Nahum 2:12

אַרְיֵ֤ה טֹרֵף֙ בְּדֵ֣י גֹֽרוֹתָ֔יו וּמְחַנֵּ֖ק לְלִבְאֹתָ֑יו וַיְמַלֵּא טֶ֣רֶף חֹרָ֔יו וּמְעֹֽנֹתָ֖יו טְרֵפָֽה
The lion did tear in pieces enough for his whelps, and strangled for his lionesses, and filled his holes with prey, and his dens with ravin.
Select a Hebrew word above to see its details.

אַרְיֵ֤ה
אַרְיֵ֤ה
Root word lion, lions
Dictionary form: אֲרִי · uh-REE

Noun — Common, masculine singular, absolute state

In the KJV here: the lion
lions ×10 a lion ×9 lion ×7 the lion ×7 of the lion ×6 as a lion ×5 and the lion ×4 like a lion ×4
More options
lion — Standard modern rendering; suits most contexts.
great cat — Emphasizes fearsome animal nature; vivid in narrative.
predator — Functional/thematic; good in metaphorical or poetic passages.
beast of prey — Highlights danger and power; suits threat imagery.
lioness — Use only when context clearly indicates a female animal.

BDB732 H738

BDB731 | BIBLICAL HEBREW | BDB733

אֲרִי noun masculineProv 28:15 lion (Assyrian aria, Ethiopic wild beast, compare also אַרְיֵה below) — אֲרִי Amos 3:12 +13 t.+ 2Sam 23:20 Qr (Kt אריה), Lam 3:10 (id.) + Ps 22:17 (כָּֽאֲרִי for wh .rd כאדו = כָּרוּ compare De Pe Che critical note); plural אֲרָיִים 1Kgs 10:20 אֲרָיוֺת (also masculine) Zeph 3:3 + 16 t. (feminine Jer 51:38 ? but compare Judg 14:5); — lion, literal in narrative Judg 14:5; 1Sam 17:34; 1Sam 17:36; 1Sam 17:37; 2Sam 23:20 = 1Chr 11:22; 2Kgs 17:25; 2Kgs 17:26; Prov 22:13; Prov 26:13; Song 4:8 compare Amos 3:12; Amos 5:19 lion-images 1Kgs 7:29 (twice in verse); 1Kgs 7:36; 1Kgs 10:19; 1Kgs 10:20 = 2Chr 9:18; 2Chr 9:19 in comparison Num 23:24; Num 24:9; Judg 14:18; Isa 38:13; Jer 51:38; 2Sam 1:23; Ezek 22:5; Lam 3:10 metaphor Nah 2:12; Zeph 3:3; Jer 50:17; Ezek 19:2; Ezek 19:6; Prov 28:15. For כארי Ps 22:17 read כארו, cf above. compare also אַרְיֵה.

BDB9337 H717 H738

BDB9336 | BIBLICAL ARAMAIC | BDB9338

ארה (√ of following; Biblical Hebrew ארה, אַרְיֵה).

lion, lions
ʾărî
a lion
  • lion
    • pictures or images of lions

טֹרֵף֙
טֹרֵף֙
Root word pieces, tear, teareth, ravening, catch, …
Dictionary form: טָרַף · taw-RAHP

Verb — Qal, Participle Active, masculine singular, absolute state simple action — "he did" ongoing action — try "___ing" or "one who ___s"

In the KJV here: did tear in pieces
he teareth ×2 ravening ×2 to catch ×2 and teareth ×1 and teareth in pieces ×1 as a ravening ×1 be torn in pieces ×1 did tear ×1
More options
tear apart — Broad, vivid; best for predatory or violent tearing.
rip to pieces — Emphatic violence; suits lion/beast imagery well.
maul — Animal-attack context; implies savage, injuring force.
seize as prey — Captures hunting/predatory nuance when prey is in view.
shred — Emphasizes resulting fragments; good for figurative use.
devour — Broader consumption sense; use when feeding/ravenous idea dominates.

BDB3380 H2963

BDB3379 | BIBLICAL HEBREW | BDB3381

טָרַף verb tear, rend, pluck (Late Hebrew id., especially of wild beasts; Aramaic טָרַף tear, seize, especially of creditors; טְרֵיפָא torn flesh or animal; Arabic depasture, said of camel) —

