Leviticus 14:27

וְהִזָּ֤ה הַכֹּהֵן֙ בְּאֶצְבָּע֣וֹ הַיְמָנִ֔ית מִן הַשֶּׁ֕מֶן אֲשֶׁ֥ר עַל כַּפּ֖וֹ הַשְּׂמָאלִ֑ית שֶׁ֥בַע פְּעָמִ֖ים לִפְנֵ֥י יְהוָֽה
And the priest shall sprinkle with his right finger some of the oil that is in his left hand seven times before the LORD:
Select a Hebrew word above to see its details.

וְ הִזָּ֤ה
וְ
Prefix — connector and (sometimes: but, so, then)
הִזָּ֤ה
Root word sprinkle, sprinkled, sprinkleth
Dictionary form: נָזָה · naw-DZAW

Verb — Hiphil, Sequential Perfect (Weqatal), third person masculine singular causative — "he made (someone) do" carries the story forward — try "and he will ___" the built-in subject is "he (or it)"

In the KJV here: shall sprinkle
and sprinkle ×8 and he shall sprinkle ×3 shall he sprinkle ×2 and he sprinkled ×1 and shall sprinkle ×1 and sprinkled ×1 it was sprinkled ×1 person shall sprinkle ×1
More options
sprinkle — Direct modernization; best for ritual/liturgical contexts.
splash — Use when liquid is scattered with some force.
spatter — Implies droplets hitting a surface; vivid, physical register.
scatter — Emphasizes dispersal of liquid or substance outward.
spray — Good for mist-like or fine dispersal imagery.
dash — Suits a quick, deliberate flicking motion of liquid.

BDB5094 H5137

BDB5093 | BIBLICAL HEBREW | BDB5095

I. [נָזָה] verb spurt, spatter; Hiph`il sprinkle (Late Hebrew Hiph`il sprinkle; Aramaic נְדָא, אַדֵּי Lev 4:6 and often, for הִזָּה Syriac is erupit, stillavit Isa 63:3, alsoprominutt, etc. PS2291); —

Qal Imperfect 3 masculine singular יִזֶּה Lev 6:20 (twice in verse), וְיֵז Isa 63:3 (but read וַיֵּז Che Di Du Ges«GKC:53»§ 53, p. N., 107 bN. and others), וַיִּז 2Kgs 9:33 — spurt, spatter, always of blood: — וַיִּז מִדָּמָהּ אֶלֿ 2Kgs 9:33 and some of her blood spurted against the wall; so ויז נִצְחָם Isa 63:3 (with — עַלֿ of thing, in metaphor); יִזֶּה מִדָּמָה Lev 6:20, compare v.Lev 6:20 (both with עַלֿ of thing). Hiph`il Perfect 3 masculine singular וְהִזָּת consecutive Lev 4:6 + 12 t.; 2 masculine singular וְהִזֵּיתָ֫ Exod 29:21 Imperfect יַזֶּה Lev 16:14 (Isa 52:15 see below); וַיַּז Lev 8:11; Lev 8:30 Imperative הַזֵּה Num 8:7 Participle construct מַזֵּה Num 19:21 — cause to spurt, sprinkle upon, in ceremonials of P: with accusative + עַלֿ person Num 8:7 (water), + עַלֿ of thing, לִפְנֵי Lev 16:15 object often מִן partitive, or implied in context; followed by עַלֿ Lev 5:9; Lev 14:7; Lev 16:14; Lev 16:19 (all of blood); Lev 8:11 (oil); Num 19:18; Num 19:19 (water), Exod 29:21; Lev 8:30 (both blood and oil); followed by אֶלֿ Lev 14:51 (blood and water), אֶלנֹֿכַח פְּנֵי Num 19:4 (blood); followed byלִפְנֵי Lev 4:6; Lev 4:17; Lev 16:14 (blood), Lev 14:16; Lev 14:27 (oil); once without preposition מַזֵּה Num 19:21 the sprinkler of the water. — Isa 52:15 see II.נזה.

BDB5096 H5137

BDB5095 | BIBLICAL HEBREW | BDB5097

II. [נָזָה] verb (dubious) spring, leap (compare Arabic leap, leap up, upon Thes FreyProv Arabic 1, 171. 297; 22, 138; 25, 11); — hence, according to many, Hiph`il Imperfect 3 masculine singular כֵּן יַזֶּה גּוֺיִם רַבִּים Isa 52:15 so shall he cause to leap (i.e. in joyful surprise, or = startle) many nations; but perhaps corrupt; CheComm. יַתֵּר in like sense; < יִרְגְּזוּ (for יזהגוים) many shall tremble (v,רגז), GFMJBL 1890, 216 ff. compare CheHpt.

נָזִיד see זיד

sprinkle, sprinkled, sprinkleth
nāzâ
to spirt, i.e., besprinkle (especially in expiation)
  • to spurt, spatter, sprinkle
    • (Qal) to spurt, spatter
      • "(Hiphil) to cause to spurt, sprinkle upon
    to spring, leap
    • (Hiphil) to cause to leap, startle

הַ כֹּהֵן֙
הַ
Prefix — article the
כֹּהֵן֙
Root word priest, priests, own, princes, ruler, …
Dictionary form: כֹּהֵן · koh-HANE

Noun — Common, masculine singular, absolute state

In the KJV here: and the priest
the priest ×187 the priests ×117 and the priest ×112 and the priests ×48 of the priests ×42 priest ×40 then the priest ×28 priests ×17
More options
priest — Standard, most broadly applicable rendering.
clergyman — Contemporary register; useful in narrative or explanatory contexts.
officiant — Emphasizes liturgical/ritual function over title.
minister — Highlights service role; suits non-Israelite priestly figures.
religious official — Descriptive; good for officials with administrative duties.
sacred official — Stresses holy/set-apart status in formal or poetic texts.

BDB3931 H3548

BDB3930 | BIBLICAL HEBREW | BDB3932

כֹּהֵן750 noun masculine priest (Late Hebrew כֹּהֵן; Aramaic כָּהֵין, כַּהֲנָא, , ; Ethiopic all id.; on Phoenician and Arabic see above); — ׳כ Gen 14:18 + 439 t.; plural כֹּהֲנִים Exod 19:6 + 272 t.; construct כֹּהֲנֵי 1Sam 5:5 + 13 t.; suffix כֹּהֲנַי Lam 1:19 + 22 t. suffixes —

1. priest-king: e.g. Melchizedek Gen 14:18 (E ?), compare Ps 110:4 (the Messianic priest-king like Melchizedek); Zech 6:13 (Messianic priest and king); Israel מַמְלֶכֶת כֹּהֲנִים Exod 19:6 (E) a kingdom of priests (priests and kings at once in their relation to the nations); compare Isa 61:6 (of Israel ministering as a priest); or a chieftain (exercising priestly functions) כֹּהֵן מִדְיָן Exod 2:16; Exod 3:1; Exod 18:1 (all J E); so also probably the sons of David 2Sam 8:18, his grandson 1Kgs 4:5, and Ira the Jairite 2Sam 20:26, who as princes performed priestly functions. With these we may class the כהנים Exod 19:22; Exod 19:24 (J).
2. priests of other religions than ׳י 's: Potiphera אֹן ׳כ Gen 41:45; Gen 41:50 (E), Gen 46:20 (P); Egyptian כהנים Gen 47:22 (twice in verse); Gen 47:26 (J); דָגוֺן ׳כ 1Sam 5:5 Philistine כהנים וקסמים 1Sam 6:2 כֹּהֲנָיו his priests: e.g. of Baal 2Kgs 10:19 = of Ahab 2Kgs 10:11 of Chemosh Jer 48:7 of Malcam Jer 49:3 Mattan was הבעל ׳כ 2Kgs 11:18 = 2Chr 23:17 הכמרים עם הכהנים Zeph 1:4 Josiah burned the bones of the priests of the Baalim and Asherim 2Chr 34:5.
3. priests of special orders in Israel:
  a. Micah in the hill-country of Ephraim consecrated his own son וַיְהִילֿוֺ לְכֹהֵן Judg 17:5 but so soon as he could secure Jonathan ben Gershom, a descendant of Moses (see VB Judg 18:30), he consecrated him, לכהן ׳היה ל Judg 17:10; Judg 17:12; Judg 17:13; Judg 18:4; Judg 18:19 הַכֹּהֵן vJudg 18:6 vJudg 18:17 vJudg 18:18 vJudg 18:20 vJudg 18:24 vJudg 18:27. He was captured by the Danites, and he and his line became priests at Dan until the Exile, vJudg 18:19 vJudg 18:19 vJudg 18:30.
  b. Jeroboam עשׂה כהנים 1Kgs 12:31 of those not מבני לוי, as (הַ)בָּמוֺת ׳כ priests of (the) high places 1Kgs 12:32; 1Kgs 13:2; 1Kgs 13:33 (twice in verse) = לבמות ׳כ 2Chr 11:15 Amaziah (of this class) was ביתאֿל ׳כ Amos 7:10 see also 2Chr 13:9 called by Chronicler לְלֹא אלהים ׳כ v2Chr 13:9 yet Hosea rebukes them as priests of ׳י Hos 4:4; Hos 4:9; Hos 5:1; Hos 6:9 at the Exile they were deported by the Assyrians 2Kgs 17:27; 2Kgs 17:28.
  c. the people imported into Samaria made some of themselves במות ׳כ to worship ׳י the God of the land 2Kgs 17:32.
4. priests in Israel הכהנים who bore the ark and the trumpets Josh 3:13; Josh 3:14; Josh 3:15; Josh 3:17; Josh 4:3; Josh 4:9; Josh 4:10; Josh 4:17; Josh 4:18 (twice in verse); Josh 6:4 (twice in verse); Josh 6:6 (twice in verse); Josh 6:8; Josh 6:9; Josh 6:12; Josh 6:13; Josh 6:16 (all J E), 1Kgs 8:3; 1Kgs 8:6; 1Kgs 8:10; 1Kgs 8:11 Eli was הכהן 1Sam 1:9; 1Sam 2:11 יהוה ׳כ 1Sam 14:3 and his sons ליהוה ׳כ 1Sam 1:3 a מִשְׁפַּט הַכֹּהֲנִים 1Sam 2:13 mentions the ministering priest הכהן and the ׳נַעַר הַכ 1Sam 2:13; 1Sam 2:14; 1Sam 2:15 (twice in verse), Ahijah was ׳הַכּ in time of Saul 1Sam 14:19 (twice in verse); 1Sam 14:36 Abimelech ׳הַכּ at Nob, a priestly center, 1Sam 21:2; 1Sam 21:3; 1Sam 21:5; 1Sam 21:6; 1Sam 21:7; 1Sam 21:10; 1Sam 22:11 where were many ׳כֹּהֲנֵי י 1Sam 22:17 (twice in verse); 1Sam 22:21, all slain by Saul except Abiathar son of Ahimelech 1Sam 22:11; 1Sam 22:18 (twice in verse); 1Sam 22:19, who became ׳הַכּ 1Sam 23:9; 1Sam 30:7; 1Kgs 1:7; 1Kgs 1:19; 1Kgs 1:25; 1Kgs 1:42; 1Kgs 2:22; 1Kgs 2:26 Zadok later was ׳הַכּ 2Sam 15:27; 1Kgs 1:8; 1Kgs 1:26; 1Kgs 1:32; 1Kgs 1:34; 1Kgs 1:38; 1Kgs 1:39; 1Kgs 1:44; 1Kgs 1:45; 1Kgs 2:35; 1Kgs 3:2; 1Chr 16:39; 1Chr 24:6: so that the two were (ה)כהנים 2Sam 8:17 = 1Chr 18:16 (read ׳וְאֶבְיָתָר בֶּןאֿח 2Sam 8:17 ᵑ6 We Dr, and correct 1Chr 18:16 accordingly) 2Sam 15:35 (twice in verse); 2Sam 17:15; 2Sam 19:12; 2Sam 20:25; 1Kgs 4:4 Solomon removed Abiathar 1Kgs 2:27 and Zadok was anointed לְכֹהֵן according to 1Chr 29:22 compare prediction of rejection of house of Eli and selection of נֶאֱמָן ׳כ 1Sam 2:28; 1Sam 2:35 Jehoiada ׳הַכּ led the revolution against Athaliah 2Kgs 11:9 (twice in verse); 2Kgs 11:10; 2Kgs 11:15 (twice in verse); 2Kgs 11:18; 2Kgs 12:3; 2Kgs 12:8; 2Kgs 12:10 = 2Chr 22:11; 2Chr 23:8 (twice in verse); 2Chr 23:9; 2Chr 23:14 (twice in verse); 2Chr 24:2; 2Chr 24:20; 2Chr 24:25, perhaps also Jer 29:26 הכהנים sustaining him in his reforms 2Kgs 12:5; 2Kgs 12:6; 2Kgs 12:7; 2Kgs 12:8; 2Kgs 12:9; 2Kgs 12:10; 2Kgs 12:17 Uriah was ׳הַכּ in the reign of Ahaz 2Kgs 16:10; 2Kgs 16:11 (twice in verse); 2Kgs 16:15; 2Kgs 16:16; Isa 8:2 Hilkiah of Josiah 2Kgs 22:10; 2Kgs 22:12; 2Kgs 22:14; 2Kgs 23:24; 2Chr 34:14; 2Chr 34:18. Other individual priests are named, e.g.: Pashhur of Jehoiachin Jer 20:1 Zephaniah of Zedekiah Jer 21:1; Jer 29:25; Jer 29:26; Jer 29:29; Jer 37:3 ׳הַכּ is Ezekiel's title Ezek 1:3. Priests are classed with officials of state: prophets and priests 2Kgs 23:2; Isa 28:7; Jer 5:31; Jer 6:13; Jer 8:10; Jer 14:18; Jer 23:11; Jer 23:33; Jer 23:34; Jer 26:7; Jer 26:8; Jer 26:11; Jer 26:16; Jer 29:1; Lam 2:20; Lam 4:13 priests and elders Lam 1:19; Lam 4:16 king and priest Lam 2:6 kings, priests, and prophets Jer 13:13 kings, princes, and priests Jer 1:18 princes, eunuchs, and priests Jer 34:19 priest, sage, and prophet Jer 18:18 chiefs, priests, and prophets Mic 3:11 prophets, priests, and elders Ezek 7:26 kings, princes, priests, and prophets Jer 2:26; Jer 4:9; Jer 8:1; Jer 32:32 princes, judges, prophets, and priests Zeph 3:4 seeming to exclude any other officials. Apparently in the same generic sense הכהנים Jer 1:1; Jer 2:8; Jer 27:16; Jer 28:1; Jer 28:5; Jer 29:25; Jer 31:14 כַּכֹּהֵן Isa 24:2 כהנים Job 12:19 כהניה Lam 1:4; Ezek 22:26 כהניו Ps 78:64. Moses and Aaron among his priests Ps 99:6 includes Moses (against P). Zion's priests clothed with righteousness and salvation Ps 132:9; Ps 132:16 = 2Chr 6:41, probably here also.
5. Levitical priests הַכֹּהֲנִים הַלְוִיִּם Deut 17:9; Deut 17:18; Deut 18:1; Deut 24:8; Deut 27:9; Josh 3:3; Josh 8:33 (all D), Jer 33:18 (inverted), vJer 33:21 (neither in ᵐ5), 2Chr 5:5 (= ׳הַכּ ׳וְהַלּ 1Kgs 8:4: Chronicler retains original Deuteronomic reading), Ezek 43:19; Ezek 44:15 (compare 6); בְּנֵי לִוֵי ׳הַכּ Deut 21:5; Deut 31:9 ׳לל ׳לקח לכ Isa 66:21 take for priests, for Levites (of the nations in Messianic age). Doubtless of same class are: הַכֹּהֲנִים Deut 18:3; Deut 19:17; Josh 3:6; Josh 3:8; Josh 4:11 (D); and הַכֹּהֵן, the priest officiating on a particular occasion Deut 18:3; Deut 20:2 or holding a particular dignity Deut 17:12; Deut 26:3; Deut 26:4. The כהנים of the other cities of Judah, הבמות ׳כ, who were not allowed to minister in Jerusalem 2Kgs 23:8 (twice in verse); 2Kgs 23:9; 2Kgs 23:20, may be an attempt to enforce an exclusion from the priesthood of all but Levitical priests.
6. Zadokite priests: Ezekiel distinguishes among הכהנים הלוים those of the seed of Zadok, בְּנֵי צָדוֺק; all but the latter excluded by him from priesthood Ezek 40:46; Ezek 43:19; Ezek 44:15; Ezek 48:11 the priests of his code being all Zadokites Ezek 40:45; Ezek 40:46; Ezek 42:13; Ezek 42:14; Ezek 43:24; Ezek 43:27; Ezek 44:21; Ezek 44:22; Ezek 44:30 (twice in verse); Ezek 44:31; Ezek 45:4; Ezek 45:19; Ezek 46:2; Ezek 46:19; Ezek 46:20; Ezek 48:10; Ezek 48:13.
7. Aaronic priests. In H. it is taken for granted that a priest is of the seed of Aaron; the plural is never used; כֹּהֵן is used for any priest Lev 21:9; Lev 22:10; Lev 22:11; Lev 22:12; Lev 22:13 הַכֹּהֵן for Aaron Lev 21:21, and for the official priest (acting for the priesthood, almost collective) Lev 17:5; Lev 17:6; Lev 22:14; Lev 23:10; Lev 23:11; Lev 23:20 (twice in verse); Lev 27:8 (3 t. in verse); Lev 27:11; Lev 27:12 (twice in verse); Lev 27:14 (twice in verse); Lev 27:18; Lev 27:21; Lev 27:23. The priests of P are בְּנֵי אַהֲרֹן Lev 1:5; Lev 1:8; Lev 1:11; Lev 2:2; Lev 3:2; Lev 21:1; Num 3:3; Num 10:8; Josh 21:19 so in Chronicles 2Chr 13:9; 2Chr 13:10; 2Chr 26:18; 2Chr 29:21; 2Chr 31:19; 2Chr 35:14 (twice in verse); הַכֹּהֵן is used of Aaron 22 t., Eleazar 29 t., Phinehas Josh 22:30 and elsewhere; 180 t. of ministering priests, or generic of the priests; הכהנים Lev 6:22; Lev 7:6; Lev 13:2; Lev 16:33; כהן Lev 6:16. Chronicles distinguishes הַכֹּהֲנִים וְהַלְוִיִּם 1Chr 13:2; 1Chr 15:11; 1Chr 15:14; 1Chr 23:2; 1Chr 24:6; 1Chr 24:31; 1Chr 28:13; 1Chr 28:21; 2Chr 8:15; 2Chr 11:13; 2Chr 13:9; 2Chr 13:10; 2Chr 23:4; 2Chr 24:5; 2Chr 29:4; 2Chr 30:15; 2Chr 30:25; 2Chr 31:2 (twice in verse); 2Chr 31:4; 2Chr 31:9; 2Chr 34:30; 2Chr 35:8; 2Chr 35:18 (the variants without וְ 2Chr 23:18; 2Chr 30:27 are due to copyists' errors), Ezra 1:5; Ezra 2:70; Ezra 3:8; Ezra 3:12; Ezra 6:20; Ezra 7:7; Ezra 8:29; Ezra 8:30; Ezra 9:1; Neh 7:72; Neh 8:13; Neh 11:3; Neh 12:1; Neh 12:30; Neh 12:44 (twice in verse); Neh 13:30 הלוים והכהנים 2Chr 19:8; 2Chr 30:21 priests, Levites, and others 1Chr 9:2; Ezra 10:5; Neh 10:1; Neh 10:29; Neh 10:35; Neh 11:20 בְּנֵי לֵוִי antith. to ׳הַכּ Ezra 8:15 הכהן בן אהרן עם הלוים Neh 10:39 (ה)כהנים in Chronicles 67 t. has the same reference, as also כֹּהֲנֵינוּ Ezra 9:7; Neh 9:32; Neh 9:34 כֹּהֵן Ezra 2:63 = Neh 7:65 ליחוה ׳כ 2Chr 26:17 כהניו His (God's) priests 2Chr 13:12 מוֺרֶה ׳כ teaching priest 2Chr 15:3 הַכֹּהֵן is used of Jehoiada in time of David 1Chr 27:5, and Azariah in the reign of Uzziah 2Chr 26:17. In the literature of the restoration הַכֹּהֵן is used of Ezra, Ezra 7:11; Ezra 10:10; Ezra 10:16; Neh 8:2; Neh 8:9; Neh 12:26 Uriah Ezra 8:33 Eliashib Neh 13:4 Shelemiah Neh 13:13 הכהנים Joel 1:9; Joel 1:13; Joel 2:17; Hag 2:11; Hag 2:12; Hag 2:13; Zech 7:5; Mal 1:6; Mal 2:1 priests and prophets Zech 7:3 כהן Mal 2:7.
8. the high priest: הַכֹּהֵן is frequently used (see 4) to designate the priest who was at the head of priestly affairs. The adjective הַגָּדוֺל first appears of Jehoiada 2Kgs 12:11, then of Hilkiah 2Kgs 22:4; 2Kgs 22:8; 2Kgs 23:4; 2Kgs 2:9 after the exile, of Joshua Hag 1:1; Hag 1:12; Hag 1:14; Hag 2:2; Hag 2:4; Zech 3:1; Zech 3:8; Zech 6:11, and Eliashib Neh 3:1; Neh 3:20; Neh 13:28. But P uses it of Aaron and his eldest descendants who are anointed with holy oil Lev 21:10 (H; הַגָּדוֺל מֵאֶחָיו ׳הכ), Num 35:25; Num 35:28 (twice in verse); Josh 20:6, and so הַמָּשִׁיחַ ׳הַכּ Lev 4:3; Lev 4:5; Lev 4:16; Lev 6:15, compare Lev 16:32. הָראֹשׁ ׳כ is used of Seraiah 2Kgs 25:18 = Jer 52:24 and, in Chronicler, of Amariah 2Chr 19:11, Jehoiada 2Chr 24:11, Azariah 2Chr 26:20; 2Chr 31:10 of Aaron, Ezra 7:5. (We also supposes הרואה in 2Sam 15:27 to be a corruption of הראשׁ, which he regards as post-exilic insertion. The test is corrupt [see DrSm. 1.c.]; but this correction is improbable. Lists of high priests occur 1Chr 5:30-41; 1Chr 6:35-38.) A priest of second rank ((ה)מִשְׁנֶה כֹּהֵן) appears in 2Kgs 23:4 (construct plural incorrect), 2Kgs 25:18 = Jer 52:24 ׳זִקְנֵי הַכּ 2Kgs 19:2 = Isa 37:2; Jer 19:1 ׳שָׂרֵי הַכּ 2Chr 36:14; Ezra 8:24; Ezra 8:29; Ezra 10:5 ׳רָאשֵׁי הַכּ Neh 12:7.

BDB9607 H3548 H3549

BDB9606 | BIBLICAL ARAMAIC | BDB9608

[כָּהֵן] noun masculine priest (see Biblical Hebrew כהן); — emphatic כָּהֲנָא Ezra 7:12; Ezra 7:21 plural emphatic נַיָּא- Ezra 6:9; Ezra 6:16; Ezra 6:18; Ezra 7:16; Ezra 7:24 suffix (of Israel) נ֫וֺהִי- vEzra 7:13.

priest, priests, own, princes, ruler, …
kōhēn
literally one officiating, a priest; also (by courtesy) an acting priest (although a layman)
  • priest, principal officer or chief ruler
    • priest-king (Melchizedek, Messiah)
      • "pagan priests"priests of Jehovah"Levitical priests"Zadokite priests"Aaronic priests"the high priest

בְּ אֶצְבָּע ֣וֹ
בְּ
Prefix — preposition in, at, by, with
אֶצְבָּע
Root word finger, fingers, toes
֣וֹ
Suffix — pronoun his / him / it
Dictionary form: אֶצְבַּע · ets-BA

Noun — Common, feminine singular, construct state "___ of …" — bound to the next word

In the KJV here: finger
with his finger ×6 his finger ×3 and my fingers ×2 finger ×2 fingers ×2 it with his finger ×2 with the finger ×2 and your fingers ×1
More options
finger — Default rendering; fits most literal contexts.
toe — Use when context specifies a foot digit.
digit — Neutral anatomical term covering fingers and toes.
fingertip — Emphasizes the tip or point of touch.
index finger — Use when a specific pointing gesture is implied.

BDB6925 H676

BDB6924 | BIBLICAL HEBREW | BDB6926

אֶצְבַּע noun feminineLev 14:6 finger; — ׳א absolute Isa 58:9, construct Exod 8:15 +; suffix אֶצְבָּעוֺ Lev 4:6 +; plural אֶצְבָּעוֺת Jer 52:21, construct אֶצְבְּעֹת 2Sam 21:20 +, etc.; —

1. finger, especially
  a. forefinger, of priest, applying blood (P), Exod 29:12; Lev 4:6; Lev 4:17; Lev 4:25 + 8 t.; applying oil Lev 14:16 (twice in verse); Lev 14:27.
  b. ׳שְׁלַח א of any one Isa 58:9, sign of contempt.
  c. of God, as writing Exod 31:18 (E) Deut 9:10 = act of God Exod 8:15 (J).
  d. plural of all the fingers 2Sam 21:20a; fingers in general Isa 2:8; Isa 17:8; Isa 59:3; Ps 144:1; Prov 7:3; Song 5:5 of ׳י Ps 8:4 ׳מֹרֶה בְא Prov 6:13 (of contemptuous gesture); as measure of thickness, Jer 52:21 four fingers.
2. toes: אֶצְבְּעֹת רַגְלָיו 2Sam 21:20 b, literally fingers of his feet, compare ׳א || 1Chr 20:6 = fingers and toes.

BDB9836 H677 H676

BDB9835 | BIBLICAL ARAMAIC | BDB9837

[אֶצְבַּע] noun feminine

1. finger;
2. toe (ᵑ7 Syriac; Biblical Hebrew id.); — plural
1. absolute אֶצְבְּעָן Dan 5:5.
2. emph תָָ֯א Dan 2:41 construct עָ֯ vDan 2:42.

finger, fingers, toes
ʾeṣbaʿ
something to sieze with, i.e., a finger; by analogy, a toe
  • finger, toe

הַ יְמָנִ֔ית
הַ
Prefix — article the
יְמָנִ֔ית
Root word right
Dictionary form: יְמָנִי · yeh-maw-NEE

Adjective — feminine singular, absolute state

In the KJV here: with his right
of his right ×10 of the right ×5 of their right ×5 from the right ×3 the right ×3 on the right ×2 his right ×1 right ×1
More options
right — Most natural, broadly applicable modern default.
right-hand — Use as adjective before a noun (e.g., right-hand side).
right side — Preferred when indicating position or direction.
starboard — Nautical contexts; rarely suits biblical prose.
south — Ancient orientation: facing east, right = south; use contextually.

BDB3574 H3233

BDB3573 | BIBLICAL HEBREW | BDB3575

יְמָנִי adjective right hand, right — masculine of pillar הָעַמּוּד הַיְמָנִי 1Kgs 7:21 = הַיְמָנִי in || 2Chr 3:17 Qr (Kt הימיני); feminine of side of house (temple): כֶּתֶף הַבַּיִת הַיְמָנִתַ 1Kgs 6:8; 1Kgs 7:39 (|| כֶּתֶף הבית מִיָּמִין), 2Kgs 11:11 (opposed to הַשְּׂמָאלִית), Ezek 47:1, compare vEzek 47:2; 2Chr 4:10; 2Chr 23:10 (opposed to הַשְּׂמָאלִית); elsewhere of parts of body (P): right ear, hand and foot אזן הַימָנִית[ה] + ׳יד(ם) הַי + ׳רגל(ם) הַי Exod 29:20; Lev 8:23; Lev 8:24; Lev 14:14; Lev 14:17; Lev 14:25; Lev 14:28 right finger ׳אֶצְבָּעוֺ הַי Lev 14:16; Lev 14:27 compare also right side, masculine צִדְּךָ הַיְמָנִי Ezek 4:6 Qr (Kt הימיני).

right
yĕmānî
right (i.e., at the right hand)
  • right, right hand

מִן
מִן
Preposition of, from, than, for, thereof, …
Dictionary form: מִן · min

Preposition

In the KJV here: some of
from ×263 of ×236 out of ×139 and of ×48 than ×42 from me ×18 for ×17 thereof ×16
More options
from — Most common spatial or temporal origin; broadly useful.
out of — Emphasizes emergence or extraction from within something.
of — Partitive or genitive relationship; use for 'some of' contexts.
than — Use in comparative constructions; e.g. 'greater than'.
since — Temporal use; marks a starting point in time.
among — Distributive sense; source is a group or collective.

BDB4709 H4480

BDB4708 | BIBLICAL HEBREW | BDB4710

מִןֿ and מִּ , before יְ (except Dan 12:2; 2Chr 20:11) contracted to מִי (as מִידֵי from מִיְּדֵי), before guttural and ר, mostly מֵ, occasionally מִ (Ges«GKC:102»§ 102, l R.; more fully Köii. 291ff), מִן before article in all books much commoner than -מֵ; מִן; before other words most frequently in Chronicles [51 t.: elsewhere 47 t. (Kö292)]; in poetry also מִנִּי, with the old י of the genitive (Ges«GKC:90»§ 90.3a) Judg 5:14 (twice in verse); Isa 46:3 (twice in verse); Ps 44:11; Ps 44:19; Ps 68:32; Ps 74:22; Ps 78:2; Ps 78:42; Ps 88:10 + 19 t. Job, and in לְמִנִּי Mic 7:12 (twice in verse) and מִנֵּיֿ (on analogue of עֲדֵי, עֲלֵי) Isa 30:11 (twice in verse), preposition expressing the idea of separation, hence out of, from, on account of, off, on the side of, since, above, than, so that not (Phoenician מ; Aramaic ; Arabic >; Ethiopic ; Sabean בן (DHMZMG xxix.606 ff.; xxxvii.375)); with suff, מִמֶּנִּי (the מִן reduplicated, Ol§ 223c, and others, Köii. 289 f.), in poetry מִנִּי Isa 22:4; Isa 30:1; Isa 38:12; Job 16:6, מֶ֫נִּי Ps 18:23; Ps 65:4; Ps 139:19; Job 21:16; Job 22:18; Job 30:10 מִמְּךָ, מִמֶּ֑ךָּ, מִמֵּךְ; מִמֶּ֫נּוּ ( Job 4:12 מֶ֫נְהוּ), מִמֶּ֫נָּה; 1 plural מִמֶּ֫נּוּ (according to Orientals מִמֵּ֫נֿוּ: see BaerJob. p. 57 Kö290); מִכֶּם; מֵהֶם (מִנְּהֶם Job 11:20), מֵהֵ֫מָּה Jer 10:2; Eccl 12:12 מֵהֵ֫נָּה 7 t. (see הֵ֫מָּה 8 c), מֵהֶן (editions מֵהֵן) Ezek 16:47; Ezek 16:52 (see ZerweckHeb, Präp. Min, 1894): — 1. with verbs expressing (or implying) separation or removal, whether from a person or place, or in any direction, also from guilt, calamity, etc.: — thus
  a. to descend from a mountain Exod 19:14, to fall from a roof Deut 22:8, from heaven Isa 14:12, to go up from a valley Josh 10:7, to raise up from the dunghill 1Sam 2:8, or the ground 2Sam 12:17. So constantly with verbs of going, as בא, הלך, שׁב, ברח (followed by a person, usually מפני), of calling, as Isa 24:14 צָֽהֲלוּ מִיָּם, Isa 42:10; Isa 42:11; Ps 148:1 of asking or exacting as שׁאל, בקשׁ, דרשׁ, נָקַם,הִנָּקֵם, of delivering, as הושׁיע, הציל, etc., of hiding as נעלם, העלים, etc., of taking or withholding, as לקח, חשׂך, מנע, of keeping (from), as נצר, שׁמר, of being far, or desisting, as רחק Exod 23:7, חֲדַל מִמֶּנּוּ desist from us,Exod 14:2, so הֶרֶף Deut 9:14,הֵנִיחַ Deut 12:10, השׁקיט > Ps 94:13, שׁבת Gen 2:2, compare Gen 5:29 note especially the pregnant constructions, שׁפט to judge (and save) from Ps 43:1, followed by מִיַּד 1Sam 24:16 +, ענה to answer (and save) from Ps 22:22, חרשׁ and חשׁה to be silent (turning) from Ps 28:1 (twice in verse), החרישׁו ממני Job 13:13; Jer 38:27; Ps 18:22 ולא רשׁעתי מאלהי not did wickedly (turning) from my God, Ps 30:4 Kt., Ps 73:27, כלזֿוֺנֶה ממך, Jer 3:20 בָּגַד מִן (ᵐ5 εἰς = ב), Jer 31:13 with שִׂמַּח (2Chr 20:27), Ezek 27:34; Prov 25:17 הֹקַר רַגְלְךָ מִבֵּית רֵעֶ֫ךָ, Isa 29:4; Isa 63:17; Joel 1:12; Jer 51:5 אַלְמָן מֵאֱלֹהָיו widowed (and severed) from etc., Ezek 44:22 also Judg 7:17 מִמֶּנִּי תִרְאוּ וְכֵן תַּעֲשׂוּ ye shall see from me, i.e. learn what to do by observing me. Some of the verbs mentioned above are construed more precisely with מֵאֵת, מֵעִם, מֵעַל, q. v.: and others, especially לקח, דרשׁ, הושׁיע, הצּיל, פּדה, פִּלֵּט, idiomatic with מִיַּד. With infinitives, see below 7 b. often also with adverbs, as מִשָּׁם thence, מֵאַיִן whence ? מִוֶּה, מִפֹּה hence. compare also חָפְשִׁי מִן free (safe) from Job 3:19, עֵזֶר מִצָּרָיו a help from his foes Deut 33:7; Nah 3:11 מָעוֺז מֵאוֺיֵב, Ps 32:7 סֵתֶר מִצַּר, Ps 60:13 עֶזְרָת מִצָּ֑ר, Isa 4:6 צֵל מֵחֹרֶב a shadow from, the heat, Isa 25:4. Here also belong Isa 40:15 מַר מִדְּלִי a drop from (hanging from) a bucket; Song 4:1 goats שֶׁגָָּֽלְשׁוּ מהר גלעד that sit up (seeming to hang) from the hills of Gilead (compare Od. 21. 420 ἐκ διφροιο καθήμενος: also the Arabic idiom , literally to be near from a thing): probably also the difficult passage Dan 8:9, and from one of them there came forth מִצְּעִירָה קֶרֶן אַחַת a horn from (being) a little one, i.e. gradually increasing from small beginnings (but ? read אַחֶרֶת צְעִירָה Bev compare Dan 7:8).
  b. מן also, without a verb of similar significance, sometimes expresses the idea of separation, away from, far from (compare II. 2. 162 φίλης ἀπὸ πατρίδος αἴης): Prov 20:3 שֶׁכֶת מֵרִיב to sit away from strife (compare ap. De), Num 15:24 if the thing be done מֵעֵינֵי הָעֵדָה away from the eyes of etc., Judg 5:11 De RV (but Be RVm because of), Isa 14:19 cast out מִקִּבְרְךָ away from thy sepulchre, Job 28:4 דַּלּוּ מֵאֱנוֺשׁ, Gen 4:11 cursed art thou האדמה מןֿ, De Di away from the (tilled) soil, compare vGen 4:14 (but Kn Ke from, compare vGen 4:12 a), Gen 27:39 (probably) הָאָרֶץ מִשְׁמַנֵּי away from the fatness of the earth shall be thy dwelling; almost = without, Job 11:15 then shalt thou lift up thy face מִמּוּם away from, without spot, Job 19:26 (probably) מִבְּשָׂרִי without my flesh shall I see God, Job 21:9 בָּֽתֵּיהֶם שָׁלוֺם מִפַּחַד are at peace without fear, Prov 1:33; Jer 48:45 fleeing עָֽמְדוּ מִכֹּחַ they stand without strength, Isa 22:3 מִקֶּשֶׁת אֻסָּ֫רוּ (Hi De Di Che) they were bound without the bow (being used) (but Ges as 2 e: by the bowmen), Zeph 3:18. (On 2Sam 13:16 see We or Dr). See also 7 b. with of position, off, on the side of, on, especially with reference to quarters of the heavens (compare πρὸς Νότου, ἐκ δεξιῶν, a fronte, a tergo, etc.): Gen 2:8 ׳י planted a garden in Eden מִקֶּדֶם off, on the east, Gen 12:8 מִקֶּדֶם בֵּיתְאֵל מִיָּם וְהָעַי Bethel off (on) the West and `Ai off (on) the East; so מִמִּוְרָח, מִצָּפוֺן, מִנֶּגֶכ Josh 11:3; Josh 15:8; Josh 18:5; 1Sam 14:5, etc.: similarly מִיָּמִין on the right, מִשְּׂמאֹול on the left, מִמּוּל and (more rarely) מִפָּנִים on the front, מֵאָחוֺר = behind (2Sam 10:9), מִסָּבִיב Deut 12:10 + round about, מִמַּעַל, מִלְמַעְלָה, and מֵעָ֑ל (rare) = above, מִתַּחַת Exod 20:4 + beneath, מִבַּיִת on the inside, מִחוּץ on the outside Gen 6:14 +, מִנֶּגֶד in front, at a distance, Gen 21:16 +, מֵרָחוֺק Exod 2:4 + afar off, מִפְּנִ֫ימָה within, מִזֶּהמִ֗֗֗וֶּה and מִפֹּה מִפֹּה ֗֗֗ on this side . . . on that side. And so even with verbs of motion, as Gen 11:2 מִקֶּדֶם ויהי בנסעם as they journeyed — not from, but — on, the side of the east, virtually = eastwards, Gen 13:11 and Lot journeyed מקדם east, Isa 17:13; Isa 22:3 ברחו מֵרָחוֺק they fled — not from afar but — afar, Isa 23:7 whose feet used to carry her מֵרָחוֺק afar off to sojourn, Isa 57:9 thou didst send thy messengers עדמֿרחוק even to afar. With a following לְ (or suffix), most of these words are frequently in the sense of on the east (west, etc.) of . . ., as Josh 8:13 לָעִיר מִיָּם on the west of the city, מִקֶּדֶם לְ Gen 3:24, מִצְּפוֺן לְ (construct Ges«GKC:130a»§ 130 a, n.) Josh 8:11; Josh 8:13; Josh 24:30, מִימִינֶ֑ךָ Ps 91:7, מִתַּחַת לְ Gen 1:7, מִמַּעַל לְ Gen 22:9, מִבֵּית לְ Lev 16:2: מֵאַחֲרֵי behind Exod 14:19 מִצַּד בֵּיתְאֵל beside Bethel Josh 12:9, מִצִּדּוֺ beside it 1Sam 6:8, מֵעֵבֶר לַיַּרְדֵּן on the other side of Jordan Num 21:1 +; מֵהָֽלְאָה לְ beyond Amos 5:27 tablets written מִשְּׁנֵי עֶבְרֵיהֶם on both their sides, מִכָּלעֲֿבָרָיו Jer 49:32 + (see further the words cited). So מֵהַבַּיִת on the side of the house Ezek 40:7; Ezek 40:8; Ezek 40:9, מֵאֵצֶל beside Ezek 40:7; 1Sam 20:21 the arrows are מִמְּךָ וָהֵנָּה from thee and hither = on this side of thee, v1Sam 20:22 מִמְּךָ וָהָֽלְהָא, compare Num 32:19 (twice in verse).

