Nehemiah 5:16

וְ ֠גַם

וְ

Prefix — connector and (sometimes: but, so, then)

֠גַם

Particle indeed, surely

Dictionary form: גַּם · ɡahm

Particle — Affirmation

In the KJV here: yea also

also ×287 and also ×60 yea ×51 and ×42 even ×38 both ×25 moreover ×21 likewise ×14

More options

also — Default additive use; broadly applicable in most contexts.

even — Use for emphasis or surprise; intensifies the following word.

too — Informal additive; natural at the end of a clause.

moreover — Adds a stronger, cumulative point; slightly formal register.

likewise — Signals parallel action or similarity between two parties.

indeed — Affirming or intensifying; suits emphatic or asseverative contexts.

BDB1688 H1571

גַּם₇₆₈ adverb denoting addition, also, moreover, yea (Moabite id., also Zinjirli (Lzb²⁵⁰ Cooke¹⁶⁶); probably akin to √ ; compare (accusative) in a mass, altogether) —

1. also, moreover, emphasizing sometimes the thought of an entire sentence, but more usually the word immediately following, as Gen 3:6 וַתִּתֵּן גַּם לְאִישָׁהּ and gave also to her husband, vGen 3:27 and take also of the tree of life, Gen 7:3; Gen 19:21; Gen 24:19; Gen 26:21; Gen 29:27; Gen 30:15; Gen 32:21 (גַּם הִגֵּה ֗֗֗ : so Esth 7:9) Gen 48:11; Exod 8:28; Exod 12:32b Deut 1:37; 1Sam 28:20; 2Sam 11:12; 2Kgs 9:27; Isa 7:13 +. Often before pronouns, Gen 4:4 וְהֶבֶל הֵבִיא גַם הוּא and Abel, he also brought, Gen 20:5 וְהִיאגַֿםהִֿוא (so only here) and she herself also, vGen 20:6; Gen 27:31 וַיַּעַשׂ גַּם הוּא, Gen 30:8; Deut 3:20; Judg 3:31; Judg 6:35; Judg 9:19; 1Sam 19:20-24; Jer 12:6; Jer 48:26 etc. (compare MI⁶ ויאמר גם הא): especially in genealogies of J (Bu^{Urg. 220}) Gen 4:22; Gen 4:26; Gen 10:21; Gen 19:38; Gen 22:20; Gen 22:24 compare Judg 8:31. גַּם followed by pronoun also begins a sentence with emphasis in an elevated style, thou (they) also, Isa 14:10; Jer 12:6 (twice in verse); Jer 48:7; Ezek 16:52; Nah 3:11 (twice in verse). After a pronoun in an oblique case (Ges^{«GKC:135»§ 135}, 2) Gen 27:34; 1Sam 19:23; 2Sam 17:5; Jer 25:14; Jer 27:7 +. וְגַם and also (more often than גַּם alone attaching a sentence) Gen 6:4; Gen 14:16; Gen 15:14; Gen 17:16; Gen 20:12; Gen 24:14; Gen 24:46; Gen 30:6; Gen 37:7; Gen 38:24; Gen 42:28; Exod 2:19; Exod 3:9; Exod 4:14; Josh 7:11 (5 t.) 1Sam 4:17; 1Kgs 21:19 + often; with a negative = neither Exod 5:2; Exod 34:3 and elsewhere — גַּם ֗֗֗ גַּם (like et ... et) both ... and Gen 44:16; Gen 47:3; Gen 47:19; Num 18:3; Jer 51:12; Ps 49:3 +: גַּם ֗֗֗ גַּם ֗֗֗ גַּם Gen 24:25; Judg 8:22; Eccl 9:6: with a negative neither ... nor Num 23:25; 1Sam 20:27; 1Kgs 3:26, and (3 t.) Gen 43:8; Exod 4:10; 1Sam 28:6. So (but seldom) גַּםוְ֗֗֗גַם Gen 24:44; Gen 1:26; Gen 12:14; Gen 26:25: with negative 1Sam 21:9. —

N.B. In poetry independence and emphasis is sometimes given by גַּם to a new idea, where in English we should be satisfied with and: Ps 107:5; Ps 137:1; Job 24:19; Song 7:14; Lam 4:15.

2. with stress on a particular word, even, Exod 4:9; Num 22:33 גַּם אוֺתְךָ even thee I had slain, and kept her alive, 2Sam 17:10; Jer 2:33; Ps 132:12; Prov 14:13 even in laughter the heart is sorrowful, vProv 14:20; Prov 17:28; Prov 20:11; Ruth 2:15; Neh 3:35 and so often after כִּי, Deut 12:31 for even their sons they burn in the fire to their gods, 1Sam 22:17; Isa 26:12; Jer 6:11; Jer 12:6; Jer 14:5; Hos 9:12 כִּיגַֿםאֿוֺי לָהֶם for even woe is it to them when I depart from them; הֲגַם Gen 16:13; 1Sam 10:11; 1Sam 10:12 = 1Sam 19:24; 1Kgs 17:20; Ps 78:20; Job 41:1; Esth 7:8. Other cases: — 1Sam 24:12 רְאֵה גַּם רְאֵה see, yea see ! (but Hup^{Qu. Job vi.} גַּם רָאֹה: compare below) Ps 118:11; Job 2:10 גַּם אֶתהַֿטּוֺב נְקַבֵּל shall we receive good (emphatic) from God and not evil ? Job 21:7 interposed once between a substantive and adjective Gen 20:4 gentemne etiam justam interficies? emphasizing כֹּל, Deut 28:61; Judg 9:49b 1Sam 22:7 גַּםֿ לְכֻלְּכֶם to all (emphatic) of you will he give ...? 2Sam 19:31 גַּם אֶתהַֿכֹּל יִקָּ֑ח yea, the whole let him take! Isa 26:12 אֶחָד 2Sam 17:12b and we will not leave גַּם אֶחָד ֗֗֗ even one (similarly v2Sam 17:13 b), Ps 14:3 (= Ps 53:4) אֵין גַּם אֶחָד; an infinitive or cognate accusative attached to a verb, Gen 31:15; Gen 46:4; Num 11:15; Num 16:13; 1Sam 1:6. גַּם שְׁנֵיהֶם literally even both i.e. the one as well as the other (German alle beide) is said idiomatically, Gen 27:45 (שְׁנֵיכֶם), Deut 22:22; Deut 23:19; 1Sam 25:43 (שְׁתֵּיהֶן), Prov 17:15; Prov 20:10; Prov 20:12; Ruth 1:5.

3. introducing a climax, yea, especially in a rhetorical style, Gen 27:33; Deut 23:3; Deut 23:4; Judg 5:4 (twice in verse); Isa 13:3; Isa 14:8; Isa 43:13 yea, from to-day I am the same, Isa 44:12 גַּם רָעֵב yea, he is hungry, and has no strength, Isa 47:3; Isa 48:8 (3 t. in verse); Isa 57:7; Jer 46:16; Jer 48:2; Jer 51:44; Hos 7:9; Ps 41:10; Ps 84:7; Ps 139:12; Isa 66:8 כִּיחָֿ֫לָה גַּםיָָֽֿלְדָה, צִיּוֺן אֶתבָּֿנֶיהָ, Jer 5:28; Jer 12:2; Ezek 24:5; Job 21:7; Song 8:1: emphasizing an extreme, or aggravated, case, yea, even, Isa 49:15 yea, these may forgot, Jer 8:17 yea, the stork knoweth, etc., Isa 23:12 גַּם שָׁם even there no rest shall be for thee (so Ps 139:10), Isa 49:25; Isa 57:6; Jer 23:11b; Mal 3:15; Ps 84:4.

4. expressing correspondence, especially in the matter of retribution (the גַּם correlativum), so frequently גַּם אֲנִי, גַּם אָנֹכִי I also (on my part): — Gen 20:6 I also [as well as thyself] know that thou hast done this innocently, Josh 24:18; Judg 2:21; 1Sam 1:28 (compare Dr) 1Sam 28:22 גַּם אַתָּה thou also (as I have done v1Sam 28:21), 2Sam 12:13 ׳י also [responding to thy confession] hath removed thy sin, 2Kgs 2:3; 2Kgs 2:5; Isa 31:2; Isa 66:3-4 (גם ֗֗֗ גם, emphasizing the action of both parties), Jer 2:36; Jer 4:12 now will I also [in correspondence with their deeds] speak judgments with them, Jer 7:11; Jer 51:49 (גם ֗֗֗ גם), Ezek 5:8; Ezek 5:11; Ezek 16:43 (וְגַם = therefore also), Ezek 23:35; Hos 4:6 because thou hast forgotten the direction of thy God, I also (on my part) will forget thy children, Ps 52:7 (thou lovest evil, etc.) גַּם אֵל יִתָּצְךָ God also (on his part) will pluck thee up, Ps 71:22; Ps 133:1; Prov 1:26; Job 7:11; Job 12:3; Job 16:4 so וְגַם Judg 2:3; Amos 4:6; Amos 4:7; Mic 6:13; Mal 2:9. In the apodosis (uncommon): Gen 13:16 if a man could number the dust of the earth, גַּם זַרְעֲךָ יִמָּנֶה thy seed also should be numbered, Jer 31:36; Jer 31:37; Jer 33:21; Jer 33:26; Zech 8:6. The correspondence is sometimes of the nature of a climax: Gen 27:33; Gen 30:8 I have wrestled, גַּם יָכֹלְתִּי (compare 1Kgs 22:22 וְגַם תּוּכָ֔ל, Jer 50:24), Isa 66:8.

5. connecting two ideas which express (or imply) a contradiction, גַּם acquires sometimes an adversative force (compare אַף 1 end), yet, but, though: Ps 95:9 they tried me, but also (Che) saw my work (namely of judgment), Ps 129:2; Jer 6:15 = Jer 8:12; Ezek 20:23; Eccl 4:8; Eccl 4:16; Eccl 5:18; Neh 6:1. So וְגַם Ezek 16:28; Ezek 20:15; Eccl 3:13; Eccl 6:7; Neh 5:8.

6. גַּם כִּי (with imperfect) yea, when Lam 3:8, even when Prov 22:6 yea though (stating an imagined case) Isa 1:15; Hos 8:10; Hos 9:16; Ps 23:4 (so גַּם אִם Eccl 8:17); also (is it) that Ruth 2:21 (see כִּי 1 d). כִּי גַם = for even (see above 2); = though even, although (conceding a fact) Eccl 4:14 (see De) Eccl 8:12.

also, yea, even, and, both, …

gam

properly, assemblage; used only adverbially also, even, yea, though; often repeated as correl. both...and

also, even, indeed, moreover, yea

also, moreover (giving emphasis)

בִּ מְלֶ֜אכֶת

בִּ

Prefix — preposition in, at, by, with

מְלֶ֜אכֶת

Root word work, business, workmanship, workmen, works, …

Dictionary form: מְלָאכָה · meh-law-KAW

Noun — Common, feminine singular, construct state "___ of …" — bound to the next word

In the KJV here: in the work

the work ×37 work ×31 in the work ×7 of work ×7 his work ×6 business ×5 of the work ×5 any work ×4

More options

work — Modernized from KJV; broadest and most versatile option.

task — Emphasizes a specific, assigned duty or job.

occupation — Best when referring to a regular trade or vocation.

craft — Highlights skilled or artisanal workmanship.

business — Suits commercial or administrative contexts.

goods — Use when מְלָאכָה refers to physical property or belongings.

BDB4281 H4399

מְלָאכָה₁₆₇ noun feminine occupation, work (for *מַלְאָכָה; compare Phoenician מלאכת labour) — ׳מ Exod 12:16 + 102 t.; מְלָ֑אכֶת 2Chr 13:10 construct מְלֶאכֶת Exod 35:24 + 42 t.; suffix מְלַאכְתְּךָ Jonah 1:8 מְלַאכְתֶּ֑ךָ Exod 20:9 + 2 t.; מְלַאכְתּוֺ Gen 2:2 + 13 t.; plural construct מַלְאֲכוֺת 1Chr 28:19 suffix מַלְאֲכוֺתֶיךָ Ps 73:28 —

1. occupation, business, מַה מְּלַאכְתְּךָ what is thy occupation Jonah 1:8 business of a steward Gen 39:11 (J); diligent in business Prov 22:29 slack in business Prov 18:9.

2. property in which one is occupied, רעהוּ ׳מ his neighbour's property Exod 22:7; Exod 22:10 (E); possessions of herds and flocks Gen 33:14 (J), 1Sam 15:9 (compare מִקְנֶה); רבה ׳מ great property 2Chr 17:13.

3. work as something done or made:
a. of God in creation Gen 2:2 (twice in verse); Gen 2:3 (P), in judgment Jer 50:25, in general Ps 73:28.
b. of men, עור ׳מ leather-work Lev 13:48; Lev 13:51 (P), השׂדה ׳מ work in the field 1Chr 27:26 in building Prov 24:27 +, the walls of Jerusalem Neh 4:5 +, making the tabernacle and its furniture Exod 36:2 +, the temple 1Kgs 5:30 +; work of the potter Jer 18:3, of the seaman Ps 107:23, of the Levites 1Chr 26:29, of priests in the sacrifices 2Chr 29:34 מְלָאכֶת (ה)עֲבֹדָה phrase of P, Exod 35:24; Exod 36:1; Exod 36:3; Lev 23:7; Lev 23:8; Lev 23:21; Lev 23:25; Lev 23:35; Lev 23:36; Num 28:18; Num 28:25; Num 28:26; Num 29:1; Num 29:12; Num 29:35 also 1Chr 9:13; 1Chr 9:19; 1Chr 28:13; 1Chr 28:20; 2Chr 24:12 לעבדה ׳המ 1Chr 23:24 ׳עבדה למ Exod 36:5 (P); compare the phrase ׳עֹשֵׂה המ workmen Ezra 3:9; Neh 2:16 ׳עֹשִׂים במ 1Kgs 5:30; 1Kgs 9:23 +; ׳כל מ any work forbidden on the Sabbath Exod 20:9; Exod 20:10; Lev 23:3 (P) Deut 5:13; Deut 5:14; Jer 17:22; Jer 17:24 on holy convocations Exod 12:16; Lev 16:29; Lev 23:28; Lev 23:30; Lev 23:31; Num 29:7 (P).

4. workmanship, כל מלאכה in every kind of workmanship, phrase of P: Exod 31:3; Exod 31:5; Exod 35:29; Exod 35:31; Exod 35:33; Exod 35:35 and Chronicles: 1Chr 22:15; 1Chr 28:21; 1Chr 29:5; 1Kgs 7:14.

5. service, use Lev 7:24; Lev 11:32; Judg 16:11; Ezek 28:13.

6. public business:
a. political 1Kgs 11:28; 1Chr 29:6; Dan 8:27; Esth 3:9; Esth 9:3.
b. religious, putting away foreign wives Ezra 10:13 יהוה ׳מ 1Chr 26:30 הַקֹּדֶשׁ׳מ Exod 36:4; Exod 38:24 (P), קדשׁ הקדשׁים ׳מ 1Chr 6:34 אהל ׳מ מועד Exod 35:21 (P), ׳בית י ׳מ 1Chr 23:4; Ezra 3:8; Ezra 6:22; Neh 10:34; Neh 11:22.

work, business, workmanship, workmen, works, …

mĕlāʾkâ

properly, deputyship, i.e., ministry; generally, employment (never servile) or work (abstractly or concretely); also property (as the result of labor)

occupation, work, business

occupation, business

political

הַ ֽחוֹמָ֤ה

הַ

Prefix — article the

ֽחוֹמָ֤ה

Root word wall, walls, walled

Dictionary form: חוֹמָה · hoh-MAW

Noun — Common, feminine singular, absolute state

In the KJV here: wall

the wall ×42 wall ×12 the walls ×11 and the wall ×7 thy walls ×7 walls ×6 a wall ×4 on the wall ×4

More options

wall — Standard, neutral term; fits most contexts.

city wall — Clarifies defensive, urban context when needed.

rampart — Elevated register; emphasizes military fortification.

fortification — Broader term; stresses defensive purpose over structure.

battlements — Use when the top or parapet of the wall is in view.

perimeter wall — Useful for enclosure walls around towns or temple complex.

