Nehemiah 12:25

מַתַּנְיָ֧ה וּבַקְבֻּֽקְיָ֛ה עֹֽבַדְיָ֥ה מְשֻׁלָּ֖ם טַלְמ֣וֹן עַקּ֑וּב שֹֽׁמְרִ֤ים שֽׁוֹעֲרִים֙ מִשְׁמָ֔ר בַּֽאֲסֻפֵּ֖י הַשְּׁעָרִֽים
Mattaniah, and Bakbukiah, Obadiah, Meshullam, Talmon, Akkub, were porters keeping the ward at the thresholds of the gates.
Select a Hebrew word above to see its details.

מַתַּנְיָ֧ה
מַתַּנְיָ֧ה
Root word a name — transliterate it ("Mattaniah")
Dictionary form: מַתַּנְיָה · maht-tahn-YAW

Noun — Proper Name

In the KJV here: mattaniah
mattaniah ×7 and mattaniah ×4 of mattaniah ×4 to mattaniah ×1
More options
Mattaniah — Standard modern spelling; use in most contexts.
Mattanyah — Closer transliteration; suits scholarly or study Bibles.
Mattanya — Shortened form common in modern Hebrew usage.

BDB5452 H4983

BDB5451 | BIBLICAL HEBREW | BDB5453

מַתַּנְיָ֫הוּ, מַתַּנְיָה proper name, masculine (compare GrayProp. N. 294, No. 82); — ᵐ5 Μαθθας, Μανθανιας, Ματθανιας, etc.; —

1. מַתַּנְיָה, last king of Judah, name changed to Zedekiah 2Kgs 24:17.
2. מַתַּנְיָ֫הוּ, Levite name:
  a. son of Heman 1Chr 25:4.
  b. Asaphite 1Chr 25:16.
  c. id., 2Chr 29:13 (Hezekiah's time).
3. מַתַּנְיָה, Levite name:
  a. Asaphite 1Chr 9:15; Neh 11:17; Neh 11:22; Neh 12:8; Neh 12:35, perhaps = 2 b, c (but much confusion and uncertainty; e.g. ׳מ is of Hezekiah's time 2Chr 29:13, and 4th generation before Nehemiah, Neh 11:12; Neh 12:35 while contemporary of Zerubbabel Neh 12:8 and of Nehemiah Neh 11:17).
  b. other Levites: (1) 2Chr 20:14, (2) Neh 12:25, (3) Neh 13:13.
4. מַתַּנְיָה, name of several who took strange wives:
  a. Ezra 10:26.
  b. vEzra 10:27.
  c. vEzra 10:30.
  d. vEzra 10:37.

mattaniah
mattanyâ
gift of Jehovah
Mattanjah, the name of ten Israelites
  • the original name of the last king of Judah before the captivity; also known as 'Zedekiah'
    • "a Levite, son of Heman, whose office was to blow the horns in the temple service as appointed by David"a Levite of the family of Asaph"a Levite of the family of Asaph who assisted in the purification of the temple in the reign of Hezekiah"a Levite of the family of Asaph who took part in the dedication of the wall of Jerusalem; leader of the temple choir"a Levite, descendant of Asaph and ancestor of Jahaziel in the time of Jehoshaphat"another Levite in the time of Nehemiah"a Levite, father of Zaccur and ancestor of Hanan the under-treasurer who had charge of the offerings in the time of Nehemiah"a man of the sons of Elam who had and put away a strange wife in the time of Ezra"a man of the sons of Zattu who had and put away a strange wife in the time of Ezra"a man descended from Pahath-moab who had and put away a strange wife in the time of Ezra"a man of the sons of Bani who had and put away a strange wife in the time of Ezra

וּ בַקְבֻּֽקְיָ֛ה
וּ
Prefix — connector and (sometimes: but, so, then)
בַקְבֻּֽקְיָ֛ה
Root word a name — transliterate it ("And bakbukiah")
Dictionary form: בַּקְבֻּקְיָה · bahk-book-YAW

Noun — Proper Name

In the KJV here: and bakbukiah
and bakbukiah ×2 also bakbukiah ×1
More options
Bakbukiah — Standard modern spelling; use as the proper name.
Bakbukya — Closer transliteration; preferred in scholarly contexts.
Bakbukijah — Traditional spelling variant, recognizable to readers of older translations.

BDB1288 H1229

BDB1287 | BIBLICAL HEBREW | BDB1289

בַּקְבֻּקְיָה proper name, masculine a Levite Neh 11:17; Neh 12:9; Neh 12:25.

bakbukiah
baqbuqyâ
wasting of Jehovah
Bakbukjah, an Israelite
  • a Levite in the time of Nehemiah

עֹֽבַדְיָ֥ה
עֹֽבַדְיָ֥ה
Root word a name — transliterate it ("Obadiah")
Dictionary form: עֹבַדְיָה · oh-bahd-YAW

Noun — Proper Name

In the KJV here: obadiah
and obadiah ×6 obadiah ×6 of obadiah ×3 and as obadiah ×1 and to obadiah ×1 now obadiah ×1 so obadiah ×1 that obadiah ×1
More options
Obadiah — Standard modern English spelling; use in most contexts.
Ovadiah — Closer Hebrew transliteration; suits scholarly or Jewish contexts.
Obadjah — German-influenced spelling; rare, avoid unless matching a source text.

BDB5750 H5662

BDB5749 | BIBLICAL HEBREW | BDB5751

עֹבַדְיָ֫הוּ, עֹבַדְיָה proper name, masculine (servant of Yah, compare GrayProp. N. 295, No. 90; also Phoenician עבדבעל, Palmyrene עבדבל, Old Aramaic עבדההד Lzb333, Old Hebrew עבדיהו Id.334); — I. עֹבַדְיָ֫הוּ:

1. chief of Ahab's household 1Kgs 18:3 (twice in verse); 1Kgs 18:4; 1Kgs 18:5; 1Kgs 18:6; 1Kgs 18:7; 1Kgs 18:16, ᵐ5 Αβδ(ε)ιου.
2. father of one of the chiefs of Zebulun 1Chr 27:19, ᵐ5 Αβδ(ε)ιου (genitive).
3. a Levite overseer in time of Josiah 2Chr 34:12, ᵐ5 Αβδ(ε)ια, A ᵐ5L Αβδιας. II. עֹבַדְיָה:
1. the prophet Obad 1:1, ᵐ5 Οβδ(ε)ιου (genitive), Αβδ(ε)ιου.
2. a descendant of David 1Chr 3:21, ᵐ5 Αβδεια, ᵐ5L Οβδιας.
3. chief of tribe of Issachar 1Chr 7:3, ᵐ5 Μειβδεια, A Οβδια, ᵐ5L Αβδια.
4. a Benjamite 1Chr 8:38; 1Chr 9:44, ᵐ5 Αβδ(ε)ια.
5. a Levite 1Chr 9:16 (|| עַבְדָּא Neh 11:17), ᵐ5 Αβδεια A Οβδια, ᵐ5L Αβια.
6. a Gadite chief 1Chr 12:9, ᵐ5 Αβδ(ε)ια.
7. a prince in time of Jehoshaphat 2Chr 17:7, ᵐ5 Αβ(δ)ιαν.
8. priestly companion of Ezra Ezra 8:9; Neh 10:6, ᵐ5 Αδεια, Αβ(α)δ(ε)ια, ᵐ5L Αβδιου, Αβιας.
9. a doorkeeper Neh 12:25, א Οβδιας, ᵐ5L Αβδιας.

obadiah
ʿōbadyâ
servant of Jehovah
Obadjah, the name of thirteen Israelites
  • the 4th of the 12 minor prophets; nothing personal is known of him but it is probable that he was contemporary with Jeremiah, Ezekiel, and Daniel
    • the prophetic book by him; prophesies against Edom
    father of Ishmaiah, one of the chiefs of Zebulun in the time of David"a Merarite Levite overseer of the work of restoring the temple in the time of king Josiah of Judah"chief of the household of king Ahab of Israel; an devout worshipper of Jehovah who at risk to his own life hid over 100 prophets during the persecution of Jezebel"a descendant of David"a chief of the tribe of Issachar"a Benjamite, one of the 6 sons of Azel and a descendant of king Saul"a Levite, son of Shemaiah and a descendant of Jeduthun"a Gadite chief, the 2nd of the lion-faced Gadites who joined David at Ziklag"a prince of Judah in the time of king Jehoshaphat of Judah"a priest, son of Jehiel of the sons of Joab who returned from exile with Ezra"a gatekeeper in the time of Nehemiah"one of the men who sealed the covenant with Nehemiah 13a) perhaps the same as 12

מְשֻׁלָּ֖ם
מְשֻׁלָּ֖ם
Root word a name — transliterate it ("Meshullam")
Dictionary form: מְשֻׁלָּם · meh-shool-LAWM

Noun — Proper Name

In the KJV here: meshullam
meshullam ×9 and meshullam ×7 of meshullam ×7 and for meshullam ×1 matter and meshullam ×1
More options
Meshullam — Standard modern spelling of this personal name.
Meshullam ("repaid" / "rewarded") — Use when the name's meaning is being highlighted.
Meshullam ("the one at peace") — Reflects alternate etymology; use in theological contexts.

