֿי) 2Chr 30:3, see מה 1 e.

מִדֵּי see דַּי.

מִדְיָן, מְדִינָה see דין.

מִדְיָנִים see I. מדון. מְדֹכָה see דוך.

מַדְמֵן, I, II. מַדְמֵנָה, מַדְמַנָּה see דמן.

מְדָן see דין. מְדָנִים see מדון, מִדְיָנִי.

מַדַּע, מֹדַע, מֹדַ֫עַת see ידע.

[מַדְקָרָה], plural construct מַדְקְרוֺת see דקר.

מַדְרֵגָה see דרג. מְדֻרָה see דור.

[מִדְרָךְ] see דרך. [מִדְרָשׁ] see דרשׁ.

[מְדֻשָׁה] see דושׁ.

BDB4522 H4100 H4078

BDB4521 | BIBLICAL HEBREW | BDB4523

מָה, rarely מָהֿ (e.g. Gen 31:43; Josh 22:16; Judg 8:1), מַהֿ, מַהּ , מֶה, מַּ  ( Exod 4:2; Isa 3:15; Mal 1:13; 1Chr 15:13; 2Chr 30:3), מָ (only in מָהֵם Ezek 8:6 Kt., Qr. מָה הֵם) — on the distinction in the use of these forms, see Ges«GKC:37»§ 37 —

pronoun interrogative and indefinite what? how? aught; used of things, as מִי of persons (Aramaic , מָא, Arabic ; probably apocope from a longer form with n or nt, Assyrian minû (DlHWB 417 f.), Ethiopic ment; compare WCG 123 ff. K?:ii. 368): —
1. interrogative what ?
  a. in a direct question, before either verbs or nouns Gen 4:10 מֶה עשׂית what hast thou done ? Gen 15:2 מהתֿתןלֿי what wilt thou give me ? Exod 3:13 מַהשְּֿׁמוֺ, Exod 12:26; Exod 13:14 and so very often: מַההִֿיא Zech 5:6 מה אלה Zech 1:9 מָה אַתָּה רֹאֶה Jer 1:11; Amos 7:8 +; Jl Amos 4:14 מה אתם לי; Judg 18:8 מה אתם see Commentaries, vJudg 18:24 מה לי עוד what have I still ? Isa 21:11 מהמֿלילה what (= how much) of the night (is past) ? = as what ? (qualem ?) Hag 2:3 (compare מִי Amos 7:2); to express surprise, Job 9:12 who shall say to him, מה תעשׂה what doest thou ? Job 22:13; Eccl 8:4; Isa 45:9; Isa 45:10 followed by כִּי, Gen 20:10 מה ראית כי עשׂית what hadst thou in view, that thou hast done, etc.? Gen 31:36; Exod 16:7 וְנַחְנוּ מָה כִּי and what are we, that . . .? Exod 32:21; Num 22:28; Hab 2:18, etc. Note in particular —
   (a) מָה is followed sometimes by a substantive in apposition (against Arabic usage, which does not permit this: WAG. ii. § 170), so that it becomes virtually an adjective: מַהבֶּֿצַע what profit . . .? Gen 37:26; Ps 30:10; Mal 3:14; Isa 40:8 מַהדְּֿמוּת, Mal 1:13; Ps 89:48 זְכָראֲֿנִי מֶה חָ֑לֶד (inverted for חֶלֶד אָ֑נִי מַה) remember (of) what (short) duration I am, Eccl 1:3; Eccl 5:10; Eccl 5:15; Eccl 6:8; Eccl 6:11 (Da§ 8, R. 2 K?:iii. 23 f.); as exclamation, Ps 89:48b Job 26:14. And with the substantive idiomatically at the end (in Arabic preceded then by : WAG. ii. § 49. 7), 1Sam 26:18 ומַהבֿידי רעה and what is there in my hand, evil ? 1Sam 20:10 (see 3), 2Sam 19:29; 2Sam 24:13; 2Sam 1:16; מהמֿצאו אבותיכם בי עָוֶל, Eccl 11:2; Esth 6:3.
   (b) מַהזֶּֿה what now ? 1Sam 10:11, contracted מַזֶּה Exod 4:2 (זֶה 4 c); Gen 3:13 מַהזּֿאֹת עָשִׂיתָ; Gen 12:18; Gen 29:25 מַהזּֿאֹת עָשִׂיתָה לִּי; similarly Gen 26:10; Gen 42:28 +, either what, now, hast thou done ? or what is this that thou hast done ? (see זֶה 4 d).
   (c) לְּךָ מַהֿ what to thee ? i.e. what aileth thee ? or what dost thou want ? Gen 21:17 מַהלָּֿךְ הָגָר; Josh 15:18; 2Sam 14:5; 1Kgs 1:16; 2Kgs 6:28; Ezek 18:2 (accents); followed by כִּי, Judg 18:23 מהלֿך כי נזעקת, Gen 20:9 (compare 1Sam 11:5 לעם כי יבכו מה), Isa 22:1 מַהלָּֿךְ כִּי עָלִיתְ (compare τί παθὼν, τοῦτο ποιεῖς;), Ps 114:5 without כִּי Isa 3:15 (compare Qor 57:8; 57:10); with a participle, Jonah 1:6 what is it to thee as a sleeper ? (accusative: Da§ 70 a cites Qor 74:50), Ezek 18:2 (if אתם be treated as strengthening לכם).
   (d) פֹה (לִי) מַהלְּֿךָ = what hast thou (have I) here ? Judg 18:3; 1Kgs 19:9; Isa 22:16; Isa 52:5.
   (e) in the genitive, Jer 8:9 וְחָכְמַתמֶֿה לָהֶם, and wisdom of what (= what kind of wisdom) is theirs ? Num 23:3 (see below 3).
  b. often in an indirect question, as after ראה, Gen 2:19 to see מהיֿקראלֿו what he would call it, Gen 37:20 וְנִרְאֶה מהיֿהיו חלֹמֹתיו to what his dreams will come, Num 13:19f.; Hab 2:1 הִכִּיר Gen 31:32 ידע Gen 39:8; Exod 2:4 לדעת מהיֵּֿעָשֶׂה לו, Exod 16:15; Exod 32:1; Job 34:4 שׁמע Num 9:8 ׳וְאשׁמעה מהיֿצוה י (compare Ps 85:9), 2Sam 17:5 פֹּרַשׁ Num 15:34 שׁאל 1Kgs 3:5; 2Kgs 2:9 הֵבִין Job 6:24; Job 23:5: Num 13:18 מה היא וראיתם את הארץ, Ps 39:5; Isa 41:22 הראשׁנות מָה הֵנָּה הַגִּידוּ. — In some such cases it approximates in meaning to the simple rel., as Jer 7:17; Jer 33:24; Mic 6:5; Mic 6:8; Job 34:33.
  c. = of what kind ? (German was für ein ... ?), with an insinuation of blame, or reproach, or contempt: Gen 37:10 מה החלום הזה what is this dream which thou hast dreamt? Gen 44:15; Josh 22:16; Judg 8:1; Judg 15:11; Judg 20:12; 1Sam 29:3 מָה הָעִבְרִים האלה, 1Kgs 9:13 מה העדים האלה אשׁר נתתה לי, 2Kgs 9:22; 2Kgs 18:19.
  d. מה is often used in questions to which the answer little, or nothing, is expected, and it thus becomes equivalent to a rhetorical negative (compare הֲ b, מִי f c):
   (a) Gen 23:15 land worth 400 shekels..., מה היא what is it ? (i.e. it is something quite insignificant), Gen 27:37; Judg 8:3 עשׂות ככם ומהיֿכלתי, Judg 14:18; Hos 9:5; Hos 10:3; Ps 30:10; Ps 56:5; Job 15:9; Job 16:6; Job 21:21; Job 22:13; Job 22:17; Lam 2:13; Song 5:9 מַהאדּוֺדֵךְ מִדּוֺד what is thy beloved (more) than a(nother) beloved ? || לא, 1Kgs 12:16 מַהלָּֿנוּ חֵלֶק בְּדָוֺד וְלֹאנַֿחֲלָה בְּבֶן יִשַׁי (2Sam 20:1 ׳אֵיןלָֿנוּ חֵלֶק וג), Job 16:6.
   (b) followed by כִּי (כִּי 1 f), Gen 20:9; Gen 37:26 מַהבֶּֿצַע כִּי נַהֲרֹג what profit (is it) that we should slay him ? Exod 16:7; Num 16:11; Hab 2:18; 2Kgs 8:13 what is thy servant, the dog, that he should do, etc.? and often in poetry, as Ps 8:5 מָה אנושׁ כי תזכרנו what is man that thou rememberest him ? Job 6:11 מַהכֹּֿחִי כִּי אֲיַחֵל, vJob 6:11 b Job 7:17; Job 15:12f; Job 15:14; Job 16:3; Job 21:15 + (compare ׳מִ f b). Hence,
   (c) in the formula of repudiation, or emphatic denial, (וְלָכֶם) מַהלִּֿי וָלָךְ what is there (common) to me and to thee ? i.e. what have I to do with thee ? Judg 11:12; 2Sam 16:10 מה לי ולכם, 2Sam 19:23; 1Kgs 17:18; 2Kgs 3:13; 2Chr 35:21 compare Josh 22:24; 2Kgs 9:18; 2Kgs 9:19 rather differently, without וְ, Jer 2:18 ׳מה לך לדרך מ what is there to thee with reference to the way to Egypt ? Hos 14:9 מַהאלּוֺ לַעֲצַבִּים, compare Ps 50:16 (לְסַפֵּר); with את, Jer 23:28 מַהלַֿתֶּבֶן אֶתהַֿבָּר beside (or in comparison with) the wheat ? compare τί ἐμοὶ(ἡμῖν)καὶ σοί; Matt 8:29; Mark 5:7; John 2:4 and Arabic
  e. = whatsoever (compare מִי g):
   (a) Judg 9:48 ראיתם עשׂיתי מהרו עשׂו כמוני מה אתם, literally what do you see (that) I have done ? hasten, and do like me (= whatever ye see, etc.), 2Sam 21:4 אעשׂה לכם מה אתם אמרים, Job 6:24 with the apodosis introduced by וְ, 1Sam 20:4 מה תאמר נפשׁך ואעשׂה לך; Esth 5:3 בַּקָּשָׁתֵךְ ֗֗֗ וְיִנָּתֵן לָךְ מַהֿ, vEsth 5:6; Esth 7:2; Esth 9:12 hence in the late and strange idiom of Chronicles, it sinks twice almost to the rel. what, 1Chr 15:13 כי לְמַבָּרִאשׁוֺנָה לא אתם because ye were not (employed) for what was at first (on the former occasion), J. etc., 2Chr 30:3 לְמַדַּי according to what was sufficient (= in sufficient numbers), compare Esth 9:26.
   (b) -מַהשֶּֿׁ (late: frequently in Mishna, etc.), whatever, what (compare מִי אֲשֶׁר, מִי
  g. end): Eccl 1:9 מַהשֶּֿׁהָיָה הוּא שֶׁיִּהְיֶה, literally what is that which hath been ? it is that which shall be (= whatever hath been, it is that which shall be), vEccl 1:9; Eccl 3:15; Eccl 3:22; Eccl 6:10; Eccl 7:24; Eccl 8:7; Eccl 10:14.
2. Used adverbially:
  a. as an interrogative:
   (a) how ? especially in expressing what is regarded as an impossibility, Gen 44:16 מַהנִּֿצְטַדָּ֑ק how shall we justify ourselves ? Num 23:8 (twice in verse); 1Sam 10:27 מַהיּֿשִׁעֵנוּ זֶה, 2Kgs 4:43; Job 9:2; Job 25:4 (twice in verse); Job 31:1 I made a covenant with my eyes, ׳וּמָה אֶתְבּוֺנֵן עַל ב and how should I look upon a maid ? (ᵐ5 οὐ, ᵑ9 non), Prov 20:24 דַּרְכּוֺ וְאָדָם מַהיָּֿבִין; in an indirect question, Exod 10:26; Ps 39:5 ֵ˜אדְעָה מֶהחָֿדֵל אָ֑נִי; מַהזֶּֿה, how, now ? (in surprise), Gen 27:20 מַהזֶּֿה מִהַרְתָּ לִמְצאֹ בְּנִי, Judg 18:24; 1Kgs 21:5; 2Kgs 1:5.
   (b) why ? Exod 14:15 אֵלַי מַה תִּצְעַק, Exod 17:2 (twice in verse); 2Kgs 6:33; 2Kgs 7:3; Ps 42:6 מַהתִּֿשְׁתּוֺחֲחִי עלי, Job 15:12 +; Song 8:4 I adjure you מַהתָּֿעִירוּ וּמַהתְּֿעוֺרֲרוּ, why will ye stir up, etc.? (i.e. do not: || אִם Song 2:7; Song 3:5). — The transition from the interrogative to the negative, to which in Hebrew there is an approximate (see above: especially 1Kgs 12:16; Job 31:1; Song 8:4), is in Arabic complete, being there used constantly in the sense of not (compare WalkerHebraica. xii. 244 ff.; Köiii, 478).
  b. as an exclamation, how ...! with adjectives and verbs, Gen 28:17 מַהנּֿוֺרָא הַמָּקוֺם הַזֶּה how dreadful is this place! Gen 38:29; Num 24:5 מַהטֹּֿבוּ אֹהָלֶיךָ, Isa 52:7; Ps 3:2 מה רבו, Ps 8:2 מה אדיר, Ps 21:2; Ps 36:8, etc., Song 4:10 (twice in verse); Song 7:2 ironically, 2Sam 6:20; Jer 2:33; Jer 2:36; Job 26:2; Job 26:3.
3. indefinite pronoun anything, aught, Num 23:3 וּדְבַרמַֿהיַּֿרְאֵנִי וְהִגַּדְתִּי לָ֑ךְ and he will shew me the matter of aught, and I will tell thee (= if he shew me... I will, etc., Dr§ 149), 1Sam 19:3 וְרָאִיתִי מָה וִהִגַּדְתִּי לָ֑ךְ = and if I see aught, I will, etc., 1Sam 20:10 אוֺ מַהיַּֿעַנִךָ אָבִיךָ קָשָׁה if perchance thy father shall answer thee aught that is harsh (order, 1 a a), 2Sam 18:22 וִיהִימָֿה אָרוּצָהנָּֿא but let there happen what may (literally aught), I will run, v2Sam 18:23 (compare Job 13:13 וְיַעֲבֹר עָלַי מָה), vJob 13:29 וְלֹא יָדַעְתִּי מָה (compare Prov 9:13), Prov 25:8. compare Köiii. § 65.
4. With prepositions:
  a. בַּמָּה9, בַּמֶּה19 wherein ? Exod 22:26; Judg 16:5; 1Sam 14:38 (indirect question; We בְּמִי); and so according to the various senses of בְּ: whereby ? Gen 15:8; Exod 33:16; Mal 1:2; Mal 1:6; Mal 1:7; Mal 2:17; Mal 3:7-8 wherewith ? 1Sam 6:2; 2Sam 21:3; Mic 6:6 by what means ? Judg 16:5 וּבַמֶּה נוּכַל לוֺ; at what (worth) ? Isa 2:22 for what ? 2Chr 7:21 (|| 1Kgs 9:8 עלמֿה).
  b. יַעַן מֶה Hag 1:9 because of what ?
  c. כַּמָּה, כַּמֶּה, properly the like of what ? (Arabic , Syriac ); hence
   (a) how much ? how many ? ׳כַּמָּה יְמֵי וגו Gen 47:8; 2Sam 19:35; Ps 119:84; Job 13:23 עַד כַּמֶּה פְעָמִים 1Kgs 22:16 (= 2Chr 18:15); כַּמָּה how often ? Job 21:17 (i.e. how seldom !); in an indirect question, how much ? Zech 2:6 (twice in verse). As an exclamation, Zech 7:3 as I have done זֶה כַמֶּה שָׁנִים now (זֶה 4 i), how many years ! Ps 78:40 כַּמָּה how often !
   (b) for how long ? Ps 35:17 כמה תראה, Job 7:19.
  d. לָ֫מָּה, לָמָ֫ה (לָמָ֫ה mostly before the gutturals א, ה, ע and ׳י [i.e. אֲדֹנָי], but twice besides, Ps 42:10; Ps 43:2 לָ֫מָּה also occurs before guttural, in five places noted by Masoretes on Ps 43:2, namely 1Sam 28:15; 2Sam 2:22; 2Sam 14:31; Ps 49:6; Jer 15:18, and before ךְ Gen 4:6; 2Sam 14:13; 2Sam 24:3; Eccl 2:15), לָ֫מָה Job 7:20, לָ֫מֶה 1Sam 1:8 (3 t. in verse), for what reason ? why? Gen 4:6 למה חרה לך why art thou angry ? Gen 24:31, etc.; often strengthened by זֶה (זֶה 4 e), Gen 18:13; Gen 32:30 (= Judg 13:18) למה זה תשׁאל לשׁמי, Judg 33:15; Exod 2:20; Exod 5:22; Exod 17:3, etc., Jer 6:20; Jer 20:18 +; Gen 25:22 זה אנכי אם כן למהֿ if so, why, then, am I ? (why do I continue to live ?); = to what purpose (followed by לִ person), Gen 27:46 למה לי חיים, Isa 1:11; Jer 6:20; Amos 5:18 למה זה ׳לכם יום י, Job 30:2 in an indirect question, 1Sam 6:3; Dan 10:20. Note especially
   (a) in expostulations, Gen 12:18 למה לא הגדת לי why didst thou not tell me, etc. ? vGen 12:19; Gen 29:25; Gen 31:27; Gen 42:1; Gen 43:6; 1Sam 21:15; 1Sam 22:13; 1Sam 24:10; Ps 22:2; Ps 44:24; Ps 44:25; Ps 74:1; Ps 74:11 + often;
   (b) with an imperfect, often deprecating, or introducing rhetorically, the reason why something should, or should not, be done, why should . . .? 1Sam 19:5; 1Sam 19:17; 1Sam 20:8 but to thy father (emphatic) למה זה תביאני, why shouldst thou bring me ? 1Sam 20:32 מה עשׂה למה יומת why should he be put to death ? 2Sam 13:26; 2Sam 16:9; 2Sam 20:19; 2Kgs 14:10, etc.: in such cases, it approximates in meaning to lest (compare Phoenician CISi. 2, 21 יסגרינם אלנם לָםָ ne tradant eos dii), and is in ᵐ5 often rendered by μήποτε, as Gen 27:45 למה אשׁכל why should I be bereaved, etc. ? Exod 32:12 יאמרו מצרים למה Neh 6:3; Ps 79:10; Ps 115:2; Eccl 7:16, μή, Jer 40:15, ἵνα μή, Gen 47:19; 2Sam 2:22; 2Chr 25:16; Eccl 5:5; Eccl 7:17, or ὅπως μή, Joel 2:17 (in 1Sam 19:17; 2Sam 13:26, paraph. by εἰ μή); and, connected with the foregoing sentence by אשׁר, or שֶׁ, in late, or dialect., Hebrew it actually has that meaning, Dan 1:10 אֲשֶׁר לָמָּה יִרְאֶה lest he see, Song 1:7 שַׁלָּמָ֫ה אֶהְיֶה lest I become (so in Aramaic לְמָה דִּי Ezra 7:23, דִּילְמָא ᵑ7, Syriac , both regularly = lest).
  e. עַדמָֿה (Ps 4:3 עַדמֶֿה) until when ? how long ? Num 24:22 (aposiop.), Ps 4:3; Ps 79:5; Ps 89:47 in indirect question, Ps 74:9 (compare עד אנה, עד מתי). feminine עַלמָֿה, and עַלמֶֿה, upon what ? Job 38:6; 2Chr 32:10 upon what ground ? wherefore ? Num 22:32 עַלמָֿה הִכִּיתָ אֶתאֲֿתֹנְךָ, Deut 29:23 (compare 1Kgs 9:8; Jer 22:8), Isa 1:5; Jer 8:14; Jer 9:11; Jer 16:10; Ezek 21:12; Ps 10:13; Job 13:14 (probably dittograph from vJob 13:13); עלמֿהזֿה Neh 2:4. In an indirect question, Job 10:2 הוֺדִיעֻנִי עַל מַהתְּֿרִיבֻנִי, Esth 4:5 לָדַעַת מַהזֶּֿה וְעַלמַֿהוֶּֿה.