Qal Perfect טָרַף Job 16:9 טָרָ֑ף Hos 6:1, etc.; Imperfect יִטְרֹף Ps 7:3 וַיִּטְרֹף Amos 1:11 (but see below); יִטְרָ֑ף Gen 49:27 אֶטְרֹף Hos 5:14; Ps 50:22 Infinitive לִטְרֹף Ps 17:12 Participle active טֹרֵף Job 18:4, etc.; — tear rend, of wild beasts, Gen 37:33 (J), Gen 44:28 (J; infinitive absolute with Punic q. v. ), Exod 22:12 (J E; infinitive absolute with Niph`al q. v.) Elsewhere only in simile and metaphor; simile of Gad's fierceness Deut 33:20 (like a lioness, poem); so of Benjamin Gen 49:27 (as a wolf, poem); of the remnant of Jacob, like a young lion among sheep, רָמַס וְטָרַף Mic 5:7 of the wicked, Ps 17:12 (lion), Ps 7:3 object נַפְשִׁי (like a lion); Ps 22:14 psalmist's foes like lion (|| שֹׁאֵג); Ezek 22:25 (טֹרֵף טָ֑רֶף), princes like wolves vEzek 22:27 (id.); metaphor of Israel's princes, like young lion Ezek 19:3; Ezek 19:6 (with טֶרֶף accusative of congnate meaning with verb); of Nineveh's king Nah 2:13 (as lion); of God's treatment of the wicked Hos 5:14 (like a lion), Ps 50:22 subject wrath of God (אַף) conceived as assailing Job, Job 16:9 his wrath teareth and persecuteth me; compare טָרָ֖ף וְיִרְפָּאֵנוּ Hos 6:1 subject ׳י (|| יַךְ וְיַחְבְּשֵׁנוּ; on tenses see Dr§ 84 β; 171, 174 n. 1); subject anger of Edom (absolute) Amos 1:11, but read perhaps וַיִּטֹּר for וַיִּטְרֹף and he kept his anger perpetually, so Ol on Ps 103:9 We; טֹרֵף נַפְשׁוֺ בְּאַפּוֺ, said of Job by Bildad Job 18:4. Niph`al Imperfect of animal torn (by wild beasts) טָרֹף יִטָּרֵף Exod 22:12 (JE); יִטָּרֵף also in prediction of judgment on people of Jerusalem Jer 5:6. Pu`al Perfect טָרֹף טֹרַף יוֺסֵף Gen 37:33 (J) Joseph has certainly been torn in pieces; compare טֹרָ֑ף ׳ט Gen 44:28 (J). Hiph`il Imperative masculine singular suffix, note especially 2nd accusative לֶחֶם, הַטְרִפֵנִי לָחֶם חֻקִּי Prov 30:8 let me devour my appointed bread (of men, late; compare טֶרֶף Prov 31:15, and Ps 111:5; Mal 3:10).

pieces, tear, teareth, ravening, catch, …
ṭārap
to pluck off or pull to pieces; causatively to supply with food (as in morsels)
  • to tear, rend, pluck
    • (Qal) to tear, rend
      • "(Niphal) to be torn in pieces"(Poal) to be torn in pieces"(Hiphil) to provide food

בְּ דֵ֣י
בְּ
Prefix — preposition in, at, by, with
דֵ֣י
Root word enough, from, sufficient, able, since, …
Dictionary form: דַּי · dai

Noun — Common, masculine singular, construct state "___ of …" — bound to the next word

In the KJV here: enough
from ×3 since ×3 enough ×2 able ×1 able to bring ×1 according to ×1 after ×1 after our ability ×1
More options
enough — Most neutral, broadly applicable rendering for sufficiency.
sufficient — Slightly more formal; good for legal or priestly contexts.
adequate — Modern alternative to 'sufficient'; fits prose narrative well.
as much as is needed — Idiomatic phrase; clarifies measure when context demands it.
ability — Use when דַּי expresses capacity or means, not quantity.
since — Temporal/causal use; fits constructions meaning 'from the time that'.

BDB1910 H1767

BDB1909 | BIBLICAL HEBREW | BDB1911

דַּי substantive sufficiency, enough (Late Hebrew, but not known in other cognate languages) — construct דֵּי, with suffix (see below) דַּיֶּ֑ךָּ, דַּיָּם: —

1. absolute thrice only Mal 3:10 I will pour you out a blessing עַדבְּֿלִידָֽֿי until there is not sufficiency, i.e. until my abundance can be exhausted, or, as this can never be, for ever (compare Ps 72:7), Esth 1:18 וּכְדַי בִּזָּיוֺן וָקָ֑צֶף and (there will be) as enough (i.e. in plenty) contempt and wrath, 2Chr 30:3 לְמַדַּי = לְמַהדַּֿי for what was sufficient. With a genitive of the person or thing for which anything suffices: Exod 36:5 מִדֵּי הָעֲבֹדָה (more) than enough for the work, Lev 5:7 and if his hand do not reach (if he do not command) דֵּי שֶׂה enough for (i.e. to buy) a lamb, Lev 12:8; Lev 25:28 דֵּי הָשִׁיב לוֺ enough for recovering it, Deut 15:8 דֵּי מַחְסֹרוֺ enough for his need, Isa 40:16 (twice in verse). With suffix Prov 25:16 אֱכֹל דַּיֶּ֑ךָּ eat that which is sufficient for thee; דַּיָּם Exod 36:7; Jer 49:9; Obad 1:5. Once with genitive of the thing which is sufficient, Prov 27:27 דֵּי חֲלֵב עִזִּים enough of goats' milk.