2. Out of, Greek ἐκ, Latin ex: thus
  a. מִמִּצְרַיִם out of Egypt: so
   (a) with verbs of proceeding, removing, expelling, etc., as הוֺצִיא, יָצָא (see יָצָא), שִׁלַּח Gen 3:23, לָקַח Gen 34:26, גָנַב Gen 40:15, הִכְרִית Exod 8:5; Ps 101:8, גֵּרֵשׁ Judg 11:7, etc.; to draw out of water, a pit, etc. Exod 2:10; Ps 40:3 to cast out of the hand Judg 15:17 to rescue out of the mouth Amos 3:12 to drink מִכּוֺס 2Sam 12:3; Deut 30:3 וְקִבֶּצְךָ מִןהָֿעַמִּים, Ezek 11:17; Ezek 36:24 +: pregnantly with חָרֵד Hos 10:10; Hos 10:11, רגז Mic 7:17 to tremble (and come) out of, חרג Ps 18:46 (|| 2Sam 22:46 חגר), 2Sam 74:11; Isa 38:17 חָשַׁק (ni חָשַׂךְ leg.), Ezek 28:16 חִלֵּל, Ezra 2:62 compare נִשְׁכַּח מִפֶּה Deut 31:21, מִלֵּב Ps 31:13. In this application, often made more definite by the use of מִתּוֺךְ ֗֗֗ , מִקֶּרֶב ֗֗֗ out of the midst of.
   (b) of the place out of which one looks, speaks, exerts power, etc., Gen 4:10; Num 24:19 (Ps 110:1), Deut 4:35 קלו מןהֿשׁמים השׁמיעך אתֿ, Amos 1:2 מציון ישׁאג ׳י, Ps 14:2; Ps 20:3 send thee help מִקֹּדֶשׁ, vPs 14:7 יַעֲנֵהוּ מִשְּׁמֵי קָדְשׁוֺ, Ps 42:7; Ps 68:36; Ps 85:12; Ps 109:10 ודרשׁו מחרבזתיהם seek (their bread) out of their desolate homes (but Ew De as 1 b far from; ᵐ5 Gr Che יְגָֹֽרְשׁוּ let them be driven from), Ps 128:5; Ps 130:1; Job 27:23; Isa 29:18 to see out of darkness, Song 2:9 to look out מִןהַֿחַלֹּנוֺת from the windows (usually בעד), Song 5:4 he put forth his hand מִןהַֿחוֺר from (i.e. in through) the hole (in the door or wall).
   (c) with בָּחַר to choose out of, Exod 18:25 + often, compare with הִבְדִּיל Deut 29:20; 1Kgs 8:53,with יָדַע Amos 3:2; Exod 19:5 ye shall be to me סְגֻלָּה מכלהֿעמים a treasure (chosen) out of all peoples (compare with בָּחַר Deut 7:6; Deut 14:2).
  b. of the material out of which anything is formed, or from which it is derived:
   (a) Gen 2:19 to form מןהֿאדמה out of the soil, vGen 2:23 מִבְּשָׂרִי עֶצֶם מֵעֲצָמַי וּבָשָׂר, Exod 39:1; Num 6:4; Hos 13:2 to make images מִכַּסְפָּם, Ps 16:4 נִסְכֵּיהֶם מִדָּם, Ps 45:14; Song 3:9; Isa 40:17 מאפס ותהו נחשׁבולֿו as made of nought and unreality are they reckoned by him (|| כְּאַיִן נֶגְדּוֺ), Isa 41:24 הֵן אַתֶּם מֵאַיִן (|| מֵאָ֑פַע, read מֵאָ֑פֶם), Ps 62:10 מֵהֶבֶל (al. 6 c), Prov 13:11; Exod 25:19; Exod 25:31 its cups, its knops, etc., ממנה יהיו shall be from it (i.e. of one piece with it), so vExod 25:35 vExod 25:36; Exod 27:2; Exod 30:2 al.;
   (b) with verbs of eating, filling, etc., as שׁתה Gen 9:21; Job 21:20 מֵחֲמַת שַׁדַּי יִשְׁתֶּה, Song 8:2 הִשְׁקָה, רָוָה Ps 36:9 +, רִוָּה Isa 34:7, שׂבע Prov 18:20 +, השׂביע Ps 81:17 +, מִלֵּא (rare) Ps 127:5: compare Deut 32:42 אַשְׁכִּיר חִצַּי מִדָּם, Isa 51:21; Ps 28:7 (peculiar) וּמִשִּׁירִי אֲהוֺדֶנּוּ out of song I will thank him (Ps 69:31 ׳ב), also (unusual) Isa 2:3 וְיוֺרֵנוּ מִדְּרָכָיו i.e. out of (the treasure of) his ways (al. particle = some of), Ps 94:12b מִתּוֺרָֽתְךָ תְלַמְּדֶנּוּ; Eccl 7:10 to speak מֵחָכְמָה (compare Rabb מִתּוֺךְ).
  c. of the source or origin: namely
   (a) of parents, Gen 16:2 אִבָּנֶה ממנה I shall be built up out of her (so Gen 30:3), Gen 17:16 מלכי עמים ממנה יהיו, Gen 35:11a: often of coming forth מִבֶּטֶן Job 1:21, מֵחֲלָצֶיךָ Gen 35:11b, ממעיך Gen 15:4, Isa 2:20 ׳י give thee seed from this woman; compare Job 16:4 מִי יִתֵּן טָהוֺר מִטָּמֵא
   (b) of the tribe or people, from which a person comes (compare 1 a), Num 3:12 ׳כל בכור ֗֗֗ מכני ישׂר, Josh 12:4; 2Sam 4:2; 2Sam 21:2; Jer 1:1 +; and so of a person's native place, as Judg 12:8 אבצן מבית לחם Ibzan from Biblical, Judg 13:2 אִישׁ מִצָּרְעָה Judg 17:1; Judg 17:7; 1Sam 1:1; 1Sam 9:1; 2Sam 23:20; 2Sam 23:30; Amos 1:1 +, compare Jer 46:25 אָמוֺן מִנּאֹ; Isa 48:1 וּמִמֵּי יְהוּדָה יָצָֽאוּ, vIsa 48:2 מֵעִיר הַקֹּדֶשׁ נִקְ˜ראוּ, Isa 58:12 וּבָנוּ מִמֵךְ (those) from thee shall build, Ps 68:27 מִמְּקוֺר ישׂראל ye (sprung) from the fountain of Israel, Mic 5:1; Nah 1:11 vNah 1:14 figurative מִשִּׁמְךָ), Zeph 3:18; Jer 30:21; Zech 10:4.
   (c) of beasts and things, Gen 2:7 עָפָר מִןהָֿאֲדָמָה, Jer 5:6 אַרְיֵה מִיַּעַר a lion from the woods, Ps 80:14 חֲזִיר מִיַּעַרִ; compare Ps 10:18 אֶנוֺשׁ מִןהָֿאָרֶץ man from the earth (terrenus), Ps 72:16 יָצִיצוּ מֵעִיר; Job 28:12 וְהַחָכְמָה מֵאַיַן תִּמָּצֵא.
   (d) מִלֵּב Isa 59:13; Job 8:10, especially with reference to what is self-devised, Num 16:28 כִּי לֹא מִלִּבִּי, Num 24:13; 1Kgs 12:33; Neh 6:8 נְבִיאֵי מִלִּבָּם Ezek 13:2.
  d. of the source or author of an action, counsel, or event: 1Sam 24:14 מֵרְשָׁעִים יֵצֵא רֶשַׁע, 2Sam 3:37 היתה מהמלך לא it was not from the king to, etc.; specifically of ׳י, Gen 24:50 יצא הדבר ׳כי מי, Judg 14:4 knew הוא ׳כי מי that it was from J., 1Kgs 2:15 ׳היתה לו כי מי, Prov 16:1; Prov 20:24 מִצְעֲדֵי גֶבֶר ׳מי, Ps 37:39; Ps 62:2 מִמֶּנּוּ יְשׁוּעָתִי, Hos 8:4 they have made kings, מִמֶּנִּי וְלֹא not from me, i.e. not at my prompting, Isa 30:1; Isa 50:11 (מִיָּדִי) Ezek 3:17 end = Ezek 33:7 and warn them from me, 1Chr 5:22; 1Chr 13:2; 2Chr 22:7; 2Chr 25:20 (synonym מֵאֵת, מֵעִם, which are more frequent in this sense); in poetry Hos 7:5 חֲמַת מִיַּיִן heat from wine, Ps 9:14 מִ˜שּׂנְאַי עָנְיִי at the hands of my haters, Ps 74:22; Job 4:13 שְׂעִפִּים מֵחֶזְיֹנוֺת לַיְלָה thoughts (arising) out of, etc., Job 6:25 הוֺכֵחַ מִכֶּם reproof proceeding from you, Job 20:29 (twice in verse), Ps 78:2 חִידוֺת מִקֶּדֶם indirect lessons (springing) out of antiquity; Dan 11:31 זְרֹעִים מִמֶּנּוּ (Köiii. 241). As marking the author of a judgment or estimate (rare), Num 32:22 וּמִיִּשְׂרָאֵל ׳נְקִיִּם מי guiltless at the hands of (= in the judgment of) J. and Israel (compare מֵעִם 2Sam 3:28; Job 34:33), Job 4:17 shall man be just מֵאֱלֹהַּ at God's hands ? (|| מֵעשֵֹׁהוּ), Jer 51:5b (Ges Gf.); so in ׳חָלִילָה לִי מי.
  e. of the immediate, or efficient, cause (chiefly in poetry), in consequence of, at by (compare Greek ἀπό, as Hd. 2:54 ζήησιν ἀπὸ σφέων γενέσθαι):
   (a) the cause, a person Gen 19:36 + הָֽרְתָה מן to be pregnant by, Gen 49:25; 1Sam 31:3 וַיָּחֶל מֵהַמּוֺרִים was in anguish from the archers, Hos 7:4 בֹּעֵ֫רָה מֵאֹפֶה (ni בֹּעֵר הֵם leg.: see We), Ps 18:9; Nah 1:5 הרים רעשׁו ממנו, Dan 11:31 (accents); with passive verb, Nah 1:6 הצורים נִתְּצוּ ממנו, Ps 37:23 (compare Prov 20:24 d), Job 24:1; Eccl 12:11; Dan 8:11.
   (b) the cause, a thing, Gen 49:24 his arms were agile מידי אביר יעקב from the hands, etc., Isa 6:4 the thresholds shook מִקּוֺל הַקּוֺרֵא (so מקול elsewhere, as Isa 30:31; Isa 33:3; Jer 8:16), Jer 28:7 תָעוּ מִןהַֿשֵּׁכָר (|| ב), Jer 31:4; Jer 31:9; Jer 10:10; Ezek 19:10 became fruitful מִמַּיִם רַבִּים, Ezek 31:5; Job 4:9 מִנִּשְׁמַת אֱלוֺהַּ יאֹבֵדוּ at the breath of God, Job 14:9 מֵרֵיחַ מַיִם יַפְרִחַ, Job 31:23; Job 39:26 הֲמִבִּינָָֽתְךָ יַאֲבֶרנֵֿץ Ps 39:11; Ps 73:19 סָפוּ תַּמּוּ מִןבַּֿלָּהוֺת, Ps 78:65 מִתְרוֺנֵן מִיַּיִן, Ps 104:15 להצהיל פנים משׁמן from oil, Ps 107:39, compare Job 7:14 (|| ב); so with ׳מִגַּעֲרַת י at J.'s rebuke, Job 18:16; Job 76:7 +; with a passive verb, Gen 9:11 to be cut off מִמֵּי הַמַּבּוּל, 2Sam 7:29 וּמִכִּכָֽתְךָ יְבֹרַח, Isa 28:7 נבלעו מןהֿיין are undone through wine (Isa 22:3 is dubious: see 1 b), Obad 1:9; Job 28:4 הַנִּשְׁכָּחִים מִנִּי רָ֑גֶל; compare Isa 34:3; Hos 6:8.
   (c) with verbs of fearing, to express the source of the emotion, as ירא Ps 3:7 + often (also with מִפְּנֵי), פָּחַד Ps 27:1, נִבְהַל Ezek 26:18, גּוּר Deut 18:22; Job 41:17; Esth 5:9 ולאקֿם ולא זָע ממנו; with בּוֺשׁ to be disconcerted or disappointed, to express the source of the disappointment, Isa 1:29 + often; with שָׂמֵחַ Prov 5:18; Eccl 2:10. feminine of the remoter cause, the ultimate ground on account of which something happens or is done. (
N.B. The line between e and f is not always clearly defined): Exod 2:23 they sighed מןהֿעבדה on account of the bondage, Exod 6:9; Exod 15:23; Deut 7:7 not מֵרֻבְּכֶם through, by reason of, your numbers did J. set his love upon you, Josh 22:24 to do a thing מִדְּאָנָה out of carefulness, 2Sam 23:4 מִנֹּגַהּ, 1Kgs 14:4; Isa 53:5 wounded מִפְּשָׁעֵינוּ on account of our transgressions, bruised מֵעֲוֺנוֺתֵינוּ, vIsa 53:8; Job 4:19; Obad 1:10; Hab 2:17; Ps 6:8 עשׁשׁה עיני מִכַּעַס from vexation (compare Job 17:7: Ps 31:10 ׳ב), Ps 31:12; Ps 38:19 I am concerned on account of my sin, Prov 20:4 מֵחֹרֶף עצל לא יחרשׁ by reason of the winter, Job 22:4 הֲמִיִּרְאָ֑תְךָ יֹכִיחֶ֑ךָ on account of thy fear of him? Song 3:8; Ruth 1:13 כִּימַֿרלִֿי מְאֹד מִכֶּם because of you: see also Deut 28:34; Deut 28:67; Deut 32:19; Judg 2:18; Isa 65:14; Jer 12:4; Jer 24:2 מֵרֹעַ, Jer 50:13; Jer 51:5 b (Ew Ke), Ezek 7:27 (but read probably with ᵐ5 ᵑ6 ᵑ9 Co כְּדרכם), Ezek 16:61; Ezek 35:11 (AV out of), Ezek 45:20; Mic 2:12; Mic 7:13; Ps 5:11; Ps 12:6; Ps 107:17; Ps 119:53; Gen 49:12 red of eyes מִיָּ֑יִן, and white of teeth מֵחָלָב. Often also in מֵרֹב from the abundance of, absolute for abundance, with many different verbs, as Gen 16:10 לֹא יִסָּפֵר מֵרֹב Josh 9:13; 1Sam 1:16, etc. Similarly in מֵאֵין, מִבְּלִי, מִבִּלְתִּי (pp. 35, 115, 117); and before an infinitive (7 a), and in מֵאֲשֶׁר (p. 84).
  g. the cause being conceived as regulative, מן occasionally approaches in sense to according to (compare Latin ex more, ex lege), Jonah 3:7 proclaimed in Nineveh מטעם המלך וגדליו at, by, in accordance with, the decree of the king (compare Aramaic Ezra 6:14; Dan 2:8): so Job 39:26 (2 e
   (b)) according to Ges Hi.

3. Partitively (a sense connecting with 2 a
   (c), above): —
  a. Gen 6:19 שְׁנַיִם מִכֹּל two out of, from, all, Gen 7:8; Gen 39:11 אישׁ מן ֗֗֗ a man (or one) of . . . (so Num 25:6; Num 1:28 +, אנשׁים מן ֗֗֗ Num 16:2; Josh 2:2 +, 2Kgs 2:7, etc.); Gen 42:16 send מִכֶּם אֶחָד Lev 1:2a Lev 17:12 כלנֿפשׁ מִכֶּם, Lev 19:34; Lev 26:8, Judg 8:14 נַעַר מֵאַנְשֵׁי סֻכּוֺת, 1Sam 22:8, etc.; Judg 14:19; 2Kgs 2:24; Isa 66:19 אֶחָד מִן ֗֗֗ 1Sam 16:18 +, אַחַד מִן ֗֗֗ (Ges«GKC:130»§ 130, 1) Deut 25:5 +; אַחַת מֵהֵ֫נָּה Ps 34:21; Isa 34:16 מִי מִן ֗֗֗ Job 5:1; Isa 50:1, אֵין מִן ֗֗֗ 1Sam 14:39; Isa 51:18; Isa 21:11 מהֿ מלילה how much of the night? 2Chr 31:3 וּמְנָת הַמֶּלָח מִןרְֿכוּשׁוֺ.
  b. the number being omitted, מִן is used indefinitely: —
   (a) = some of, — as subject Exod 16:27 יצאו מןהֿעם there went out (some) of the people, Lev 25:49; 2Sam 11:17; 2Sam 11:24, especially in late Hebrew Ezra 2:68; Ezra 2:70; Ezra 7:7; Neh 11:4; Neh 11:25; 1Chr 4:42; 1Chr 9:30; 1Chr 9:32; 2Chr 17:11; 2Chr 32:21; Dan 11:35 more frequently as object, especially with לקח, Gen 4:3 וַיָּבֵא מִפְּרִי האדמה brought of the fruit of the ground, Gen 30:14 give me מִדּוּדָאֵי בְנֵךְ (some) of thy son's love-apples, Gen 33:15; Exod 12:7; Exod 17:5; Lev 18:30; Lev 20:2; Num 11:17; Num 13:23; 1Kgs 12:4; Isa 39:7; Isa 47:13; Amos 2:11; Dan 8:10 +, Song 1:2 ישׁקני מִנְּשִׁיקוֺת פִּיו let him kiss me (with) some of the kisses etc., Ps 72:15; Ps 137:3 מִשִּׁיר צִיּוֺן (some) of the songs of Zion, Job 11:6 (Ges RVm) + often; in late Hebrew note also יֵשׁ מִן ֗֗֗ there are some of . . . Neh 5:5 מֵהֶם ֗֗֗ מֵהֶם ֗֗֗ some. . . others. . . 1Chr 9:28f. (as in Aramaic Dan 2:33, and PS2155); מִקְצָת ֗֗֗ some of. . . (as in Late Hebrew) Dan 1:2; Neh 7:69.
   (b) to designate an individual (rare), Gen 28:11 and he took מֵאַבְנֵי הַמָּקוֺם (one) of the stones of the place (see vGen 28:18), Exod 6:25 מבּנות פוטיאל (one) of the daughters of P., Ezek 17:5; Ezek 17:13; Neh 13:28; Ps 132:11 as subject Lev 25:33; Dan 11:5 the king of the south שָׂרָיו וּמִןֿ and (one) of his captains, vDan 11:7, compare Jer 41:1; Esth 4:5; 2Chr 26:11; Ruth 2:20 מִגֹּאֲלֵנוּ הוא he is (one) of our kinsmen, Exod 2:6.
   (c) in a negative or hypothetical sentence (whether subject or object) = any, aught, Deut 16:4 ולא ילין מןהֿבשׂר and there shall not remain any of the flesh, 1Kgs 18:5 ולא נכרית מןהֿבהמה and we shall not destroy any of the beasts, 2Kgs 10:10 (compare Josh 21:43; Josh 23:14; 1Sam 3:19; 1Kgs 8:56; Esth 6:10), vEsth 6:23 ׳פֶּןיֶֿשׁפֹּֿה מֵעַבְדֵי י Job 27:6 לֹא יֶחֱרַף לְבָבִי מִיָּמָ֑י my heart reproacheth not one of my days: with אִם, etc. Exod 29:34; Lev 4:2a (compare vLev 4:22 vLev 4:27), Lev 11:32 (מהם), vLev 11:33 vLev 11:35 vLev 11:37-39; Lev 18:29; Lev 25:25; Num 5:6 מִכֹּל anything whatever, Lev 5:24; Lev 11:34 compare 1Sam 23:23 (?).
   (d) peculiarly, with a noun of unity, especially אֶחָד, to express forcibly the idea of a single one: Deut 15:7 if there be a poor man in thy midst, מֵאַחַר אַחֶיךָ any one of thy brethren, Lev 4:2b if he doeth מֵאַחַת מֵהֵ֫נָּה any one of these things, Lev 5:13; Ezek 18:10 מֵאַחַד מֵאֵלֶּה וְעָשָׂה אָח (where אח is a vox nihili) and doeth aught of these things; 1Sam 14:45 if there shall fall מִשַּׂעֲרַת ראֹשׁוֺ אַרְצָה a single hair of his head to the ground! (for שְׂעָרָה as a noun of individual meaning see Ges«GKC:122t»§ 122t Dr), compare 2Sam 14:11; 1Kgs 1:52. (Probably a rhetorical application of the partitive sense, though the explanation 'starting from one' = 'even one' would also be possible. is used similarly after negative and interrogative particles, not merely with collective nouns, as nought have they of knowledge (Qor 18:4), but also with nouns of unity, as Qor 3:55 Ye have not aught of (= any) god, except Him; 19:19 dost thou perceive even one of them? 6:59 there falleth not even a single leaf (noun of individual meaning) without His knowing it. See further Thes, and WAG. ii. § 48 f. b),
   (e) (rare) specifying the objects, or elements, of which a genus consists (the Arabic , min of explication, WAG. ii. § 48 g): Gen 6:2 אשׁר בחרו מכל consisting of all whom they chose, Gen 7:22; Gen 9:10; Lev 11:32 (מכל), 1Chr 5:18; Jer 40:7 (מאשׁר); Jer 44:28 and they shall know דְּבַרמִֿי יָקוּם מִמֶּנִּי וּמֵהֶם whose word shall stand, consisting of me and of them (defining the genus embraced by ׃מי compare both (of them), Abel as well as Cain, and Qor 3:193: Wl.c.). — On מֵאַיִן Jer 10:6; Jer 10:7, see אַיִן near the end.

4. of time — namely
  a. as marking the terminus a quo, the anterior limit of a continuous period, from, since Deut 9:24 מִיּוֺם דַּעְתִּי אֶתְכֶם from the day of my (first) knowing you (so 1Sam 7:2; 1Sam 8:8 + ); 1Sam 18:9 מהיום ההוא וָהָֽלְאָה from that day and onwards, simil. Lev 22:27; Num 15:23; Ezek 39:22; Isa 18:2; Isa 18:7 (where מִןהֿוּא = מֵאֲשֶׁר הוּא; compare Nah 2:9 מִימֵי הִיא = מִימֵי אֲשֶׁר הִיא); מהיום ההוא וָמָֽעְלָה 1Sam 16:13; 1Sam 30:25 (Hag 2:15; Hag 2:18 apparently of time backwards); מֵאָז from the time of . . . .; מִןהַֿבֶּטֶן from the womb Judg 13:5; Judg 13:7, מִבֶּטֶן אִמִּי Judg 16:17 +; מִימֵי ֗֗֗ Hos 10:9; Isa 23:7; Jer 36:2 +; מִיָּמֶיךָ idiomatic = since thou wast born 1Sam 25:28; 1Kgs 1:6 (מִיָּמָיו), Job 38:12 מִקֶּדֶם from antiquity Hab 1:12; Ps 74:12; Isa 42:14 הֶחֱשֵׁיתִי מֵעוֺלָם I have been silent since old time; מֵעַתָּה from now, hence-forth Jer 3:4 +, מִיּוֺם from to-day Jer 43:13; Ezek 48:35, מןהֿיום הזה Hag 2:19. See also 5 c, 7 c. compare Exod 33:6 מֵהַר חוֺרֵב from Horeb, Hos 13:4 I am ׳י thy God מֵאֶרֶץ מִצְרַיִם.
  b. as marking the period immediately succeeding the limit, after: Gen 38:24 כְּמִשְׁלשׁ חֳדָשִׁים after about three months it was told Judah, מִיָּמִים רַבִּים Josh 23:1; Ezek 38:8, מִיָּמִים after (some) days, Judg 11:4; Judg 14:8; Judg 15:1, מִיֹּמַיִם after two days Hos 6:2 מֵרֹב יָמִים Isa 24:22: more frequently with קֵץ or קָצֶה, Gen 4:3 מִקֵּץ יָמִים, Gen 8:3; Josh 3:2 + often; Deut 14:28 מִקְצֵה שָׁלשׁ שָׁנִים, Deut 15:1 שָׁנִים מִקְצֵה שֶׁבַע (by which is meant not the actual end of the three or seven years, but the period when the third or seventh year has arrived); מִמָּחֳרָת after the morrow (had arrived) = on the morrow, Gen 19:34 + often; מֵהַבֹּקֶר 2Sam 2:27. — 2Sam 23:4 מִמָּטָר; Isa 53:11 מֵעֲמַל נַפְשׁוֺ; perhaps Isa 29:18 (Kö581). compare 2Sam 20:5 and he delayed מןהֿמועד beyond the appointed time.
  c. in such phrases, however, מִן sometimes (compare 1 c) loses its significance: thus מֵאָז 2Sam 15:34; Isa 16:13 not from former time, but in former time, formerly, Gen 6:4 הַגִּבּוֺרִים אֲשֶׁר מֵעוֺלָם which were of old, Josh 24:2 dwelt of old, Ps 77:6 days מִקֶּדֶם aforetime, מֵאַחֲרֵי Deut 29:21 (p. 30). — מִקָּרוֺב literally from near, i.e. recently Deut 32:17, of short duration Job 20:5, shortly Ezek 7:8 at hand (in a local sense, 1 c) Jer 23:23.

5. (וְעַד) מִן ֗֗֗ עַד from . . . even, to : very oft .: —
  a. in geography or local sense, Gen 10:19; Gen 15:18 מנהר מצרים עד הנהר הגדול, Gen 25:18; Exod 23:31; Deut 2:36; 1Sam 3:20; 2Sam 5:25; Jer 31:38; Ps 72:8 + often; so with מִלְּבוֺא 1Kgs 8:65 (2Chr 7:8), 2Kgs 14:25; Amos 6:14; Deut 13:8 מִקְצֵה הָאָרֶץ וְעַד קְצֵה הָאָרֶץ, Deut 28:64; Jer 12:12; Gen 47:21 מִקְצֵה גְּבוּלמִֿצְרַיִם וְעַדקָֿצֵהוּ, 1Kgs 6:24; 1Kgs 7:23 שְׂפָתוֺ מִשְּׂפָתוֺ וְעַד; Lev 13:12 מראשׁו ועד רגליו, Deut 28:35 ועד קדקדך מכף רגלך (similarly 2Sam 14:25; Job 2:7; Isa 1:6). compare 1Sam 9:2 מִשִּׁכְמוֺ וָמַ֫עְלָה, 2Sam 5:9; Josh 15:46.
  b. metaphor not of actual space, but of classes of objects, to express idiomatically the idea ofcomprehension, so that the two prepositions may be often represented by both . . . and: Gen 19:4 מִנַּעַר וְעַדזָֿקֵן from young to old (i.e. both included) = both young and old, vGen 19:11; 1Sam 5:9 + מִקָּטֹן וְעַדגָּֿדוֺל = both great and small, Jer 6:13 מִקְּטַנָּם וְעַדגְּֿדוֺלָם from the least of them even to the greatest of them, ib. וְעַדכֹּֿהֵן מִנָּבִיא from the prophet even to the priest every one dealeth falsely, Exod 9:25 + מאדם ועד בהמה both man and beast, Exod 11:5 מבכור פרעהע֗֗֗ד ׳בכור השׁפחה וגו, Exod 13:15; Num 6:4; Deut 29:10 עד שֹׁאב מימיך מחֹטב עציך, Josh 8:25 + מאישׁ ועד אשׁה, 1Sam 15:3 (4 pairs), 1Sam 22:19; 1Kgs 5:13; 2Kgs 17:9 = 2Kgs 18:8, Isa 10:18 מנפשׁ ועד בשׂר = both soul and body, Jer 9:9 after a word implying a negative = either . . . or Gen 14:23; Gen 31:24; Gen 31:29 מטוב עד רע either good or evil. The עַד may be repeated, if required: Gen 6:7 עדבֿהמה עד רמשׂ ועדעֿוף השׁמים מאדם (so Gen 7:23), Exod 22:3; Josh 6:21; Judg 15:5 מִגָּדִישׁ וְעַדקָֿמָה וְעַדכֶּֿרֶם זָ֑יִת, Judg 20:48; 1Sam 30:19: without מן, Lev 11:42; Num 8:4. Similar is the use of מן in the idiom (וָמָֽטָּה) מִבֶּןשָׁ֗֗֗נָה וָמָֽעְלָה (also וְעַדבֶּֿן ֗֗֗ שָׁנָה); and compare 2Kgs 3:21
  c. of time, Gen 46:34 מִנְּעֻרֵינוּ וְעַד עַתָּה from our youth even until now, 1Sam 12:2; Jer 3:25; Num 14:19; Exod 10:6; Exod 18:13 מןהֿבֹקר עדהֿערב, 1Sam 30:17; 1Kgs 18:26; Isa 9:6; Ps 90:2 + often: with two inff. Hos 7:4: and implying intervals (not duration) Ezek 4:10; Ezek 4:11 (compare with לְ Esth 3:7 (twice in verse)).
  d. there occur further (1) מִן ֗֗֗ אֶלֿ, Josh 15:21; Exod 26:28 = Exod 36:33 מִןהַֿקָּצֶה אֶלהַֿקָּצֶה from end to end, Ezek 40:23; Ezek 40:27; Ezra 9:11 מִפֶּהאֶֿלפֶּֿה; Ps 144:13 מִזַּן אֶל זַן from kind to kind = kinds of every sort; with a verb of motion, Jer 48:11; Ps 105:13; 1Chr 17:5, and expressing a climax, Ps 84:8 יֵָֽלְכוּ מֵחַיִל אֶלחַֿיִל, Jer 9:2 (compare Rom 1:17): of time, מיוםאֿליֿום Num 30:15, compare 1Chr 16:23 (|| Ps 96:2 לְ); implying intervals, מֵעֵת אֶלעֵֿת 1Chr 9:25. (2) מִן ֗֗֗ לְ Exod 32:27; Ezek 40:13; Zech 14:10: of time Ps 96:2; Job 4:20: with intervals, 2Sam 14:26. (3) מִן ֗֗֗ הָ֯ Num 34:10; Ezek 6:14 מִמִּדְבָּר רִבְלָ֫תָה (so Ges Ew Hi etc.) from the wilderness to Riblah, Ezek 21:3; Ezek 25:13 מִתֵּימָן וּדְדָ֫נֶה (Co Kö Berthol); without ָ֯ 1Kgs 5:1. And of time in the phrase (implying intervals) מִיָּמִים יָמִ֫ימָה Exod 13:10 + 4 t.

6. In comparisons, beyond, above, hence in English than: so constantly: namely
  a. when an object is compared with another distinct from itself, Judg 14:18 מַהמָּֿתוֺק מִדְּבַשׁ what is sweet away from, beyond in excess of, honey ? i.e. in our idiom, what is sweeter than honey ? Lev 21:10 הַכֹּהֵן הַגָּדוֺל מֵאֶחָיו the priest that is great above his brethren, Num 14:12; Ezek 28:3 חָכָם מִדָּנִאֵל wiser than Daniel, Ps 119:72 + very often; Hos 2:9 כִּי טוֺב לִי אָז מֵעָ֑תָּה; with an infinitive (sometimes with לְ) as subject, Gen 29:10 ׳טוֺב תִּתִּי אֹתָהּ לְךָ מִתִּתִּי אֹתָהּ וגו better is my giving her to thee than my giving her to another, Exod 14:12; 1Sam 15:22; Prov 21:9; Prov 21:19; Prov 25:7; Ps 118:8; Ps 118:9 +; with verbs, Gen 19:9 עתה נָרַע לְךָ מֵהֶם now we will harm thee beyond them, more than them, Gen 25:23 לְאֹם מִלְאֹם יֶאֱמַץ, Gen 26:16; Gen 29:30 אתרֿחל מִלֵּאָה ויאהב גםֿ, Gen 38:26 צָֽדְקָה מִמֶּנִּי, Gen 48:19 יִגְדַּל מִמֶּנּוּ, Judg 2:19 השׁחיתו מאבותם they have done corruptly more than their fathers, 1Sam 2:29; 2Sam 20:6; 1Kgs 1:37; 1Kgs 14:9; Jer 5:3; Ezek 5:6 + often; = in, preference to, above, Ps 45:8; Ps 52:5 (twice in verse); Hos 6:6; Hab 2:16, after בחר Jer 8:3; Job 7:15; Job 36:21; Ps 84:11 (מִדּוּר) +: note also נֹפֵל מִן Job 12:3; Job 13:2 = inferior to (Ew Ges and others Hi; al. De); שֹׁנֶה מִן different from Esth 1:7; Esth 3:8.
  b. when an object is compared with a group or multitude of which it forms one, especially with מִכֹּל, Gen 3:1 מִכֹּל חַיַּת הַשָּׂדֶה עָרוּם subtil out of all beasts of the field, or beyond, above all (other) beasts, vGen 3:14 cursed above all cattle (but without implying any judgment whether other cattle are cursed likewise), Gen 37:3 Israel loved Joseph מִכָּלבָּֿנָיו out of all his sons, or above all his (other) sons, Deut 7:7; Deut 33:24 בָּרוּךְ מִבָּנִים אָשֵׁר blessed above sons be Asher, Judg 5:24 תְּבֹרַח מִנָּשִׁים blessed above women be Jael, 1Sam 9:2b 1Sam 15:33 כֵּן תִּשְׁכַּל מִנָּשִׁים אִמֶּ֑ךָ, 1Sam 18:30; Jer 17:9 עָקֹב מִכֹּל deceitful above all things, Ps 45:3; Song 5:10 דָּגוּל מֵרְבָבָה (compare בָּחַר מִן above 2 a c: ex in eximius, egregius; Iliad 18:431 ὅς σ’, ἐμοὶ ἐκ πάσεων Κρονίδης Ζεὺς ἄλγἐ ἔδωκεν, 3:227 ἔξοχος Ἀργείων . . . κεφαλήν).
  c. sometimes in poetry the idea on which מן is logically dependent, is unexpressed, and must be understood by the reader, Isa 10:10 ופסיליהם מירושׁלם and their idols are (more) than (those of) Jerusalem, Mic 7:4 יָשָׁר מִמְּסוּכָה the uprightest is (sharper) than a thorn-hedge (but We from), Job 11:7; Job 28:18; Ps 4:8 מֵעֵת beyond (that of) the time when etc. Eccl 4:17; Eccl 9:17 compare Ezek 15:2.
  d. מן not unfrequently expresses the idea of a thing being too much for a person, or surpassing his powers: Gen 18:14 דָּבָר הֲיִפָּלֵא ׳מי can a thing be too hard for J.? (so Deut 17:8 +; compare Ps 131:1; Ps 139:6 + ), Ps 32:11 קָטֹנְתִּי מִן, Deut 14:24 כִּי יִרְבֶּה מִמְּךָ הַדֶּרֶךְ = is too great for thee (1Kgs 19:7), 1Kgs 32:47 רֵק מִכֶּם: so with עָצַם Gen 26:16, כָּבֵד be too heavy for Exod 18:18; Ps 38:5, מָךְ Lev 27:8 (too poor to pay), קָשָׁה Deut 1:7, צַר be too narrow for, 2Kgs 6:1; Isa 49:19, קצר Isa 50:2, אָמַץ Ps 18:18, ירום נמני is too high for me Ps 61:3, גָּבַר Ps 65:4 ַ˜המְעַט מִמְּךָ Job 15:11 too little for thee ? ַ˜המְעַט מִכֶּם Num 16:9; Isa 7:13; Ezek 34:18 (see מְעַט; also on Ezek 16:20); often with an infinitive, as Gen 4:13 גָּדוֺל עֲוֺנִי מִנְּשׂוֺא is greater than I can bear, Gen 30:7 their substance was רַב מִשֶּׁבֶת יַחְדָּו literally great beyond dwelling together = too great for (their) dwelling together, Exod 12:4; Judg 7:2 מִתִּתִּי רַב = too great for me to give, 1Sam 25:17b 1Kgs 8:64 רַב מֵהָכִיל, Isa 28:20; Isa 33:19; Isa 59:1; Hab 1:13; Ps 40:6; Ruth 1:12: note especially רַב מִן it is more than that . . . (= there is enough of), Exod 9:28; 1Kgs 12:28, followed by substantive Ezek 44:6 (see רַב); and Isa 49:6 נָקֵל מִהְיוֺתְךָ לִי ׳עֶבֶד לְהָקִים וגו too light for thy being my servant was it to raise up, etc., Ezek 8:17 ׳הֲנָקֵל לְבֵית יִשְׂר ׳מֵעֲשׂוֺת וגו was it too trifling to the house of Israel for the doing etc. (less than the doing etc. deserved) ? (but ? read עֲשׂוֺת on analogue of 1Kgs 16:31).