BDB8356 H834 H7945 H4100

BDB8355 | BIBLICAL HEBREW | BDB8357

שֶׁ, also ( Gen 6:3 [? see 4 a], Judg 5:7 (twice in verse); Song 1:7; Job 19:29 [?]) שַּׁ , שָׁ in שָׁאַתָּה Judg 6:17, and שְׁ in שְׁהוּא Eccl 2:22, שְׁהֵם Eccl 3:18 (elsewhere before guttural שֶׁ, as שֶׁאֲנִי Song 1:6; Eccl 2:18, שֶׁאֵין Ps 146:3, שֶׁהֵם Song 6:5; Lam 4:9, שֶׁעַל Judg 7:12; Judg 8:26, שֶׁרּאֹשִׁי Song 5:2), relative particle who, which, that, etc. (constantly in Late Hebrew; Aramaic of Nerab, Ldzb371, 445; Assyrian sha; Phoenician אש (regularly), also sometimes ש (Ldzb227 f.): according to Ges Ew§ 181 b Olp. 439 Sta§ 176 e, abbreviated from אֲשֶׁר; more probably (Sperling [see אֲשֶׁר], Köii. 323 f.) an original demonstrative particle), synonym with אֲשֶׁר, but in usage limited to late Hebrew, and passages with north Palestinian colouring, namely Judg 5:7 (twice in verse) [אֲשֶׁר vJudg 5:27], Judg 6:17; Judg 7:12; Judg 8:26; 2Kgs 6:11 (see 4 c), Jonah 1:7; Jonah 1:12; Jonah 4:10 [אֲשֶׁר 11 t.], Ps 122:3; Ps 122:4; Ps 123:2; Ps 124:1; Ps 124:2; Ps 124:6; Ps 129:6; Ps 129:7; Ps 133:2; Ps 133:3; Ps 135:2; Ps 135:8; Ps 135:10; Ps 136:23; Ps 137:8; Ps 137:9; Ps 144:15; Ps 146:3; Ps 146:5; Lam 2:15; Lam 2:16; Lam 4:9; Lam 5:18; Ezra 8:20; 1Chr 5:20; 1Chr 27:27 Canticles (uniformly, except in title Song 1:1); Ecclesiastes (68 t.; אֲשֶׁא 89 t.); also (dubious) Gen 6:3; Gen 49:10 (שֶׁלֹּה ᵐ5 ᵑ6 ᵑ7), Job 19:29 and in the proper name (q. v.) מִישָׁאֵל and מְתוּשָׁאֵל. — In usage, שֶּׁ  is in the main parallel with אֲשֶׁר, namely

1. as pronoun who, which, whom, Judg 7:12 כַּהוֺל שֶׁעַל שְׂפַת הַיָּם (compare חוֺל c), Ps 122:3; Ps 124:6 etc.; him whom, that which, etc., Song 1:7; Song 3:1; 1Chr 27:27; Eccl 1:11; Eccl 6:3 וְרַב שֶׁיִּהְיוּ יְמֵי חַיָּיו and much (verb) is that which his days amount to (Hi De and others), vEccl 6:10 הוּא שֶּׁ  that which Eccl 1:9 (twice in verse); in the genitive, אַשְׁרֵי שֶּׁ  Ps 137:8; Ps 137:9; Ps 146:5. — On מַהשֶּּֿׁ  in Eccl = whatever, what, see מָה 1 e b.
2. as a connecting link; = where (compare אֲשֶׁר p. 81, and 4 b β), מְקוֺם שֶּׁ  Eccl 1:7; Eccl 11:3 (compare מְקוֺם אֲשֶׁר Gen 39:20 +: Ges«GKC:130c»§ 130c), whither Ps 122:4 (שֶׁשָּׁם ֗֗֗ ), when Song 8:8; Eccl 12:3 בַּיּוֺם שֶּׁ  (compare ib. 4 b a).
3.as a conjunction (compare אֲשֶׁר 8); —
  a. that, after רָאָה Eccl 2:13; Eccl 3:18, יָרַע Eccl 1:17; Eccl 2:14; Eccl 9:5; Job 19:19 (?), דִּבֶּר Eccl 2:15, אָמַר Eccl 8:14, עָשָׂה אוֺת Judg 6:17 as subject of sentence, Eccl 3:13; Eccl 5:15 also in the phrases, (a) what is ... that ? Song 5:9 (usually כִּי; see מָךְ 1 d b), מֶה הָיָה שֶּׁ  how comes it that ... ? Eccl 7:10
   (b) Song 3:4 כִּמְעַט שֶׁעָבַרְתּת מֵהֶם hardly (was it) that (German kaum dass) I had passed, etc., Eccl 7:14 עַל דִּדבְרַת שֶׁלּאֹ יִמְצָא to the intent that ..., Eccl 5:15 כָּלעֻֿמַּת שֶׁבֶּא exactly as ..., Eccl 12:9 תֵר שֶׁ besides that, עַד שֶּׁ  (עַד ּ Judg 5:7) until that Ps 123:2; Song 2:7; Song 2:17 + (see III. עַד II 1 a a and b; compare Late Hebrew Yoma Song 5:1), while Song 1:12 (ib. 2 d); עָשָׂהשֶּׁ  to make or cause that ..., Eccl 3:14 (compare Ezek 36:27).
  b. involving a reason (compare אֲשֶׁר 8 c), because, since, Song 1:6 (twice in verse); Song 5:2; Eccl 2:18 b. Hence שֵׁלָּמָה Song 1:7 since why ? = lest (see מָה 4 d b).
4. compounds:
  a. בְּשֶּׁ , i. q. בַּאֲשֶׁר c (p. 84a) in that, seeing that, Eccl 2:16 also (according to ᵑ0 ᵐ5 ᵑ6 Hu De) Gen 6:3 בְּשַׁגַּם הוּא בָשָׂר because that he also is flesh; but see שָׁגַג.
  b. ˜כּשֶּׁ , i. q. כַּאֲשֶׁר p. 455: — (a) according as Eccl 5:14; Eccl 12:7 (b) when (so often in Late Hebrew, as Ab Eccl 1:8 (3 t. in verse); Eccl 1:14) Eccl 9:12; Eccl 10:3.
  c. מִשֶּּׁ , i. q. מֵאֲשֶׁר a (p. 84:a), 2Kgs 6:12 מִי מִשֶּׁלָּנוּ who of those that are ours ? (but Klo KmpKau Benz מְגַלֵּנוּ who betrays us ? compare ᵐ5); Eccl 5:4 than that (compare מֵאֲשֶׁר Eccl 3:22), + Eccl 2:24 (read מִשֶּׁיּאֹכַל with Ew De, etc.; compare Eccl 3:22).
  d. שֶׁל, like אֲשֶׁרלְ (אֲשֶׁר 7 b), a mark of the genitive: thrice, adding slight emphasis to the suffix, Song 1:6 = Song 8:12 כַּרְמִי שֶׁלִּי my vineyard (literally my vineyard, which is mine), Song 3:7 מִטָּתוֺ שֶׁלִּשְׁלֹמֹה (so often in Late Hebrew, but without any special emphasis, as Aboth Song 1:12 הֲוֵי מתלמידיווּ שׁלאֿהרן be of Aaron's disciples, Song 2:1 שְׂכָרָן שֶׁלמִֿצְוֺת, vSong 2:2; Song 3:2 הֲוֵי מתפלל בשׁלומהּ שׁלמֿלכות; compare in Syriac, as Luke 6:42 my words, Nö§ 225). And with בְּ, בְּשֶׁל literally through that which belongs to or concerns, pleonastic for on account of (a late, unidiomatic translation of Aramaic בְּרִיל, from בְּ, דִּי, and לְ, as in Onk Gen 12:13 בדילי on my account, Gen 30:27; Gen 39:5 בְּדִיל יוֺסֵף, בְּדִיל מָא on account of what ? Judg 8:1; 2Sam 9:1; 1Kgs 11:12; 1Kgs 11:39, etc.), Jonah 1:7 בְּשֶׁלְּמִי on account of whom ? (|| vJonah 1:8 בַּאֲשֶׁר לְמִי; probably a gloss), vJonah 1:12 בְּשֶׁלִּי an account of me (ᵑ7 בְּדִיל מַן, בְּדִילִי); Eccl 8:17 בְּשֶׁל אֲשֶׁר יַעֲמֹל הָאָדָם לְבַקֵּשׁ on account of (the fact) that (= seeing that) man labours, etc. (unidiomatic translation of Aramaic בְּדִיל דְּ because that, as Gen 6:3 בְּדִיל דְּאִינוּן בִּסְרָא, Gen 39:9 בְּרִיל דְּאַתְּ אִיתְּתֵיהּ [for Hebrew בַּאֲשֶׁר אַתְּ אִשְׁתּוֺ]; Palmyrene בדיל די Ldzb233, — in Tariff Gen 1:4 (CookeN. Semitic Inscr. 320) = ἐπειδή).

[שֹׁא] see [ שׁוֺא].

BDB9652 H3964 H4101 H4100

BDB9651 | BIBLICAL ARAMAIC | BDB9653

מָה (מָא Ezra 6:8) pronoun interrogative and indefinite what? (Biblical Hebrew מָה; Nabataean מה; Zinjirli מ; ᵑ7 מא; Syriac ; Arabic : compare WCG 124 f.); —

1. what ? Dan 4:32 מה עבדת.
2. whatever, what (compare Biblical Hebrew 1 b end) Dan 2:22 ידע מח בחשׁוכא knoweth what is in darkness, Ezra 6:9: so מָה דִּי (compare דִּי 1 b: so Nabataean; Palmyrene מא די, מדי, Lzb306 Cooke320, 332) Dan 2:28; Dan 2:29 (twice in verse); Dan 2:45; Ezra 6:8 למא די תעבדון with regard to what ye shall do, Ezra 7:18 (= whatsoever).
3. with prefixes:
  a. כְּמָה how! Dan 3:33 (twice in verse).
  b. לְמָה why? (compare Biblical Hebrew לָמָּה) Ezra 4:22 be not slack herein: why should damage grow, etc., virtually = lest damage grow (ᵐ5 μή ποτε), Ezra 7:23 די למה להוא קצף for why should there be wrath ? = lest [ᵐ5 μή ποτε] there be wrath (compare ᵑ7 דִּילְמָא, Syriac lest: and see מָה 4 d b, p. 554:a).
  c. עלמֿה wherefore? Dan 2:15.

Strong's Definition H4100
what, why, wherefore, how, wherein, …
mâ
properly, interrogative what? (including how? why? when?); but also exclamation, what! (including how!), or indefinitely what (including whatever, and even relatively, that which); often used with prefixes in various adverbial or conjunctive senses
  • (interr pron) what, how, of what kind
    • (interrogative)
      • what?
        • "of what kind"what? (rhetorical)"whatsoever, whatever, what
      (adverb)
      • how, how now
        • "why"how! (exclamation)
      (with prep)
      • wherein?, whereby?, wherewith?, by what means?
        • "because of what?"the like of what?
        • how much?, how many?, how often?
          • "for how long?
        for what reason?, why?, to what purpose?"until when?, how long?, upon what?, wherefore? indef pron
    anything, aught, what may
Variations 40 forms of this word
Translations 137 English renderings
Search every verse
Word Parts
תֵּֽאָסֵ֑ר
תֵּֽאָסֵ֑ר
Root word bound, bind, ready, tied, prison, …
Dictionary form: אָסַר · aw-SAHR
Vowels & Accents
Hebrew Alephbet
Grammar VNi2ms
Verb — Niphal, Imperfect (Yiqtol), second person masculine singular passive or reflexive — "it was done" / "he did it to himself" not-yet-complete action — try "he will ___" or "he ___s" the built-in subject is "you"
תֵּאָסֵר Speech Verb Stem Niphal Type Imperfect (Yiqtol) Person Second Person Gender Masculine Number Singular
In English
In the KJV here: thou mightest be bound
and bound ×7 to bind ×5 bound ×4 she bound ×4 she hath bound ×3 thou mightest be bound ×3 they bind ×2 tied ×2
More options
bind — Most versatile; covers physical and metaphorical tying.
tie — Concrete, everyday register; good for literal restraint.
fasten — Emphasizes securing firmly in place.
shackle — Strong connotation of imprisonment or captivity.
harness — Best when yoking animals or harnessing power.
imprison — Prefer when context is custody or captivity of persons.
Brown-Driver-Briggs (BDB)

BDB636 H631 H612

BDB635 | BIBLICAL HEBREW | BDB637

[אָסַר] verb tie, bind, imprison (Arabic , Assyrian asâru, compare COTGloss, Aramaic אֲסַר, , Ethiopic ) —

Qal Perfect suffix אֲסָרָם Job 36:13 3 feminine singular אָֽסְרָה Num 30:5 +, etc.; Imperfect יֶאְסֹר 1Kgs 20:14 וַיֶּאֱסֹר Gen 42:24 וַיֶּאְסֹר Gen 46:29 +; plural suffix יַאַסְרֻנִי Judg 16:7 etc.; Imperative אֱסֹר 1Kgs 18:44; 2Kgs 9:21 אִסְרוּ Jer 46:4; Ps 118:27 Infinitive absolute אָסֹר Judg 15:13 אָסוֺר Judg 16:11 construct לָאְסֹר Num 30:3 +; לָאֱסוֺר Judg 15:10 לֶאֱסָרְךָ Judg 15:12 אָסְרָם Hos 10:10 Participle active construct אֹסְרִי Gen 49:11 passive אָסור Gen 40:3 +; plural אֲסוּרִים Gen 39:20 +; also Judg 16:21; Judg 16:25 Qr (Kt אסירים); הָסוּרִים Eccl 4:14 (compare Now); אֲסֻרוֺת 2Sam 3:34 construct אסורי Gen 39:20 Kt (Qr אֲסִירֵי); —
1. tie, bind, for security, foal to vine (followed by ל) Gen 49:11 (blessing of Jacob); horses and asses 2Kgs 7:10 (twice in verse); Ps 118:27 is dubious De bind the festal victim with cords; Che bind the procession with branches, etc.
2. tie, harness, kine to (ב) cart 1Sam 6:7; 1Sam 6:10 so (metaphor) Hos 10:10 harness them to (ל) their two iniquities (but Jerome Ew Now make ׳א here = יסר chastise, compare אֶסֳּרֵם va); also followed by accusative chariot Gen 46:29 (J) Exod 14:6 (E) 2Kgs 9:21 absolute 1Kgs 18:44; 2Kgs 9:21 even of making ready chargers הַסּוּסִים ׳א Jer 46:4 (|| עֲלוּ הַפָּרָשִׁים).
3. bind, with cords, fetters, etc., as prisoner, Simeon Gen 42:24 (E), Samson Judg 15:10; Judg 15:12; Judg 15:13 (3 t. in verse); Judg 16:5; Judg 16:7; Judg 16:8; Judg 16:11 (twice in verse); Judg 16:12 בַּנְחֻשְׁתַּיִם ׳א 2Kgs 25:7 = 2Chr 36:6 = Jer 39:7; Jer 52:11 also 2Chr 33:11 compare (without ׳בַּנ) 2Kgs 17:4 (בֵּית בֶּלָא ׳א || עָצַת), 2Kgs 23:33 compare of divine chastisement Job 36:13 & see also Ezek 3:25; Ps 149:8 figurative of absolute authority Ps 105:22 especially Passive participle 2Sam 3:34 thy hands were not bound (|| and thy feet not put in fetters); בָּאֿזִקִּים ׳א Jer 40:1 compare בַּזִּקִּים ׳א Job 36:8 (probably figurative || חַבְלֵיעֹֿ֑נִי); metaphor of king held captive by a woman's tresses Song 7:6 perhaps = imprisoned (whether bound or not) Gen 39:20; Gen 40:3; Gen 40:5 (all J E); as substantive plural prisoners Gen 39:20 (Kt, see above); so (late) as distressed, & object of divine compassion Isa 49:9; Isa 61:1; Ps 146:7 בֵּית האסי֯רים prison Judg 16:21; Judg 16:25 compare Eccl 4:14.
4. gird (rare & late) אֵזוֺר בְּמָתְנֵיהֶם ׳א Job 12:18 (אֵזוֺר = slaves' waistcloth, RS p. 25 above; Hoffm reads וַיָּסַר for וַיֶּאְסֹר); חַרְבּוֺ אֲסוּרִים עַלמָֿתְנָיו Neh 4:12.
5. followed by מִלְחָמָה begin the battle, make the attack (compare German mit jemandem anbinden) 1Kgs 20:14; 2Chr 13:3.
6. figurative of obligation of oath or vow (only Num 30, P) עַלנֶֿפֶשׁ ׳א, usually followed by accusative of congnate meaning with verb אֱסָר, אִסָּר Num 30:3; Num 30:5 (twice in verse); Num 30:6; Num 30:8; Num 30:9; Num 30:11; Num 30:12 without אֱסָר etc., v.Num 30:7 v.Num 30:10 compare v.Num 30:4 אִסָּר ׳א (עַלנֶֿפֶשׁ omitted) Niph`al passive of Qal 3, be, bound, imprisoned, Imperfect (jussive) יֵאָסֵר Gen 42:19 (E); 2 masculine singular תֵּאָסֵר Judg 16:6; Judg 16:10; Judg 16:13 (of Samson); Imperative הֵאָֽסְרוּ Gen 42:16 (E). Pu`al Perfect be taken prisoner אֻסְּרוּ Isa 22:3 אֻסָּ֑רוּ ib.

BDB9327 H612 H631 H632

BDB9326 | BIBLICAL ARAMAIC | BDB9328

אסר (√ of following; Biblical Hebrew [ אָסַר] bind, אֵסוּר bond, אִסָּר binding obligation).

Strong's Definition H631
bound, bind, ready, tied, prison, …
ʾāsar
to yoke or hitch; by analogy, to fasten in any sense, to join battle
  • to tie, bind, imprison
    • (Qal)
      • to tie, bind
        • "to tie, harness"to bind (with cords)"to gird (rare and late)"to begin the battle, make the attack"of obligation of oath (figurative)
      (Niphal) to be imprisoned, bound"(Pual) to be taken prisoner
Variations 42 forms of this word
Translations 48 English renderings
Search every verse
Word Parts
וַ יֹּ֣אמֶר
וַ
Prefix — connector and (sometimes: but, so, then)
יֹּ֣אמֶר
Root word said, saying, saith, say, spake, …
Dictionary form: אָמַר · aw-MAHR
Vowels & Accents
וַ
Vav-consecutive (wayyiqtol) The וַ prefix — vav with patach plus a doubling dagesh in the next letter — flips this verb into story-telling past: translate "and (he) ___ed", not "will ___".
Hebrew Alephbet
Grammar C/Vqw3ms
Verb — Qal, Sequential Imperfect (Wayyiqtol), third person masculine singular simple action — "he did" story-telling past — try "and he ___ed" the built-in subject is "he (or it)"
וַ Speech Conjunction
יֹּאמֶר Speech Verb Stem Qal Type Sequential Imperfect (Wayyiqtol) Person Third Person Gender Masculine Number Singular
In English
In the KJV here: and he said
said ×947 saying ×718 and said ×688 saith ×527 and he said ×343 then said ×139 say ×122 and say ×119
More options
say — Most versatile; fits nearly any context or register.
declare — Emphasizes formal or authoritative pronouncement.
tell — Prefer when communication to an audience is stressed.
speak — Highlights the act of oral expression itself.
command — Use when the utterance carries directive force.
think — Fits internal or reflective speech contexts.
Brown-Driver-Briggs (BDB)

BDB557 H559

BDB556 | BIBLICAL HEBREW | BDB558

אָמַר5287 verb utter, say (MI, Phoenician אמר, Aramaic אֲמַר, Ethiopic I. 2 shew, declare, Arabic command; perhaps √ אמר originally = be or make prominent, hence Hithpa`el below, אָמִיר; Sabean אמר lofty, epithet of king JHMordtmZMG 1876, 37; compare DlPr 28 who thinks original meaning hell, sichtbar sein, whence Assyrian amâru, see, & shew, declare, say) — Qal Perfect ׳א Gen 3:1 +, etc.; Imperfect יאֹמַר Gen 31:8 +; וַיּאֹ֫מֶר Gen 1:3 +; וַיּאֹמַ֑ר Gen 14:19 +; in Job always וַיּאֹ֑מַר Job 3:2 +; 3 feminine singular תּאֹמַר Gen 21:12 +; תּאֹמֵר֑ Prov 1:21 1 singular אֹמַר Gen 22:2 +; אוֺמְרָה Ps 42:10 וָאֹמַר Gen 20:13 +; וָאוֺמַר Neh 2:7; Neh 2:17; Neh 2:20 3 masculine plural יאֹמְדוּ Exod 4:1 + etc.; suffix יֹמְרוּךָ Ps 139:20 2 masculine plural תֹּמְדוּ 2Sam 19:14 ( compare Köi. p. 385); Imperative (אֱמָרֿ) אֱמֹר Gen 45:17 +, etc.; Infinitive absolute אָמוֺר Exod 21:5 +; construct אֱמֹר Ezek 25:8 +; (הַ)אֲמֹר Job 34:18 but read הָאֹמֵר ᵐ5 ᵑ9 Di, or better הֶאָמֹר Infinitive absolute with ה interrogative compare Ew :§ 328 d; suffix אָמְרִי Josh 6:10 +; אֲמָרְכֶם Jer 23:38 אֱמָרְכֶם Mal 1:7 +; לֵאמֹר Gen 1:22 +, etc.; Participle active אֹמֵר Gen 32:10 +, etc.; passive הֶאָמוּר Mic 2:7, but this grammatically indefensible, read הֶאָמוֺר, Infinitive absolute with ה interrogative, see DrExpositor, April, 1887, 263.

1. Say (subject God Gen 3:1 + or man Gen 32:5, serpent Gen 3:1, ass Num 22:28, horse יאֹמַר הֶאָח Job 39:25 etc.; inanimate things, personified Job 28:14 compare vJob 28:22 etc.; so in allegory or fable Judg 9:8; 2Kgs 14:9 etc.; especially in narration, וַיּאֹמֶר etc., Gen 4:6 + very often): mostly followed by thing said, either substantive Jer 14:17 (c. clause app.) Deut 27:16f.; Judg 12:6 pronoun Gen 44:16; 2Kgs 20:14 +; or (usually) clause Gen 1:3; Gen 3:1; Gen 37:20 + often (oratio recta [direct speech]); with adverb thus, so Gen 32:5; Num 20:14; 1Kgs 20:3; 1Kgs 20:5 + often; especially ׳כֹּה אָמַר י Exod 5:1; Exod 7:17; Exod 8:1; Exod 8:20; 1Chr 17:4 + often; the person addressed usually introduced by אֶל Gen 3:1; Gen 15:7; Gen 22:7; Lev 21:1; 2Sam 3:7; 1Kgs 12:5; 1Kgs 12:23, or לְ Gen 3:13; Gen 4:15; 1Sam 20:2; 2Sam 2:21; 1Kgs 14:2 + often; rarer combinations are, בְּאָזְנֵי ׳א Isa 49:20 (compare Isa 5:9 & see דבר); לִפְנֵי ׳א Ezek 28:9 לְעֵינֵי ׳א Deut 31:7; Josh 10:12; Jer 28:11 בְּ ׳א Joel 2:17; Ps 126:2, where בְּ local; in all cases usually followed by direct object of words said, Exod 19:25 being very singular; Gen 4:8 the object-clause has probably fallen out, compare Vrss Di; = mention, name, designate Gen 22:2; Gen 22:3; Gen 43:27; Gen 43:29; Exod 32:13; Num 14:40; 1Sam 10:16; 1Sam 16:3; 2Sam 6:22; Neh 6:19 compare Ps 139:20 יֹמְרוּךָ לִמְזִמָּה speak of thee for falsehood (but many, as Hup Pe Dy Che, read יַמְרוּךָ); = tell, declare, proclaim, (followed by direct object only) Ps 40:11; Ezek 13:7 in reply to question = answer Exod 12:27; Josh 4:7; 1Kgs 9:9; Jer 5:19; Jer 22:9. The object spoken of may be referred to by אֶל 2Kgs 19:32; Jer 22:18; Jer 27:19, or לְ Gen 20:13 אִמְרִי לִֹי say of me, etc. Deut 33:9; Judg 9:54; Isa 5:20; Ps 3:3; Ps 71:10, very rarely by a simple accusative Isa 3:10 (where read probably for אִמְרוּ, אַשְׁרֵי), except after אֲשֶׁר where the words used follow (compare אֲשֶׁר 4 d) Gen 3:17; Num 10:29; Num 14:31; Deut 28:68; Judg 7:4; 1Sam 9:17; 1Sam 9:23b 1Kgs 8:29; Lam 4:20 compare Num 21:16; 2Kgs 17:12; 2Kgs 21:4, & (two extreme cases) Isa 8:12; Lam 2:15 (see DrSm i. 24, 5); ֶ˜האָמוּר Mic 2:7 read infinitive absolute with ה interrogative הֶאָמוֺר (see above) shall one say ? shall it be said ? After another verb of saying, introducing thing said: Deut 21:7; Deut 25:9; Deut 27:15; Song 2:10 +, even after אמר Gen 22:7; Lev 21:1; Jer 34:2; Esth 7:5 +; especially infinitive לֵאמֹר, after דבר Gen 8:15, צוה Gen 2:16, ענה Gen 44:16, ברך Gen 1:22, נשׁבע Gen 24:7, נדר Gen 28:20, etc.; after אמר 2Sam 3:18; 1Kgs 12:23; Ruth 4:4; 1Chr 21:18 +; after שׁלח 2Chr 35:21, שׁוּב Gen 32:7 compare also Gen 28:6; Gen 9:5; Gen 13:8; Gen 17:4; Deut 13:7; Judg 8:15; 1Sam 23:2; 1Kgs 13:3; Jer 32:3; Jer 37:9 +; also when subject of לֵאמֹר differs from that of pre-ceding clause Gen 31:1; Gen 38:13; Gen 38:24 etc.; after שׁמע Isa 37:9 = 2Kgs 19:9.