2. Combined with בְּ, כְּ, and especially מִן, דַּי (דֵּי) has a tendency to form compound prepositions, used idiomatically in certain applications: —
  a. בְּדֵי (α) for (the בְּ pretii) what suffices for: Nah 2:13 the lion tare in pieces בְּדֵי גֹרוֺתָיו for the need of his whelps (|| לְלִבְאֹתָיו; but ? כְּדֵי, see b); iron. Hab 2:13; Jer 51:58 the peoples labour בְּדֵיאֵֿשׁ for fire (only to satisfy the fire), and the nations weary themselves בְּדֵירִֿיק for what is empty. (β) in the abundance of, i.e. as often as Job 39:25 בְּדֵי שׁוֺפָר in the abundance of the trumpet, i.e. as often as the trumpet sounds (מִדֵּי elsewhere in this sense).
  b. כְּדֵי according to the sufficiency, or abundance, of Lev 25:26 and find כְּדֵי גְאֻלָּתוֺ according to the sufficiency of his redemption, i.e. as much as it demands, Deut 25:2; Neh 5:8 כְּדֵי בָנוּ (stative construct before בְּ: Ges«GKC:130»§ 130, 1) 'quantum in nobis erat,' after our ability, Judg 6:5 they came כְּדֵי אַרְבֶּה לָרֹב according to the abundance of the locust in multitude (for which כָּאַרְבֶּה לָרֹב would ordinarily be said: compare Judg 7:12).
  c. מִדֵּי out of the abundance of, hence as often as; — (α) followed by infinitive 1Sam 1:7 מִדֵּי עֲלֹתָהּ = as often as she went up, 1Sam 18:30; 1Kgs 14:28 (= 2Chr 12:11) 2Kgs 4:8; Isa 28:19 מִדֵּי עָבְרוֺ as often as it passeth over, Jer 31:20 (β) followed by substantive, Jer 48:27 מִדֵּי דְבָרֶיךָ בּוֺ as often as thy words (are) of him; and in the idiomatic phrases מִדֵּי שָׁנָה בְּשָׁנָה = yearly (a combination of מִדֵּי שָׁנָה and שָׁנָה בְּשָׁנָה: see below שָׁנָה) 1Sam 7:16 (see Dr) Zech 14:16; 2Chr 24:5 and מִדֵּי חֹדֶשׁ בְּחָדְשׁוֺ Isa 66:23 as often as month (comes) in its month (i.e. in its own time: חֹדֶשׁ made more precise by the add. of בְּחָדְשׁוֺ; compare the phrase דְּבַר יוֺם בְּיוֺמוֺ): so מִדֵּי שַׁבָּת בְּשַׁבַּתּוֺ ib.; (γ) as conjunction, with the finite verb (אֲשֶׁר being understood: compare בַּעֲבוּר etc.), Jer 20:8 מִדֵּי אֲדַבֵּר as often as I speak.

BDB4521 H1767 H4078 H4100

BDB4520 | BIBLICAL HEBREW | BDB4522

מַדַּי (i.e. מַהדַּֿי) 2Chr 30:3, see מה 1 e.

מִדֵּי see דַּי.

מִדְיָן, מְדִינָה see דין.

מִדְיָנִים see I. מדון. מְדֹכָה see דוך.

מַדְמֵן, I, II. מַדְמֵנָה, מַדְמַנָּה see דמן.

מְדָן see דין. מְדָנִים see מדון, מִדְיָנִי.

מַדַּע, מֹדַע, מֹדַ֫עַת see ידע.

[מַדְקָרָה], plural construct מַדְקְרוֺת see דקר.

מַדְרֵגָה see דרג. מְדֻרָה see דור.

[מִדְרָךְ] see דרך. [מִדְרָשׁ] see דרשׁ.

[מְדֻשָׁה] see דושׁ.

enough, from, sufficient, able, since, …
day
enough (as noun or adverb), used chiefly with preposition in phrases
  • sufficiency, enough
    • enough
      • "for, according to the abundance of, out of the abundance of, as often as

גֹֽרוֹתָ֔י ו
גֹֽרוֹתָ֔י
Root word whelps
ו
Suffix — pronoun his / him / it
Dictionary form: גּוֹר · ɡore

Noun — Common, masculine plural, construct state plural — usually add "-s"; "___ of …" — bound to the next word

In the KJV here: for his whelps
for his whelps ×1 whelps ×1
More options
cub — Most natural modern term for a young predator.
young one — Generic; works when species is unclear.
offspring — Broader register; suits poetic or formal contexts.
pup — Informal; fits lion or wolf cubs colloquially.

BDB1572 H1484

BDB1571 | BIBLICAL HEBREW | BDB1573

[גּוֺר] noun [masculine] whelp (as quarrelsome? or onomatopoeia? perhaps = Assyrian giru ZehnpfBAS i. 504) of lion; — גּוֺרֵי אֲרָיוֺת Jer 51:38 (|| כְּפִרִים) simile of Babylonians; compare גֹּרֹתָיו Nah 2:13 (|| id. v.Nah 2:14) figurative of Assyrians.

whelps
gôr
a cub (as still abiding in the lair), especially of the lion
  • whelp

וּ מְחַנֵּ֖ק
וּ
Prefix — connector and (sometimes: but, so, then)
מְחַנֵּ֖ק
Root word hanged, strangled
Dictionary form: חָנַק · haw-NAHK

Verb — Piel, Participle Active, masculine singular, absolute state intensive — "he really / thoroughly did" ongoing action — try "___ing" or "one who ___s"

In the KJV here: and strangled
and hanged himself ×1 and strangled ×1
More options
strangle — Most precise; implies killing by constricting the throat.
choke — Broader term; suits non-fatal or accidental contexts.
throttle — Emphatic, forceful constriction; vivid in narrative prose.
hang oneself — Reflexive sense; use when suicide by hanging is explicit.
suffocate — Focuses on loss of breath; less violent in register.