7. מן is prefixed to an infin.:
  a. with a causal force (rare), from, on account of, through (compare 2 f): Deut 7:7; Deut 7:8 אֶתְכֶם ׳מֵאַהֲבַת י through J.'s loving you = because J. loved you, Deut 9:28 (compare Deut 1:27 בְּ) 2Sam 3:11 מִיִּרְאָתוֺ אֹתוֺ = because he feared him, Isa 48:4 מִדַּעְתִּי ֗֗֗ = because I knew. . . So in מִבְּלִי ֗֗֗ , מִבִּלְתִּי.
  b. after verbs implying restraint, prevention, cessation, etc., as מִלֶּדֶת עֲצָרַנִי Gen 16:2 hath restrained me from bearing, וַתַּעֲמֹד מִלֶּדֶת Gen 29:35; Gen 30:9: so with חשׂך Gen 20:6 +, חדל + Exod 23:5 +, כִּלָּה + Exod 34:33 +, נִכְלָא Exod 36:6, מָנַע 1Sam 25:26 +, שׁבת Jer 31:36 +, יָרֵא מֵהַבִּיט Exod 3:6 +, שִׁמְרוּ מִןהַֿחֵרֶם Josh 6:18; 2Chr 25:13 הֵשִׁיב מִלֶּכֶת. Especially
   (a) after similar verbs, expressing concisely a negative consequence, literally away from . . ., i.e. so as not to, so that not: Gen 23:6 b Gen 27:1 Jacob's eyes were dim, ֵ˜מרְאֹת away from seeing = so that he could not see, Gen 31:29 נִשְׁמַר מִן (|| vGen 31:24 פֶּן), Exod 14:5; Lev 26:13; Num 32:7; Deut 28:55 (his eye shall be envious etc.) מִתֵּת from giving = so that he will not give, Judg 6:27; Judg 1:31; Judg 7:8 do not be silent from us מִזְּעֹק so as not to call (compare 1Kgs 22:3), 1Sam 8:7 me have they rejected מִמְּלֹךְ עליהם, 1Sam 16:1 (Hos 4:6), 2Sam 14:11 (read מֵהַרְבּוֺת), Isa 5:6; Isa 8:11; Isa 21:3; Isa 23:1 is destroyed מִבּוֺא so that none can enter in, Isa 24:10; Isa 33:15; Isa 44:18; Isa 49:15; Isa 54:9; Isa 56:6; Isa 58:13; Jer 10:14 נִבְעַר ֗֗֗ מִדַּעַת is stupefied so that he has no knowledge, Jer 13:14; Jer 33:21; Jer 33:24; Jer 33:26; Ezek 20:17; Mic 3:6; Zech 7:11; Zech 7:12; Ps 30:4 Qr, Ps 39:2; Ps 69:24; Ps 102:5 (after שָׁכַח, peculiarly), Ps 106:23; Lam 3:44; Lam 4:18; Job 34:30a 2Chr 36:13. So in חָלִילָהלִֿי מֵעֲשׂוֺת that I should not do Gen 44:17 +.
   (b) still more concisely, especially in poetry, with a noun alone: 1Sam 15:23 has rejected thee מִמֶּלֶךְ from (being) king (1Sam 15:26 מֶלֶךְ מִהְיוֺת), Lev 26:43 מֵהֶם, Isa 7:8 יֵחַת מֵעָם shall be shattered from (being) a people, that it be no more a people, Isa 17:1 מוּסָר מֵעִיר, Isa 25:2b; Isa 52:14 מֵאִישׁ מַרְאֵהוּ כֵּן מִשְׁחַת marred away from (being) a man('s), Jer 2:25 מִיָּחֵף, Jer 17:16 מֵרֹעֶה, Jer 48:2 וְנַכְרִיתֶנָּה מִגּוֺי, vJer 48:42 מֵעָם, Ps 8:6 hast made him lack but little מאלהים ut non esset Deus, Ps 83:5 מִגּוֺי, Prov 30:2 אָנֹכִי מֵאִישׁ בַּעַר too boorish to be a man: compare Dan 4:13; 1Kgs 15:13 וַיְסִרֶהָ מִגְּבִירָה removed her from (being) queen-mother, Ezek 16:41 וִהִשְׁבַּתִּיךְ מִזּוֺנָה; and even to express absolutely the non-existence of a thing not named in the principal clause, as Isa 23:1 שֻׁדַּד מִבַּיִת כִּי so that there is no house, Ezek 12:19 (Ezek 32:15), Ezek 25:9 מֵהֶעָרִים, Hos 9:11 (3 t. in verse); Hos 9:12; Mic 3:6; Hag 1:10 מִטָּ֑ל, Zech 7:14; Zech 9:8; Ps 39:3; Ps 49:15 מִזְּבֻללֿוֺ so that it has no dwelling, Ps 52:7 יִסָּֽחֲךָ מֵאֹהֶל pluck thee up tentless, Ps 109:24 is lean מִשָּׁ֑מֶן so that there is no fatness, Job 28:11; Job 33:21; Job 34:30b. Oft. strengthened by pleonastic אֵין or בְּלִי, as מֵאֵין יוֺשֵׁב Isa 5:9, מִבְּלִי יוֺשֵׁב see pp. 35:a, 115:b. compare Köiii. 592 ff.
  c. with a temporal force, since, after (compare 4), chiefly late: Num 24:23 מִשֻּׂמוֺ אֵל after God's establishing him, Isa 44:7 מִשֻּׂמִי עַם עֿוֺלָם since I appointed the ancient people, Hos 7:4; Hag 2:16 (?) Ruth 2:18; Neh 5:14; 1Chr 8:8 מִןשִֿׁלְחוֺ אוֺתָם (compare 1Chr 6:16) 2Chr 31:10; Dan 11:23; Dan 12:1 (compare Dan 9:25), Ps 73:20 כַּחֲלוֺם מֵהָקִיץ after (one's) awaking, Job 20:4.

8. Once Deut 33:11 as a conjunction before a finite verb. Smite . . . his haters מִןיְֿקוּמוּן that they rise not again, in poetry for מִקּוּם (7 b): compare Dr§ 41. — On מֵאֲשֵׁר adverb and conjunction.

9. In compounds: —
  a. מֵאַחֲרֵי, מֵאֵת, מִבֵּין, מִבַּלְעֲדֵי, מִבַּ֫עַד, מִלְּ (common in Late Hebrew,
**for מִלְּ in Mishna see e.g. Babylonian Mez 7:10; Kil 8:1; Ter 8:11; Pes 1:6; Taan 2:7; Yeb 8:2; Eccl 4:17 מִלַּעֲשׂוֺת (have no knowledge so as not to do evil) is read by Siegf Wild; especially before infinitive; in O.T. only in מִלְּבַד, מִלְּבוֺא (above 5 a), מִלְמַ֫עְלָה, מִלְמַ֫טָּה, מִלְּעֻמַּת, מִלְּפָנִים, מִלִּפְנֵי, and, si vera lectio, מִלְמַעֲלֵה הֶחָ֑רֶס Judg 8:13, see מַעֲלֶה), מִנֶּגֶד, מֵעַל, מֵעִם, מִתַּ֫חַת; see אַחֲרֵי, אֵת, etc.
  b. לְמִן (לְמִנִּי Mic 7:12 (twice in verse)), with לְ pleonastic, from = מִן, but used almost exclusively of the terminus a quo, whether of space or time (compare מִן
5.); — (I) of space, Deut 4:32; Judg 20:1 לְמִדַּן וְעַדבְּֿאֵר שֶׁבַע, Mic 7:12.Mic 7:12 (both לְמִנִּי), Zech 14:10; 1Chr 5:9 לְמֵרָחוֺק from afar Job 36:3; Job 39:29 (on Ezra 3:13; 2Chr 26:15, see below עַד לְ); לְמִתַּחַת לְ = underneath 1Kgs 7:32. Idiomatic, especially followed by וְעַד, to denote comprehensively an entire class, לְמֵאִישׁ וְעַד בְּהֵמָה Exod 11:7; Jer 51:62 (לְמֵאָדָם), לְמֵאִישׁ וְעַד אִשָּׁה 2Sam 6:19; 2Chr 15:13, לְמִקָּטֹן וְעַד גָּדוֺל 2Kgs 23:2; Jer 42:8, simil. 2Chr 15:13; Jer 31:34; Esth 1:5; Esth 1:20, לְמֵרָע וְעַדטֿוֺב 2Sam 13:22, וּלְמָ֑טָּה לְמִבֶּן עֶשְׂרִים שָׁנָה 1Chr 27:23, compare 2Chr 25:5. — On לְמִבֵּית Num 18:7. (2) of time (often following by עַד), לְמִן הַיּוֺם אֲשֶׁר ֗֗֗ from the day when . . ., Deut 4:32; Deut 9:7; 2Sam 7:11 (|| 1Chr 17:10 וּלְמִיָּמִים אֲשֶׁר) Jer 7:25; Jer 32:31; Hag 2:18 לְמִקְצָת הַיָּמִים אֲשֶׁר ֗֗֗ Dan 1:18 לְמִן הַיּוֺם followed by infinitive (in apposition) Exod 9:18; 2Sam 19:25 לְמִיּוֺם followed by infinitive (genitive) Judg 19:30; 2Sam 7:6; Isa 7:17 לְמִימֵי ֗֗֗ 2Kgs 19:25 (|| Isa 37:26 מימי) Mal 3:7 עולם ועד עולם למןֿ Jer 7:7; Jer 25:5 לְמֵרָחוֺק from afar = long before, 2Sam 7:19 = 1Chr 17:17; 2Kgs 19:25 = Isa 37:26.

מְנָאוֺת see מְנָת below מנה. below

[מַנְגִּינָה] see נגן.

BDB4724 H4480 H4482

BDB4723 | BIBLICAL HEBREW | BDB4725

II. מִנִּי, מִנֵּי see מִן. מִנִּי Ps 45:9 see I. [ מֵן].

מִנָיוֺת see מְנָת below מנה.

מִנְיָמִין, מִנְיָמִן see מִיָּמִן.

מִנְלָם see [ מִנְלֶה] below נלה.

BDB9670 H4481 H4480

BDB9669 | BIBLICAL ARAMAIC | BDB9671

מִן preposition from, out of, by, by reason of, at, more than (Biblical Hebrew and general Aramaic id.); — rarely assimilated, as in Hebrew, see Dan 6:5 מִצַּד, Ezra 5:11; Ezra 6:14 suffix מִנִּי, מִנָּךְ 3 masculine מִנֵּהּ, feminine מִנַּהּ Dan 2:42; Dan 7:24 3 masculine plural מִנְּהוֺן (so Palmyrene Tariff ii. a 34; Nabataean, Egyptian Aramaic מנהם, CookeNo. 89. 6, S-CPap. A 10) Dan 2:33 (twice in verse); Dan 2:41 (twice in verse); Dan 2:42 (twice in verse) Kt (Qr each time feminine מִנְּהֵן), Dan 6:3 (twice in verse); —

1. of place:
  a. from, Dan 4:10; Dan 4:11; Dan 4:28; Dan 7:4 +, מִן תַּמָּה Ezra 6:6 figurative on the side or part of (compare Biblical Hebrew 1 c) Dan 6:5 מִצַּד מַלְכוּתָא.
  b. out of, Dan 3:15; Dan 3:26; Dan 5:2; Dan 7:3, etc.
  c. (coming) from Dan 2:35, away from, Dan 2:45; Dan 4:11; Dan 4:22; Dan 4:28; Jer 10:11.
  d. to ask or exact of a person, Dan 2:16; Dan 2:49 +; Ezra 7:26 to deliver from Dan 6:21.
2. a. of the source (Biblical Hebrew 2 b), as to be fed from Dan 4:9 or author (ib. d), מִנִּי שִׂים טְעֵם = by me is a decree made, Dan 3:29; Dan 4:3 (Dan 6:27 מִןקֳֿדָמַי), Ezra 4:19 +, compare Ezra 5:17 מִנַּי = on my part Dan 2:5; Dan 2:8 (see אַזְדָּא).
  b. of the immediate cause, as a result of, by, Dan 4:22 (= ב v.Dan 4:12 v.Dan 4:20), v.Dan 4:30; Dan 5:21: so with a verb of fearing Dan 5:19.
  c. of the remoter cause, by reason of (Biblical Hebrew 2 f ), Dan 5:19 מִןרְֿבוּתָא, Dan 7:11 so מִןדִּֿי, see דִּי
3. d. of the norm (compare Biblical Hebrew 2 g) = at, according to, Ezra 6:14 ׳מִןטַֿעַם אֱלָהּ יִשׂ at the decree of, etc., Ezra 7:23; Dan 2:8 מִןיַֿצִּיב according to certainty, vDan 2:47 מִןקְֿשֹׁט.
3. partitively (Biblical Hebrew 3), Dan 6:3 חַד מִנְּהוֺן, Dan 7:8; Dan 7:16; Dan 2:25; Dan 5:13 (some) of Dan 2:41 מִןנִֿצְבְּתָא; מִנְּהוֺן מִ֗֗֗נְּהוֺן some . . . others of them Dan 2:33; Dan 2:41; Dan 2:42a; so vDan 2:42b מִ֗֗֗נַּהּ.
4. of time, from, Dan 2:20 (מִן ֗֗֗ וְעַד), Ezra 4:15; Ezra 4:19 see also אְדַיִן and דַּי
4.
5. in comparisons, different from Dan 7:3; Dan 7:7; Dan 7:19; Dan 7:23; Dan 7:24, beyond, more than Dan 2:30; Dan 2:39; Dan 6:30; Dan 7:20 end; Dan 4:13 לִבְבֵהּ מִןאֲֿנָשָׁא יְשַׁנּוֺן let his heart be changed away from man's (Biblical Hebrew 7 b b; Isa 52:14).
6. compounds: — see לְוָת, קֳדָס, [קַדְמָה], תְּחוֺת.

מְנֵא see מנה. below

of, from, than, for, thereof, …
min
properly, a part of; hence (prepositionally), from or out of in many senses
  • (prep) from, out of, on account of, off, on the side of, since, above, than, so that not, more than
    • from (expressing separation), off, on the side of
      • "out of
      • (with verbs of proceeding, removing, expelling)
        • "(of material from which something is made)"(of source or origin)
      out of, some of, from (partitively)"from, since, after (of time)"than, more than (in comparison)"from...even to, both...and, either...or"than, more than, too much for (in comparisons)"from, on account of, through, because (with infinitive)
    (conj) that

הַ שֶּׁ֕מֶן
הַ
Prefix — article the
שֶּׁ֕מֶן
Root word oil, ointment, olive, ointments, oiled, …
Dictionary form: שֶׁמֶן · sheh-MEN

Noun — Common, masculine singular, absolute state

In the KJV here: the oil
with oil ×42 oil ×39 of oil ×28 and oil ×13 the oil ×11 ointment ×6 and the oil ×4 and of oil ×3
More options
oil — Most common rendering; suits nearly every context.
olive oil — Clarifies source when commodity or culinary context is key.
ointment — Better for ritual or medicinal application on skin.
anointing oil — Prefer in priestly, consecration, or sacred-use contexts.
fat — Captures richness or abundance in figurative/poetic passages.
fatness — Poetic; conveys fertility or blessing of the land.

BDB8810 H8081

BDB8809 | BIBLICAL HEBREW | BDB8811

שֶׁ֫מֶן192 noun masculine 2Kgs 20:13 (on apparently feminine Song 1:3 compare AlbrZAW xvi (1896), 99, 106) fat, oil; — ׳שׁ absolute Gen 28:28 +, construct Lev 8:2 +; ׳שָׁ֑ 2Kgs 4:6 +; suffix שַׁמְנִי Hos 2:7 +, etc.; plural שְׁמָנִים Amos 6:6 +; suffix שְׁמָנֶיךָ Song 1:3, נַיִח- Song 4:10 —

1. fat, fatness: ׳קֶרֶן בֶּןשֿׁ Isa 5:1 (of fertile slope); plural גֵּיאשְֿׁמָנִים Isa 28:1; Isa 28:4 of food (in figurative) Isa 25:6 (twice in verse); literal כְּשָׂרִי כָּחַשׁ מִשָּׁ֑מֶן Ps 109:24 (compare צוֺם va), compare ׳מִפְּנֵי שׁ Isa 10:27 (in figurative, si vera lectio, meaning obscure; most now emend by conjecture; RSJPH xili (1885), 62 עָלָה מִצָּפוֺן שֹׁרֵד [see also II. חבל], joining to vIsa 10:28 Du Marti has gone up from Pene-Rimmon [??], compare Di-Kit).
2. a. oil, specifically olive-oil, as rich product Deut 8:8 + (see זַיִת); hence ׳עֵץ שׁ Isa 41:19 oil-tree, usually explained as wild olive, oleaster, so Neh 8:15 (|| וַיִת), ׳עֲצֵי שׁ oleaster-wood 1Kgs 6:23; 1Kgs 6:31; 1Kgs 6:32; 1Kgs 6:33 once הַמֹּר ׳שׁ Esth 2:2 (see מֹר p. 600:b; ׳מ also in holy anointing oil Exod 30:23).
  b. ׳שׁ as staple (codiment) Num 11:8 (J; see לשׁד), of value 1Kgs 17:12; 1Kgs 17:14; 1Kgs 17:16; 2Kgs 2:4; 2Kgs 2:6; 2Kgs 2:7 + 4 t.; symbol of plenty Deut 32:13; Deut 33:24; Job 29:6 ascribed (fassely) to gift of Baals Hos 2:7 as royal treasure 2Kgs 20:13 = Isa 39:2, compare 1Kgs 5:25 (כָּ תִית ׳שׁ, see ׳כ) = 2Chr 2:9; 2Chr 2:14 + 3 t.; tribute Hos 12:2, article of trade Ezek 27:17 odoriferous Prov 27:9; Song 1:3; Song 4:10, רוֺקֵחַ ׳שׁ Eccl 10:1, so (figurative) Song 1:3; Eccl 7:1; Prov 27:16 is corrupt, see Toy; sign of luxury Ezek 16:13; Prov 21:17, of prosperity Ezek 16:20.
  c. ׳שׁ as medicament Isa 1:6 as unguent, for shield 2Sam 1:21, person Amos 6:6; Mic 6:15; Deut 28:40; Ezek 16:9 Esther; Ps 92:11; Ps 104:15, not for mourner 2Sam 14:2 on head token of happiness Eccl 9:8, of hospitality, ראֹשִׁי ׳דִּפַּנְתָּ בַּפֹּ Ps 23:5 (figurative), in simile Ps 133:2; Ps 141:5.
  d. for anointing king, ׳פַּח הַשּׂ 1Sam 10:1; 2Kgs 9:1; 2Kgs 9:3, compare v2Kgs 9:6, with קֶרֶן 1Sam 16:1; 1Sam 16:13; 1Kgs 1:39 compare קָדְשִׁי מְשַׁחְתִּיו ׳בְּשׁ Ps 89:21.
  e. in various figs., of joy שָׂשׂוֺן ׳שׁ Isa 61:3; Ps 45:8 soft words Ps 55:22; Prov 5:3 as penetrating Prov 109:18 as clear, transparent Ezek 32:14. feminine used in primitive worship, poured on stone Gen 28:18 (E), Gen 35:14 (J).
  g. in later ritual: for anointing priests, tabernacle, altar utensils, etc. (P), made of various ingred., וַיִת ׳שׁ among them, Exod 30:24, הַמִּשְׁתָה ׳שׁ Exod 25:6; Lev 8:2; Lev 8:10; Lev 8:12 + 11 t.; מִשְׁחַתקֹֿדֶשׁ ׳שׁ Exod 30:25 (twice in verse) + 2 t.; ׳י ׳מ ׳שׁ Lev 10:7, אֱםהָיו ׳מ ׳שׁ Lev 21:12 ׳הקּ ׳שׁ Num 35:25 ׳שׁ alone Lev 14:10 + 12 t. Lev 14 for lighting Exod 25:6 + 6 t. + זַיִת זָח כָּ חִית ׳שׁ Exod 27:20; Lev 24:2 (see כָּ תִית); poured upon מִנְחָה Lev 2:1 + 5 t., compare Lev 5:11; Num 5:15 smeared (see מָשַׁח) upon wafers Exod 29:2; Lev 2:4 +, and cakes (or mixed in the making? compare בָּלַל) Exod 29:2; Lev 2:4; Lev 2:5 +, so ׳סֹלֶת בַּשׁ Lev 2:7 etc. (c. 45 t. in all), ׳חַלַּת לֶחֶם שׁ Exod 29:23; Lev 8:26.
  h. for use in temple 1Chr 9:29.
  i. for תְּרוּמָה in Ezekiel's temple Ezek 45:14 (twice in verse) + 7 t. 45, 46.
  j. efficacy denied Mic 6:7
  k. offered to idols Isa 57:9; Ezek 16:18; Ezek 16:19; Ezek 23:41. — See MacalisterHast. DB OIL ARSKEncy. Bib. OIL.

oil, ointment, olive, ointments, oiled, …
šemen
grease, especially liquid (as from the olive, often perfumed); figuratively, richness
  • fat, oil
    • fat, fatness
      • "oil, olive oil
      • as staple, medicament or unguent
        • "for anointing
      fat (of fruitful land, valleys) (metaphorically)

אֲשֶׁ֥ר
אֲשֶׁ֥ר
Particle who, which, that
Dictionary form: אֲשֶׁר · uh-SHER

Particle — Relative

In the KJV here: that
which ×1561 that ×1524 as ×311 whom ×202 who ×88 where ×84 whither ×70 whose ×69
More options
that — Most versatile; works as relative pronoun or conjunction.
which — Prefer for non-personal antecedents and formal register.
who — Use when antecedent is a person or personal being.
where — Use when introducing a place or locative clause.
when — Use when introducing a temporal clause.
because — Use when אֲשֶׁר introduces a causal clause.

BDB3871 H834

BDB3870 | BIBLICAL HEBREW | BDB3872

כַּאֲשֶׁר conjunction according as, as, when (compare for the combined Aramaic כְּדִי, כַּד) —

1. according to that which, according as, as:
  a. Gen 34:12 I will give כאשׁר תאמרו אלי according as ye shall (or may) say unto me, Gen 44:1; Exod 8:23; Num 22:8; 1Sam 2:16; Gen 34:22 if we are circumcised כאשׁר הם נמולים; Gen 41:21 כאשׁר בתחלה as at the beginning, so ׳כ בראשׁונה Josh 8:5; Josh 8:6; 2Sam 7:10; Exod 5:13 ׃כאשׁר בהיות התבן Gen 7:9 they came in two by two כאשׁר צוה אלהִים, as God commanded Noah; so, or similarly, very often, especially in P, vGen 7:16; Gen 8:21; Gen 12:4; Gen 17:23; Gen 21:1 (twice in verse); Exod 16:24; Exod 39:1; Exod 39:5; Exod 39:7; Num 3:16; Num 3:42 etc.; ׳כאשׁר דבר י Deut 1:21; Deut 2:1; Deut 6:3; Deut 6:19 + often Deuteronomy.
  b. answered, for increased emphasis, by כֵּן (compare כְּ 2 d), Gen 50:12 ויעשׂו כן כאשׁר צִוָּם, Exod 7:10; Exod 7:20; Gen 18:5 (J) כן חעשׂח כאשׁר דברת, Exod 10:10 (iron.), Amos 5:14 (do.); in opposed to order, Judg 1:7 כאשׁר עשׂיתי, כן שׁלם לי, Exod 7:6 כן עשׂו ׳כאשׁר צוה י, compare Exod 12:28; Exod 12:50; Exod 39:43; Num 5:4; Num 17:26; Num 36:10 (all P); with imperfect (frequently) Num 2:17 (P) כאשׁר יחנו כן יסעו; of degree = the more. . . the more, Exod 1:12 וכאשׁר יענּו אתו כן ירבה וכן יפרץ, compare Exod 17:11 (JE) ׳והיה כאשׁר יריםו֗֗֗גבר ישׁר according as he held up, etc., Israel prevailed; in an oath or solemn promise, Num 14:28 אם לא כאשׁר דברתם כן אעשׂה, Deut 28:63 (Jer 31:28), 1Kgs 1:30; Isa 10:11; Isa 14:24; Isa 52:14f. (see כֵּן 2 b).
  c. answered by וַ (Dr§ 127 γ) Exod 16:34; Num 1:19.
  d. often in similes (followed by imperfect of habit) Exod 33:11 כאשׁר ידבר אישׁ אל רעהו, Num 11:12; Deut 1:44; Isa 9:2; Isa 66:20 +, answered by כֵּן Isa 31:4; Isa 55:10; Isa 66:22; Amos 3:12 +; a second verb is, in such cases, in the perfect with וְ consecutive (Dr§ 115) Deut 22:26; Isa 29:8 כאשׁר יחלםו֗֗֗הקיץ, Isa 65:8; Amos 5:19.
  e. הָיָה כַּאֲשֶׁר (compare הָיָה כְּ) to be as if, Job 10:19 כאשׁר לא הייתי אהיה, Zech 10:6 והיו כאשׁר לא זנחתים.
2. with a casual force, in so far as, since (German demgemäss dass), Gen 26:29 if thou doest us no harm כאשׁר לא נגענוך according as, in so far as, we have not touched thee; Num 27:14 כאשׁר מריתם פי inasmuch as ye have defied my mouth, Judg 6:27; 1Sam 28:18 (answered by על כן), 2Kgs 17:26; Mic 3:4.
3. with a temporal force, when, Gen 18:33 and Y. went away כאשׁר כלה when he had finished, etc., Gen 32:3; Gen 32:32; 1Sam 8:6; 2Sam 12:21 +; answered by וַּ (Dr§ 127 β), 1Sam 6:6; 1Sam 12:8 ויהי כאשׁר֗֗ and it came to pass, when . . . Gen 12:11; Gen 20:13; Gen 24:22; Gen 24:52; Exod 32:19 + often; Gen 43:14 כאשׁר שׁכלתי שׁכלתי when I am bereaved, I am bereaved ! an expression of resignation, so Esth 4:16 כאשׁר אבדתי אבדתי. Josh 2:7 אחרי כאשׁר is a 'conflate' reading, omit either אחרי or כ. Of future time, Gen 27:40; Gen 40:14 כאשׁר ייטב לך, Hos 7:12; Eccl 4:17; Eccl 5:3, and without a verb Isa 23:5 כאשׁר שׁמע למצרים. — Mic 3:3 כאשׁר is simply as that which, Job 29:25 as one who.

BDB6202 H3282 H834 H3588

BDB6201 | BIBLICAL HEBREW | BDB6203

יַעַן96 properly substantive, purpose, intention, but always used as preposition or conjunction, on account of, because (for יַעֲנֶה, of the form יִצְהָר etc., Sta§ 259 Köii. 403; compare mean, intend): —

1. as preposition, rarely with a substantive, Ezek 5:9 יַעַן תּוֺעֲבוֺתֵיכֶם, Hag 1:9 יַעַן מָה, vHag 1:9 יַעַן בֵּיתִי; with a participle Ezek 36:13 יען אמרים because of men saying to you (but read probablyאָמְרָם, Co Toy Berthol); frequently with infinitive with, 1Kgs 21:20 יַעַן הִתְמַכֶּרְךָ on account of thy having sold thyself, Amos 5:11; Isa 30:12; Isa 37:29 (= 2Kgs 19:28) יַעֵן הִתְרַגֶּזְךָ אֵלַי, Jer 5:14; Jer 7:13; Jer 23:38; Jer 48:7, and often. (c. 18 t.) in Ezek., as Jer 5:7 (read יַעַן הַמְ˜רֹתְכֶם), Jer 13:8; Jer 13:22; Jer 25:3; Jer 25:6; Jer 25:8; Jer 25:12.

2. As conjunction:
  a. יַעַן אֲשֶׁר (32 t.), usually with perfect, as Gen 22:16 יען אשׁר עשׂית זאת because that thou hast done this, Deut 1:36 (Josh 14:14), Judg 2:20; 1Sam 30:22; 1Kgs 3:11; 1Kgs 8:18; Jer 19:4; Jer 25:8; Jer 29:23 (not Isaiah) +; with imperfect (in frequent. sense) Ezek 44:12.
  b. יַען כִּי, Num 11:20 ׳יַעַן כִּי מְאַסְתֶּם אֶתיֿ, 1Kgs 13:21; 1Kgs 21:29; Isa 3:16; Isa 7:5; Isa 8:6; Isa 29:13.
  c. יַעַן alone (23 t.), with perfect Num 20:12 יַעַן לֹא הֶאֱמַנְתֶּם בִּי, 1Sam 15:23; 1Kgs 14:13; 1Kgs 20:42; 2Kgs 22:19; Hos 8:1; Isa 61:1; Isa 65:12; Isa 66:4 with imperfect (frequently) Ezek 34:21 of the future Ezek 12:12 because he shall not see, etc., (but ᵐ5 Co Kau Berthol לְמַעַן אשׁר לא יֵרָאֶה לָעַיִן): usually the verb follows immediately, but Ezek. sometimes puts the object first for emphasis, Ezek 5:11 יַעַן אֶתמִֿקְדָּשִׁי טִמֵּאתָ, Ezek 20:16; Ezek 20:24; Ezek 36:6, compare Ezek 34:21.

3. יַעַן וּבְיַעַן, q.d. because and by the cause (that), followed by perhaps, Lev 26:43 (H) יען וביען בְּמִשְׁפָּטַי מָאָ֔סוּ, Ezek 13:10 יַעַן בְּיַעַז followed by infinitive, Ezek 36:3. (In all, reckoning יען (ו)ביען once each, 93 t., of which 20 are in 1-2 Kings, 11 in Jeremiah, 38 in Ezekiel; and only 9 in Genesis—2Samuel.)

BDB6204 H4616 H834 H4617

BDB6203 | BIBLICAL HEBREW | BDB6205

[מַ֫עַן] substantive purpose, intent, only with לְ, in לְמַ֫עַן271 preposition and conjunction for the sake of, on account of, to the intent or in order that (abbreviated from מַעֲנֶה: compare מַ֫עַל; Köii. 116); — with suffix לְמַעֲנִי, לְמַעַנְךָ, and לְמַעַנְכֶם; —

1. preposition: —
  a. Gen 18:24 wilt thou ... not spare the place למען חמשׁים הציקים for the sake of the 50 righteous? Deut 30:6 חַיֶּיךָ ׳ל for thy life's sake, 1Kgs 8:41 the foreigner who comer from afar שְׁמֶ֑ךָ ׳ל, Isa 43:14 לְמַעַנְכֶם שִׁלַּחְתִּי בָבֶ֫לָה, Isa 45:4; Isa 62:1 ציון ׳ל, Isa 63:17 עבדיך ׳ל, Isa 65:8; Ezek 36:22 (twice in verse); Job 18:4; Ps 122:8; Ps 122:9 (׳עַבְדִּי ד) לְמַעַן דָּוִד, i.e. for the sake of David's memory, and the promises given to him, 1Kgs 11:12; 1Kgs 11:13; 1Kgs 11:32; 1Kgs 11:34; 1Kgs 15:4; 2Kgs 8:19; 2Kgs 19:34 (= Isa 37:35), Isa 20:6 (all D2); לְמַעֲנִי (of ׳י) for my own sake, i.e. to vindicate my name, 2Kgs 19:34 (= Isa 37:35), 2Kgs 20:6; Isa 43:25; Isa 48:11 לְמַעֲנִי לְמַעֲנִי אֶעֲשֶׁה, so לְמַעַנְךָ Dan 9:19, אֲדֹנָי ׳ל vDan 9:17 ׳י is said (or entreated) to act (שִׁמְךָ, שְׁמִי) לְמַעַן שְׁמוֺ i.e. to maintain his reputation, or character, Ps 23:3; Ps 25:11; Ps 31:4; Ps 79:9; Ps 106:8; Ps 143:11; Jer 14:7; Jer 14:21; Ezek 20:9; Ezek 20:14; Ezek 20:22; Ezek 20:44; Isa 48:9 simile חַסְדְּךָ ׳ל (i.e. to maintain it consistently) Ps 6:5; Ps 44:27, טוּבְךָ ׳ל Ps 25:7, צִדְקוֺ ׳ל Isa 42:21.


  b. In view of, on account of (but not expressing causation distinctly, like מִן 2 f, or מִפְּנֵי), Deut 3:26 בי לְמַעַנְכֶם ׳ויתעבר י on your account, 1Kgs 11:39 זֹאת ׳ל in view of this, שׁוֺרֲרַי ׳ל on account of my watchful foes, Ps 5:9; Ps 27:11, צורריך ׳ל Ps 8:3, simil. Ps 69:19; Ps 48:12 (Ps 97:8) משׁפטיך ׳ישמח הר ציון ֗֗֗ ל in view of thy judgments.


  c. Sq. infinitive Gen 18:19 ׳לְמַעַן הָבִיא י for the purpose of J.'s bringing = to the intent that J. might bring, Gen 37:22 הַצִּיל ׳ל in order to rescue, Gen 50:20; Exod 1:11; Exod 9:16; Exod 10:1, etc., Deut 2:30; Deut 6:28, etc., 2Kgs 10:19; Jer 7:10; Jer 7:18; Jer 11:5; Jer 50:34 (on הִרגיע, see עַד 2 a b), Ezek 14:5; Ezek 21:5; Ezek 22:6 etc., Ezek 36:5, + often (Köiii.595 f.). Once, pleonastic, לְמַעַן לָמוּג לֵב Ezek 21:20 (compare כַּעֲבוּר לְ 1Chr 19:3 but read probably הִמּוֺג).

2. conjunction (followed by imperfect): —
  a. לְמַעַן אֲשֶׁר Gen 18:19 I have known him אשׁר יְצַוֶּה ׳ל to the end that he might command, etc., Deut 27:3; Josh 3:4; 2Sam 13:5; Jer 42:6 more often
  b. without אשׁר, as Gen 12:13 לְמַעַן יִיטַב לִי, Gen 27:25; Exod 4:5 יאמינו ׳ל, Exod 8:6; Exod 8:18; Exod 9:29; Exod 10:2; Isa 5:19; Isa 23:16; Ps 9:15; Ps 30:13; Ps 48:14 + often (Köiii.571).


  c. Sq. לֹא (a) אשׁר לֹא ׳ל Num 17:5; Deut 20:18; Ezek 31:14; Ezek 36:30; Ezek 46:18 (b) לֹא ׳ל Ezek 14:11; Ezek 19:9; Ezek 25:10; Ezek 26:20; Zech 12:7; Ps 119:11; Ps 119:80; Ps 125:3 (Köiii.574. Less common than לְבִלְתִּי or מִן with infinitive, or פֶּןֿ).

Note
1. — לְמַעַן is always in order that, never merely so that ἐκβατικῶς); but sometimes, in rhetorical passages, the issue of a line of action, though really undesigned, is represented by it ironically as if it were designed: Deut 29:18 (see Dr) ׳סְפוֺת וגו ׳וְהִתְבָּרֵךְ כִּלְבָבוֺ ֗֗֗ ל and he congratulate himself ... in order to sweep away the moistened with the dry (i.e. to destroy all together), Isa 30:1; Isa 44:9 יֵבוֺשׁוּ ׳בל יראו ובל ידעו ל in orer that they may be put to shame, Jer 7:18 הַכְעִיסֵנִי ׳ל, vJer 7:19 בּשֶׁת פְנֵיהֶם ׳ל, Jer 27:10; Jer 27:15; Jer 32:29; Hos 8:4 their silver, etc., they have made into idols יִכָרֵת ׳ל in order that it may be cut off (of course, not the real purpose of the idolatry), Amos 2:7; Mic 6:16: compare Ps 51:6 (see Comn.) in order that thou mightest be just when thou judgest (that is, by manifesting thy justice in judgement on my sin). compare Qor 28:7 (FlKl. Schr. i. 397 f.).