BDB8745 H7967 H4918 H8018 H4920

BDB8744 | BIBLICAL HEBREW | BDB8746

שַׁלּוּם (less often שַׁלֻּם) proper name, masculine Σελ(λ)ουμ, Σαλ(λ)ουμ, Σελλημ, etc.; —

1. king of Northern Israel 2Kgs 15:10; 2Kgs 15:13; 2Kgs 15:14; 2Kgs 15:15.
2. son of Josiah, and king of Judah Jer 22:11; 1Chr 3:15 = יְהוֺאָחָז 1.
3. husband of Huldah 2Kgs 22:14 = 2Chr 34:22, B ᵐ5L Σελλημ, A ‐λουμ.
4. uncle of Jeremiah Jer 32:7.
5. in Simeon 1Chr 4:25.
6. in Jerahmeel 1Chr 2:40; 1Chr 2:41.
7. in Ephraim 2Chr 28:12.
8. in Naphtali 1Chr 7:13.
9. father of a threshold-keeper Jer 35:4.
10. wall-builder Neh 3:12.
11. priests 1Chr 5:38; 1Chr 5:39; Ezra 7:2 (ancestor of Ezra, perhaps = מְשֻׁלָּם 7 a).
12. Levites:
  a. 1Chr 9:17 (twice in verse), perhaps = v1Chr 9:19 v1Chr 9:31, and Ezra 2:42 || Neh 7:45 ( = שֶׁלֶמְיָה 2, מְשֻׁלָּם 8 c, (מְשֶׁלֶמְיָה(וּׅ).
  b. Ezra 10:24.
13. vEzra 10:42. below

BDB8747 H4918 H7967

BDB8746 | BIBLICAL HEBREW | BDB8748

מְשֻׁלָּם proper name, masculine Μεσουλαμ, Μοσολλαμ, etc.:

1. grandfather of Shaphan 2Kgs 22:3.
2. son of Zerubbabel 1Chr 3:19.
3. in Benjamin:
  a. 1Chr 8:17, perhaps =
  b. 1Chr 9:7.
  c. v1Chr 9:8.
  d. Neh 11:7.
4. in Gad 1Chr 5:13.
5. wall-builders:
  a. Neh 3:4; Neh 3:30.
  b. Neh 3:6.
6. a chief Neh 10:21.
7. priests (distinctions in part obscure):
  a. 1Chr 9:11; Neh 11:11; Neh 12:13 (perhaps = שַׁלּוּם 11).
  b. 1Chr 9:12.
  c. Neh 10:8.
  d. Neh 12:6.
  e. vNeh 12:33.
8. Levites:
  a. 2Chr 34:12.
  b. Ezra 8:16; Ezra 10:15; Neh 8:14.
  c. Neh 12:25 ( = שַׁלּוּם 12 a).
9. Ezra 10:29. above

meshullam
mĕšullām
friend
Meshullam, the name of seventeen Israelites
  • grandfather of Shaphan, the scribe
    • "son of Zerubbabel"a Benjamite of the sons of Elpaal"a Benjamite, father of Sallu"a Benjamite who lived at Jerusalem after the captivity"a Benjamite
    • perhaps the same as 3 or 4
    a Gadite in the reign of king Jotham of Judah"son of Berechiah who assisted in rebuilding the wall of Jerusalem"son of Besodeiah who assisted Jehoiada the son of Paseah in restoring the old gate of Jerusalem"a chief of the people who sealed the covenant with Nehemiah"father of Hilkiah and high priest probably in the reign of king Amon of Judah 11a) perhaps the same as 'Shallum'"a priest, son of Meshillemith or Meshillemoth, son of Immer, and ancestor of Maasiai or Amashai"a priest or family of priests who sealed the covenant with Nehemiah"a priest, head of the family of Ginnethon and representative of the house of Ezra in the days of Joiakim, the son of Jeshua"a priest, one of the princes of Judah at the dedication of the wall of Jerusalem"a Kohathite or family of Kohathite Levites in the reign of Josiah"a Levite, one of the heads sent to Iddo to gather the Levites to join the caravan about to return to Jerusalem; a chief man who assisted Ezra in abolishing the marriages which some of the people had made with foreign wives"ancestor of a family of porters or Levites in days of Nehemiah"a descendant of Bani who had a foreign wife and put her away"one of the men who stood at the left hand of Ezra when he read the law to the people 20a) maybe the same as 17

טַלְמ֣וֹן
טַלְמ֣וֹן
Root word a name — transliterate it ("Talmon")
Dictionary form: טַלְמוֹן · tahl-MONE

Noun — Proper Name

In the KJV here: talmon
of talmon ×2 talmon ×2 and talmon ×1
More options
Talmon — Standard modern rendering of this proper name.
Talmon (gatekeeper clan) — Clarifies role when context involves temple gatekeepers.
Talmon (ancestor) — Use when referencing the eponymous head of the lineage.

talmon
ṭalmôn
oppressor
Talmon, a temple doorkeeper
  • the head of a family of doorkeepers in the temple; some of his descendants returned from exile with Zerubbabel and were employed in their hereditary office in the days of Nehemiah and Ezra
    • possibly two other doorkeepers in the time of Nehemiah

עַקּ֑וּב
עַקּ֑וּב
Root word a name — transliterate it ("Akkub")
Dictionary form: עַקּוּב · ak-KOOB

Noun — Proper Name

In the KJV here: akkub
akkub ×3 of akkub ×3 and akkub ×2
More options
Akkub — Standard anglicized form; use in most modern translations.
Aqquv — Closer transliteration; prefer in academic or critical editions.
Aqqub — Alternate scholarly spelling reflecting doubled consonant.

BDB6316 H6126

BDB6315 | BIBLICAL HEBREW | BDB6317

עַקּוּב proper name, masculine ᵐ5B usually (Ι)ακουν[μ] A ᵐ5L Ακ(κ)ουβ: —

1. descendant of David 1Chr 3:24.
2. heads of post-exilic families:
  a. Ezra 2:42 = Neh 7:45.
  b. Ezra 2:45 (si vera lectio).
3. Levites:
  a. 1Chr 9:17.
  b. Neh 8:7.
  c. Neh 11:19; Neh 12:25.

akkub
ʿaqqûb
insidious
Akkub, the name of five Israelites
  • son of Elioenai and descendant of David through Zerubbabel
    • "a head of a family returning from exile"head of a family of temple slaves returning from exile"a Levite gatekeeper"a Levite who helped Ezra expound the law to the people"a Levite gatekeeper after the return from exile

שֹֽׁמְרִ֤ים
שֹֽׁמְרִ֤ים
Root word keep, kept, observe, heed, keepeth, …
Dictionary form: שָׁמַר · shaw-MAHR

Verb — Qal, Participle Active, masculine plural, absolute state simple action — "he did" ongoing action — try "___ing" or "one who ___s"

In the KJV here: keeping
keep ×28 kept ×24 and keep ×23 to keep ×23 take heed ×16 and to keep ×7 observe ×7 ye shall keep ×6
More options
keep — Most versatile rendering; suits commands and ongoing obligations.
observe — Best for law/covenant contexts: observe the sabbath.
guard — Physical or protective watching over something or someone.
watch over — Caring, attentive oversight; warm, pastoral register.
heed — Prefer when the nuance is careful attention or warning.
preserve — Suits divine protection contexts: God preserves his people.