BDB2962 H2614

BDB2961 | BIBLICAL HEBREW | BDB2963

[חָנַק] verb strangle (Late Hebrew id., Aramaic חֲנַק, ; Arabic ); —

Niph`al Imperfect וַיֵּחָנַ֑ק 2Sam 17:23 strangled himself (+וַיָּ֫מָת). Pi`el participle מְחַנֵּק Nah 2:13 strangle, of lion strangling prey, figurative of Ninevitish king (object not expressed).

hanged, strangled
ḥānaq
to be narrow; by implication, to throttle, or (reflexive) to choke oneself to death (by a rope)
  • to strangle, strangle oneself
    • (Niphal) to strangle oneself
      • "(Piel) to strangle

לְ לִבְאֹתָ֑י ו
לְ
Prefix — preposition to, for
לִבְאֹתָ֑י
Root word lion, lions, young, lioness, lionesses
ו
Suffix — pronoun his / him / it
Dictionary form: לָבִיא · law-BEE

Noun — Common, both plural, construct state plural — usually add "-s"; "___ of …" — bound to the next word

In the KJV here: for his lionesses
a lioness ×1 and as a great lion ×1 and as an old lion ×1 and the stout lions ×1 as a great lion ×1 as a lion ×1 even the old lion ×1 for his lionesses ×1
More options
lion — Broadest default; suits most poetic and narrative contexts.
lioness — Prefer when grammatical gender or female referent is clear.
great lion — Emphasizes the animal's size, power, and ferocity.
mighty lion — Highlights strength; fits hymnic or warrior imagery.
old lion — Use when age, experience, or seasoned danger is in view.
fierce lion — Stresses ferocity; vivid in threat or judgment passages.

BDB4289 H3833

BDB4288 | BIBLICAL HEBREW | BDB4290

[לְבִי] noun [masculine, feminine] lion; — only plural and figurative of foes נַפְשִׁי בְּתוֺךְ לְבָאִם Ps 57:5 of Assyrians לִבְאֹתָ֑יו Nah 2:13 (|| גֹּרֹתָיו; suffix reference to אַרְיֵה).

BDB4290 H3833

BDB4289 | BIBLICAL HEBREW | BDB4291

לְבִיָּא noun feminine lioness (on format see LagBN 93); — Ezek 19:2 (|| אֲרָיוֺת) figurative of mother of Israel

BDB4291 H3833

BDB4290 | BIBLICAL HEBREW | BDB4292

לָבִיא noun [masculine] lion, possibly also [feminine] lioness (compare Arabic usage, and Gen 49:9; Num 24:9; Job 4:11, etc.; but this by no means certain); — ׳ל absolute Gen 49:9 + 10 t.; — Isa 30:6 (|| לַיִשׁ), Job 38:39 (|| כְּפִיר); Gen 49:9 in simile of victor's repose (רָבַץ; || אַרְיֵה), compare Num 24:9 (with שָׁכַב; || אֲרִי), Deut 33:20 (שָׁכֵן וְטָרַף); see also Num 23:24 (קוּם; || אֲרִי); figurative of Nineveh Nah 2:12 (|| אַרְיֵה), compare Isa 5:29 (שָֽׁאֲגָה in simile; || כְּפִירִים); figurative of wicked Job 4:11 (+ אַרְיֵה, שָׁ֑חַל, כְּפִיר, לַיִשׁ vJob 4:10 vJob 4:11); simile of ׳י, devouring (אָכַל) in judgment Hos 13:8 figurative of locusts ׳מְתַלְּעוֺת ל Joel 1:6 (|| שִׁנֵּי אַרְיֵה).

lion, lions, young, lioness, lionesses
lābîʾ
a lion (properly, a lioness as the fiercer (although not a roarer;))
  • (n m) lion
    • "(n f) lioness

וַ יְמַלֵּא
וַ
Prefix — connector and (sometimes: but, so, then)
יְמַלֵּא
Root word filled, full, fill, fulfilled, consecrate, …
Dictionary form: מָלֵא · maw-LAY

וַ
Vav-consecutive (wayyiqtol) The וַ prefix — vav with patach — flips this verb into story-telling past: translate "and (he) ___ed", not "will ___".

Verb — Piel, Sequential Imperfect (Wayyiqtol), third person masculine singular intensive — "he really / thoroughly did" story-telling past — try "and he ___ed" the built-in subject is "he (or it)"

In the KJV here: and filled
filled ×16 is full ×12 and fill ×8 shall be full ×8 fill ×7 shall be filled ×7 was filled ×7 are fulfilled ×6
More options
fill — Core, versatile rendering for most active contexts.
be full — Prefer for stative or descriptive uses.
fulfill — Best for promises, prophecies, or obligations.
complete — Good when the sense is finishing or accomplishing.
consecrate — Specialized; use in priestly ordination contexts.
overflow — Use when abundance or excess is emphasized.

BDB4648 H4390

BDB4647 | BIBLICAL HEBREW | BDB4649

מָלֵא249 verb be full, fill (Late Hebrew id. (Pi`el transitive); Zinjirli מלא (Pi`el transitive) DHMSendsch. 60; Assyrian malû (transitive and intransitive) DlHWB 409; Arabic (transitive) , (intransitive); Ethiopic (transitive and intransitive); Aramaic (transitive), מְלָא (intransitive and transitive), Palmyrene proper name מלא = plenitude, VogPalm 7, 2 and others; Sabean מלא Os14 Levy-OsZMG xix.1863, 211 f. DHMZMG xxix.1875, 595); —