Note 2. — In Josh 4:24 for the anomalous יְרָאתֶם ׳ל, read infinitive יִרְאָתָם ׳ל in order that they might fear (Dr§ 14 Obs.): Neh 6:13 לְמַעַן שָׂכוּר הוּא לְמַעַן אִירָא (si vera 1.) the first ׳ל points forwards, to this intent was he hired, to the intent that I should be afraid. — On Prov 16:4, see מַעֵנֶה above

BDB8356 H834 H7945 H4100

BDB8355 | BIBLICAL HEBREW | BDB8357

שֶׁ, also ( Gen 6:3 [? see 4 a], Judg 5:7 (twice in verse); Song 1:7; Job 19:29 [?]) שַּׁ , שָׁ in שָׁאַתָּה Judg 6:17, and שְׁ in שְׁהוּא Eccl 2:22, שְׁהֵם Eccl 3:18 (elsewhere before guttural שֶׁ, as שֶׁאֲנִי Song 1:6; Eccl 2:18, שֶׁאֵין Ps 146:3, שֶׁהֵם Song 6:5; Lam 4:9, שֶׁעַל Judg 7:12; Judg 8:26, שֶׁרּאֹשִׁי Song 5:2), relative particle who, which, that, etc. (constantly in Late Hebrew; Aramaic of Nerab, Ldzb371, 445; Assyrian sha; Phoenician אש (regularly), also sometimes ש (Ldzb227 f.): according to Ges Ew§ 181 b Olp. 439 Sta§ 176 e, abbreviated from אֲשֶׁר; more probably (Sperling [see אֲשֶׁר], Köii. 323 f.) an original demonstrative particle), synonym with אֲשֶׁר, but in usage limited to late Hebrew, and passages with north Palestinian colouring, namely Judg 5:7 (twice in verse) [אֲשֶׁר vJudg 5:27], Judg 6:17; Judg 7:12; Judg 8:26; 2Kgs 6:11 (see 4 c), Jonah 1:7; Jonah 1:12; Jonah 4:10 [אֲשֶׁר 11 t.], Ps 122:3; Ps 122:4; Ps 123:2; Ps 124:1; Ps 124:2; Ps 124:6; Ps 129:6; Ps 129:7; Ps 133:2; Ps 133:3; Ps 135:2; Ps 135:8; Ps 135:10; Ps 136:23; Ps 137:8; Ps 137:9; Ps 144:15; Ps 146:3; Ps 146:5; Lam 2:15; Lam 2:16; Lam 4:9; Lam 5:18; Ezra 8:20; 1Chr 5:20; 1Chr 27:27 Canticles (uniformly, except in title Song 1:1); Ecclesiastes (68 t.; אֲשֶׁא 89 t.); also (dubious) Gen 6:3; Gen 49:10 (שֶׁלֹּה ᵐ5 ᵑ6 ᵑ7), Job 19:29 and in the proper name (q. v.) מִישָׁאֵל and מְתוּשָׁאֵל. — In usage, שֶּׁ  is in the main parallel with אֲשֶׁר, namely

1. as pronoun who, which, whom, Judg 7:12 כַּהוֺל שֶׁעַל שְׂפַת הַיָּם (compare חוֺל c), Ps 122:3; Ps 124:6 etc.; him whom, that which, etc., Song 1:7; Song 3:1; 1Chr 27:27; Eccl 1:11; Eccl 6:3 וְרַב שֶׁיִּהְיוּ יְמֵי חַיָּיו and much (verb) is that which his days amount to (Hi De and others), vEccl 6:10 הוּא שֶּׁ  that which Eccl 1:9 (twice in verse); in the genitive, אַשְׁרֵי שֶּׁ  Ps 137:8; Ps 137:9; Ps 146:5. — On מַהשֶּּֿׁ  in Eccl = whatever, what, see מָה 1 e b.
2. as a connecting link; = where (compare אֲשֶׁר p. 81, and 4 b β), מְקוֺם שֶּׁ  Eccl 1:7; Eccl 11:3 (compare מְקוֺם אֲשֶׁר Gen 39:20 +: Ges«GKC:130c»§ 130c), whither Ps 122:4 (שֶׁשָּׁם ֗֗֗ ), when Song 8:8; Eccl 12:3 בַּיּוֺם שֶּׁ  (compare ib. 4 b a).
3.as a conjunction (compare אֲשֶׁר 8); —
  a. that, after רָאָה Eccl 2:13; Eccl 3:18, יָרַע Eccl 1:17; Eccl 2:14; Eccl 9:5; Job 19:19 (?), דִּבֶּר Eccl 2:15, אָמַר Eccl 8:14, עָשָׂה אוֺת Judg 6:17 as subject of sentence, Eccl 3:13; Eccl 5:15 also in the phrases, (a) what is ... that ? Song 5:9 (usually כִּי; see מָךְ 1 d b), מֶה הָיָה שֶּׁ  how comes it that ... ? Eccl 7:10
   (b) Song 3:4 כִּמְעַט שֶׁעָבַרְתּת מֵהֶם hardly (was it) that (German kaum dass) I had passed, etc., Eccl 7:14 עַל דִּדבְרַת שֶׁלּאֹ יִמְצָא to the intent that ..., Eccl 5:15 כָּלעֻֿמַּת שֶׁבֶּא exactly as ..., Eccl 12:9 תֵר שֶׁ besides that, עַד שֶּׁ  (עַד ּ Judg 5:7) until that Ps 123:2; Song 2:7; Song 2:17 + (see III. עַד II 1 a a and b; compare Late Hebrew Yoma Song 5:1), while Song 1:12 (ib. 2 d); עָשָׂהשֶּׁ  to make or cause that ..., Eccl 3:14 (compare Ezek 36:27).
  b. involving a reason (compare אֲשֶׁר 8 c), because, since, Song 1:6 (twice in verse); Song 5:2; Eccl 2:18 b. Hence שֵׁלָּמָה Song 1:7 since why ? = lest (see מָה 4 d b).
4. compounds:
  a. בְּשֶּׁ , i. q. בַּאֲשֶׁר c (p. 84a) in that, seeing that, Eccl 2:16 also (according to ᵑ0 ᵐ5 ᵑ6 Hu De) Gen 6:3 בְּשַׁגַּם הוּא בָשָׂר because that he also is flesh; but see שָׁגַג.
  b. ˜כּשֶּׁ , i. q. כַּאֲשֶׁר p. 455: — (a) according as Eccl 5:14; Eccl 12:7 (b) when (so often in Late Hebrew, as Ab Eccl 1:8 (3 t. in verse); Eccl 1:14) Eccl 9:12; Eccl 10:3.
  c. מִשֶּּׁ , i. q. מֵאֲשֶׁר a (p. 84:a), 2Kgs 6:12 מִי מִשֶּׁלָּנוּ who of those that are ours ? (but Klo KmpKau Benz מְגַלֵּנוּ who betrays us ? compare ᵐ5); Eccl 5:4 than that (compare מֵאֲשֶׁר Eccl 3:22), + Eccl 2:24 (read מִשֶּׁיּאֹכַל with Ew De, etc.; compare Eccl 3:22).
  d. שֶׁל, like אֲשֶׁרלְ (אֲשֶׁר 7 b), a mark of the genitive: thrice, adding slight emphasis to the suffix, Song 1:6 = Song 8:12 כַּרְמִי שֶׁלִּי my vineyard (literally my vineyard, which is mine), Song 3:7 מִטָּתוֺ שֶׁלִּשְׁלֹמֹה (so often in Late Hebrew, but without any special emphasis, as Aboth Song 1:12 הֲוֵי מתלמידיווּ שׁלאֿהרן be of Aaron's disciples, Song 2:1 שְׂכָרָן שֶׁלמִֿצְוֺת, vSong 2:2; Song 3:2 הֲוֵי מתפלל בשׁלומהּ שׁלמֿלכות; compare in Syriac, as Luke 6:42 my words, Nö§ 225). And with בְּ, בְּשֶׁל literally through that which belongs to or concerns, pleonastic for on account of (a late, unidiomatic translation of Aramaic בְּרִיל, from בְּ, דִּי, and לְ, as in Onk Gen 12:13 בדילי on my account, Gen 30:27; Gen 39:5 בְּדִיל יוֺסֵף, בְּדִיל מָא on account of what ? Judg 8:1; 2Sam 9:1; 1Kgs 11:12; 1Kgs 11:39, etc.), Jonah 1:7 בְּשֶׁלְּמִי on account of whom ? (|| vJonah 1:8 בַּאֲשֶׁר לְמִי; probably a gloss), vJonah 1:12 בְּשֶׁלִּי an account of me (ᵑ7 בְּדִיל מַן, בְּדִילִי); Eccl 8:17 בְּשֶׁל אֲשֶׁר יַעֲמֹל הָאָדָם לְבַקֵּשׁ on account of (the fact) that (= seeing that) man labours, etc. (unidiomatic translation of Aramaic בְּדִיל דְּ because that, as Gen 6:3 בְּדִיל דְּאִינוּן בִּסְרָא, Gen 39:9 בְּרִיל דְּאַתְּ אִיתְּתֵיהּ [for Hebrew בַּאֲשֶׁר אַתְּ אִשְׁתּוֺ]; Palmyrene בדיל די Ldzb233, — in Tariff Gen 1:4 (CookeN. Semitic Inscr. 320) = ἐπειδή).

[שֹׁא] see [ שׁוֺא].

BDB844 H834

BDB843 | BIBLICAL HEBREW | BDB845

אֲשֶׁר particle of relation (Moabite id.; origin dubious:

1. according to TsepreghiDiss. Lugd. p. 171 MühlauBö. Lb. ii. 79 n. StaMorg. Forsch. 1875, 188; Lb. § 167 HomZMG 1878, 708 ff. Müll§ 153 SayceHebraica. ii. 51 LagM. i. 255 & especially KraeHebraica. vi. 298 ff, originally a substantive 'place' = footstep, mark, (do.), אֲתַר, place, Assyrian ašru, used (see Kraetz.) both as a substantive 'there, where,' and as a relative of place 'where': in Hebrew this development has advanced further, and it has become a relative sign generally. The chief objection to this explanation is that it would isolate Hebrew from the other Semitic languages, in which pronouns are formed regularly from demonstrative roots (compare also NöZMG 1886, 738).
2. according to PhiSt. C. 73 SperlingNota Rel. im Hebr. 1876, 15-22 for אֲשֶׁל, developed from the relative שׁ (q. v.) by (1) the prefixing of either a merely prosthetic א, or, better, a pronominal א (giving rise to אש, the form of the relative in Phoenician), and (2) the addition of the demonstrative root ל [found also in אֵל, אֵלָּה, הַלָּזֶה (q. v.), he who, who (plural)]: the main objection to this explanation is the change of ל to ר, which is hardly rendered probable by the compare of Syriac by side of ᵑ7 הָלְכָּא. 1 seems preferable, the primitive root having acquired different significations in the different Semitic languages, and having been weakened in Hebrew to a mere particle of relation). A sign of relation, bringing the clause introduced by it into relation with an antecedent clause. As a rule אֲשֶׁר is a mere connecting link, and requires to be supplemented (see the grammars) by a pronominal affix, or other word, such as שָׁם, defining the nature of the relation more precisely: e.g. Gen 1:11 אֲשֶׁר זַרֵעוֺבֿוֺ literally as to which, its seed is in it = in which is its seed, Ps 1:4 like the chaff אֲשֶׁרתִּֿדְּפֶנּוּ רוּחַ as to which, the wind drives it = which the wind drives, etc.; & so אֲשֶׁרשָׁ֗֗֗ם = where, אֲשֶׁרמִ֗֗֗שָּׁם = whence, Gen 2:11; Gen 3:23; Gen 20:13 etc. Sometimes also (see below) the relation expressed by it is specifically temporal, local causal, etc. More particularly

1. it includes its pronominal antecedent, whether in the nominative or oblique cases, as Num 22:6 וַאֲשֶׁר תָּאֹר יוּאָר and he whom thou cursest is cursed, Exod 4:12 and I will teach thee אֲשֶׁר תְּדַבֵּר that which thou shalt say; and with particles or prepositions, as אֵת אֲשֶׁר (according to the context) him who . . ., those who . . ., that which . . .; לַאֲשֶׁר to him who . . . Gen 43:16, to those who . . . Gen 47:24, to that which Gen 27:8 מֵאֲשֶׁר Judg 16:30; 2Sam 18:18 than those whom; Lev 27:24 לַאֲשֶׁר קָנָהוּ מֵאִתּוֺ to him from whom he bought it, Num 5:7; Isa 24:2 כַּאֲשֶׁר נשֶׁא בוֺ like him against whom there is a creditor.
2. instances of אֲשֶׁר followed by a pronominal affix, or by שָׁם, שָֽׁמָּה, מִשָּׁם, are so common that the examples cited above will be sufficient. Very rarely there occurs the anomalous construction עִם אֲשֶׁר Gen 31:32 for אֲשֶׁר עִמּוֺ (see Gen 44:9), בַּאֲשֶׁר Isa 47:12 for אֲשֶׁר בָּהֶם, לַאֲשֶׁר for אֲשֶׁרלָ֗֗֗הֶם Ezek 23:40: Ps 119:49 see under על אשׁר. It is followed by the pronoun in the nominative, in the following cases: —
   (a) immediately, mostly before an adjective or participle, Gen 9:3 all moving things אֲשֶׁר הוּאחַֿי which are living, Lev 11:26; Num 9:13; Num 14:8; Num 14:27; Num 35:31; Deut 20:20; 1Sam 10:19 (see Dr) 2Kgs 25:19 (|| Jer 52:25 היה) Jer 27:9; Ezek 43:19; Hag 1:9; Ruth 4:15; Neh 2:18; Eccl 7:26 before a verb 2Kgs 22:13 (omitted 2Chr 34:21).
   (b) in a negative sentence, at the end: Gen 7:2; Gen 17:12; Num 17:5; Deut 17:15 אֲשֶׁר לֹא אָחִיךָ הוּא who is not thy brother, Deut 20:15; Judg 19:12; 1Kgs 8:41 || 1Kgs 9:20 ||.
N.B. Ps 16:3 אֲשֶׁר בָּאָרֶץ הֵ֑מָּה is an unparalleled expression for 'who are in the land'; read ׳אֲשֶׁר בָּאָ֑רֶץ הֵמָּה אַדִּירֵי וג 'the saints that are in the land, they (המה) are the nobles, in whom,' etc.
3. sometimes (though rarely) the defining adjunct is a pronoun of 1 or 2 person as well as of 3 person. In such cases it is strictly to be rendered I who . . ., thou who, etc.; Hos 14:4 אֲשֶׁרבְּֿךָ יְרֻחַם יָתוֺם thou by whom the fatherless is compassionated ! Jer 31:32 I, whose covenant they brake, Jer 32:19; Isa 49:23; Job 37:17f. thou whose garments are warm . . ., canst thou ? etc., Ps 71:19; Ps 71:20; Ps 144:12 we whose sons, etc., Ps 139:15 my frame was not hidden from thee, אֲ֯שֶׁרעֻֿשֵּׂיתִי בַסֵּתֶר I who was wrought in secret (= though I was wrought in secret), Exod 14:13 for ye who have seen the Egyptians to-day, — ye shall not see them again for ever! (compare Ps 41:9).
4. the defining pron. adjunct is dispensed with —
  a. when אֲשֶׁר represents the simple subject of a sentence, or the direct object of a verb: so constantly, as Gen 2:1 the work אֲשֶׁר עָשָׂה which he made, Gen 3:3 the tree אֲשֶׁר בְּתוֺךְ הַגָּן which is in the midst of the garden, etc.
  b. after words denoting time, place, or manner, so that אֲשֶׁר then becomes equivalent to when, where, why:
   (a) Gen 6:4 אַחֲרֵי כֵן אֲשֶׁר afterwards, when, etc. (compare 2Chr 35:20) Gen 45:6 there are still 5 years אֲשֶׁר אֵין חָרִישׁ when there shall be no plowing, Josh 14:10; 1Kgs 22:25 after יוֺם or הַיּוֺם Deut 4:10; Judg 4:14; 1Sam 24:5 (see Dr) 2Sam 19:25; Jer 20:14 and elsewhere; similarly Gen 40:13. (β) Gen 35:13 בַּמָּקוֺם אֲשֶׁר דִּבֶּר אִתּוֺ in the place where he spake with him, vGen 35:14; Gen 39:20; Num 13:27; Num 22:26; Deut 1:31 in the desert which thou sawest, where (accents Ke Di), Deut 8:15; 1Kgs 8:9 (unless לוּחוֺת הַבְּרִית has here fallen out: see ᵐ5 & Deut 9:9) Isa 55:11; Isa 64:10; Ps 84:4. So (γ) in אֶל אֲשֶׁר to (the place) which (or whither) Exod 32:34; Ruth 1:16 אֶלכָּֿלאֲֿשֶׁר to every (place) whither Josh 1:16; Prov 17:8 בַּאֲשֶׁר in (the place) where Judg 5:27; Judg 17:8; Judg 17:9; 1Sam 23:13; 2Kgs 8:1; Ruth 1:16; Ruth 1:17; Job 39:30, once only with שָׁם Gen 21:17 בְּכֹל אֲשֶׁר wheresoever Josh 1:7; Josh 1:9; Judg 2:15; 1Sam 14:47; 1Sam 18:5; 2Sam 7:7; 2Kgs 18:7 מֵאֲשֶׁר from (the place) where = whencesoever Exod 5:11; Ruth 2:9 עַלאֲֿשֶׁר to (the place) whither (or which) 2Sam 15:20; 1Kgs 18:12 עַלכָּֿלאֲֿשֶׁר Jer 1:7. (δ) זֶה הַדָּבָר אֲשֶׁר ֗֗֗ this is the reason that or why . . . Josh 5:4; 1Kgs 11:27.
  c. more extreme instances Lev 14:22; Lev 14:30; Lev 14:31; Num 6:21; Deut 7:19 (wherewith), Deut 28:20; 1Sam 2:32 (wherein), 1Kgs 2:26; Judg 8:15 (about whom), Isa 8:12 (where יאמר would be followed normally by לוֺ), Isa 31:6 turn ye to (him as to) whom they have deeply rebelled, Isa 47:15; Zeph 3:11; Eccl 3:9; 1Kgs 14:19 (= how).
  d. it is dispensed with only in appearance after ׅ׳אֲשֶׁר אָמַר (אָמַרְתִּי וג followed by the words used, its place being really taken by a pronoun in the speech which follows, as Gen 3:17 the tree as to which I commanded thee saying, Thou shalt not eat from it, Exod 22:8; Deut 28:68; Judg 7:4 (זֶה) Judg 8:15 (where the noun repeated takes the place of the pronoun, compare Deut 9:2) 1Sam 9:17 (זֶה):23 +; compare 2Sam 11:16; 2Kgs 17:12; 2Kgs 21:4.
5. אֲשֶׁר sometimes in poetry = one who, a man who (men who), ὅστις, οἵτινες, Ps 24:4; Ps 55:20; Ps 95:4; Ps 95:5; Job 4:19; Job 5:5; Job 9:5 (Hi) Job 15:17.
6. אֲשֶׁר occasionally receives its closer definition by a substantive following it, in other words, its logical antecedent is inserted in the relative clause:
   (a) in the phrase peculiar to Jeremiah, ׳אֶל יר ׳אֲשֶׁר הָיָה דְבַר י that which came (of) the word of ׳י to Jeremiah Jer 14:1; Jer 46:1; Jer 47:1; Jer 49:34 (compare Ew§ 334);
   (b) Exod 25:9; Num 33:4; 1Sam 25:30; 2Kgs 8:12; 2Kgs 12:6 לְכֹל אֲשֶׁריִֿמָּצֵא שָׁם בָּֽדֶק׃ Ezek 12:25 compare the Ethiopic usage Di§ 201;
   (c) (antecedant repeated) Gen 49:30 = Gen 50:13, 1Sam 25:30 (׳י repeated), Isa 54:9 (probably) as to which I sware that, etc., Amos 5:1 which I take up over you (as) a dirge.
7. ׳אֲשֶׁר ל that (belongs, belong, belonged) to, is used
  a. either alone or preceded by כָּלֿ to express (all) that (belongs) to, as Gen 14:23 מִכָּלאֲֿשֶׁרלְֿךָ of all that is thine, Gen 31:1 מֵאֲשֶׁר לְאָבִינוּ of that which was our father's, Gen 32:24 & sent over אֶתאֲֿשֶׁרלֿוֺ that which he had, + often
  b. as a circumlocution of the genitive, as Gen 29:9 עִםהַֿצּאֹן אֲשֶׁר לְאָבִיהָ with the sheep that were her father's, Gen 40:5; Gen 47:4; Lev 9:8; Judg 6:11; 1Sam 25:7 הָרֹעִים אֲשֶׁרלְֿךָ, 2Sam 14:31 אֶתהַֿחֶלְקָה אֲשֶׁרלִֿי, 2Sam 23:8; 1Kgs 1:8; 1Kgs 1:33 עַל הַפִּרְדָּה אֲשֶׁרלִֿי upon mine own mule, v1Kgs 1:49; 1Kgs 4:2; 2Kgs 11:10; 2Kgs 16:13; Ruth 2:21 and especially in the case of a compound expression depending on a single genitive, as Gen 23:9; Gen 40:5; Gen 41:43 מִרְכֶּבֶת הַמִּשְׁנֶה אֲשֶׁרלֿוֺ the chariot of the second rank which he had, Exod 38:30; Judg 3:20; Judg 6:25; 1Sam 17:40; 1Sam 21:8 אֲבִיר הָרֹעִים אֲשֶׁר לְשָׁאוּל the mightiest of Saul's herdmen, 1Sam 24:5 אֶתכְּֿנַףהַֿמְּעִיל אֲשֶׁרלְֿשָׁאוּל, 2Sam 2:8 Saul's captain of the host, 1Kgs 10:28; 1Kgs 15:20; 1Kgs 22:31; Jer 52:17; Ruth 4:3.
  c. with names of places (especially such as do not readily admit the stative construct) Judg 18:28; Judg 19:14 הַגִּבְעָה אֲשֶׁר לְבִנְיָמִין Gibeah (the hill) of Benjamin, Judg 20:4; 1Sam 17:1; 1Kgs 15:27; 1Kgs 16:15; 1Kgs 17:9; 1Kgs 19:3; 2Kgs 14:11. compare שֶׁל (q. v.) which in Rabb, like the Aramaic -דִּיל, , is in habitual use as a mark of the genitive. — N.B. In Aramaic also דּי, , without ל, expresses the genitive relation, as מִלְּתָא דִימַֿלְכָּא, literally the word, that of the king = the word of the king. The few apparent cases of a similar use of אשׁר are, however, too foreign to the general usage of the language to be regarded otherwise than as due to textual error: 1Sam 13:8 read אֲשֶׁר אָמַר (or שָׂם Exod 19:5) שְׁמוּאֵל (ᵐ5 εἶπε); 1Kgs 11:25 supply עָשָׂה (ᵐ5 ἣν ἐποίησεν); 2Kgs 25:10 supply אֵת with (as || Jer 52:14); 2Chr 34:22 read וַאֲשֶׁר אָמַר הַמֶּלֶךְ (compare ᵐ5) and those whom the king appointed (abbreviated from 2Kgs 22:14); compare Ew§ 292 a, b with note.

8. אֲשֶׁר becomes, like Aramaic דּי, , a conjunction approximating in usage to כִּי: thus
  a. = quod, ὅτι, that, subordinating an entire sentence to a verb of knowing, remembering, etc.
   (a) with אֵת Deut 9:7 forget not אֵת אֲשֶׁר הִקְצַפְתָּ the fact that (= how) thou provokedst, etc., Deut 29:15; Josh 2:10; 1Sam 24:11; 1Sam 24:19; 2Sam 11:20 know ye not אֵת אֲשֶׁריֹֿרוּ how they shoot from off the wall ? 2Kgs 8:12; Isa 38:3 + often As subject (rare) 1Kgs 14:19; 2Kgs 14:15; 2Kgs 20:20. Of time (peculiarly) 2Sam 14:15 עַתָּה אֲשֶׁר now (is it) that . . . Zech 8:20 (probably) yet (shall it be) that . . . vZech 8:23 compare כִּמְעַט שֶׁ Song 3:4. (β) without אֵת (not very common, כִּי being usually employed): after יָדַע Exod 11:7; Ezek 20:26 (very strange in Ezekiel: see Hi) Job 9:5 (Ew De Di) Eccl 8:12, רָאָה Deut 1:31 (RV) 1Sam 18:15, הִתְוַדָּה to confess Lev 5:5; Lev 26:40 b, הִשְׁבִּיעַ 1Kgs 22:16 (caused to swear that . . .); after a noun Isa 38:7 הָאוֺת אֲשֶׁר the sign that . . . (|| 2Kgs 20:9 כִּי): with growing frequency in late Hebrew, 2Chr 2:7, and especially Nehemiah, Esther: Neh 2:5; Neh 2:10; Neh 7:65 (= Ezra 2:63) Neh 8:14; Neh 8:15; Neh 10:31; Neh 13:1; Neh 13:19; Neh 13:22; Neh 2:10; Neh 3:4; Neh 4:11; Neh 6:2; Neh 8:11; (מֵאֲשֶׁר) Eccl 5:4; Eccl 7:18 (with טוֺב: contrast Ruth 2:22) vRuth 2:22 vRuth 2:29; Ruth 8:12; Ruth 8:14; Ruth 9:1; Dan 1:8 (twice in verse). (γ) prefixed to a direct citation, like כִּי q. v. (= ὅτι recitativum) (rare) 1Sam 15:20; 2Sam 1:4; 2Sam 2:4 (see Dr) Ps 10:6 (probably), Neh 4:6.
  b. it is resolvable into so that: Gen 11:7 אֲשֶׁר לֹא יִשְׁמְעוּ so that they understand not, etc., Gen 13:16; Gen 22:14 אֲשֶׁר יֵאָמֵר so that it is said, Exod 20:26; Deut 4:10; Deut 4:40 אֲשֶׁר יִיטַב לְךָ Deut 6:3; Deut 28:27; Deut 28:51; 1Kgs 3:12; 1Kgs 3:13; 2Kgs 9:37; Mal 3:19.
  c. it has a causal force, forasmuch as, in that, since: Gen 30:18; Gen 31:49 and Mizpah, אֲשֶׁר אָמַר for that he said, Gen 34:13; Gen 34:27; Gen 42:21 we are guilty, אֲשֶׁר רָאִינוּ we who saw (or, in that we saw), Num 20:13 Meribah, because they strove there, Deut 3:24; Josh 4:7; Josh 4:23; Josh 22:31; Judg 9:17; 1Sam 2:23; 1Sam 15:15; 1Sam 20:42 go in peace, אֲשֶׁר נִשְׁבַּעְנוּ forasmuch as we have sworn, 1Sam 25:26 thou whom (= or, seeing that) ׳י hath withholden, 2Sam 2:5 blessed are ye of ׳י, אֲשֶׁר עֲשִׂיתֶם, who (οἵτινες) have done (or in that ye have done), 1Kgs 3:19; 1Kgs 15:5; 2Kgs 12:3; 2Kgs 17:4; 2Kgs 23:26; (Hi De Now). Here also belongs its use in אֲשֶׁר לָמָּה since why . . . ? (= lest) Dan 1:10: see below לָמָּה. On אֲשֶׁר עַל כֵּן forasmuch as Job 34:27 see below כִּי עַל כֵּן.
  d. it expresses a condition (rare & peculiar): Lev 4:22 אֲשֶׁר נָשִׂיא יֶחֱטָא in (case) that = when (or if) a ruler sinneth (Lev 4:3 vLev 4:13 vLev 4:37 אִם), Num 5:29 (explained differently by Ew§ 334 a), Deut 11:27 and the blessing אֲשֶׁר תִּשְׁמְעוּ if ye hearken (Deut 11:28 אִם), Deut 18:22 Ges, Josh 4:21 אֲשֶׁר יִשְׁאָלוּן ֗֗֗ when they ask . . ., then . . . (Josh 4:6 כִּי), Isa 31:4. In 1Kgs 8:33 (|| 2Chr 6:24 כִּי, compare Kings v2Chr 6:35 v2Chr 6:37) אֲשֶׁר may be rendered indifferently because or when. Once, similarly, אֵת אֲשֶׁר 1Kgs 8:31 (|| אִם).
  e. perhaps (exceptionally) = כַּאֲשֶׁר, as, Jer 33:22; Isa 54:9 (followed by כֵּן; but כֵּן q. v. sometimes stands without כאשׁר, & אשׁר may in these passages connect with what precedes); according to some also Jer 48:8; Ps 106:34 (in a connection where כַּאֲשֶׁר would be more usual: אֲשֶׁר may however be the object of אָמַר). In 1Sam 16:7 אֲשֶׁר יִרְאֶה הָאָדָם read כַּאֲשֶׁר, see Dr. feminine combined with prepositions, אֲשֶׁר converts them into conjunctions: see below, בַּאֲשֶׁר, כַּאֲשֶׁר, מֵאֲשֶׁר. On its use similarly with (אַחֲרֵי) אַחַר, מִבְּלִי, בַּעֲבוּר, עַל דְּבַר, יַעַן, לְמַעַן, כְּפִי, עַד, עַל, עֵקֶב, מִפְּנֵי, תַּחַת, see these words. — הַאֲשֶׁר, with ה interrogative, occurs once, 2Kgs 6:22. In Deut 15:14 also read כַּאֲשֶׁר: note ברכך before.

Note 1. אֲשֶׁר being a connecting link, without any perfectly corresponding equivalent in English, its force is not unfrequently capable of being represented in more than one way. See e.g. 2Sam 2:5 (above 8 c), Isa 28:12 unto whom he said, or for that he said to them.

Note 2. The opinion that אֲשֶׁר has an asseverative force (like כִּי, q. v.), or introduces the apodosis, is not probably, being both alien to its general usage & not required by the passages alleged. Render Isa 8:20 either 'Surely according to this word will those speak who have no dawn,' or '. . . will they speak when (compare above 8 d Deut 11:27; Josh 4:21) they have no dawn.'

BDB845 H834

BDB844 | BIBLICAL HEBREW | BDB846

בַּאֲשֶׁר 19
  a. in (that) which . . . Isa 56:4; Isa 65:12; Isa 66:4 (above 1); Eccl 3:9 in (that, in) which (4 c); Isa 47:12 (see 2). b. adverb in (the place) where: above 4 b (γ). c. conjunction in that, inasmuch as, Gen 39:9; Gen 39:23; Eccl 7:2; Eccl 8:4 compare .
  d. Jonah 1:8 בַּאֲשֶׁר לְמִי on account of whom ? (בַּאֲשֶׁר לְ on account of, framed on model of Aramaic בְּדִיל: see below שֶׁל).

כַּאֲשֶׁר see below כְּ.

BDB846 H834

BDB845 | BIBLICAL HEBREW | BDB847

מֵאֲשֶׁר17
  a. from (or than) that which (him, them, etc., that . . .) Gen 3:11; Exod 29:27 (twice in verse); Num 6:11 (see Lev 4:26; Josh 10:11; Judg 16:30; Isa 47:13 +; than that . . . Eccl 3:22 לְבַד מֵאֲשֶׁר Esth 4:11. b. adverb from (the place) where: above 4 a (β). c. conjunction from (the fact) that . . ., since Isa 43:4.

BDB9440 H1768 H2088 H834

BDB9439 | BIBLICAL ARAMAIC | BDB9441

דִּי particle of relation, who, which, that, used also as mark of genitive and conjunction that, because (Aramaic of Nineveh, Babylonian, Zinjirli, Nerab, Cilicia, Têma, Egypt, ןי (Lzb267. 446 RES361 S-CPap. A 2 +); Nabataean, Palmyrene די; ᵑ7 דְּ (except in compounds, as דִּילִי mine, דִּילֵיהּ his); Samaritan ; Syriac ; Ethiopic za: of same origin as Arabic possessor of [compare below Biblical Hebrew זֶה]. Properly a demonstrative that [compare זֶה; in Ethiopic ze is 'this', za 'which']; but this being referred by usage to something preceding becomes equivalent to the relative who, which, used, however, more widely than Hebrew אֲשֶׁר); —

1. as rel. who, which (construed like אֲשֶׁר): a. Jer 10:11; Dan 2:11 דִּי מְדָֽרְהוֺן whose dwelling, vDan 2:24 דִּי מַנִּי מַלְבָּא whom the king had appointed, vDan 2:26 ׳דִּי שְׁמֵהּ בּ whose name was B., Dan 4:5; Dan 5:12; Dan 5:23, etc.; = that which Dan 2:23 = him that Ezra 7:25; Ezra 6:15; Dan 7:17 דִּת אִנוּן אַרְבַּע which are four (see אִנּוּן). Following pronoun of 2 person (compare אֲשֶׁר 3), Dan 2:37 thou, O king ..., דִּי ֗֗֗ יְהַב לָח to whom... hath given, Dan 4:19; Dan 4:6 as to whom I know, etc. (compare אֲשֶׁר 4 d end). Sq. תַּמָּה = where Ezra 6:1, so דִּי alone Ezra 6:3; Dan 2:38 of time, בְּעִדָּנָא דִּי at the time when, etc., Dan 3:5; Dan 3:15. With the predicate an infinitive with לְ, Dan 6:9 כְּתָבָא דִּי לָא לְהַשְׁנָיָה which is not to be changed, Ezra 6:8 a place- or other determination, Dan 3:20 valiant men בְחֵילֵהּ that were in his army, Dan 5:2 הֵיכְלָא דִּי בִירוּשְׁלֵב, Dan 7:20; Ezra 4:24; Ezra 5:6; Ezra 6:2; Ezra 6:6 compare Dan 2:25; Dan 5:13; Dan 7:7; Ezra 7:23. דִּי לָא = without, Ezra 6:9; Ezra 7:22 (so דְּלָא ᵑ7 Gen 15:2; Exod 21:11); compare Dan 2:34; Dan 2:45.
  b. מָן דִּי, מָה דִּי (compare in late Hebrew ׳מַהשֶּֿׁ, מַה 1 e b) whoever, whatever, so Dan 3:6; Dan 3:11 יִפֵּל ָ(מןדִּֿילָֿא whoever does not fall down, Dan 4:14 לְמָן דִּי יִצְבֵּא to whomsoever he willeth, v.Dan 4:22 v.Dan 4:29; Dan 5:21 מָה דִי whatever (or simply what), Dan 2:28 מָה דִּי לֶהֱוֵא what will be, vDan 2:29 vDan 2:29 vDan 2:45; Ezra 6:8; Ezra 7:18. — compare K§ 103.
2. as mark of the genitive, Dan 2:15 שׁליטא די מלכא properly the captain, that of the king = the king's captain (a genuine Aramaic idiom: so ᵑ7 דְּ, Syriac constantly), vDan 2:19 vDan 2:25 vDan 2:49 + often: the substantive in such cases may be either in the emphatic state (determined), as ll. cc. Ezra 4:15; Ezra 5:2, etc., or in the absolute state (undetermined), Dan 5:5; Dan 7:4; Dan 7:9; Dan 7:10 נְהַר דִּי נוּר; or it may have a pleonastic suffix, Dan 2:20 שְׁמֵהּ דִּי אֱלָהָא literally his name, that of God = God's name, vDan 2:44; Dan 3:8; Dan 3:25; Dan 3:26; Dan 4:23, etc. (so also ᵑ7 Syriac). To circumscribe an adjective, especially in specification of the material: Dan 2:38 thou art רֵאשָׁה דִּי דַהֲבָא the head of gold, vDan 2:39; Dan 3:1; Dan 5:7; Dan 5:16; Ezra 5:14; Ezra 6:4 +; as predicate Dan 2:32 רֵאשֵׁהּ דִּידְֿהַב טָב his head (was) of fine gold, vDan 2:33; Dan 7:19 with a pronoun Dan 2:20 wisdom and might דִּילֵֿהּ הִיא are his; compare Dan 6:27 וּמַלְכוּתֵהּ דִּילָֿא תִתְחַבַּל his kingdom (is one) which shall not be destroyed, Dan 7:14. — See further K§ 81.
3. as conjunction (compare אֲשֶׁר 8):
  a. that (quod), after verbs of knowing, Dan 2:8; Dan 2:9, seeing Dan 2:45; Dan 3:27, hearing Dan 5:14, etc.; introducing the subject of a sentence, יְדִיעַ ֗֗֗ דִּי ֗֗֗ Dan 3:18; Ezra 4:13; Dan 2:47 מִןקְֿשֹׁט דִּי ֗֗֗ True is it that . . . (compare אָמְנָם כִּי Job 12:2).
  b. = in that, inasmuch as, whereas: Dan 2:41 and whereas (דִּי) thou sawest, etc. . . . it shall be adivided kingdom, vDan 2:43; Dan 4:20; Dan 4:23 as a connecting link$ = seeing that, because, for (compare אֲשֶׁר 8 c) Dan 2:9; Dan 2:20b; Dan 2:23b; Dan 2:47b; Dan 4:15; Dan 6:24b.
  c. that (ut), after verbs of asking Dan 2:16, commanding Dan 3:10; Dan 3:29, expressing a purpose Dan 4:3; Dan 5:15; Ezra 4:15; Ezra 6:10 +; דִּי לָא that not (ne) Dan 2:18; Dan 3:28; Dan 6:18 (on דִּי לְמָה lest Ezra 7:23, see מה).
  d. prefixed to direct narr. (like כִּי 1 b, and sometimes אֲשֶׁר 8 a γ, and ὅτι recitativum), Dan 2:25 and said thus unto him דִּיהַֿשְׁכַּחַת (that) I have found, etc., Dan 5:7; Dan 6:6; Dan 6:14.
4. with prepositions and other prefixes:
  a. כְּ דִי (like Hebrew כַּאֲשֶׁר; so Egyptian Aramaic כזי, Palmyrene, Nabataean כדי, Lzb293 SACG1 62, 63 Cooke369 b RES:361; ᵑ7 כַּד, Syriac ); a according as, Dan 2:43 b. so soon as, when, Dan 3:7; Dan 5:20; Dan 6:11; Dan 6:15.
  b. מִןדִּֿי: a. because that, Dan 3:22; Ezra 5:12 (compare מֵאֲשֶׁר Isa 43:4); b. from (the time) that, after (ex quo), Dan 4:23; Ezra 4:23.
  c. עַד דִּי until, Dan 2:9; Dan 2:34; Dan 4:30; Dan 7:22 = ere that Dan 6:25.
  d. עַל דִּי Dan 3:19 is not a conjunction, but means above that which ...
  e. for עַל דִּבְרַת דִּי and כָּלקֳֿבֵל דִּי see [ דִּבְרָה] and קֳבֵל.

which, that, as, whom, who, …
ʾăšer
who, which, what, that; also (as an adverb and a conjunction) when, where, how, because, in order that, etc
  • (relative part.)
    • which, who
      • "that which
    (conj)
    • that (in obj clause)
      • "when"since"as"conditional if

עַל
עַל
Preposition upon, against, over, in, for, …
Dictionary form: עַל · al

Preposition

In the KJV here: is in
upon ×1122 against ×378 over ×273 for ×229 in ×225 on ×187 by ×148 unto ×137
More options
on — Best default; spatial or metaphorical contact with a surface.
over — Prefer for authority, covering, or movement across.
about — Use for topics, concerns, or matters relating to something.
against — Use for hostility, opposition, or transgression.
concerning — Formal register; suits legal or prophetic discourse.
because of — Causal sense; when עַל introduces a reason.