BDB8848 H8104

BDB8847 | BIBLICAL HEBREW | BDB8849

I. שָׁמַר465 verb keep, watch, preserve (Late Hebrew id.; Phoenician שמר in proper name and (Punic) = watchman; Tel Amarna šimiru is perhaps overseer (Canaanism), WklNo. 80, i. 23; Mandean סמירא preserved NöM 46; compare Arabic converse by night, stay awake (see LagBN 105); BaNB 175 f.; ES 43 infers from eyelid (compare [שְׁמֻרָה] below), and Arabic support, aid, protect (l = r), that two √ √ are combined in Hebrew; but proof insufficient); —

Qal425 Perfect 3 masculine singular ׳שׁ Gen 37:11 +, etc.; Imperfect 3 masculine singular יִשְׁמֹר 1Sam 2:9 +, יִשְׁמָרֿ Jer 5:24 +, suffix 3 masculine singular יִשְׁמְרֶנּוּ Exod 21:29; Exod 21:36 3 feminine singular suffix תִּשְׁמוּרֵ֑ם Prov 14:3 (read תִּשְׁמְרוּם, see Ges«GKC:47g»§ 47g Toy), etc.; Imperative masculine singular שְׁמֹר Job 2:6 +, שָׁמְרָה 1Chr 29:18 +; masculine plural שִׁמְרוּ Josh 6:18 +, etc.; Infinitive absolute שָׁמוֺר Deut 5:12 +; construct שְׁמֹר Gen 3:24 +, suffix שָׁמְרָהּ Gen 2:15, etc.; Participle active שֹׁמֵר 1Sam 1:12 +, etc.; passive שָׁמוּר Eccl 5:12 (1Sam 9:24 see below), etc.; — [Synon. I. נָצַר, נָטַר, q. v.]:
1. a. keep, have charge of, garden Gen 2:15 (J), ark 1Sam 7:1, property in trust Exod 22:6; Exod 22:9 (E), compare 1Sam 25:31 tend flock Gen 30:31 (E), compare Zech 3:7; Num 3:8 (P); so perhaps (object omitted) Hos 12:13 (where ׳שׁ chosen for parallelism Now Marti and others); Participle הֲשֹׁמֵר אָחִי אָנֹ֑כִי Gen 4:9 (J), ׳שׁ of sheep 1Sam 17:20, הַכֵּלִים ׳שׁ v1Sam 17:22, הַכְּגָדִים ׳שׁ 2Kgs 22:14; 2Chr 34:22, הַנָּשִׁים ׳שׁ Esth 2:3; Esth 2:8; Esth 2:15, compare vEsth 2:14, etc.
  b. keep, guard, captives Josh 10:18 (J), 1Kgs 20:39, דֶּרֶךְ Gen 3:24 (J); keep watch and ward, אֶל person for whom 1Sam 26:15 (Ps 59:10 see 3 end), עַל person vPs 59:16; Prov 6:22 בַּנַּעַר 2Sam 18:12 have a care of (read לִי for מִי ᵐ5 and modern); in hostile sense, אֶל הָעִיר (in siege) 2Sam 11:16, חַטָאתִי עַל Job 14:16 (but read תַּעֲבֹר with ᵐ5 Ew Di Du and others [not Hi Bu]); absolute with מֵעַל Eccl 5:7 watcheth above, etc.; keep one's mouth, be prudent of speech Prov 21:33, compare Mic 7:5 keep = protect, save, one's life, נֶפֶשׁ Prov 13:3; Prov 16:17; Prov 19:16; Prov 22:5, another's Job 2:6 in Proverbs, accusative of person, subject wisdom, Job 4:6 she shall preserve thee, compare (+ מִן of evil) Job 6:24; Job 7:5 especially Participle watch, watchman, of city Isa 21:11 (twice in verse); Isa 21:12; Isa 62:5 (figurative), Song 3:3; Song 5:7 (twice in verse); Ps 127:1 הַמֶּלֶף ׳שׁ (in temple) Jer 35:4 + (see סַף), פֶּית הַמֶּלֶךְ ׳הַפּ 1Kgs 14:27 = 2Chr 12:10, הַשְּׁעָרִים ׳שׁ Neh 13:22, שֹׁמְרֵי הַבַּיִת (figurative) Eccl 12:3 ׳שׁ הַבַּיִתךֵסעוֺה ךֵהת פךֵךֵכ (of David's concubines) 2Sam 15:16; 2Sam 16:21; 2Sam 20:3 שֹׁמֵר הַכֵּלִים 1Sam 17:22, הַבְּגָדִים ׳שׁ 2Kgs 22:14, חַפַּרְדֵּס ׳שׁ Neh 2:8, הַנָּשִׁים ׳שׁ Esth 2:3; Esth 2:14; Esth 2:15, שֹׁמְרִים absolute Judg 7:19; Jer 51:12.
  c. hence watch for, wait for, accusative of person 1Sam 19:11 (to kill him), compare Ps 59:1 (title; accusative הַבַּיִת); with יֲקֵכַי Ps 56:7 = dog my steps, Ps 71:10; Jer 20:10 = watch (suspiciously) Job 10:14; Job 13:27; Job 33:11 absolute הַשֹּׁעמרִים Judg 1:24 wait for, נֶשֶׁף Job 24:15, לַבֹּקֶר Ps 130:6 (twice in verse).
  d. watch, observe, accusative of thing 1Sam 1:12; Eccl 11:4; Job 39:1; Jer 8:7 (of birds), with intelligence Isa 42:20; Ps 107:43 accusative of person Ps 37:37 (|| ראה), Zech 11:11 accusative of sin Ps 31:7; Ps 130:3 accusative of thing, for the purpose of avoiding, Ps 17:4.
2. a. keep, retain, of storing up (food) Gen 41:35 (E); absolute Eccl 3:6 (opposed to הִשְׁלִיךְ); treasure up (in memory) Gen 37:11 (E), compare Mal 2:7; 1Chr 29:18; Prov 4:21 (בְּתוֺךְ לְבָבֶ֑ךְ), Prov 22:18 (כְּבִטֱנ֑ךָ); retain wrath Amos 1:11 (read שָׁמֶר לָנֶצַח We Now GASm Marti; see also נָטַר 1) + (anger omitted) Jer 3:5 (|| נטר).
  b. keep within bounds, restrain, object שׁוֺר Exod 21:29; Exod 21:36 (E); with accusative hand, מִן of evil Isa 56:2 figurative keep thy foot, with temporal clause Eccl 4:17 לְֿפִי מַחְסוֺם׳אֶשׁ Ps 39:2 (ᵐ5 Du and others אָשִׁימָה); apparently reflexive (= Niph`al), Josh 6:18 (+ מִןהַֿחֵרֶס), possibly sc. גַפְשְׁכֶם Di.
3. a. observe, celebrate, accusative of festival, etc., Exod 23:15 (E), Exod 34:18 (J), Exod 12:17 of day vExod 12:17 (P), of month Deut 16:1.
  b. keep Sabbath Deut 5:12; Lev 19:3; Lev 19:30; Lev 26:2 (all H), Exod 31:13; Exod 31:14; Exod 31:16 (P), Isa 56:4, also (+ מֵחַלְּלוֺ) vIsa 56:2 vIsa 56:6.
  c. of other obligations: keep convenant Ezek 17:14, especially convenant of ׳י Deut 29:8; 1Kgs 11:11 + 5 t., ׳שְׁבֻעַת י 1Kgs 2:43, perform vow Deut 23:24 keep commands Jer 35:18; Ezek 20:18 especially מִצָוֺת, תֻקִּים, יֲבֹדָה, etc., of ׳י (sometimes || נצר), Exod 20:6 = Deut 5:10; Amos 2:4; 1Kgs 2:3; Ps 119:8; Ps 119:17; Ps 119:34 + very often (c. 120 t.); ׳דֶּרֶח י ׳שׁ Gen 18:19 (J) + 4 t., ׳דַּרְכֵי י 2Sam 22:22 = Ps 18:22, ׳י ׳ד omitted Judg 2:22 b; אָרְחוֺת צַדַּיקִים ׳שׁ Prov 2:20 (|| תֵּלֵח תְּלֵח בְּדֶרֶח טוֺבֹים), ׳שׁ דְּרָכַי (ways of wisdom) Prov 8:32 (Ps 17:4 see 1 d); keep discharge an office, כְּהֻנָּה Num 3:10; Num 18:7 (both P), absolute 2Chr 5:11 a function or duty, especially מִשְׁמֶרֶת ׳שׁ Lev 8:35; Num 1:53 + approximately 32 t. (see ׳מ below); accusative of obligation often omitted, especially D (and RD) keep and do Deut 4:6; Deut 7:12 + 8 t.; to do Deut 5:1; Deut 5:29 + 16 t. D + 3 t., etc.
  d. observe = follow dictates of (prudence, justice, kindness, wisdom) Hos 12:7 (חֶסֶד וּמִשְׁפָּט), Isa 56:1; Prov 4:4; Prov 5:2; Prov 7:1; Prov 7:2 bad sense, observe vanities Ps 31:7. — Doubtful are: לִשְׁמֹר absolute Hos 4:10, very strange (conjectures in We Now Marti); שָׁמוּר 1Sam 9:24, HPS אֵחַרְנוּ, compare Now BuComm.; Ps 59:10 read עֻוִּי אֵלֶיךָ אֲזַמֵּ֑רָה (as vPs 59:18, ᵑ6 Che Bae).
4. sometimes ׳י subject:
  a. keep, preserve, protect, accusative of person, + ב of way, etc., Gen 28:15; Gen 28:20 (J), Exod 23:20 (E; of מַלְאָח), Ps 91:11 (׳מ), Josh 24:17 (E); accusative of person (or נפשׁ) only: 1Sam 30:23; Jer 31:9; Num 6:24 (P), Job 29:2; Ps 16:1 + 10 t. Psalms; + מִן Ps 121:7 + 2 t.; accusative רַהְּלַי 1Sam 2:9, compare Prov 3:26 (מִן); Participle שֹׁמְרֶ֑ךָ Ps 121:3; Ps 121:5, compare vPs 121:4, etc.; accusative of city Ps 127:1.
  b. with accusative בְּרִית, ל person Deut 7:12, + חֶסֶד vDeut 7:7 + 5 t., אֱמֶת לְעוֺלָם ׳הַשּׁ Ps 146:6 הַשְּׁבֻעָה Deut 7:8, etc.; passive of covenant (׳י agent) עֲרוּכָה בַכֹּל וּשְׁמֻרָה 2Sam 23:5 (legal terminology, Dr).
5. keep, reserve, weeks of harvest Jer 5:24 (ל person). Niph`al36 Perfect 3 masculine singular נִשְׁמַד 2Sam 20:10, etc.; Imperfect 3 feminine singular תִּשָּׁמֵד Judg 13:13 2 masculine plural תִּשָּׁמַ֑רוּ Exod 23:13 Imperative masculine singular תִּשָּׁמֵד Isa 7:4 הִדָמשּׁ֫מֶר (לְךָׅ Gen 24:6 +; feminine singular הִשָּֽׁמְרִי Judg 13:4, etc.; —
1. be on one's guard, with בַּחֶרֶב 2Sam 20:10 by reason of the sword, i.e. against it; with ב temporal 1Sam 19:2, שָׁם 2Kgs 6:10 take heed Exod 23:13 (E) Deut 2:4 with מִן person Exod 23:21 (E), Jer 9:3 מִן of thing Judg 13:13; Deut 23:10 מִן infinitive take care not to, etc. Gen 31:29 (E), 2Kgs 6:9 infinitive without מִן Exod 19:12 (J), but read probably מֵעֲלוֺת; followed by פֶּן lest Gen 24:6 (J) + 11 t. (especially Deuteronomy); with (וְ)אַל jussive Exod 10:23 (J), Judg 13:4; Job 36:21, with Imperative coordinate Isa 7:4. — Very often Imperative (24 t.), especially in phrase הִשָּׁמֶרלְֿךָ (12 t.), הִשָּֽׁטְרוּ לָכֶם (3 t.); + לְנַפְשֹׁתֵיכֶם Deut 4:15; Josh 23:11 (RD; + infinitive); + ׳בְּנַפ Jer 17:21 apparently ב pret. on peril of your life (compare ב III. 3 a), so perhaps also בְּרוּחֲכֶם Mal 2:15; Mal 2:16 (We Now).
2. keep oneself, refrain, abstain, מֵאִשָּׁה 1Sam 21:5.
3. be kept, guarded, Hos 12:14 (compare ׳שׁ of Jacob v.Hos 12:13); be preserved (by ׳י) Ps 37:28 (לִיוֺלָם), but read probably עַוָּלִים (לְעוֺלָם) נִשְׁמָ֑דוּ Hup-Ri (Now) Che Bae Du Dr. Pi`el Participle plural מְשַׁמְּרִים הַבְלֵישָֿׁוְא Jonah 2:9 those paying regard to false vanities (compare Qal Ps 31:7). Hithpa`el Imperfect 1 singular וָאֶשְׁתַּסֵּר מֵעֲוֺנַי Ps 18:24 I kept myself from, etc. = 2Sam 22:24 (verb cohortative); 3 masculine singular וְיִשְׁתַּמֵּר חֻקּוֺת עָמְרִי Mic 6:16, but read וְתִשְׁמֹר thou keepest, observest, We Now GASm.