2. Say in the heart (= think) בלבב ׳א Deut 8:17 compare 1Kgs 12:26; Ps 10:6; Ps 10:11; Ps 10:13; Ps 14:1; Ps 35:25; Isa 14:13; Isa 47:8; Isa 47:10; Isa 49:21; Eccl 2:1; Eccl 2:15; Eccl 3:17; Eccl 3:18 לִלְבָבָם ׳א Hos 7:2 אֶללִֿבּוֺ ׳א Gen 8:21 said unto his heart (to himself), subject ׳י, compare 1Sam 27:1 אָֽמְרָה נַפֲשִׁי Lam 3:24 thence ׳א alone Gen 20:11; Gen 26:9; Num 24:11; Ruth 4:4; 1Sam 20:26; 2Sam 5:6; 2Sam 12:22; 2Kgs 5:11 followed by clause with כִּי Judg 15:2 in particular = desire מַהתּֿאֹמַר נַפְשְׁךָ 1Sam 20:4 compare Esth 2:13 followed by infinitive = purpose, Exod 2:14 thinkest thou to kill me, as thou killedst the Egyptian ? Josh 22:33; 1Sam 30:6; 1Kgs 5:19; 2Chr 28:10; 2Chr 28:13 expect 2Sam 21:16 he expected to slay David 2Chr 13:8; 2Chr 32:1.

3. Promise (followed by infinitive) 1Chr 27:23; 2Chr 21:7; Esth 4:7 (id. + ל of person) 2Kgs 8:19; Neh 9:15 (followed by accusative of direct object + ל of person + infinitive of purpose) Neh 9:23.

4. Command (especially late) followed by אֶלֿ of per-son addressed, Num 15:38; 1Chr 21:18 followed by ל Josh 11:9; 2Sam 16:11; 2Kgs 4:24; Job 9:7; Ps 106:34 (see below אֲשֶׁר 8 e); followed by infinitive 1Sam 24:11; 1Chr 21:17; 2Chr 1:18; 2Chr 29:27; 2Chr 29:30; 2Chr 31:11; 2Chr 35:21; Esth 1:17; Esth 4:13; Esth 4:15; Esth 6:1; Esth 9:14 followed by infinitive + ל of pers, 2Chr 14:3; 2Chr 29:21; 2Chr 31:4; followed by accusative direct object 2Chr 29:24 the king commanded the burnt-offering and the sin-offering, compare 1Kgs 5:20; Esth 2:15 followed by clause with אשׁר = that Neh 13:19 id. + ל of person vNeh 13:22 followed by clause with כִּי Job 36:10 absolute 1Sam 16:16 (read however probably יאמרו for יאמר, compare Dr); also Ps 105:31; Ps 105:34; Ps 107:25; 1Chr 14:12; 2Chr 24:8; Neh 13:9; Neh 13:19 (all followed by verb consecutive); command by letter עִםהַֿסֵּפֶר ׳א Esth 9:25 (followed by imperfect); appoint, assign לוֺ ׳לֶחֶם א 1Kgs 11:18 = threaten followed by infinitive Deut 9:25; Ps 106:23. Niph`al Perfect נֶאֱמַר Dan 8:26 Imperfect יֵאָמֵר Gen 22:14 +; יֵאָ֫מֶר לוֺ Isa 4:3 יֵאָמַ֑ר Gen 10:9 +; וַיֵּאָמַ֑ר Josh 2:2 be said, told Gen 10:9; Gen 22:14; Ps 87:5; Jer 4:11; Jer 16:14 (all absolute, indefinite subject, of current saying); so said in a book Num 21:14 be related, told, of vision Dan 8:26 said, told to (followed by ל indirect object) Josh 2:2; Hos 2:1 (twice in verse); Zeph 3:16 either so, or told concerning Num 23:23; Ezek 13:12 (אֶלֿ); יֵאָמֵר לָכֶם = ye shall be called (it shall be said to you) Isa 61:6 (|| תִּקָּרְאוּ), compare Isa 4:3; Isa 19:18; Isa 32:5 (|| יִקָּרֵא ל) Isa 62:4 (twice in verse); hence be called, of Tophet לֹאיֵֿאָמֵר עוֺד הַתֹּפֶת Jer 7:32 subject שֵׁם Gen 32:29; Job 34:31 כִּי אֶלאֵֿל הֶאָמַר, Rabb (compare AV) treat הֵאָמַר as Niph`al Infinitive for לְהֵאָמֵר, but against grammar; the form as it stands is Qal Perfect, אֶלאֵֿל being prefixed to the interrogative for emphasis (compare Jer 22:15; Jer 23:26; Neh 13:27), see Dr§ 9 Di and others; Hoffm., however, reads הֵאָמֵר infinitive absolute = imperative 'so must one speak (it be spoken) to God.' Hiph`il Perfect avow, avouch Deut 26:17 הֶאֱמַרְתָּ הַיּוֺם לִהְיוֺת לְךָ לֵאלֹהִים ׳אֶתיֿ; vDeut 26:18 ׳וי הֶאֱמִירְךָ היום להיות לוֺ לְעַם (literally cause to declare, i.e. through agency of Moses; on this & other interpretations see Di). Hithpa`el Imperfect יִתְאַמְּרוּ Ps 94:4 subject כָּלפֹּֿעֲלֵי אָ֑וֶן act proudly, boast (|| יַבִּיעוּ יְדַבְּרוּ עָתָק probably also 2 masculine plural תִּתְיַמָּ֑רוּ Isa 61:6 (in good sense, followed by בְּ of thing gloried in) ᵑ6 ᵑ9 ᵑ7 & compare ᵐ5; GesComm. so De Che Köi. 457 f. (from [ימר] exchange Thes Hi Kn Ew Di; but see ימר, מור).

BDB9309 H560 H559

BDB9308 | BIBLICAL ARAMAIC | BDB9310

אֲמַר71 verb say, tell, command (Biblical Hebrew אָמַר); —

Pe Perfect 3 masculine singular ׳א Dan 2:12 +, אֲמַ֑ר Dan 7:1 3 feminine singular אֲמֶ֫רֶר Dan 5:10 (K§ 38, 1 a); 1 singular אַמְרֵת Dan 4:5 1 plural אֲאַ֫רְנָא Dan 5:4; Dan 5:9, etc.; Imperfect 3 masculine singular יֵאמַר (K§ 41) Dan 2:7 +; 2 masculine plural תֵּאמְרוּן Jer 10:11, etc.; Imperative masculine singular אֱמַר Jer 2:4 +; masculine plural אֱמַרוּ Jer 2:9 Infinitive לְמֵאמַר vJer 2:9, לְמֵמַ֑ר Ezra 5:11 (K§ 41 a); Participle אְמַר Dan 2:5 + often, plural אָֽמְרִין Dan 3:4; Ezra 5:3 +; —
1. say (often in phrase answer and say): followed by oratio recta [direct speech] (only), Dan 2:7; Dan 2:10 + 13 t. Daniel; Ezra 5:11 + ל person Dan 2:5; Dan 3:14 + 14 t. Daniel [plural with indefinite subject for passive Dan 4:28], Ezra 5:15 + קְָדָס person Dan 2:9; Dan 5:17; Dan 6:13; Dan 6:14 + כֵּן Dan 4:11; Dan 7:23, כֵּן with ל person Ezra 5:8; Dan 2:24; Dan 2:25; Dan 6:7, compare Dan 7:5 + כְּנֵמָא with ל person Ezra 5:4; Ezra 5:9 + כִּדְנָךְ with ל person Jer 10:11 followed by accusative of thing + עַל person against whom Dan 3:29.
2. relate, tell: followed by accusative of thing Dan 4:6; Dan 4:15; Dan 7:1, + ל person Dan 2:4; Dan 2:9; Dan 2:7; Dan 7:16 (accusative of thing omitted), + קְָדָם person Dan 2:36; Dan 4:4; Dan 4:5.
3. command: followed by infinitive Dan 2:12; Dan 2:46 + 6 t. Daniel; followed by finite verb Dan 5:29; Dan 6:17; Dan 6:23 followed by ל person + or. rect. Dan 3:4 [pl. with indefinite subject, for passive, K§ 76 e, so Dan 4:23].

Strong's Definition H559
said, saying, saith, say, spake, …
ʾāmar
to say (used with great latitude)
  • to say, speak, utter
    • (Qal) to say, to answer, to say in one's heart, to think, to command, to promise, to intend
      • "(Niphal) to be told, to be said, to be called"(Hithpael) to boast, to act proudly"(Hiphil) to avow, to avouch
Variations 175 forms of this word
Translations 575 English renderings
Search every verse
Word Parts
אֵלֶ֔י הָ
אֵלֶ֔י
Preposition unto, to, into, upon, against, …
הָ
Suffix — pronoun her / it
Dictionary form: אֵל · ale
Vowels & Accents
Hebrew Alephbet
Grammar R/Sp3fs
Preposition
אֵלֶי Speech Preposition
הָ Speech Suffix Type Pronominal Person Third Person Gender Feminine Number Singular
In English
In the KJV here: unto
unto ×2370 to ×907 into ×230 upon ×112 against ×104 and to ×103 in ×63 unto him ×58
More options
to — Default directional/dative preposition; broadest everyday use.
toward — Emphasizes movement or orientation in a direction.
into — Stress entry or transition; spatial or metaphorical penetration.
against — Adversarial or oppositional context; hostility or pressure.
upon — Contact or imposition on a surface or person.
concerning — Topical/referential; use when the sense is 'about' or 'regarding'.
Brown-Driver-Briggs (BDB)

BDB420 H413

BDB419 | BIBLICAL HEBREW | BDB421

אֶל (nearly always followed by Makkeph), in poetry אֱלֵי (compare עֲלֵי, עֲדֵי), but only in Job ( 1Sam 3:22; 1Sam 5:26; 1Sam 15:22; 1Sam 29:19), with suffix אֵלַי, אֵלֶיךָ, אֵלַיִךְ, etc. אֵלֵינוּ, אֲלֵיכֶם & (5 t.) אֲלֵכֶם, אֲלֵיהֶם & אֲלֵהֶם (both very often); once אֵלֵימוֺ Ps 2:5, אֲלֵיהֶן, once אֲלֵהֶן Exod 1:19 (Assyrian ilî, Arabic ), preposition denoting motion to or direction towards (whether physical or mental).

1. of motion to or unto a person or place Gen 2:19; Gen 2:22; Gen 3:19; Gen 8:9; Gen 14:22; Gen 16:9 etc., after every kind of verb expressing motion (בּוֺא, הָלַךְ, יָצָא etc.) So with נָתַן to give (though ל is here more common) Gen 21:14; Gen 35:4; Deut 13:2 +; מָכַר to sell Deut 37:36, etc. Metaph. Jer 2:19 וְלֹא פַחְדָּתִי אֵלַיִךְ and that my fear (cometh) not unto thee (compare Job 31:23). — Peculiarly Gen 6:16 אֶל אַמָּה unto the length of a cubit, etc. And metaphor in the phrase אֶלֿ(אֱלֵיֿ)גִּיל unto exultation Hos 9:11; Job 3:22. Once, exceptionally (si vera 1.) = even: Job 5:5 וְאֶלמִֿצִּגִּים יִקָּחֵהוּ and even out of thorns he taketh it. Sometimes pregnant, as Isa 66:17; Jer 41:7 זָנָה אֶל commit whoredom (by going) to Num 25:1; Ezek 16:26; Ezek 16:28; Ezek 16:29 דָּרֵשׁ אֶל seek (by resorting) to one (that is, for oracles) Deut 18:11; Isa 8:19; Isa 11:10 +; חָבַר אֶל join together (& come) unto Gen 14:3 הִשְׁכִּים אֶל rise early (and go) to Gen 19:27; Gen 24:11 הִבְרִיח אֶל made to kneel down at; Gen 47:18 תַּם אֶל i.e. has been made over to; פָּחַד אֶל to come in fear to Hos 3:5; Mic 7:17. Opposite is מִן, as מִןהַֿקָּצֶה אֶלהַֿקָּצֶה from end to end Exod 26:28 מִפֶּה אֶלפֶּֿה Ezra 9:11 (synonym 2Kgs 21:16 פֶּה לָפֶה). And of time (rare) מֵעֵת אֶלעֵֿת 1Chr 9:25 מִיּוֺם אֶליֿוֺם Num 30:15 (P) 1Chr 16:23 (in the || Ps 96:2 מִיּוֺם לְיוֺם).

2. Where the limit is actually entered, into, Gen 6:18 and thou shalt enter into the ark Gen 7:1; Gen 19:3; Gen 41:21; Gen 42:17 & so after verbs of throwing, casting, putting Gen 37:22 (הִשְׁלִיךְ) Gen 39:20 וַיִּתְּנֵהוּ אֶלבֵּֿית הַסֹּהַר put him into the prison house, Exod 28:30 (Lev 8:8) Deut 23:25 so after קָבַר to bury Gen 23:19; Gen 25:9; Gen 49:29 שָׂחַט to squeeze Gen 40:11 מָחָה to blot out Num 5:23, etc.; metaphor Gen 6:6 was pained into or unto his heart, שָׂם אֶללֵֿב, הֵשִׁיב to place, bring. into ( = lay to) heart Deut 4:39; 2Sam 19:20 and elsewhere In connection with a number or multitude into which something enters, in among: 1Sam 10:22 behold he had hid himself אֶלהַֿכֵּלִים in among the baggage, Jer 4:3 sow not אֶלקֹֿצִים in among thorns.

3. Of direction towards anything:
   (a) of physical acts or states, as Gen 30:40 נָתַן פְּנֵי הַצּאֹן אֶל, Gen 39:7 נָשָׂא עֵינָיו אֶל, Exod 25:20; Num 6:26, נָשָׂא פָנָיו אֶל (2Kgs 9:32 differently), 2Kgs 24:1 שָׁת פָּנָיו אֶל, Josh 8:18; Ps 28:2; 1Kgs 8:29; 1Kgs 8:30 (to pray towards) v1Kgs 8:38 pregnantly חָרֵד אֶל to tremble (turning) to Gen 42:28, תָּמַהּ אֶל to, wonder (turning) towards Gen 43:33; Isa 13:8, פָּחַד אֶל Jer 36:16: without a verb פָּנִים אֶלפָּֿנִים face to face Gen 32:31 +; פֶּה אֶלפֶּֿה Num 12:8 כִּיאֵֿינֶנּוּ אֵלַי Gen 31:5 the face of Laban, that he is not toward me; ׳אֶלפֿ ׳עֵינֵי י the eyes of ׳י are towards . . . Ps 34:16 (compare Ps 33:18).
   (b) with words such as אָמַרto say to Gen 3:1 + often, דִּבֶּר Gen 8:15 + often, קָרָא Gen 19:5, הִחְפַּלֵּל Gen 20:17 etc., שָׁמַע to hearken to Gen 16:11, הִלֵּל to praise to Gen 12:15 (compare Ezek 13:19 חִלֵּל אֶל to profane to), הִזְכִּיר Ezek 40:14.
   (c) with words expressing the direction of the mind, as קִוָּה to wait Ps 27:14 +; יִחַל to hope Isa 51:5 נָשָׂא נֶפֶשׁ אֶל to lift up the soul (i.e. set the desire) towards Deut 24:15; Ps 25:1 שָׂם לֵב אֶל, שָׁת to set the heart (mind) to Exod 9:21 and elsewhere; לָמַד אֶל to accustom oneself to Jer 10:2 חָרֵד אֶל to shew fear towards 2Kgs 4:13; Gen 43:30; Deut 28:32 and thy eyes כָּלוֺת אֲלֵיהֶם failing (with longing) towards them, Lam 4:17; Isa 63:15; 2Sam 3:8; 1Kgs 14:13; Ps 40:6 alone, as predicate, directed or disposed towards, Gen 3:16; Gen 4:7; 2Kgs 6:11 who of ours is towards (i.e. favours) the king of Syria? Hos 3:3 וְגַםאֲֿנִי אֵלָֽיִח׃ Ezek 36:9; Hag 2:17; Jer 15:1 (אֵין נַפְשִׁי אֶל).

4. Where the motion or direction implied appears from the context to be of a hostile character, אֶל = against: Gen 4:8 אֶלהֶֿבֶל ׳וַיָּקָם קand Cain rose up against Abel (so 1Sam 24:8) 1Sam 22:12; Exod 14:5; Num 32:14 with נִקְבַּץ Josh 10:6, הָלַךְ Judg 1:10; Judg 20:30 with בָּא of calamity, etc., coming to or upon any one Gen 42:21; Judg 9:57; 1Sam 2:34; 1Kgs 14:10 +; Isa 2:4; Isa 3:8 their tongue and doings are ׳אֶליֿ Isa 32:6 (לְדַבֵּר אֶל) Hos 7:15 (compare Nah 1:9) Hos 12:5 וַיָּשַׂר אֶלמַֿלְאָךְ and he strove against the angel. Here also belongs in particular the phrase הִנְנִי אֶל ֗֗֗ Behold I am against (thee, you, etc.) Nah 2:14; Nah 3:5; Jer 21:13 (Jer 23:30-32 על) Jer 50:31; Jer 51:25; Ezek 13:8; Ezek 13:20; Ezek 21:8; Ezek 29:10; Ezek 30:22; Ezek 34:10; Ezek 35:3; Ezek 38:3; Ezek 39:1 (Ezek 5:8; Ezek 26:3; Ezek 28:22; Ezek 29:3 על: on Ezek 36:9 see above)

5. Unto sometimes acquires from the context the sense of in addition to, as Lev 18:18 thou shalt not take אִשָּׁה אֶל אֲחוֺתָהּ a woman to, in addition to, her sister, Josh 13:22 (|| Num 31:8 על); 1Sam 14:34 at eat אֶלהַֿחָם together with the blood (1Sam 14:32 & generally עַל); 1Kgs 10:7 הוֺסִיף אֶל (generally עַל); Jer 25:26; Ezek 7:26 שְׁמוּעָה אֶל שְׁמוּעָה || (עלׅ; Ezek 44:7; Lam 3:41 let us lift up לְבָבֵנוּ אֶלכַּֿפָּ֑יִם our hearts together with the hands (compare , Qor 4:2; WAG ii. § 51 c).

6. Metaphor in regard to, concerning, on account of : thus הִתְאַבֵּל to mourn concerning 1Sam 15:35 הִנָּחֵם to repent as regards 2Sam 24:16 דָּרַשׁ to inquire 1Kgs 14:5 הִתְפַּלֵּל to pray with regard to 1Sam 1:27; 2Kgs 19:20 צָעַק to cry 2Kgs 8:3 (2Kgs 8:5 על); נֶעֳצַב be pained 1Sam 20:34 נִחַם to comfort 2Sam 10:2 more generally 1Kgs 16:13; 1Kgs 21:22 אֶלנֶֿפֶשׁ on account of, for the sake of, one's life 1Kgs 19:3; 2Kgs 7:7 (Gen 19:17 על). (עַל is more common in this sense.) And specially with verbs of saying, narrating, telling, etc. with regard to, as אָמַר Gen 20:2; Isa 29:22; Isa 37:21; Isa 37:33 +; דִּבֶּר 2Sam 7:19; Jer 40:16 b; סִפֵּר Ps 2:7; Ps 69:27 צִוָּה Isa 23:11 שָׁמַע Ezek 19:4 הַשְּׁמוּעָה אֶל the report regarding. . . 1Sam 4:19. (Not frequently, ext. in the case of אָמַר.)

7. Of rule or standard, according to (rare): אֶלפִּֿי ֗֗֗ according to the command of, Josh 15:13; Josh 17:4; Josh 21:3 (generally עַלפִּֿי); אֶלנָֿבוֺן according to what is fixed = of a certainty 1Sam 23:23; 1Sam 26:4 (see Dr): perhaps Ps 5:1; Ps 80:1 (Ps 45:1 עַל).

8. Expressing presence at a spot, against; at, by, not merely after verbs expressing or implying motion (compare 1, Gen 24:11), as Josh 11:5 and they came and encamped together אֶלמֵֿי מֵרוֺם at the waters of Merom, 1Sam 5:4 cut off (and fallen) on to the threshold, 2Sam 2:23 and elsewhere and smote him אֶלהַֿחֹמֶשׁ in or on the belly, Deut 33:28; Exod 29:12; Lev 4:7 but also in other cases, as Josh 5:3 and he circumcised the Israelites אֶל against, at the hill of the foreskins, Josh 22:11 have built an altar אֶל גְּלִילוֺת הַיַּרְדֵּן by the districts of Jordan, Judg 12:6 & 2Sam 18:4 אֶליַֿד at the side of (elsewhere לְיַד, עַל יַד), 1Kgs 13:20 as they were sitting אֶלהַֿשֻּׁלְחָן at the table, 2Kgs 11:14 אֶלהַֿמֶּלֶךְ by the king, Jer 41:12 and found him by the great waters, etc., Jer 46:10 אֶלנְֿהַר פְּרָת by the Euphrates, Ezek 3:15; Ezek 11:11; Ezek 17:8; Ezek 31:7; Ezek 40:18; Ezek 43:3; Ezek 47:7; Ezek 48:12.

9. Prefixed to other preps. it combines with them the idea of motion or direction to: thus אֶלאַֿחֲרֵי 2Sam 5:23; 2Kgs 9:18; 2Kgs 9:19 סֹב אֶלאַֿחֲרַי turn to behind me, Zech 6:5 (where אֶל is pleonastic, probably due to clerical error; note יצא אל before & after); אֶלבֵּֿין in between Ezek 31:10; Ezek 31:14 אֵלבֵּֿינוֺת similarly Ezek 10:2 ׳אֶלמִֿבֵּית לְ to (the part) within (see below בַּיִת), in within Lev 16:15; 2Kgs 11:15 || have her forth in within the ranks; אֶלמֿוּל see מוּל; ׳אֶלמִֿנֶּגֶב לְ unto the south of Josh 15:3 ׳אֶלמִֿחוּץ לְ to the outside of Lev 4:12; Lev 4:21 +; אֶלנֹֿכַח to the front of Num 19:4 אֶלתַּֿחַת Judg 6:19; 1Kgs 8:6 and elsewhere (see below תַּחַת).

Note I. — In Gen 20:13 אֶלכָּֿלהַֿמָּקוֺם אֲשֶׁר נָבוֺא ׳שָׁמָּה אִמְרִילִֿי וג; Num 33:54 ׳אֶלאֲֿשֶׁר וג; Prov 17:8 (compare Deut 16:6); — אֶל appears to be used by a species of attraction; the idea of motion involved in the relative clause influencing illogically the beginning of the sentence and causing אֶל to be used instead of בְּ. In Deut 31:14 אֵלֵיהֶם, as pointed, can only be from אַיִל III or IV (q. v.); if the word be taken as the Pronoun with suffix (Hi Ke), אֲלֵיהֶם must be read.