BDB3996 H3588 H5921 H3651

BDB3995 | BIBLICAL HEBREW | BDB3997

כִּי עַל כֵּן forasmuch as, a peculiar phrase found Gen 18:5; Gen 19:8; Gen 33:10; Gen 38:26; Num 10:31; Num 14:43; Judg 6:22; 2Sam 18:20 Qr (rightly), Jer 29:28; Jer 38:4 — literally for therefore, emphasizing the ground pleonastically (Ew§ 353 a ). The original force of the phrase is traceable in some of the passages in which it occurs, as Gen 18:5 let me fetch a morsel of bread, and comfort your heart; כִּיעַֿלכֵּֿן עֲבַרְתֶּם עַל עַבְדְּכֶם for therefore (that is, to partake of such hospitality) are ye come to your servant, Num 14:43 the Amalekite and the Canaanite are there, and ye will fall by the sword, כִּיעַֿלכֵּֿן שַׁבְתֶּם for therefore (to encounter such a fate) have ye turned back from ׳י etc.: but in process of time the distinct sense of its component parts was no doubt gradually obscured, and it thus came to be used conventionally, as a mere particle of causation, even where there was no preceding statement to which עַל כֵּן therefore could be explicitly referred. אֲשֶׁר עַל כֵּן appears to be used similarly (compare אֲשֶׁר 8 c) Job 34:27.

BDB6085 H5920 H5921

BDB6084 | BIBLICAL HEBREW | BDB6086

עַל, עָ֑ל (compare Köii. 261 f.) I. substantive height (poetry) Hos 7:16 יָשׁוּבוּ לֹא עָֹל they return (but) not upwards (i.e. not God-wards), Hos 11:7 וְאֶלעַֿל יִקְרָאֻהוּ they (the prophets) call it (the people) upwards, (but) none striveth to rise; as adverb accusative, 2Sam 23:1 the man הֻ֣קַּם עָ֔ל (that) is raised up on high. With מִן, מֵעָ֑ל, (ה)שׁמים מֵעָ֑ל (the) heavens above Gen 27:39; Gen 49:25; Ps 50:4 (opposed to מִתַּחַת Exod 20:4. In prose מִמַּעַל).

II. As preposition upon, and hence on the ground of, according to, on account of, on behalf of, concerning, beside, in addition to, together with, beyond, above, over, by, on to, towards, to, against (SI4.6; Moabite, Aramaic id.; Phoenician על, and עלת; Palmyrene, Nabataean על; Sabean עלי, Arabic ); — abbreviated from עֲלֵי (compare אֱלֵי, עֲדֵי), which is preserved in poetry, Gen 49:17 (twice in verse); Gen 49:22 (twice in verse); Num 24:6 (twice in verse); Deut 32:2 (twice in verse); Isa 18:4; Jer 8:18; Mic 5:6; Lam 4:5; 1Kgs 20:41 Qr, Job 7:1 Qr + 10 t. Psalms, 3 t. Proverbs, 15 t. Job; with suffix עָלַי; עָלֶיךָ, עָלַיִךְ ( Ps 116:7 the Aramaizing form עָלָ֑יְכִי); עָלָיו, Psalm 1Sam 2:10 עָלָו, עָלֶיהָ; 1 plural עָלֵינוּ; 2 masculine plural עֲלֵיכֶם, Exod 12:13 עֲלֵכֶם, 2 feminine plural עֲלֵיכֶן Ezek 23:49 3 masculine plural עֲלֵיהֶם, 13 t. in Pentateuch עֲלֵהֶם Gen 45:15, etc. (Köii. 305), in poetry עָלֵ֫ימוֺ Deut 22:23 + 11 t. Psalms, Job (perhaps sometimes, Ges«GKC:103i»§ 103i, N.); 3 feminine plural עֲלֵיהֶן, Lev 3:4; Lev 3:10; Lev 3:15 עֲלֵהֶן (on the apparently plur. form of עֲלֵי, עָלַי etc., see Köii. 309 ff., and compare below עַד).

1. Upon, of the substratum upon which an object in any way rests, or on which an action is performed; as עלהֿארץ upon the earth Gen 1:11; Gen 1:26; Gen 7:6, etc., Ps 110:6 על ארץ רבה over a wide country; על האדמה upon the ground Ezek 20:12 + often, Amos 7:12 עַל אֲדָמָה טְמֵאָה, Isa 14:2 ׳על אדמת י, Ps 137:4 עַל אַדְמַת נֵכָר (אֲרָמָה being properly ground, soil, is construed regularly with על, באדמה being very rare), more definitely על פני האדמה Gen 6:1; Num 12:3 + often; על מקום Lev 14:28; Jer 45:5 (uncommon: usually בְּ); Deut 17:20; Isa 9:6 על מַמְלַכְתּוֺ upon his realm, 2Chr 1:1 על בָּֽתִּים very strangely Hos 11:11 (read וַהֲשִׁבֹתִים with ᵐ5 : see 7 c α β); constantly after such verbs as נוח, ישׁב, רכב, etc., Gen 8:4; Exod 11:5 כתב על to write (idiomatic) on a book or other surface, Josh 10:13, etc.; יצא על go forth over Gen 41:45; Zech 5:3; Ps 81:6 with נִשְׁעַן, נִסְמַךְ, בָּטַח (figurative), to lean or trust upon: Gen 3:14 to go עַל גְּחֹנְךָ upon thy belly, Gen 32:32 to limp עַל יְרֵכוֺ upon his thigh, 1Sam 14:13; Ezek 37:10; Judg 15:8 to smite שׁוֺק עַל יָרֵךְ leg upon thigh, i.e. so that the scattered limbs fall one upon another, Amos 3:15. And with reference not a horizontal surface but to a side, Lev 1:5 + זָרַק עַל to pour against the altar, 1Kgs 6:5; 1Kgs 6:18 to build against the temple, Josh 10:27, etc. Figurative Exod 23:13 let it not be heard עַל פִּיךָ upon thy mouth (in our idiom, upon thy lips, as Prov 22:18), Ps 15:3 לֹא רָגַל עַל לְשֹׁנוֺ he slandereth not (i.e. prepares not slander) upon his tongue, 2Sam 23:2 וּמִלָּתוֺ עַל לְשׁוֺנִי, Prov 16:23; Prov 16:27; Prov 31:26; Eccl 5:1 compare עַל שְׂפָתַיִם נָשָׂא or עַל פֶּה Ps 16:4; Ps 50:16; Ezek 36:3b.

Specially
  a. —
   (a) of clothing, etc., which any one wears, Gen 37:23 the tunic אשׁר עליו which was upon him, Josh 9:5; 1Kgs 11:30; Ruth 3:15 +; Gen 24:30; Gen 38:30; 2Sam 13:18, of a sword 2Sam 20:8; Song 3:8 so הָיָה עַל Lev 16:4; Deut 22:5; Ezek 44:18; 1Chr 15:27; 1Chr 18:7 (|| 2Sam 8:7 אֶל); compare לֹא יַעֲלֶה עָלֶיךָ Lev 19:19; Ezek 44:17, and with הֶעֱלָה, below, 7 b.


   (b) With verbs of covering or protecting, even though the cover or veil be not over or above the thing covered, but around or before it ('upon' referred to a side) : see גָּנַן, כָּסָה, סָכַךְ, עָטָה Neh 2:8 יד אלהי הטובה עלי, compare vNeh 2:18; Ezra 7:6; Ezra 7:9; Ezra 8:18; Ezra 8:22; Ezra 8:31; Exod 27:21 the veil that is over (i.e. before) the testimony, 1Sam 25:16 חוֺמָה הָיוּ עָלֵינוּ they were a wall about us; סָגַר עַל to shut in (or down) upon Exod 14:13; Job 12:14; Ezek 13:5; Job 13:27; Job 26:9; Job 36:30 he spreadeth his light עָלָיו about him.


  b. Of what rests heavily upon a person, or is a burden to him, Isa 1:14 הָיוּ עָלַי לָטֹרַח they are a cumbrance upon me, Job 7:20 I am a burden עָלַי upon myself, 2Sam 15:33 (compare with אֶל 2Sam 19:36); כָּבַד עֶל to be heavy upon Exod 5:9 and elsewhere (see כָּבַד); of sin, calamity, etc. Isa 53:5; Ezek 33:10; Ps 88:8; Job 21:9; 2Chr 15:5; 2Chr 28:13; Eccl 6:1; Eccl 8:6 (compare 5 a β); Lev 7:20 וְטֻמְאָתוֺ עָלָיו Lev 22:3: idiomatically, Gen 48:7 מֵתָה עָלַי רָחֵל Rachel died upon me (i.e. to my sorrow), Gen 33:13 וְהַבָּקָר עָלוֺת עָלַי are giving suck upon me (i.e. as a. care to me), Num 11:13 יִבְכּוּ עָלַי they weep upon me (vexing me), Judg 14:16; Judg 14:17; Judg 19:2 (see Be), 1Sam 21:6 to play the mad man upon me, Jer 12:11.
  c. Of a duty, payment, care, etc., imposed upon a person, or devolving on him, as שָׂם עַל to lay upon, Exod 5:8; Exod 21:22; Exod 21:30 (שָׁת), Exod 22:4, compare Gen 47:26; 2Chr 35:25 with other verbs, Job 38:10; Deut 24:5; Deut 26:6; 2Kgs 15:20; 2Kgs 18:14; 2Kgs 23:33; Neh 10:33 (twice in verse); Esth 1:8; Esth 9:21; Esth 9:27; Esth 9:31 with צִוָּה enjoin upon Gen 2:16 + often, כתב prescribe to 2Kgs 22:13; Ps 40:8, נטשׁ cast upon 1Sam 17:20 (1Sam 17:22 על יד), נתן על יד (figurative) Gen 42:37; 2Kgs 12:12; 2Kgs 22:5, compare 1Kgs 14:27, עזב Ps 10:14, גלל Ps 37:5, השׁליך Ps 55:23, פקד Job 34:13 and elsewhere; Gen 30:28 נָקְבָה שְׂכָֽרְךָ עָלַי fix thy wages upon me (name thy wages to me), Gen 34:12 הַרְבּוּ עָלַי מְאֹד מֹהַר וּמַתָּן multiply upon me, etc., 2Sam 19:39 (pregnantly) whatsoever thou choosest (and layest) upon me; without a verb, Judg 19:20 רַק כָּלמַֿחְסֹערךָ עָלָ֑י only let all thy wants be upon me, Ezra 10:4; Ps 56:13 עָלַי נְדָרֶיךָ thy vows are upon me (i.e. I owe them: compare Num 30:7; Num 30:9; Num 30:15), Prov 7:14 זִבְחֵי שְׁלָמִים עָלָ֑י peace-offerings were upon me (= were due from me); perhaps Ps 62:1; Ps 77:1 (to the charge of); with an infinitive 2Sam 18:11 וְעָלַי לָתֵת and it would have been incumbent on me to give, etc., 1Kgs 4:7; Ezra 10:12 (accents [Baer], RVm), Neh 13:3, compare Zech 12:2 (Ew RVm); Num 7:9 (P) the service of ... was upon them, Ezek 45:17, so especially late 1Chr 9:27; 1Chr 9:33; 1Chr 23:31; 2Chr 2:3 לעולם זאת על ישׂראל 2Chr 8:15; 2Chr 24:9; Ezra 7:11; Neh 11:23; Isa 9:5 and the government is upon, his shoulder (compare Isa 22:22), 2Chr 25:3; Ps 7:11 ׳מָֽגִנִּי עַלאֿ my shield rests upon God (he has undertaken my defence), Ps 62:8 עלאֿלהים יִשְׁעִי וּכְבֹדִי.


  d. על is used idiomatically to give pathos to the expression of an emotion, by emphasizing the person who is its subject, and who, as it were, feels it acting upon him: Ps 42:6 why art thou cast down, O my soul, וַתֶּהֱמִי עָלַי and disquieted upon me? vPs 42:7 my soul upon me is cast down, vPs 42:12; Ps 43:5; Lam 3:20; Ps 131:2 כְּגָמֻל עֲלֵי אִמּוֺ כַּגָּמוּל עָלַי נַפְשִׁי is my soul upon me; Ps 142:4 בְּהִתְעַטֵף עָלַי רוּחִי when my spirit faints upon me, Ps 143:4; Jonah 2:8; Jer 8:18 עָלַי לִבִּי דַרוָָּֽי ׃ my heart upon me is sick, Job 14:22 (twice in verse) (compare Di), Hos 11:8 נהפך עלי לבי my heart is turned (altered) upon me, 1Sam 17:32; 1Sam 25:36; Neh 5:7 וַיִמָּלֵךְ לִבִּי עָלַי and my heart took counsel upon me: compare Ps 42:5 I will pour out my soul upon me, Job 30:16; Job 10:1 אעזבה עלי שׂיחי I will let loose my complaint upon me. (Thes apud me, mecum. The rend. 'within me' alters entirely the point of view of the Hebrew expression, and is incorrect.) Denoting with some emphasis the subject of an experience, Job 30:2 עלימו אבד כָּ֑לַךְ, Dan 2:1 his sleep נִהְיְתָה עָלָיו was done with upon him (compare Aramaic Dan 6:19 נַדַּת עֲלוֺהִי), Dan 10:8 וְהוֺדִי נֶהְפַּךְ עָלַי (compare Dan 5:9; Dan 7:28): also, rather differently, Lev 18:18b Jer 49:20 אִם לֹא יַשִׁים עֲלֵיהֶם נְוֵהֶם, Mic 7:13; Ps 90:17b; Ps 7:9 according to my perfectness upon me, Ezek 18:20; Ezek 22:3; 2Chr 36:8.


  e. חָיָה עַל to live upon (as upon a foundation or support; compare Isa 3:1, and Ζῆν ἐπί τινος), Deut 8:3 עַלהַֿלֶּחֶם, Isa 38:16 (compare Hi), Gen 27:40 על חרבך תחיה upon ( = by) thy sword thou shalt live (compare Kazwiniii. 17 ap. Tu), Ezek 33:19, compare vEzek 33:26. feminine Of the ground, or basis, on which a thing is done, as Gen 24:9 על הדבר הזה, Lev 17:12 if he offers it עַל תּוֺדָה on the ground of a thanks-giving, Num 6:21 עַל נִזְרוֺ, vb Ezek 16:15; Ezek 28:17; Dan 8:25 עַל שִׂכְלוֺ, Dan 9:18 עַל צדקותינו, (with this use is extended so as to denote explicitly on condition of). Hence
   (a) the basis being conceived as regulative, על comes to denote the norm or standard (compare German 'auf die Art' WAG ii. § 59 i): the transition may be seen in a passage like Exod 24:8 the covenant which ׳י made with you on the basis of (על), or in agreement with, all these words (compare על פי Exod 34:27), Num 35:24 האלה על המשׁפטים, Deut 17:11; Jer 30:18 the palace shall sit (i.e. be inhabited: see ישׁב) עַל מִשְׁפָּטוֺ in accordance with its manner, Ps 94:20 who frames mischief עֲלֵיחֹֿק in accordance with a law, ... על פי according to the mouth (i.e. command, Gen 45:21 + oft, evidence Deut 17:6; Deut 19:15, sentence Deut 21:5) of . . .; עַל שֵׁם ֗֗֗֗ according to the name of . . . (mostly with call, be called) Gen 48:6; Exod 28:21; 2Sam 18:18 +, compare 1Chr 23:14; Exod 6:26; Exod 12:51 על צִבְאֹתָם according to their hosts (usually לְ), Num 1:18 על משׁפחתם (usually לְ) vNum 1:52; Num 2:2; Num 2:34; Num 7:3 (|| ל), Deut 18:8 (probably); עַל יְדֵי according to the hands (direction) of Jer 5:31; Jer 33:13 al.; Ps 110:4 ׳עַל דִּבְרָתִי מ after the manner of M.; Prov 25:11 (probably) a word spoken עַל אָעפנָיו in accordance with its circumstances = appositely; of the tune according to which a song is to be sung (RV. set to) Ps 6:1 (1Chr 15:21), Ps 8:1; Ps 9:1; Ps 12:1; Ps 45:1; Ps 46:1 (1Chr 15:20) עַלעֲֿלָמוֺת (perhaps, however, in the manner of maidens = for 'sopranos'), Ps 53:1; Ps 56:1; Ps 60:1; Ps 69:1; Ps 81:1; Ps 84:1; Ps 88:1 (compare in Syriac ).


   (b) The basis being conceived as involving the ground, על denotes the cause or reason, on account of, because of, Gen 20:3 lo thou shalt die עַל הָאִשָּׁה on account of the woman, Gen 21:12; Gen 26:7; Gen 26:9; Gen 27:41; Gen 42:21; Lev 4:3; Lev 4:28; Lev 5:18; Lev 19:17; Lev 26:18; Lev 26:24; Lev 26:28; Deut 9:18; Deut 24:16 fathers shall not be put to death עלבֿנים on account of children, Deut 31:18; Josh 9:20; Jer 1:16; Jer 5:9; Ezek 18:26 עליהם (|| Ezek 33:18 בָּהֶם), Prov 28:21; Ps 39:12; Ps 50:8 + often; Ps 44:23 עָלֶיךָ הֹרַגְנוּ on thy account are we slain all the day, Ps 69:8; Jer 15:15 in the phrases דְּבַר עַ֗֗֗ל, עַל אוֺדוֺת, עַל זֹאת and עַל זֶה on this account, עַל מָה on what account ? עַלכֵּֿן = therefore (see דָּבָר, אוֺדָה, etc.); before an infinitive, as Exod 17:7 ׳וְעַל נַסּוֺתָם אֶתיֿ and on, account of their trying ׳י, Amos 1:3 עַל דּוּשָׁם on account of their threshing = because they threshed, vAmos 1:6 vAmos 1:9 vAmos 1:11 vAmos 1:13, etc., Jer 2:35 עַל אָמְרֵךְ because of thy saying, Jer 9:12; Jer 16:18 +; and as a conjunction both with and without אֲשֶׁר or כִּי (see below III). And so often of the ground or cause of fear, grief, delight, or other emotions, e.g. Exod 18:9; Exod 32:14 (נִחַם repent: so often), 1Sam 4:13; 1Sam 30:6; 2Sam 1:26; 2Sam 3:8; 1Kgs 21:4; 2Kgs 6:11; Jer 10:19; Amos 6:6.


   (c) Somewhat more strongly, on behalf of, for the sake of, Gen 19:17 escape על נפשׁך forthy life; Judg 9:17; 2Kgs 10:3 נִלְחֵם עַל (usually ל); 1Kgs 2:18 I will speak on thy behalf to the king, v1Kgs 2:19 (2Kgs 4:13 לְ); Esth 4:16; Esth 4:8; Esth 7:7; Esth 8:11; Esth 9:16; Dan 12:1 על עמד stand up (in late Hebrew) on behalf of; התפלל על intercede for (usually בעד) Job 42:8; Neh 1:6; 2Chr 30:18; 2Chr 29:21; Ezra 8:35 and very often with כִּפֶּר (q. v.) make atonement for. (Not very common with other verbs.)


   (d) Sometimes it acquires almost a final force, for; Exod 12:4; Exod 29:36; Exod 30:16; Deut 27:13 there shall stand עַלהַֿקְּלָלָה (|| vDeut 27:12 לְבָרֵךְ), Ps 89:4 עַלמַֿהשָּֿׁוְא בָּרָאתָ כָלעֿבּנֵיאָֿדָם unto what vanity hast thou created, etc.! Prov 29:5b 2Chr 23:18; Eccl 3:17.


   (e) Of a condition, or attendant circumstances (rare; so , WAG ii § 59 e): Ps 50:5 זָ֑בַח׃ עֲלֵי upon, with sacrifice, Ps 92:4 ׳עֲלי עָשׂוֺר וגו with a ten-stringed instrument, with a harp, with sounding music on a lyre; עַל רִיב upon occasion of a law-suit Exod 23:2; Ezek 44:24, עַל יוֺם טוֺב 1Sam 25:8 (compare at a time of. . . Qor 28:14), Neh 12:22 (? read עַד BeRy), Isa 18:4 כְּחֹם צַח עֲלֵי אוֺר at time of sunshine, Isa 64:11 עַל אֵלֶּה, Jer 8:18 עֲלֵי יָגוֺן at time of sorrow, Jer 16:7 (but Gie עַל אָבֵל to): with abstract substantives to form a periphrase for adverbs, Lev 5:22 and swear עַל שֶׁקֶר upon falseness = falsely, Jer 6:14 = Jer 8:11 to heal a wound עַל נְקַלָּה lightly, easily, Ps 31:24 עַל יֶתֶר = abundantly, Isa 60:7 עַל רָצוֺן = acceptably (compare = with delight).


   (f) It hence acquires the force of in spite of, notwithstanding (so , WAG ii. § 59 h), Job 10:7 עַל דַּעְתְּךָ in spite of thy knowing, Job 34:6 משׁפטי על notwithstanding my right I am to be a liar (Di De Da RV: otherwise Hi RVm). compare below, III c b.


   (g) Upon, concerning, with verbs of speaking, as דִּבֶּר Judg 9:3; 1Kgs 5:13, אָמַר, Jer 16:3; Jer 27:19 (|| אל) Jer 33:4, hearing Gen 41:15 שָׁמַעְתִּי עָלֶיךָ I have heard concerning thee, saying, etc., 1Kgs 10:6; Isa 37:9 (|| 2Kgs 19:9 אל), disputing Gen 26:11, telling 1Sam 27:11; Joel 1:3, commanding 2Sam 14:8; 1Kgs 11:10, being vexed 1Kgs 21:4; 2Kgs 6:11, crying 2Kgs 8:5, confessing Ps 32:5; Neh 1:6 of the object of a prophecy or vision 1Kgs 22:8; Isa 1:1; Isa 2:1 and often with similar verbs.


   (h) In a somewhat weaker sense, in the matter of, as regards, Gen 41:32 וְעַל הִשָּׁנוֺת הַחֲלוֺם, Exod 22:8; Ruth 4:7; Lev 5:22; Lev 5:26; Dan 9:14b Neh 9:33 חָטָא עַל Lev 4:14 (|| בָּהּ vLev 4:23, cognate accusative vLev 4:28), Lev 5:5; Num 6:11; Neh 13:26 עַלדְּֿבַר ֗֗֗ in the matter of, Num 25:18; Num 31:16.

2. It expresses excess (synonym מִן q. v.); Gen 48:22 I give thee שְׁכֶם אַחַר עַל אַחֶיךָ one shoulder (ridge) above thy brethren, Exod 16:5 מִשְׁנֶה על double above or beyond, Num 3:46; Deut 25:3 stripes עַלאֵֿלֶּה beyond these, Josh 3:15 Jordan מָלֵא עַל was full over all its banks (compare Josh 4:18; Isa 8:7b הלך על, עלה) Ps 138:2; Eccl 1:16; Dan 1:20 עֶשֶׂר יָדוֺת עַל ten times above (compare in Aramaic Dan 3:19, and Qor 37:153), Ezra 1:6 לְבַר עַל = beside (see בַּד); Ps 16:2 (si vera lectio) טוֺבָתִי בַל עָלֶיךָ my welfare is not beyond thee, i.e. does not lie outside thee. — Of time, Lev 15:25 if she has an issue עַל נִדָּתָהּ beyond her time of impurity (compare Isa 32:10, 4 b).

3. It denotes elevation or pre-eminence, as עליון על high (figurative) above, Deut 26:19 al., Deut 28:43 יעלה עליך will go up above thee, compare Prov 31:29; Ps 57:6; Ps 57:12 be thou exalted above the heavens, Ps 89:8; Ps 95:3; Ps 96:4, etc., Neh 9:5 with words (q. v.) such as גכר, גדל, חזק, נשׂא (Ni. Pi`el Hithpa`el), עזז, and especially those denoting rule or superintendence, as מלך, הפקיד; so with שָׁת, היה, נתן, Gen 41:33; Gen 41:40; Gen 41:43 שׂם; 1Sam 18:5 with פָּקִיד, שַׂר, מֶלֶךְ, etc., Gen 41:34; Exod 1:11; Exod 18:21, etc.; absolute 2Sam 8:16 Joab was עלהֿצבא over the host, 2Sam 20:23 b. v2Sam 20:24; 1Kgs 4:4-6; 1Kgs 5:30; Num 10:14ff.; 1Chr 9:23; 1Chr 9:26ff. 1Chr 27:25ff.; 2Chr 30:17; 2Chr 31:12 אֲשֶׁר עַל בֵּיתוֺ of Joseph's steward Gen 43:16; Gen 43:19; Gen 44:1; Gen 44:4 and in the official titles אֲשֶׁר עַלהַֿבַּיִת = the Governor of the Palace Isa 22:15 and elsewhere (see כַּיִת 6); אֲשֶׁר עַלהַֿמַּם the overseer of the forced labour 1Kgs 12:18 אשׁר עלהֿעיר the governor of the city 2Kgs 10:5, אשׁר על המלתחה v2Kgs 10:22.

4. It expresses addition (compare ἐπὶ in Greek, e.g.ἐπὶ τούτοις); namely
  a. introducing the complement of a verb, as with יָסַף to add upon or to, Ps 61:7 + often (see יָסַף), שָׁת to put to Gen 30:40, נִלְוָה to be joined to Num 18:24; Isa 14:1 (also with אֶל), נָפַל: to fall to, i.e. desert to, Jer 21:9 +, עכר to pass over to Exod 30:13; Exod 30:14; Isa 45:14 (compare Isa 60:5); also Hab 2:16 תִּסֹּב כּוֺם עַל Lam 4:21; Esth 4:7 נֶחְשַׁב to be reckoned to Lev 25:31; 2Sam 4:2, היה על Num 36:12; Ps 69:28 תְּנָה עָוֺן עַל עֲוֺנָם, Isa 56:8 עוֺר אֲקַבֵּץ עָלָיו I will yet gather (others) unto him.


  b. Used absolutely, as Gen 28:9 he took Mahalath עַל נָשָׁיו in addition to his (other) wives, Gen 31:50 (compare אל Lev 18:18), Num 31:8 עַל חַלְלֵיהֶם in addition to their slain (|| Josh 13:22 אֶל), Deut 23:14; Ezek 16:37; Ezek 16:43; Ezek 25:10; Isa 32:10 יָמִים עַל שָׁנָה days upon, in addition to, a year, 2Chr 31:15 יָמִים עַל יָמִים, Ezek 7:26 הֹוָה עַל הֹוָה תָבוֺא (|| אל), Jer 4:20 (if נִקְרָא = be proclaimed), Job 16:14 יִפְרְצֵנִי פֶרֶץ עַלפְּֿנֵיפָֿ֑רֶץ (compare LagM iii. 112; also Iliad 14:130 ἕλκος ἐφ’ ἕλκει, Odyssey 7:120f; Qoran 31:13). So often in laws of P (compare c), Lev 7:12 he shall offer עַלזֶֿבַת הַתּוֺרָה in addition to the sacrifice of thanksgiving, etc., vLev 7:13 b Num 6:20; Num 15:9; Num 28:10; Num 28:15; Num 28:24 (compare מִלְּבַר vNum 28:31; Num 29:6), Num 35:6; Ezek 16:43 (Hi Sm RV: compare Ezek 44:7 אל).


  c. Hence by an easy transition it denotes together with, with, Exod 35:22 men together with (עַל) women, Job 38:32 וְעַיִשׁ עַלבָּֿנֶיהָ תַנְחֵם and the Bear with her children, wilt thou lead them? 1Kgs 15:20; Jer 3:18 the house of Israel with the house of Judah, Mic 5:2 (Ca Ke Kue; but al. as 7 c a), Gen 32:12 lest he come and smite me, אֵם עַל בָּנִים the mother with the children (compare Hos 10:14; Deut 22:6); and as a techn. term in the regulations for sacrifice, especially with אכל, Exod 12:8, יאֹכְלֻהוּ עַלמְֿדֹרִים together with bitter herbs they shall eat it, vExod 12:9 his head with (על) his legs, etc., Num 9:11; Deut 16:3 לֹאתֿאֹכַל עָלָיו חָמֵץ (compare Exod 23:18; Exod 34:25), vExod 34:3 in the phrase אכל על הדם to eat with the blood 1Sam 14:32; 1Sam 14:33 (1Sam 14:34 אל), Lev 19:26; Ezek 33:25 (compare in Greek e.g. ἐπὶ τῷ σίτῳ πίνειν ὕδωρ); see also Lev 2:2; Lev 2:16; Lev 3:4 (so vLev 3:10 vLev 3:15; Lev 4:9; Lev 7:4), Lev 4:11; Lev 7:13a, Lev 7:30; Lev 10:15; Lev 14:31; Lev 23:18; Lev 23:20; Num 6:17; Num 19:5; 1Chr 7:4.

5. It expresses the idea of being suspended, or extended, over anything, without however being in contact with it, above, over: Gen 1:20 let fowl fly over the earth, Gen 19:23 השׁמשׁ יצא על had come forth upon the earth (compare זרח על Exod 22:2 +; בא על go down [set] upon Deut 24:15; Mic 3:6; Job 25:3), Num 10:34; Num 14:14 and thy cloud stood עליהם over them, Deut 28:23 the heavens עלרֿאשׁך above overthy head, Isa 4:5; Isa 60:1; Isa 60:2; Zeph 2:11; Zech 9:14; Ps 7:8 over it return thou on high, Job 29:3 בְּהִלּוֺ נֵרוֺ עֲלֵי ראֹשִׁי (compare דעך לְ be extinguished over, Job 18:6), Song 2:4 his banner over me: figurative of protection Deut 32:38; Ps 68:35: with verbs of motion (expressed or implied), נשׁקף על to incline over 1Sam 13:18 +, ידו על נטה) Exod 14:16; Isa 23:11 + (compare Ps 21:12), הניף על to swing over Isa 11:15; Isa 19:16 השׁמיע על to proclaim over Jer 4:16; Amos 3:9, compare Num 10:10; 2Chr 13:12, שׁם על נקרא a name to be called over 2Sam 12:28 + (see קרא).

6. From the sense of inclining or impending over, על comes to denote contiguity or proximity, English by (or sometimes on): —
  a. in designating localities, especially those beside water, Gen 14:16 עַלהַֿמִּדְבָּר by the wilderness, Gen 16:17 עַל עֵין הַמַּיִם by the spring of water, Gen 24:13; Gen 24:30; Gen 29:2 three flocks lying עָלֶיהָ by it (the well), Gen 41:1; Num 3:26; Num 13:29 עלהֿים by the sea, Num 22:5; Num 24:6 gardens עֲלֵי נָהָר. Deut 3:12; Deut 33:8; Judg 5:19; 1Sam 1:9 ׳על מזוזת היכל י (Ezek 46:2), 1Sam 4:1; 2Kgs 2:7 and they stood עלהֿירדן by the Jordan, 2Kgs 25:4; Isa 19:7; Isa 38:20; Ps 1:3 planted by water-courses, Jer 17:2; Jer 17:8; Job 30:4; Job 31:9 על פתח by the entrance, Prov 14:19, + often; על הדרך by the way Gen 38:21; 1Sam 24:4; Ezek 48:24ff. על גבולו adjoining his border; עבר על to pass by a place 1Kgs 9:18; Jer 18:16 +, figurative עבר על פשׁע to pass by transgression, i.e. to overlook it, Mic 7:18 and elsewhere: על יְמִין ֗֗֗ on the right of ... Ps 110:5 +, עַליַד ֗֗֗ , עַל יֶרֶךְ ֗֗֗ , עַל כֶּתֶף ֗֗֗ on the side of ... (see these words): less frequently (except as c) with reference to persons, Num 2:5 וְהַחֹנִים עָלָיו and those encamping next him, vNum 2:12 vNum 2:20 vNum 2:27; Num 6:9 וכי ימות מת עליו, 2Kgs 11:11 by the king round about (compare Num 3:26 above), ׳עבר על פ Gen 18:5; 2Kgs 4:9 +.


  b. 2Sam 9:7; 2Sam 9:10 to eat bread ׳עַל שֻׁלְחַן פּ at any one's table, Exod 16:3 when we sat עַלסִֿיר הַבָּשָׂר, 1Sam 20:24 Kt to sit עַלהַֿלֶּחֶם at meat; 1Sam 25:13; 1Sam 30:24 to remain עַלהַֿכֵּלִים; Prov 23:30 to tarry long עלהֿיין at (or over) the wine, Job 39:9 עַלאֲֿבוֶּ˜סךָ ׃ at thy crib: compare הַיּוֺשֵׁב עַל הַמִּשְׁפָּט Isa 28:6.


  c. Idiomatically, with עָמַד and נִצַּב to stand by (literally over, — originally no doubt with reference to one supposed to be seated), Gen 18:2 three men נִצָּבִים עָלָיו standing by him, vGen 18:8 and he עֹמֵד עליו standing by him under the tree, Gen 24:30 by the camels, Gen 28:13; 1Sam 4:20; 2Sam 1:9; 2Sam 12:17; 2Sam 20:11; 2Sam 20:12; Amos 7:7 especially of persons standing about a superior, as servants or courtiers, Gen 45:1; Judg 3:19; 1Sam 22:6; 1Sam 22:7; 1Sam 22:17, of persons surrounding a judge Exod 18:13; Exod 18:14, of ׳י's heavenly ministers, 1Kgs 22:19 (compare Isa 6:2 ממעל לו), Zech 4:16, and with התיצב Zech 6:5; Job 1:6; Job 2:1 also of one standing by (properly leaning over) an altar or sacrifice Num 23:3; Num 23:6; 1Kgs 13:1 (compare 7 b) Amos 9:1 of an Ashérah by an altar Judg 6:25; Judg 6:28 (compare אֵצֶל Deut 16:21).

7. In connection with verbs of motion (actual or figurative): —
  a. of motion from a higher place downwards, down upon: thus
   (a) המטיר על to rain upon Gen 2:5; Gen 19:24, ירד על Gen 15:11, יצק על to pour upon Gen 28:18, ׳נפל על צוארי פ Gen 33:4, נפל על פניו to fall on his (own) face Gen 17:3; Gen 17:17, שׂם על to put upon, Gen 21:14; Gen 22:6; Gen 22:9; Gen 24:47 (Gen 24:22 Sam Di), נתן על כף to place on the hand of ... Gen 40:11; Gen 40:21, השׁליך על 2Sam 20:12, etc.; compare Job 29:22 וְעָלֵימוֺ תִּטֹּף מִלָּתִי, Mic 3:5; Nah 3:12.


   (b) In different figurative connections, as of sleep falling upon one, Gen 2:21; Gen 15:12 of fear Gen 9:2; 1Sam 11:7 (see פַּחַד, חֲרָרָה, אֵימָה); of good or bad fortune, especially the latter, coming upon one, as with בוא and הביא, Gen 27:12; Deut 28:2 (in good sense), vDeut 28:15, Jer 5:12; Jer 19:3 (רעה, as often); of retribution, reproach, the Divine wrath, etc., with different verbs (הביא, נתן, ירד, חול, היה, etc.), as Gen 20:9; Num 12:11 חטאה; Gen 42:36 עַלַי הָיוּ כֻלָּנָה upon me are they all; Num 18:5 + (היה קֶצֶף על); Deut 19:10 דם (compare אל 2Sam 21:2 ᵐ5 We Dr), Judg 9:24; 1Kgs 2:32; 2Sam 16:8; Hos 12:15; 2Sam 3:29; 2Sam 15:14; 1Sam 11:2 חרפה; Jer 14:16; Jer 26:15 דם נקי (|| אל), Jonah 1:14; Ezek 7:3; Ezek 7:4; Ezek 7:8; Ezek 23:40; Ezek 36:29; Ps 7:17; Ps 94:2; Ps 94:23; Ps 109:5 וישׂימו עלי רעה תחת טובה (lay upon me: but Hu וישיבו, Prov 17:13), Prov 140:11 שָׁפַךְ חֵמָה על Ezek 7:8 + often; without a verb, Gen 16:5 חֲמָסִי עָלֶיךָ my wrong be upon thee, Jer 51:35 (|| אל); Gen 27:13 עלי קללתך; Gen 38:29 (accents, RVm); 2Sam 1:16 דמיך על ראשׁך; 2Sam 14:9 עָלַי הֶעָוֺן; Isa 24:17; Jer 48:43; Jer 50:27; Ezek 13:3 הוֺי על ֗֗֗ ; Ps 55:16 Kt.; of a blessing, Exod 32:29; Ps 3:9, a curse Deut 30:7, mercies (probably conceived specifically as descending from heaven) Ps 33:22; Ps 86:13; Ps 90:17; Ps 103:17 (with גבר be mighty over or upon, vPs 33:11; Ps 117:2), Ps 116:12; Ps 145:9; Ezra 3:11, שׁלום Ps 125:6; Ps 128:6; 1Chr 22:9.