BDB2849 H2346

חוֺמָה₁₃₃ noun feminine wall (as protection; construct חמת MI^{21; 21}) — absolute ׳ח Lev 25:29 + 59 t. (including לְהַחוֺמָה Neh 12:38); חֹמָה Exod 14:29 + 8 t.; construct חוֺמַת Josh 6:5 + 28 t.; suffix חוֺמָתָהּ Nah 2:6; Nah 3:8 pl, absolute חוֺמוֺת 2Chr 8:5; Isa 26:1 חֹמוֺת Song 5:7 construct חוֺמוֺת Ps 51:20 חוֺמֹת 2Kgs 25:10 + 9 t.; suffix חוֺמֹתַי Isa 56:5 חֹמֹתֶיךָ Deut 28:52; Isa 25:12 חוֺמוֺתַיִךְ Ezek 26:10; Ezek 26:12; Ezek 27:11 (twice in verse); חוֺמֹתַיִךְ Isa 49:16 + 2 t.; חֹמֹתַיִךְ Isa 60:10 חֹמוֺתָ֑יִךְ Ezek 26:9 חוֺמוֺתֶיהָ Jer 50:15 חוֺמֹתֶיהָ Ps 55:11; Jer 1:15 dual חוֺמֹתַיִם Isa 22:11 חֹמֹתַיִם 2Kgs 25:4 = Jer 52:7 חֹמֹתָ֑יִם Jer 39:4 (on form see Ol^{§ 113 a}); —

1. usually term for wall of city Deut 28:52; Josh 2:15; Josh 6:5; Josh 6:20 (all J E), 1Sam 31:10; 1Sam 31:12; 2Sam 11:20; 2Sam 11:21 (twice in verse); 2Kgs 18:26; 2Kgs 18:27 = Isa 36:11; Isa 36:12; Isa 1:10; Isa 1:14; Isa 20:10; Isa 20:11; Isa 25:12; Nah 2:6; Nah 3:8; +, Jer 1:15 +, Joel 2:7; Joel 2:9 בֵּין הַחֹמֹתַיִם (of Jerusalem) i.e. between the two walls of the Ophel and the southwest hill respectively, of a reservoir Isa 22:11, a gate 2Kgs 25:4 = Jer 34:4 = Jer 52:7 symbol of Israel, Amos 7:7; 2Chr 8:5; 2Chr 14:6; 2Chr 25:23; 2Chr 26:6 (3 t. in verse); Ps 51:20; Neh 1:3 + 31 t. in Nehemiah; חוֺמַת אֲנָךְ Amos 7:7 (literally wall of a plummet) is of doubtful meaning: a wall built plumb, or by means of a plumb-line ? We thinks unintelligible; עִיר חוֺמָה = walled city, Lev 25:29, ׳עִיר אשׁר לֹא ח vLev 25:30 (לֹא = לוֺ), opposed to ׳הַחֲצֵרִים אשׁר אין להם ח vLev 25:31 (all H); more elaborately גְבֹהָה דְּלָתַיִם וּבְרִ֑יחַ ׳עָרִים בְּצֻרֹת ח Deut 3:5, compare 2Chr 8:5 גְּדֹלוֺת חוֺמָה וּבְרִיחַ נְחשֶׁת ׳ע 1Kgs 4:13 ׳בְצוּרָה ח Isa 2:15 ׳ח singular of wall of Jerusalem 1Kgs 3:1 + often; contempt. חוֺמַת אַבְנֵיהֶם Neh 3:35 less often plural Neh 2:13 +; of specific portions of wall הָעֹפֶל ׳ח 2Chr 27:3; Neh 3:27 בְּרֵבַת הַשֶּׁלַח ׳ח Neh 3:15 ׳הַח הָֽרְחָבָה Neh 3:8; Neh 12:38 also (generally) of Babylon Jer 51:58. — Men build, בנה, the ׳ח 1Kgs 9:15 +, especially (of rebuilding), Neh 2:17 +; fortify it בִּצֵּר Isa 22:10 it is joined together קשׁר Neh 3:38 is repaired ׳עָֽלְתָה אֲרוּכָה לְח Neh 4:1 it falls נפל Josh 6:5; Josh 6:20; 1Kgs 20:30; Ezek 38:20 the enemy makes it fall הִפִּיל 2Sam 20:15 (preceded by מַשְׁחִית si vera lectio, see Dr); destroys it הִשְׁחִית Lam 2:8 שִׁהֵת Ezek 26:4 makes a breach in it ׳פָּרַץ בּ 2Kgs 14:13 = 2Chr 25:23, compare פרץ with accusative 2Chr 26:6; Neh 3:35, and ׳וֶיִּבֶן אֶתכֿלהֿח הַפְּרוּצָה 2Chr 32:5 also (in simile) ׳עִיר פְּרוּצָה ואין ח Prov 25:28 and Punic participle מְפֹרָ֑צֶת Neh 1:3 one breakes it down נָתַץ 2Kgs 25:10; 2Chr 36:19; Jer 39:8; Jer 52:14 tears it down הָרַס Ezek 26:12, compare passive Jer 50:15 Amos predicts that ׳י will send fire into wall (of Gaza, etc.): ׳וְשִׁלַּחְתִּי אֵשׁ בְּח Amos 1:7; Amos 1:10 or kindle fire in ׳וְהִצַּתִּי אֵשׁ בְּח vAmos 1:14, so Jer 49:27.

2. wall of a building:
a. citadel, fortress; ארמנותיה ׳ח Lam 2:7.
b. surrounding new temple Ezek 40:5; Ezek 42:20.

3. figurative of waters of Red Sea Exod 14:22; Exod 14:29 (P), compare Nah 3:8 of David's men as protectors of Nabal's shepherds 1Sam 25:16 of prophet as object of assault חוֺמַת נְחשֶׁת Jer 1:18 נחשׁת בְּצוּרָה ׳ח Jer 15:20 of strong, virtuous woman Song 8:9; Song 8:10 of salvation, יְשׁוּעָה, as defence Isa 26:1 (|| חֵל); of ׳י himself ׳ח אֵשׁ Zech 2:9 a dangerous political scheme is called breach in נִשְׁגָּבָה ׳ח Isa 30:13 נִשְׂגָּבָה ׳ח in simile of wealth Prov 18:11 (|| קִרְיַת עֻזּוֺ); a reckless man is ׳עִיר פְּרוּצָה אֵין ח Prov 25:28.

wall, walls, walled

ḥômâ

a wall of protection

wall

Breakdown unavailable for this word. Dictionary form: זֹאת · dzote

Noun — feminine singular

In the KJV here: of this

this ×337 of this ×38 and this ×32 in this ×22 is this ×16 and thus ×8 these ×8 thus ×6

More options

this — Default demonstrative; suits most contexts naturally.

this thing — Adds nominal weight when זֹאת stands alone as subject.

such — Use when emphasizing quality or kind rather than identity.

that — Prefer when pointing back to something already mentioned.

thus — Adverbial use; signals manner or result in narrative.

it — Pronoun substitute when referent is clear from context.

BDB2264 H2063

זֹאת pronoun feminine see זֶה.

BDB2289 H2063

זֶה demonstrative pronoun and adverb; feminine זֹאת, once זֹאתָה, Jer 26:6 Kt (also זֹה and זוֺ, q. v.); common זוּ (q. v.): this, here (the element ז = = is widely diffused in the Semitic languages, as a demonstrative particle, often acquiring, like English that, German der, die, das, the force of a relative. Thus
a. Phoenician זֶ this (e.g. קבר ז this grave), also sometimes זן, feminine זא, comm. אז (see CIS I. i. 1:4; 1:5; 1:6; 1:12; 44:1; 88:2 etc.); Aramaic of Nineveh, Babylon, Têma, Egypt, זי as mark of the genitive [literally that of] (CIS II. i. 1, 2, 3, 4, etc., 65, 69-71, 113, 114, 141, 142, etc.), זנה this (ib. 113:22; 145 C²), feminine זא 113:15; 145 B⁵; Aramaic of Zinjirli ז, זן, זנה this, זי which (DHM^{Sendsch. 56}); Ethiopic ze, this, feminine z¹, za, who (masculine), also (like זִי, and דִּי, דְּ [see below]) in common use as a mark of the genitive;
b. Arabic this, feminine , (genitive , accusative , feminine ), possessor of (literally that of . . ., i.e. one who owns), or in the Tayyite dialect, who, which: from , with lo! prefixed, this, feminine , with the pronominal element -k affixed, = this: with 'al (= the article) + a demonstrative element la prefixed, who, which (in origin = Hebrew הַלָּזֶה this, q. v.); Sabean דֿן this, feminine דֿת, דֿ who, which, feminine דֿת (Prä^{ZMG. 1872, 419}, DHM^{ZMG. 1883, 338 f.}, also^{Epigr. Denkm. 65});
c. Biblical Aramaic דִּי which, דֵּךְ, דִּכֵּן, דְּנָה (q. v.) this, feminine דָּא (= זֹאת), דָּךְ; Palmyrene and Nabataean די which, דנה this; ᵑ7 דְּ which, דֵּין, דֵּיכֵּי this, feminine דָּא; with הא lo! prefixed, הָדֵין, הָדָא (Syriac , contracted from ), ; Syriac who, which; Samaritan who, which, this, feminine Mandean ד who, which, דהֿ this (rare), more commonly האדין, האזין (Nö^{Mand § 80, 81}). Alike in Hebrew and the other dialects, the corresponding plur. is derived from a different source: Hebrew אֵלָּה, Phoenician אל, Ethiopic 'ell¥, 'ell¹, these, 'ella, who, Arabic , these, , owners of, Sabean אלן these, אל, אלי who, which, Aramaic אִלֵּין, with הא lo! prefixed, , Samaritan , Mandean עלין. Only the Arabic forms its own plural . V. further W^{SG 107 ff.}) —

1. standing alone:
a. this one, sometimes contemptuously (especially with אֵת), Gen 2:23 לָזֹאת יִקָּרֵא אִשָּׁה כִּי מֵאִישׁ לֻקֳּחָהזּֿאֹת, Gen 5:29 זֶה יְנַחֲמֵנוּ ֗֗֗ , Gen 12:12; Gen 38:28; Exod 10:7 עַד מָתַי יִהְיֶה זֶה לָנוּ לְמוֺקֵשׁ, 1Sam 10:27 מַה יּוֺשִׁיעֵנוּ זֶה how shall this man save us ? 1Sam 16:8; 1Sam 16:9; 1Sam 21:16 that ye have brought אֶתזֶֿה this fellow to play the madman against me ? 1Sam 25:21 in vain have I kept אֶתכָּֿלאֲֿשֶׁר לָזֶה all that this fellow hath etc. 2Sam 13:17 אֶתזֹֿאת, 1Kgs 22:27 אֶתזֶֿה, Mic 5:4; Isa 66:2 as a genitive, Gen 29:27; Gen 29:28; 1Kgs 21:2 with a collective force Lev 11:4; Lev 11:9 (= Deut 14:7; Deut 14:9), vDeut 14:21 vDeut 14:29; Judg 20:16; Judg 20:17 (כָּלזֶֿה), Job 19:19 (with a plural verb). In a purely neuter sense (of an act, event, announcement, etc.) זאת is most common, as with עשׂה to do this Gen 3:14; Gen 20:5; Gen 20:6; Gen 45:19 and often, שׁמעו זאת Amos 8:4; Isa 47:8; Isa 48:1; Isa 48:16; Isa 51:21 and elsewhere; Gen 41:39; Exod 17:14; Deut 32:6; Judg 7:14; Judg 21:3 לָמָההָֽ֗֗֗יְתָה זֹאת (compare Job 1:13; Ps 118:23) 1Kgs 11:39; 2Sam 7:19; 2Kgs 3:18 +; אֵין זֹאת 1Sam 20:2b compare Amos 2:11 rarely so with אֶתֿ Josh 22:24; Jer 9:11; Ps 92:7 as an accusative of limitation, as regards this, in this, Ezek 20:27; Ezek 36:37; Job 19:26 (si vera lectio), Job 33:12 in this thou art not just; (late) אַחֲרֵי זֹאת Job 42:16; Ezra 9:10, כלזֿאת ׳א 2Chr 21:18; 2Chr 35:20 pointing forward to a following clause, Gen 42:18; Gen 43:11; Num 8:24; Num 14:35; Isa 56:2; Job 10:13 etc.; Exod 9:16; 1Sam 25:31; Isa 1:12 מִי דִקֵּשׁ זאת מִיֶּדְכֶם רְמֹס חֲצֵרָֽי׃; to one introduced by כִּי 2Sam 19:22; Ps 102:19; Ps 119:50; Ps 119:56 (see also בְּזֹאת 6 b β): but זֶה also sometimes occurs similarly Exod 13:8; Prov 24:12; Job 15:17; Neh 2:2; Eccl 1:17; Eccl 2:15 גם זה הבל (so vEccl 2:19 vEccl 2:21 vEccl 2:23 +), Eccl 7:18 (twice in verse); of a concrete object, Exod 30:31; 2Kgs 4:43 מָה אֶתֵּן זֶה לִפְנֵי מֵאָה אִישׁ: in late Hebrew, Neh 13:6 בְּכָלזֶֿה during all this, 2Chr 32:9 אַחַר זֶה; pointing forwards la 2Chr 5:17 f., to כִּי Ps 56:10 je Ps 22:21. (See also below, 6 g.)
b. repeated זֶהזֶ֗֗֗ה, this . . . that, the one . . . the other or (if indefinite) another, Gen 29:27 (זֹאת), Exod 14:20 וְלֹא קָרַב זֶה אֶל זֶה, 1Kgs 3:23; 1Kgs 22:20; Isa 6:3; Isa 44:5 (3 t.), Ps 75:8 זֶה יַשְׁפִּיל וְזֶה יָרִים, Job 1:16-18; Job 21:23; Job 21:25 +.

2. In apposition to a substantive:
a. preceding it (rare) Exod 32:1; Exod 32:23 זֶה משֶׁה, Judg 5:5 (= Ps 68:9) זֶה סִינַי this Sinai, Josh 9:12 זֶה לַחְמֵנוּ this our bread, 1Kgs 14:14; 2Kgs 6:33; Isa 23:13 זֶה הָעָם, Ps 34:7; Ps 49:14; Ps 104:25 ׳זה הים גדול וג this sea there is great and broad, Ps 118:20; Song 7:8; Ezra 3:12. (compare זוּ Hab 1:11.)
b. following it: — (a) when the substantive is determined by a pronominal affix, Gen 24:8 שְׁבוּעָתִי זֹאת, this my oath, Deut 5:16 O that לְבָבָם זֶה this their heart (their present temper) might continue always! Deut 21:20; Josh 2:14; Josh 2:20 דְּבָרֵנוּ זֶה, Judg 6:14 go בְּכֹחֲךָ זֶה in this thy strength, Dan 10:17; 2Chr 24:18. (compare אֵלֶּה,
a.) Rarely when it is undetermined, 2Kgs 1:2 חֳלִי זֶה (so 2Kgs 8:8; 2Kgs 8:9), Ps 80:15 (β) with the article, הַזֶּה, הַזּאֹת, after a substantive determined also by the article, Gen 7:1 בַּדּוֺר הַזֶּה, vGen 7:13 הַיּוֺם הַזֶּה, Gen 12:7 הָאָרֶץ הַזּאֹת, Gen 15:7; Gen 17:21; Gen 17:23; Deut 4:6 הגוי הגדול הזה, and continually. Not however after a proper name, except such as are construed with the article, as הַיַּרְדֵּן הַזֶּה Gen 32:11; Deut 3:27; Deut 31:2; Josh 1:2; Josh 1:11; Josh 4:22, הַלְּבָנוֺן הַזֶּה Josh 1:4, compare Num 27:12 = Deut 32:49 (2Kgs 5:20 הַזֶּה belongs to הָאֲרַמִּי): and hardly ever (2Chr 1:10 after a noun with a pronominal affix (Josh 2:17 מִשְּׁבֻעָתֵךְ הַזֶּה the gender of הזה shews that the text is in error: see Dr^{§ 209} Obs.).