Qal99 Perfect ׳מ Exod 40:34 +; suffix מְלַאוֺ Esth 7:5 מָלֵאתָ Job 36:17 מָלֵאתִי Mic 3:8; Jer 6:11 מָלֵ֫תִי Job 32:18 מָֽלְאוּ Gen 29:21 +; מָלוּ Ezek 28:16 (מָלֵאתָ) ᵐ5 ᵑ6 Co); מָלֵ֑אוּ Isa 1:15, etc.; Imperfect 3 feminine singular suffix חִמְלָאֵ֣מוֺ Exod 15:9 יִמְלְאוּ Gen 50:3 + 2 t.; וַיִּמְלְאוּ Gen 25:24; Gen 50:3 Imperative מִלְאוּ Gen 1:22 + 5 t.; Infinitive construct מְלֹאת (מְלֹאות) Lev 8:33 + 12 t.; Participle מָלֵא Jer 23:24 מְלֵאִים Isa 6:1 (compare also below מָלֵא adjective ); —
1. be full, usually with accusative material:
  a. literally subject houses Exod 8:17; Exod 10:6 (both J) Judg 16:27; Isa 13:21; 2Chr 5:13, compare Ezek 10:4 (strike out Co); winepress Joel 4:13 threshing-floor Joel 2:24 vessel 2Kgs 4:6; Job 21:24, etc.; Job 20:22 מְלֹאות (compare מְלֹא), i.e. fulness, abundance.
  b. figurative, earth full of violence Gen 6:13, compare Lev 19:29 (both P), Mic 6:12; Isa 1:15; Jer 23:10; Jer 51:5; Ps 26:10; Ezek 7:23 (twice in verse); Eccl 9:3, etc.; earth full of glory, mercy, goodness, knowledge, of ׳מ Ps 33:5; Ps 119:64; Isa 11:9; Hab 3:3 compare also Ps 48:11; Ps 104:24, etc.; subject נֶפֶשׁ = desire be satisfied (full) with suffix Exod 15:9 ׳וְדִין רָשָׁע מ Job 36:17 and of judgment on the wicked art thou full (hast thou thy fill), compare Di Du; מָלֵא לֵב לַעֲשׂוֺת רָ֑ע Eccl 8:11 especially of days, years, be full, accomplished, ended, Gen 25:24; Gen 29:21; Gen 50:3 (twice in verse) (JE); Lev 8:33; Lev 12:4; Lev 12:6; Lev 25:30; Num 6:5; Num 6:13 (P); 1Sam 18:26; 2Sam 7:12; Jer 25:12; Jer 29:10; Lam 4:18; Ezek 5:2; 1Chr 17:11; Esth 1:5; Esth 2:12; Dan 10:3 compare also with other subject (literally) Jer 25:34; Isa 40:2.
2. transitive fill, of populating sea and earth Gen 1:22; Gen 1:28; Gen 9:1 (all P); consecrate מִלְאוּ יֶדְכֶם ליהוה; (literally fill the hand) Exod 32:29 (compare below); especially of glory of ׳י filling tabernacle and temple; Exod 40:34; Exod 40:35 (P) 1Kgs 8:10; 1Kgs 8:11, compare Isa 6:1 see also Jer 23:24, especially literal Ezek 10:3; Ezek 43:5; Ezek 44:4; 2Chr 5:14; 2Chr 7:1; 2Chr 7:2 followed by 2 accusativefill jars (with) water 1Kgs 18:34 absolute overflow עַלכָּֿלגְּֿדוֺתָיו ׳מ Josh 3:15 (compare 1Chr 12:16 Pi`el); figurative fill land with sin Jer 16:18, compare Jer 19:4; Ezek 8:17; Ezek 28:16, compare Ezek 30:11 מְלָאוֺ לִבּוֺ לַעֲשׂוֺתכֵּֿן Esth 7:5 (compare Eccl 8:11 above); מִלְאוּ הַשְּׁלָטִים Jer 51:11 meaning obscure, see [שֶׁלֶט]; Gie proposes ׳מִרְטוּ הַשּׁ polish. Niph`al Perfect נִמְלָאֿ Song 5:2 Imperfect יִמָּלֵא 2Sam 23:7 + 9 t.; וַיִּמָּלֵא Exod 7:25 + 5 t.; יִמָּֽלְא֫וּ Prov 3:10 + 2 t.; יִמָּֽלֵ֑אוּ Prov 24:4 יִמָּֽלְאוּן Ezek 32:6 —
1. be filled, usually with accusative of material (with מִן of source Eccl 1:8, compare Ezek 32:6 with לְ Hab 2:14); land, with people Exod 1:7 compare 2Kgs 3:17; 2Kgs 3:20; Isa 2:7 (twice in verse); Isa 2:8 house with smoke Isa 6:4, compare Ezek 10:4 see also Prov 3:10; Prov 24:4; Jer 13:12 (twice in verse); Zech 8:5; Song 5:2; Eccl 11:3; 2Kgs 10:21; Ezek 32:6 = be armed 2Sam 23:7 (literally be filled or fill himself, i.e. his hand, with weapon, compare Pi`el 2); be satisfied, subject נֶפֶשׁ = appetite Eccl 6:7 subject אֹזֶן Eccl 1:8 figurative earth filled with violence (compare Qal) Gen 6:11, compare Ezek 9:9; Ezek 23:33 with glory and knowledge of ׳י Num 14:21; Hab 2:14; Ps 72:19 see also 1Kgs 7:14; Ps 71:8; Ps 126:2; Esth 3:5; Esth 5:9; Prov 20:17 absolute Ezek 26:2 (but Co below מָלֵא adjective , so ᵐ5 ᵑ7) Ezek 27:25.
2. be accomplished, ended, subject days Exod 7:25 of an exchange, requital, Job 15:32. Pi`el112 Perfect מִלֵּא Exod 35:35 +; מִלָּא Jer 51:34 מִלֵּאתָ Deut 6:11 +; מִלְאוּ Num 32:11 +, etc.; Imperfect יְמַלֵּא Lev 8:33 +; יְמַלֵּה֗֗֗ Job 8:21 וַיְמַלְאוּ Gen 42:25; Exod 39:10 יְמַלֵּ֑אוּ Ezek 7:19, etc.; Imperative מַלֵּא Gen 29:27 + 5 t.; מַלְאוּ Jer 4:5; Ezek 9:7 Infinitive construct מַלֵּא Exod 29:29 + 5 t.; מַלְּאוֺת (אֹת-) Exod 31:5 + 5 t.; suffix מַלְּאָם Jer 33:5 Participle מְמַלֵּא Jer 13:13; 1Chr 12:15 plural מְמַלְאִים Isa 65:11 + 2 t.; —
1. fill (often with 2 accusative; literal, with בְּ 2Kgs 9:24; Ezra 9:11; Job 40:31 with מִן Jer 51:34; Ps 127:5): Gen 21:19; Gen 24:16; Gen 26:15; Gen 42:25; Gen 44:1; Exod 2:16; Deut 6:11; Josh 9:13; 1Kgs 18:35; 1Kgs 20:27; 2Kgs 3:25; 2Kgs 23:14; Isa 23:2; Job 3:15; Job 22:18; Jer 41:9; Ezek 3:3; Ezek 7:19; Ezek 9:7; Ezek 10:2; Ezek 24:4; Nah 2:13; Hag 2:7; Ps 129:7; 2Chr 16:14, etc. (indefinite subject); fill (cup) with drink for libation Isa 65:11 figurative fill with spirit Exod 28:3; Exod 31:3; Exod 35:31 compare vExod 35:35, Ps 107:9; Isa 33:5; Jer 15:17 fill (with blood) 2Kgs 21:16 with abominations Ezra 9:11 (with בְּ ).
2. special uses are: satisfy appetite Job 38:39; Ps 17:14; Prov 6:30; Job 20:23; Jer 51:14 (figurative); take a handful of כַּפּוֺ מִן ׳מ Lev 9:17 grasp יָדוֺ בְּ ׳מ 2Kgs 9:24, compare (of laying arrow on bow) figurative הַקֶּשֶׁת בְּאֶפְרַיִם ׳מ Zech 9:13 overflow מְמַלֵּא עַלכָּֿלגְּֿד֯יֹתָיו 1Chr 12:16 (compare Josh 3:15 Qal); give in full וַיְמַלְאוּם לַמֶּלֶךְ 1Sam 18:27 (read וַיְמַלְּאֵם A ᵐ5L ᵑ9 We Dr Kit Bu); ׳מִלֵּא יַד פּ figurative for institute to a priestly office, consecrate Exod 28:41; Exod 29:9; Exod 29:29; Exod 29:33; Exod 29:35; Lev 8:33; Lev 16:32; Lev 21:10; Num 3:3; Judg 17:5; Judg 17:12; 1Kgs 13:33; Ezek 43:26 (altar), 1Chr 29:5; 2Chr 13:9; 2Chr 29:31 (compare Assyrian umallu ‡atu, confer upon, DlHWB 409); אַחֲרֵי ׳מ wholly follow ׳י Num 14:24; Num 32:11; Num 32:12; Deut 1:36; Josh 14:8; Josh 14:9; Josh 14:14; 1Kgs 11:6 fill in, i.e. set precious stones Exod 28:17 (בּוֺ מִלֻּאַת אֶבֶן ׳מ) compare Exod 31:5; Exod 35:33; Exod 39:10 (all P); etc.
3. fulfil, accomplish, complete, object week, year, day, Gen 29:27; Gen 29:28; Exod 23:26; Isa 65:20; Job 39:2; 2Chr 36:21; Dan 9:2 object word, promise, etc.; subject ׳י 1Kgs 8:15; 1Kgs 8:24; 2Chr 6:4; 2Chr 6:15; Ps 20:5; Ps 20:6 subject men 1Kgs 2:27; Jer 44:25; 2Chr 36:21.
4. confirm words 1Kgs 1:14. Pu`al Participle filled, i.e. set with jewels מְמֻלָּאִים בַּתַּרְשִׁישׁ Song 5:14. Hithpa`el Imperfect עָלַי יִתְמַלָּא֑וּן Job 16:10, mass themselves against me; perhaps denominative from מְלֹא
2.