   (c) Introducing the object upon which an action, or emotion, especially if accompanied by a gesture, is conceived as being directed (but with some of these words, especially when they refer to an event, rather than a person, as Exod 18:9, על is to be explained from 1 f b). Thus with verbs denoting the manifestation of joy or grief, as שׂושׂ to rejoice over, גיל, שׂמח, התענג, התפאר, שׂחק, אבל, ספד, שׁמם, בכה Judg 11:37 +, נשׂא (משׁל) קינה to take up a lament, or proverb, over (see these words); probably also in הִנָּבֵא על prophecy over Ezek 11:4; Ezek 13:17 +; with חוּס, חָמַל, רִחַם to shew compassion on (compare 1Kgs 3:26 [Gen 43:30 אל], Song 5:4 [Jer 31:20 ל]); with שׁמר, שׁקד, הֵעִיר (Job 8:6) to guard or watch over; with יעץ to counsel upon Isa 14:26 +, חשׁב to devise (usually in bad sense, Jer 29:11 in good), דִּבֶּר (רעה Jer 11:17 +, טובה Jer 18:20; Jer 32:42), הֵקִים דָּבָר Jer 29:10. Of more distinctly phys. acts, with בכה to weep on Gen 45:14; Gen 45:15 +, שׁרק to hiss, ספק or תקע כף to clap the hand, הִכָּה כף Ezek 22:13 (|| אל); Isa 5:30 to growl over, Isa 31:4; Ezek 36:2; Job 30:5 הִתְוַדָּה to confess over (the goat), Lev 16:21; Exod 30:10a (probably); Deut 21:6; Job 6:27; Job 40:30.


  b. From a lower place upwards, up upon, up to, as עלה על to go up upon: Exod 20:26; 1Sam 2:28; 1Kgs 12:33b 2Kgs 16:12b 2Chr 1:6 (an altar, i.e. to a ledge beside it; compare 2Kgs 23:9, and ירד Lev 9:22; 1Kgs 1:53); Judg 9:51; Isa 14:14; Isa 40:9, etc.; to come up upon (in different connections) Exod 10:12; Lev 16:9 (figurative), Lev 19:19; 1Sam 1:11; 1Sam 6:7; 1Kgs 10:16; 1Kgs 10:17 figurative עלה על לב Isa 65:17 + (see לב, לבב, 3 d); in Hiph`il 1Kgs 20:33 וַיַּעֲלֵהוּ עַל הַמֶּרְכָּבָה, Amos 8:10 (compare 1 a a), 2Sam 1:24; Ezek 37:6; Ps 137:6 (figurative), 2Chr 3:5; 2Chr 3:14 (= ornamented with); Deut 28:61 (compare Exod 15:26 b); 2Chr 20:34 the history of Jehu which הֹעֲלָח עַל was brought up upon (i.e. inserted in) the book of, etc. (compare 2Chr 32:32 and כתב על above 1); compare נטה יד עלהֿשׁמים up to heaven Exod 9:22; Exod 10:21; Exod 17:16.


  c. Expressing direction towards (not common, except in sense against: see below) —
   (a) with verbs of motion, properly of a person (or thing) moving to another so as either to stand above, or rest upon, it (compare PuseyMin. Pr. 333), Exod 34:12 הארץ אשׁר אתה בא עליה (simile, of a land, or place, Exod 18:23; Num 11:12; 1Kgs 2:26 עֲנָתֹת לֵךָ עַלשָֿׂדֶיךָ, Ezek 32:9; Jer 3:18 b Jer 16:13; Jer 22:26, and after שׁוּב or הֵשִׁיב Jer 16:15; Jer 22:27; Jer 23:3; Jer 24:6 [but אֶל Jer 27:22; Jer 30:3 al.], Ezek 29:14; Gen 40:13 וֶהֱשִׁיבְךָ עלכַּֿנָּ֑ךָ, Gen 41:13; Gen 30:33 כִּי תָבאֹ עַל שְׂכָרִי to view my hire; בא על נפשׁ מֵת to enter in upon or beside a corpse; בא על אשׁה Gen 19:31; Deut 25:5 (usually אל); Josh 3:16 מַיִם יֹרְדִים עַל יָם, Ezek 47:8; 1Kgs 18:12 יִשָּֽׂאֲךָ עַלאֲֿשֶׁר לֹאאֵֿדָ֑ע, Ps 19:7; 2Kgs 16:12; 2Chr 20:24; Isa 53:1 upon whom (coming from above) was ׳י's arm revealed? Isa 62:10 העמים הרימו נֵס על over towards (but Isa 49:22 אל): but often it is dubious if this force is perceptible; and in general על in such cases seems to be used merely as a synonym — perhaps as a slightly more graphic synonym — of אֶל (compare p. 41); in the later language, also, it may be due partly to the influence of Aramaic, which does not use אֶל; thus
   (a) with a personal object, with assemble or be assembled, Exod 32:1; 2Sam 17:11; 1Kgs 8:5; 1Kgs 11:24; 2Kgs 22:20 (2Chr 34:28 and usually אל), 2Chr 13:7, עלה Gen 38:12; Josh 2:8; 1Sam 14:10 (1Sam 14:9 v1Sam 14:12 אל), עבר 1Sam 14:4 (1Sam 14:1 אל), בא 2Sam 15:4 (see Dr) 1Chr 12:23f., יצא 2Kgs 24:12, הוליך 2Kgs 25:20, נגע Judg 20:34; Judg 20:41 (compare Isa 6:7; Jer 1:9), נס Isa 10:3, הלך Isa 22:15 (אל ֗֗֗ על), נשׂא Isa 30:6, שׁלח 2Kgs 18:27 (על ֗֗֗ אל ֗֗֗ על: || Isa 36:12 אל ֗֗֗ אל ֗֗֗ על), Jer 26:15; Jer 29:31; 1Chr 13:2; 2Chr 28:16; 2Chr 30:1; 2Chr 32:9; 2Chr 32:31; 2Chr 36:15; Neh 6:3, נגשׁ Ezek 9:6, שׁב, השׁיב Neh 4:6; Mal 3:24 (see c), followed by ׳על י 2Chr 15:4; 2Chr 30:9, התיצּב 2Chr 11:13 letters going ׳על פ Neh 2:7; Neh 6:17 a (v:b אל). (β) of places, Gen 24:49; 2Sam 2:19 + על ימין to the right; with הלך 1Sam 2:11; 1Kgs 20:43 עלבֿיתו (1Kgs 21:4 אל), 2Sam 15:20 ואני הולך על אשׁר אני הולך, Jer 1:7; Ezek 1:20 (Ezek 1:12 אל), הוליך 1Kgs 1:38 (1Kgs 1:33 אל), נהר Mic 4:1 (|| Isa 2:2 אל), Jer 31:12 (אל ֗֗֗ על), נגשׁ Ezek 44:13 (|| אל), עלה 1Sam 24:23; 2Sam 19:1; 1Kgs 6:8 (|| אל), Ezek 41:7, בא Jer 14:3; Jer 51:51, (על הר) הביא Isa 66:20 (Isa 56:7 אל), ירד Jer 36:12, הִטָּה Prov 21:1, הסיר 2Sam 6:10 (|| 1Chr 13:13 אל), נתן Isa 29:12 (Isa 29:11 אל) Mic 1:14; Mic 3:5; Gen 42:37, השׁיב, שׁב, Num 33:7; Jer 11:10 (figurative, עַל עֲוֺנוֺת), Ps 35:13; Job 34:15 (Gen 3:19 אל), Prov 26:11; Eccl 1:6; 1Kgs 17:21; 1Kgs 17:22 (compare 1Sam 30:12 אל), השׁתחוה Lev 26:11 (probably), Isa 60:14 pregnantly Isa 24:22 אֻסְּפוּ עַל בּוֺר be collected (and delivered) into a dungeon: compare חוּשׁ עַל Job 31:5 (figurative), also to requite עַלחֵֿיק Isa 65:6; Isa 65:7 Kt. (Jer 32:18; Ps 79:12 אל). After נראה appear, Ps 90:16 (אל ֗֗֗ על). And as far as, unto (nearly = יַד) Gen 49:13 וְיַרְכָתוֺעַל צִידוֺן, Josh 2:7; Josh 18:13; Josh 19:12; Jer 31:39; Ezek 47:18; Ezek 48:21; Ezek 48:28; Ps 48:11; 1Chr 5:16.


   (b) With אמר say to, 2Kgs 22:8; Jer 18:11 (אל ֗֗֗ על), Jer 22:6; Jer 23:2; Jer 23:35 (על ֗֗֗ אל), Jer 36:29; Jer 44:20 (אל ֗֗֗ על), דבר 1Sam 1:13 (Gen 24:45 אל), 1Kgs 9:5; Hos 12:11; Jer 6:10; Jer 10:1; Jer 11:2 (אל ֗֗֗ על), speak to Jer 25:2 (על ֗֗֗ אל), Jer 26:2, compare Esth 1:17, ׳היה דבר י Jer 25:1; 1Chr 22:8 compare 1Chr 11:10, ענה 2Sam 19:43, קרא Isa 34:14; 2Chr 32:18, שִׁוַּע Ps 18:42, הֵרַע 1Kgs 17:20, שֹׁרֵר, שָׁר sing Prov 25:20; Job 33:27, החליק Prov 29:5 ( Ps 36:3 אל), התפלל 1Sam 1:10, כתב 2Chr 30:1; Ezra 4:7; Esth 8:8, שׁמע 2Kgs 20:13 ( = Isa 39:2), Isa 22:13; Jer 23:16; Jer 26:5; Jer 35:18; Hag 1:12 see also הקשׁיב, האזין, הבין, התבונן, השׂכיל.


   (c) Expressing (or implying) the direction of the mind, 2Sam 14:1 לב המלך על אבשׁלם; Mal 3:24; Ezra 6:22; Song 7:11 וְעָלַי תְּשׁוּקָתוֺ (Gen 3:16; Gen 4:7 אל); שָׂם לִבּוֺ על Job 1:8 (Job 2:3 אל), 1Sam 25:25 (אל ֗֗֗ על); Jer 22:17 thy eyes and thy heart are only (set) upon (על) ..., 1Chr 12:17; 1Kgs 1:20; 2Chr 20:12 עֵינֵינוּ כִּי עָלֶיךָ (elsewhere אל), 1Kgs 2:15 עָלַי שָׂמוּ פניהם, Ps 146:5 ׳שִׂבְרוֺ על י; Isa 10:25 וְאַפִּי עלתַּֿבְלִיתָם be (directed) towards their destruction, Jer 32:31 (Gf Ew compare RV); compare שׁעה על look to (trustfully) Isa 17:7; Isa 31:1. (The uses a, b, c are all exceptional: אל would be regularly employed.)


   (d) With the force of over and towards (compare 5 and 7 a b, end): Ps 65:5 נוֺרָא עֲלִילָה עַל; to shine, etc. on, Ps 31:17 הָאִירָה פָנֶיךָ עַל (Num 6:25 אל); רָאָה עַל Exod 5:21 הוֺפִיעַ עַל Job 10:3 וְשַׂמְתִּי עֵינִי עַל Amos 9:4 + (compare Job 14:3; Job 24:3; Job 34:21); הִשְׁקִיף עַל look out over Ps 14:3 +.


  d. In a hostile sense, upon, against: so very often, after every kind of verb expressing or implying attack, as בא Gen 34:25; Gen 34:27, נֶאֱסַף vGen 34:30, קצף to be angry Gen 40:2, לון to murmur Exod 15:24 עמד stand up Lev 19:16 +, קָם rise up Deut 19:11; Amos 7:9, נלחם Deut 20:10, חנה 1Sam 11:1; Ps 27:3, עלה 2Kgs 17:3, חרה אף Zech 10:3 (usually בְּ), שׁפך סללה Isa 37:33, צוּר besiege Deut 20:12, חשׁב to devise Gen 50:20; Jer 11:19, דִּבֶּר Deut 13:6 +, etc.: add Job 16:4 (twice in verse); Job 16:9; Job 16:10; Job 16:13; Job 19:12; Job 21:27; Job 30:12, etc.; היה על 2Sam 11:23; Num 31:3: הִנְנִי לַיִךְ (see אֶל 4); note also Judg 9:31; Judg 20:5: without a verb Isa 9:20; Judg 16:12 פלשׁתים עליך the Philistines are upon thee, Judg 20:9 עָלֶיהָ בְּגוֺרָל Against it by lot !

8. By writers of the silver age, על is sometimes used with the force of a dative, 1Chr 13:2 אִם עֲלֵיבֶם טוֺב (in classical Hebrew בְּעֵינֵיכֶם) if it seems good to you, אִם עַל הַמֶּלֶךְ טוֺב Neh 2:5; Neh 2:7; Esth 1:19; Esth 3:9; Esth 5:4; Esth 5:8; Esth 7:3; Esth 8:5; Esth 9:13 (compare in Aramaic Ezra 5:17; Ezra 7:18); עַל שָׁפַר Ps 16:6 (compare in Aramaic Dan 4:24); עָרַב עַל Ps 104:34 (elsewhere לְ); רַע לְ Eccl 2:17 (see De; compare בְּאֵשׁ עַל Dan 6:15): compare Job 22:2 סָכַן על be profitable to, Job 33:23 also גָּמַל עַל (in both good and bad sense: see גמל), Neh 5:19 עשׂה על, Neh 9:30 משׁך על prolong (mercy) to; הִטָּה חֶסֶד עַל Ezra 7:28; Ezra 9:9 (Gen 39:21 אל): 1Sam 20:8 read probably עם for על. compare Mishna חביב על, dear to; סני על hateful to; Syriac , , pleasant, acceptable to. — compare in general the uses of , WAG ii. § 59.

9. With other particles: — עַל אַחֲרֵי Ezek 41:15 עַל בֵּין Ezek 19:11 (compare אל Ezek 31:10; Ezek 31:14); עַל לִפְנֵי Ezek 40:15 עַל מֵעַל Ezek 41:17 (text dubious), vEzek 41:20 עַל עֵבֶר Exod 25:37 (compare אל Ezek 1:9; Ezek 1:12); עַלבָּֿ֫כָה Esth 9:26. — On עַליַֿד, עַליְֿדֵי, עַל פִּי, עַלפְּֿנֵי, see יָד, פֶּה, פָּנִים.

III. As conjunction: a. עַל אֲשֶׁר because that . . . (compare above, II 1 f b), Exod 32:35 and ׳י plagued the people על אשׁר עשׂו because they had made, etc., Num 20:24; Deut 29:24 (in answer to על מה: so 1Kgs 9:9; Jer 16:11; Jer 22:9), Jer 32:51 (twice in verse); 1Sam 24:6; 2Sam 3:30; 2Sam 6:8; 2Sam 8:10; 2Sam 12:6; Ps 119:49 +.

b. עַל כִּי similar in meaning, but less frequent: Deut 31:17; Judg 3:12; Jer 4:28; Mal 2:14; Ps 139:14.


  c. עַל alone:
   (a) because, Gen 31:20 (E) עַל בְּלִי הִגִּיד, Ps 119:136 עַל לֹא.
   (b) notwithstanding that (above, 1 f f), although, Isa 53:9 חָמָס עָשָׂה עַל לֹא although he did no violence, Job 16:7 עַל לֹא חָמָס בְּכַפָּ֑י.

IV. Compounds: —

1. with כְּ (rare and late),
  a. as concerning, as upon Ps 119:14 כְּעַל כָּלהֿוֺן, 2Chr 32:19.
  b. (pleon. for כְּ), Isa 59:18 כְּעַל גְּמֻלוֺת כְּעַל יְשַׁלֵּם the like of their deeds is the like of (that which) he will repay (כְּעַל repeated on the analogue of כְּ Num 15:15; Hos 4:9: see כְּ) = according to their deeds is (that which) he will repay, Isa 63:7 according to.

2. מֵעַל304 from upon, from over, from by — used with much delicacy of application in many different connections, corresponding mostly with the different senses of על. Thus
  a. from upon idiomatically, when removal, motion, etc., from a surface is involved, as מעל האדמה, מעל פני האדמה from upon (the face of) the ground, usually with expel, destroy, perish, etc. Gen 4:14; Gen 6:7; Gen 7:4; Exod 32:12; Deut 6:15; Deut 28:21; Deut 28:63 + often, especially Jeremiah and compiler of Kings; to be lifted up הארץ מעל Gen 7:17; Ezek 1:19; Ezek 1:21 +, to return or be dried (of water) מעל הארץ Gen 8:3; Gen 8:7; Gen 8:11; Gen 8:13 to roll a stone מֵעַל פִּי הַבְּאֵד Gen 29:3 of the cloud departing האהל מעל Num 9:17; Num 12:10, compare Neh 9:19 to rise up הַכִּסֵּא מֵעַל Judg 3:20; 1Kgs 2:4, מֵעַל מִשְׁכָּבוֺ 2Sam 11:2 to alight מֵעַל הַגָּמָל (נָפַלׅ Gen 24:64 (compare Josh 15:18 צנח, 1Sam 25:23 ירד), ירד מֵעַל הַמֶּרְכָּבָה Judg 4:15; 2Kgs 5:21 (נפל); to take מֵעַל ראֹשׁ Gen 40:19; 2Sam 12:30, מֵעַל הַמִּזְבֵּחַ Lev 16:12; Num 17:11; Isa 6:6 to see מֵעַל הַגָּנ 2Sam 11:2 to shoot מֵעַל הַחוֺמָה v2Sam 11:20 v2Sam 11:24 to speak מֵעַל הַכַּפֹּרֶת Exod 25:22; Num 7:89 to cast down מֵעַל יָדַיִם Deut 9:17; Lev 8:28 (כַּפַּיִם); to break, remove, etc., a yoke (צוארך) מעל שׁכמך Gen 27:40; Isa 10:27; Jer 28:10; Jer 28:11 to wipe tears מֵעַל כָּלפָּֿנִים Isa 25:8 to take a bandage מעל עיניו 1Kgs 20:41 (compare על v1Kgs 20:38); often of putting off a garment or ornament., as Gen 38:14; Gen 38:19 וַתָּסַר צְעִיפָהּ מֵעָלֶיהָ, Exod 33:5 הוֺרֵד עֶדְיְךָ מֵעָלֶיךָ, a sandal Exod 3:5; Josh 5:15, a ring מֵעַל יָדוֺ Gen 41:42 to seek (דרשׁ), or hear, words מֵעַל הַסֵּפֶר Isa 34:16; Jer 36:11 (compare כתב על ספד above); pregnantly with בָּלָה to wear away (and fall) from off, Deut 8:4; Deut 29:4, compare of the bones or skin in disease Job 30:17 עֲצָמַי נִקַּר מֵעָלָ֑י are pierced (and drop) from off me, vJob 30:30 עוֺרִי שָׁחַר מעלי is black (and falls) from off me; figurative 1Sam 1:11 הָסִירִי יֵינֵךְ מֵעָלַיִךְ remove thy wine from off thee; Num 14:9 סָר צִלָּם מֵעֲלֵיהֶם; Judg 16:19; Judg 16:20 סר מעליו ׳י (with allusion to the hair, as the seat of Samson's strength), 1Sam 16:23 (compare על in v1Sam 16:16).


  b. Of relief from a burden or trouble: as of a plague, stroke, rod, etc., removed from (resting) on one, Exod 10:17 וְיָסֵר מֵעָלַי אֶתהַֿמָּוֶת הַזֶּה, Num 21:7; Num 25:8 ׳וַתֵּעָצַר הַמַּגֵּפָה מֵעַל ישׂר 2Sam 24:21; 2Sam 24:25), Ps 39:11 הָסֵר מֵעָלַי נִגְעֶ֑ךָ, Job 9:34; Job 13:21; Joel 2:20 of reproach Josh 5:9; Isa 25:8; Ps 119:22, iniquity Ezek 18:31; Zech 3:4, bloodguiltiness, 1Kgs 2:31, wrath Judg 8:3; Num 25:11; Prov 24:18, murmurings Num 17:21; Num 17:25 הֵקֵל מֵעַל to lighten from upon one Exod 18:22 +; Amos 5:23 הָסֵר מֵעָלַיהֲמוֺן שִׁירֶיךָ; pregnantly Jonah 1:11; Jonah 1:12 that the sea יִשְׁתֹּק מֵעָלֵינוּ may be calm from off us; to remove, etc., מֵעַל פָּנַי (see פָּנִים); 1Sam 6:20 to whom shall he go up מֵעָלֵינוּ — not merely 'from us,' but — from upon us (relieving us of his presence), so often of an army retiring from a country or raising a siege, 2Sam 10:14 ויָּשָׁב יוֺאָב מֵעַל בְּנֵי עַמּוֺן, 2Sam 20:21 וְאֵעלכָה מֵעַל הָעִיר, v2Sam 20:22 Ki 2Sam 3:27; 2Sam 18:14, especially with עָלָה, נַעֲלָה 1Kgs 15:19; Jer 21:2; Jer 37:5; Jer 37:11 +; 2Sam 19:10 David fled מעל אבשׁלום from Absalom (whom his presence had encumbered), Neh 13:28 וָאַבְרִיחֵהוּ מֵעָלַי, compare Gen 13:11; Gen 25:6; Num 20:21 מֵעָלָיו ׳וַיֵּט ישׂר, 2Chr 20:10; Exod 10:28 לֵךְ מֵעָלַי (contemptuously; be no more obnoxious to me), similarly 2Sam 13:17 שׁלחונֿא אתזֿאת מעלי (Amnon of Tamar).


  c. From beside (compare על 6 c), in different nuances: Gen 17:22 God went up מעל אברהם from beside A., Gen 35:13; Gen 18:3 אל נא תעבר מעל עבדך (compare על vGen 18:5), Gen 42:24; Num 16:25; Num 16:27; 1Kgs 1:53 to come down מֵעַל הַמִּזְבֵּחַ (compare על 1Kgs 13:1 6 c and 7 b); from attendance on Gen 45:1 (compare על ib.), Judg 3:19 וְיֵּצְאוּ מֵעָלָיו כָּלהָֿעֹמְדִים עָלָיו 1Sam 17:15 (see Dr), 2Sam 13:9, compare1 Sam 2Sam 13:8; 2Sam 13:11; 2Kgs 25:5 (Jer 36:21 read עַל, מ being dittograph), compare 2Chr 35:15 from attachment to, ׳רָחַק מֵעַל י Jer 2:5; Ezek 11:15; Ezek 44:10, compare Ezek 8:6, ׳סָר מֵעַל י Jer 32:40; Ezek 6:9, ׳תָּעָה מֵעַל י Ezek 44:10; Ezek 44:15, compare Ezek 14:5; Deut 13:11 also סָר מֵעַל חַטּאֹות 2Kgs 10:31; 2Kgs 15:18 (usually מֵחטאות), compare Ezek 14:6; Ezek 23:18 from companionship with, Job 19:13 אַחַי מֵעַלַי הִרְחִיק; from accompanying protectingly 1Sam 28:15 וֵאלֹהִים סָר מֵעַלַי, v1Sam 28:16 (compare על Ps 110:5 and see Dr); from adhesion to 2Kgs 17:21 קָרַע ישׂראל מֵעַל בֵּית תָּוִד, Isa 7:17; Isa 56:6 יַבְדִּילַנִי מֵעַל עַמּוֺ ׳י, Hos 9:1 זָנִיתָ מֵעַל אֱלֹהֶיךָ.


  d. In late Hebrew, = עַל above: 2Kgs 25:28 נָתַן ׳כִּסְאוֺ מֵעַל כִּסֵּא וגו (|| Jer 52:32 more class. מִמַּעַל לְ), Esth 3:1; Ps 108:5 גדול מעל שׁמים (|| Ps 57:11 עַד), Ps 148:4; Eccl 5:7 גָּבֹהַּ מֵעַל גָּבֹהַּ שֹׁמֵר, Neh 3:28; Neh 8:5; 2Chr 34:4 לְמַעְלָה מֵעֲלֵיהֶם on high above them; Ezek 41:17; Ezek 41:20. — Prov 14:14 read with De Now Str וּמִמַּעֲלָלָיו.


  e. מֵעַל לְ (chiefly late, and pleonastic for עַל, or else = the more class. synonym מִמַּעַל לְ): (a) Gen 1:7 מֵעַל לָרָקִיעַ (Ezek 1:26 ׳מִמַּעַל לְ), Ezek 1:25 (text dubious; see Commentaries), 1Sam 17:39; Jonah 4:6; Mal 1:5 upon, over the border (territory) of Israel (so Köhl Ke: but Hi Ew We beyond, 2Chr 13:4 upon, mount Zemaraim, 2Chr 24:20. (b) beside 2Chr 26:19 מֵעַל לְמִזְבַּח הַקְּטֹרֶת; Neh 12:31 (twice in verse); Neh 12:37; Neh 12:38 (twice in verse); Neh 12:39 dubious: BeRy (in all) off the side of (מִן 6) = at a little distance from; Ke in vNeh 12:31 vNeh 12:38a upon, in vNeh 12:37 vNeh 12:38b; vNeh 12:39 by the side of (an ... vorüber).

BDB6111 H4192 H5921 H5961

BDB6110 | BIBLICAL HEBREW | BDB6112

עֲלָמוֺת, עַלמֿוּת etc., see עַלְמָה below II. עלם. below

BDB9768 H5922 H5921

BDB9767 | BIBLICAL ARAMAIC | BDB9769

עַל preposition upon, over, on account of, above, to, against (Biblical Hebrew and general Aramaic id.); — suffix 1 singular עֲלַי; 2 masculine singular עליך Kt (so Egyptian Aramaic, CookeNo. 77, A 5, 6, B 8, S-CPap. A 3, B 5 +), עֲלָךְ, Qr (ᵑ7 עֲלַךְ, Dalm§ 47, 2) Dan 3:12 + 6 t. Daniel; Ezra 7:18 3 masculine singular עֲלוֺהִי (so Nabataean, Palmyrene; Egyptian Aramaic עלוי S-CA 6 +) Dan 3:28 +, עֲלֹהִי Ezra 6:11 3 feminine singular עליה Kt (so Egyptian Aramaic, S-CD 24), עֲלַהּ Qr (so ᵑ7) Dan 4:14; Dan 5:21 1 plural עֲלֵינָא Ezra 4:12, עֲלֵ֑ינָא Ezra 4:18; Ezra 5:17 Baer (Gi עֲלֶ֑ינָא); 3 masculine plural עֲלֵיהֹם (so Nabataean, CISii. 226; Egyptian Aramaic, S-CPap. F 5, 8+) Ezra 7:24, עֲלֵיהוֺן Ezra 5:1; Ezra 5:3 —

1. a. upon, Dan 2:10; Dan 2:28; Dan 2:46; Dan 5:5; Dan 5:7; Dan 6:11 + often, Dan 4:26 עַלהֵֿיכַל מַלְכוּתָא (2Sam 11:2); to be established עַל מַלְכוּתִי 2Sam 4:33 (compare 2Chr 1:1 Biblical Hebrew II. 1) to lay an impost upon, Ezra 7:24 to trust on, Dan 3:28 after a verb of motion, מְטָא עַל to come upon, Dan 4:21; Dan 4:25 of times, to pass over, Dan 4:13; Dan 4:20; Dan 4:22; Dan 4:29; Ezra 5:1 בְּשֻׁם אֱלָהּ יִשְׂרָאֵל עֲלֵיהוֺן i.e. (named) over them.
  b. idiomatic (as in Biblical Hebrew; see II. 1 d) of the person who is the subject of an emotion or experience, Dan 5:9 וְזִיוֺתִי שָׁנַיִן עֲלוֺהִי were changed upon him, Dan 7:28; Dan 6:19 וְשִׁנְּתֵהּ נַדַּת עֲלוֺהִי (compare Dan 2:1).
  c. on accusative of (Biblical Hebrew 1 f b), Dan 3:16 פִּתְגָּם עַלדְּֿנָה. So in עַלדְּֿנָה on this accusative Ezra 4:15; Ezra 4:22; Ezra 5:17, עַלמָֿה wherefore ? Dan 2:15 and עַל דִּבְרַת דִּי (see ׳דְּ).
  d. on behalf of (ib. 1 f c), Ezra 6:17.
  e. regarding, concerning (ib. 1 f g), Dan 2:18; Dan 5:14; Dan 5:29; Dan 6:6; Dan 6:13; Ezra 7:14 + often
2. over, with verbs of ruling, appointing, etc., Dan 2:48; Dan 2:49; Dan 3:12; Dan 4:14 +, Ezra 4:20; Ezra 6:18.
3. in a comparative sense, above, beyond, Dan 3:19; Dan 6:4.
4. expressing direction:
  a. to, of a person, after a verb of motion (compare Biblical Hebrew 7 c a a), Dan 2:24; Dan 4:31; Dan 4:33; Dan 6:7; Dan 6:16; Ezra 4:12; Ezra 4:23 + often; after to send (a letter, etc.) Ezra 4:11; Ezra 4:17; Ezra 4:18; Ezra 5:6 +, write Ezra 4:7, prophesy Ezra 5:1 of the direction of the mind (ib. 7c c), Dan 3:12; Dan 6:14 (twice in verse); Dan 6:15 compare Ezra 5:5 הֲוַת עַל ׳וְעֵין אֱל (compare Jer 40:4 and אֶל Ps 34:16).
  b. against, Dan 3:19; Dan 3:29; Dan 5:23; Dan 6:5; Dan 6:6 +; Ezra 4:8; Ezra 7:23.
5. in such phrases as שְׁפַר עַל, טְאֵב (to be) good or acceptable to (as in Syriac and late Hebrew: see Biblical Hebrew 8), Ezra 5:17 אִם עַל מַלְכָּא טָב, Ezra 7:18 (twice in verse); Dan 4:24 (יִשְׁפַּר), Dan 6:15 (בְּאֵשׁ), v.Dan 6:24 (טְאֵב). — compare the synopsis of meanings in Lzb340.

upon, against, over, in, for, …
ʿal
above, over, upon, or against (yet always in this last relation with a downward aspect) in a great variety of applications
  • (prep) upon, on the ground of, according to, on account of, on behalf of, concerning, beside, in addition to, together with, beyond, above, over, by, on to, towards, to, against
    • upon, on the ground of, on the basis of, on account of, because of, therefore, on behalf of, for the sake of, for, with, in spite of, notwithstanding, concerning, in the matter of, as regards
      • "above, beyond, over (of excess)"above, over (of elevation or pre-eminence)"upon, to, over to, unto, in addition to, together with, with (of addition)"over (of suspension or extension)"by, adjoining, next, at, over, around (of contiguity or proximity)"down upon, upon, on, from, up upon, up to,, towards, over towards, to, against (with verbs of motion)"to (as a dative)
    (conj) because that, because, notwithstanding, although

כַּפּ ֖וֹ
כַּפּ
Root word hands, hand, spoon, spoons, sole, …
֖וֹ
Suffix — pronoun his / him / it
Dictionary form: כַּף · kahp

Noun — Common, feminine singular, construct state "___ of …" — bound to the next word

In the KJV here: hand
spoon ×12 his hands ×11 hand ×8 their hands ×7 and the spoons ×6 hands ×5 my hands ×5 out of the hand ×5
More options
palm — Most precise: the hollow, open part of the hand.
hand — General use; good when context doesn't stress the hollow.
sole — Use specifically when referring to the bottom of the foot.
hollow — Emphasizes cupped or concave shape of hand or foot.
spoon — Cultic/tabernacle contexts; bowl-shaped vessel.
handful — Use when quantity or measure is in view.

BDB4151 H3709

BDB4150 | BIBLICAL HEBREW | BDB4152

כַּף192 noun feminine1Kgs 8:54 hollow, or flat of the hand, palm, sole of foot, pan (Late Hebrew id.; Aramaic id., Assyrian kappu, hand, pan, kippatu, hollow; Arabic palm, hand) — absolute ׳כ Job 29:9 +, so read probably also Ezek 29:7b for ᵑ0 כָּתֵף (ᵐ5 ᵑ6 Sm Co, compare va); כָּ֑ף 2Kgs 11:12 +; more often construct כַּף Gen 40:11 +; suffix כַּפִּי Judg 12:3, כַּפְּךָ Job 13:31, etc.; in Ezek 29:7 read כַּף Qr for כפך Kt (so Ew Hi Sm Co Da); dual כַּפַּיִם Isa 49:16 +; construct כַּפֵּי Exod 29:24 (twice in verse) + 3 t.; suffix כַּפַּי Gen 20:5 +, כַּפָּיו Num 24:10 +, כַּפֵּיהֶם Isa 59:6 + 2 t., כַּפֵּימוֺ Job 27:23, etc.; plural כַּפּוֺת (especially of soles, and in metaphor senses) absolute Num 4:7 +; construct 2Kgs 9:35 +, suffix כַּפֹתָיו Exod 25:29; Exod 37:16 —

1. a. of human beings, hollow or flat of hand, palm, (c. 116 t.) 2Kgs 4:34 (twice in verse); ׳נָתַן אֵת הַכּוס עַלכּכַּף פ Gen 40:11; Gen 40:21 (E), set the cup upon the palm of Pharaoh (compare vGen 40:11a וְכוֺס פַּרְעֹה בְּיָדִי), similarly Lev 8:27 (twice in verse) (P) +; הַשֶּׁמֶן אֲשֶׁר עַלכּכַּפּוֺ Lev 14:16; Lev 14:17; Lev 14:18; Lev 14:27; Lev 14:28 as distinguished from wrist and arm, Deut 25:12 rarely with ידים (always כַּכּוֺת), שְׁתֵּי כַּפּוֺת ידיו 1Sam 5:4 (of Dagon), הַיָּדַיִם ׳כ 2Kgs 9:35, compare Dan 10:10 כַּף הַשְּׂמָאלִית Lev 14:15; Lev 14:26 note especially קֶמַח ׳מְלֹא כ 1Kgs 17:12 a handful of meal (literally palmful), compare Eccl 4:6 (where distinguished from מלא חָפְנַיִם a double fistful; in both these passages of a very small quantity); compare וַיְמַלֵּא כַּפּוֺ מִן Lev 9:17 (reference to מְלֹא קֻמְצוֺ Lev 2:2; Lev 5:12 compare Lev 6:8). In Exod 4:4 (JE), Prov 31:19; Ezek 21:16; Ps 129:7, etc., the thought is that of grasping.
  b. anthropomorph. of ׳י covering Moses over with his palm, וְשַׂכֹּתִי כַפִּי עָלֶיךָ Exod 33:22 (J), and so figurative (with שׁית) Ps 139:5 withdrawing ( הֵסִירׅ his hand Exod 33:23 (J); removing ( הִרְהִּיק ׅ his afficting hand Job 13:21 עַלכּכַּפַּיִם כִּסָּה אוֺר Job 36:32, i.e. he (God) hath filled his palms with light.
  c. once of animals, הוֺלֵךְ עַלכּכַּפָּיו Lev 11:27 going upon their palms, i.e. paws (cats, dogs, etc.).
  d. phrases are: — (I) הִכָּה כַּף = clap the hands, in applause 2Kgs 11:12 so ׳תָּקַע כ Ps 47:2, ׳מָחָא כ Isa 55:12 (figurative of trees), Ps 98:8 (figurative of rivers); but especially in scorn, contempt, etc., סָפַק אֶתכַּֿפָּיו Num 24:10 (J), יִשְׂפֹּק עָלֵימוֺ כַפֵּ֑ימוֺ Job 27:23 so תָּקַע כַּף עלֿ Nah 3:19, הִכָּה כַפִּי אֶלֿ Ezek 22:13 (of ׳י); absolute, בְכַפְּךָהִכָּה Ezek 6:11 (as מחא יד Ezek 25:6), הִכָּה כַּף אֶלכַּֿף Ezek 21:19, אַכֶּה כַפִּי אֶלכַּֿפִּי v.Ezek 21:22 (of ׳י). (2) תָּפַשׂ בַּכַּף grasp, seize with the hand Ezek 29:7 compare vEzek 29:7 (on text see above) (3) of hand-grasp as pledge לַזָּר כַּפֶּיךָתָּקַעְתָּ Prov 6:1 (if) thou hast smitten thy palms (given a double hand-grasp), for another (so De; || עָרַבְתָּ לְרֵעֶ֑ךָ); so absolute תקע כף Prov 17:18; Prov 22:26 (compare תקע ליד Job 17:3). (4) often of hand spread out in prayer, as sign of longing to receive, with פָּרַשׂ אֶלֿ Exod 9:29; Exod 9:33 (J), 1Kgs 8:38 = 2Chr 6:29, etc. (see יד Ps 143:6; Lam 1:17 and יָד 1 d, above; also פרשׂ, נשׂא, שׁטח). (5) שׂים כַּף לְפֶה, in respectful silence, Job 29:9. (6) figurative בְכַפִּיוָאָשִׂימָה נַפְשִׁי Judg 12:3 = I have taken my life in my hand (i.e. hazarded it), so 1Sam 19:5; 1Sam 28:21; Job 13:14 and (without verb) Ps 119:109. (7) ׳נִקְיֹן כ Gen 20:5 cleanness of palms is figurative for purity of act, compare Ps 26:6, also Job 9:30; Job 22:30; Ps 24:4; Ps 73:13 conversely, ( לֹא ) חָמָס בְּכַפָּ֑י Job 16:17; 1Chr 12:18; Isa 59:6; Jonah 3:8, compare Isa 59:3 (so ידים Isa 1:15), Job 31:7; Ps 7:4. — In many cases כַּף is not to be distinguished from יָד; so in phrase ׳יְגִיעַ כ toil of the hands Gen 31:42; Hag 1:11; Job 10:3; Ps 128:2 ׳פֹּעַל כ Ps 9:17, ׳חֵפֶץ כ Prov 31:13 ׳תְּבוּנוֺת כ Ps 78:72, ׳פְּרִי כ Prov 31:16 ; compare Mic 7:3.
2. = power (i.e. grasp) of any one, נתן בכף Judg 6:13 = deliver into the power of, so Jer 12:7, compare בּוֺא בכף Prov 6:3 usually הוֺשִׁיעַ, פּדָה, הִצִּיל etc., with מִכַּף = out of the power of Judg 6:14; 1Sam 4:3; 2Sam 14:16; 2Sam 19:10 (twice in verse); 2Sam 22:1 (twice in verse) = Ps 18:1 (title), 2Kgs 16:7 (twice in verse); 2Kgs 20:6 = Isa 38:6; Mic 4:10; Jer 15:21; 2Chr 30:6; 2Chr 32:11; Ezra 8:31; Ps 71:4 (compare יָד 5 g, p. 391 above)
3. רַגְלָהּכַּף, etc., = sole of foot, Gen 8:9 (J), Josh 3:13; Josh 4:18 (both J E), 1Kgs 5:17; 2Kgs 19:24 = Isa 37:25; Deut 11:24; Deut 28:56; Deut 28:65; Josh 1:3 (D) Ezek 43:7; Mal 3:21 קָדְקֳדוֺמִכַּף רַגְלוֺ וְעַד 2Sam 14:25; Job 2:7, compare Isa 1:6 (figurative); ׳ר ׳מִדְרַךְ כ Deut 2:5 treading-place for the sole of a foot; of the cherubim Ezek 1:7, of a calf, (in simile) vEzek 1:7., (according to MT; compare however Co).
4. of various hollow, bending or bent objects: —
  a. hollow (i.e. socket), of the thigh-joint, יָרֵךְ ׳כ Gen 32:26 (twice in verse); Gen 32:33 (twice in verse) (J).
  b. pan, vessel (as hollow), used in ritual, Exod 25:29; Exod 37:16; Num 5:7; Num 7:14 + 15 t. Num 7; 1Kgs 7:50 = 2Chr 4:22; 2Kgs 25:14 = Jer 52:18; Jer 52:19; 2Chr 24:14.
  c. hollow of sling, 1Sam 25:29.
  d. כַּפּוֺת תְּמָרִים Lev 23:40 = of huge hand-shaped branches (or fronds) of palm-trees.
  e. כַּפּוֺת הַמַּנְעוּל Song 5:5 the (bent) handles of the bolt.

hands, hand, spoon, spoons, sole, …
kap
the hollow hand or palm (so of the paw of an animal, of the sole, and even of the bowl of a dish or sling, the handle of a bolt, the leaves of a palm-tree); figuratively, power
  • palm, hand, sole, palm of the hand, hollow or flat of the hand
    • palm, hollow or flat of the hand
      • "power"sole (of the foot)"hollow, objects, bending objects, bent objects
      • of thigh-joint
        • "pan, vessel (as hollow)"hollow (of sling)"hand-shaped branches or fronds (of palm trees)"handles (as bent)

הַ שְּׂמָאלִ֑ית
הַ
Prefix — article the
שְּׂמָאלִ֑ית
Root word left, hand
Dictionary form: שְׂמָאלִי · seh-maw-LEE

Adjective — feminine singular, absolute state

In the KJV here: his left
the left ×3 his left ×2 left hand ×2 of that on the left ×1 thy left ×1
More options
left — Most versatile; works as adjective or noun.
left-hand — Use as attributive adjective before a noun.
left side — Preferred when indicating position or direction.
northern — Geographical nuance; left = north when facing east.