3. More oft. as predicate, as 1Sam 24:17 הֲקוֺלְךָ זֶה, 2Kgs 3:23 דָּם זֶה this is blood, 2Kgs 9:37 זֹאת אִיזָָֽבֶל׃, Ezek 5:5 etc.; הֲזֶה Isa 14:16, הֲזֹאת Isa 23:7; Lam 2:15 often at the beginning or close of enumerations (especially P), descriptions, injunctions, etc., as Gen 5:1 זה ספר this is the book . . ., Gen 9:12 זֹאת אוֺת הַבְּרִית, Gen 17:10; Gen 20:13 זֶה חַסְדֵּךְ אֲשֶׁר תַּעֲשִׂי עִמָּדִי, Lev 6:2; Lev 6:13; Lev 6:18; Lev 7:1; Lev 7:11; Lev 33:1; etc.; זה הדבר אשׁר ֗֗֗ Exod 16:16; Exod 35:4; Exod 21:11; Jer 38:21 +, compare זה אשׁר ֗֗֗ this is what (or how) . . . Gen 6:15; Exod 29:38; Jer 33:16 זֶה לְךָ הָאוֺת Exod 3:12; 1Sam 2:34 +; at the end, Lev 7:37; Lev 11:46; Lev 13:50; Num 5:21; Num 7:17; Num 7:23 etc., Josh 19:8; Josh 19:16; Josh 19:23 etc., Isa 14:26; Isa 16:13 (זֶה הַדָּבָר אֲשֶׁר ֗֗֗ ), Isa 17:14; Isa 54:17; Jer 13:25; Ps 109:20; Song 5:16 (twice in verse); Job 5:27, in the latter case sometimes with the force of such (i.e. such as has been described), Job 18:21; Job 20:29 (compare אֵלֶּה Ps 73:12), Ps 24:6; Ps 48:15 such (= such a one) is God, our God, for ever (Hi De) Zeph 2:15 compare Job 14:3 אַףעַֿלזֶֿה upon one such as this (Job 14:1 vJob 14:2) dost thou open thy eyes?

4. It is attached enclitically, almost as an adverb, to certain words, especially interrogative pronouns, to impart, in a manner often not reproducible in English idiom, directness and force, bringing the question or statement made into close relation with the speaker. (Contrast from this point of view מי זה and מי הוא: see הוא 4 b. Thus
a. אֵיזֶֿה₁₅ where, then ? Job 28:12 אֵיזֶֿה מְקוֺם בִּינָה, vJob 28:20; Job 38:19 b (see other examples below אַי 1 b, p. 32).
b. מִיזֶֿה, 1Sam 17:55; 1Sam 17:56 בֶּןמִֿיזֶֿ֖ה הָעָֽלֶם׃ the son of whom, here, is the lad ? Jer 49:19 (= Jer 50:44) ׳וּמִי זֶה רֹעֶה אֲשֶׁר וג and who (emphatic) is the shepherd that etc., Lam 3:37; Ps 24:8 Who is the king of glory ? (for which in vPs 24:10 the stronger מִי הוּא זֶה is said: so Jer 30:21; Esth 7:5), Esth 25:12. Elsewhere, the rend. Who is this . . . is admissible: Isa 63:1; Jer 46:7; Job 38:2; Job 42:3 compare מִיזֹֿאת Song 3:6; Song 6:10; Song 8:5.
c. מַהזֶֿה how, now ? Gen 27:20; Judg 18:24 וּמַהזֶּֿה תּאֹמְרוּ אֵלַי and how, now, do ye say to me . . . ? 1Kgs 21:5; 2Kgs 1:5 what, now ? (τίποτε;) 1Sam 10:11 מַהזֶּֿה הָיָה לְבֶןקִֿישׁ; עַלמַֿהאזֶּה for what ? Neh 2:4: contracted into מַזֶּה Exod 4:2. (compare Aramaic מָדֵין why ? used as a conjunction therefore, e.g. 2Sam 18:22 ᵑ6, PS^{2013: both formed similarly}.)
d. מַהזּֿאֹת in the phrase (עֲשִׂיתֶם, עָשִׂית) מַהזּֿאֹת עָשִׂיתָ Gen 3:13; Gen 12:18; Gen 26:10; Gen 29:25; Gen 42:28; Exod 14:11; Judg 2:2; Judg 15:11 +. Either What, now, hast thou (have ye) done ? (Fl De) or what is this (that) thou hast (ye have) done ? (The Arabic grammarians dispute on the precise construction of the corresponding phrase in Arabic ; De^{Gen 3:13 (ed. 4)}, and especially Fl^{Kl Schr. i. 356} Lane^{p. 948}.)
e. לָמָּהזֶּֿה wherefore, now ? Gen 18:13; Gen 25:22; Gen 32:30; Exod 5:22; Num 11:20 + often compare Arabic feminine הַאַתָּה זֶה 2Sam 2:20 האתה זה עשׂהאל Art thou Asahel ? 1Kgs 18:7; 1Kgs 18:17, without הֲ Gen 27:24 in an indirect question Gen 27:21.
g. הִנֵּה זֶה behold, here . . . 1Kgs 19:5 (in narrative), Isa 21:9; Song 2:8; Song 2:9. compare Num 13:17 (unusual) עֲלוּ זֶה בַּנֶּגֶבּ go up here in the South.
h. עַתָּה זֶה, 1Kgs 17:24 עַתָּה זֶה יָדַעְתִּי now I know that . . ., 2Kgs 5:22 just now. Also
i. prefixed to expressions denoting a period of time: Gen 27:36 he hath supplanted me זֶה פַעֲמַיִם now two times (so Gen 43:10), Gen 31:38 now, already twenty years, vGen 31:41 (זֶהלִּֿי ֗֗֗ , Gen 45:6; Num 14:22 now ten times, Num 22:28; Num 22:32 זֶה שָׁלשׁ רְגָלִים, Deut 8:2; Deut 8:4; Josh 22:3 זֶה יָמִים רַבִּים, 2Sam 14:2 +; Zech 7:3 זֶה כַּמָּה שָׁנִים already how many years! compare Ruth 2:7.

5. In poetry, as a relative pronoun (rare: but see also זוֺ, זוּ): Ps 74:2 the hill of Zion זה שׁכנת בּוֺ wherein thou dwellest, Ps 78:54; Ps 104:8 אלמְֿקום זה to the place (stative construct Ges^{«GKC:130»§ 130}. 3) which . . . vPs 78:26; Prov 23:22; Isa 25:9 = that which Job 15:17, those who Job 19:19 (so once, Exod 13:8, even in prose). In some of the passages cited the punctuators, by coupling זה with the preceding substantive, and separating it from what follows by a disj. accent (as הַרֶֿזה), appear not to have recognised its relative sense, but to have construed, 'this mountain, (which) thy right hand,' etc.

6. With prefixes (in special senses): —
a. בָּזֶה₁₅ in this (place), here, Gen 38:21; Gen 38:22; Exod 24:14; Num 23:1 (twice in verse); 1Sam 1:26; 1Sam 9:11 +; of time, then, Esth 2:13. Once בַּזֶה 1Sam 21:10.
b. בְּזֹאת (a) with this = on these conditions, Gen 34:15; Gen 34:22; 1Sam 11:2; Isa 27:9 = herewith, thus provided Lev 16:3. (β) by or through this (especially with יָדַע), Gen 42:15; Gen 42:33; Exod 7:17; Num 16:28; Josh 3:10; Ps 41:12 so בָּזֹאת Mal 3:10. (γ) in spite of this, Lev 26:27; Ps 27:3, for which the fuller בְּכָלזֹֿאת occurs, Isa 5:25; Isa 9:11; Isa 9:16; Isa 9:20; Isa 10:4; Ps 78:32; Jer 3:10; Hos 7:10. (δ) בָּזֹאת for this cause (late style) 1Chr 27:24; 2Chr 19:2 in this matter 2Chr 20:17
c. כָּזֶה
(a) Gen 41:38 הֲנִמְצָא כָזֶה אִישׁ אשׁר ֗֗֗ , Isa 56:12; Isa 58:5; Jer 5:9 גּוֺי אֲשֶׁר כָּזֶה (so vJer 5:29; Jer 9:8). (β) כָּזֹה וְכָזֶה thus and thus, Judg 18:4; 2Sam 11:25; 1Kgs 14:5.
d. כְּזֹאת the like of this = as follows, Gen 45:23 כָּזֹאת the like of this = things such as these Judg 13:23 (with השׁמיע), Judg 15:7; Judg 19:30 לא נראתה כָּזֹאת, 1Sam 4:7 (compare Jer 2:10; 2Chr 30:26), 2Sam 14:13 (with חשׁב), Isa 66:8 (with שׁמע), Ezra 7:27 = accordingly, to that effect (with דִּבֶּר) 2Chr 34:22 = in like manner Judg 8:8 = thus (as has been described) 1Kgs 7:37; 1Chr 29:14; 2Chr 31:20; 2Chr 32:15: כָּזֹאת וְכָזֹאת thus and thus Josh 7:20; 2Sam 17:15 (twice in verse); 2Kgs 5:4; 2Kgs 9:12.
e. מִזֶּה from here, hence Gen 37:17; Gen 42:15; Gen 50:25; Exod 11:1 (twice in verse); Exod 13:3; Deut 9:12 + often: מִזֶּהמִ֗֗֗זֶּה on one side . . . on the other side Exod 17:12 מזה אחד ומזה אחד, Exod 25:19; Exod 26:13; Exod 32:15 מזה ומזה הם כתובים, Num 22:24; 1Sam 14:4; 1Kgs 10:19; 1Kgs 10:20; Zech 5:3 +; מִוֶּה וּמִזֶּה לְ on one side and on the other side of . . . Exod 38:15; Josh 8:33; Ezek 45:7; Ezek 48:21. feminine עַל זֶה on this account (rare), Lam 5:17 (pointing forwards), Esth 6:3. So עַל זֹאת Amos 8:8; Mic 1:8; Jer 2:12 (Job 17:8) Jer 4:8; Jer 4:28; Ps 32:6 in late prose Ezra 8:23; Ezra 9:15; Ezra 10:2; Neh 13:14; 2Chr 16:9; 2Chr 16:10; 2Chr 29:9; 2Chr 32:20.
g. עִם זֶה in spite of this Neh 5:18. — On אֵי זֶה which ? אֵי מִזֶּה whence ? אֵי לָזֹאת how ? see below אַי 2; and on הַלָּז, הַלָּזֶה, הַלֵּזוּ.

Note. — זֶה in 1Sam 17:34 (in many editions) is a typographical error (not a Kt) of Jacob b. Chayim's Rabbinic Bible of 1525 for שׂה sheep, which has been perpetuated hence in other subsequent editions. The reading of MSS. and of the best ancient editions is שֶׂה (compare de Rossi^{Var. Lect. ii. 151}).

this, thus, these, that, such, …

zōt

this (often used adverb)

this, this one, here, which, this...that, the one...the other, such

(alone)

this one

this

this, such

then

wherein, which, those who

in this (place) here, then

הֶֽחֱזַ֔קְתִּי

Root word strong, repaired, hold, strengthened, strengthen, …

Dictionary form: חָזַק · haw-DZAHK

Verb — Hiphil, Perfect (Qatal), first person singular causative — "he made (someone) do" completed action — try "he ___ed" or "he has ___ed" the built-in subject is "I"

In the KJV here: i continued

him repaired ×17 be strong ×16 repaired ×11 them repaired ×7 prevailed ×6 to repair ×6 be of good courage ×5 hardened ×5

More options

strengthen — Most versatile; suits physical, moral, or structural contexts.

repair — Best for building/restoration contexts (e.g., temple repairs).

be strong — Stative use; describes a condition rather than an action.

take hold — Good for grasping, clinging, or seizing contexts.

harden — Specifically for heart/will contexts; stubbornness or resolve.

prevail — Prefer when one force overcomes another in conflict.

BDB2680 H2388

חָזַק₂₉₁ verb be or grow firm, strong, strengthen (Late Hebrew id.; Aramaic חֲזַק bind on or about, gird on, compare Arabic bind, squeeze) —

Qal Perfect ׳ח Gen 41:57 + 4 t.; חָזָק֑ 2Chr 26:15 suffix חֲזָקוֺ 2Chr 28:20, etc.; Imperfect יֶהֱז֑ק 2Chr 28:7 (Baer) + 2 t.; וַיֶּחֱזַק Gen 41:56 +; יֶחֶזְקוּ 2Sam 10:11 + 2 t.; יֶחְזְקוּ Isa 28:22 Imperative חֲזַק Deut 12:23 +; חִזְקוּ Deut 31:6 +; Infinitive construct לְחָזְקָה 2Kgs 12:13 suffix לְחָזְקָהּ Ezek 30:21 Participle חָזֵק Exod 19:19; 2Sam 3:1, etc.; — I. intransitive be or grow strong: —

1. a. of physical strength of hands Judg 7:11; 2Sam 2:7; 2Sam 16:21; Ezek 22:14; Zech 8:9; Zech 8:13 (on Ezek 3:14 see below); of arm, followed by infinitive Ezek 30:21 used of recovery from illness Isa 39:1 followed by מִן of comparison over power 1Sam 17:50 (with בְּ instrumental), 2Sam 13:14.
b. of people, army Deut 11:8; Josh 17:13 (JE), = Judg 1:28; Ezra 9:12 followed by מִן comparative be stronger than, too strong for, prevail against 2Sam 10:11 (twice in verse) = 1Chr 19:12 (twice in verse); 1Kgs 20:23; 1Kgs 20:25 id., followed by accusative 1Kgs 16:22, compare of ׳י as prevailing over man Jer 20:7 (|| יָכֹל); followed by על 2Chr 8:3; 2Chr 27:5.
c. of royal power וְדָוִד הֹלֵךְ וְהָזֵק 2Sam 3:1 (opposed to הֹלְכִים וְדַלִּים); compare 2Chr 26:15 (|| חֶזְקָה v2Chr 26:16), Dan 11:5a.
d. prevail over, upon, of word of king 2Sam 24:4 (followed by אֶלֿ) = 1Chr 21:4 (followed by עַל).
e. of bonds Isa 28:22. feminine of sound of trumpet הוֺלֵךְ וְהָזֵק מְאֹד Exod 19:19 (E, compare חָזָק vExod 19:16) it grew much louder and louder.

2. be firm, fast: —
a. literally be caught fast, of Absalom's head 2Sam 18:9 (followed by בְּ).
b. be firm, secure, of a kingdom 2Kgs 14:5 ( + בְּיָדוֺ) = 2Chr 25:3 ( + עָלָיו). Oftener
c. be firm = courageous, confident, especially Imperative, usually || אמץ (q. v.), Deut 31:6; Deut 31:7; Deut 31:23; Josh 1:6; Josh 1:7; Josh 1:9; Josh 1:18; Josh 10:25; Josh 23:6 (all D), 2Sam 10:12; 2Sam 13:28; 1Kgs 2:2; 1Chr 19:13 (|| התחזק), 1Chr 22:13; 1Chr 28:10; 1Chr 28:20; 2Chr 15:7; 2Chr 19:11; 2Chr 32:7; Ezra 10:4; Ps 27:14; Ps 31:25; Isa 35:4; Isa 41:6; Hag 2:4 (3 t. in verse); Dan 10:19 (twice in verse); followed byלַמִּלְחָמָה 2Chr 25:8.
d. hold firmly to, devote oneself to, followed by בְּ 2Chr 31:4.
e. followed by Infinitive be firm not to eat blood, i.e. firmly refrain from it Deut 12:23, compare 1Chr 28:7.

3. press, be urgent, followed by עַל + Infinitive Exod 12:33 (E); followed by עַל of hand of ׳י in prophetic ecstasy Ezek 3:14 (ᵐ5 Co read חֲזָקָה, adjective, see חָזָק).