Note 2. — There is a tendency in Hebrew, especially manifest in Samuel Kings Jeremiah Ezekiel, to use אֶל in the sense of עַל; sometimes אֶל being used exceptionally in a phrase or construction which regularly, and in accusative with analogy, has עַל; sometimes, the two prepositions interchanging, apparently without discrimination, in the same or parallel sentences. Thus
   (a) Josh 5:14 וִיִּפֹּל אֶלפָּֿנָיו; 1Sam 13:13 אֶתמַֿמְלַכְתְּךָ אֶליִֿשְׂרָאֵל ׳הֵקִים י; 1Sam 14:34 (see below 5); 1Sam 17:3 עֹמְדִים אֶלהָֿהָר (contractee עַל Deut 11:29); Deut 19:16; 2Sam 6:3; 2Sam 20:23 (contracted 2Sam 8:16) 1Kgs 13:29; 1Kgs 18:46 (contracted 2Kgs 3:15 על) Jer 35:15; Ezek 7:18.
   (b) Judg 6:37 and upon (עַל) all the earth let there be dryness, vJudg 6:39 let there be dryness on (אֶל) the fleece; 1Sam 14:10 come up עָלֵינוּ, v1Sam 14:12 come up אֵלֵינוּ; 1Sam 16; 1Sam 18:10 צָלַח אֶל, 1Sam 10:6 and elsewhere צָלַח עַל; 1Sam 25:17 evil is determined אֶלאֲֿדֹנֵינוּ וְעַל כָּלבֵּֿיתוֺ; v1Sam 25:25; 1Sam 27:10; 2Sam 2:9 וַיַּמְלִכֵהוּ אֶל וְ֗֗֗אֶל וְ֗֗֗אֶל וְ֗֗֗עַל וְ֗֗֗עַל וְ֗֗֗עַל; 2Sam 3:29 יָחֻלוּ עַל ֗֗֗ וְאֶל ֗֗֗ 2Kgs 8:3 & 5; 2Kgs 3; Jer 19:15; Jer 25:2; Jer 26:15 ye lay innocent blood עֲלֵיכֶם וְאֶלהָֿעִיר הַזּאֹת; Jer 27:19; Jer 28:8; Jer 33:14; Jer 34:7; Jer 36:31; Jer 37:13; Jer 37:14; Ezek 18:6; Ezek 18:11 & 15; Ezek 21:12 etc. Ps 79:6 (Jer 10:25 על twice). It is probably that this interchange, at least in many cases, is not original, but due to transcribers.

[Note]

Conversely, though not with the same frequency, עַל occurs where analogy would lead us to expect אֶל, or even in juxtaposition with אֶל, as 1Sam 1:10 הִתְפַּלֵּל עַל to pray to (1Sam 1:26 אֶל); v1Sam 1:13; 1Sam 25:25 אֶלעַ֗֗֗ל; 1Kgs 20:43 וַיֵּלֶךְ עַלבֵּֿיתוֺ (1Kgs 21:4 אֶל); Isa 22:15; Jer 11:2; Jer 23:35; Jer 31:12. compare DrSm i. 13, 13; ii. 8, 7; 15, 4.

Strong's Definition H413
unto, to, into, upon, against, …
ʾēl
near, with or among; often in general, to
  • to, toward, unto (of motion)
    • "into (limit is actually entered)
    • in among
    toward (of direction, not necessarily physical motion)"against (motion or direction of a hostile character)"in addition to, to"concerning, in regard to, in reference to, on account of"according to (rule or standard)"at, by, against (of one's presence)"in between, in within, to within, unto (idea of motion to)
Variations 46 forms of this word
Translations 329 English renderings
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Word Parts
אִם
אִם
Conjunction if, or, though, surely, not, …
Dictionary form: אִם · im
Vowels & Accents
Hebrew Alephbet
Grammar C
Conjunction
אִם Speech Conjunction
In English
In the KJV here: her if
if ×322 and if ×128 but if ×69 or ×48 surely ×29 though ×25 whether ×19 when ×16
More options
if — Default conditional; most broadly applicable rendering.
whether — Use for indirect questions or double alternatives.
though — Concessive force; signals contrast or surprise.
when — Temporal nuance; condition treated as certain to occur.
unless — Negative conditional; equivalent to 'if not'.
surely — Emphatic/oath context; asserts strong certainty.
Brown-Driver-Briggs (BDB)

BDB2204 H2005 H518 H2006

BDB2203 | BIBLICAL HEBREW | BDB2205

II. הֵן100 (הֶןֿ Num 23:9; Num 23:24; Job 8:19; Job 8:20; Job 13:1; Job 26:14; Job 33:6; Job 33:12; Job 33:29; Job 36:5; Job 36:22; Job 36:26 הֵןֿ Job 13:15; Job 36:30; Job 41:1 +) demonstrative adverb or interjection lo! behold (on etymology see הִנֵּה), less widely used than הִנֵּה, and in prose mostly confined to calling attention to some fact upon which action is to be taken, or a conclusion based;
  a. Gen 3:22 הֵן הָאָדָם הָיָה behold the man is become as one of us, & now lest, etc., Gen 4:14 behold, thou hast driven me forth etc., Gen 11:6; Gen 15:3; Gen 19:34; Gen 27:11; Gen 29:7; Gen 30:34 (nearly = yea), Exod 5:5; Exod 6:12; Exod 6:30; Lev 10:18; Lev 10:19; Num 17:27; Deut 5:21 (in prose only in Pentateuch (23 t.) and Ezek 18:4 in this usage); in poetry, used more freely, but chiefly in Isa2 & Job, — Num 23:9; Num 23:24 (Balaam) Isa 23:13; Isa 32:1; Isa 33:7; Ps 51:7; Ps 51:8; Ps 68:34; Ps 78:20; Ps 139:4; Prov 11:31 (stating the premiss to a conclusion introduced by אַף כִּי, q. v.), Prov 24:12: elsewhere (except in senses b, c) only in Isa2 (23 t.) & Job (31 t), as Isa 40:15 (twice in verse); Isa 41:11; Isa 41:24; Isa 41:29; Isa 50:1; Isa 50:2; Isa 50:9 (twice in verse); Isa 50:11; Job 4:18; Job 15:15; Job 25:5 (in these three passages before אַף or אַף כִּי), Job 9:1; Job 9:12 etc. (see above).
  b. as a hypothetical particle, propounding a possibility, if (so Late Hebrew, Biblical Aramaic, Mandean, Palmyrene (ZMG 1888, 404); on the contrary Syriac , Palestinian ᵑ7 אִין, also Palmyrene (ib. p. 415), Arabic with א), a special application or development of the use a: Exod 4:1 והן לא יאמינו לי and behold ( = and suppose) they will not believe me ? etc., Lev 25:20 and if (וְכִי) ye say, What shall we eat the 7th year ? הֵן לֹא נִזְרַע behold, we shall not sow etc. (i.e. supposing we do not sow), Isa 54:15; Job 40:23; 2Chr 7:13 (twice in verse) (2Chr 7:13 b וְאִם); stating the ground on which a question is based, Exod 8:22 (וְלֹא = הֲלֹא), Jer 3:1; Hag 2:12 (see הֵן Aramaic b).
  c. if, whether, in an indirect question, Jer 2:10 רְאוּ הֵן הָֽיְתָה כָּזֹאת (but Gr הֲנִהְיְתָה); compare אִם 2 b, and הֵן Aramaic

3.

BDB3995 H3588 H518

BDB3994 | BIBLICAL HEBREW | BDB3996

כִּי conjunction that, for, when (Moabite id,: Phoenician כ. Probably from the same demonstrative basis found in here, and in certain pronouns, as Aramaic דֵּךְ this (WSG 110 f.); perhaps also ultimately akin with that, in order that, and then, enclitic, like Latin nam in quisnam?) —

1. that (ὅτι, German dass):
  a. prefixed to sentences depending on an active verb, and occupying to it the place of an accusative: so constantly, after verbs of seeing, as Gen 1:10 וַיַּרְא אֱלֹהִים כִּי טוֺב and God saw that it was good, Gen 3:6; Gen 6:2; Gen 6:5; Gen 12:14 + often, hearing Gen 14:14; Gen 29:33, knowing Gen 22:12; Gen 24:14, telling Gen 3:11; Gen 12:18, repenting Gen 6:6; Gen 6:7, swearing Gen 22:16; Jer 22:5, believing Exod 4:5; Lam 4:12, remembering Ps 78:35, forgetting Job 39:15 אָמַר = command (late; in early Hebrew the words said are quoted) Job 36:10; Job 36:24 (זְכֹר in a command) Job 37:20 b 1Chr 21:18 (contrast 2Sam 24:18) etc.; טוֺב כּי it is good that ... 2Sam 18:2 + (usually the infinitive with, as Gen 2:18 see ibid.); Gen 37:26 מַהבֶּֿצַע כִּי נַהֲרֹג what profit that we should slay (imperfect)...? Mal 3:14 what proft כִּי שָׁמַרְנוּ that we have kept (perfect)...? Job 22:3 הַחֵפֶץ לְשַׁדַּי כִּי is it pleasure to Shaddai that...? after a pronoun, as Ps 41:12 by this I know that thou hast pleasure in me, that my enemy cannot triumph over me, Ps 42:5 these things will I remember...that (or how) I used to go, etc., Ps 56:10 this I know that God is for me Job 13:16 (הוא). And with כִּי repeated pleonastic after an intervening clause 2Sam 19:7; Jer 26:15 +; כִּי ֗֗֗ וְכִי Gen 3:6; Gen 29:12; Exod 4:31; Josh 2:9; Josh 8:21; Josh 10:1; 1Sam 31:7; 2Sam 5:12; 1Kgs 11:21; Jer 40:7; Jer 40:11 לֵאמֹר ֗֗֗ וְכִי Gen 45:26; Judg 10:10.
  b. כִּי often introduces the direct narration (like , , and the Greek ὅτι recitativum, e.g. Luke 4:21), in which case it cannot be represented in English (except by inverted commas), Gen 21:30; Gen 29:33 and she said, ׳כִּי שׁמע י Yahweh hath heard, etc.; Exod 3:12 = Judg 6:16 and he said, כִּי אֶהְיֶה עִמָּ֑ךְ I will be with thee, Josh 2:24; 1Sam 2:16 (see Dr) 1Sam 10:19 and ye have said to him, כִּי מֶלָךְ תָּשִׂים עָלֵינוּ Thou shalt set a king over us, 2Sam 11:23; 1Kgs 1:13; 1Kgs 20:5; Ruth 1:10, compare Ruth 2:21 (but in reply to a question כִּי may = because, see below 3; and so also in sentences giving the explanation of a proper name, Gen 26:22; Gen 29:32 (but De surely: see below), Exod 2:10 (compare Gen 4:25; Gen 41:51; Gen 41:52); in כִּי מָה, introducing an expostulation, 1Sam 29:8; 1Kgs 11:22; 2Kgs 8:13, it gives the reason for a suppressed 'Why do you say this?').
  c. especially after an oath חַי אָ֫נִי, ׳חַי י etc., introducing the fact sworn to, Gen 42:16 by the life of Pharaoh, כִּי מְרַגְּלִים אַתֶּם (I say) that ye are spies; but though Hebrew usage probably gave it an asseverative force, English idiom does not require it to be expressed: Num 14:22; 1Sam 20:3 as ׳י liveth, כִּי כְפֶשַׂע בֵּינִי וּבֵין הַמָּוֶת there is but a step between me and death! 1Sam 26:16; 1Sam 29:6; Isa 49:18 +; 1Sam 14:44 כֹּהיַֿעֲשֶׂה אֱלֹהִים וְכֹה יוֺסִיף כִּי מוֺת תָּמוּת thus may God do and more also: thou shalt surely die! 2Sam 3:35; 1Kgs 2:23; Ruth 1:17 and elsewhere — Note that כִּי when thus used is often repeated after an intervening clause, in order that its force may be fully preserved: Gen 1:39 כִּי מוֺת יָמוּת (אִםיֶֿשְׁנוֺ בְּיוֺנָתָן בְּנִי) כִּי ׳חַי י 1Sam 25:34; 2Sam 2:27 ׳כִּי אָז וג (לוּלֵא דִּבַּרְתָּ) כִּי, 2Sam 3:9; 2Sam 15:21 Qr 1Kgs 1:30; Jer 22:24.
  d. כִּי is used sometimes with advs. and interjs. to add force or distinctness to the affirmation which follows:
   (a) so especially in אַף כִּי (see אַף); הֲכִי is it that . . .? (as a neutral interrogative) 2Sam 9:1, (expecting a negative answer) Gen 29:15 is it that thou art my brother, and shalt (therefore) serve me for nothing? Job 6:22 is it that I have said, Give unto me? expressing surprise Gen 27:36 is it that he is called Jacob, and has (hence) supplanted me twice? 2Sam 23:19 an affirm. answer is required (which would imply הֲלֹא כִי): read probably with the || 1Chr 11:25 הִנּוֺ be-hold, he, etc.; אִםלֹֿא כִּי Deut 32:30 were it not that .. .; אָמְנָם כִּי Job 12:2 of a truth (is it) that ye are the people, etc.; אַךְ כִּי 1Sam 8:9 אֶפֶם כִּי Num 13:28 +; גַּם כִּי Ruth 2:21 הֲלֹא כִי 1Sam 10:1 (but see ᵐ5 Dr), 2Sam 13:28 הִנֵּה כִי Ps 128:4 compare Ps 118:10 כִּי אֲמִיַ˜לם ׳בְּשֵׁם י in the name of ׳י (is it) that — or (I say) that — I will mow them down; Job 39:27 doth the vulture mount up at thy command, וְכִי יָרִים קִנּוֺ and (is it) that it (so) makes high its nest? Isa 36:19 have the gods of the nations delivered each his land etc.? . . . וְכִי הִצִּילוּ i.e. (Hi) and (is it) that they have delivered Samaria out of my hand? > (Ew§ 354 c De Di) and that they have delivered Samaria out of my hand! = how much less (אַף כִּי) have they, etc.! (|| 2Kgs 18:34 כִּי alone, perhaps conformed by error to v2Kgs 18:35; 2Chr 32:15 אַף כִּי, which however does not decide the sense of the original וְכִי). 1Chr 29:14 וְכִי מִי read ומי or כי מי
   (b) in introducing the apodosis, especially in כִּי עַתָּה (chiefly after לוּלֵא) indeed then . . ., Gen 31:42; Gen 43:10 for unless we had tarried כִּי עַתָּה שַׁבְנוּ surely then we had returned twice, Num 22:33 (read לוּלֵי for אוּלַי); so 1Sam 14:30 ᵐ5 (after לוּא), and 1Sam 13:13 Hi We (לֻא for לֹא); after אִם Job 8:6 surely then he will awake over thee, etc. (But elsewhere כִּי עַתָּה is simply for now, Gen 29:32; Job 7:21 +; or for then = for in that case, Exod 9:15; Num 22:29; Job 3:13; Job 6:3 +). It is dubious whether כִּי אָז has the same sense: for 2Sam 2:27; 2Sam 19:7 the כִּי in כִּי אָז may be merely resumptive of the כִּי recitation preceding (see a, c). Rare otherwise: Exod 22:22 if thou afflict him כִּי אִםצָֿעֹק יִצְעַק 'tis that (= indeed), if he cries unto me, I will hear him, Isa 7:9 if ye believe not כִּי לֹא תֵאֵָ˜מנוּ ׃ indeed ye will not be established.
  e. there seem also to be other cases in which כִּי, standing alone, has an intensive force, introducing a statement with emphasis, yea, surely, certainly (German ja — a lighter particle than these English words): see in AV RV Exod 18:11; Num 23:23; 1Sam 17:25; 1Sam 20:26; 2Kgs 23:22; Isa 32:13; Isa 60:9; Jer 22:22; Jer 31:19; Hos 6:9; Hos 8:6; Hos 9:12; Hos 10:3; Amos 3:7; Ps 76:11; Ps 77:12 (Ew Che), Prov 30:2 (but not if construed as RVm), Eccl 4:16; Eccl 7:7; Eccl 7:20; Job 28:1 +; Lam 3:22 (ᵑ6 ᵑ7 Ew Th Öttli) the mercies of ׳י, surely they are not consumed (read probably תַמּוּ or תָֽמְמוּ for תמנו), Ruth 3:12 כִּי אָמְנָם yea, indeed. But it is doubtful whether כִּי has this force in all the passages for which scholars have had recourse to it, and whether in some it is not simply = for. DeProv 30:1 would restrict the usage to cases in which a suppressed clause may be understood. feminine that, expressing consecution, especially after a question implying surprise or deprecation: followed by perf., Gen 20:9 what have I sinned against thee כִּי הֵבֵאתָ עָלַי that thou hast brought upon me? 1Sam 22:8; Isa 22:1 what aileth thee, that thou art gone up, etc.? vIsa 22:16; Isa 36:5; Isa 52:5; Mic 4:9; Hab 2:18 followed by participle Judg 14:3; 1Sam 20:1; 1Kgs 18:9 how have I sinned that thou art giving, etc.? 2Kgs 5:7; Ezek 24:19 usually followed by imperfect Exod 3:11 who am I כִּי אֵלֵךְ that I should go, etc.? Exod 16:7; Judg 8:6; Judg 9:28; 2Kgs 8:13; Isa 7:13; Isa 29:16 (also perfect), Ps 8:5 what is man כִּי תִזְכְּרֶנּוּ? Job 3:12 or why the breasts כִּי אִינָָֽק ׃ that I should suck? Job 6:11 מַהכֹּֿחִי כִּי אִַיַחֵל, Job 7:12; Job 7:17; Job 10:5f.; Job 13:25f.; Job 15:12f; Job 15:14; Job 16:3; Job 21:15 +; after a negative, Gen 40:15 here also I have done nothing כִּי שָׂמוּ that they should have placed me in the dungeon, Ps 44:19f. our heart has not turned backward, etc. כִּי דִכִּיתָנוּ that thou shouldst have crushed us, etc., Isa 43:22 not me hast thou called on, כִּי יָגַעְתָּ בִּי that thou shouldst have wearied thyself with me, Hos 1:6 (see RV), Job 41:2; Ruth 1:12 I am too old to have an husband כִּי אָמַרְתִּי that I should have said, etc. (compare Ew§ 337 a; Dr§ 39 δ).
  g. added to preps. כִּי converts them, like אֲשֶׁר, into conjs. ..., as יַעַן כִּי because that...: see below יַעַן, עַד, עַל, עֵקֶב, תַּחַת.

2. a. Of time, when, of the past וַיְהִי כִּי Gen 6:1 (compare BuUrg. 6), Gen 26:8; Gen 27:1; 2Sam 6:13; 2Sam 7:1; 2Sam 19:26 + (כַּאֲשֶׁר and especially כְּ with infinitive, are more frequently); וְהָיָה כִּי (simple וְ) 1Sam 1:12; 1Sam 17:48; Josh 22:7; Judg 2:18; Judg 12:5 והיה כי יאמרו and it would be, whenever (frequently) they said, Jer 44:19 (participle), Hos 11:1; Ps 32:3 כי החרשׁתי when I was silent, Job 31:21; Job 31:26; Job 31:29 of present (usually with imperfect) as Exod 18:16 כִּי יִהְיֶה לָהֶם דָּבָר when they have a matter, 1Sam 24:20; Isa 1:12; Isa 30:21; Jer 14:12; Zech 7:5; Zech 7:6; Mal 1:8; Ps 49:19 and men praise thee כִּי תֵיטִיב לָ֑ךְ when thou doest well to thyself, Ps 102:1; Ps 127:5 +, with perfect Ezek 3:19-21; Ezek 33:9; Prov 11:15; Prov 23:22 especially of future, as Gen 4:12 כִּי תַעֲבֹד אֶתהָֿאֲדָמָה when thou shalt till the ground it shall not, etc., Gen 24:41; Gen 30:33; Gen 31:49; Gen 32:18; Exod 7:9 when Pharaoh shall speak unto you, Deut 4:25; Deut 6:20 +; in phrase (׳תאֹמַר וג) וְכִי תאֹמְרוּ Lev 25:20; Deut 18:21; Isa 8:19; Isa 36:7; Jer 13:22 and especially in ... וְהָיָה כִּי Gen 12:12; Gen 46:33; Deut 6:10; Deut 15:16; 1Sam 10:7; 1Sam 25:30; Isa 8:21; Isa 10:12 + often; with perfect Isa 16:12; 1Chr 17:11 (altered from imperfect 2Sam 7:12); with participle (unusual) Num 33:51; Num 34:2; Deut 11:31; Deut 18:9.
  b. elsewhere כִּי has a force approximating to if, though it usually represents a case as more likely to occur than אִם: — (mostly with imperfect) Gen 38:16; Num 5:20; Num 10:32; Deut 6:25; Deut 7:17; Deut 28:2; Deut 28:13; 1Sam 20:13; 2Sam 19:8; 2Kgs 4:29; 2Kgs 18:22; Jer 38:15; Prov 4:8; Job 7:13 (כי אמרתי when I say), Job 19:28 often in laws, as Exod 21:14; Exod 21:33; Exod 21:35; Exod 21:37; Exod 22:4; Exod 22:5 etc., Deut 13:13; Deut 14:24; Deut 15:7; Deut 15:12; Deut 17:2; Deut 18:6; Deut 18:21 etc.; sometimes, in particular, to state a principle broadly, after which special cases are introduced by אִם, as Exod 21:2 when (כִּי) thou buyest a Hebrew servant, he shall serve thee six years, after which vExod 21:3-5 follow four special cases with אִם if: so Exod 21:7 (כי), vExod 21:8-11 (אם); vExod 21:18 (כי), vExod 21:19 (אם); vExod 21:20 (כי), vExod 21:21 (אם); vExod 21:22 f; vExod 21:28-32; Lev 1:2 (כי), vLev 1:3 vLev 1:10 (אם) Lev 4:2; Lev 4:3; Lev 4:13; Lev 4:27; Lev 4:32; Lev 13:2ff. Num 30:3ff. +; though this distinction is not uniformly observed, contrast e.g. Exod 21:5 with Deut 15:16; Num 5:19 and vNum 5:20. —
N.B. with כִּי = when or if, the subject is often prefixed for distinctness and emphasis: 1Kgs 8:37 רָעָב ׳כִּייִֿהְיֶה בָאָרֶץ דֶּבֶר כִּי יִהְיֶה וג, Isa 28:18; Mic 5:4 אַשּׁוּר כִּייָֿבאֹ בְאַרְצֵנוּ, Ps 62:11; Ezek 3:19 (וְאַתָּה), Ezek 14:9; Ezek 14:13; Ezek 18:5; Ezek 18:18; Ezek 18:21; Ezek 33:6 (compare vEzek 33:2); and especially in laws of P, as כִּי ֗֗֗ אָדָם Lev 1:2; Lev 13:2, ... נֶפֶשׁ כִּי Lev 2:1; Lev 4:2; Lev 5:1; Lev 5:4; Lev 5:15, similarly Lev 15:2; Lev 15:16; Lev 15:19; Lev 15:25; Lev 22:12; Lev 22:13; Lev 22:14 etc., rather differently Num 5:20.
  c. when or if, with a concessive force, i.e. though: —
   (a) with imperfect Jer 4:30 (3 t. in verse); Jer 14:12; Jer 49:16 כִּיתַֿגְבִּיהַּ כַּנֶּשֶׁר קִנֶּ֑ךָ though thou make high like the vulture thy nest, I will bring thee down thence, Jer 51:53; Hos 13:15; Zech 8:6; Ps 37:24; Ps 49:19f. though in his lifetime he bless himself ... he shall come, etc., perhaps also Jer 46:23 Ew (but Hi Gf Ke for), Jer 50:11 Ew Ke (Hi yea); and strengthened by גַּם, גַּם כִּי Isa 1:5; Ps 23:4 (compare Dr§ 143);
   (b) with perf. (rare) Mic 7:8 כִּי נָפַלְתִּי קָ֑מְתִּי though I have fallen, I rise, Nah 1:10 (si vera 1.), Ps 21:12 (Hi Ew Now), Ps 119:88 (Ew De).