keep, kept, observe, heed, keepeth, …
šāmar
properly, to hedge about (as with thorns), i.e., guard; generally, to protect, attend to, etc
  • to keep, guard, observe, give heed
    • (Qal)
      • to keep, have charge of
        • "to keep, guard, keep watch and ward, protect, save life
        • watch, watchman (participle)
        to watch for, wait for"to watch, observe"to keep, retain, treasure up (in memory)"to keep (within bounds), restrain"to observe, celebrate, keep (sabbath or covenant or commands), perform (vow)"to keep, preserve, protect"to keep, reserve
      (Niphal)
      • to be on one's guard, take heed, take care, beware
        • "to keep oneself, refrain, abstain"to be kept, be guarded
      (Piel) to keep, pay heed"(Hithpael) to keep oneself from

שֽׁוֹעֲרִים֙
שֽׁוֹעֲרִים֙
Root word porters, porter, doorkeepers
Dictionary form: שׁוֹעֵר · shoh-ARE

Noun — Common, masculine plural, absolute state plural — usually add "-s"

In the KJV here: were porters
and the porters ×10 the porters ×8 of the porters ×4 the porter ×3 were porters ×3 to be porters ×2 were doorkeepers ×2 and porters ×1
More options
gatekeeper — Most common modern equivalent; preferred in contemporary translations.
doorkeeper — Modernized KJV form; suits smaller, interior entry points.
guard — Broader term; use when access-control role is emphasized.
sentry — Military or formal register; highlights watchful, posted duty.
keeper of the gate — Descriptive phrase; useful for poetic or narrative clarity.