4. in bad sense:
a. grow stout, rigid, hard, with idea of perversity, of Pharaoh's heart Exod 7:13; Exod 7:22; Exod 8:15 (all P), Exod 9:35 (R); compare חזקו עָלַי דבריכם Mal 3:13.
b. be severe, grievous, of battle 2Kgs 3:26 of famine Gen 41:56; Gen 41:57 (E), Gen 47:20 (J; followed by על), 2Kgs 25:3 = Jer 52:6. II. transitive only לֹא חֲזֶקוֺ 2Chr 28:20 strengthened him not, but text very dubious (|| וַיָצַר לוֺ). Pi`el Perfect חִזַּק Ps 147:13 +, etc.; Imperfect וַיְחַזֵּק Exod 9:12 + 10 t., etc.; Imperative חַזֵּק Neh 6:9 + 2 t.; feminine singular חַזְּקִי Nah 3:14 חַזֵּ֑קִי Isa 54:2 etc.; Infinitive construct חַזֵּק 2Kgs 12:9 + 12 t.; Participle מְחַזֵּק Exod 14:17 מְחַזְּקִים 2Kgs 12:9 —

1. make strong (physically):
a. followed by accusative of person Judg 16:28 followed by על Judg 3:12 followed by מָתְנַיִם Nah 2:2 (|| אַמֵּץ כֹּחַ; of personified people).
b. = restore to strength Dan 10:18; Dan 10:19 to health Ezek 34:4; Ezek 34:16 with לְ give strength to 1Chr 29:12 so, followed by זְרוֺעֹתָם, Hos 7:15; Ezek 30:24 (and vEzek 30:25 Co, see Hiph`il)
c. followed by accusative of thing Isa 41:7; Jer 10:4 (both with בְּ instrumental; of manufacture of idols); of strengthening tent-pegs, in metaphor Isa 54:4, compare Isa 33:23 followed by bars of gates Ps 147:13 often of making strong, fortifying a town, etc. Nah 3:14; 2Chr 11:11; 2Chr 11:12; 2Chr 26:9; 2Chr 32:5 = repair (wall, object not expressed) Neh 3:19 see Hiph`il; with accusative of temple 2Kgs 12:6; 2Kgs 12:7; 2Kgs 12:15; 2Kgs 22:6; 2Kgs 2:5; 2Kgs 2:12; 2Kgs 29:3; 2Kgs 34:8, compare v2Chr 34:10 (|| לִבְדּוֺק); followed by ׳לְבית י 1Chr 26:27 object breaches (accusative) 2Kgs 12:8; 2Kgs 12:9; 2Kgs 12:13; 2Kgs 22:5.
d. of establishing kingdom 2Chr 11:17.

2. strengthen the hands (accusative) of any one, i.e. sustain, encourage (opposed to רִפָּה) Judg 9:24; Jer 23:14; Ezek 13:22; Isa 35:3; Job 4:3; Ezra 6:22; Neh 2:18; Neh 6:9; 2Chr 29:34 ידו בֵּאלהים ׳וַיְח 1Sam 23:16 followed by בְּ Ezra 1:6 ( + בְּ instrumental)

3. make strong = bold, encourage, with accusative Deut 1:38; Deut 3:28; 2Sam 11:5; Isa 41:7 with accusative of person + ׳לַעֲבֹדַת בֵּית י 2Chr 35:2.

4. make firm: —
a. with 2 accusative וְאַבְנֵטְךָ אֲחַוְּקֶנּוּ Isa 22:21 and with thy sash (of office) will I make him firm, i.e. bind it firmly about him (|| הלבישׁ).
b. make firm or fixed, = definitely adopt ֿ׳יח לָמוֺ דָּבָר רָע Ps 64:6.

5. make rigid, hard, i.e. perverse, obstinate, harden (the heart of any one) Exod 4:21; Exod 10:20; Exod 10:27 (all E), Exod 9:12; Exod 11:10; Exod 14:4; Exod 14:8; Exod 14:17 (all P), Josh 11:20 (D); see also פניהם מִסֶּלַע ׳ח Jer 5:3 . Hiph`il₁₁₈ Perfect הֶחֱזִיק Judg 7:8 +; 3 feminine singular הֶחֱזִ֫יקָה Jer 49:24 +; suffix הֶחֱזִקָ֑תְנִי Jer 8:21 הֶחֱזַ֫קָתִּי Neh 5:16 + 3 t.; וְהַחֲזַקְתִּ֫י Ezek 30:23, etc.; Imperfect יַחֲזִיק Job 8:15 + 2 t.; 1 singular וְאַחְזֵק Isa 42:6 יַחֲזִיקוּ Jer 6:23 + 2 t.; יַחֲזִקוּ Dan 11:32, etc.; Imperative הַחֲזֵק 2Sam 11:25 + 2 t., etc.; Infinitive construct הַחֲזִיק 2Kgs 15:19; Isa 64:6 suffix הֶחֱזִיקִי Jer 31:32 (׳הַח Manuscript Petrop. see RS^{JPh xvi, 1888, 73}); Participle מַחֲזִיק Exod 9:2 + 9 t.; suffix מַחֲזִקָהּ Dan 11:6 feminine singular מַחֲזֶקֶת Neh 4:11 plural מַחֲזִיקִים Neh 4:10 + 5 t.; construct מַחֲוִיקֵי Ezek 27:9; Ezek 27:27 —

1. a. make strong, strengthen Jer 51:12.
b. make firm, the kingdom 2Kgs 15:19 ( + בְּיָדוֺ).
c. display strength (late) 2Chr 26:8 (|| ׳וַיֵלֶךְ שְׁמוֺ עַד וגו), Dan 11:32 (|| וְעָשׂוּ).

2. make severe, of battle 2Sam 11:25.

3. followed by יד = support Ezek 16:49 followed by זְרוֺעוֺת Ezek 30:25 (subject ׳י; but Co reads Pi`el as vEzek 30:24) .

4. = repair, walls of Jerusalem, Neh 3:4 (3 t. in verse) + 31 t. Neh 3 compare (in general) participle used substantively מחזיקי בדקף Ezek 27:9; Ezek 27:27 of Tyre and her ships (|| מַלָּחִים, etc.)

5. prevail, absolute Dan 11:7 followed by עַל Job 18:9 prevail upon to בּוֺ לֶאֱכֹל ׳הח 2Kgs 4:8.

6. especially take or keep hold of, seize, grasp:
a. take hold of, seize, catch, followed by בְּ Gen 19:4(J), Gen 21:18(E), Exod 4:4 (J; || אחז), Judg 7:20; 1Sam 15:27; 2Sam 1:11; 1Kgs 1:50; 1Kgs 2:28; 2Kgs 2:12; 2Kgs 4:27; Isa 4:1; Zech 8:23 (twice in verse); Prov 7:13; Prov 26:17, compare also Judg 19:25; Judg 19:29; 2Chr 28:15 with violence Deut 22:25; Deut 25:11; 1Sam 17:35 (perhaps of consecutive frequently, see Dr), 2Sam 2:16; 2Sam 13:11 followed by לְ 2Sam 15:5 figurative take hold in order to lead one (subject ׳י) followed by בְּ Jer 31:32, c accusative Isa 41:9; Isa 41:13 compare Isa 51:18 (בְּ; || נֵהֵל); followed by accusative Nah 3:14 take hold of the brick-mould, Jer 6:23 = Jer 50:42, Zech 14:13 (with violence), Ps 35:2; Neh 4:10; Neh 4:11, seize the kingdom Dan 11:21 in metaphor Mic 4:9 (הֶחֱזִיקֵךְ חִיל), Jer 6:24; Jer 8:21; Jer 49:24 (see Gie), Jer 50:43 of pious laying hold of ׳י, followed by בְּ Isa 64:6 compare Isa 27:5; Isa 56:2; Isa 56:4; Isa 56:6 of other gods 1Kgs 9:9 = 2Chr 7:22 laying hold of wisdom Prov 3:18, compare Prov 4:13; Job 2:3; Job 2:9; Job 27:6; Jer 8:5.
b. have or keep hold of, followed by בְּ Judg 16:26; 2Sam 3:29; Jer 50:33; Neh 4:15.
c. hold up, followed by בְּ, figurative = sustain, support Lev 25:35 of ׳י holding his servants Isa 42:6; Isa 45:1, compare Job 8:20 see also participle used substantively Dan 11:1 (|| מָעוֺז), vDan 11:6 (|| מֵבִיא, יֹלֵד); of Nehemiah holding fast to his (בְּ) his work Neh 5:16 compare of wicked, holding to his house Job 8:15 cleave or cling to (על) one's brethren Neh 10:30. hence
c. keep, retain, followed by בְּ Exod 9:2 (J), Judg 7:8; Judg 19:4 so Ezek 7:13 Sm Co (ᵑ0 Hithpa`el); followed by anger (accusative) Mic 7:18.
d. hence also hold, contain, followed by accusative 2Chr 4:5. Hithpa`el (especially Chronicles) Perfect הִתְחַזַּק 2Chr 13:7 + 3 t., etc., Imperfect וַיִּתְחַוֵּק Gen 48:2 + 7 t.; וַיִּתְחַזַּק 2Chr 21:4; 2Chr 32:5 יִתְחַזָּ֑קוּ Ezek 7:13 (but Sm Co read Hiph`il), etc.; Imperative הִתְחַוַּק 1Kgs 20:22 הִתְחַזְּקוּ 1Sam 4:9 Infinitive construct לְהִתְחַזֵּק 2Chr 13:8; 2Chr 16:9 Participle מִתְחַזֵּק 2Sam 3:6; Dan 10:21 plural מִתְחַזְּקִים 1Chr 11:10 —

1. strengthen oneself 2Sam 3:6; 1Kgs 20:22; 2Chr 1:1; 2Chr 12:13; 2Chr 13:21; 2Chr 21:4; 2Chr 23:1; 2Chr 25:11; 2Chr 27:6 followed by עַל against 2Chr 17:1 gain strength Ezra 7:28; Dan 10:19, compare ביהוה ׳הִתְח 1Sam 30:6 figurative= take courage 2Chr 15:8.

2. put forth strength, use one's strength Gen 48:2 (i.e. he exerted himself, he sat up by a great effort), Num 13:20; Judg 20:22; 1Sam 4:9; 2Sam 10:12; 1Chr 19:13; 2Chr 32:5.

3. followed by לִפְנֵי withstand 2Chr 13:7; 2Chr 13:8.

4. followed by עִם hold strongly with 1Chr 11:10; Dan 10:21, compare of ׳י, עִם לְבָבָם שָׁלֵם אֵלָיו ׳להתח 2Chr 16:9. — For יִתְחַזָּ֑קו Ezek 7:13 read Hiph`il, see Sm Co Da.

strong, repaired, hold, strengthened, strengthen, …

ḥāzaq

to fasten upon; hence, to seize, be strong (figuratively, courageous, causatively strengthen, cure, help, repair, fortify), obstinate; to bind, restrain, conquer

to strengthen, prevail, harden, be strong, become strong, be courageous, be firm, grow firm, be resolute, be sore

(Qal)

to be strong, grow strong

to prevail, prevail upon

to make strong

to make strong, strengthen

to strengthen oneself

וְ שָׂדֶ֖ה

וְ

Prefix — connector and (sometimes: but, so, then)

שָׂדֶ֖ה

Root word field, fields, country, wild, land, …

Dictionary form: שָׂדֶה · saw-DEH

Noun — Common, masculine singular, absolute state

In the KJV here: we any land

of the field ×79 in the field ×49 the field ×28 field ×17 into the field ×10 fields ×7 in the country ×6 the fields ×5

More options

field — Most versatile; fits agricultural and open-land contexts.

land — Prefer when ownership or territory is emphasized.

countryside — Good for contrast with city or settled areas.

open country — Highlights exposure and wildness beyond villages.

farmland — Use when cultivated or agricultural sense is primary.

wilderness — Only when context stresses remoteness or danger.

BDB8170 H7704

שָׂדַי noun masculine^{Ps 96:12} field, land (rare original form of שָׂדֶה (q. v. below), only in poetry); — absolute ׳שׂ Jer 4:17, שָׂדָ֑י Hos 10:4 +; —

1. cultivated field Hos 12:12, also Hos 10:4 (si vera lectio, but see Now), yielding food Deut 32:13; Lam 4:9 ׳שֹׁמְרֵי שׂ Jer 4:17 keepers, watchmen of a field.

2. home of wild beasts: ׳בְּהֵמוֺת שׂ Ps 8:8; Joel 2:22, ׳חַיְתוֺ שׂ Isa 56:9; Ps 104:11, ׳זִזִ שׂ Ps 50:11; Ps 80:14.

3. plain, opposite mountain, Jer 18:14 (but dubious, Co Du שִׂרְיֹן).

4. land, opposed to sea, Ps 96:12 (compare שָׂדֶה 3; || תֵּבֵל Ps 98:7).

BDB8171 H7704

שָׂדֶה₃₁₈ noun masculine^{Lev 27:24} id. (ordinary contracted form Ges^{«GKC:84a»§ 84 a f}); — absolute ׳שׂ Gen 2:5 (twice in verse) +; construct שְׂדֵה Gen 14:7 +; suffix שָׂדִי Jer 32:7; Jer 32:8, שָֽׂדְךָ Deut 11:15 +, שָׂדֶ֑ךָ Deut 24:19; Lev 25:3, etc.; plural שָׂדוֺת 1Sam 22:7 +, construct שְׂדוֺת Neh 12:29 also שְׂדֵי 2Sam 1:21; Isa 32:12; Ruth 1:1 + 8 t. (some might be singular = שְׂדֵה compare Ba^{ZMG xlii (1888), 351} SS Buhl; note, e.g. שְׂדֵי Ruth 1:6a, = שְׂדֵה v^b Ruth 4:3 but see Kö^{ii. 1, 77}); suffix שְׂדֹתֶיהָ Neh 11:30, etc.; also שָׂדֶיךָ 1Kgs 2:26, שָׂדֵינוּ Mic 2:4 —

1. open field, country:
a. pasture-land Gen 29:2; Gen 30:16; Exod 9:3 (all J), Deut 11:15; 1Sam 11:5 + 10 t. J, JE.
b. unfrequented Gen 24:63; Gen 24:65, exposed to violence Gen 4:8 (J), 2Sam 14:6; Deut 21:1; Deut 22:25; Deut 22:27, to wild beasts Exod 22:30 (E), Ezek 33:27.
c. specifically home of beasts: 2Sam 17:8; Jer 14:5 especially phrase ׳חַיַּת הַשּׂ Gen 2:19; Gen 2:20; Gen 3:1; Gen 3:14 (all J) of beasts in general, and, of wild beasts, Exod 23:11; Exod 23:29 (E), Hos 2:14; Hos 2:20; Hos 4:3; Hos 13:8; (H), Job 5:23 (|| חַיַּת הָאָרֶץ), + 16 t.; ׳בֶּהֱמַת הַשּׂ 1Sam 17:44 compare Joel 1:20 ׳אַיְלוֺת הַשּׂ Song 2:7; Song 3:5, compare ׳הַצְּבָיִם אֲשֶׁר בַּשּׂ 2Sam 2:18 hunting-ground Gen 25:29; Gen 27:3; Gen 27:5 (all J E), compare ׳אִישׁ שׂ Gen 25:27 (J E; || אִישׁ יֹדֵעַ צַיִד).
d. yielding plants and trees: Gen 25:27 (JE), Gen 30:14 (J), Exod 10:5 (JE), 2Kgs 4:39; Ezek 21:2; Ezek 39:10 especially phrase ׳עֵשֶׂב הַשּׂ Gen 2:5; Gen 3:18 (both J), + 6 t. + ׳בַּשּׂ ׳ע Zech 10:1 ׳שִׂיח הַשּׂ Gen 2:5, ׳גֶּפֶן שׂ 2Kgs 4:39, ׳פַּקֻּעֹת שׂ V:39, ׳צִיץ הַשּׂ Isa 40:15; Ps 103:15, ׳צֶמַח הַשּׂ Ezek 16:7 ׳עֵץ הַשּׂ (4 t. עֲצֵי) Exod 9:25 (JE), Deut 20:19; Lev 26:4 (H) Isa 55:12 + 8 t.; 2Sam 1:21 see תְּרוּמָה, √ רום.
e. stony, ׳אַבְנֵי הַשּׂ Job 5:23. feminine open country, outside of walled city Judg 9:32; Judg 9:42; Judg 9:43; Judg 9:44; Judg 19:16; 1Sam 19:3; 1Sam 20:5; 1Sam 20:11 (twice in verse); 1Sam 20:24; 1Sam 20:35; 2Kgs 7:12; Mic 4:10 as battle-ground Josh 8:24 (J), 2Sam 10:8 = 1Chr 19:9; 2Sam 11:23; 2Sam 18:6, outside of military camp 1Sam 4:2; 1Sam 14:15 opposed to city (in formula) 1Kgs 14:11; 1Kgs 16:4; 1Kgs 21:24; Jer 14:18; Ezek 7:15 שְׂדֵה אֶרֶץ Lev 25:31 as site of small town, country-town 1Sam 27:5 (opposed to royal city), compare 1Chr 27:25 of high places, ׳גְּבָעוֺת בַּשּׂ Jer 13:27 quite general, 1Sam 30:11; Jer 40:7; Jer 40:13 including road Judg 20:31; 1Kgs 11:29; Jer 6:25 distinguished from road Num 22:23 (JE), 2Sam 20:12 outside houses and courtyards Exod 8:9 (P), 1Sam 25:15 ׳בַּשּׂ nearly = outdoors Exod 1:14 (P), Judg 13:9 of surface of country or ground, ׳בַּשּׂ Exod 16:25 (J E; = עַלפְּֿנֵי הַמִּדְבָּר V:14), compare 1Sam 14:25 so ׳(אֶל) לְַפְּֿנֵי הַשּׂ 2Kgs 9:37; Jer 9:22; Ezek 29:5 (|| הַמִּדְבָּ֫רָה), Ezek 32:4; Ezek 39:5 same phrase opposed to house, comfort, etc., 2Sam 11:11; Ezek 16:5, opposed to city Lev 14:7; Lev 14:53, opposed to tent Num 19:16 (all P), opposed to tent of meeting Lev 17:5 (H).
g. = expanse of country, opposed to mountain, in phrase ׳מְרוֺמֵי שׂ Judg 5:18 ׳הֲרָרִי בַּשּׂ Jer 17:3 (of Jerusalem) is dubious; compare ׳לְעִי הַשּׂ Mic 1:6 (Jer 18:14 see שָׂדַי).