3. Because, since ὅτι —
  a. Gen 3:14 because thou hast done this, cursed art thou, etc., vGen 3:17; Gen 18:20; Gen 17:20 the cry of Sodom and Gomorrah — because it is great ... (subject prefixed for emphasis: compare 2
N.B.) Isa 28:15 in answer to a question, Gen 27:20; Exod 1:19; Exod 18:15; 2Sam 19:43 +. Enunciating the conditions under which a future action is conceived as possible (German indem) Lev 22:9; Deut 4:29 כי תדרשׁנו, Deut 12:20 (see Dr), vDeut 12:25 vDeut 12:28; Deut 13:19; Deut 14:24; Deut 16:15; Deut 19:6; Deut 19:9 +, 1Kgs 8:35 (compare v1Kgs 8:33 אֲשֶׁר), v1Kgs 8:36 כִּי תוֺרֵם, Prov 4:8b.
  b. more commonly the causal sentence follows, as Gen 2:3 and God blessed the seventh day ׳כִּי בוֺ שָׁבַת וג because on it he rested, etc., Gen 4:25 etc., in which case it may often be rendered for, Gen 2:5; Gen 2:28; Gen 3:20; Gen 5:24; Gen 6:7; Gen 6:12; Gen 6:13; Ps 6:3 heal me כִּי נִבְהֲלוּ עֲצָמָ֑י for my bones are vexed, Ps 10:14; Ps 25:16; Ps 27:10 + very often specifically after verbs expressive of mental emotions, as rejoicing Isa 14:29; Ps 58:11, being angry Gen 31:35; Gen 45:5, fearing Gen 43:18; Ps 49:17 etc. Iron. 1Kgs 18:27 for he is a god etc. (4 t.); Prov 30:4; Job 38:5 כִּי תֵדָ֑ע for or since thou knowest. With subject prefixed Ps 128:2. Repeated (with anacoluthon) Isa 49:19.
  c. the causal relation expressed by כִּי is sometimes subtle, especially in poetry, and not apparent without careful study of a passage. Thus sometimes it justifies a statement or description by pointing to a pregnant fact which involves it, as Isa 3:8a Job 6:21 (ground of the comparison vJob 6:15-20), Job 14:16 (For...: ground of the wishes expressed vJob 14:13-15), Job 16:22 (ground of vJob 16:20f.) Job 30:26 (For ...), or by pointing to a general truth which it exemplifies Job 5:6 (reason why complaining vJob 5:2-5 is foolish), Job 15:34; Job 23:14 sometimes it is explicative, justifying a statement by unfolding the particulars which establish or exemplify it 2Sam 5:7; 2Sam 7:8; Isa 9:4; Isa 10:8-11; Isa 13:10 (development of vIsa 13:9a); Isa 32:6 f. (developing the characters of the נָבָל and כִּילַי, and so explaining why they will no longer be esteemed vIsa 32:5); Job 11:16ff. (explicit of vJob 11:15b), Job 18:8 ff. (justifying vJob 18:7), Job 22:26 ff. (justifying vJob 22:25); elsewhere the cause is expressed indirectly or figuratively Isa 2:6 (reason why invitation vIsa 2:5 is needed), Isa 5:10 (sterility of the soil the cause of the desolation vIsa 5:9), Isa 18:5; Isa 28:8 (proof of the intoxication vIsa 28:7), Isa 31:7 (reason for the exhortation vIsa 31:6: the certainty that the folly of idolatry will soon be recognized), Job 7:21 (for soon it will be too late to pardon), Job 27:8-10 (Job wishes his enemy the lot of the wicked, because this is so hopeless); or כִּי relates not to the see which immediately precedes or follows, but to several, as Isa 7:16f. (Isa 7:17 specially the ground of the people being reduced to simple fare vIsa 7:15), Isa 21:6ff. (ground of the statements vIsa 21:1-5), Job 4:5 (ground of vJob 4:2), Job 14:7-12 (Job 14:10-12 specially the ground for the appeal in vJob 14:6), Job 23:10-13 (ground why God cannot be found vJob 23:8f.), Ps 73:21 (ground not of vPs 73:20, but of the general train of thought vPs 73:2); similarly Gen 4:24; Deut 18:14; Jer 30:11 the reason lies not in the words immediately after כִּי, but in the second part of the sentence; or, on the other hand, it may state the reason for a particular word, Isa 28:20 (justifying 'nought but terror' vIsa 28:19), Job 23:17 (God's hostility vJob 23:16 the cause of his misery, not the calamity as such). Sometimes also כִּי, in a poetic orrhetorical style, gives the reason for a thought not expressed but implied, especially the answer to a question; Isa 28:11 (the mockeries of vIsa 28:10 have a meaning) 'for with men of strange lips, etc. he will speak unto this people,' who will retort the mockeries, charged with a new and terrible meaning, upon those who uttered them (Isa 28:13); = (no,) for Isa 28:28 (see RVm), Job 22:2b no, he that is wise is profitable to himself, Job 31:18; Job 39:14 (see vJob 39:13b), Ps 44:24 (he cannot do this, vPs 44:23) for for thy sake are we killed, etc., Ps 130:4 no, with thee is forgiveness; = (yes,) for Isa 49:25 (see the question vIsa 49:24), Isa 66:8.
  d. כִּי ֗֗֗ כִּי ἀσυνδέτως sometimes introduce the proximate and ultimate cause respectively, Gen 3:19; Gen 26:7; Gen 43:32; Gen 47:20; Exod 23:33 for [else] thou wilt serve their gods, for it will be a snare to thee, Isa 2:6 (twice in verse); Isa 3:8 (twice in verse); Isa 6:5a, b; Isa 10:22f.; Job 6:3f.; Job 8:8; Job 8:9 (twice in verse); Job 24:17 (twice in verse); Job 29:11f.; sometimes they introduce two co-ordinate causes (where we should insert and), Exod 23:21; Exod 23:22; Isa 6:5b,c I am undone, because I am of unclean lips..., because mine eyes have seen ׳י of hosts, Isa 15:5 (twice in verse); Isa 15:6 (twice in verse); Isa 15:8; Isa 15:9; Zeph 3:8f.; Job 15:25; Job 15:27; Job 20:19f.; Job 31:11f. But כִּי ֗֗֗ וְכִי also occurs, Gen 33:11; Num 5:20 (if), Josh 7:15; Judg 6:30; 1Sam 19:4; 1Sam 22:17; 1Kgs 2:26; Isa 65:16 +.
  e. after a negative כִּי for becomes = but (German sondern): Gen 17:15 thou shalt not call her name Sarai, כִּי שָׂרָה שְׁמָהּ for (= but) Sarah shall be her name, Gen 24:3f.; Gen 45:8; Exod 1:19; Exod 16:8 not against us are your murmurings, ׳כי עליֿ for (they are) against ׳י = but against ׳י, Deut 21:17; 1Sam 6:3 (אַל), 1Sam 27:1 (see Dr), 1Kgs 21:17; Isa 10:7; Isa 28:27; Isa 29:23; Isa 30:5; Ps 44:8; Ps 118:17 + often; so in לא כי nay, for = nay, but, as Gen 18:15 לֹא כִּי צָחָֽקְתְּ nay, but thou didst laugh, Gen 19:2; Gen 42:12; Josh 5:14; 1Sam 2:16 MSS ᵐ5 (see Dr), 1Sam 12:12; 2Sam 16:18; 2Sam 24:24; 1Kgs 2:30; 1Kgs 3:22; 1Kgs 11:22; Isa 30:16 nay, but we will flee upon horses.

Note. — כִּי is sometimes of difficult and uncertain interpretation, and in some of the passages quoted a different explanation is tenable. Authorities especially read the Hebrew differently, when the choice is between for and yea. E.g. Isa 8:23 Ges Ew§ 330 b doch (no, but); Hi Di for (taking vIsa 8:22 as RVm); Ch surely: Isa 15:1 Ges Ew Hi Di surely; De for: Isa 39:8 Ges Hi De surely; Di for (explanation of טוֺב): Ezek 11:16 Hi Ke Co surely; Ew Sm because. — In Exod 20:25 the tense of וַתְּחַלֲלֶהָ makes it probably that כֹּי is for (Dr§ 153). Job 22:29 is taken with least violence to usage (גַּאֲוָה) as Hi When they humble thee, and thou sayest (= complainest) Pride! he will save, etc. כִּי אִםֿ (the אִם always followed by makkeph, except Gen 15:4; Num 35:33; Neh 2:2, where כִּיאִֿם is read by the Mass.: FrMM 241) —
1. each particle retaining its independent force, and relating to a different clause:
  a. that if Jer 26:15 after an oath (כִּי not translated: see כִּי 1 c) if 1Sam 14:39; Jer 22:24, surely not (אִם 1 b 2) 2Sam 3:35; 1Sam 25:34 (כִּי being resumptive of the כִּי before לוּלֵי: see כִּי 1 c); Exod 22:22 (in apodosis) indeed if . . . (see כִּי 1 d).
  b. for if Exod 8:17; Exod 9:2; Exod 10:4; +, for though Isa 10:22; Jer 37:20; Amos 5:22, but if Jer 7:5.

2. (About 140 t.) the two particles being closely conjoined, and relating to the same clause —
  a. limiting the preceding clause, except (after a negative, or an oath, or question, the equivalent of a negative) — the most usual term for expressing this idea: followed by verb Gen 32:27 I will not let thee go; כִּי אִםבֵּֿרַכְתָּֽנִי literally but (כִּי 3 e) if thou bless me (that is, I will let thee go), i.e., subordinating the second clause to the first, 'I will not let thee go, except thou bless me;' Lev 22:6 he shall not eat of the holy things כִּי אִםרָֿחַץ except he have washed his flesh, Isa 65:6; Amos 3:7; Ruth 3:18; Lam 5:21f. (Ew Näg Ke Che Öttli), turn thou us unto thee, etc., unless thou have utterly rejected us, (and) art very wroth with us (= Or hast thou utterly rejected us? etc. Ew Öttli); followed by a noun, except, but, Gen 28:17 this is nothing ׳כִּי אִםבֵּֿית הָאֱ but the house of God, Gen 32:9 he withholds from me nothing כִּי אִםאֿוֺתָךְ except thee, Lev 21:2; Num 14:30 (after אִם), Num 26:65 (compare Num 32:12 בִּלְתִּי), Josh 14:4; 1Sam 30:17; 1Sam 30:22; 2Sam 12:3 אֵין כֹּל כִּי אִםֿ (so 2Kgs 4:2), 2Kgs 19:29; 1Kgs 17:1 (after אִם), 1Kgs 22:31; 2Kgs 5:15; 2Kgs 9:35; 2Kgs 13:7; Jer 22:17; Jer 44:14 +; after אַל, 2Chr 23:6 followed by an adverb clause, Gen 42:15; Num 35:33; 2Sam 3:13 (but כִּי אִם and לִפְנֵי are mutually exclusive: read probably with ᵐ5 כִּי אִםהֵֿבֵיאתָ); after an interrogative Isa 42:19 who is blind כִּי אִםעַֿבְדִּי but my servant ? (who is blind in comparison with him ?), Deut 10:12; Mic 6:8; Eccl 5:10; 2Chr 2:5.
  b. the if being neglected, and treated as pleonastic (compare אִם 1 c), so that the clause is no longer a limitation of the preceding clause but a contradiction of it: but rather, but (= a slightly strengthened כִּי), Gen 15:4 this man shall not be thy heir; ׳כִּי אִםאֲֿשֶׁר וג but one that shall come forth from thy own bowels, he shall be thy heir (compare 1Kgs 8:19), 1Kgs 32:29 thy name shall no more be called Jacob כִּי אִםיִֿשְׂרָאֵל but Israel (compare כִּי alone 1Kgs 17:15), 1Kgs 47:18 we will not hide it from my lord, but the money . . . is all made over to, etc., Exod 12:9 not boiled in water, but roast with fire, Deut 7:5; Deut 12:5; Deut 16:6; Josh 23:8; 1Sam 2:15 he will not take of thee boiled flesh כִּי אִםחָֽֿי׃ but raw, 1Sam 8:19 לֹא כִּי אִםמֶֿלֶךְ יִהְיֶה עָלֵינוּ nay, but a king shall be over us (compare כי alone, 1Sam 10:19; 1Sam 12:12), 1Sam 21:5; 2Sam 5:6; 1Kgs 18:18; 2Kgs 10:23 (פֶּן), Isa 33:21; Isa 55:10; Isa 55:11; Isa 59:2; Jer 3:10; Jer 7:32; Jer 9:23; Jer 16:15; Jer 20:3; Jer 44:10; Ps 1:2; Ps 1:4; Prov 23:17 (אַל) Psalm +; with the principal verb repeated (as Gen 15:4; 1Kgs 8:19), Lev 21:14; Ezek 44:22; Num 10:30; 2Kgs 23:23; Jer 39:12 Kt (Qr omit אִם), compare Jer 7:23. Occasionally in colloquial language, the negative, it seems, is left to be understood: 1Sam 26:10 as ׳י liveth, (by no means,) כִּי אִם but ׳י shall smite him, 2Sam 13:33 Kt (by no means,) but Amnon alone is dead (Qr omits אִם). Followed by imperative Isa 65:18; Ezek 12:23; Jer 39:12; 2Chr 25:8. Sometimes also, though rarely (and not certainly), כִּי אִם appears to have the force of only even without a previous negative: Gen 40:14 כִּי אִםזְֿכַרְתָּנִי אִתְּךָ only have (?) me in remembrance with thyself (but read perhaps אַךְ for כִּי; see Dr§ 119 δ n., the use of a bare perfect, without לוּ, or even waw consecutive, to express a wish or command is unexampled), Num 24:22 כִּי אִםֿ יִהְיֶה לְבָעֵר קָֽיִן׃ only, nevertheless, the Kenite shall be for extermination (compare Di), Job 42:8 (De Di) כִּי אִםפָּֿנָיו אֶשָּׂא
  c. after an oath כִּי אִם appears to = a strengthened כִּי (compare בִּלְתִּי אִם, אִם ׃עַד אִם 1 c), introducing the fact sworn to (see כִּי 1 c): 2Kgs 5:20 as ׳י liveth, כִּי אִםרַֿצְתִּי surely I will run (perfect of certitude) after him, etc., Jer 51:14 (Ges Hi Gf RV) surley I will fill thee with men (namely, assailants), etc. (but Ew Ke Ch treat the particles as separate (כִּי as כִּי 1 c): though I have filled thee with men —; i.e. increased thy population, — yet shall they — the assailants — lift up the shout against thee), 2Sam 15:21 Kt (Qr omits אִם); after an assever. particle Ruth 3:12 Kt וְעַתָּה כִּי אָמְנָם כִּי אִם גּוֺאֵל אָנֹכִי and now, yea indeed, surely I am thy kinsman (Qr omits אִם); the oath being understood, Judg 15:7 if ye do thus, כִּי אִםנִֿקַּמְתִּי surely (Ges hercle) I will avenge myself, 1Sam 21:6 כִּי אִםאִֿשָּׁה עֲצֻרָה לָנוּ of a truth women have been kept from us, etc., 1Kgs 20:6 surely tomorrow I will send, etc., Prov 23:18 (see De) surely there is a reward; perhaps also Job 42:8.

BDB511 H518

BDB510 | BIBLICAL HEBREW | BDB512

אִם conjunction (= Aramaic if [and in , אֶלָּא = if not, except], Arabic if [and in = if not, except], Ethiopic (§mma) if = מָה + אִם ( + ) [and in (allâ) if not, but], Assyrian umma; also in Arabic 'An?' = , compare הַאִם: see NöM p. 208, ZMG 1886, p. 739; WAG i. § 367 e)

**ᵑ7Onk Jon אִם, ᵑ7Hag אין.
1. hypothetical particle if.
  a. construction (see more fully Dr§ 136-138, 143 FriedrichDie Hebr. Condit. sätze 1884): (1) with imperfect (continued by perfects & waw consecutive; apodosis usually begins with perfect & waw consecutive or bare imperfect; or, if necessary, with imperative or jussive)
   (a) of future time: Gen 18:26 אִםאֶֿמְצָא if I shall find 50 righteous in Sodom, וְנָשָׂאתִי I will pardon, etc., Gen 24:8; Gen 32:9; Deut 1:52 b 1Kgs 6:12; Ps 89:31; Gen 42:37; Judg 13:16; 1Kgs 1:52 a Ps 132:12.
   (b) of past time (rare, but classical): Gen 31:8 אִם יאֹמַר if everhe said . . . וְיָָֽלְדִוּ then they used to bear, etc., Exod 40:37 & in the protestations Job 31:7; Job 31:13; Job 31:16; Job 31:25 etc. (alternating with pff., see below, & with jussives in apodosis)
   (c) assuming a purely imaginary case (with imperfect in both clauses, like the double optative in Greek), if, though: Gen 13:16 so that אִםיֿוּכַל if a man were able to number the stars, thy seed also יִמָּנֶה might be numbered, Num 22:18; Isa 1:18 כַּשָּׁנִים יַלְבִּינוּ ׳אִםיִֿהְיוּ ח though your sins were as scarlet, they should become white as snow, Amos 9:2-4 אִםיַֿחְתְּרוּ though they were to dig into Sheôl, from thence תִּקָּחֵם would my hand fetch them, Ps 27:3; Ps 139:8 +. (2) with participle (expressing either a present process, or an approaching future: apodosis as 1 a) Gen 24:42; Gen 24:49; Judg 6:36; Judg 9:15; Judg 11:9 אִם מְשִׁיבִים אַתֶּם if ye are going to bring me back . . . ׳וְנָתַן י then ׳י will, etc.; similarly with יֵשׁ or אֵין Gen 44:26; Exod 22:2; 1Sam 20:8; 1Sam 23:23 & with no explicit copula Deut 22:2; Deut 25:2; Lev 1:3; Lev 1:14, etc. (3) with perfect
   (a) of future or present time (continued by perfects & waw consecutive: apodosis as 1 a) Gen 43:9 אִםלֹֿא הֲבִיאֹתִיו אֵלֶיךָ וְהִצַּגְתִּיו לְפָנֶיךָ if I do not bring him back (si eum non reduxero) and set him before thee, I will be guilty for ever, Gen 47:6 if thou knowest that there are men of worth among them וְשַׂמְתָּם then make them, etc., Judg 16:17; 2Sam 15:33; 2Kgs 7:4; Ps 41:7; Ps 94:18; Job 7:4; Job 9:30f. Job 10:14 אִם חָטָאתִי וּשְׁמַרְתָּ֑נִי if I sin, thou watchest me. On אִםנָֿא Gen 18:3 and elsewhere see נָא.
   (b) of past time, whether
   (a) in actual fact, or (β) in an assumed case (the perfect is here continued by the imperfect and waw consecutive; apodosis begins as before).
   (a) Judg 9:16-19 אִם ֗֗֗ עֲשִׂיתֶם if ye have done honestly וַתַּמְלִיכוּ and have made Abimelech king . . ., 1Sam 26:19 especially in protestations, as Ps 7:4 אִם עָשִׂיתִי זאת if I have done this . . ., let the enemy pursue my soul, etc. Jer 33:25f.; Job 31:5f; Job 31:9, etc.
   (b) Num 5:27 if she have defiled herself וַתִּמְעֹל and been faithless, וּבָאוּ then shall they come, etc., Num 15:24; Num 35:22-24.
   (c) with bare perfect in apodosis, in sense of If ... had ..., only Deut 32:30 אִםלֹֿא כִּי were it not that ..., Ps 73:15. (לוּ is more usual in such cases.) (4) with infinitive once (si vera 1.) Job 9:27 אִם אָמְרִי = if I say (literally if (there is) my saying). — Note that the verb following אִם is often strengthened by the infinitive absolute, as Exod 15:26; Exod 19:5; Exod 21:5; Exod 22:3; Exod 22:12; Exod 22:16; Exod 22:22; Judg 11:30; Judg 14:12; Judg 16:11 etc.; compare DrSm i. 20, 6.


  b. Special uses: (1) repeated ... אִם אִם whether ... or (sive ... sive) Exod 19:13; Deut 18:3; 2Sam 15:21 similarly אִם ֗֗֗ וְאִם Gen 31:52; Jer 42:6; Ezek 2:5; Eccl 11:3; Eccl 12:14 (compare ... , ... PS250; ... & ... ).(2) After an oath (expressed, or merely implied) אִם (the formula of imprecation being omitted) becomes an emphatic negative, and אִםלֹֿא an emphatic affirmative: 2Sam 11:11 by thy life אִםאֶֿעֱשֶׂה אֶתהַֿדָּבָר הַזֶּה (may God bring all manner of evil upon me) if I do this thing! = surely I will not do this thing! (compare the full phrases in 1Sam 3:17; 2Kgs 6:31) Gen 14:23; Gen 42:15; Num 14:23; 1Sam 3:14; 1Sam 19:6; 2Kgs 2:2; 2Kgs 3:14 & often; Isa 22:14; Ps 89:36; Ps 95:11; Job 6:28 אִםלֹֿא Num 14:28; Josh 14:9; 1Kgs 20:23; 2Kgs 9:26; Isa 5:9; Isa 14:24; Jer 15:11; Jer 49:20; Job 1:11 + especially Ezekiel; after a negative clause, emphasizing a contrasted idea, Gen 24:38 (where the explanation by Aramaic אֶלָּא is not supported by Hebrew usage), compare Jer 22:6. Repeated, אִם ֗֗֗ וְאִם 2Sam 20:20; 2Kgs 3:14; Isa 62:8; Jer 38:16; Ezek 14:16. In adjurations (with 2nd or 3rd person) = that not Gen 21:23; Gen 26:29; Gen 31:50; 1Sam 24:22; 1Kgs 1:51; Song 2:7; Song 3:5 +. Of past or present time: 1Sam 25:34 as ׳י liveth (I say) that, unless thou hadst hastened ..., כִּי אִם נוֺתַר that surely there had not been left ...! 1Sam 17:55 as thy soul liveth אִםיָֿדַעְתִּי if I Know it! 1Kgs 17:12; 1Kgs 18:10 — both אִםיֵֿשׁ (כִּי here merely introduces the fact sworn to, & need not be translated; so 2Sam 3:35: see כִּי); Ps 121:2 אִםלֹֿא (after a negative clause: compare above Gen 24:38). compare Str§ 90.(3) Part, of wishing, if but ...! oh that ...! (rare) Ps 81:9 If thou wouldest hearken to me! Ps 95:7; Ps 139:19; Prov 24:11. compare Exod 32:32. With an imperative (si vera lectio) Job 34:16 וְאִםִֿ˜בּינָה; and with an anacoluthon, Gen 23:13 (P) אִםאַֿתָּה לוּ שְׁמָעֵנִי if thou! — oh that thou wouldst hear me!(4) Nearly = when — with the perfect:
   (a) of past, Gen 38:9; Num 21:9 וְהָיָה אִםנָֿשַׁךְ ֗֗֗ וְרָאָה and it used to be, if or when a serpent had bitten a man, that he would look, etc., Judg 6:3; Ps 78:34 (see Dr§ 136 δ Obs.); Amos 7:2.
   (b) of present or future, Isa 4:4 אִם רָחַץ when the Lord shall have washed, Isa 24:13; Isa 28:25 compare Num 36:4 (with the imperfect)
  c. Compounded with other particles: —
   (a) בִּלְתִּי אִם except if, except, Gen 47:18; Judg 7:14; Amos 3:3; Amos 3:4. (β) הֲלוֺא אִם 2Kgs 20:19 (for which Isa 39:7 has sim-ply כִּי), perhaps Is it not (good), if ...? (De Di). (γ) כִּיאִֿם, q. v. (δ) עַד אִם Gen 24:19; Gen 24:33; Isa 30:17; Ruth 2:21, & עַד אֲשֶׁר אִם Gen 28:15; Num 32:17; Isa 6:11, until, properly until if or when. (ε) רַק אִם if only (see below רַק). אִםלֹֿא in Ezek 3:6b is very difficult. The Vrss render If I had sent, etc., implying לֻא for אִםלֹֿא (for Ew's אִםלֻֿא = אִלּוּ, q. v., is precarious): Ges Hi Co 'but (אִםלֹֿא after a negative, compare above Gen 24:38; Ps 131:2) unto them (Israel) have I sent thee: they can understand thee' (but understand is a dubious rendering of שָׁמַע אֶל).