BDB8256 H8042

BDB8255 | BIBLICAL HEBREW | BDB8257

שְׂמָאלִי adjective left, on the left; — ׳שׂ 1Kgs 7:21 +; feminine שְׂמָאלִית Lev 14:15 +; — left (usually opposed to יְמָנִי), pillar 1Kgs 7:21 = 2Chr 3:17, side of temple 2Kgs 11:11 = 2Chr 23:10, side of body Ezek 4:4, palm Lev 14:15; Lev 14:16; Lev 14:26; Lev 14:17 (P).

left, hand
śĕmāʾlî
situated on the left side
  • left, left side, on the left

שֶׁ֥בַע
שֶׁ֥בַע
Root word seven, seventh, seventeen, seventeenth, times, …
Dictionary form: שֶׁבַע · sheh-BA

Adjective — Cardinal Number, feminine singular, absolute state a number (one, two, three, …)

In the KJV here: seven
seven ×178 and seven ×67 the seven ×13 of seven ×6 in the seven ×5 throughout the seven ×5 and seventh ×4 in the seventh ×4
More options
seven — Core cardinal number; broadly useful in nearly all contexts.
sevenfold — Use when multiplying or intensifying by a factor of seven.
seventh — Ordinal form; use for position or sequence (e.g., seventh day).
seventeen — Use when combined with ten in compound numbers.
seventeenth — Ordinal of seventeen; use for dates or sequential positions.
week — Rare; captures 'sevens' as a unit of seven days or years.

BDB8424 H7651

BDB8423 | BIBLICAL HEBREW | BDB8425

I. שֶׁבַע, שִׁבְעָה394 noun masculine and feminine seven (Late Hebrew id., MI16 שבעת Assyrian sibi, sibittu (DlGr. § 65, 6; s = שׁ), Arabic , , Sabean סבע HomChr 47, 124, Ethiopic Phoenician (Punic) שבע Nabataean שבע שבעה, Palmyrene שבעא שבעה; Aramaic שְׁבַע, שִׁבְעָא, , ; on etymology compare LagBN 37 f.); —

masculine (c. noun feminine) absolute שֶׁבַע Gen 41:2 + 115 t.; construct שְׁבַע Gen 5:26 + 47 t., especially P (15 t.) and Chronicles (20 t.), וּשֲׁבַע 1Kgs 14:21 feminine (c. noun masculine) absolute שִׁבְעָה Gen 4:24 + 100 t.; constructשִׁבְעַת Gen 7:10 + 120 t.; suffix שְׁבַעְתָּם 2Sam 21:9 Qr (so Vrss and modern; see Dr; > Kt שִׁבְעָתַיִם; — seven:
1. without other number:
  a. שֶׁבַע, before feminine plural noun Gen 21:28 (J), Judg 16:13; Isa 4:1 + 80 t., especially שָׁנִים ׳שׁ Gen 29:18 (E) + 32 t. (but read שׁלוֺשׁ for שֶׁבַע 2Sam 24:13a, compare vb, c, also ᵐ5 and || 1Chr 21:12 so Th We Dr Bu HPS Now), פִּעָמִים ׳שׁ Gen 33:3 (J), Lev 4:6 (P) + 17 t.; בָּאַמָּה רָחְבָּהּ ׳שׁ 1Kgs 6:6 after noun Ezek 40:20; Ezek 40:26 noun omitted Job 5:19; Prov 6:16, + (= ׳פְּעָמִים שׁ) Lev 26:18; Lev 26:21; Lev 26:24; Lev 26:28 (H), Ps 119:64; Prov 24:16
  b. שִׁבְעָה before masculine plural noun Num 23:1 (3 t. in verse) (E) + 40 t. + Job 42:19 (read ׳שׁ for שִׁבְעָ֫נָה Ges«GKC:97c»§ 97c and most); + (distributive) ׳וְשׁ ׳שׁ Zech 4:2 after noun Gen 7:4 (J), Exod 25:37 (P) + 12 t. (P Chronicles Daniel Proverbs); noun omitted 1Sam 2:5 + 9 t., including ׳שׁ as ordinal, see below; but read שְׂבָכָה for שִׁבְעָה 1Kgs 7:17 (twice in verse) ᵐ5 Th Kmp Klo Benz Kit Bur; also ׳שׁ ׳שׁ distributive = 7 each Gen 7:2; Gen 7:3 (J); as predicate Gen 46:25 (P),
  c. שִׁבְעַת, before plural noun Num 23:4 (E), Num 8:2 (P), Ezek 45:23 (twice in verse); Job 2:13 (twice in verse) + 97 t., incl יָמִים ׳שׁ Gen 8:10 (J), + 88 t. + Ezek 45:21 (read שִׁבְעַת for שְׁבֻעוֺת Vrss and modern),
  d. = ordinal, שְׁנַת (הַ)שֶּׁבַעDeut 15:2; 2Kgs 12:2 + 3 t., בְּשִׁבְעָה לַחֹדֶשׁ Ezek 30:20, compare Ezek 45:20 לְשִׁבְעַת הַיָּמִים Gen 7:10 (J), 1Chr 9:25
2. שְׁבַע עֶשְׂרֵה שָׁנָה 17 years Gen 37:2 + 3 t. + 1Kgs 14:21, also as ordinal ׳עֶשׂ ׳בִּשְׁנַת שׁ 1Kgs 22:52, שָׁנָה ׳עֶשׂ ׳בִּשְׁנַת שׁ 2Kgs 16:1.
  b. שִׁבְעָה עָשָׂר (that is הַגּוֺרָל lot) 1Chr 24:15; 1Chr 25:24 (compare also, + other number, 1Chr 7:11; Ezra 2:30; Neh 7:42), + יוֺם 17th day Gen 7:11; Gen 8:4 unusual is שְׁקָלִים וַעֲשָׂרָה הַכֶּסֶף ׳שׁ Jer 32:9 7 shekels and 10 the silver
3. שְׁבַע מֵאוֺת = 700 Judg 8:26 + 39 t. (but Neh 7:68 omitted by Masora Baer Gi q. v.).
4. שִׁבְעָה אֶלֶף = 7000 1Kgs 20:30 + 2 t.; שִׁבְעַת אֲלָפִים = id. 1Kgs 20:15+ 15 t.; 57,000 is 7 + 50 x 1000 Num 1:31; Num 2:8; Num 2:31.
5. ׳שׁ + other number:
  a. ׳שׁ follows 18 t.: (1) singular noun after ׳שׁ Judg 8:14 also (= ordinal number) Ezek 29:17 + 2 t., שְׁנַת שָׁנָה ׳שְׁלשִׁים וָשׁ 2Kgs 13:10, compare 2Kgs 15:1 (2) plural noun before other number Ezra 8:35; Neh 7:1:[72]; Neh 7:71 (3) singular noun construct precedes ׳בִּשְׁנַת עֶשְׂרִים וָשׁ 1Kgs 16:10; 1Kgs 16:15 (ordinal); (4) noun after each number Gen 23:1; Gen 23:25 (both P), etc.
  b. ׳שׁ precedes 10 t. (P and Esther): (1) noun singular after other number Gen 8:14; Exod 6:16; Exod 6:20 + 3 t. Esther; (2) noun repeated Gen 5:7; Gen 11:21; Gen 47:28, compare Gen 5:25; Gen 5:31.
  c. 1000 + 17 Ezra 2:39 = Neh 7:42 — ׳שׁ often with sacred significance: Gen 21:28ff. (J), Exod 37:23; Lev 4:6; Lev 4:17; Lev 8:11; Lev 14:27 + (P); as round number Gen 4:24 (song in J), Gen 29:18ff; Gen 31:23; Gen 41:2ff (all E), etc.; on bowing 7 t. Gen 33:3 (J; in great humility), compare WklTelAm. nos. 143, 230, 246 NeMar,11 f.; all these probably originating with week of seven days; compare especially KöHast. DB NUMBER, 562 f., 565.

BDB8428 H7651 H7658

BDB8427 | BIBLICAL HEBREW | BDB8429

שִׁבְעָ֫נָה Job 42:13 read שִׁבְעָה Ges«GKC:97c»§ 97c and most.

BDB9929 H7655 H7651

BDB9928 | BIBLICAL ARAMAIC | BDB9930

[שְׁבַע], only שִׁבְעָה noun feminine seven (Biblical Hebrew I. שֶׁבַע); — absolute ׳שׁ before noun masculine plural Dan 4:13; Dan 4:20; Dan 4:22; Dan 4:29 construct שֶׁבְעַת before noun masculine pluralEzra Dan 7:14 חַד שִׁבְעָה עַלדִּֿי Dan 3:19 seven times above what (more than), see חַד, √ אחד.

seven, seventh, seventeen, seventeenth, times, …
šebaʿ
seven (as the sacred full one); also (adverbially) seven times; by implication, a week; by extension, an indefinite number
  • seven (cardinal number)
    • as ordinal number
      • "in combination—17, 700, etc.

פְּעָמִ֖ים
פְּעָמִ֖ים
Root word times, time, once, now, feet, …
Dictionary form: פַּעַם · pa-AM

Noun — Common, feminine plural, absolute state plural — usually add "-s"

In the KJV here: times
times ×38 time ×9 once ×6 as at other times ×5 now ×5 this once ×4 twice ×4 corners ×3
More options
time — Default choice for counting occurrences or instances.
occasion — Prefer when emphasizing a specific, notable moment.
once — Use for single occurrence; modernizes KJV 'this once'.
step — Use when context refers to feet, footsteps, or movement.
beat — Rhythmic or repeated motion; e.g. hoofbeats, pulse, anvil.
corner — Use for architectural or spatial sense of the noun.

BDB6718 H6471

BDB6717 | BIBLICAL HEBREW | BDB6719

פַּ֫עַם118 noun feminineExod 8:28 (masculine only Judg 16:23 [text suspicious, see GFM AlbrZAW xvi (1896), 76 Kösynt. § 248m], 2Sam 23:8 [Qr feminine], 1Kgs 7:30 [corrupt, see below]) beat, foot, anvil, occurrence; — absolute ׳מ Gen 2:23 +; פָּ֑עַם Gen 46:30 +; dual פַּעֲמַיִם Gen 27:36 +, etc.; plural פְּעָמִים Gen 33:3 +; also (concrete) construct פַּעֲמֵי Judg 5:28 +; suffix פְּעָמַי Ps 57:7; Ps 119:133, etc.; פַּעֲמֹתָיו (only 1 c) Exod 25:12 + 2 t.; —

1. a. in poetry, hoof-beat Judg 5:28 late, of human footfall, footstep, figurative Ps 17:5 (|| אֲשׁוּרַי), Ps 119:113 וְיָשֵׂם לְדֶרֶךְ פְּעָמָיו Ps 85:14.
  b. foot, figurative, Ps 57:7; Ps 58:11; Ps 74:3; Ps 140:5; Prov 29:5 literal Isa 26:6 (|| רֶגֶל), Song 7:2 ׳בְּכַף פ 2Kgs 19:24 = Isa 37:25.
  c. foot, of ark Exod 25:12; Exod 37:3 (P). — פַּעֲמֹתָיו 1Kgs 7:30 read פִּנּוֺתָיו (compare v1Kgs 7:34).
2. = anvil (struck by hammer) Isa 41:7.
3. occurrence, time (originally stroke, beat):
  a. אֶחָ֑ת ׳מ [אַחַת] one time, once Josh 6:3; Josh 6:11; Josh 6:14 (JE), Josh 10:42 (D) + 3 t. +2Sam 23:8 Qr (>Kt אחד); פַּעֲמָ֑יִם twice Gen 41:32 + 6 t.; ׳פ Nah 1:9 second time; ׳אַרְבַּע פ Neh 6:4 four times; ׳חָמֵשׁ אוֺ שֵׁשׁ פ 2Kgs 13:19, compare ׳מ חֲמִישִׁית Neh 6:5 also with שָׁלשׁ, שֶׁבַע, q. v.; ׳עֶשֶׂר פ (וֶה) Num 14:22 (JE) Neh 4:6; Job 19:3, all indefinite = over and over; indefinite also פַּעַם וּשְׁתָּ֑יִם Neh 13:20 once and [i.e. or] twice; פַּעֲמַיִם שָׁלוֺשׁ Job 33:29 twice (or) thrice; מֵאָה פְעָמִים 2Sam 24:3 = 1Chr 21:3, ׳אֶלֶף פ Deut 1:11 רַבּוֺת ׳פ Ps 106:43; Eccl 7:22 עַדכַּֿמֶּה פְעָמִים 1Kgs 22:16 = 2Chr 18:15.
  b. כְּפַעַםבְּֿפַעַם as time on time, i.e. as formerly, as usual, Num 24:1 (E) Judg 16:20; Judg 20:30; Judg 20:31; 1Sam 3:10 (compare Dr) 1Sam 20:25.
  c. הַוּאֹת (גַּם) בַּפַּעַם at this repetition (this time) also Exod 8:28; Exod 9:14 (J) + 3 t.; הַהִוא ׳גַּם בַּפּ Deut 9:19; Deut 10:10.
  d. הַפַּעַם (Hexateuch only J): (1) = this once Gen 18:32, ׳אַךְ הַפּ Exod 10:17; Judg 6:39, ׳רַקהַֿפּ vJudg 6:39, הַזֶּה ׳אַךְ הַפּ Judg 16:28 (הַזֶּה dubious, see above); (2) = now at lenth Gen 2:23; Gen 29:34; Gen 29:35; Gen 30:20; Gen 46:30; Judg 15:3; Judg 16:18, compare also Exod 9:27 now at length (it is clear that) I have sinned.
  e. פַּעַם ֗֗֗ פָּ֑עַם Prov 7:12 now ... now, at one time ... at another.

times, time, once, now, feet, …
paʿam
a stroke, literally or figuratively (in various applications, as follow)
  • stroke, beat, foot, step, anvil, occurrence
    • foot, hoof-beat, footfall, footstep
      • "anvil"occurrence, time, stroke, beat
      • one time, once, twice, thrice, as time on time, at this repetition, this once, now at length, now...now, at one time...at another

לִ פְנֵ֥י
לִ
Prefix — preposition to, for
פְנֵ֥י
Root word before, face, presence, because, faces, …
Dictionary form: פָּנִים · paw-NEEM

Noun — Common, both plural, construct state plural — usually add "-s"; "___ of …" — bound to the next word

In the KJV here: before
before ×796 the face ×55 from before ×53 his face ×53 because ×49 my face ×48 thy face ×39 before him ×38
More options
face — Most direct rendering; prefer for literal, physical contexts.
presence — Ideal for divine or royal encounter contexts.
countenance — Slightly elevated; suits emotional or expressive descriptions.
surface — Use for physical objects, land, or water (e.g. 'surface of the deep').
in front of — Best for spatial or positional prepositional phrases.
because of — Use when פָּנִים heads a causal prepositional phrase.

BDB4446 H3942 H6440

BDB4445 | BIBLICAL HEBREW | BDB4447

לִפְנָָֽי 1Kgs 6:17 see below [ פָּנֶה], פָּנִים.

BDB6680 H6440 H3942

BDB6679 | BIBLICAL HEBREW | BDB6681

[פָּנֶה], plural פָּנִים2123 noun masculineProv 25:23 and (Ezekiel = Prov 21:21 = edge; on 2Sam 10:9 see below) feminine face, also faces (as turned toward one); — plural absolute פָּנִים Gen 32:31 +; construct פְּנֵי 2Sam 14:32 +; suffix 1 singular פָּנַי Gen 43:3 +; 3 masculine singular פָּנָיו Gen 4:5 +, פָּנֵי֑מוֺ Ps 11:7 (Köll.1.446); 2 masculine pluralפְּנֵיכֶם Gen 40:7 +, etc.; — usually with verb plural, Gen 4:5; Gen 4:6; Exod 33:14 +; with verb singular Lam 4:16 (through influence of intervening ׳י, Ges«GKC:146a»§ 146a), Prov 15:14 (but read פִּי, as Qr, see פֶּה); —

I. 1. face, faces (Jer 30:6; Ezek 27:35 +, compare Ezek 1:6; Ezek 10:14; Ezek 10:21 etc.):
  a. literally, of man Gen 43:31; 2Sam 19:5; 1Kgs 19:13; Lev 13:14; Dan 8:18; Dan 10:9; Dan 10:15 +; ׳עוֺר פ Exod 35:29; Exod 35:30; Exod 35:35 pale (from alarm) Isa 29:22; Jer 30:6, flushed Isa 13:8; Ezek 21:3, compare Nah 2:11; Joel 2:6 tearful Isa 25:8; Job 16:16 sad, רעים ׳פ Gen 40:7, compare Neh 2:2; Neh 2:3, also ׳רֹעַ פ Eccl 7:8 i.e. sadness; ׳יֵּיטִב פ Prov 15:13 maketh glad the face; נָָֽפְלוּ פָנֶיךָ, Gen 4:5; Gen 4:6 why is the face fallen (in displeasure), compare 1Sam 1:18 (reading נָָֽפְלָה, נָָֽפְ לוּ, or הִפִּילָה); covered with shame Ezek 7:18, whence figurative of confusion, discomfiture Jer 51:51; Ps 69:8; Ps 83:17, etc.
  b. of ׳י Exod 33:20, compare vExod 33:23.
  c. פָּנִים אֶלפָּֿנִים face to face, of seeing (God) Gen 32:31, compare Judg 6:22, knowing Deut 34:10, judging Ezek 20:35, speaking Exod 33:11, and so ׳בְּפ ׳פ Deut 5:4 נִתְרֶאֶה פָנִים 2Kgs 14:8 see each other (in the) face = meet each other in battle, compare v2Kgs 14:11 = 2Chr 25:17; 2Chr 25:21.
  d. of relations with ׳׃י ׳הֵרִים פ Ezra 9:6, in worship (see also נשׂא); in spiritual sense Jer 2:27; Jer 32:33 (פָּנָה אֵלַי עֹרֶף וְלֹא פָנִים); ׳לִדְרוֺשׁ י ׳נָתַן פ 2Chr 20:3 ׳נָתַן אֶתפֿ אֶלאֲֿדֹנָי Dan 9:3 הַבָּנִים קְשֵׁי פָנִים Ezek 2:4.
  e. of ׳י himself, לֹא יָסִיר פָּנִיםִ מִכֶּם 2Chr 30:9 בְּעֹשֵׂי ׳פְּנֵי י רָ֑ע Ps 34:17 גַּעֲרַת פָּנֶיךָ Ps 80:17. — See further below
7. 2. a. = presence, person, of ׳י Exod 33:14; Exod 33:15, בְּפָנָיו Deut 4:37, מַלְאַךְ פָּנָיו Isa 63:9 לֶחֶם הַפָּנִים, see לֶחֶם; of ׳י's angry presence Lam 4:16; Ps 21:10 of Absalom 2Sam 17:11 in weakened sense, nearly = suffix (compare נפשׁ 4 a), Prov 7:15.
  b. with ראה technically, see one's face, i.e. appear before one, in one's presence: before a man Gen 32:21 (+ 3 other uses of ׳פ), (God, with יראה pointed as Niph`al, see II 2); especially as privilege, = have access to, man of rank Gen 43:3; Gen 43:5; Gen 44:23; Gen 44:26, king Exod 10:28 (twice in verse) compare vExod 10:29 (all J), 2Sam 14:24 (twice in verse); 2Sam 14:28; 2Sam 14:32 compare 2Sam 3:13 (twice in verse); רֹאֵי פְנֵי הַמֶּלֶךְ 2Kgs 25:19 = Jer 52:25; Esth 1:14 implying favour of person seen, man Gen 33:10 (J), God vGen 33:10, compare Job 33:26 (Hiph`il), and, with חזה, Ps 11:7; Ps 17:15.
3. face of seraphim Isa 6:2, cherubim Exod 25:20 (twice in verse) = Exod 37:9 (twice in verse), Ezek 1:8; Ezek 1:11; 2Chr 3:13 +.
4. face of animals, פְּנֵי הַצּאֹן Gen 30:40 ׳אַרְיֵה וּפ ׳פ נֶשֶׁר ׳שׁוֺר ופ Ezek 1:10 (in descr. of cherubim), compare Ezek 10:14 אַרְיֵה ׳פ also 1Chr 12:8 (figurative), כְֿפִיר׳פ Ezek 41:19 ׳פִּתְחֵי פ Job 41:6 of crocodile.
5. face (= surface) of ground (הָאֲדָמָה) Gen 2:6; Gen 4:14; Gen 7:4; Ps 104:30 +, so הָאָרֶץ ׳פ Gen 1:29; Gen 7:3; Gen 8:9; Gen 11:4; Gen 11:8; Gen 11:9; Gen 19:28; Isa 24:1, תֵבֵל ׳פ Isa 14:21; Isa 27:6 of a field Prov 24:31 תְהוֺם ׳פ Gen 1:2 (twice in verse); Job 38:30, הַמַּיִם ׳פ Gen 7:18 רְקִיעַ הַשָּׁמַיִם׳פ Gen 1:20 כִֿסֵּה׳פ Job 26:9 i.e. of God's throne (but Bu reads כֶּסֶה fullmoon); הַלּוֺט ׳פ Job 25:7 see [ לוּט; לְבוּשׁוֺ ׳פ Job 41:5 the expanse of his [the crocodile's] coat; front (especially Ezek.), of house Ezek 41:14; Ezek 47:1, הַקֹּדֶשׁ ׳פ Ezek 41:21 of gate Ezek 40:6; Ezek 40:20; Ezek 40:22; Ezek 42:15; Ezek 43:4 of chamber Ezek 40:44 (twice in verse); Ezek 40:45; Ezek 40:46 of pot (סִיר) Jer 1:13 הַמִּלְחָמָה ׳פ 2Sam 10:9 battle-front = 1Chr 19:10 (verb agrees with ׳הַמּ in gender, Ges«GKC:146a»§ 146a); = van of locust-army Joel 2:20 (opposed to סֹפוֺ); front, i.e. edge, of sword Ezek 21:21, of axe Eccl 10:10 = condition, state of a thing, as denoted by its appearance; of flock Prov 27:23 הַדָּבָר ׳פ 2Sam 14:20 the appearance (situation, attitude) of the affair.
6. as adverb of location מִפָּנִים וּמֵאָחוֺר 2Sam 10:9 before and behind = ׳וְֿ ׳פ 1Chr 19:10, also Ezek 2:10; 2Chr 13:14 פְּנֵי toward Song 7:5, also in front (to the East?) of 2Chr 20:16 (see לִפְנֵי d below); לְפָנִים forward Jer 7:24 (opposed to לְאחוֺר); מִלִּפְנִים 1Kgs 6:29 see פְּנִימָה; adverb temporal לְפָנִים formerly Deut 2:12; Deut 2:20; Josh 11:10; Judg 1:10; Judg 1:11; Judg 1:13 + 12 t.; מִלְּפָנִים Isa 41:26 from beforetime (|| מֵראֹשׁ).
7. for other phrases see: אוֺר verb Hiph`il 5; אוֺר n. 10; בּוֺשׁ Hiph`il; בקשׁ Pi`el 3; בּשֶׁת 1; [הַכָּרָה]; הָדַר 2; זָעַם Niph`al; זָעַף 1; הָבַשׁ 1 a; I. חָרָה I חָוַר; חָזַק Pi`el 5; II. חלה; IV. חמר; חָפָה; טָחַן; יָעַד Hoph`al; יְשׁוּעָה 3; כּוּן Hiph`il 3; כִּפֶּר 1; כָּסָה Pi`el 1, 2; מָאוֺר; מְגַמָּה p. 169; I. מוּל; מַשּׂא; [נָבַט] Hiph`il 3; נֶגֶד 1, 2 c; נֹכַח; נָכַר Hiph`il; נָפַל 3 b, and Hiph`il 5; נָשָׂא 1 b (3); נָתַן 2 b; סָבַב Hiph`il 1 a; סָתַר Hiph`il 2; I. עֵבֶר 2; עַז, עָזַז Hiph`il; עָמַד Hiph`il 6 a; II. עֻמָּה; [צָרַב]; [קָדַם] Pi`el; שִׂים; שׁוּב Hiph`il; שִׁית; II.שָׁנָה Pi`el; תֹּפֶת. II. פְּנֵי with prepositions: —
1. אֶלפְּֿנֵי:
  a. to the presence of, Exod 23:17 pregnantly יֵרָאֶה ֗֗֗ אֶלפְּֿנֵי הָאָדוֺן shall appear (coming) to the presence of (= before) ׳י (|| Exod 34:23 ׳אֶתפְּֿנֵי הָא); with יָצָא = to confront 2Chr 19:2.


  b. to the front of, after a verb of motion, Lev 6:7 הַמִּזְבֵּחַ ׳הַקְרֵב אֹתָהּ ֗֗֗ אֶלפְּֿנֵ, Lev 9:5; Lev 16:2; Num 17:8; Num 20:10.
  c. towards or on the front of (אֶל = עַל), Ezek 41:4; Ezek 41:12; Ezek 41:15; Ezek 41:25; Ezek 42:2; Ezek 42:3; Ezek 42:7; Ezek 42:10; Ezek 42:13; Ezek 45:7; Ezek 48:21.
  d. on to the surface of, Lev 14:53 וְשִׁלַּח ֗֗֗ אֶלפְּֿנֵי הַשָּׂדֶה, Ezek 16:5.

2. אֶתפְּֿנֵי close by (II. אֵת) the face or front of: hence
  a. the presence of, 1Sam 2:11 עֵלִי ׳אֶתפֿ 1Kgs 12:6 who stood שְׁלֹמֹה ׳אֶתפֿ (compare לִפְנֵי 1Kgs 10:8), Esth 1:10; Prov 17:24 pregnantly (nisi וַיַּנִּחֵם leg., ᵑ6 ᵑ7 We Dr and others) 1Sam 22:4. Specifically ׳אֶתפְּֿנֵי י Gen 19:13 (1Sam 2:17), v1Sam 2:27; 1Sam 2:18 and with נִרְאָה of the appearance of all males at the three annual חַגִּים, Exod 34:23 הָאָדֹן ׳יֵרָאֶה כָּלזְֿכוּרְךָ אֶתפֿ, vExod 34:24; Deut 16:16 (compare Dr), Deut 31:11; 1Sam 1:22 (|| ׳י ׳אלפֿ Exod 23:17); so פָּנַי alone Exod 23:15 = Exod 34:20 (לֹא יֵרָאוּ פָנַי רֵיקָם), Isa 1:22, פָנֶיךָ Ps 42:3 (according to many, GesThes DiExod 23:15 CheIsa 1:12, critical note, the verb in all these passages was originally Qal, afterwards pointed as Niph`al to avoid the expression see the face of ׳י); אֶתפָּֿנֶיךָ in thy presence Ps 16:10; Ps 21:7; Ps 140:14.
  b. in front of, Gen 33:18. הָעִיר ׳וַיִּחַן אֶתפֿ, Lev 4:6 פָרֹכֶת הַקֹּדֶשׁ ׳אֶתפֿ ׳לִפְנֵי י vLev 4:17. — מֵאֵת פְּנֵי from before, see II. אֵת
4 a. 3. בִּפְנֵי: (a) in the face of, mostly in particular phrases, with hostile import: thus, with יָרַק to spit Num 12:14; Deut 25:9 התיצב to make a stand Deut 7:24; Deut 11:25, and עמד Josh 10:8, לֹא יַעֲמֹד אִישׁ בְּפָנֶיךָ Josh 21:42; Josh 23:9 עָנָה to answer (give evidence) against, Hos 5:5 וענה גאון ישׂראל בפניו, Hos 7:10; Job 16:8 וְנָקֹטוּ בִּפְנֵיהֶם = feel loathing against their own selves, Ezek 6:9, so Ezek 20:43; Ezek 36:31. (b) in front of, Ezek 42:12.