2. definite portion of ground, field, land:
a. cultivated ground Gen 37:7 (E), Gen 47:24 (J; זֶרַע הַשָּׂדֶה), Exod 22:4 (3 t. in verse); Exod 22:5 (E), Lev 27:16; Lev 27:17 (P), Mic 3:12 (in simile) Ruth 2:2 + 47 t., + שְׂדֵי תְרוּמוֺת 2Sam 1:21, זָֿ֑רַע׳שׂ Ezek 17:5, שָׂדֶה טוֺב V:8 good soil.
b. as private property, Mic 5:2; Mic 5:4; Isa 5:8 (twice in verse); Gen 47:20 (J), Gen 23:9; Gen 23:11; Gen 23:13 (P) + 50 t., + 2Chr 26:23 (as burial-place); also ׳חֶלְקַת (הַ)שּׂ, see חֶלְקָה; and צֹפִים ׳שׂ, see צפה.
c. city-land, adjacent to city (town) and subject to its control: Gen 41:48 (E), Lev 25:34 (P), Josh 21:12 (P) = 1Chr 6:41; Neh 11:25; Neh 11:30; Neh 12:29; Neh 12:44 specifically of Zoan Ps 78:12; Ps 78:43.
d. territory of nation, tribe: Gen 32:4; Num 21:20 (both J E), Judg 5:4; Ruth 1:1; Ruth 1:2; Gen 14:7 + 13 t. + ׳שְׂדֵה נִחֲלַת יִשׂ Judg 20:6.
e. territory of king, 2Sam 9:7; 2Sam 13:30.

3. land, opposed to sea, 1Chr 16:32 (opposed to הַיָּם; = שָׂדַי Ps 96:12), perhaps also mainland Ezek 26:6; Ezek 26:8 (Co Krae Toy and others; not Sm).

שִׂדִּים see שׂדד. שְׂדֵרָה see סדר above,

field, fields, country, wild, land, …

śāde

a field (as flat)

field, land

cultivated field

לֹ֣א

Particle not

Dictionary form: לֹא · loh

Particle — Negative

In the KJV here: neither

not ×882 neither ×399 no ×282 nor ×215 shall not ×205 thou shalt not ×116 is not ×102 and not ×86

More options

not — Default negation; fits nearly every context.

no — Use before nouns or as a standalone negative.

never — Emphasizes total or timeless negation.

nor — Use in paired or continued negative clauses.

neither — Use when negating two elements together.

none — Negates a noun or quantity; no one/nothing.

BDB4266 H3808

לֹא or לוֺא adverb not (Arabic , Aramaic לָא, , Sabean לא, Ass. lâ; not in Ethiopic: compare Kö^{ii. 1. 236} Walker^{AJSL 1896, 237 ff.}) — לוֺא, according to Masora (Fr^{MM 248}), 35 t., besides בְּלוֺא 6 t., and הֲלוֺא, the orthography of which varies much (ib.^{p. 251}), e.g. in Samuel always הֲלוֺא, in Chronicles always הֲלֹא, on the whole הֲלוֺא 141 t., הֲלֹא 128 t.; twice, according to Masora, written לו (Qr לֹא), 1Sam 2:16; 1Sam 20:2, once לה Deut 3:11 Kt: — not — denying objectively, like οὐ (not μὴ = אַל): —

1. in predication:
a. with a verb; so most frequently, and nearly always
(a) with the finite tenses, whether perfect (Gen 2:5 b Gen 4:5 etc.) or imperfect (Gen 3:4; Gen 8:21; Gen 8:22 etc.); in short circumstantial clauses, as Gen 44:4 לא הרחיקו, Isa 40:20 לֹא יִמּוֺט, and with a final force Isa 41:7; Exod 28:32 (see Ges^{«GKC:156»§ 156}. 3 R. b, c Dr^{§ 162}). Governing two closely connected verbs (Dr^{§ 115}, לא) Exod 28:43 וְלֹא יִשְׂאוּ עָוֺן וָמֵתוּ, Lev 19:12; Lev 19:29b Deut 7:25; Deut 7:26; Deut 19:10; Deut 22:1 and elsewhere; and two parallel clauses (Ges^{«GKC:152»§ 152}. 3) Isa 23:4b Ps 9:19; Ps 44:19; Job 3:1 and elsewhere With the imperfect, especially with 2 person, לֹא often expresses (not, like אַל, a deprecation, do not . . ., let not . . ., but) a prohibition, as Gen 2:17 לֹא תאֹכַל מִמֶּנּוּ thou shall not eat of it, Gen 3:1; Gen 3:3; Exod 20:3 לֹאיִֿהְיֶה לְךָ there shall not be to thee, etc., vExod 20:13 לא תגנב, etc. With the coh. and jussive moods (which are negatived regularly by אַל), it occurs only exceptionally (Ges^{«GKC:109»§ 109}. 1 b R. 1), Gen 24:8; 1Sam 14:36; 2Sam 17:12; 2Sam 18:14; 1Kgs 2:6; Ezek 48:14.
(b) with the infinitive (which is negatived by בִּלְתִּי, q. v.), only once, in בְּלֹא (4 a), and with לְ, in the sense of cannot, or must not; Judg 1:19 כי לא להורישׁ for it was not (possible) to dispossess, etc. Amos 6:10 לא ׳להזכיר בשׁם י, 1Chr 5:1; 1Chr 15:2 (Dr^{§ 202. 2}); compare Aramaic לָא Dan 6:9; Ezra 6:8. On its use with the participle, see b c.
(c) לא always negates properly the word immediately following: hence, in a verbal sentence, where this is not the verb, some special stress rests upon it, Gen 32:29 לֹא יַעֲקֹב ׳יֵאָמֵר עוֺד וג not Jacob shall thy name be called any more, but Israel, Gen 45:8 לֹא אַתֶּם שְׁלַחְתֶּם אֹתִי Not ye (in our idiom: It is not ye who) have sent me hither, but God, Exod 16:8; 1Sam 8:7 כִּי לֹא ׳אֹתְךָ מָאָסוּ כִּי אֹתִי וג, Ps 115:17 without a following correcting clause, Gen 38:9; Num 16:29 שְׁלָחָנִי׃ ׳לֹא י Not ׳י (but another) hath sent me, Deut 32:27 לֹא פָּעַל זֹאת ׳י, 1Chr 17:4; Deut 8:9; Isa 28:28 לא לנצח ֗֗֗ not for ever (but only for a while) . . . (so Isa 57:16; Ps 9:19; Ps 49:18; Ps 103:9 but Isa 13:20 לא תשׁב לנצח is, will not be inhabited for ever), Isa 43:22; Job 13:16; Job 32:9 hence rhetorically, insinuating something very different, not named, 2Kgs 6:10 not once, and not twice (but repeatedly), Ezra 10:13; Jer 4:11 a wind לֹא לְזָרוֺת וְלוֺא לְהַָבר׃ not to winnow, and not to cleanse (but to exterminate), Isa 45:13; Isa 48:1b Josh 24:12; Dan 11:20; Dan 11:29; Job 34:20 לֹא בְיָד (but by a Divine agency: compare Dan 2:34 also Job 20:26 אֵשׁ לֹא נֻפָּ֑ךְ fire not blown upon [but kindled from heaven], Lam 4:6 and אין Isa 47:14).
(d) standing alone:
(a) אִםלֹֿא if not, Gen 18:21 וְאִםלֹֿא אֵדָֽעָה׃, Gen 29:49; Gen 42:16; Job 9:24; Job 24:25 (β) הֲאִ֗֗֗םלֿא, or not, Gen 24:21 waiting to know דַּרְכּוֺ אִםלֹֿא ׳הַהִצְלִיחַ י, Gen 27:21; Gen 37:32; Exod 16:4; Num 11:23; Deut 8:2; Judg 2:22 (compare אִם אַיִן, אַיִן 2 d β, δ). In answer to a question or request, to deny, or decline, Nay, Nö: Judg 12:5 ויאמר לא, Hag 2:12 לא אדני Gen 23:11; Gen 42:10; 1Sam 1:15 +; often followed by כי, Nö for . . . = Nö but . . ., Gen 18:15 ויאמר לֹא כִּי צָחָ֑קְתְּ, Gen 19:2; Josh 5:14; Josh 24:21; 1Sam 2:16 Qr (see Dr), 1Sam 10:19 (ᵐ5 MSS), 2Sam 16:18; 2Sam 24:24; 1Kgs 3:22 (twice in verse) +; Job 23:6 (strangely). (compare, in deprecation, אַל.)
(e) with an interrogative force, which however does not lie in לא as such, but (as in other cases) in the contrast with a preceding clause, or in the tone of voice (compare וְ 1 f; Ew^{§ 324 a} Ges^{«GKC:150»§ 150}. 1 Dr^{1Sam 11:12}): Jonah 4:11 ׳אַתָּה חַסְתָּוַ֗֗֗אֲנִי לֹא אָחוּס וג, Job 2:10; Job 22:11; Exod 8:22; 2Kgs 5:26; Jer 49:9 (|| Obad 1:5 הֲלוֺא), Mal 2:15; Lam 3:38 and in passages, exegesis or text. doubtful (see Commentaries), 1Sam 20:14; 2Sam 23:5 (but see Bu), Hos 10:9 (Ew We), Hos 11:5 (Ew), Job 14:16b (but ᵐ5 Ew Di תַעֲבֹר), Lam 1:12 (Ew Ke), Lam 3:36 (Ke Bä).
b. with adjectives and substantive:
(a) Gen 2:18 לֹא טוֺב הֱֶיוֺת הָאָדָם לְבַדֹּו not good is man's being alone, Exod 18:17 + often
(b) Exod 4:16 לֹא אִישׁ דְּבָרִים אָנֹכִי, Amos 7:14 לא נביא אנכי, Num 23:9 לֹא אִישׁ אֵל וִיכַזֵּב, Deut 17:15 (see אשׁר

2. b) Deut 20:20; Deut 32:47; 1Sam 15:29; 2Sam 18:20 לֹא אִישׁ בְּשׂרָה אַתָּה הַיּוֺם, 2Sam 21:2; 1Kgs 22:33; 2Kgs 6:19 לא זִה הדרך, Mic 2:10; Isa 27:11; Hos 8:6 והמה לא אלהים Jer 2:11; Jer 16:20; 2Kgs 19:18; 1Kgs 19:11 (twice in verse) לֹא ׳בָרַעַשׁ י, Deut 30:12; Deut 30:13; Job 15:9; Job 28:14 לֹא בִי הִיא (|| אֵין עִמָּדִי)s, Ps 74:9; Jer 5:10 המה ׳לוא לי, Jer 10:16; Deut 32:21 בָּנִים לֹא אֵמוּן בָּם, Jer 10:14; Hab 1:14; Job 16:17; Job 38:26 מִדְבָּר לֹא אָדָם בּוֺ; 1Kgs 22:17 לֹא אֲדֹנִים לָאֵלֶּה, Jer 49:31; Ps 22:3 וְלֹא דוּמִיָּה לִי, Job 18:17; Job 18:19; Job 29:12 ולא עֹזֵר לו, Job 30:13; Job 33:9; Jer 2:19 וְלֹא פַחְדָּתִי אֵלַיִךְ and (that) my terror reached not unto thee, Job 21:9 absolute Gen 29:7 לֹאעֵֿתִ הֵאָסֵף הַמִּקְנֶה (Hag 1:2), Num 20:5; 2Kgs 4:23 לא חדשׁ ולא שׁבת, Isa 44:9; Jer 5:12 ויאמרו לוא הוא, Job 9:32; Job 22:16; Job 36:26; Job 41:2; Prov 19:7 (si vera lectio) מְרַדֵּף אֲמָרִים לֹאהֵֿמָּה words which are not, which are nought.
(c) with the participle לֹא is rare, a finite verb being usually preferred (Exod 34:7 וְנַקִּה לֹא יְנַקֶּה: Ew^{§ 320 c} Dr^{§ 162}): 2Sam 3:34 יָדֶיךָ לֹא אֲסֻרוֺת, Ezek 4:14; Ezek 22:24; Deut 28:61; Ps 38:15 כְּאִישׁ אֲשֶׁר לֹא שֹׁמֵעַ who is not hearing, Job 12:3; Job 13:2 לֹא נֹפֵל אָנֹכִי מִכֶּם, Zeph 3:5 (very anomalous); 1Kgs 10:21 לא is probably textual error In וְהוּא לֹא שׂנֵא לוֺ or לא שׂנא הוא לו, Deut 4:42; Deut 19:4; Deut 19:6; Josh 20:5 (compare אֹיֵב Num 35:23), שׂנֵא is best construed as a substantive, he being a not-hater to him afore-time. — In most of the cases under b, c, אין could have been employed; but the negation by לֹא is more pointed and forcible.