BDB9658 H4390 H4391

BDB9657 | BIBLICAL ARAMAIC | BDB9659

[מְלָא] verb fill (see Biblical Hebrew); —

Pe`al Perfect 3 feminine singular מְלַאת Dan 2:35 (with accusative). Hithpe`el Perfect 3 masculine singular הִתְמְלִי חֱמָא Dan 3:19 was filled with rage.

[מַלְאַךְ] see לאך. מִלָּה see מלל. below,

filled, full, fill, fulfilled, consecrate, …
mālēʾ
to fill or (intransitively) be full of, in a wide application (literally and figuratively)
  • to fill, be full
    • (Qal)
      • to be full
        • fullness, abundance (participle)
          • "to be full, be accomplished, be ended
        to consecrate, fill the hand
      (Niphal)
      • to be filled, be armed, be satisfied
        • "to be accomplished, be ended
      (Piel)
      • to fill
        • "to satisfy"to fulfil, accomplish, complete"to confirm
      (Pual) to be filled"(Hithpael) to mass themselves against

טֶ֣רֶף
טֶ֣רֶף
Root word prey, meat, spoil, leaves
Dictionary form: טֶרֶף · teh-REP

Noun — Common, masculine singular, absolute state

In the KJV here: with prey
the prey ×6 meat ×3 of prey ×2 of the prey ×2 after their prey ×1 for a prey ×1 from the prey ×1 his prey ×1
More options
prey — Most direct equivalent; use for hunted animals or victims.
food — Broader term; suits contexts of provision or feeding.
kill — Vivid, concrete; emphasizes the slain animal itself.
torn flesh — Highlights violent tearing; good for ritual or graphic contexts.
spoil — Better when the 'prey' implies plunder or war imagery.
foliage — Reserve strictly for botanical contexts (e.g. fresh leaves).