2. Interrogative particle a. in direct question:
   (a) alone (not frequently and usually = Num? expecting the answer No, especially in a rhet. style): Gen 38:17; 1Kgs 1:27; Judg 5:8 מָגֵן אִםיֵֿרָאֶה וָרֹמַח was there a shield to be seen or a spear ...?Isa 29:16 and repeated Amos 3:6; Jer 48:27; Job 6:12.
   (b) more frequently in disjunctive interrogation:
   (a) הֲ ֗֗֗ אִם, expressing a real alternative Josh 5:13 הֲלָנוּ אַתָּה אִםלְֿצָרֵינוּ art thou for us, or for our enemies? Judg 9:2; 1Kgs 22:6; 1Kgs 22:15: more often expressing a merely formal alternative, especially in poetry (a rhetorical Num?) Gen 37:8; Num 11:12; Num 11:22; Judg 11:25b 2Sam 19:36; Isa 10:15; Isa 66:8; Jer 3:5; Hab 3:8; Ps 77:10; Ps 78:20; Job 4:17; Job 6:5; Job 6:6; Job 10:4; Job 10:5; Job 11:7 etc. (β) הֲ ֗֗֗ וְאִם (rarer than הֲ ֗֗֗ אִם, but similar in use) 2Sam 24:13 (a real alt.); Isa 49:24; Isa 50:2; Jer 5:9 (Jer 5:29 אִם) Jer 14:22; Joel 1:2; Joel 4:4; Job 8:3; Job 11:2; Job 21:4; Job 22:3; Job 34:17; Job 40:8f. (formal); Gen 17:17 P (with an anacoluthon) shall a child ...? וְאִםשָֿׂרָה הֲבַתתִּֿשְׁעִים שָׁנָה תֵּלֵד or Sarah, — shall she that is 90 years old bear? Prov 27:24 (וְאִם after negative clause),
  b. in oblique interrogation, if, whether:
   (a) alone, after verbs of seeing, inquiring, etc. 2Kgs 1:2; Jer 5:1; Jer 30:6; Mal 3:10; Ps 139:24; Song 7:13; Lam 1:12; Ezra 2:59 once מִי יוֺדֵעַ אִם who knoweth if ...? i.e. (like haud scio an) perhaps Esth 4:14 (older synonym מִי יוֺדֵעַ alone: see 2Sam 12:22; Joel 2:14; Jonah 3:9).
   (b) disjunctively הֲ ֗֗֗ אִם Gen 27:21; Num 13:18-20 so אִם ֗֗֗ וְאִם Josh 24:15.
  c. compounded with הֲ, הַאִם Num 17:28 הַאִם תַּמְנוּ לִגְוֺעַ probably an emphatic Num? Shall we ever have finished dying? Job 6:13 difficult: perhaps Is it that my help is not in me? (a forcible means of expressing that that which might be thought impossible is nevertheless the case); Hi as an aposiop., If my help is not in me (am I still to wait) ? (The view that הַאִם = הֲלֹא nonne? is inconsistent with the fact that אִם in a question has regularly the force of Num?)

אֵם see אמם. Below

אַמָּה, אֻמָּה see אמם.

BDB9477 H2005 H2006 H518 H3861

BDB9476 | BIBLICAL ARAMAIC | BDB9478

הֵן conjunction if, whether (Biblical Hebrew הֵן, q. v.: Zenjirli, Egyptian Aramaic (S-CPap. A 7 +), Palmyrene, Nabataean הן, Mandean הין if [ᵑ7Onk Jon use אם, ᵑ7Jer אין, Syriac ]); —

1. if, Dan 2:6; Dan 3:15; Dan 3:17; Dan 4:24; Dan 5:16; Dan 5:17, הֵן לָא ֗֗֗ Dan 2:5; Dan 2:9; Dan 3:15 vDan 3:18 הֵן לָ֔א if not.
2. repeated, הֵן ֗֗֗ הֵן sive ... sive, whether ... or (compare Biblical Hebrew אִם, 1 b 1), Ezra 7:26 (so PalmyreneTariff ii.c.19).
3. in indirect question, whether (compare אִם, 2 b), Ezra 5:17b יִתְבַּקַּר ֗֗֗ הֵן אִיתַי ֗֗֗ . — See also לָהֵן. p. 50, 243, 1099

הַסִּק etc., see סלק Haph`el

BDB9640 H3809 H3861 H518 H2006 H3808 H3588

BDB9639 | BIBLICAL ARAMAIC | BDB9641

II. לָהֵן conjunction except, but (from לָא and הֵן 'not if' (compare Hebrew אם לא Gen 24:38); so Nabataean and Egyptian Aramaic להן Cooke217, 219, 241 S-CPap. C 6, 7 +; lâinnî, however SocArab. Dial. see Marokko 44, Anm. 103; ᵑ7 אִילָּהֵין Gen 32:28; Gen 43:3 and elsewhere); —

1. after a negative (= Biblical Hebrew כִּי אִם, q. v.):
  a. except Dan 2:11; Dan 3:28; Dan 6:6; Dan 6:8.
  b. but (German sondern) Dan 2:30.
2. without a negative: however, but Ezra 5:12.

Strong's Definition H518
if, or, though, surely, not, …
ʾim
used very widely as demonstrative, lo!; interrogative, whether?; or conditional, if, although; also Oh that!, when; hence, as a negative, not
  • if
    • conditional clauses
      • of possible situations
        • "of impossible situations
      oath contexts
      • no, not
      if...if, whether...or, whether...or...or"when, whenever"since"interrogative particle"but rather
Variations 8 forms of this word
Translations 138 English renderings
Search every verse
Word Parts
תַּֽאַרְגִ֗י
תַּֽאַרְגִ֗י
Root word weavers, woven, weave, weaver, weavest, …
Dictionary form: אָרַג · aw-RAHɡ
Vowels & Accents
Hebrew Alephbet
Grammar Vqi2fs
Verb — Qal, Imperfect (Yiqtol), second person feminine singular simple action — "he did" not-yet-complete action — try "he will ___" or "he ___s" the built-in subject is "you"
תַּאַרְגִי Speech Verb Stem Qal Type Imperfect (Yiqtol) Person Second Person Gender Feminine Number Singular
In English
In the KJV here: thou weavest
of woven ×3 was like a weavers ×3 and of the weaver ×1 and they that weave ×1 and weave ×1 like a weaver ×1 like a weavers ×1 thou weavest ×1
More options
weave — Core verbal sense; best default choice for most contexts.
loom — Evokes the instrument; vivid in poetic or imagery-rich passages.
spin together — Highlights interlacing process; suits metaphorical or creative contexts.
interlace — Emphasizes crossing of threads; useful for technical or detailed descriptions.
braid — Suggests tight, patterned work; prefer when structure is stressed.
thread — Softer, more figurative option; good for poetic or abstract imagery.
Brown-Driver-Briggs (BDB)

BDB718 H707

BDB717 | BIBLICAL HEBREW | BDB719

אָרַג verb weave (Mishna id. compare Phoenician ארג weaver) —

Qal Imperfect 2 feminine singular תַּאַרְגִי Judg 16:13, 3 masculine plural יֶאֱרֹ֑גוּ Isa 59:5 Participle אֹרֵג Exod 28:32 + 4 t.; plural אֹרְגִים Isa 19:9 + 5 t.; אֹרְגוֺת 2Kgs 23:7 — weave cloth, etc. Isa 19:9 (in Egypt) 2Kgs 23:7, Samson's locks Judg 16:13 metaphor weave spider's web = intrigue Isa 59:5 most often Participle used as substantive = weaver Isa 38:12 work of the weaver ׳מעשׂה א Exod 28:32; Exod 39:22; Exod 39:27 compare Exod 35:35 weavers' beam (plural) ׳מְנוֺר א 1Sam 17:7; 2Sam 21:19; 1Chr 11:23; 1Chr 20:5 (simile of huge spear-shaft) — compare also below יַעֲרֵי ארגים.

Strong's Definition H707
weavers, woven, weave, weaver, weavest, …
ʾārag
to plait or weave
  • to weave
    • (Qal)
      • to weave (cloth)
        • "to braid (Samson's hair)"weaver (subst.)"intrigue (figuratively)
Variations 9 forms of this word
Translations 9 English renderings
Search every verse
Word Parts
אֶת
אֶת
Particle points to the object of the verb — leave untranslated
Dictionary form: אֵת · ate
Vowels & Accents
Hebrew Alephbet
Grammar To
Particle — Direct Object Marker
אֶת Speech Particle Type Direct Object Marker
In English
and ×240 of ×109 him ×107 them ×73 with ×72 from ×64 you ×61 me ×54
More options
[direct object marker — untranslated] — Most common use; marks definite direct object, no English equivalent.
with — Use when אֵת expresses accompaniment or association.
from — Use when context implies source or separation.
along with — Emphasizes inclusion or togetherness in a list.
together with — Slightly more formal; stresses joint participation.
among — Use when indicating presence within a group.
Brown-Driver-Briggs (BDB)

BDB853 H853

BDB852 | BIBLICAL HEBREW | BDB854

I. אֵת, with makk. אֶתֿ, with suffix אֹתִי; ˜אֹתְךָ, ˜אֹתְכָה Num 22:33, אֹתָ֑ךְ, אֹתָ֑כָה Exod 29:35, feminine אֹתָךְ; אֹתוֺ etc.; 2 plural אֶתְכֶם, once ˜אוֺתְכֶם Josh 23:15 3 masculine plural regularly אֹתָם, rarely אֶתְהֶם Gen 32:1; Exod 18:20; Num 21:3; Ezek 34:12; 1Chr 6:50, once ˜אוֺתְהֶם Ezek 23:45 3 feminine plural, on the contrary, regularly אֶתְהֶן (13 t.), once אֹתָן Ezek 16:54 (also ˜אוֺתְהֶן Ezek 23:47, אֹתָ֖נָה Exod 35:26, אוֺתָ֖נָה Ezek 34:21); forms with cholem also often written plene: — the mark of the accusative, prefixed as a rule only to nouns that are definite (Moabite id., Phoenician אית i.e. אִיַּת (Schrödp. 213 f.); Aramaic יָת frequently in ᵑ7; Syriac very rare as mark of accusative (for which is preferred), but used often in the sense of substance οὐσία, also in that of self, e.g. per se, reapse, sibi ipsi, PS1640 f., Samaritan ; Arabic , only used with suffix, when it is desired to emphasize the pronoun, e.g. Qor 1:4 WAG i. § 189. [Ethiopic uses k£y¹ similarly, Di§ 150 a; but it is dubious if this is etymologically akin.] The primitive form will have been 'iwyath, originally a substantive with following genitive, Olp. 432; whether ultimately a parallel development with אוֺת sign from √ אוה is uncertain: Ol WAG i. § 188 LagM i. 226 affirm, NöZMG 1886, 738 doubts. In Hebrew the ground-form is אוֺת; the forms with ¢, e being abbreviated. In post Biblical Hebrew, used in combination with another preposition: thus בְּאוֺתוֺ הַיּוֺם = Bibl. בַּיּוֺם הַהוּא, בְּאוֺתָהּ הַשָּׁעָה; or as a nomin., e.g. אוֺתוֺ הָאִישׁ = Bibl. הָאִישׁ הַהוּא).

1. As mark of the accusative prefixed to substantives defined either by the article (or כֹּל), or by a genitive or pronominal affix, or in virtue of being proper names:
  a. with transitive verbs, Gen 1:1; Gen 1:16; Gen 1:29; Gen 1:30; Gen 2:11; Gen 4:1; Gen 4:2; Gen 9:3 (אֶתֿ˜כֹּל׃) etc. Similarly אֶתמִֿי whom (in particular), Josh 24:15; 1Sam 12:3; 1Sam 28:11; Isa 6:8 and elsewhere (but never אֶתמָֿה); also with זֶה Gen 29:33; Gen 44:29; 1Sam 21:16; 1Kgs 22:27 +, זֹאת Gen 29:27; 2Sam 13:27 +, אֵלֶּה Gen 46:18; Lev 11:18; Isa 49:21 +. So pretty uniformly in prose; but in poetry את is commonly dispensed with. By the use of את with the pronominal affix, a pronoun can at once, if required, be placed in a position of emphasis; let the order of words from this point of view be carefully noticed in the following passages: Gen 7:1; Gen 24:14; Gen 37:4; Lev 10:17; Lev 11:33; Num 22:32 thee I had slain, and her I had kept alive, Deut 4:14; Deut 6:13; Deut 6:23; Deut 13:5; Judg 14:3 אוֺתָהּ קַח לִי take for me her, 1Sam 14:35; 1Sam 15:1; 1Sam 18:17; 1Sam 21:10 אִםאֹֿתָהּ תִּקַּחלְֿךָ קָ֔ח if thou wilt take that, take it, 1Kgs 1:35; 1Kgs 14:9; Isa 43:22; Isa 57:11; Jer 9:2. So הַאוֺתִי Jer 5:22; Jer 7:19. It also sometimes enables the reflexive sense to be expressed (elsewhere נַפְשָׁם) Jer 7:19; Ezek 34:2. Rarely with a substantive which is undefined (Ew§ 277 d 2 Ges«GKC:117»§ 117, 1, R. 2), as Exod 21:28; Num 21:9; Lev 20:14; 1Sam 24:6 (but see Dr) 2Sam 4:11; 2Sam 18:18; 2Sam 23:21 or which, though definite, is without the article, Gen 21:30; 2Sam 15:16; Lev 26:5; 1Sam 9:3 (so Num 16:15) Isa 33:19; Isa 41:7; Ezek 43:10 (for further examples see Ew 1.c.)
  b. with a passive verb (Ges«GKC:121»§ 121. 1 Ew§ 295 b) conceived as expressing neutrally the action in question, and construed accordingly with an accusative of that which is its real object: examples occur with tolerable frequency from Gen 4:18 (J) וַיִּוָּלֵד לַחֲנוֺךְ אֶתעֿירָד, Gen 17:5 (P), לֹא יִקָּרֵא עוֺד אֶתשִֿׁמְךָ אַ˜ברָם there shall not be called (=one shall not call) thy name Abram, Gen 21:5 (E), Gen 27:42; 2Sam 21:11; 1Kgs 18:13; Hos 10:6 etc., to Jer 35:18; Jer 38:4; Jer 50:20; Ezek 16:4; Ezek 16:5; Esth 2:13 (compare DrJPh xi. 227 f.): also with passive verbs of filling (Ew§ 281 b), as Exod 1:7 +.
  c. with neuter verbs or expressions, especially such as involve the idea of regarding, or treating, appy. by a construction κατὰ σύνεσιν (rare), Josh 22:17; 2Sam 11:25; Neh 9:32 (compare 1Sam 20:13 Dr). Once after אֵין, Hag 2:17 אֵין אֶתְכֶם אֵלַיָֽ.
  d. poet. (si vera lectio), after an abstract noun used with a verbal force, Hab 3:13 (Amos 4:11; Isa 13:19; Jer 50:40 מַהְפֵּכָה exerts a verbal force, like the Arabic nom. verbi [see WAG i. § 196, 43]; and Num 10:2; Ezek 17:9 לְמַסַּע, לְמַשְׂאוֺת are Aramaizing infinitives: compare Ew§ 239 a).

2. את marks an accusative in other relations than that of direct object to a verb:
  a. with verbs of motion (very rare) Num 13:17; Deut 1:19; Deut 2:7 (to 'walk the wilderness'); denoting the goal Judg 19:18; Ezek 21:25 (Ew§ 281 d, n., 282 a 1).
  b. denoting time (duration), also very rare: Exod 13:7; Lev 25:22; Deut 9:25.
  c. expressing the accus. of limitation (rare): Gen 17:11; Gen 17:14; 1Kgs 15:23.

3. Chiefly in an inferior or later style, אֵת (or וְאֵת) is used irregularly, partly (α), as it would seem, to give greater definiteness (so especially וְאֵת) at the mention of a new subject (when it may sometimes be rendered as regards), or through the influence of a neighbouring verb (a construct κατὰ σύνεσιν), or by an anacoluthon, partly (β) as resuming loosely some other preposition Thus (α) Exod 1:14; Num 3:26; Num 3:46; Num 5:10 (with הָיָה: so Ezek 35:10) Num 18:21b Deut 11:2 (anacoluthon), Deut 14:13; Josh 17:11; Judg 20:44; Judg 20:46 (contr. vJudg 20:25 vJudg 20:35) 1Sam 17:34 (see Dr) 1Sam 26:16; 2Sam 21:22; 2Kgs 6:5; Isa 53:8 (probably), Isa 57:12; Jer 23:33 (but read rather with ᵐ5 ᵑ9 אַתֶּם הַמַּשָּׂא) Jer 27:8; Jer 36:22; Jer 38:16 Kt, Jer 45:4 b Ezek 16:22; Ezek 17:21; Ezek 20:16; Ezek 29:4 b Ezek 43:7 (ᵐ5 Co prefix הֲרָאִיתָ) Ezek 44:3; Zech 8:17; Eccl 4:3; Dan 9:13; Neh 9:19; Neh 9:34; 1Chr 2:9; 2Chr 31:17. In 1Sam 30:23; Hag 2:5 probably some such word as remember is to be understood. (β) Jer 38:9; Ezek 14:22 b Ezek 37:19 b Zech 12:10 סָבִיב אֵת 1Kgs 6:5; Ezek 43:17 strangely (in 1 Kings ᵐ5 omits the clause: so StaZAW 1883, 135). — In 1Kgs 11:1 וְ is merely and also, and especially (see וְ); v1Kgs 11:25 is corrupt (read with ᵐ5 זֹאת הָרָעָה אֲשֶׁר עָשָׂה הֲדָד); Ezek 47:17; Ezek 47:18; Ezek 47:19 read similarly for ואת, זֹאת: see vEzek 47:20. — For some particulars as to the use of את, see A. M. WilsonHebraica. vi. 139 ff. 212 ff. (who, however, confuses it sometimes with II. אֵת). For denoting the pronominal object of a verb, את with suffix preponderates relatively much above the verbal affix in P, as compared with J E Deuteronomy Judges Samuel Kings (see GieZAW 1881, 258 f.), — partly, probably, on account of the greater distinctness and precision which P loves.

BDB9600 H853 H3487

BDB9599 | BIBLICAL ARAMAIC | BDB9601

יָת mark of accusative (= Biblical Hebrew I. אֵת; Palmyrene ית; ZinjirliHad. 28 with suffix ותה; Nabataean, Palmyrene with suffix יתה (Lzb263 Cooke170; compare RÉS468); ᵑ7 Samaritan יָת; Syriac (rare)); — Dan 3:12 דִּי מַנִּיתָ יָָֽתְהוֺן whom thou hast appointed.