2. Not in predication:
a. coupled to an adjective to negative it, like the Greek ἀ‐, but usually by way of litotes: Hos 13:13 בן לאחֿכם an unwise son, Ps 36:5 דֶּרֶךְ לֹא טוֺב a way not good, Ps 43:1 גוי לא חסיד, Prov 16:29; Prov 30:25; Prov 30:26; Ezek 20:25; 2Chr 30:17 : Isa 16:14 לוֺא כַבִּיר, compare Isa 10:7 לֹא מְעַט.
b. with a participle Jer 2:2 ארץ לא זרועה, Jer 18:15 (the finite verb is more common: see Isa 62:12 עִיר לֹא נֱעֶזָ֫בָה (compare Isa 54:11), Jer 6:8 אֶרֶץ לוֺא נוֺשָׁ֫בָה, Jer 15:18; Jer 22:6; Jer 31:18; Zeph 2:1).
c. Gen 15:13 בארץ לא להם, Jer 5:19; Hab 1:6 מִשְׁכָּנוֺת לֹאלֿוֺ, Prov 26:17 רִיב לֹאלֿוֺ.
d. with a substantive, in poetry, forming a kind of compound, expressing pointedly its antithesis or negation (German un- is sometimes used similarly): Deut 32:5(?). 17. 21 a they made me jealous בְּלֹא אֵל with a not-God (with what in no respect deserved the name of God), v^b בְּלֹא עָם i.e. with an unorganized horde, Amos 6:13 הַשְּׂמֵחִים לְלֹא דָבָר i.e. at a thing which is not, an unreality (of their boasted strength), Isa 10:15 כְּהָרִים מַטֶּה לֹא עֵץ like a rod's lifting up what is no wood (but the agent wielding it), Isa 31:8 חרב לא אישׁ, חרב לא אדם, Isa 55:2 בלוא לחם for what is not bread, בלוא לשׂבעה for what is not for satiety, Jer 5:7 וַיּשָּֽׁבְעוּ בְּלֹא אֱלֹהִים by not-gods, in late prose 2Chr 13:9 כֹּהֵן לְלֹא אֱלֹהִים; Ps 44:13 תִּמְכֹּר עַמְּךָ בְּלֹאהֿוֺן for no-value (i.e. cheaply), Prov 13:23; Job 10:12 צלמות וְלֹא סְדָרִים darkness and disorder; so לֹאעַֿמִּי Hos 1:9; Hos 2:25: still more pregnantly Job 26:2 a מֶהעָֿזַרְתָּ לְלֹאכֹֿחַ (poetic for לאשׁר אין לו כח) the powerless, vJob 26:2b; vJob 26:3a (Ew^{§ 286 g} Ges^{«GKC:152»§ 152}. 1 n.), Job 39:16 הִקְשִׁיחַ בָּנֶיהָ לְלֹא לָהּ useth hardly her young ones (making them) into none of hers; and even Hab 2:6 הַמַּרְבֶּה לֹאלֿוֺ what is not his own (compare Job 18:15 מִבְּלִי לוֺ). compare with a verb, and ellipse of אשׁר, Isa 65:1 לְלֹא שָׁאָ֑לוּ to those who have not asked, v^b Jer 2:8 אַחֲרִי לֹא יוֺעִילוּ, vJer 2:11b; also לֹא רֻחָ֫מָה Hos 1:6; Hos 1:8; Hos 2:25, and probably Job 31:31 לֹא נִשְׂבָּ֑ע (perfect in p.) one not satisfied.
e. in circumstantial clauses (Dr^{§ 164}), in poetry and rare: qualifying a substantive, 2Sam 23:4 בֹּקֶר לֹא עָבוֺת a morning without clouds, Job 12:24 בְּתֹהוּ לֹא דֶרֶךְ in a pathless waste, Job 38:26a; and a verb Job 34:24 יָרֹעַ כַּבִּרִים לֹא חֵקֶר without inquiry, Ps 59:4 לא פשׁעי ולא חטאתי (compare vPs 59:4 בלי עון), in late prose, twice, 1Chr 2:30; 1Chr 2:32 וימת לא בנים (אֵין and בְּלִי, q. v., are more usual in such cases).

3. Once (according to many MSS), as a substantive, Job 6:21 כִּיעַֿתָּה הֱיִיתֶם לֹא for now are ye become nothing, Hi De Kö (compare Dan 4:32 (Aramaic) כְּלָה חֲשִׁיבִין, ᵑ7 here כְּלָא הֲוֵיתוּן, and אַל Job 24:25); but reading fluctuates (Orientals לֹא, Qr לו, Westerns, Baer (see pp. 37, 56) לוֺ ['now are ye become that,' namely the נַחַל אַכְזָב of vJob 24:15]; but even לוֺ yields a forced sense; and text is probably wrong: Mich Ew Ol Sgf Bu כֵּןלִ֗֗֗י (ᵐ5 ᵑ6 also read לִי); Bö Di כִּילְ֗֗֗אָ֑יִן. compare Kö^{ii. 1. 236 f}.

4. With prefixes: —
a. בְּלֹא₃₁ (chiefly in poetry or late), according to the varying significance of בְּ:
(a) usually with not = without, Jer 22:13 בונה ביתו בלאֿ צדק without justice (|| בלא משׁפט; so Ezek 22:29; Prov 16:8), Isa 55:1 (twice in verse); Prov 19:2; Job 8:11 הֲיִגְאֶהגֹּֿמֶא בְּלֹא בִצָּה without mire || כלי מים, Job 30:28 בְּלֹא חַמָּה (=not through the sun), Lam 1:6 וילכו בלאכֿח, Num 35:22 בְּלֹא אֵיבָה ֗֗֗ בְּלֹא צְדִיָּה, vNum 35:23 (followed by infinitive) בְּלֹא רְאוֺת, 2Chr 21:20; Eccl 10:11; Ps 17:1 תְּפִלָּתִי בְּלֹא שִׂפְתֵי מִרְמָה; used more freely in Chronicles, 1Chr 12:18 בְּלֹא חָמָס בְּכַפָּֽי׃, v.1Chr 12:34 בְּלֹא לֵב וָלֵב, 2Chr 30:18 בְּלֹא כַכָּתוּב. With ellipse of rel., Lam 4:14 בְּלֹא יוּכְלוּ יִגְּעוּ without (that) men are able to touch, etc.
(b) of time, in not, i.e. outside of, Lev 15:25 בלא עֶתנִֿדָּתָהּ, before Job 15:32 בלאיֿומו, Eccl 7:17 בְּלֹא עִתֶּךְ׃.
(c) where לֹא belongs to the following word, and is only accidentally preceded by ב (see above 2 d), Deut 32:21 (twice in verse); Jer 5:7; Prov 13:23 בלא משׁפט through injustice; with בְּ pretii, Ps 44:13; Isa 55:2 (twice in verse); Jer 2:11 בְּלוֺא יוֺעִיל for (that which) profiteth not.

b. הֲלֹא nonne ? Gen 4:7 + often Inviting, as it does, an affirmative answer, it is often used,
(a) especially in conversation, for pointing to a fact in such a way as to arouse the interest of the person addressed, or to win his assent: Gen 13:19 Is not the whole land before thee ? Gen 19:20; Gen 20:5; Gen 27:36; Gen 29:25; Exod 4:11 Who maketh dumb or deaf, etc. Do not I ? Exod 33:16; Judg 4:6; Judg 4:14; Judg 8:2; Judg 9:28; Judg 9:38; 1Sam 9:20; 1Sam 9:21; 1Sam 15:17 etc.; with a verb in 1 person, Josh 1:9 הלא צויתיך, Judg 6:14 הלא שׁלחתיך, 1Sam 20:30; 2Sam 19:23; Ruth 2:9: similarly in a poetical or rhetorical style, Judg 5:30 הלא ימצאו יחלקו שׁלל, Isa 8:19; Isa 10:8; Isa 10:9; Isa 10:11; Isa 28:25; Isa 29:17; Isa 40:21; Isa 40:23; Isa 42:24; Isa 43:19 etc., Job 4:6; Job 4:21; Job 7:1; Job 10:10; Job 10:20, etc. (β) it has a tendency to become little more than an affirm. particle, declaring with some rhetorical emphasis what is, or might be, well known: Deut 3:11 הֲלֹה הִיא בְרַבַּת בְּנֵי עַמּוֺן, Deut 11:30; 1Sam 21:12 הלוא ׳זה דוד וג (compare 1Sam 29:3; 1Sam 29:5; 2Sam 11:3), 2Sam 23:19; 2Sam 26:1; 2Sam 15:35 it is thus nearly = הִנֵּה (ᵐ5 sometimes represents it by ιδου, as Josh 1:9; Judg 6:14; Ruth 2:9; 2Sam 15:35); so especially in the phrase of the compiler of Kings, And the rest of the acts of . . ., הֲלֹא הֵם (הֵמָּה) כְּתוּבִים are they not written in, etc. ? 1Kgs 11:41; 1Kgs 14:29 + often (with which there interchanges הִנָּם כְּתוּבִים 1Kgs 14:19; 2Kgs 15:11; 2Kgs 15:26; 2Kgs 15:31, which is generally used by the Chronicles, 2Chr 16:11; 2Chr 20:34, etc.), Josh 10:13 (compare 2Sam 1:18 הִנֵּה), 1Kgs 8:53 ᵐ5, Esth 10:2; Ps 56:14 (strangely: contr. Ps 116:8). — הֲלֹא הִנֵּה Hab 2:13; 2Chr 25:26 (הִנָּם). — On Judg 14:15, see הֲ 1 end.

c. וָלֹ֕א and not=and if not, 2Sam 13:26; 2Kgs 5:17. compare וָּיֵשׁ.
d. כְּלוֺא Obad 1:16 והיו כלוא היו, poetic for כאשׁר, as though they had not been.

e. לְלֹא without, literally in the condition of no . . . 2Chr 15:3 (compare לְאֵין, also in Chronicles). Elsewhere לא belongs to the following word, Amos 6:13; 2Chr 13:9; Isa 65:1 (twice in verse); Job 26:2; Job 26:3; Job 39:16 (see above 2 d).

Note. — Fifteen times, according to Masora (see De^{Ps 100. 3} Fr^{MM 247} Str^{Prol. Cr. 84}), לא is written by error for לוֺ, namely Exod 21:8; Lev 11:21; Lev 25:30; 1Sam 2:3; 2Sam 16:18; 2Kgs 8:10; Isa 9:2; Isa 63:9; Ps 100:3; Ps 139:16; Job 13:15; Job 41:4; Prov 19:7; Prov 26:2; Ezra 4:2 (always with Qr לוֺ). The passages must be considered each upon its own merits: in some לוֺ yields a preferable sense; but this is not the case in all. There is the same קרי (rightly) on Isa 49:5; 1Chr 11:20 but these were not considered to rest upon equal authority, and are hence not reckoned with the fifteen. — In Judg 21:22 (see GFM), 1Sam 13:13; 1Sam 20:14 (twice in verse), and in Job 9:33 לֹא יֵשׁ, read probably לֻא for לֹא.

BDB4344 H3808

לוֺ (Kt 1Sam 2:16; 1Sam 20:2), לוֺא, see לֹא.

BDB9632 H3808 H3809

לָא (לָה Dan 4:32) adverb not (Biblical Hebrew לא; Aramaic of Têma, Egyptian, etc., לא; Nerab ל (Lzb³⁰¹ Cook^{G1. 67}); ᵑ7 לָא; Syriac ); — not Jer 10:11; Dan 2:5; Dan 2:9; Dan 2:10, etc.; before a participle (so rarely in Biblical Hebrew, 1 b c), Dan 2:27; Dan 2:43; Dan 3:16; Dan 4:4; Dan 4:6; Dan 4:15 +, so v.Dan 4:32 וְכָלדָּֿאְרֵי אַרְעָא כְּלָה חֲשׁיבִין; are as men not accounted of (so Bev Behrm Marti, compare Isa 53:8 ᵑ7 בסירין ולא חשׁיבין; > most 'accounted as nothing,' for which no analogy, yet compare Ps 39:6 ᵑ7); followed by אִיתַי, see אִיתַי. With infinitive and לְ Dan 6:9 דִּי לָא לִהַשְׁנָיָה which it is not to alter = which is not to be altered (compare v.Dan 6:16), Ezra 6:8 (K^{§ 67, 1} Dr^{§ 202, 2}.; compare Isa 35:6 ᵑ7, D^{Aramaic Dialektproben, p. 1}). With interr. הֲלָא Dan 3:24; Dan 4:27; Dan 6:13.

BDB9640 H3809 H3861 H518 H2006 H3808 H3588

II. לָהֵן conjunction except, but (from לָא and הֵן 'not if' (compare Hebrew אם לא Gen 24:38); so Nabataean and Egyptian Aramaic להן Cooke^{217, 219, 241} S-C^{Pap. C 6, 7} +; lâinnî, however Soc^{Arab. Dial.} see Marokko 44, Anm. 103; ᵑ7 אִילָּהֵין Gen 32:28; Gen 43:3 and elsewhere); —

1. after a negative (= Biblical Hebrew כִּי אִם, q. v.):
a. except Dan 2:11; Dan 3:28; Dan 6:6; Dan 6:8.
b. but (German sondern) Dan 2:30.

2. without a negative: however, but Ezra 5:12.

not, no, neither, nor, none, …

lōʾ

not (the simple or abs. negation); by implication, no; often used with other particles

not, no

not (with verb—absolute prohibition)

קָנִ֑ינוּ

Root word buy, bought, get, purchased, getteth, …

Dictionary form: קָנָה · kaw-NAW

Verb — Qal, Perfect (Qatal), first person plural simple action — "he did" completed action — try "he ___ed" or "he has ___ed" the built-in subject is "we"

In the KJV here: bought

buy ×9 bought ×6 get ×3 and get ×2 and he bought ×2 and to buy ×2 getteth ×2 i have bought ×2

More options

buy — Most common sense; commercial or transactional contexts.

acquire — Broader than purchase; suits property, status, or wisdom.

purchase — Formal register; emphasizes deliberate transaction.

possess — Stresses resulting ownership rather than the act of buying.

obtain — Neutral; useful when means of acquisition is unspecified.

redeem — Rare; when legal or theological recovery of ownership is implied.

BDB7480 H7069

I. קָנָה₈₄ verb get, acquire (Late Hebrew = Biblical Hebrew; Phoenician (Punic) מקנא, property [in cattle]; Assyrian ‡anû, gain, acquire, Meissn^{Suppl. 85}; Arabic (,) acquire, procure; Sabean קני acquire, possess, CIS^iv,no.89,5.6, קני noun property Id^{ib,no.3,8,29,3}; Ethiopic acquire, subjugate; Aramaic קְנָא, (accquire); —

Qal₈₁ Perfect 3 masculine singular ׳ק Gen 25:10 +; suffix קֶָ נ֑ךָ Deut 32:6, קָנָהוּ Lev 27:24 3 feminine singularקָֽנְתָה Ps 78:54 2 masculine singular קָנִיתָ Exod 15:16 +, etc.; Imperfect 3 masculine singular יִקְנֶךְ Lev 22:11 +, וַיִ֫קֶן Gen 33:19 +, etc.; Imperative masculine singular קְנֵח Gen 47:19 +; Infinitive absolute קָנֹה Lev 25:14; 1Chr 21:24, קָנוֺ 2Sam 24:24 cstr. קְנֹה Prov 16:16, קְנוֺת Prov 16:16 +, etc.; Participle קֹנֶה Deut 28:68, קְוֺנֶה Prov 15:32 +, etc.; —

1. get, acquire (all poetry) :
a. of God as originating, creating, קֹנֵה שָׁמַיִם וָאָרֶץ Gen 14:19; Gen 14:22; Deut 32:6 (Israel), Ps 139:13 (כִּלְֹיתָ֑י); Prov 8:22 ( חכמה q. v.).
b. of God as victoriously redeeming his people Exod 15:16; Isa 11:11; Ps 74:2 (|| גָּאַל) object הַרוֶֿה Ps 78:54.
c. of Eve, acquiring קַיִן, ׳אֶתיֿ (i.e. with the help of), Gen 4:1 (J).
d. of acquiring wisdom, knowledge (only Proverbs): Prov 1:5; Prov 4:5 (twice in verse); Prov 4:7 (twice in verse); Prov 15:32; Prov 16:16 (twice in verse); Prov 17:16; Prov 18:15; Prov 19:8; Prov 23:23.

2. elsewhere buy Exod 21:2 (E), Gen 47:22 (J), Gen 50:13 (P), Lev 27:24(H), Deut 28:68; Isa 24:2; Jer 13:1; Ezek 7:12; Prov 20:14 +; קֹנֶה owner, as purchaser Lev 25:30 (P) Isa 1:3; Zech 11:5 +. Niph`al be bought: Perfect 3 masculine singular נִקְנָה Jer 32:43 Imperfect 3 masculine plural יִקָּנוּ vJer 32:15. Hiph`il Perfect 3 masculine singular suffix אָדָם חִקְנַנִי Zech 13:5 AV makes denominative of מִקְנֶה cattle; Thes RV Marti^Kau Buhl caused (one) to purchase me, i.e. made me a bondman; < We Now GASm read אֲרָמָה קִנְיָנִי — Participle מַקְנֶה see קנא.