BDB3382 H2964

BDB3381 | BIBLICAL HEBREW | BDB3383

טֶ֫רֶף noun masculineNah 3:1 prey, food; leaf; — טֶרֶף Gen 49:9 +; טָ֑רֶף Job 4:11 +; suffix טַרְפֵךְ Nah 2:14 טַרְפּוֺ Isa 31:4 plural construct טַרְפֵּי Ezek 17:9 —

1. prey of lion Amos 3:4; Job 4:11; Job 38:39; Ps 104:21 metaphor of Judah's conquests Gen 49:9, Israel like lion Num 23:24 (both poems in J E); of Assyrians Isa 5:29 of Nineveh and its king Nah 2:13; Nah 2:14; Nah 3:1 Israel's princes (as young lion) Ezek 19:3; Ezek 19:6 simile of false prophet (like lion) Ezek 22:25 of princes of Judah vEzek 22:27 simile of י's descending to battle, like lion Isa 31:4 compare Ps 76:5 coming down from mountains of prey (the lion's lair), but read perhaps עַד, compare ᵐ5 Bi Checritical note.; figurative of spoil of wicked Job 29:17, compare Ps 124:6.
2. food, of outcasts, under figure of wild ass פֶּרֶא Job 24:5 of human food (late): for those who fear God Ps 111:5 for household Prov 31:15 in ׳י's house Mal 3:10.
3. leaf, (compare Gen 8:11) טַרְפֵּי צִמְחָהּ Ezek 17:9 metaphor of Judah.

prey, meat, spoil, leaves
ṭerep
something torn, i.e., a fragment, e.g., a fresh leaf, prey, food
  • prey, food, leaf
    • prey
      • "food"leaf

חֹרָ֔י ו
חֹרָ֔י
Root word hole, holes, caves
ו
Suffix — pronoun his / him / it
Dictionary form: חוֹר · hore

Noun — Common, masculine plural, construct state plural — usually add "-s"; "___ of …" — bound to the next word

In the KJV here: his holes
a hole ×1 his holes ×1 hole ×1 in caves ×1 in their holes ×1 the hole ×1 the holes ×1
More options
hole — Most versatile; suits openings in walls, rocks, or ground.
cavity — Prefer for enclosed or hollow spaces with depth.
cave — Use when the context implies a natural rock shelter.
den — Good for animal lairs or hideouts; slightly figurative.
crevice — Best for narrow gaps or fissures in rock or earth.

BDB3079 H2352 H2356 H2715 H2735

BDB3078 | BIBLICAL HEBREW | BDB3080

חֹר noble, חֹר, חֻר hole, see below II. חרר; חֹר הַגִּדְגָּד see below II. חור.

BDB3174 H2356

BDB3173 | BIBLICAL HEBREW | BDB3175

III. חֹר, חוֺר noun [masculine] hole; — absolute חֹר 2Kgs 12:10; Ezek 8:7 (strike out Co B etc.), חוֺר Song 5:4, חֹרִים 1Sam 14:11 construct חֹרֵי Job 30:6 suffix חֹרָיו Nah 2:13, חֹרֵיהֶן Zech 14:12 — hole in lid of chest 2Kgs 12:10 (made by boring, נקב), in door Song 5:4 in wall Ezek 8:7 (see above); = eye-socket ׳עיניו תִּמַּקְנָה בְּח Zech 14:12 (plague of enemies of Jerusalem); holes as hiding-places for men 1Sam 14:11, so also 1Sam 13:6 Ew We Dr (for ᵑ0 חוחים), dwelling of outcast people חרי עָפָר Job 30:6 of dens of lions Nah 2:13. — I. חֹר, see II. חור.

hole, holes, caves
ḥôr
a cavity, socket, den
  • hole, cave

וּ מְעֹֽנֹתָ֖י ו
וּ
Prefix — connector and (sometimes: but, so, then)
מְעֹֽנֹתָ֖י
Root word dens, habitations, place, places, refuge, …
ו
Suffix — pronoun his / him / it
Dictionary form: מְעוֹנָה · meh-oh-NAW

Noun — Common, both plural, construct state plural — usually add "-s"; "___ of …" — bound to the next word

In the KJV here: and his dens
and his dens ×1 and his dwelling place ×1 dens ×1 in their dens ×1 in their places ×1 into our habitations ×1 is thy refuge ×1 of his den ×1
More options
dwelling place — Broad, neutral; suits divine or human habitation contexts.
refuge — Prefer when the text emphasizes safety or protection.
den — Best for animal lairs or vivid, earthy imagery.
lair — Stronger animal connotation than 'den'; more literary register.
abode — Slightly elevated tone; fits poetic or hymnic passages.
retreat — Highlights withdrawal or shelter; good for metaphorical uses.