Strong's Definition H853
with, from, of, and, by, …
ʾēt
properly, self (but generally used to point out more definitely the object of a verb or preposition, even or namely)
  • sign of the definite direct object, not translated in English but generally preceding and indicating the accusative
Variations 74 forms of this word
Translations 343 English renderings
Search every verse
Word Parts
שֶׁ֛בַע
שֶׁ֛בַע
Root word seven, seventh, seventeen, seventeenth, times, …
Dictionary form: שֶׁבַע · sheh-BA
Vowels & Accents
Hebrew Alephbet
Grammar Acfsa
Adjective — Cardinal Number, feminine singular, absolute state a number (one, two, three, …)
שֶׁבַע Speech Adjective Type Cardinal Number Gender Feminine Number Singular State Absolute
In English
In the KJV here: the seven
seven ×178 and seven ×67 the seven ×13 of seven ×6 in the seven ×5 throughout the seven ×5 and seventh ×4 in the seventh ×4
More options
seven — Core cardinal number; broadly useful in nearly all contexts.
sevenfold — Use when multiplying or intensifying by a factor of seven.
seventh — Ordinal form; use for position or sequence (e.g., seventh day).
seventeen — Use when combined with ten in compound numbers.
seventeenth — Ordinal of seventeen; use for dates or sequential positions.
week — Rare; captures 'sevens' as a unit of seven days or years.
Brown-Driver-Briggs (BDB)

BDB8424 H7651

BDB8423 | BIBLICAL HEBREW | BDB8425

I. שֶׁבַע, שִׁבְעָה394 noun masculine and feminine seven (Late Hebrew id., MI16 שבעת Assyrian sibi, sibittu (DlGr. § 65, 6; s = שׁ), Arabic , , Sabean סבע HomChr 47, 124, Ethiopic Phoenician (Punic) שבע Nabataean שבע שבעה, Palmyrene שבעא שבעה; Aramaic שְׁבַע, שִׁבְעָא, , ; on etymology compare LagBN 37 f.); —

masculine (c. noun feminine) absolute שֶׁבַע Gen 41:2 + 115 t.; construct שְׁבַע Gen 5:26 + 47 t., especially P (15 t.) and Chronicles (20 t.), וּשֲׁבַע 1Kgs 14:21 feminine (c. noun masculine) absolute שִׁבְעָה Gen 4:24 + 100 t.; constructשִׁבְעַת Gen 7:10 + 120 t.; suffix שְׁבַעְתָּם 2Sam 21:9 Qr (so Vrss and modern; see Dr; > Kt שִׁבְעָתַיִם; — seven:
1. without other number:
  a. שֶׁבַע, before feminine plural noun Gen 21:28 (J), Judg 16:13; Isa 4:1 + 80 t., especially שָׁנִים ׳שׁ Gen 29:18 (E) + 32 t. (but read שׁלוֺשׁ for שֶׁבַע 2Sam 24:13a, compare vb, c, also ᵐ5 and || 1Chr 21:12 so Th We Dr Bu HPS Now), פִּעָמִים ׳שׁ Gen 33:3 (J), Lev 4:6 (P) + 17 t.; בָּאַמָּה רָחְבָּהּ ׳שׁ 1Kgs 6:6 after noun Ezek 40:20; Ezek 40:26 noun omitted Job 5:19; Prov 6:16, + (= ׳פְּעָמִים שׁ) Lev 26:18; Lev 26:21; Lev 26:24; Lev 26:28 (H), Ps 119:64; Prov 24:16
  b. שִׁבְעָה before masculine plural noun Num 23:1 (3 t. in verse) (E) + 40 t. + Job 42:19 (read ׳שׁ for שִׁבְעָ֫נָה Ges«GKC:97c»§ 97c and most); + (distributive) ׳וְשׁ ׳שׁ Zech 4:2 after noun Gen 7:4 (J), Exod 25:37 (P) + 12 t. (P Chronicles Daniel Proverbs); noun omitted 1Sam 2:5 + 9 t., including ׳שׁ as ordinal, see below; but read שְׂבָכָה for שִׁבְעָה 1Kgs 7:17 (twice in verse) ᵐ5 Th Kmp Klo Benz Kit Bur; also ׳שׁ ׳שׁ distributive = 7 each Gen 7:2; Gen 7:3 (J); as predicate Gen 46:25 (P),
  c. שִׁבְעַת, before plural noun Num 23:4 (E), Num 8:2 (P), Ezek 45:23 (twice in verse); Job 2:13 (twice in verse) + 97 t., incl יָמִים ׳שׁ Gen 8:10 (J), + 88 t. + Ezek 45:21 (read שִׁבְעַת for שְׁבֻעוֺת Vrss and modern),
  d. = ordinal, שְׁנַת (הַ)שֶּׁבַעDeut 15:2; 2Kgs 12:2 + 3 t., בְּשִׁבְעָה לַחֹדֶשׁ Ezek 30:20, compare Ezek 45:20 לְשִׁבְעַת הַיָּמִים Gen 7:10 (J), 1Chr 9:25
2. שְׁבַע עֶשְׂרֵה שָׁנָה 17 years Gen 37:2 + 3 t. + 1Kgs 14:21, also as ordinal ׳עֶשׂ ׳בִּשְׁנַת שׁ 1Kgs 22:52, שָׁנָה ׳עֶשׂ ׳בִּשְׁנַת שׁ 2Kgs 16:1.
  b. שִׁבְעָה עָשָׂר (that is הַגּוֺרָל lot) 1Chr 24:15; 1Chr 25:24 (compare also, + other number, 1Chr 7:11; Ezra 2:30; Neh 7:42), + יוֺם 17th day Gen 7:11; Gen 8:4 unusual is שְׁקָלִים וַעֲשָׂרָה הַכֶּסֶף ׳שׁ Jer 32:9 7 shekels and 10 the silver
3. שְׁבַע מֵאוֺת = 700 Judg 8:26 + 39 t. (but Neh 7:68 omitted by Masora Baer Gi q. v.).
4. שִׁבְעָה אֶלֶף = 7000 1Kgs 20:30 + 2 t.; שִׁבְעַת אֲלָפִים = id. 1Kgs 20:15+ 15 t.; 57,000 is 7 + 50 x 1000 Num 1:31; Num 2:8; Num 2:31.
5. ׳שׁ + other number:
  a. ׳שׁ follows 18 t.: (1) singular noun after ׳שׁ Judg 8:14 also (= ordinal number) Ezek 29:17 + 2 t., שְׁנַת שָׁנָה ׳שְׁלשִׁים וָשׁ 2Kgs 13:10, compare 2Kgs 15:1 (2) plural noun before other number Ezra 8:35; Neh 7:1:[72]; Neh 7:71 (3) singular noun construct precedes ׳בִּשְׁנַת עֶשְׂרִים וָשׁ 1Kgs 16:10; 1Kgs 16:15 (ordinal); (4) noun after each number Gen 23:1; Gen 23:25 (both P), etc.
  b. ׳שׁ precedes 10 t. (P and Esther): (1) noun singular after other number Gen 8:14; Exod 6:16; Exod 6:20 + 3 t. Esther; (2) noun repeated Gen 5:7; Gen 11:21; Gen 47:28, compare Gen 5:25; Gen 5:31.
  c. 1000 + 17 Ezra 2:39 = Neh 7:42 — ׳שׁ often with sacred significance: Gen 21:28ff. (J), Exod 37:23; Lev 4:6; Lev 4:17; Lev 8:11; Lev 14:27 + (P); as round number Gen 4:24 (song in J), Gen 29:18ff; Gen 31:23; Gen 41:2ff (all E), etc.; on bowing 7 t. Gen 33:3 (J; in great humility), compare WklTelAm. nos. 143, 230, 246 NeMar,11 f.; all these probably originating with week of seven days; compare especially KöHast. DB NUMBER, 562 f., 565.

BDB8428 H7651 H7658

BDB8427 | BIBLICAL HEBREW | BDB8429

שִׁבְעָ֫נָה Job 42:13 read שִׁבְעָה Ges«GKC:97c»§ 97c and most.

BDB9929 H7655 H7651

BDB9928 | BIBLICAL ARAMAIC | BDB9930

[שְׁבַע], only שִׁבְעָה noun feminine seven (Biblical Hebrew I. שֶׁבַע); — absolute ׳שׁ before noun masculine plural Dan 4:13; Dan 4:20; Dan 4:22; Dan 4:29 construct שֶׁבְעַת before noun masculine pluralEzra Dan 7:14 חַד שִׁבְעָה עַלדִּֿי Dan 3:19 seven times above what (more than), see חַד, √ אחד.

Strong's Definition H7651
seven, seventh, seventeen, seventeenth, times, …
šebaʿ
seven (as the sacred full one); also (adverbially) seven times; by implication, a week; by extension, an indefinite number
  • seven (cardinal number)
    • as ordinal number
      • "in combination—17, 700, etc.
Variations 29 forms of this word
Translations 84 English renderings
Search every verse
Word Parts
מַחְלְפ֥וֹת
מַחְלְפ֥וֹת
Root word locks
Dictionary form: מַחְלָפָה · ma-law-PAW
Vowels & Accents
Hebrew Alephbet
Grammar Ncfpc
Noun — Common, feminine plural, construct state plural — usually add "-s"; "___ of …" — bound to the next word
מַחְלְפוֹת Speech Noun Type Common Gender Feminine Number Plural State Construct
In English
In the KJV here: locks
locks ×2
More options
braid — Best for woven/plaited hair sections; most common modern term.
lock — Modernized KJV form; natural and widely understood.
plait — Emphasizes the intertwined structure of the hair.
tress — Slightly literary; suits poetic or narrative contexts.
dreadlock — Use only if context implies uncut, matted locks (e.g. Samson).
Brown-Driver-Briggs (BDB)

BDB2802 H4253

BDB2801 | BIBLICAL HEBREW | BDB2803

[מַחֲלָפָה] noun feminine plait (of hair; so called from intertwining, passing through each other, of the strands) — Plural construct מַחְלְפוֺת ראֹשִׁי Judg 16:13, compare vJudg 16:19.

Strong's Definition H4253
locks
maḥlāpâ
a ringlet of hair (as gliding over each other)
  • braid, lock, plait
    • of hair
Variations 1 forms of this word
Translations 1 English renderings
Search every verse
Word Parts
רֹאשִׁ ֖י
רֹאשִׁ
Root word head, chief, heads, top, beginning, …
֖י
Suffix — pronoun my / me
Dictionary form: רֹאשׁ · rohsh
Vowels & Accents
Hebrew Alephbet
Grammar Ncmsc/Sp1cs
Noun — Common, masculine singular, construct state "___ of …" — bound to the next word
רֹאשִׁ Speech Noun Type Common Gender Masculine Number Singular State Construct
י Speech Suffix Type Pronominal Person First Person Number Singular
In English
In the KJV here: of my head
the head ×56 his head ×49 the chief ×33 the top ×30 head ×23 their heads ×21 the heads ×19 chief ×17
More options
head — Primary anatomical or positional sense; most versatile.
top — Prefer for mountains, pillars, or physical summits.
leader — Best when רֹאשׁ denotes a person of authority.
chief — Titular sense; fits ranks, tribes, or priestly roles.
beginning — Use for temporal or sequential firsts.
sum — Specific to census or enumeration contexts.
Brown-Driver-Briggs (BDB)

BDB7678 H7218 H7226 H4763 H7219 H7220

BDB7677 | BIBLICAL HEBREW | BDB7679

I. רֹאשׁ599 noun masculineLev 13:45 head (common Semitic word; earliest form *ra°š, Arabic , Sabean ראס PräZMG xxix (1875). 425 MordtmHim.Inschr. 31; Ethiopic Amharic hence (a heightened) Assyrian rêšu (rarely râšu), Aramaic רֵישָׁא (Egyptian Aramaic ראש CookeNorth-Semitic Inscr. 404), , modern (Ma'lûla) ra±ša, HuartJAs xii (1878), 491 Duvalid. xiii(1879), 464; Palmyrene רשא, Lzb366, compare Biblical Hebrew רִישׁוֺן, רֵאשִׁית; from*ra'š, also Biblical Hebrew רָאשׁ֩, ראֹשׁ (LagSymm. i. 113), Tel Amarna rušu(nu) Wkl189, 18 (gloss to ‡a‡‡adunu), Late Hebrew = Biblical Hebrew; SI6 ראש, Phoenician רשׁ, ראש (in proper name), Punic rus (in proper name, of a location) SchrödPhoenician Spr.133, ראשת choicest, chief; on MI20 (suffix) רשה, Lev 1:28 ש[ר], compare Sm. u. So14 NöLCB Jan. 8, 1887, 60); — ׳ר absolute Gen 3:15 +, construct Gen 40:20 +; suffix ראֹשִׁי vGen 40:16 +, etc.; plural רָאשִׁים (for רְאָשִׁים֩ NöGGA 1884, 1019) Exod 18:25 +; construct רָאשֵׁי Hos 7:13 + [מֵרַאֲשֹׁתֵי 1Sam 26:12 see מְרַאֲשׁוֺת below]; suffix רָאשֵׁינוּ 1Chr 12:19, רָאשֵׁיכֶם Isa 29:10 +, etc.; —

1. a. (c. 230 t.) head, of human being; man Gen 40:16; Gen 40:17. + often, גֶּבֶר ׳לְר Judg 5:30 for the head of a man, i.e. for each man, per capita; woman 2Kgs 9:30; Deut 21:12; Num 5:18; Esth 2:17 boy 2Kgs 4:19 (twice in verse); Gen 48:14 (twice in verse) +; of ׳י, under figure of armed man Ps 60:9 = Ps 108:9 of idol 1Sam 5:4 of gates, personified Ps 24:7; Ps 24:9.
  b. head, of animals: of serpent Gen 3:15, dog 2Sam 3:8, ass 2Kgs 6:25, of הַחַיָּה in Ezek 1:22 compare vEzek 1:22 vEzek 1:26, of הַכְּרֻבִים Ezek 10:1 compare vEzek 10:11 of sea-monsters, לִוְיָתָן Job 40:31; Ps 74:14, תַּנִּינִים vPs 74:13 especially of animals for sacrifice Exod 12:9; Exod 29:15; Exod 29:19; Lev 1:4; Lev 1:8; Lev 1:12; Lev 1:15; Lev 3:2; Lev 3:8 + 18 t. P; in phrase וְזָנָב ׳ר Isa 9:13 (figurative of noble and commoner) compare v.Isa 9:14; Isa 19:15, so (figurative of relative dignity, power, influence) Deut 28:13; Deut 28:44.
2. a. top (88 t.): of mountain, הַר, Gen 8:5; Exod 19:20 (twice in verse); Exod 24:17; Exod 34:2 + 34 t.; hill, גִּבְעָה, Exod 17:9; Exod 17:10 (E), 2Sam 8:25 מְרוֺמִים ׳ר Prov 8:2 + Prov 1:21 Toy (for ᵑ0 הֹמִיּוֺת), גֵּיא ׳ר שְׁמָנִים Isa 28:1; Isa 28:4 of rocks, צֻרִים, Num 23:9 (JE), crag, סֶלַע, 2Chr 25:12 (twice in verse); tower Gen 11:4 (J), stronghold Judg 6:26, ladder Gen 28:12 (E), tree 2Sam 5:24 = 1Chr 14:15, bough Isa 17:6 compare Ezek 17:4; Ezek 17:22, mast (?; חִבֵּל) Prov 23:34 (otherwise Toy); of ears of grain, שִׁבֹּלֶת Job 24:24, of stone Gen 28:18 (E), bed, מִטָּה, Gen 47:31 (J), throne, עָגוֺל לַכִּסֵּה׳ר 1Kgs 10:19, tabernacle, or its wall, Exod 26:24 = Exod 36:29 (P); pillar ( =capital) 1Kgs 7:16; 1Kgs 7:17 + 13: t., מְכוֺנָה v1Kgs 7:35 v1Kgs 7:35, lampstand Zech 4:2 (twice in verse), high priest's robe, מְעִיל, Exod 28:32 (P), פִּנָּה ׳ר Ps 118:22 top of (the) corner, i.e. most conspicuous stone (figurative); = tip, end, of staves 1Kgs 8:8= 2Chr 5:9, of sceptre Esth 5:2.
  b. height of stars Job 22:12 (|| גֹּבַהּ שָׁמַיִם).
3.: 171
  a. head = chief (man) Judg 10:18; Judg 11:8; Judg 11:9; Judg 11:11; Exod 18:25 (E), Num 1:16 (P), Deut 1:15; Hos 2:2; Mic 3:1 + often; apparently combined with idea of first in a series 1Chr 12:10. (van d. H. v.1Chr 12:9, series of 11); of God 2Chr 13:12.
  b. = chief (city) Josh 11:10 (D), compare (of city and king) Isa 7:3; Isa 7:8; Isa 7:9 (twice in verse).
  c. chief nation Jer 31:7.
  d. =chief (place, position) 1Sam 9:22; 1Kgs 21:9; 1Kgs 21:12; Deut 20:9; 1Chr 4:42 (compare also 5).
  e. הָראֹשׁ chief priest 2Kgs 25:18= Jer 52:24; 2Chr 19:11; 2Chr 24:11; 2Chr 26:20, הַכֹּחֵן ראֹשׁ 1Chr 27:5, ׳הָר ׳הַכּ 2Chr 31:10; Ezra 7:5 ׳י alone 2Chr 24:6 רָאשֵׁי הַכֹּהֲנִים Neh 12:7. feminine especially = head of a family (P Chronicles); רָאשֵׁי בֵּית (rare ראֹשׁ) אֲבוֺתָ (םׅ) Exod 6:14; Num 7:2; Num 17:18; Josh 22:14; 1Chr 5:24; 1Chr 7:7; 1Chr 7:9 בֵּית הָאָבוֺת ׳ר v1Chr 7:40 לְבֵית אֲבֹתָיו ׳ר Num 1:4, compare 1Chr 5:15; 1Chr 5:24; 1Chr 7:2; 1Chr 9:13; 1Chr 24:4 אֻמּוֺת בַּיתאָֿב ׳ר Num 25:15 אֲבוֺת ׳ר הָעַדָה Num 31:26 compare Num 32:28; Josh 14:1; Josh 21:1 אֲבוֺת הַלְוִיִּם ׳ר Exod 6:25; Josh 21:1 (הָ)אָבוֺת לַלְּוִיִם ׳ר 1Chr 9:33; 1Chr 9:34; 1Chr 15:12, compare Num 36:1; Josh 19:51; 1Chr 8:6; 1Chr 8:13; 1Chr 23:9; 1Chr 23:24 + 10 t. Chronicles; absolute ׳ר (הָ)אָבוֺת 1Chr 8:10; 1Chr 8:28; 1Chr 9:9; 1Chr 26:32; 1Chr 27:1; 2Chr 1:2 + 8 t. Ezra Nehemiah (Chronicles); אֲכֹתֵיהֶם ׳ר Ezra 8:1 רָאשִׁים לְאָכוֺת Neh 11:13 so also ׳י alone 1Chr 5:7; 1Chr 5:12; 1Chr 7:3; 1Chr 8:28 +; apparently combined with idea of first in a series 1Chr 23:8 (series of 3), v1Chr 23:11 (of 4), v1Chr 23:19 (of 3), v1Chr 23:20 (of 2).
4. a. head=front, leader's place Mic 2:13; 2Chr 20:27, compare Amos 6:7.
  b. of time, beginning, of night-watch Judg 7:19; Lam 2:19 absolute מֵראֹשׁ from the beginning Isa 40:21; Isa 41:4; Isa 41:26 (|| מִלְּפָנִים), Isa 48:16; Prov 8:23 (|| מֵעוֺלָם),. Eccl 3:11 (|| עַדסֿוֺף); first of months Exod 12:2 (|| רִאשׁוֺן), Num 10:10; Num 28:11 (all P); בָּראֹשׁ 1Chr 16:7 at first.
  c. of things, river-heads Gen 2:10 (J); עַפְרוֺת תֵּכֵל ׳ר Prov 8:26.
5. chief, choicest, best, of spices, כשׂמ(יםׅ, Ezek 27:22; Exod 30:23 (P), Song 4:14 שִׂמְחָתִי ׳ר Ps 137:6 the choicest of my joy.
6. head = division of army, company, band : Judg 7:16; Judg 7:20; Judg 9:34; Judg 9:37; Judg 9:43; Judg 9:44 (twice in verse); 1Sam 11:11; 1Sam 13:17 (twice in verse); 1Sam 13:18 (twice in verse) Job 1:17.
7. =sum, especially in phrase ׳בְּנֵייִֿשׂ ׳נָשָׂא אֶתרֿ Exod 30:12take the sum of, enumerate, compare Num 1:2; Num 1:49; Num 4:2; Num 4:22; Num 26:2; Num 31:26; Num 31:49 בְּראֹשׁוֺ Lev 5:24 in its sum, i.e. in full, so Num 5:7 (all P); of ׳י's thoughts Ps 139:17 compare ראֹשׁ דְּבָֽרְךָ אֱמֶתPs 119:160.
8. other phrase are : ׳נָשָׂא אֶתרֿאֹשׁ פ see נָשָׂא Qal 1 b (2); יָרוּם ראֹשִׁי עַלאֹֿיְבַי Ps 27:6, מֵרִים ראֹשִׁי ׳י Ps 3:4 (Ps 110:7; Ps 140:10 see רום); shake the head, see נוּעַ Hiph`il, compare יָנִיד בְּראֹשׁוֺ Jer 8:16, מְנוֺד ראֹשׁ Ps 44:15 נָתַן דֶּרֶךְ בְּראֹשׁ, i.e. requite, see נתן Qal 2 b near the end; יָשׁוּב גְּמֻלְךָ ׳בְּר Obad 1:15, compare Ps 7:17; 1Kgs 2:33 (below דָּם 2 i and (with ׳עַלרֿ) Esth 9:25, הֵשִׁיב רָעָה בְּראֹשׁ Judg 9:57; 1Sam 25:39; 1Kgs 2:44, compare Joel 1Kgs 4:4; 1Kgs 4:7; 1Kgs 2:32 (sub דָּם 2 i, compare Neh 3:36 (אֶלרֿאֹשָׁם), see also 2Sam 3:29 below 1. חוּל 3; see, further, דָּם 2 i; Dan 1:10 see חוּב Pi`el

BDB9878 H7217 H7218

BDB9877 | BIBLICAL ARAMAIC | BDB9879

רֵאשׁ noun masculineDan 7:6 head (Egyptian Aramaic, S-CPap.; Palmyrene רש; ᵑ7 רֵישׁ, Syriac ; Biblical Hebrew ראֹשׁ); — construct ׳ר Dan 7:1 emphatic הָ֯ Dan 2:38 suffix רֵאשׁי Dan 4:2 +, חָ֯ Dan 2:28, הֵּ֯ vDan 2:32 +, הַּ֯ Dan 7:20, הֵ֯וֺן Dan 3:27 plural absolute רֵאשִׁין Dan 7:6, suffix רָאשֵׁיהֹם (K§§ 53, Anm. b); 63 GuHpt on the passage) Ezra 5:10 —

1. head of man Dan 3:27, compare Dan 7:9 in vision: of image Dan 2:32; Dan 2:38, beast Dan 7:6; Dan 7:20.
2. head as seat of visions, הֶזְוֵי רֵאשָׁךְ, etc., Dan 2:28; Dan 4:2; Dan 4:7; Dan 4:10; Dan 7:1; Dan 7:15.
3. = chief, ׳בְּר Ezra 5:10 in the capacity of their chiefs.
4. sum, essential content, of matters Dan 7:1 (NesMM 40 beginning).