BDB9864 H7066 H7069

[קְנָא] verb acquire, buy (see Biblical Hebrew I. קנה); —

Pe`al Imperfect 2 masculine singular תִּקְנֵא Ezra 7:17 with accusative of thing, + בְּכַסְפָּא.

buy, bought, get, purchased, getteth, …

qānâ

to erect, i.e., create; by extension, to procure, especially by purchase (causatively, sell); by implication to own

to get, acquire, create, buy, possess

(Qal)

to get, acquire, obtain

of God originating, creating, redeeming His people

possessor

וְ כָל

וְ

Prefix — connector and (sometimes: but, so, then)

כָל

Root word all, every, any, whole, one, …

Dictionary form: כֹּל · kole

Noun — Common, masculine singular, construct state "___ of …" — bound to the next word

In the KJV here: and all

all ×1727 and all ×796 of all ×249 every ×158 in all ×133 according to all ×89 with all ×73 and every ×69

More options

all — Most versatile; fits nearly every syntactic context.

every — Prefer when distributing over individual items.

whole — Emphasizes totality or completeness of a single entity.

any — Best in negative, conditional, or open-ended clauses.

each — Highlights individuality within a set; more precise than 'every'.

entirely — Adverbial use; stresses completeness of an action.

BDB4037 H3605

כֹּל once כּוֺל (Jer 33:8 Kt.), noun masculine the whole, all (Moabite, Phoenician, id.; Aramaic כּוֺל, ; Arabic ; Sabean כל, compare DHM^{Epigr. Denk. 36-38}; Ethiopic Assyrian kullatu) — absolute כֹּל, construct כֹּל Gen 2:5; Gen 2:16; Gen 2:20 + often, once כֹּלֿ Ps 138:2 (see Ba), but more usually כָּלֿ (with makk.: without it, Ps 35:10; Prov 19:7 Kö^{i. 84, 95}); suffix 2 masculine singular in p. כֻּלָּךְ Mic 2:12 2 feminine singular כֻּלֵּךְ Isa 14:29; Isa 14:31, כֻּלָּךְ Isa 22:1; Song 4:7 (perhaps for assonance with accompanying לָךְ, בָּךְ); 3 masculine singular כֻּלֹּה 2Sam 2:9 (see Dr) + 17 t. (never in Pentateuch), כֻּלּוֺ Gen 25:25 + 16 t.; 3 feminine singular כֻּלָּהּ Gen 13:10 + 15 t., כֻּלָּא Ezek 36:5 כֻּלָּנּו (16 t.); כֻּלְּכֶם (18 t.); כֻּלָּם (often), כּוּלָּם Jer 31:34, כֻּלָּ֑הַם 2Sam 23:6 (and probably Jer 15:10 כֻּלְּהֶם); 3 feminine plural כֻּלָּ֫נָה Gen 42:36; Prov 31:29 כֻּלָּֽהְנָה׃ 1Kgs 7:37: — the whole,

1. with following genitive (as usually) the whole of, to be rendered, however, often in our idiom, to avoid stiffness, all or every:
a. Gen 2:2 כָּלצְֿבָאָם the whole of their host, vGen 2:13 כָּלאֶֿרֶץ כּוּשׁ the whole of the land of Kush; כָּלהַֿלַּיְלָה the whole of the night; כָּליִֿשְׂרָאֵל the whole of Israel = all Israel; Deut 4:29 בְּכָללְֿבָֽבְךָ with the whole of thy heart = with all thy heart; + very often With a plural noun, usually determined by the article or a genitive: Gen 5:5 כליֿמי אדם the whole of (= all) the days of Adam, Gen 37:35 כלבֿניו the whole of (= all) his sons, Isa 2:2 כלהֿגוים all the nations; Gen 43:9 + often כל הימים = continually. In poetry, however, the noun may remain undetermined, כָּליָֿדַיִם the whole of hands = every hand, Isa 13:7; Jer 48:37; Ezek 21:12 כלפֿנים i.e. every face Isa 25:8; Joel 2:6 כל שׁלחנות Isa 28:8 כל חוצות Isa 51:20; Lam 2:19 and elsewhere Before an infinitive Gen 30:41; Deut 4:7; 1Kgs 8:52; 1Chr 23:31. frequently with suffixes, as (כֻּלֹּה) כֻּלּוֺ the whole of him Gen 25:25; Job 21:23; Song 5:16, the whole of it Lev 13:13; Jer 2:21; Nah 2:1; Prov 24:31 כֻּלָּהּ the whole of it Gen 13:10; Exod 19:18; Exod 25:36; Amos 8:8 כֻּלָּךְ all of thee Song 4:7 + (see at the beginning); כֻּלָּנוּ the whole of us Gen 42:11; Deut 5:3; Isa 53:6 (twice in verse); כֻּלְּכֶם Deut 1:22; Deut 4:4; 1Sam 22:7 (twice in verse); כֻּלָּם Gen 11:6; Gen 43:34; Josh 8:24 ויפלו כֻּלָּם, Judg 11:6 בְּיַד כֻּלָּם, Isa 7:19; Isa 31:3 + often — Twice, strangely, with hyperb. intensive force, Ps 39:6 כָּלהֶֿבֶל the whole of vanity are all men (? omit כל, as vPs 39:12), Ps 45:14 כָּלכְּֿבוּדָּה the whole of gloriousness is the king's daughter.
b. followed often by a singular, to be understood collectively, whether with or without the article: Gen 1:21 את כל נפשׁ החיה the whole of living souls = every living soul, Gen 2:9 כל עץ נחמד למראה the whole of trees (every kind of tree) pleasant to view, Gen 6:12 + כָּלבָּֿשָׂר, Gen 7:14 כל צפור כל כנף all birds of every kind of wing (so Ezek 17:23), vEzek 17:21 כל האדם the whole of mankind (so Num 12:3; Num 16:29; Judg 16:17 and elsewhere); in poetry כלאֿדם Ps 39:6; Ps 64:10 +; 1Sam 14:52 כל אישׁ גבור וכלבֿןחֿיל, 1Sam 17:19; 1Sam 17:24 כל אישׁ ישׂראל, 1Sam 22:2; Isa 9:16 כל פה the whole of mouths = every mouth, Isa 15:2; Isa 24:10 כָּלבַּֿיִת + often (in Isa 2:12-16 the singular and plural interchange); Ps 7:12 + בכליֿום, Ps 10:5 + בכלעֿת = at all seasons. So כלהֿעץ Gen 1:29, כלהֿבן Exod 1:22 = all the sons, כלהֿמקום Exod 20:24; Deut 11:24 = all the places, כלהֿמרכב Lev 15:9, vLev 15:26; Deut 4:3 כלהֿאישׁ אשׁר = all the men who. . ., Deut 15:19 כלהֿבכור, Jer 4:29 כלהֿעיר עזובה all the cities (notice the following בָּהֶן); כלהֿיום = all the days (see יוֺם 7 f), etc. In late Hebrew extended to such phrases as בְּכָלדּֿוֺר וָדוֺר Ps 45:18; Ps 145:13; Esth 9:28 בכלעֿיר ועיר 2Chr 11:12; 2Chr 28:25; 2Chr 31:19; Esth 8:11; Esth 8:17; Esth 9:28; 2Chr 32:28; Esth 2:11; Esth 3:14; Esth 4:3; Esth 8:13; Esth 8:17; Esth 9:21; Esth 9:27; Esth 9:28 (3 t. in verse) (compare וְ 1 i b).
c. the genitive after כל is often a relative sentence, introduced by אשׁר: Gen 1:31 את כל אשׁר עשׂה the whole of what he had made, Gen 7:22; Gen 13:1 + very often Sts., with a preposition, כל אשׁר has the force of wheresover, whithersoever, as Josh 1:7 בְּכֹל אֲשֶׁר תֵּלֵךְ wheresoever thou goest, vJosh 1:16 אֶלכָּֿלאֲֿשֶׁר whithersoever (see אֲשֶׁר 4 b γ). Very rarely in such cases is there ellipse of the rel., as Gen 39:4 וְכָליֶֿשׁלֿוֺ נָתַן בְּיָדִי (contrast vGen 39:5 vGen 39:8), Exod 9:4 מכללֿבני ישׂראל, Isa 38:16 וּלְכָּלבָּֿהֶן חַיֵּי רוּחִי, Ps 71:18 לְכָליָֿבוֺא (Ps 74:3, see 2 a), 2Chr 32:31 peculiarly also in Chronicles (Dr^{Intr 505}), 1Chr 29:3 מִכָּלהֲֿכִינוֺתִי, 2Chr 30:18f.; Ezra 1:6 compare with כֹּל (2 a) 1Chr 29:11 a 2Chr 30:17; Ezra 1:5.
d. with a suffix two idiomatic uses of כל have to be noticed:
(a) כל is often made more independent and emphatic by being placed with a suffix after the word which it qualifies, to which it then stands in apposition (compare in Syriac, Arabic, Ethiopic), as 2Sam 2:9 יִשְׂרָאֵל כֻּלּהֹ, Jer 13:19; Jer 48:31; Isa 9:8; Isa 14:29; Isa 14:31 פלשׁת כלך Philistia, all of thee ! Mic 2:12; Hab 2:6; Job 34:13; Ps 67:4; Ps 67:6 especially in Ezekiel, as Ezek 14:5; Ezek 29:2 מצרים כֻּלָּהּ Ezek 32:12; Ezek 32:30 with change of person (compare the idiom in Isa 22:16; Isa 48:1; Isa 54:1 etc.), 1Kgs 22:28 = Mic 1:2 שׁמעו עמים כלם Hear, nations, all of them ! Mal 3:9 הַגּוֺי כֻּלּוֺ. So even with כל preceding: Num 16:3 כָּלהָֿעֵדָה כֻּלָּם, Isa 14:18; Jer 30:16; Ezek 11:15 כל בית ישׂראל כֻּלֹּה the whole of the house of Israel, the whole of it (so Ezek 20:40; Ezek 36:10), Ezek 35:15; Ezek 36:5; Ps 8:8 (compare Sabean DHM^l.c.);
(b) with the suffix of 3 masculine singular, understood as referring to the mass of things or persons meant, כֻּלֹּה or כֻּלּוֺ, literally the whole of it, is equivalent to all of them, every one, Exod 14:7 and captains עַלכֻּֿלּוֺ upon the whole of it (the רֶכֶב collectively) = all of them, Isa 1:23 the whole of it (the people) loveth bribes, Isa 9:16; Isa 15:3; Jer 6:13 (twice in verse); Jer 8:6; Jer 8:10 (twice in verse); Jer 20:7; Hab 1:9; Hab 1:15; Ps 29:9 and in his temple כֻּלּוֺ אֹמֵר כָּבוֺד the whole of it (= every one there) says, Glory ! Ps 53:4 (|| Ps 14:3 הַכֹּל); perhaps Isa 16:7; Jer 48:38 + Prov 19:6 Ew Hi (וְכֻלּהֹ רֵעַ): Jer 15:10 read כֻּלְּהֶם קִלֲלוּנִי.
e. Hebrew idiom in certain cases affirms, or denies, of an entire class, where English idiom affirms, or denies, of an individual of the class; thus in a comparative or hypothetical sentence כל is = any, and with a negative = none:
(a) Gen 3:1 the serpent was more subtil מכל חית השׂדה than all beasts of the field (in our idiom: than any beast of the field), Deut 7:7; 1Sam 9:2
(b) Lev 4:2 a soul when it sins through ignorance מכל מצות יי֞ in all the commandments of Jehovah (= in any of the commandments, etc.), Lev 19:23 when ye . . . plant כלעֿץ מאכל = any tree for food, Num 35:22 or if he have cast upon him כָּלכְּֿלִי = any weapon, 1Kgs 8:37 b; joined with a participle in a hypothetical sense (Dr^{§ 121 n.} Ges^{«GKC:116»§ 116}. 5 R. 5), Gen 4:14 כל מצאי all my finders (= if any one find me), he will slay me, vGen 4:15 a Num 21:8 כָּלהַֿנָּשׁוּךְ = whosoever (= if any one) is bitten, 1Sam 2:13
(c) with a negative, Gen 2:5 all plants of the field טֶרֶם יִהְיֶה were not as yet = no plant of the field as yet was, Gen 4:15 b לבלתי הכותאֿתו כלמֿצאו for the not-smiting him of all finding him = that none finding him should smite him, Exod 10:15 ולאנֿותר כל ירק = and no green things were left, Exod 12:16 כלמֿלאכה לא יעשׂה all work shall not be done = no work shall be done, Deut 28:14; Judg 13:4 אַלתּֿאֹכְלִי כָּלטָֿמֵא eat not of all that is unclean, Judg 19:19 אֵין מַחְסוֺר כָּלדָּֿבָר there is no lack of all things i.e. of any thing, Ps 143:2 כי לאיֿצדק לפניך כלחֿי, + very often (so οὐ πᾶς, as a Hebraism, in the N.T., e.g. Mark 13:20 οὐκ ἂν ἐσώθη πᾶσα σάρξ, Luke 1:37 οὐκ ἀδυνατήσει . . . πᾶν ρἧμα, as Jer 32:17 לֹאיִֿפָּלֵא מִמְּךָ כָּלדָּֿבָר, Gal 2:16 οὐ δικαιωθήσεται . . . πᾶσα σάρξ, etc.) Usually, in such cases, כל (or its genitive) is without the article, being left purposely indefinite: in Ps 49:18 (2 b a) הַכֹּל is emphatic (in Num 23:13 וְכֻלּוֺ לֹא תִרְאֶה the context shews that כֹּל is opposed to a part). feminine very anomalously, severed from its genitive, 2Sam 1:9 כִּיכָֿלעֿוֺד נַפְשִׁי בִי, Job 27:3 כִּיכָֿלעֿוֺד נִשְׁמָתִי בִי, Hos 14:3 (si vera lectio) כָּלתִּֿשָּׂא עָוֺן. On Eccl 5:15 ׳כָּלעֻֿמַּתשֶֿׂ see עֻמָּה.

Note. — When the genitive after כל is a noun feminine or plural, the predicate usually agrees with this (as being the really important idea), e.g. Gen 5:5 ויהיו כל ימי אדם, Num 14:1 וַתִּשָּׂא כָלהָֿעֵדָה, Nah 3:1; Ps 150:6 כָֹּל הַנְּשָׁמָה תְּהַלֵּל exceptions being very rare, Isa 64:10b Prov 16:2 (Ges^{«GKC:141»§ 141}. 1 R. 2).