BDB8930 H7778

BDB8929 | BIBLICAL HEBREW | BDB8931

שֹׁעֵר37 noun masculine porter (denominative from שַׁעַר); — absolute ׳שׁוֺ 2Chr 31:14, construct ׳שֹׁ 2Kgs 7:10; 1Chr 9:21, + feminine שׁוֺעֶ֫רֶת 2Sam 4:6 (for ᵑ0 [וֺךְ] בֹּאוּ עַד תּ) We Dr HPS Bu Now after ᵐ5 (Th פְּקִידַת דֶּלֶת); plural שֹׁעֲרִים 2Kgs 7:11 +; construct שֹׁעֲרֵי 2Chr 23:4 — porter of city gate 2Kgs 7:10; 2Kgs 7:11 (2Sam 18:26 read הַשַּׁעַר ᵐ5 ᵑ6 ᵑ9 Th We Dr and most); portress of house 2Sam 4:6 (see above); elsewhere (34 t. Chronicles Ezra Nehemiah) of gate-keepers in sanctuary 1Chr 9:17; 1Chr 9:18; 1Chr 9:24 +; 4,000 in number, 1Chr 23:5 ׳שׁ פֶּתַח לְאֹהֶל מוֺעֵד 1Chr 9:21 שֹׁעֲרִים בַּסִּפִּים v1Chr 9:22 לָאָרוֺן ׳שׁ 1Chr 15:23; 1Chr 15:24 שֹׁעֲרֵי הַסִּפִּים 2Chr 23:4 בְּנֵי הַשֹּׁעֲרִים Ezra 2:42.

porters, porter, doorkeepers
šôʿēr
a janitor
  • gatekeeper, porter

מִשְׁמָ֔ר
מִשְׁמָ֔ר
Root word ward, watch, guard, offices, prison, …
Dictionary form: מִשְׁמָר · mish-MAWR

Noun — Common, masculine singular, absolute state

In the KJV here: the ward
ward ×5 in ward ×3 a watch ×2 him in ward ×2 a guard ×1 and for the offices thereof ×1 diligence ×1 in his watch ×1
More options
guard — Broad default; fits military or protective contexts well.
watch — Prefer for night watches or sentry-duty passages.
custody — Best when a person is held under confinement or arrest.
post — Good for assigned station or duty position of a guard.
prison — Use when the context is explicit confinement or detention.
charge — Suits administrative or priestly duty/office contexts.

BDB8865 H4929

BDB8864 | BIBLICAL HEBREW | BDB8866

מִשְׁמָר noun [masculine] place of confinement, goal, prison; late, guard, watch, observance; — absolute ׳מ Gen 42:17 +; construct מִשְׁמַר Gen 40:3 +; suffix מִשְׁמָרוֺ Neh 7:3, etc.; plural suffix רָיו- Neh 13:14 —

1. goal, prison, בֵּית שַׂר הַטַּבָּחִים ׳מ Gen 40:3, compare vGen 40:4 (absolute), vGen 40:7; Gen 41:10; Gen 42:17 (absolute), + vGen 42:30 (ᵐ5), בֵּית מִשְׁמַרְכֶם vGen 42:19 (all E); guard-house in camp Lev 24:12 (H), Num 15:34 (P).
2. guard, Jer 51:12; Neh 4:3; Neh 4:16, ׳אַנְשֵׁי הַמּ v.Neh 4:17 guard&-post Neh 7:3 figurative of ׳י setting a guard, ׳כִּי תָשִׂים עָלַימ Job 7:12 band of (Levitical) guards or functionaries 1Chr 26:16; Neh 12:24 (compare מִשְׁמֶרֶת); act of guarding, ׳מִכָּלמֿ Prov 4:23 above all guarding watch thy heart. — ׳לְמ Ezek 38:7 is doubtful, Hi Co Toy and others reserve; Krae לְמשֵׁל.
3. plural observances, services, of temple Neh 13:14.

ward, watch, guard, offices, prison, …
mišmār
a guard (the man, the post or the prison); a deposit (figuratively); also (as observed) a usage (abstractly), or an example (concretely)
  • place of confinement, prison, guard, jail, guard post, watch, observance
    • jail, prison, guard-house
      • "guard, guard post, act of guarding"observances

בַּ ֽאֲסֻפֵּ֖י
בַּ
Prefix — preposition in, at, by, with
ֽאֲסֻפֵּ֖י
Root word asuppim, thresholds
Dictionary form: אָסֻף · aw-SOOP

Noun — Common, masculine plural, construct state plural — usually add "-s"; "___ of …" — bound to the next word

In the KJV here: at the thresholds
and toward asuppim ×1 at the thresholds ×1 of asuppim ×1
More options
storehouse — Most natural modern reading; implies collected goods.
threshold — Architectural sense; use for doorway/entrance contexts.
storage chamber — More specific than storehouse; suits temple contexts.
gatehouse — Emphasizes the entry-point function of the structure.
depot — Contemporary, functional term for a collection point.

BDB627 H622 H624

BDB626 | BIBLICAL HEBREW | BDB628

אָסַף200 verb gather, remove (Assyrian asâpu, DlPr 45) —

Qal Perfect אָסַף Gen 30:23 +; אָסַפְתָּ Ps 85:4, etc.; Imperfect יֶּאֱסֹף 2Kgs 5:3 יַאַסְפֵנִי Ps 27:10, etc.; also וַיֹּסֶף 2Sam 6:1 2 masculine singular תֹּסֵף Ps 104:29 1 singular אֹסְפָה Mic 4:6 so probably (suffix) אִֹ˜ספְךָ 1Sam 15:6 (read אֹסִפְךָ) see Köi. 382 DrSm; Imperative אֱסֹף Num 21:16 + אֶסְפָה Num 11:16 2 feminine singular אִסְפִּי Jer 10:17 אִסְפוּ Ps 50:5 +; Infinitive absolute אָסֹף Jer 8:13 + (Hiph`il, from סוף according to BaNB 73); construct אֱסֹף 2Kgs 5:7 +; אָסְפְּךָ Exod 23:16 אָסְפְּכֶם Lev 23:39 Participle active אֹסֵף Num 19:10 אֹסִפְךָ 2Kgs 22:20; 2Chr 34:28 (pointed אִֹ˜ספְךָ i.e. Hiph`il; compare Köl.c.); אֹסְפָם Ps 39:7 passive plural construct אֲסֻפֵי Ezek 34:29 —
1. gather, collect
   (a) persons Gen 29:22; Gen 42:17 (followed by אֶלֿ) Exod 3:16; Exod 4:29; Num 11:16; Num 11:24; Num 21:16; Josh 2:18 (followed by אֶלֿ + הֿ locative) Josh 24:1 (followed by הֿ locative; all these J E); 1Sam 5:8; 1Sam 5:11; 2Kgs 23:1 (followed by אֶלֿ) Josh 2:16; Isa 11:12; Zeph 3:8; Hab 2:5; Ezek 11:17 (all || קבץ) +; collect men, people, armies, etc., for fighting Num 21:23 (E) Judg 11:20; 1Sam 17:1; 2Sam 10:17; 2Sam 12:29 +; compare Zech 14:2 (followed by עַלֿ against);
   (b) once object beasts Jer 12:9
   (c) things, especially fruits ofearth Exod 23:10; Exod 23:16 (Cov't code) Lev 25:3; Lev 25:20; Lev 25:39 (H) Deut 11:14; Deut 16:13; Deut 28:38; Isa 17:5; Jer 40:10; Jer 40:12; Job 39:12; Ps 39:7 compare Ruth 2:7 (|| לקט glean); the quails Num 11:32 (twice in verse); food in general (מַאֲכָל) Gen 6:21 (followed by אֶלֿ); eggs Isa 10:14 money 2Kgs 22:4; 2Chr 24:11 ashes of red heifer Num 19:9; Num 19:10 chariots 1Kgs 10:26; 2Chr 1:14, etc.; of fisherman (בְּמִכְמַרְתּוֺ, in metaphor) Hab 1:15 of collecting wind Prov 30:4 מִי רֿוּחַ בְּחָפְנָיו׳א.
2. gather an individual into company of others:
   (a) object person especially gather to one's father 2Kgs 22:20 (עַלאֲֿבֹתֶיךָ) = 2Chr 34:28 (אֶלֿ; both || Niph`al of same verb q. v. ); hence also
   (b) bring, object person 1Sam 14:52 (on form here see Dr) 2Sam 11:27 (both followed by אֶלֿ), association, responsibility, protection being implied; also of stray ox or sheep Deut 22:2 (followed by אֶלתּֿוֺח); hence also
   (c) take up, care for, subject ׳י Ps 27:10 (compare perhaps Isa 40:11 קבץ);
   (d) draw up the feet upon the bed (אֶלֿ) Gen 49:33.
3. bring up the rear of Isa 58:8 יַאַסְפֶ֑ךָ ׳כְּבוֺד י i.e. be thy rear-guard (|| הָלַח לְפָנֶיךָ צִדְקֶ֑ךָ) — Isa 52:12 has Pi`el מְאַסִּפְכֶם q. v.
4. gather and take away, remove, withdraw 1Sam 14:19 (object hand), Jer 10:17 (bundle, followed by מִן), leprosy 2Kgs 5:11 (see צרע); compare also מִצָּרַעַת ׳א, remove (set free) a man from leprosy v2Kgs 5:3 v2Kgs 5:6 v2Kgs 5:7; Gen 30:23; Isa 4:1 (reproach), Ps 85:4 (wrath, || הֵשִׁיב), Jer 16:5 (peace, followed by מִן), Joel 2:10; Joel 4:15 (light), Ps 26:9 (נֶפֶשׁ) so Judg 18:25; Ps 104:29 (רוּחַ) see also Job 34:14 (followed by אֶלֿ); hence destroy 1Sam 15:6 object person); passive אֲסֻפֵי רָעָב destroyed with hunger Ezek 34:29 also Infinitive absolute Jer 8:13; Zeph 1:2 (joined with הֵסִיף from סוף, see Köi. 445; considered Hiph`il Infinitive absolute by BaNB 73 see above) Niph`al Perfect נֶאֱסַף Num 27:13 + נֶאֶסְפָה Jer 48:33 etc.; Imperfect יֵאָסֵף Exod 9:19 +; וַיֵּאָ֫סֶף Gen 25:8 +; יֵאָסֵפ֑וּן Ps 104:22 etc.; Imperative הֵאָסֵף Deut 32:50 הֵאָֽסְפִי Jer 47:6 הֵאָֽסְפוּ Gen 49:1 +; Infinitive absolute הֵאָסֹף 2Sam 17:11 (on form compare BaNB 74); construct הֵאָסֵף Gen 29:7; Num 12:15 Participle נֶאֱסָף Gen 49:29 נֶאֱסָפִים 1Sam 13:11; Isa 13:14 נֶאְסָפִים Isa 57:1 —
1. assemble, be gathered, reflexive
   (a) subject men Gen 49:1 (|| קבץ vGen 49:2), Isa 43:9 (|| קבץ), 2Chr 30:3 (followed by לְ) v2Chr 30:13 (followed by accusative of location), Ezra 3:1; Ezra 9:4; Neh 8:1; Neh 8:13 (all followed by אֶלֿ) Neh 9:1; Neh 12:28 earlier mostly of assembling for war Gen 34:30 (followed by עַלֿ), Josh 10:5; Judg 6:33; Judg 9:6; Judg 10:17 || נצעק), Judg 20:11 (followed by אֶלֿ) vJudg 20:14 (followed by הֿ locative), 1Sam 13:11 (followed by accusative of location) +;
   (b) subject flocks, etc. Gen 29:3 (passive; followed by שָׁמָּה) vGen 29:7 vGen 29:8 (all J); fish Num 11:22 (compare Hab 1:25 Qal);
   (c) inanimate subject herbs Prov 27:25 water 2Sam 14:14 (in simile); bones for burial Jer 8:2 compare Jer 25:33 (bodies of slain) see also Ezek 29:5 (|| קבץ which Co reads קבר), apparently = compose, arrange for burial.
**So יֵאָסֵף Job 27:19 but read probably יֹאסִף = יוֺסִף (Exod 5:7), ᵐ5 ᵑ6 Ew De Di Du.
2. passive of Qal 2;
   (a) be gathered to one's fathers אֶלאֲֿבוֺתָיו׳נֶא Judg 2:10 elsewhere to one's people אֶלעַֿמָּיו (all P) Gen 25:8; Gen 25:17; Gen 35:29 (|| וַיִּגְוַע וַיָּמָת) Gen 49:29; Gen 49:33 (|| גוע), Num 20:24; Num 20:26 (|| מות Num 27:13 (twice in verse); Num 31:2; Deut 32:50 (twice in verse) (both || מות); also אֶלקִֿבְרֹתֶיךָ 2Kgs 22:20 = 2Chr 34:28 both || Qal q. v.); hence also
   (b) be brought in (into association with others, etc.) Num 12:14; Num 12:15 (E) of Miriam, after leprosy; also reflexive betake oneself, of Moses Num 11:30 (E), compare 2Sam 17:13 (both followed by אֶלֿ); even with inanimate subject Jer 47:6 הֵאָֽסְפִי אֶלתַּֿעְרֵח (addressed to sword); of man & beast brought home (followed by הֿ locative) for protection Exod 9:19.