Strong's Definition H7218
head, chief, heads, top, beginning, …
rōš
the head (as most easily shaken), whether literal or figurative (in many applications, of place, time, rank, itc.)
  • head, top, summit, upper part, chief, total, sum, height, front, beginning
    • head (of man, animals)
      • "top, tip (of mountain)"height (of stars)"chief, head (of man, city, nation, place, family, priest)"head, front, beginning"chief, choicest, best"head, division, company, band"sum
Variations 85 forms of this word
Translations 192 English renderings
Search every verse
Word Parts
עִם
עִם
Preposition with, from, against, unto, by, …
Dictionary form: עִם · im
Vowels & Accents
Hebrew Alephbet
Grammar R
Preposition
עִם Speech Preposition
In English
In the KJV here: with
with ×495 and with ×49 with thee ×37 with him ×33 from ×31 against ×29 unto ×28 by ×16
More options
with — Default choice; marks accompaniment or association.
alongside — Emphasizes proximity or side-by-side relationship.
together with — Stresses joint participation or inclusion.
among — Use when referencing a group or collective setting.
against — Use when the context implies opposition or conflict.
in the company of — More formal; highlights personal presence or fellowship.
Brown-Driver-Briggs (BDB)

BDB6145 H5973 H5978

BDB6144 | BIBLICAL HEBREW | BDB6146

עִם preposition with (Aramaic עִם, , Sabean עם DHMEpigr. Denkm. 12 HomChrest. 51; compare Arabic (but see PrätBAS. i. 26)), suffix עִמִּי46 and עִמָּדִי45 (probably akin to Arabic side, beside: compare √ ענד), without difference of meaning (עמי in Pentateuch Gen 31:31; Gen 39:7; Gen 39:12; Gen 39:14; Exod 33:12; Lev 26:21; Lev 26:23; Lev 26:27; Lev 26:40 [H] Num 22:19 Joshua-Kings 13 t.; Ps 42:9; Ps 86:17; Job 10:17; Ruth 1:11; Esth 7:8 in Dan 7 t.; Ezra, Nehemiah, Chronicles 11 t.: עמדי in Pentateuch Genesis [J E] 14 t., Exod 17:2; Lev 25:23; Deut 5:28; Deut 32:34; Deut 32:39 Judges Samuel 7 t.; Ps 23:4; Ps 50:11; Ps 55:19; Ps 101:6; Job 14 t., Ruth 1:8); עִמְּךָ, עִמְּכָה 1Sam 1:26, עִמָּ֑ךְ; עִמּוֺ, עִמָּהּ; עִמָּ֫נוּ; עִמָּכֶם; עִמָּם27 (Gen 18:16, etc.: Genesis-Kings 20 t.; Neh 13:25 not Ezra, Chronicles), and עִמָּהֶם23 (chiefly late: Num 22:12; Deut 29:16 (24 עמם), Jonah 1:3; Job 1:4, and 19 t. Nehemiah Ezra Chronicles): —

1. of fellowship and companionship (Latin cum), as Gen 13:1 ולוט עמו and Lot with him, Gen 18:16; Gen 19:30; Gen 24:54 הוא והאנשׁים אשׁר עמו, וכל ישׂראל עמו Josh 7:24 al.; + often peculiar to Chronicles, Ezra are clauses introduced by ועמהם ֗֗֗ 1Chr 12:34; 1Chr 13:2; 1Chr 15:8 +, Ezra 8:13; Ezra 8:14 (Aramaic Ezra 5:2) +; so ועמו ֗֗֗ 1Chr 12:28; 2Chr 17:14-18; 2Chr 26:17; Ezra 8:3-12; Ezra 8:33. Coupling substantives, together with, chiefly in poetry: Deut 12:23 לא תאכל הנפשׁ עם הבשׂר, Josh 11:21; Judg 16:3; Eccl 7:11; 2Sam 1:24 שָׁנִי עִם עֲדָנִים, Deut 32:14 עִם חֵלֶב כרים, vDeut 32:14 vDeut 32:24 vDeut 32:25; Amos 4:10; Isa 25:11; Isa 34:7; Jer 6:11; Jer 51:40; Nah 3:12; Ps 66:15 אעשׂה בקר עם עתודים, Ps 81:3; Ps 83:8; Ps 87:4; Ps 89:14; Ps 104:25 +, Song 1:11; Song 4:13 (twice in verse) כפרים עם נרדים, vSong 4:14 vSong 4:14; Song 5:1 (3 t. in verse). Unusually, Esth 9:25 אמר עם הספר he ordered in conjunction with writing, in a written order. Poetic or late uses: Ps 42:9 ובלילה שִׁירֹה עמי, Ps 89:22 אשׁר יָדִי תִּכּוֺן עמו, vPs 89:25 in Job of the companionship of sufferings or prosperity, Job 6:4 תִצֵּי שַׁדַּי עמדי, Job 17:2 אם לא הֲתֻלִים עמדי, Job 29:6 וְצוּר יָצוּק עִמדי פלגי שׁמן, vJob 29:20 כבודי חָדָשׁ עמדי, 2Chr 14:5 ואין עמו מלחמה, 2Chr 16:19 ישׁ עמך מלחמות, 2Chr 28:10 עִמָּכֶם אֲשָׁמוֺת. Hence, in particular a. of aid, Exod 23:5; Deut 22:4; 1Chr 12:19 especially of God, Gen 21:22 אלהים עמך, Gen 26:3 ואהיה עמך, vGen 26:33; Gen 31:3; Gen 31:5; Exod 3:12; Josh 1:5; Isa 8:10 כי עמנו אל Ps 23:4; Ps 46:8; Ps 46:12; Job 29:5 + often (compare אֵת, Gen 39:2; Gen 39:3; Gen 39:21; Gen 39:23; Isa 43:5 +): so הִתְחַזַּק עם 1Chr 11:10; 2Chr 16:9; Dan 10:21, עָזַר עם 1Chr 12:21, כי גם ידם עם דוד 1Sam 22:17; 2Sam 3:12; 1Chr 4:10 (compare Exod 23:1, and II. אֵת 1 a). With the help of (= Greek σύν), 1Sam 14:45 כי עם אלהים עשׂה היום הזה, Dan 11:39 (rare).
  b. Of actions done jointly with another, as ירשׁ עם inherit with, Gen 21:10, כרת ברית עם Gen 26:28 + often, חָלַק (חִלֵּק) עם to share with Josh 22:8; Isa 53:12 +; compare Deut 10:9 חֵלֶק וְנַחֲלָה עִם אֶחָיו, Deut 18:1.
  c. If the common action be of the nature of a contest or combat, עִם is with in the sense of against: so often with נִלְחַם to fight, נִשְׁפַּט to dispute, נֶאֱבַק to wrestle, רִיב to strive (see these verbs), Gen 26:20; Gen 30:8; Gen 32:29 בּא בְּמִשְׁפָּט עם to enter into judgment with Isa 3:14 +, Job 14:3 (הֵבִיא), עִם ׳רִיב לי Hos 4:1 +; hence, without a verb expressing the idea explicitly, Ps 94:16 מי יקום לי עִם מְרֵעִים in the struggle with evil-doers ? vb Ps 55:19 כי בְרַבִּים היו עמדי for as many are they in combat with me, Job 9:14 אֶבְחֲרָה דְבָרַי עמו in the contest with him, Job 10:17b; Job 16:21 perhaps צָדַק עִם Job 9:2; Job 25:4 (compare 4 b end).
  d. Of dealing with a person, or of the relation in which one stands with, or towards, another: as עשׂה חסד עם to do kindness with Gen 24:12 + often (in 1 person observe that in this phrase עמדי, not עמי, is regul. used, Gen 19:19; Gen 20:13; Gen 40:14; 1Sam 20:14; 2Sam 10:2 [|| 1Chr 19:2 עמי: here only], al.), עשׂה טוב עם Gen 26:29 +, see also Gen 20:9; Gen 31:29; Deut 33:21; Judg 15:3; Job 10:12; Job 13:20; Job 42:8; Ps 86:17 (compare אִתְּכֶם Deut 1:30; Deut 10:21 and Aramaic Dan 3:32), Ps 119:124; Ps 126:2 (1Sam 12:24), Job 33:29 הֵיטִיד עם Gen 32:10; Gen 32:13 +, הֵרַע עִם Gen 31:7 רָצָה עם be well pleased with Ps 50:18; Job 34:9 דִּבֶּר עם to speak with (subject usually God) Exod 19:9 + (see דִּבֶּר 3 e), hence דָּבָר עִם Judg 18:7; Judg 18:28; 2Sam 3:17; 1Kgs 1:7; Job 15:11 דָּבָר לָאַט עמך a word (spoken) gently with thee, compare Job 11:5 ויפתח שׂפתיו עמך; יֵאָמֵן עם 2Chr 1:9: and with adjectives תמים עם perfect with (i.e. toward) Deut 18:13; Ps 18:24, שָׁלֵם עם 1Kgs 8:61 +; compare וְלִבָּם לֹא נָכוֺן עִמּוֺ Ps 78:37, 2Sam 21:4; 2Sam 23:5; 1Kgs 3:6 (עמך), Mic 6:8 הַצְנֵעַ לֶכֶת עִם אֱלֱהָיו, Ps 73:22 toward thee, 1Chr 19:6; Hos 12:1 (?); also הָלַךְ קְרִי עִם Lev 26:21ff. (7 t.), מַמְרִים הֱיִיתֶם עם Deut 9:7; Deut 9:24; Deut 31:27; 2Chr 16:10; 2Chr 26:19; Ps 85:5; Job 10:17 a.
  e. Of a common lot, Gen 18:23 האף תספה צדיק עם רשׁע together with the wicked, vGen 18:25; Job 3:14; Job 3:15; Isa 38:11; Ps 26:9 אל תאסף עם חטּאים נפשׁי, vb Ps 28:3 (twice in verse), Ps 69:29; Job 30:1; 1Chr 24:5 hence like, Ps 73:5 ועם אדם לא יְנֻנָּ֑עוּ with (i.e. like) men (in general), Ps 106:6 חטאנו עם אבותינו, Eccl 2:16 ואיך ימות הֶחָכָם עם הכסיל i.e. like the fool. feminine Of equality or resemblance generally (poetry), Job 9:26 חָֽלְפוּ עִם אֳנִיּוֺת אֵבֶה they pass by with, i.e. as swiftly as, skiffs of reed, Job 37:18 תרקיע עמו שׁחקים i.e. like him, Job 40:15 אשׁר עשׂיתי עמך; so נִמְשַׁל עִם Ps 28:1; Ps 143:7, נֶחְשַׁב עִם Ps 88:5.
  g. Of time, = as long as, Ps 72:5 יִירָאוּךָ עם שׁמשׁ as long as the sun endureth (compare Aramaic Dan 3:33; Dan 4:31 also see Amos. i. 15, 16 cum sole et luna semper Aratus erit); at the time of (?) 2Chr 21:19 (but read perhaps מֵחָלְיוֺ); and with infinitive (late), Ezra 1:11 עִם הֵעָלוֺת הַגּוֺלָה (compare ἅμα τῷ followed by infinitive Judg 3:21; Judg 9:33 also עִם Eccl 40:14).
2. Of a locality, close to, beside: Gen 25:11 וישׁב יצחק עם נאר לחי ראי beside the well of, etc., Gen 35:4 תַּחַת הָאֵלָה אשׁר עם שׁכם (so, after אשׁר, Josh 7:2; Judg 9:6; Judg 18:22; 2Sam 13:23), Josh 19:46 (?), Judg 18:3 הֵמָּה עִם בֵּית מִיכָה (so Judg 19:11; 2Sam 20:8), 1Sam 10:2; 2Sam 6:7 וַיָּ֫מָת ׳שָׁם עִם אֲרוֺן הא, 2Sam 19:38; 2Sam 24:16; 1Kgs 1:9; 1Chr 13:14 by the house of O., in its own house (see Be), 1Chr 21:15 (2Sam 24:16), 2Sam 26:16 (compare אֵת
2.). By a person, Deut 5:28 וְאַתָּה עֲמֹד פֹּה עמדי by me, 1Sam 1:26 הַנִּצֶּבֶת עִמְּכָה +; of one living near another, Exod 22:24; Lev 25:35; Lev 25:36; Lev 25:39; Lev 25:47.
3. Of persons, עִם is specifically
  a. in the house or family or service of (apud, chez): Gen 23:4 גֵּר וְתוֺשָׁב עמך (figurative of ׳י Lev 25:23; Ps 39:13), Gen 27:44; Gen 29:14 וַיֵשֶׁב עִמּוֺ, vGen 29:25 עבדתי עמך I have served with thee (so vGen 29:30, compare Deut 15:16), Gen 31:38; Lev 25:6; Lev 25:40 (twice in verse); Lev 25:50; Lev 25:53; Deut 22:2; Deut 23:17; Judg 17:10; 2Sam 19:34; 1Kgs 11:22 compare 1Sam 2:21 ׳עם י i.e. at his sanctuary.
  b. In the possession of (Latin penes): Gen 24:25 straw, etc., is עִמָּנוּ, Gen 31:32; Deut 17:19 והיתה עמו with him, at his side, Deut 29:16; Job 28:14 וְיָם אָמַר אֵין עִמָּדִי; = stored up with, Deut 32:34 כָּמֻס עִמָּדִי Job 27:13 (but read here probably מֵאֵל; compare Job 20:29); of ethical or mental attributes, 1Sam 25:25 וּנְבָלָה עִמּוֺ, Job 12:13 עִמּוֺ חָנְמָה וּגְבוּרָה, vJob 12:16; Job 25:2; Ps 130:7; 2Chr 19:3; 2Chr 19:7. compare figurative Ps 36:10 כי עמך מְקוֺר חַיִּים.
  c. In the custody or care of, 1Sam 9:23 שִׂים אֹתָהּ עִמָּ֑ךְ; 1Sam 22:23 כִּי מִשְׁמֶרֶת אַתָּה עִמָּדִי: compare Job 17:3 עָרְבֵנִי עִמָּ֑ךְ be surety for me with thyself.
  d. Beside = except, Deut 32:39 אֵין אלהים עִמָּדִי, Ps 73:25 ועמך לא חפצתי בארץ and beside thee I delight not (in aught that is) upon earth (al. in comparison of thee, 1 f), 2Chr 14:10 וְאֵין עִמְּךָ לַעֲזֹר there is none beside thee to help, 2Chr 20:6 perhaps Hos 9:8 (Hi Ke; but very dubious, see Commentaries). compare אֵת 1 b.
  e. With = friendly with, Gen 31:2 כי איננו עמי (synonym vGen 31:5 אֶל towards), 2Kgs 10:15 לְבָבִי עִם לְבָֽבְךָ, Prov 23:7 וְלִבּוֺ בַל עִמָּ֑ךְ.
4. Idiomatic of a thought or purpose present with one: —
  a. ׳עִם לְבַב פ, especially in Deuteronomy and the later Deuteronomic style, Deut 8:5 וְיָדַעְתָּ עִם לְבָבְךָ thou shalt know with thy heart, Deut 15:9 פן יהיה דבר עם לבבך בליעל a wicked thought with thy heart, Josh 14:7 I brought back word כָאשׁר עם לבבי ׳היה עם לְבַב פ, especially of a purpose, 1Kgs 8:17 ויהי עם ׳לבב דוד לִבְנוֺת וגו i.e. it was David's purpose to build, etc., v1Kgs 8:18 v1Kgs 8:18; 1Kgs 10:2 (= 2Chr 6:7; 2Chr 6:8 (twice in verse); 2Chr 9:1), 1Chr 22:7; 1Chr 28:2 (both based on 1Kgs 8:17, etc.), 2Chr 1:11; 2Chr 24:4; 2Chr 29:10 rather differently, to muse or talk with one's heart, Ps 77:7; Eccl 1:16.
  b. עִם alone, = in one's consciousness, whether of knowledge or memory or purpose (compare אֵת 3 b; WAG ii. § 66): Num 14:24 עֵקֶב הָֽיְתָה רוּחַ אַחֶרֶת עִמּוֺ i.e. operating in his mind, 1Kgs 11:11 יען אשׁר היתה זאת עמך, 1Chr 28:12 the pattern of all אשׁר היה בָרוּחַ עמו that was in spirit (i.e. mentally) with him, Ps 50:11 וְזִיז שָׂדַי עִמָּדִי is with me (i.e. is known to me; || ידעתי), probably also Ps 73:23; Ps 139:18 (= in thy thought and care); Job 9:35 לא כן אנכי עמדי not so am I with myself (my consciousness — or conscience — does not tell me that I need dread him), Job 10:13 ידעתי כי זאת עמך i.e. that this was thy purpose (|| אֵלֶּה צָפַנְתָּ בִּלְבָבֶ֑ךָ), Job 15:9 ולא עמנו הוא and is not with us (= in our knowledge; || וְלֹא נֵדָ֑ע), Job 23:10 כי ידע דרך עמדי the way of which I am conscious (De; Ew Di the way attending me, my usual way), vJob 23:14 וְכָהֵנָּה רַבּוֺת עמו i.e. he has many such purposes, Job 27:11 אֲשֶׁד עִם שַׁדָּי לֹא אֲכַחֵד i.e. his purposes or principles of action. Also sometimes in the judgment or estimation of, 1Sam 2:26 טוֺב עִם, 2Sam 6:22 נִכְבַּד עִם, perhaps צָדַק עִם Job 9:2; Job 25:4 (Ges Bu; but Ew as 1 c, Hi De beside, in comparison of).
5. Metaph. together with = in spite of, notwithstanding Neh 5:18 וְעִם זֶה (compare WAG ii. § 57; in Hebrew בְּ is the more usual synonym). — In 1Sam 16:12 אַדְמֹנִי עִם יְפֵה עֵינַיִם (compare 1Sam 17:42 עִם יְפֵה מַרְאֶה), if text correct, יפה must be a neuter substantive, with beauty of eyes; but read probably (Gr Bu) עֶלֶם a youth (1Sam 17:56; 1Sam 20:22) for עם (see HPS; CheExpos. T. x. 521 אַדְמֹנִי עֶצֶם, compare Lam 4:7). מֵעִם72 from with or beside (= παρὰ with a genitive: compare מֵאֵת): hence
  a. after verbs of departing, taking, removing, etc., Gen 13:14 אַחֲרֵי הִפָּרֶדֿ לוֺט מֵעִמּוֺ, Gen 26:16 לֵךְ מֵעִמָּנוּ, 1Sam 10:2; 1Sam 10:9; 1Sam 14:17 מי הלך מעמנו, 2Sam 1:2; 1Sam 16:14 סרה מעם שׁאול ׳ורוח י, 1Sam 18:12; 2Kgs 2:9 בטרם אֶלָּקַח מעמך; 2Sam 15:28 עַד בּוֺא דָבָר מֵעִמָּכֶם; of heart turning ׳מעם י Deut 29:17; 1Kgs 11:9 after שׁאל to ask, Exod 22:13; Deut 10:12 ׳מה י שֹׁאֵל מֵעִמָּ֑ךְ, 1Sam 1:17; 1Sam 20:28 (Niph`al), Isa 7:11 +; דרשׁ to require, Deut 18:19; Deut 23:22, 1Kgs 14:5 (to inquire); יצא מֵעִם פרעה from (being) with Phoenician Exod 8:8; Exod 8:25; Exod 8:26; Exod 9:33 +: compare 2Sam 3:26; 1Sam 18:13 ויסירהו שׁאול מעמו; and מַעִם פְּנֵי Gen 44:29; Job 1:12. Sq. a word denoting a place, Gen 48:12 וַיּוֺצֵא יוֺסֵָף אֹתָם מֵעִם בִּרְכָּיו, Exod 21:14 מֵעִם מִזְבְּחִי (compare 1Sam 2:33), Judg 9:37 מֵעִם טַבּוּר הארץ, 1Sam 20:34 מֵעִם הַשֻּׁלְחָן; Job 28:4 מֵעִם גָּר away from, far from (si vera lectio).
  b. Gen 24:27 אשׁר לא עזב חסדו מעם אֲדֹנִי (compare with הכרית 1Sam 20:15, הסיר 2Sam 7:15; 1Chr 17:13 (|| 2Sam 7:15 מן), הפיר Ps 89:34); Ruth 4:10 לאֹיִֿכָּרֵת שֵׁם מֵעִם.
  c. From the possession, or custody, of (compare עִם 3 b, c): so with גזל Gen 31:31, ערב to take in pledge Gen 44:32, גנב Exod 22:11, יצא (subject a slave; compare עם 3 a) Lev 25:41; Deut 15:16 (compare with שִׁלַּח חָפְשִׁי Deut 15:12; Deut 15:13; Deut 15:18; Jer 34:14, הִנָּצֵל Deut 23:16), לקח 2Sam 3:15, קנה 2Sam 24:21.
  d. Expressing origination or authorship: 1Sam 20:7 כִּי כָֽלְתָה הָרָעָה מֵעִמּוֺ, v1Sam 20:9 v1Sam 20:33 (compare מֵאֵת Esth 7:17); especially of ׳י (compare מֵאֵת c), Gen 41:32 ׳נָכוֺן הַדָּבָר מֵעִם הא is established from, on the part of, God, 1Kgs 2:33 ׳שׁלום ֗֗֗ מעם י, 1Kgs 12:15 (2Chr 10:15) כִי הָֽיְתָה סִבָּה ׳מעם י, Isa 8:18 signs and portents ׳מעם י, Isa 28:29 יצאה ׳גם זאת מעם י, Isa 29:6; Ps 121:2 ׳עֶזְרִי מעם י Ruth 2:12. And of a judgment proceeding from any one: 2Sam 3:28 ׳נקי מעם י = pronounced guiltness by ׳י, Job 34:33 הֲמֵעִמְּךָ at thy judgment shall he requite ? (compare מִן 2 d end).

BDB6146 H6005 H410 H5973

BDB6145 | BIBLICAL HEBREW | BDB6147

עִמָּנוּאֵל proper name, masculine Immanuel (with us is God); — ׳י Isa 7:14 van d. H. Baer; עִמָּנוּ אֵל Gi; — name of child, symbolizing presence of ׳י to deliver his people (on interpret. see Commentaries) — עִמָּנוּ אֵל Isa 8:8; Isa 8:10 is declaration of trust and confidence, with us is God ! (compare Ps 46:8; Ps 46:12); see עִם.

BDB9777 H5973 H5974

BDB9776 | BIBLICAL ARAMAIC | BDB9778

עִם22 preposition with (Biblical Hebrew עִם: so ᵑ7 Syriac () and general Aramaic); — suffix עִמִּי Dan 3:32, עִמָּךְ Ezra 7:13, עִמֵהּ Dan 2:22, עִמְּהוֺן Ezra 5:2 —

1. a. together with, Dan 2:18; Dan 2:43; Dan 7:13 עִםעֲֿנָנֵי שְׁמַיָּא, Ezra 5:2 +; whose dwelling, portion, etc., is with Dan 2:11; Dan 2:22; Dan 4:12; Dan 5:21.
  b. to speak with Dan 6:22, to make war with Dan 7:21 to do with ( = towards) Dan 3:32 דִּי עֲבַד עִמִּי (compare Ps 86:17), compare Ezra 6:8 שַׁוִּי עִם to make like to Dan 6:21.
2. of time, Dan 3:33 = Dan 4:31 עִםדָּֿר וְדָר (co-exists) with all generations (compare Biblical Hebrew 1 g); Dan 7:2 עִםלֵֿילְיָא during the night.

Strong's Definition H5973
with, from, against, unto, by, …
ʿim
adverb or preposition, with (i.e., in conjunction with), in varied applications; specifically, equally with; often with prepositional prefix (and then usually unrepresented in English)
  • with
    • with
      • "against"toward"as long as"beside, except"in spite of
Variations 43 forms of this word
Translations 159 English renderings
Search every verse
Word Parts
הַ מַּסָּֽכֶת
הַ
Prefix — article the
מַּסָּֽכֶת
Root word web
Dictionary form: מַסֶּכֶת · mahs-seh-KET
Vowels & Accents
Hebrew Alephbet
Grammar Td/Ncfsa
Noun — Common, feminine singular, absolute state
הַ Speech Particle Type Definite Article
מַּסָּֽכֶת Speech Noun Type Common Gender Feminine Number Singular State Absolute
In English
In the KJV here: the web
and with the web ×1 the web ×1
More options
web — Most direct equivalent; preferred in weaving contexts.
woven fabric — Clarifies the textile nature for general readers.
weave — Emphasizes the act or result of interlacing threads.
cloth — Broader term; use when specific loom detail is less critical.
loom-work — Highlights the loom as instrument; technical or poetic contexts.
Brown-Driver-Briggs (BDB)

BDB5237 H4545

BDB5236 | BIBLICAL HEBREW | BDB5238

[מַסֶּ֫כֶת] noun feminine web of unfinished stuff, on loom (see GFMPAOS, Oct. 1889, clxxvii); — only absolute מַסָּ֑כֶת Judg 16:13; Judg 16:14. — מָסָךְ, מְסֻכָה see סכך.

Strong's Definition H4545
web
masseket
something expanded, i.e., the warp in a loom (as stretched out to receive the woof)
  • web
    • web of unfinished stuff on a loom
Variations 1 forms of this word
Translations 2 English renderings
Judges 16:12
Read Judges 16
Judges 16:14