BDB5890 H4585

BDB5889 | BIBLICAL HEBREW | BDB5891

מְעֹנָה noun feminine id.; —

1. den, lair of wild beasts: of כְּפִיר, מְעֹנָתוֺ Amos 3:4, so plural absolute מְעוֺנוֺת Job 38:40 (|| סֻכָּה), suffix מְעוֺנֹתָם Ps 104:22 construct מְעֹנוֺת אֲרָיוֺת Song 4:8 מְעֹנֹתָיו Nah 2:13 (|| חֹרָיו; of אַרְיֵה, figurative of Nineveh); of חַיָּה in general, בִּמְעוֺנֹתֶיהָ תִשְׁכֹּן Job 37:8 (|| אָ֑רֶב); so apparently figurative of men, hunted by ׳י, מְעוֺנוֺתֵינוּ Jer 21:13, figurative also of ׳י dwelling in temple, singular suffix, מְעוֺנָתוֺ בְּצִיּוֺן Ps 76:3 (|| סוּכּוֺ).
2. figurative מְעֹנָה אֱלֹהֵי קֶדֶם Deut 33:27 the ancient God is a dwelling-place (for his people; compare I. מָעוֺן 3).

dens, habitations, place, places, refuge, …
mĕʿônâ
an abode, of God (the Tabernacle or the Temple), men (their home) or animals (their lair); hence, a retreat (asylum)
  • dwelling, habitation, refuge
    • den, lair (of animals)
      • "dwelling-place (of God) (figuratively)

טְרֵפָֽה
טְרֵפָֽה
Root word torn, beasts, pieces, ravin
Dictionary form: טְרֵפָה · teh-ray-PAW

Noun — Common, feminine singular, absolute state

In the KJV here: with ravin
that which was torn ×2 of itself or that which was torn ×1 of that which is torn with beasts ×1 or is torn ×1 or is torn in pieces ×1 or torn ×1 that is torn of beasts ×1 with ravin ×1
More options
animal killed by a predator — Clear descriptive phrase; best for narrative contexts.
prey — Concise; emphasizes the animal as victim of attack.
mauled animal — Highlights violent injury; good for legal/purity texts.
carcass torn by wild beasts — Explicit and precise; suits dietary law passages.
mangled flesh — Emphasizes the state of the meat, not the event.
kill — Brief, predator-hunting register; use sparingly in legal texts.

BDB3383 H2966

BDB3382 | BIBLICAL HEBREW | BDB3384

טְרֵפָה noun feminine animal torn (by wild beasts); torn flesh; — absolute ׳ט Gen 31:39 + 8 t.

1. animal torn (by wild beasts), of sheep and goats Gen 31:39 (E); ox, ass or sheep Exod 22:12 (J E; strike out WeKlPr on Amos 3:12, as gloss from Gen 31:39); indefinite vGen 31:31 (J E; forbidden as food); commonly with נְבֵלָה (i.e. what dies naturally) as forbidden food, Lev 7:24 (P), Lev 17:15; Lev 22:8 (both H), Ezek 4:14; Ezek 44:31 torn flesh, in metaphor of Nineveh's king as lion Nah 2:13 (|| טֶ֫רֶ ף).

torn, beasts, pieces, ravin
ṭĕrēpâ
prey, i.e., flocks devoured by animals
  • that which is torn, animal torn (by beasts)

The cantillation accents are the Masoretes' punctuation: each group below ends at a pausing accent. Translate a group as one unit.
אַרְיֵ֤ה טֹרֵף֙ Pashta — a lesser break בְּדֵ֣י גֹֽרוֹתָ֔יו Zaqef Qatan — a strong break וּמְחַנֵּ֖ק Tipeha — a lesser break לְלִבְאֹתָ֑יו Etnahta — the verse's main pause — take a breath here וַיְמַלֵּא טֶ֣רֶף חֹרָ֔יו Zaqef Qatan — a strong break וּמְעֹֽנֹתָ֖יו Tipeha — a lesser break טְרֵפָֽה Silluq — end of the verse

אַרְיֵה טֹרֵף בְּדֵי גֹֽרוֹתָיו וּמְחַנֵּק לְלִבְאֹתָיו וַיְמַלֵּא-טֶרֶף חֹרָיו וּמְעֹֽנֹתָיו טְרֵפָֽה׃
12
The lion did tear in pieces enough for his whelps, and strangled for his lionesses, and filled his holes with prey, and his dens with ravin.
Cross References

Jeremiah 51:34

אֲכָלַנִו הֲמָמַנִו נְבוּכַדְרֶאצַּר מֶלֶךְ בָּבֶל הִצִּיגַנִו כְּלִי רִיק בְּלָעַנִו כַּתַּנִּין מִלָּא כְרֵשׂוֹ מֵֽעֲדָנָי הֱדִיחָֽנִו׃
34
Nebuchadrezzar the king of Babylon hath devoured me, he hath crushed me, he hath made me an empty vessel, he hath swallowed me up like a dragon, he hath filled his belly with my delicates, he hath cast me out.

Isaiah 10:6

בְּגוֹי חָנֵף אֲשַׁלְּחֶנּוּ וְעַל-עַם עֶבְרָתִי אֲצַוֶּנּוּ לִשְׁלֹל שָׁלָל וְלָבֹז בַּז ‫(ולשימו)‬ וּלְשׂוּמוֹ מִרְמָס כְּחֹמֶר חוּצֽוֹת׃
6
I will send him against an hypocritical nation, and against the people of my wrath will I give him a charge, to take the spoil, and to take the prey, and to tread them down like the mire of the streets.

Psalms 17:12

דִּמְיֹנוֹ כְּאַרְיֵה יִכְסוֹף לִטְרוֹף וְכִכְפִיר יֹשֵׁב בְּמִסְתָּרִֽים׃
12
Like as a lion that is greedy of his prey, and as it were a young lion lurking in secret places.
Nahum 2:11
Read Nahum 2
Nahum 2:13