3. Pass. of Qal 4; be taken away, removed, perish, of men Isa 57:1 (twice in verse) (|| אבד); fish Hos 4:3 gladness Isa 16:10; Jer 48:33 (followed by מִן); also reflexive, withdraw itself, of moon Isa 60:20 (|| בוא שׁמשׁ). Pi`el Participle מְאַסֵּף Num 10:25 +; מְאָֽסְפָיו Isa 62:9 (so BD see Kö i. 201); מְאַסִּפְכֶם Isa 52:12 —
1. gather harvest Isa 62:9 (|| קבץ); bodies for burial Jer 9:21.
2. take in, receive into (followed by בַּיְתָה) Judg 19:15; Judg 19:18.
3. as substantive rearguard, rearward Num 10:25 (P) Josh 6:9; Josh 6:13 (both E); figurative of God Isa 52:12. Pu`al Perfect וְאֻסַּף (cons.) Isa 33:4; Zech 14:14 etc.; Participle מְאֻסָּף Ezek 38:12 — be gathered, of men Isa 24:22; Hos 10:10 (followed by עַל against), Ezek 38:12 booty Isa 33:4 wealth Zech 14:14. Hithpa`el Infinitive הִתְאַסֵּף Deut 33:5 gather themselves.

asuppim, thresholds
ʾāsup
collected (only in the plural), i.e., a collection of offerings)
  • what is gathered, store, storing, storehouse
    • "threshold (metonymy)

הַ שְּׁעָרִֽים
הַ
Prefix — article the
שְּׁעָרִֽים
Root word gate, gates, cities, city, door, …
Dictionary form: שַׁעַר · sha-AR

Noun — Common, masculine plural, absolute state plural — usually add "-s"

In the KJV here: of the gates
gate ×87 of the gate ×51 the gate ×33 in the gate ×22 the gates ×20 gates ×9 of the gates ×9 and the gates ×8
More options
gate — Most versatile; fits city, temple, or palace contexts.
city gate — Clarifies civic setting where elders judged or traded.
gateway — Emphasizes the passage or threshold, not just the door.
entrance — Broader; good when physical opening matters more than structure.
portal — Slightly elevated register; suits poetic or liturgical passages.
door — Use only for smaller, household-scale openings in context.

BDB10020 H8179 H8651

BDB10019 | BIBLICAL ARAMAIC | BDB10021

תְּרַע noun [masculine] gate, door (ᵑ7 Syriac; Biblical Hebrew שַׁ֫עַר, √I. שׁער); — construct ׳ת:

1. door of furnace Dan 3:26.
2. gate of king, i.e. palace, court, Dan 2:29 (compare Esth 2:19, see שַׁ֫עַר 3 a; also Arabic gate, then the court of a sovereign; plural Sublime Porte, of Turkish court, see especially Dozyi. 124).

BDB6016 H5869 H5871 H5878 H5875 H5883 H5886 H8179

BDB6015 | BIBLICAL HEBREW | BDB6017

II. עַ֫יִן noun feminine spring (of water) (connection with I. ׳ע dubious; Late Hebrew id., Phoenician ען; Assyrian ênu, înu; Arabic ; Ethiopic ; Palmyrene עינא, ᵑ7 עֵינָא, עַיְינָא; Syriac ); — absolute ׳ע 1Sam 29:1 +, עָ֑יִן Gen 49:22 +, הָעַ֫יְנָה Gen 24:16; Gen 24:45 construct עֵין vGen 24:13 +; plural עֲיָנֹת Deut 8:7, וֺת- 2Chr 32:3 construct עֵינוֺת Exod 15:27 = Num 33:9, עִינוֺת Prov 8:28 (Ges«GKC:93v»§ 93v); — spring Gen 16:7; Gen 24:16; Gen 24:29; Gen 24:30; Gen 24:42; Gen 24:45 (all J) Gen 49:22 (poem in J), 1Sam 29:1 עֵין חַמַּיִם Gen 16:7; Gen 24:13; Gen 24:43 (J), compare Exod 15:27 (J) Num 33:9 (P); ׳נַחֲלֵי מַיִם ע וּתְחֹמֹת Deut 8:7 מֵימֵי הָעֲיָנוֺת 2Chr 32:3 תְּהוֺם ׳ְ Prov 8:28 (i.e. of the sea); figurative עֵין יַעֲקֹב Deut 33:28 (poem), i.e. Jacob's descendants. Particular springs are:
  a. חֲרֹד ׳ע Judg 7:1 (on location compare GFM).
  b. הַקּוֺרֵא ׳ע (partridge-spring) Judg 15:19 (compare id.).
  c. רֹגֵּל ׳ע near Jerusalem (early sanctuary RSSem i. 157, 2nd ed. 172) 2Sam 17:17 compare 1Kgs 1:2, on border of Judah Josh 15:7, and Benjamin Josh 18:16.
  d. הַתַּנִּין ׳ע (dragon-spring) Neh 2:13 (= c ? so RSl.c.). — On שַׁעַר הָעַיִן Neh 2:14; Neh 3:15; Neh 12:37 see שַׁעַר