4. לִפְנֵי, properly at the face or front of, the most general word for in the presence of, before: as Gen 18:22 עֹמֵד לִפְנֵי אַבְרָהָם, Exod 4:21; Exod 11:10; 2Sam 2:14; Prov 17:18 + often; after a verb of motion, Gen 47:2 וַיַּצִּיגֵם ׳לפני פ and set them before Pharaoh, Gen 27:20 ׳כִּי הִקְרָה י לפני literally made (it) to meet before me (compare Gen 24:12), Exod 29:10; Prov 18:16 etc. In particular,
  a. With the implication of
   (a) under the eye or oversight of, Deut 25:2; 1Sam 3:1.
   (b) under the eye and regard of, Gen 17:18 לוּ יִשְׁמָעֵאל יִחְיֶה לְפָנֶיךָ, Hos 6:2; Isa 53:2; Ps 61:8 compare Jer 30:20; Jer 31:36; Isa 66:22; Ps 102:29: also 1Sam 2:28; 2Sam 19:14.
   (c) figurative for in (or into) the full (mental) view of, Gen 6:13 קֵץ כָּלבָּֿשָׂר בָּא לְפָנַי is come in before me, Lam 1:22 תָּבאֹ כָלרָֿעָתָם לְפָנֶיךָ, Jonah 1:2 עָֽלְתָה לְפָנַי (compare אֶל Gen 18:21; Exod 2:23), Isa 65:6 כְּתוּבָה לְפָנָ֑י, Jer 2:22 נִכְתָּךְ לְפָנָי (compare נֶגְדִּי Isa 47:12).
   (d) openly before, 1Sam 12:2 הִתְהַלֵךְ לִפְנֵי, and with collateral idea of deserving (and receiving) regard 1Sam 2:35, especially ׳לפני י Gen 17:1 and elsewhere.
   (e) in presence of the moon or sun, Ps 72:5; Ps 72:17, i.e. as long as they endure.
   (f) free before, at the disposal of,Gen 13:9 הֲלֹא כָלהָֿאָרֶץ לְפָנֶיךָ (compare Gen 20:15; Gen 34:10; Gen 47:6; Jer 40:4; 2Chr 14:6), 2Chr 24:51; Song 8:12.
   (g) in the sight (estimation) of, Gen 7:1 thee have I seen to be just before me, Gen 10:9 a mighty hunter before ׳י, Deut 24:4 ׳י ׳תּוֺעֵבָה ל, vDeut 24:13 ׳י ׳צְדָקָה ל, 1Sam 20:1 b, אָרוּר ׳י ׳ל Josh 6:26; 1Sam 26:19, ׳י ׳לְרָצוֺן ל acceptable before ׳י, Lev 1:3 +, Ps 19:15; 2Kgs 5:1 a great man לִפְנֵי אֲדֹנָיו, Prov 14:12; Ps 143:2 ׳וַיִּיטַב ל (late synonym of earlier בְּעֵנֵי) Neh 2:5; Neh 2:6; Esth 5:14 ׳טוֺב ל Eccl 2:26; Eccl 7:26 compare also נָתַן לְרַחֲמִים לִפְנֵי, see רַחֲמִים.
   (h) ׳לִפְנֵי י, specifically of acts done with a solemn sense of ׳י's presence, often, but not always, at a sanctuary: Gen 27:7 that I may eat and bless thee before ׳י, before I die, Exod 18:12 to eat bread before God, Deut 1:45 ye wept before ׳י, Deut 6:25; Deut 12:7 (to eat, so vDeut 12:18; Deut 14:23; Deut 14:26; Deut 15:20), vDeut 15:12 (rejoice, so vDeut 15:18; Deut 27:7; Isa 9:2), Josh 18:6; Josh 24:1; Judg 11:11; Judg 20:23; Judg 20:26; Judg 21:2; 1Sam 7:6; 1Sam 10:19; 1Sam 11:15; 1Sam 12:7; 1Sam 15:33; 1Sam 23:18; 2Sam 5:3; 2Sam 7:18; 2Sam 21:9 and constantly in P, as Exod 16:9; Exod 16:33; Exod 16:34; Lev 1:5; Lev 1:11; Lev 3:1; Lev 3:7 etc.; of residents in Jerusalem Isa 23:18. So in ׳י ׳הָלַךְ ל 1Kgs 2:4 and elsewhere.
  b. In other phrases: —
   (a) עָמַד לִפְנֵי to stand before, i.e. wait upon, be in attendance on, Deut 1:38 and elsewhere (see עָמַד 1 e). Simil. הָיָה לִפְנֵי 1Sam 19:7 (compare 1Sam 29:8), 2Kgs 5:2 ׳עָבַד ל 2Sam 16:19.
   (b) הִשְׁתַּחֲוָה לִפְנֵי to bow down before Gen 23:12; Deut 26:10; 2Kgs 18:22 and elsewhere (see below שָׁחָה; also נָפַל 3 b): so with הִתְפַּלֵּל to pray 1Sam 1:12 +; compare הלך פָני 1Kgs 12:30; 1Chr 21:30.
   (c) to be smitten (נִגַּף) before a foe; see נָגַף Niph`al [contrast נוּס מִפְּנֵי: below 6 a]. So with נָפַל 1Sam 14:13 נָתַן (in helplessness or flight), especially in Deuteronomy, as Deut 1:8; Deut 1:21; Deut 7:2 (twice in verse); Deut 7:23; Josh 10:12; Josh 11:6 + (DrDT lxxxii): compare Judg 4:15; 2Sam 5:20; Isa 45:1; Jer 1:17.
   (d) עָמַד לִפְנֵי to stand (make a stand) before (not quite so strong as בִּפְנֵי ׳ע, above 3), Exod 9:11; Judg 2:14; 2Kgs 10:4; Jer 49:19; Ps 76:8; Ps 147:17; Nah 1:6 so with הִתְיַצֵּב Deut 9:2; Josh 1:5; Job 41:2, קוּם Josh 7:12; Josh 7:13.
   (e) in hostile sense (rare), יָצָא לִפְנֵי go forth to face 1Chr 14:8; 2Chr 14:9.
   (f) לִפְנֵי (נָתַן) שִׂים, of food, to set or place before, Gen 18:8; Gen 24:33 +.
   (g) נָתַן לִפְנֵי to set before, i.e. propound for acceptance or choice, usually of laws (especially Deuteronomy, Jeremiah), Deut 4:8; Deut 11:26; Deut 11:32; Deut 30:1; Deut 30:15; Deut 30:19; 1Kgs 9:6 (D2), Jer 9:12; Jer 21:8; Jer 26:4; Jer 44:10; , compare Ezek 23:24 (place at disposal of): so with שִׂים Exod 19:7; Exod 21:1.
  c. With reference to position:
   (a) in front of, before, especially with verbs of motion (with which נֶגֶד is hardly used), Gen 32:21 בַּמִּנְחָה הַהֹלֶכֶת לְפָנָ֔י that goeth before me, Gen 33:14 the cattle אֲשֶׁר לְפָנַי, Exod 17:5; Exod 23:20 etc.; in the description of a march or procession, Exod 13:21; Exod 13:22; Num 10:33; Isa 52:12; Isa 58:8 +; 2Sam 3:31 and wail before Abner (before his bier); of flocks before a shepherd Gen 32:18 of captives or booty driven before a conqueror 1Sam 30:20 (read וַיִּנְהֲגוּ לְפָנָיו We Dr), Isa 8:4; Isa 40:10 = Isa 62:11 וּפְעֻלָּתוֺ לְפָנָיו his recompence (i.e. his newly-recovered people, regarded as his prize of war) before him, Amos 9:4; Lam 1:5; Lam 1:6
   (b) of a leader, etc. = at the head of, Deut 10:11; Judg 9:39; 1Sam 8:20; Mic 1:13 and elsewhere; compare בא ויצא לפני (העם) Num 27:17; 1Sam 18:13; 1Sam 18:16; 2Chr 1:10; Eccl 4:16 before whom (at whose head) he was.
   (c) denoting superiority, before, above, Gen 48:20 וַיָּשֶׂם אתאֿפרים לפני מנשׁה, Job 34:19.
  d. Of places (not very common): Exod 14:2 before Pi-hahiroth . . ., before Baal-zephon, Num 33:7b, Gen 23:17 מַמְרֵא ׳אשׁר ל (usually ׳על פני מ: see 7 a d), 1Chr 19:7; Neh 8:1; Neh 8:3 before the temple, veil, altar, etc., Exod 16:34 + הָעֵדֻת ׳ל, Exod 30:6 + הַפָּרֹכֶת ׳ל, Exod 40:5; Exod 40:6; Num 3:38; Num 7:10 and elsewhere (all P), 1Kgs 6:21; 1Kgs 7:49 +.
  e. Of time, before: Amos 1:1: לפני הָָֽ רעַשׁ before the earthquake, Gen 29:26; Gen 30:30 לְפָנַי before me (i.e. before I came to thee), Exod 10:14 לפניו לא היה כן before it there was not the like, Num 13:22; 1Kgs 16:25; 1Kgs 16:30 מִכֹּל אֲשֶׁר לְפָנָיו, Isa 43:10; Isa 48:7; Prov 8:25; Job 15:7 etc. Sq. infinitive, Gen 13:10 ׳לִפְנֵי שַׁחֵת י before ׳י's destroying, etc., Gen 27:7 לִפְנֵי מוֺתִי, Gen 36:31; 1Sam 9:15 +. Once, in late Hebrew, לִפְנֵי מִזֶּה before this Neh 13:4. feminine In the manner of, like (rare and dubious), 1Sam 1:16 אַלתִּֿתֵּן אֶתאֲֿמָֽתְךָ לִפְנֵי בַתבִּֿלִיַּעַל like a worthless woman, Job 3:24 like my food, Job 4:19 they are crushed like the moth (compare Lat pro).
5. מִלִּפְנֵי73 from before: —
  a. from the presence of (properly, from a position before a person or object: to be distinguished from מִפְּנֵי; see 6):
   (a) Gen 41:46 ׳ויצא יוסף מִלִּפְנֵי פ from before Pharaoh, Gen 47:10; 2Kgs 5:27; 2Kgs 6:32 +; ׳י ׳מל Gen 4:6 Cain went forth from before ׳י, Jonah 1:3; Jonah 1:10 specifically of the sanctuary, Lev 9:24 ׳ותצא אשׁ מלפני י (so Lev 10:2), קֶצֶף Num 17:11 (compare 2Chr 19:2), with לָקַח etc. Lev 16:12; Num 17:24; Num 20:9, 1Sam 21:7 the shew-bread that was removed from before ׳י; from before a place 1Kgs 8:54; Ezra 10:6; 2Chr 1:13,
   (b) of taking, etc., from before a person, Gen 23:4 to bury my dead from before me, vGen 23:8; Exod 36:3; Deut 17:18 ׳וכתב לו מִשְׁנֵה התורה הזאת מל הכהנים from (the copy) before the priests, Deut 28:31 גָּזוּכ מלפניך.
   (c) with בקשׁ Esth 4:8 [compare מִןקֳדָם Dan 2:18]; and to express the idea of proceeding from a person, Esth 1:19 [compare Dan 2:15], Eccl 10:5; 1Chr 29:12 הָעשֶׁר והכבוד מלפניך (compare Acts 3:19); Ps 17:2 מלפניך. יֵצֵא משׁפטי.
   (d) of cutting off, etc., from before ׳י (compare לִפְנֵי a b, c), Lev 22:3; 1Kgs 8:25 לֹאיִֿכָּרֵת לְךָ אִישׁ, מִלְּפָנִי Jer 31:36; Jer 33:18; Isa 48:19: Ps 51:13 אַלתַּֿשְׁלִיכֵנִי מִלְּפָנְיךָ (compare 8 a); Jer 16:17 לֹא נִסְתְּרוּ מִלְּפָנַי, Jer 18:23; Neh 3:37.
   (e) of expelling from before an invader, Exod 23:28; Deut 9:4; Deut 11:23; Deut 31:3 + (but much less common than מִפְּנֵי).
  b. (Chiefly late) to express the source or cause, with the force of the לְ weakened, in cases where the earlier language would have used מִפְּנֵי: with verbs of fearing, 1Sam 18:12; Eccl 3:14; Eccl 8:12; Eccl 8:13; 1Chr 16:30 חִילִי מִלְּפָנָיו [|| Ps 96:9 מפניו], Ps 114:7 (twice in verse); Esth 7:6; 2Chr 32:7 ( + מפני); failing, etc., Isa 57:16; Ps 97:5 being humbled, 1Kgs 21:29 ( + מפני), 2Chr 32:12; 2Chr 32:23; 2Chr 34:27 [|| 2Kgs 22:19 מפני], 2Kgs 36:12 crying for help 1Sam 8:18 [compare מפני Exod 3:7], singing 1Chr 16:33 [|| Ps 96:13 לפני], fleeing 1Chr 19:18 [|| 2Sam 10:18 מִפְּנֵי].
  c. of time, once, = לִפְנֵי Eccl 1:10. — With the later usages of ׳מל, compare מִן קֳדָם in Biblical Aramaic and ᵑ7 (Dr Smlxx-lxxi, lxxiii); see also Köii. 320.
6. מִפְּנֵי from the face or presence of, from before, Exod 14:19 וַיִּסַּע עמוד הענן מִפְּנֵיהֶם removecl from before them, Isa 30:11; Hos 11:2 so
  a. (often with suggestion of causation (see מִן 2 d, e, f), because of, for fear of [so AV RV Judg 9:21; 1Sam 21:11; 1Sam 23:26; (twice in verse); Jer 37:11; Jer 41:9; Jer 50:16]) after verbs of hiding Gen 3:8; Gen 4:14; Isa 2:10 (compare vIsa 2:19 vIsa 2:21); and especially of escaping, Judg 9:21 (Thes 'bene ᵑ9 ob metum A.'), 1Sam 18:11; 1Sam 19:10; 1Sam 23:26, or fleeing, Exod 4:3; Exod 14:25; 1Sam 17:24 + often (see בָּרַךְ and נוּס), and expelling, destroying, etc. Exod 23:30 אֲגָָֽרְשֶׁנּוּ מִפָּנֶיךָ I will expel them from before thee, Exod 34:11; Exod 34:24 אוֺרִישׁ גּוֺיִם מִפָּנֶיךָ (see הוֺרִישׁ), Lev 18:24; Deut 8:20; Amos 2:9; Ps 89:24 + often (as though clearing the way for Israel, for Israel's sake: compare Isa 63:12 בּוֺקֵעַ מַיִס מִפְּנֵיהֶם, Josh 2:10; Josh 4:23). Pregn. Isa 17:9 ׳כַּעֲזוּבַת ֗֗֗ אשׁר עזבו מפני בני ישׂר which they forsook (fleeing) from before, etc.
  b. implying causation more distinctly. Ps 9:4 יאבדו מפניך perish from before thee or at the presence, Deut 7:20: very often with verbs of fearing, as גור, יגר, חיל, ירא, ערץ, פחד, קוץ Exod 9:30; Num 22:3 (twice in verse); Deut 1:17; Jer 5:22 etc. (mostly when the object inspiring fear is a person: when it is a thing, מִן alone is preferred; but see Deut 5:5; Deut 9:19); of being alarmed or dismayed Gen 45:3; Josh 2:9; Jer 1:17; Job 23:15, etc.; of humbling oneself Exod 10:3; Judg 11:33 +; with other words, to indicate the external ground of an action or effect, as הַס מִפָּנָיו be silent at (i.e. because of) his presence Zeph 1:7; Hab 2:20; Judg 5:5 the mountains flowed ׳מפני י at the presence of ׳י, Isa 63:19; Jer 4:26; Nah 1:5; Ps 68:3 as wax melteth מפני אשׁ; Deut 20:19; Isa 19:1; Isa 26:17 כן היינו מפניך so were we through thy presence (more than לפניך, — implying that their state was due to ׳י); קום מפני to rise up at the presence of Gen 31:35; Lev 19:32. (
N.B. In a, b, frequently rendered before in AV RV, and so confused with לפני; but the מִן retains always its full force in the Hebrew)
  c. of the cause, whether nearer or more remote:
   (a) Gen 6:13 מָֽלְאָה הָאָרֶץ חָמָס מִפְּנֵיהֶם because of them (i.e. occasioned by them), Gen 27:4 I loathe my life because of the daughters of Heth, Gen 36:7 the land could not support them because of their cattle, Gen 41:31; Gen 47:13; Exod 3:7 their cry by reason of their taskmasters, Exod 8:20 תִּשָּׁחֵת הָאָרֶץ מִפְּנֵי הֶעָרֹב, Exod 9:11; Josh 2:11; Josh 23:3; Judg 2:18; Judg 6:6; 1Kgs 5:17; 1Kgs 8:11 + often; Isa 10:27 (RVm), Jer 15:17; Ps 38:4; Ps 38:6, etc.; Jer 4:4 + מִפְּנֵי רֹעַ מַעַלְלֵיכֶם by reason of the evil of your doings, Jer 7:12; Jer 9:6; Jer 13:17; Jer 14:16; Jer 23:9 + often
   (b) stating the reason for which a thing is not done (Latin prae,), 1Kgs 8:11; Job 37:19.
   (c) with אֲשֶׁר as a conjunction, twice, because that, Exod 19:18; Jer 44:23. — Num 33:8 see פִּי הַחִירֹת.
7. עַלפְּֿנֵי (compare Phoenician עַל פְּנֵ, עלת פְּנֵ, Lzb352) has different meanings according to the different senses of the noun and the preposition: —
  a. From the sense of face or front:
   (a) in front of (more definite and distinct than לפני): Ps 18:43 as dust before the wind (compare לפני Ps 35:5; Ps 83:14 +), Gen 32:22 the present passed on עלפֿניו in front of him, Exod 33:19 אעביר כלטֿוּבי עלפֿניך,2Sam 15:18; 2Sam 15:23 (read עלפֿניו: see Dr), Job 4:15 = in the sight of, Lev 10:3 ועלפֿני כל העם אֶכָּבֵד, Jer 6:7 עַלפָּֿנַי תָּמִיד חֳלִי וּמַכָּה, Jer 13:26 (compare Nah 3:5), Ps 9:20 יִשָּֽׁפְטוּ גוים עלפֿניך before thee: defiantly, Job 1:11 אםלֿא עלֿ פניך יְבָֽרְכֶךָּ will renounce thee to thy face, Job 6:28 ועלפֿניכם אם אֲכַוֵּב, Job 21:31 to die in the presence of any one ( = in his lifetime) Gen 11:28; Num 3:4.
   (b) before, to the exclusion of another, i.e. in preference to, Deut 21:16, and perhaps(Ew§ 217 l) Exod 20:3 (Deut 5:7) לא יהיה לך אלהים אחרים עלפֿני (Thes and others as c).
   (c) in addition to, Job 16:14 פֶּרֶץעַלפְּֿנֵיפֶֿרֶץ יִפְרְצֵנִי.
   (d) of localities, in front of, mostly (but not always: see GFMJu., p. 351) = east of, 1Kgs 6:3 the porch in front of, etc., v1Kgs 6:3; 1Kgs 7:6; 1Kgs 8:8; 2Chr 3:17; Ezek 42:8; Gen 16:12 עלפֿני כלאֿחיו ישׁכן (compare Gen 25:18 b), perhaps (Di and others) with collateral idea of defiance; מַמְרֵא ׳עַלפֿ Gen 23:19 (Gen 50:13), Exod 16:14 often in אשׁר עלפֿני ֗֗֗ Gen 25:9 (Gen 49:30), מצרים vGen 49:18 a (Josh 13:3; 1Sam 15:7), Num 21:11; Num 33:7 a, ירחו Deut 32:49 (Deut 34:1), Josh 13:3; Josh 13:25; Josh 15:8 (Josh 18:16), Josh 17:7; Josh 18:14; Josh 19:11; Judg 16:3; 1Sam 24:3 (probably), 1Sam 26:1; 1Sam 26:3; 2Sam 2:24; 1Kgs 11:7 (the Mt. of Olives, east of Jews.; so 2Kgs 23:13; Zech 14:4), Zech 17:3; Zech 17:5. — Gen 1:20 let fowl fly עלפֿני רקיע השׁמים in front of the firmament of heaven, namely as looked up to from below, i.e. between the firmament and the earth. (ε) with verbs implying direction, over towardas, Gen 18:16 וישׁקף עלפֿני סדם, Gen 19:28; Num 21:20 (Num 23:28) נשׁקפה עלפֿני הישׁימן overlooking; to sprinkle against the front of Lev 16:14 in a hostile sense (rare), Nah 2:2 עָלָה מֵפִיץ עַלפָּֿנַיִךְ, Ps 21:13; Ezek 32:10.


  b. From the sense of surface, Gen 1:2 עלפֿני תהום upon the face of the deep, Exod 16:14 ׳המדבר עלפֿ: often in the phrases עלפֿני (כל) הארץ Gen 1:29; Gen 7:3 +, and (more frequently) עלפֿני האדמה on the face of the ground Gen 6:1; Gen 7:23 etc.; על פני השׂדה Lev 17:5; Num 19:16; 1Sam 14:25 +; after verbs of motion, 1Sam 11:4 lest we be scattered over the face of all the earth, v1Sam 11:8 v1Sam 11:9; Exod 32:20; Lev 14:7 (Lev 14:53 אל), Isa 18:2; Isa 19:8; Amos 5:8; Ezek 32:4; Job 5:10 +.

8. מֵעַלפְּֿנֵי
  a. from before the face of, Gen 23:3 Abraham rose up מֵעַל פְּנֵי מֵתוֺ from before his dead, i.e. from mourning before or beside it; Psalms (פניו) מֵעַל פני from before my (his) face, often in Kings & Jeremiah of the rejection of Israel or the temple, as with שִׁלַּת 1Kgs 9:7 (|| 2Chr 7:20 השׁליך), Jer 15:1, השׁליד 2Kgs 13:23; 2Kgs 24:20 (Jer 52:3), Jer 7:15, נטשׁ Jer 23:39, הסיר 2Kgs 17:18; 2Kgs 17:23; 2Kgs 23:27; 2Kgs 24:3; Jer 32:31.
  b. from of the surface of, often in the phrase מֵעַל פְּנֵי הָאֲדָמָה, with verbs of cutting off, removing, expelling, etc., Psalms; Gen 4:14; Gen 6:7; Gen 7:4; Gen 8:8; Exod 32:12; Deut 6:15; 1Sam 20:15; 1Kgs 9:7; 1Kgs 13:34; Amos 9:8; Jer 28:16; Zeph 1:2; Zeph 1:3.

BDB6683 H3942 H6440

BDB6682 | BIBLICAL HEBREW | BDB6684

לִפְנָ֑י 1Kgs 6:17, Ew§ 164 a Ke as adjective, anterior, but read, with ᵐ5, לִפְנֵי הַדְּבִיד Th Sta Kit and others

before, face, presence, because, faces, …
pānîm
the face (as the part that turns); used in a great variety of applications (literally and figuratively); also (with prepositional prefix) as a preposition (before, etc.)
  • face
    • face, faces
      • "presence, person"face (of seraphim or cherubim)"face (of animals)"face, surface (of ground)"as adv of loc/temp
      • before and behind, toward, in front of, forward, formerly, from beforetime, before
      with prep
      • in front of, before, to the front of, in the presence of, in the face of, at the face or front of, from the presence of, from before, from before the face of

יְהוָֽה
יְהוָֽה
Root word a name — transliterate it ("The lord")
Dictionary form: יְהֹוָה · yeh-hoh-WAW

Noun — Proper Name

In the KJV here: the lord
the lord ×2811 of the lord ×1522 and the lord ×457 unto the lord ×342 o lord ×222 am the lord ×158 lord ×67 to the lord ×60
More options
the LORD — Standard modern Bible convention; small-caps signal the divine name.
YHWH — Preserves the Hebrew tetragrammaton; used in scholarly translations.
Yahweh — Reconstructed pronunciation; preferred in academic and some modern versions.
the Lord — General rendering when small-caps convention is unavailable.
God — Use only where context clearly equates YHWH with generic deity.
the Eternal — Captures timeless-existence nuance; used in some progressive translations.

BDB2100 H3068 H3069 H1961 H430 H589 H2022 H6635

BDB2099 | BIBLICAL HEBREW | BDB2101

יהוהc. 6823 i.e. יַהְוֶה proper name, of deity Yahweh, the proper name of the God of Israel — (

1. ᵑ0 יְהוָֺהC518 (Qr אֲדֹנָי), or יֱהוִֺה305 (Qr אֱלֹהִים), in the combinations אדני יהוה & יהוה אדני (see אֲדֹנֶי), and with preposition בַּיהוָֺה, לַיהוָֺה, מֵיהוָֺה (Qr בַּאדֹנָי, לַאדֹנָי, מֵאדֹנָי), do not give the original form. ᵐ5 and other Vrss follow the Qr. On the basis of Exod 20:7; Lev 24:11 יהוה was regarded as a nomen ineffabile (see Philode Vita Mosis iii. 519, 529), called by the Jews הַשֵּׁם and by the Samaritans שׁימא. The pronunciation Jehovah was unknown until 1520, when it was introduced by Galatinus; but it was contested by Le Mercier, J. Drusius, and L. Capellus, as against grammatical and historical propriety (compare Bö§ 88). The traditional Ἰαβέ of Theodoret and Epiphanius, the יָֿהוּ, יְהוֺֿ of compound proper name and the contracted form יָהּ all favour יַהְוֶךְ (compare יַהֲלֹמ֑וּן Ps 74:6 תַּהֲרוּ Isa 33:11), see LagSym i.14 BaudStudien i.179 ff.; DrStud.Bib.i.1 ff. For Jeve see StaZAW 1881, 346 Deib.1882, 173 f. & Gn. Excurs. ii.
2. on literature of interpretations see NesEg.67 Drl.c. — Many recent scholars explain יַהְוֶה as Hiph`il of היה (=היה) the one bringing into being, life-giver (compare חַוָּה Gen 3:20) Schr HSch; giver of existence, creator, Kue Tiele; he who brings to pass (so already Le Clerc),performer of his promises, Lag, NesEg.88 (but NesEg.91 inclines to Qal as RSBrit. & For. Ev. Rev see below); or from היה he who causes to fall, rain or lightning RSOTJC.ed.1, 423; om.ed.2, 245, compare WeSkizzen iii.175; 'Fäller,' destroying foes, StaG.i.429 (dubiously). But most take it as Qal of הוה (= היה); the one who is: i.e. the absolute and unchangeable one, Ri; the existing, ever living, as self-consistent and unchangeable, Di; or the one ever coming into manifestation as the God of redemption, De Oehl; compare also RSBrit. & For. Ev. Rev. 1876, he will be it, i.e all that his servants look for (compare Ewinfr), he will approve himself (give evidence of being, assert his being Drl.c.17)).
**Theories of non-Hebrew or non-Semitic origin, opposed (in their older forms) by BauRel. i. 181 ff. (see especially 230); DlPa 162 ff. claimed Babylonian origin for יהו, against this Kuenational Religions, etc., Note iv (Eng. Trans. 329 ff.) JastrJBL xiil {1894}, 103 f. compare HptBAS i. 170 N; DlBabel u. Bibel, 46 f., 73 f. makes same claim for יהוה, against this see especially HirschZAW xxiil {1903}, 355 ff. ZimKATS. 465 ff.; SpiegelbZMG:liii {1899}, 633 ff. proposes (improbable) Egyptian etymology for יהוה; further discussions see in KöEB NAMES, § 112 and n.3. 'Jehovah' found in Jacob (? Johannes) Wessel († 1480), according to SchwThLZ, 1905, col. 612.

I. יהוה is not used by E in Genesis, but is given Exod 3:12-15 as the name of the God who revealed Himself to Moses at Horeb, and is explained thus : אֶהְיֶה עִמָּ֑ךְ I shall be with thee (Exod 3:12), which is then implied in אֶהְיֶה אֲשֶׁר אֶהְיֶה I shall be the one who will be it vExod 3:14a (i.e: with thee vExod 3:12) and then compressed into אֶהְיֶה vExod 3:14b (i.e. with thee vExod 3:12), which then is given in the nominal form יהוה He who will be it vExod 3:15 (i.e. with thee vExod 3:12). compare EwBTh ii. 337, 338 RSl.c., Proph. 385 ff. Other interpretations are: I am he who I am, i.e. it is no concern of yours (Le Clerc LagPsalt.Hieron.156); I am (this is my name), inasmuch as I am (אֲשֶׁר = כִּי; AE JDMich WeJD Th xxi, 540 = compare Hexateuch 72); Di and others I am who I am, he who is essentially unnameable, inexplicable, — E uses יהוה sparingly by the side of אלהים and האלהים in his subsequent narrative. The Ephraimitic writers in Judges Samuel Kings use it in similar proportions. P abstains from the use of יהוה until he gives an account of its revelation to Moses Exod 6:3 but subsequently uses it freely. He gives no explanation of its meaning. He represents that אֵל שַׁדַּי was the God of the patriarchs. J uses יהוה from the beginning of his narrative, possibly explaining it, Gen 21:83 by אל עולם, the evergreen tamarisk being a symbol of the ever-living God; compare De Gen 21:33. Elsewhere יהוה is the common divine name in pre-exilic writers, but in post-exilic writers gradually falls into disuse, and is supplanted by אלהים and אדני. In Job it is used 31 t. in prose parts, and Job 12:9 (a proverb); not elsewhere in the poem. Chronicles apart from his sources prefers אלהים and האלהים. Daniel uses יהוה only in chap. 9 (7 t.); Ecclesiastes not at all. In the Elohistic group of Psalm 42-83 it is used 39 t. (see אלהים) . It occurs as the name of Israel's God MI18. It is doubtful whether it was used by other branches of the Shemitic family, compare COT Gen 2:4b DlPa 158 ff. DrStud. Bib. i. 7 ff.

II. 1. יהוה is used with אלהים and suffixes, especially in D;
  a. with אֱלֹהֶיךָ in the Ten Words Exod 20:2-12 (5 t.) = Deut 5:6-16 in the law of worship of J E, Exod 23:19; Exod 34:24; Exod 34:26 in D 234 t.; Josh 1:9; Josh 1:17; Josh 9:9; Josh 9:24 (D2); elsewhere Gen 27:20; Exod 15:26 (JE), Judg 6:26 Samuel & Kings 20 t.; 1Chr 11:2; 1Chr 22:11; 1Chr 22:12; 2Chr 9:8 (twice in verse); 2Chr 16:7; Isa 7:11; Isa 37:4 (twice in verse); Isa 41:13; Isa 43:3; Isa 51:15; Isa 55:5; Jer 40:2 + (3t.); Hos 12:10; Hos 13:4; Hos 14:2; Amos 9:15; Ps 81:11.
  b. with אֱלֹהֵיכֶם in D 46 t.; D2 28 t.; H 15 t.; P 15 t.; elsewhere Exod 23:25 (E); Exod 8:24; Exod 10:8; Exod 10:16; Exod 10:17 (JE); Judg 6:10; 1Sam 12:12; 1Sam 12:14; 2Kgs 17:39; 2Kgs 23:21; 1Chr 22:18 + (10 t. Chronicles) Ps 76:12; Jer 13:16 + (5 t.) Ezek 20:5; Ezek 20:7; Ezek 20:19; Ezek 20:20; Joel 2:13 + (6 t.) Zech 6:15.
  c. with אֱלֹהֵינוּ in D 23 t.; in D2 5 t.; Exod 8:6 (JE) Exod 3:18; Exod 5:3; Exod 8:22; Exod 8:23; Exod 10:25; Exod 10:26 (E) Judg 11:24; 1Sam 7:8; 1Kgs 8:57; 1Kgs 8:59; 1Kgs 8:61; 1Kgs 8:65; 2Kgs 18:22; 2Kgs 19:10 = Isa 36:7; Isa 37:20; 1Chr 13:2 + (15 t. Chronicles) Mic 4:5; Mic 7:17; Isa 26:13; Jer 3:22 + (17 t.) Ps 20:8; Ps 90:17 (?;Baer אֲדנָֹי); Ps 94:23; Ps 99:5; Ps 99:8; Ps 99:9 (twice in verse); Ps 105:7; Ps 106:47; Ps 113:5; Ps 122:9; Ps 123:2; Dan 9:10; Dan 9:13; Dan 9:14.
  d. with אֱלֹהֵיהֶם Exod 10:7 (J) Exod 29:46 (twice in verse); Lev 26:44 (P) Judg 3:7; Judg 8:34; 1Sam 12:9; 1Kgs 9:9; 2Kgs 17:7; 2Kgs 17:9; 2Kgs 17:14; 2Kgs 17:16; 2Kgs 17:19; 2Kgs 18:12; 2Chr 31:6; 2Chr 33:17; 2Chr 34:33; Neh 9:3 (twice in verse); Neh 9:4; Jer 3:21; Jer 22:9; Jer 30:9; Jer 43:1 (twice in verse); Jer 50:4; Ezek 28:26; Ezek 34:30; Ezek 39:22; Ezek 39:28; Hos 1:7; Hos 3:5; Hos 7:10; Zeph 2:7; Hag 1:12 (twice in verse); Zech 9:16; Zech 10:6.
  e. with אֱלֹהָיו Num 23:21 (E) Exod 32:11 (J) Lev 4:22 (P) Deut 17:19; Deut 18:7; 1Sam 30:6; 1Kgs 5:17; 1Kgs 11:4; 1Kgs 15:3; 1Kgs 15:4; 1Kgs 2:11; 1Kgs 16:2; 1Kgs 2:1 + 13 t. Chronicles; Mic 5:3; Jer 7:28; Ps 33:12; Ps 144:15; Ps 146:5; Jonah 2:2. feminine with אֱלֹהַי Num 22:18 (JE) Deut 4:5; Deut 18:16; Deut 26:14; Josh 14:8; Josh 14:9; 2Sam 24:24; 1Kgs 3:7; 1Kgs 5:18; 1Kgs 5:19; 1Kgs 8:28; 1Kgs 17:20; 1Kgs 17:21; 1Chr 21:17; 1Chr 22:7; 2Chr 2:3; 2Chr 6:19; 2Chr 9:5; Ps 7:2; Ps 7:4; Ps 13:4; Ps 18:29; Ps 30:3; Ps 30:13; Ps 35:24; Ps 40:6; Ps 104:1; Ps 109:26; Isa 25:1; Jer 31:18; Dan 9:4; Dan 9:20; Jonah 2:7; Hab 1:12; Zech 11:4; Zech 13:9; Zech 14:5.
  g. with אֱלֹהַיִךְ Isa 60:9; Jer 2:17; Jer 2:19; Jer 3:13; Mic 7:10; Zeph 3:17.
  h. with אלהים, probably always due to later editors, or to a Qr which has crept into the text Gen 2:4b — Gen 3:23 (J, 20 t. either אלהים inserted by RP as Di De; or יהוה inserted by J in an older source); Exod 9:30 (J, but not in ᵐ5 ⅏; Samaritan אדני יהוה; possibly ᵑ0 from earlier Qr, & ⅏ from later Qr); 2Sam 7:22; 2Sam 7:25 (ᵐ5 אדני יהוה and 1Chr 17:20-23 only יהוה); 1Chr 17:16; 1Chr 17:17 (but 2Sam 7:18; 2Sam 7:19 אדני יהוה) 1Chr 28:20; 1Chr 29:1; 2Chr 1:9; 2Chr 6:41 (twice in verse); 2Chr 6:42; 2Chr 26:18 (but in the original Ps 132:8 stood יהוה (so ℌ), or else no divine name); Ps 72:18 (the late doxology) Ps 84:12 (but it makes the line too long); Jonah 4:6. For the combinations with other divine names see those names.
2. the phrase אֲנִי יהוה is noteworthy: —
  a. after אמר either alone Exod 6:2; Exod 6:29 (P) or before relative and other clauses: Gen 28:13 (J) Gen 15:7 (R) Exod 6:6 (P) with אלהיכם Judg 6:10; Ezek 20:5.
  b. after ידע כי (α) Exod 7:17; Exod 8:18; Exod 10:2 (J); Exod 7:5; Exod 14:4; Exod 14:18 (P); 1Kgs 20:13; 1Kgs 20:28; Jer 24:7; Ezek 6:7 + 48 t. Ezekiel; (β) with אלהיכם Exod 6:7; Exod 16:12; Deut 29:5 (P) Exod 20:20; Joel 4:17 (γ) with אלהיהם Exod 29:46 (P) Ezek 28:26; Ezek 34:30; Ezek 39:22; Ezek 39:28 (δ) before relative and other clauses Isa 45:3; Isa 49:23; Isa 49:26; Isa 60:16; Ezek 7:9; Ezek 17:24; Ezek 21:10; Ezek 22:22; Ezek 35:12; Ezek 36:36 (ε) with various forms of קדשׁ Exod 31:13 (P) Ezek 20:12; Ezek 37:28; Ezek 39:7 (ζ) with דברתי Ezek 5:13; Ezek 17:21, compare ׳יֵדְעוּ אשׁר אני י Ezek 20:26.
  c. after כִּי in various combinations Lev 11:44; Lev 11:45; Num 35:34 (P), Lev 20:7; Lev 20:26; Lev 21:8; Lev 21:15; Lev 21:23; Lev 22:16; Lev 24:22; Lev 25:17; Lev 26:1; Lev 26:44 (all H); Exod 15:26 (R) Isa 41:13; Isa 43:3; Isa 61:8; Jer 9:23; Ezek 12:25; Ezek 21:4; Zech 10:6; Mal 3:6.
  d. emphatic Exod 6:8; Exod 12:12; Lev 26:2; Lev 26:45; Num 3:13; Num 3:41; Num 3:45 (all P); Lev 18:5; Lev 18:6; Lev 18:21; Lev 19:12; Lev 19:14; Lev 19:16; Lev 19:18; Lev 19:28; Lev 19:30; Lev 19:32; Lev 19:37; Lev 21:12; Lev 22:2; Lev 22:3; Lev 22:8; Lev 22:30; Lev 22:31; Lev 22:33 (all H) Isa 43:15 with אלהיהם Exod 29:46 with אלהיךָ Isa 48:17 with אלהיכם Lev 23:43; Lev 25:38; Lev 25:55; Num 10:10; Num 15:41 (twice in verse) (P) Lev 18:2; Lev 18:4; Lev 18:30; Lev 19:2; Lev 19:3; Lev 19:4; Lev 19:10; Lev 19:25; Lev 19:31; Lev 19:34; Lev 19:36; Lev 20:24; Lev 23:22; Lev 26:13 (all H) Ezek 20:7; Ezek 20:19; Joel 2:27 with מְקַדֵּשׁ Lev 20:8; Lev 22:9; Lev 22:32 (H), with דברתי Num 14:35 (P) Ezek 5:15 + (11 t. Ezekiel); with clauses Isa 27:3; Isa 41:4; Isa 41:17; Isa 42:6; Isa 42:8; Isa 45:5; Isa 45:6; Isa 45:7; Isa 45:8; Isa 45:18; Isa 45:19; Isa 45:21; Isa 60:22; Jer 17:10; Jer 32:27; Ezek 14:4; Ezek 14:7; Ezek 14:9; Ezek 34:24 אָנֹכִי יהוה is used in the Ten Words Exod 20:2; Exod 20:5 = Deut 5:6; Deut 5:9 cited Ps 81:11; Hos 12:10; Hos 13:4 elsewhere only Exod 4:11 (J) Isa 43:11; Isa 44:24; Isa 51:15.
3. יהוה is also used with several predicates, to form sacred names of holy places of Yahweh יהוה יראה Gen 22:14 (J); יהוה נסי Exod 17:15 (E) יהוה שׁלים Judg 6:24 יהוה צדקנו Jer 33:16 (compare Jer 23:6 where it is applied to the Messiah); יהוה שָׁ֑מָּה Ezek 48:35. — On combinations such as ׳הַר י, צְבָאוֺת ׳י etc., see הַר, צָבָא, etc.

Note. — BonkZAW 1891, 126 ff. seems to shew that as prefix, in compare proper name, יְהוֺ is the oldest and the latest form and that יוֺ is intermediate, belonging to the earlier post-exilic period until the time of Chronicles; occasional copyists' mistakes being taken into the account.

BDB3475 H3068

BDB3474 | BIBLICAL HEBREW | BDB3476

׳יְהוֺ proper name compounded with, see below יהוה above.

BDB3483 H3068 H3069

BDB3482 | BIBLICAL HEBREW | BDB3484

יהוה proper name, of deity, see below הוה.

BDB3489 H3068 H3097

BDB3488 | BIBLICAL HEBREW | BDB3490

׳יו = ׳יְהוֺ proper name compounded with, see below יהוה above: — namely יוֺאָב, יוֺאָח, יוֺאָחָז, יוֺאֵל, יוֺאָשׁ, יוֺיָכִין, יוֺיָקִים, יוֺיָרִיב, יוֺעֵד, יוֺעָשׁ, יוֺקִים, יוֺרָם, יוֺתָם, etc.

lord, lords, god, jehovah, jehovah-jireh, …
yĕhōwâ
the existing One
(the) self-Existent or Eternal; Jeho-vah, Jewish national name of God
  • the proper name of the one true God
    • unpronounced except with the vowel pointings of H0136

The cantillation accents are the Masoretes' punctuation: each group below ends at a pausing accent. Translate a group as one unit.
וְהִזָּ֤ה הַכֹּהֵן֙ Pashta — a lesser break בְּאֶצְבָּע֣וֹ הַיְמָנִ֔ית Zaqef Qatan — a strong break מִן הַשֶּׁ֕מֶן Zaqef Gadol — a strong break אֲשֶׁ֥ר עַל כַּפּ֖וֹ Tipeha — a lesser break הַשְּׂמָאלִ֑ית Etnahta — the verse's main pause — take a breath here שֶׁ֥בַע פְּעָמִ֖ים Tipeha — a lesser break לִפְנֵ֥י יְהוָֽה Silluq — end of the verse

וְהִזָּה הַכֹּהֵן בְּאֶצְבָּעוֹ הַיְמָנִית מִן-הַשֶּׁמֶן אֲשֶׁר עַל-כַּפּוֹ הַשְּׂמָאלִית שֶׁבַע פְּעָמִים לִפְנֵי יְהוָֽה׃
27
And the priest shall sprinkle with his right finger some of the oil that is in his left hand seven times before the LORD:
Leviticus 14:26
Read Leviticus 14
Leviticus 14:28