BDB8929 H8179 H5869

BDB8928 | BIBLICAL HEBREW | BDB8930

שַׁ֫עַר373 noun masculine2Sam 18:24 (feminineIsa 14:31 in personification, AlbrZAW xvi (1896), 86) gate; — ׳שׁ absolute Judg 9:40 +, construct Gen 22:17 +; with ה locative, שָׁ֑עְרָה Isa 28:6 +; plural שְׁעָרִים 2Sam 18:24 +, construct שַׁעֲרֵי 1Sam 17:52 +; suffix שְׁעָרֶיךָ Deut 12:15 +, שַׁעֲרֵיהֶם Ezek 21:20; Ezek 48:34, etc.; —

1. a. gate, entrance to city, shut (סָגַר) by night Josh 2:5; Josh 2:7 (JE), compare Isa 45:1, opened (פָּתַח) by day Neh 7:3, compare Isa 60:11 for entrance (בּוֺא), and exit (יָצָא) Jer 17:19; Jer 17:20; Jer 17:21; Jer 17:24; Jer 17:25; Jer 17:27; Lam 4:12; Ezek 26:10 +; ׳עָבַר שׁ Mic 2:13 pass out through (disregard accents), ׳בַּשׁ ׳ע Isa 62:10 with bars Ps 147:13 attacked Ezek 21:20; Ezek 21:27, compare Isa 28:6; Mic 1:9; Mic 1:12; 1Sam 17:52 on Judg 5:8; Judg 5:11 see Commentaries; burned (by foe) Jer 19:27; Jer 51:58; Neh 1:3; Neh 2:3; Neh 2:13; Neh 2:17 as giving control, possession, of city, אֹיְבָיו ׳יָרַשׁ אֵת שׁ Gen 22:17; Gen 24:60 (J); ׳פֶּתַח הַשּׁ Judg 9:40 + (see ׳פ), ׳דַּלְתוֺת הַשּׁ 1Sam 21:14 + (see ׳ד 3); ׳פֶּתַחהַֿשּׁ Judg 18:16; Judg 18:17 of farm or village; so of camp Exod 32:26; Exod 32:27 (J). In cities, elaborate structure, with roof 2Sam 18:24, upper chamber 2Sam 19:1 compare שְׂאוּ שְׁעָרִים רָאשֵׁיכֶם Ps 24:7; Ps 24:9 write laws ׳בִּשׁ Deut 6:9 ( + עַלמְֿזֻזוֺת בֵּיתֶ֑ךָ), Deut 11:20 (+id..); ׳בְּתוֺךְ הַשּׁ 1Sam 9:18, ׳אֶלאתּוֺךְ הַשּׁ 2Sam 3:27 ׳(לְ)יַד שׁ as public, 1Sam 4:18, + v1Sam 4:13 ᵐ5 Th We Dr and others, compare 2Sam 15:2; 2Sam 18:4; Prov 8:3 (|| מְבוֺא פְתָחִים).
  b. particular gates of Jerusalem are: (1) אֶפְרַיִם ׳שׁ 2Kgs 14:13 || 2Chr 25:23; Neh 8:16; Neh 12:39 (2) הָאַשְׁפֹּת ׳שׁ Neh 2:13; Neh 3:14; Neh 12:31 = הָֽשְׁפוֺת ׳שׁ Neh 3:13 (3) בִּנְיָמִין ׳שׁ Jer 37:13; Jer 38:7; Zech 14:10 (4) הַגַּיִא ׳שׁ Neh 2:13; Neh 2:15; Neh 3:13; 2Chr 26:9 (5) הַדָּגִים ׳שׁ Zeph 1:10; Neh 3:3; Neh 12:39; 2Chr 33:14 (6) בֵּין הַחֹמֹתַיִם ׳שׁ 2Kgs 25:4 = Jer 52:7 compare Jer 39:4 (7) החרסות ׳שׁ Jer 19:2 (8) הַיְשָׁנָה ׳שׁ Neh 3:6; Neh 12:39 (9) הַמִּזְרָךְ ׳שׁ Neh 3:29 (10) הַמַּטָּרָה ׳שׁ Neh 12:39 (11) ׳הַמָּ֑יִם שׁ Neh 8:1; Neh 8:3; Neh 8:16 (12) הַמַּיִם לַמִּזְרָ֑ח ׳שׁ Neh 3:26,compare Neh 12:37 (13) הַמִּפְקָ֑ד ׳שׁ Neh 3:31 (14) הָעַיִן ׳שׁ Neh 2:14; Neh 3:15; Neh 12:37 (15) הַסּוּסִים ׳שׁ Jer 31:40; Neh 3:28 (compare 3 b); (16) הַפִּנָּה ׳שׁ 2Kgs 14:13 || 2Chr 25:23 (read הַפִּנָּה for הַפּוֺנֶה), Jer 31:38; 2Chr 26:9 probably = הַפִּנִּים ׳שׁ Zech 14:10 (17) הַצּאֹן ׳שׁ Neh 3:1; Neh 3:32; Neh 12:39 (18) הָרִאשׁוֺן ׳שׁ Zech 14:10 — on sites and related to each other see RS-GASmEncy. Bib. JERUSALEM ConderHast. DB id. BuhlG 133 ff. BdPal. under the word MurrayHd. Bk, under the word BeRyNe p. 182 ff. GuZPV, especially v (1882). 7 ff. viii (1885), 245 ff. Comm.on the passage variant reading
  c. of Ezekiel's holy city, שַׁעֲרֵי הָעִיר Ezek 48:31, three on each side, named for tribes, vEzek 48:31 vEzek 48:31 vEzek 48:31 vEzek 48:31 + 12 t. Ezek 48.
2. a. gate = space inside gate, as public meeting-place, market 2Kgs 7:1; 2Kgs 7:18, place of public well 2Sam 23:15; 2Sam 23:16 = 1Chr 11:17; 1Chr 11:18, where elders, judges, king, sat officially Deut 21:19; Deut 22:15; Amos 5:12; Amos 5:15; Isa 29:21; 2Sam 18:24; 2Sam 19:9; 1Kgs 22:10 = 2Chr 18:9; Gen 19:1 (J) Prov 24:7; Job 5:4; Job 31:21; Ruth 4:1 (twice in verse); Prov 31:23; Prov 31:31, etc.; of conqueror Jer 1:15 apparently = ׳רְחוֺב שׁ Gen 19:2 (J) Neh 8:16; 1Chr 9:16 + (see I. ׳ר); Gen 34:20 (P) one came unto gate (בָּא אֶלֿ), so ׳בָּאֵי שׁ Gen 23:10; Gen 23:18 (P) those entering the gate, i.e. having citizens' rights; also went out (to), ׳יָצָא שׁ Job 29:7 (i.e., in this case, from his own house, outside the city), hence ׳כָּליֹֿצְאֵי שׁ Gen 34:24 (twice in verse) (P; compare also הוֺצִיא אֶלֿ Deut 21:19; Deut 22:15; Deut 22:24); hence = body of citizens, עַמִּי׳כָּלשֿׁ Ruth 3:11.
  b. hence also = city Isa 14:31 (|| עִיר), Ps 87:2, etc.
  c. specifically in Deuteronomy, בִּשְׁעָרֶיךָ in thy gates, i.e. thy cities, towns, etc., Deut 5:14 = Exod 20:10; Deut 12:12; Deut 12:15; Deut 12:17; Deut 12:21 + 22 t. Deuteronomy + 1Kgs 8:37 (read ׳בְּאַחַד שׁ, compare Deut 18:6; Deut 23:17, so ᵐ5 ᵑ6 modern), so || 2Chr 6:28, + (perhaps) Jer 14:2 (but Jer 15:7; Nah 3:13 figurative of gates as entrance to land); of private house, שַׁעֲרֵי צַדִּיק Prov 14:19 (perhaps compare Judg 18:16 1 a above).
3. a. gate of royal castle or palace 2Kgs 9:31; Jer 22:2; Jer 22:4; Neh 2:8; Esth 2:19 + 10 t. Esther; specifically (of king of Judah), סוּר ׳שׁ 2Kgs 11:6 = הַיְסוֺד ׳שׁ 2Chr 23:5 (see ׳ס, ׳יס), הָרָצִים ׳שׁ 2Kgs 11:19, ׳אַחַר הָר ׳הַשּׁ v2Kgs 11:6 ׳הַסּוּסִים בֵּית הַמּ ׳שׁ 2Chr 23:15 ( = ׳מְבוֺא הַסּ || 2Kgs 11:16); apparently of official residence, יְהוֺשֻׁעַ ׳פֶּתַח שׁ 2Kgs 23:8.
  b. of temple Jer 7:2 (twice in verse); 1Chr 9:23; 1Chr 16:42 + 12 t. Chronicles, including ׳שַׁעֲרֵי מַחֲנוֺת י 2Chr 31:2 (see מַחֲנֶה 1, p. 334), compare Ps 100:4; Ps 118:20, שַׁעֲרֵי צֶדֶק vPs 100:19 specifically בִּנְיָמִין הָעֶלְיוֺן ׳שׁ Jer 20:2, and (omit ׳בִּנְי) 2Kgs 15:35 = 2Chr 27:3; Ezek 9:2; 2Chr 23:20, הֶחָדָשׁ ׳(בֵּית) י ׳שׁ Jer 26:10; Jer 36:10, הַפְּנִימִית הַפּוֺנֶה ׳שׁ צָפוֺנָה Ezek 8:3 compare vEzek 8:14, Ezek 8:5, הַקַּדְמֹנִי ׳הַמִּזְבֵּחַ שַׁעַר בֵּית י ׳שׁ Ezek 10:19; Ezek 11:1 שַׁלֶּכֶת ׳שׁ 1Chr 26:16 שַׁעַר הַמֶּלֶח 1Chr 9:18.
  c. of Ezekiel's temple and courts Ezek 40:3; Ezek 40:6; Ezek 44:11; Ezek 44:17 + 67 t. Ezek 40-47.
  d. of court of tabernacle (P), הֶחָצֵר ׳שׁ Exod 27:16; Exod 35:17 + 6t. Exodus + Num 4:36.
4. figurative הַשָּׁמַיִם ׳זֶה שׁ Gen 28:17 (E; || בֵּית אֱלֹהִים); plural שַׁעֲרֵי שְׁאוֺל Isa 38:10 מָֿוֶת׳שׁ Job 38:17; Ps 9:14; Ps 107:18 צַלְמָוֶת ׳שׁ Job 38:17.

gate, gates, cities, city, door, …
šaʿar
an opening, i.e., door or gate
  • gate
    • gate (of entrance)
      • "gate (of space inside gate, i.e., marketplace, public meeting place)
      • city, town
      gate (of palace, royal castle, temple, court of tabernacle)"Heaven, Sheol (figuratively)

The cantillation accents are the Masoretes' punctuation: each group below ends at a pausing accent. Translate a group as one unit.
מַתַּנְיָ֧ה וּבַקְבֻּֽקְיָ֛ה Tevir — a lesser break עֹֽבַדְיָ֥ה מְשֻׁלָּ֖ם Tipeha — a lesser break טַלְמ֣וֹן עַקּ֑וּב Etnahta — the verse's main pause — take a breath here שֹֽׁמְרִ֤ים שֽׁוֹעֲרִים֙ Pashta — a lesser break מִשְׁמָ֔ר Zaqef Qatan — a strong break בַּֽאֲסֻפֵּ֖י Tipeha — a lesser break הַשְּׁעָרִֽים Silluq — end of the verse

מַתַּנְיָה וּבַקְבֻּֽקְיָה עֹֽבַדְיָה מְשֻׁלָּם טַלְמוֹן עַקּוּב שֹֽׁמְרִים שֽׁוֹעֲרִים מִשְׁמָר בַּֽאֲסֻפֵּי הַשְּׁעָרִֽים׃
25
Mattaniah, and Bakbukiah, Obadiah, Meshullam, Talmon, Akkub, were porters keeping the ward at the thresholds of the gates.
Cross References

Nehemiah 12:8

וְהַלְוִיִּם יֵשׁוּעַ בִּנּוּי קַדְמִיאֵל שֵׁרֵֽבְיָה יְהוּדָה מַתַּנְיָה עַֽל-הֻיְּדוֹת הוּא וְאֶחָֽיו׃
8
Moreover the Levites: Jeshua, Binnui, Kadmiel, Sherebiah, Judah, and Mattaniah, which was over the thanksgiving, he and his brethren.

1 Chronicles 9:14

וּמִֽן-הַלְוִיִּם שְׁמַֽעְיָה בֶן-חַשּׁוּב בֶּן-עַזְרִיקָם בֶּן-חֲשַׁבְיָה מִן-בְּנֵי מְרָרִֽי׃
14
And of the Levites; Shemaiah the son of Hasshub, the son of Azrikam, the son of Hashabiah, of the sons of Merari;

1 Chronicles 23:32

וְשָֽׁמְרוּ אֶת-מִשְׁמֶרֶת אֹֽהֶל-מוֹעֵד וְאֵת מִשְׁמֶרֶת הַקֹּדֶשׁ וּמִשְׁמֶרֶת בְּנֵי אַֽהֲרֹן אֲחֵיהֶם לַֽעֲבֹדַת בֵּית יְהוָֽה׃
32
And that they should keep the charge of the tabernacle of the congregation, and the charge of the holy place, and the charge of the sons of Aaron their brethren, in the service of the house of the LORD.

Isaiah 21:8

וַיִּקְרָא אַרְיֵה עַל-מִצְפֶּה׀ אֲדֹנָי אָנֹכִי עֹמֵד תָּמִיד יוֹמָם וְעַל-מִשְׁמַרְתִּי אָנֹכִי נִצָּב כָּל-הַלֵּילֽוֹת׃
8
And he cried, A lion: My lord, I stand continually upon the watchtower in the daytime, and I am set in my ward whole nights:

Nehemiah 11:17

וּמַתַּנְיָה בֶן-מִיכָה בֶּן-זַבְדִּי בֶן-אָסָף רֹאשׁ הַתְּחִלָּה יְהוֹדֶה לַתְּפִלָּה וּבַקְבֻּקְיָה מִשְׁנֶה מֵֽאֶחָיו וְעַבְדָּא בֶּן-שַׁמּוּעַ בֶּן-גָּלָל בֶּן-‫(ידיתון)‬ יְדוּתֽוּן׃
17
And Mattaniah the son of Micha, the son of Zabdi, the son of Asaph, was the principal to begin the thanksgiving in prayer: and Bakbukiah the second among his brethren, and Abda the son of Shammua, the son of Galal, the son of Jeduthun.

1 Chronicles 26:15

לְעֹבֵד אֱדֹם נֶגְבָּה וּלְבָנָיו בֵּית הָֽאֲסֻפִּֽים׃
15
To Obed-edom southward; and to his sons the house of Asuppim.

1 Chronicles 26:12

לְאֵלֶּה מַחְלְקוֹת הַשֹּֽׁעֲרִים לְרָאשֵׁי הַגְּבָרִים מִשְׁמָרוֹת לְעֻמַּת אֲחֵיהֶם לְשָׁרֵת בְּבֵית יְהוָֽה׃
12
Among these were the divisions of the porters, even among the chief men, having wards one against another, to minister in the house of the LORD.
Nehemiah 12:24
Read Nehemiah 12
Nehemiah 12:26