2. Absolutely:
a. without the article, all things, all (mostly neuter, but sometimes masculine), the sense in which 'all' is to be taken being gathered from the context, Gen 9:3 נתתי לכם את כֹּל, Gen 16:12 וְיַד כֹּל בּוֺ, Gen 20:16 ואת כֹּל ונוכחת, Gen 33:11 וכי ישׁ לי כֹל, Num 8:16 בכור כֹּל מבני ישׂראל, Num 11:6 אֵין כֹּל nought of all things ! = there is nothing (so 2Sam 12:3; Prov 13:7, compare 2Kgs 4:2), 2Kgs 13:2 כֹּ֖ל נשׂיא בהם (compare 2Sam 23:28; 1Chr 3:9: usually so הַכֹּל), Deut 28:47 מֵרֹב כֹּל, vDeut 28:48 vDeut 28:37 בְּחֹסֶר כֹּל (compare Jer 44:18), Isa 30:5 כֹּל הֹבִאישׁ all exhibit shame, Isa 44:24 עשֶֹׁהכֹּֿל ׳י, Jer 44:12 וְתַמּוּ כֹל (unusual), Zeph 1:2; Ps 8:7; Ps 74:3 (read כֹּל הֵרַע), Ps 145:15 עיני כֹל, Prov 16:4; Prov 26:10; Prov 28:5; Job 13:1 הן כֹּל ראתה עיני, Job 42:2; 1Chr 29:11b 2Chr 32:22 (masculine), Dan 11:37 (see also 1 c end); מִכֹּל Gen 6:19; Gen 6:20b שְׁנַיִם מִכֹּל, Gen 14:20; Gen 27:33; Jer 17:9 עקוב הלב מִכֹּל, Dan 11:2 (masculine) After a negative = anything, Deut 4:25 תְּמוּנַת כֹּל the likeness of anything, Deut 8:9; Deut 28:55; Prov 30:30. In the genitive also, very rarely, to express the idea of all as comprehensively as possible: Ezek 44:30 כָּלבִּֿכּוּרֵי כֹל וְכָלתְּֿרוּמַת כֹּל; Ps 119:128 (si vera lectio) כָּלפִּֿקּוּדֵי כֹל all the statutes about everthing.
b. with art. הַכֹּל:
(a) where the sense is limited by the context to things (or persons) just mentioned, Exod 29:24 ושׂמת הַכֹּל ביד אהרן, Lev 1:9 והקטיר הכהן את הַכֹּל, vLev 1:13; Lev 8:27; Deut 2:36 לפנינו ׳את הַכֹּל נתן י, Josh 11:19 (compare 2Sam 19:31; 1Kgs 14:26 = 2Chr 12:9), 2Chr 21:43 הַכֹּל בָּא (compare 2Chr 23:14), 1Sam 30:19 הַכֹּל השׁיב דוד, 2Sam 17:3 (corrupt: see ᵐ5 Dr), 2Sam 24:23 (1Chr 21:23), 1Kgs 6:18 הַכֹּל ארז (compare 1Kgs 7:33; 2Kgs 25:17 = Jer 52:22), 2Kgs 24:16 הַכֹּל גבורים, Isa 65:8 לבלתי השׁחית הַכֹּל, Ps 14:3 or implied, Gen 16:12 יָדוֺ בַכֹּל, Gen 24:1 ברך את אברהם בַּכֹּל 2Sam 23:5 (poetry) עֲרֻכָה בַכֹּל, Isa 29:11 (peculiarly) חָזוּת הַכֹּל the vision of the whole, Jer 13:7; Jer 13:10 לא יצלח לַכֹּל, Ezek 7:14 וְהָכִין הַכֹּל (but Co וְהָכִינוּ הָכֵן), Ps 49:18 לא במותו יקח הַכֹּל: more frequently later, namely 1Chr 7:5 (as regards all), 1Chr 28:19; 1Chr 29:19; 2Chr 28:6; 2Chr 29:28; 2Chr 31:5; 2Chr 35:7; 2Chr 36:17; 2Chr 36:18; Ezra 1:11; Ezra 2:42; Ezra 8:34; Ezra 8:35; Ezra 10:17 (וַיְכַלּוּ בַכֹּל: see BeRy), Eccl 5:8 (בַּכֹּל, apparently = in all respects), Eccl 10:19; Eccl 12:13.
(b) in a wider sense, all, whether of all mankind or of all living things, the universe (τὸ πᾶν), or of all the circumstances of life (chiefly late), Jer 10:16 = Jer 51:19 כי יוצר הַכֹּל הוא, Ps 103:19 (compare 1Chr 29:12), 1Chr 119:21 הַכֹּל עֲבָדֶיךָ, 1Chr 145:9 לַכֹּל ׳טוֺב י, 1Chr 29:12; 1Chr 29:14; 1Chr 29:16; Dan 11:2, and especially in Ecclesiastes, as Eccl 1:2; Eccl 1:14; Eccl 2:11; Eccl 2:17; Eccl 3:19; Eccl 12:8 הַכֹּל הֶבֶל, Eccl 2:16 הכל נשׁכח, Eccl 3:1 לַכֹּל זְמָן, vEccl 3:11 vEccl 3:19 vEccl 3:20; Eccl 6:6; Eccl 7:15; Eccl 9:1; Eccl 9:2 (twice in verse); Eccl 9:3; Eccl 10:3; Eccl 10:19; Eccl 11:5. כַּכֹּל, Job 24:24 (si vera lectio) כַּכֹּל יִקָָּֽפְצוּן like all men (i.e. like men in general).

BDB9612 H3605 H3606 H6903

כֹּל, כָּלֿ: noun masculine the whole, all (Biblical Hebrew כֹּל); — emphatic כֹּלָּא Dan 2:40 +, construct כֹּל Dan 2:12; Dan 3:2 +, כָּלֿ Dan 2:8 +, suffix 3 masculine plural כָּלְּהוֺן (so Palmyrene Lzb²⁹⁶ Cooke^{No. 117}, Tariff ii.c.19 ii b. 18) Dan 2:38; Dan 7:19 (Qr feminine כָּכְּהֵּן); —

1. כֹּל חַכִּימֵי בָבֶכ the whole of ( = all) the wise men of B. Dan 3:2; Dan 3:3; Dan 3:5, etc.; Dan 6:2 כלמֿלכותא the whole ofthe kingdom, v.Dan 6:4 with suffix the whole of them, Dan 2:38; Dan 7:19.

2. with a singular noun, understood collectively, every, any, or with a negative none (Biblical Hebrew 1 b):Dan 3:29 דִּי כָלעַֿם אֻמָּה וְלִשָּׁן that every people, nation, and language, etc., Dan 6:8 מִןכָּֿלאֱֿלָה of any god, Ezra 6:12 כָּלמֶֿלֶח וְעַם; כל אנשׁ די every man who = whoever, Dan 3:10; Dan 5:7; Dan 6:13; Ezra 6:11; Dan 2:10 שׁאל כל מלך ֗֗֗ לא no king hath asked . . ., vDan 2:35; Dan 4:6; Dan 6:5; Dan 6:24 so כָּלדִּֿי (= Hebrew כָּלאְִֿשֶׁר) whoever Dan 6:8; Ezra 7:26, whatever vEzra 7:23, בְּכָלדִּֿי wherever Dan 2:38(compare אְִשֶׁר 4 b γ).

3. emphatic כֹּלָּא, used absolutely, as Hebrew הַכֹּל (Biblical Hebrew 2 b): Dan 2:40 חָשֵׁל כֹּלָּא crushing all things, Dan 4:9; Dan 4:18 וּמָזוֺן לְכֹלָּאבֵֿהּ and food for all was in it, v.Dan 4:25 כֹּלָּא מְטָא all came upon N. (compare חַכֹּל בָּא Josh 21:43), Ezra 5:7 שְׁלָמָא כֹלָּא all peace (K^{§ 83 d};) compare in Hebrew כֻּלּוּ etc., after their noun : Biblical Hebrew 1 d a). — For כָּלקְָֿבֵל see קְָבֵל.

all, every, any, whole, one, …

kōl

properly, the whole; hence, all, any or every (in the singular only, but often in a plural sense)

all, the whole

all, the whole of

נְעָרַ ֔י

נְעָרַ

Root word child, men, man, lad, servant, …

֔י

Suffix — pronoun my / me

Dictionary form: נַעַר · na-AR

Noun — Common, masculine plural, construct state plural — usually add "-s"; "___ of …" — bound to the next word

In the KJV here: my servants

the child ×15 the lad ×14 the young men ×11 the young man ×9 a young man ×8 his servant ×8 young men ×8 and the child ×7

More options

young man — Most broadly useful; general default rendering.

boy — Prefer when subject is clearly a child, not an adult.

youth — Emphasizes age stage; good for narrative or poetic contexts.

servant — Use when context stresses attendant or subordinate role.

lad — Informal, slightly warmer tone; suits personal or relational scenes.

attendant — Prefer when military or official service role is prominent.

BDB5274 H5288

I. נַ֫עַר noun [masculine] usually interpreted as a shaking, scattering, abstract for concrete = scattered ones, only Zech 11:16, but text corrupt, see We Now.

child, men, man, lad, servant, …

naʿar

(concretely) a boy (as active), from the age of infancy to adolescence; by implication, a servant; also (by interch. of sex), a girl (of similar latitude in age)

a boy, lad, servant, youth, retainer

boy, lad, youth

קְבוּצִ֥ים

Root word gather, together, gathered, assemble, gathereth, …

Dictionary form: קָבַץ · kaw-BAHTS

Verb — Qal, Participle Passive, masculine plural, absolute state simple action — "he did" a settled state — try "___ed"

In the KJV here: were gathered

and gather ×11 gathered together ×7 gathered themselves together ×5 gather ×4 will i gather ×4 and gathered ×3 and will gather ×3 be gathered ×3

More options

gather — Broadest, most versatile rendering; fits most contexts.

assemble — Prefer for formal or communal gatherings of people.

collect — Better for objects, resources, or scattered things.

bring together — Emphasizes active agency of a gatherer or leader.

rally — Good for military or urgent mobilization contexts.

amass — Suggests large-scale accumulation; suits wealth or armies.

BDB7286 H6908

קָבַץ₁₂₇ verb gather, collect (synonym אָסַף) (Arabic grasp, seize; Sabean קבץֿ harvest, in ׳דֿק, attribute of 'Attar, according to Fell^{ZMG liv (1900), 237 f.}; Ethiopic is fail, despair; Late Hebrew קִבָּץ = Biblical Hebrew); —

Qal Perfect 3 masculine singular ׳ק 1Kgs 20:1 Imperfect 3 masculine singular יִקְבָּץֿ Ps 41:7, וַיִּקְכֹּץ Gen 41:48 +, etc.; Imperative masculine singular קְבֹץ 1Kgs 18:19, masculine plural קִבְצוּ 1Sam 7:5 +; Infinitive construct suffix לְקָבְצִי Zeph 3:8 Participle active קֹבֵץ Ezek 22:19; Prov 13:11 passive plural קְכוּצִים Neh 5:16 — gather, collect:

1. with accusative of thing, grain Gen 41:35; Gen 41:48 (E), booty Deut 13:17 (+ אֶל location), money 2Chr 24:5 (+ מִן person), so Ezek 16:31 (Gr Toy Krae, reading לִקְבֹּץ from לְקַלֵּס, compare ᵐ5 ᵑ6. Symm); accusative omitted קֹבֵץ Prov 13:11 one gathering by degrees; figurative אָֿוֶן לוֺ׳לִבּוֺ יִק Ps 41:7 his heart gathereth wickedness to itself.

2. usually with accusative of person gather, assemble, + ה locative 1Sam 7:5; 1Sam 29:1 (for battle); + אֶל location 1Kgs 18:20; Ezra 8:15; Esth 2:3 + אֶל person 2Sam 3:21; Hab 2:5 (in figurative; || אָסַף); + עַל (= אֶל) person 1Kgs 11:24 + אֶל person and location 1Kgs 18:19; 2Chr 32:6 + מִן local 2Chr 23:2, compare Ezra 7:28 accusative of person alone 1Kgs 22:6 = 2Chr 18:5; 2Kgs 10:18; Neh 7:5 (+ infinitive purpose), Joel 2:16 (|| אָסַף), 2Chr 15:9; 2Chr 24:5; 2Chr 25:5 passive with שָׁם + עַל of work Neh 5:16 for ׳י's judgement Zeph 3:3 (|| אָסַף), Ezek 22:20 compare vEzek 22:19 (+ אֶלאתּוֺךְ; figurative of metals into furnace); specifically for war, battle, Judg 12:4; 1Sam 28:1; 2Sam 2:30; 1Kgs 20:1; 2Kgs 6:24 + לַצָּבָא 1Sam 28:1 (1Sam 29:1 see above). Niph`al Perfect 3 plural נִקְבְּצוּ Josh 10:6 +, etc.; Imperfect 2 masculine singular תִּקָּבֵץ Ezek 29:5 3 masculine plural וַיִּקָּֽבְצוּ 1Sam 7:6 +, etc.; Imperative masculine plural הִקָּֽבְצוּ Gen 49:2 +; Infinitive construct הִקָּבֵץ Ezra 10:7 +; Participle plural נִקְבָּצִים Jer 40:15, suffix נִקְבָּצָיו Isa 56:8 —

1. intransitive assemble, gather 1Sam 25:1; Gen 49:2; Isa 45:20; Isa 48:14; Isa 49:18; Isa 60:4; Joel 4:11; 2Chr 20:4 (+ infinitive purpose) 2Chr 32:4 for war 1Sam 28:4; Josh 10:6 (with אֶל against); with ה locative 1Sam 7:6, accusative of location Ezra 10:7; Ezra 10:9; 2Chr 15:10 with אֶל person unto Jer 40:15; 1Chr 13:2; Ezra 10:1; Neh 4:14, compare 2Chr 13:7 (עַל for אֶל); אֶל person + ה locative 1Chr 11:1 with יַחְדָּו Hos 2:2; Isa 43:9 (|| אָסַף), Ps 102:23 of birds and beasts Isa 34:15 (with שָׁם), Ezek 39:17.

2. passive be gathered Isa 60:7 (of flocks, + ל person), Esth 2:8 ( + אֶל location), vEsth 2:19 participle with suffix person Isa 56:8; Ezek 29:5 (|| אסף) read תִּקָּבֵר Hi (not Sm) Co Berthol Toy Krae. Pi`el₅₁ Perfect 3 masculine singular suffix וְקִכֶּצְךָ Deut 30:3 consecutive, קִבְּצָם Mic 4:12; Ps 107:3, קִכְּצָן Isa 34:16 3 feminine singular קִבָּ֑צָה Isa 1:7, etc.; Imperfect יְקַבֵּץ Isa 11:12; Isa 40:11, etc.; Imperative, masculine singular suffix קַכְּצֵנוּ 1Chr 16:35; Ps 106:47 Infinitive absolute קַכֵּץ Mic 2:12 construct קַכֵּץ Isa 66:13 etc.; Participleמְקַכֵּץ Nah 3:18 +, etc.; — gather together:

1. usually of ׳י gathering his dispersed people (accusative), sometimes under figure of flock: Mic 2:12 + infinitive absolute (|| אָסַף), Mic 4:6; Zeph 3:19; Zeph 3:20; Jer 31:10; Zech 10:8; Isa 54:7; Isa 56:8a, compare also Isa 40:11 with accusative + מִן local Deut 30:3; Deut 30:4; Jer 23:5; Jer 29:14; Jer 31:8; Jer 32:37; Ezek 11:17 + 6 t. Ezekiel + Ezek 37:21 (מִסָּבִיב), Isa 11:12; Isa 43:5; Zech 10:10; Neh 1:9 Psalm + Neh 106:4, compare || 1Chr 16:35; Ps 107:3 accusative + עַל person Isa 56:8b (compare Niph`al Participle); = (gather and) restrain Hos 8:10 (with accusative alone); of ׳י gathering dispersed Egyptians, accusative + מִן local Ezek 29:13 gathering the nations (accusative) for judgment Mic 4:12; Isa 66:18; Joel 4:2 gathering lovers of Jerusalem (under figure of harlot) Ezek 16:37 (twice in verse) (מִסָּבִיב + עַל person against); gathering beasts into Edom Isa 34:16.

2. men subject: מִצְרַיִם תְּקַבְּצֵם מֹף תְּקַבְּרֵם Hos 9:6 (compare Ezek 29:5 Niph`al, above), Neh 13:11 with accusative of thing Mic 1:7 (+ מִן), Isa 22:9; Isa 62:9; Prov 28:8 אֵין מְקַבֵּץ none that gathereth Isa 13:14 (accusative omitted), Nah 3:18 (id.), Jer 49:5 (followed byלַֹנּדֵד, compare ל 3 near the end).

3. perhaps (gather and so) take away (= אָסַף 4), Nah 2:11; Joel 2:6 see פָּארוּר. Pu`al Participle מְקֻבֶּצֶת Ezek 38:8 (with מִן) of land (for people) of Israel Hithpa`el gather together (intransitive), be gathered together. Perfect 3 plural הִתְקַבְּצוּ Judg 9:47; 1Sam 7:7 (+ ה locative); Imperfect 3 masculine plural וַיִּתְקַבְּצוּ 1Sam 8:2; 1Sam 22:2 (+ אֶל person), ׳יִתְק Isa 44:11 for battle, war, Imperative masculine plural הַתְקַבְּצוּ Jer 49:14 Imperfect also Josh 9: (with יִחְדָּו, + infinitive purpose), + אַחֲרֵי person 2Sam 2:25.

gather, together, gathered, assemble, gathereth, …

qābaṣ

to grasp, i.e., collect

to gather, assemble

(Qal) to gather, collect, assemble

to assemble, gather

שָׁ֖ם

Adverb there, thence, thither, where, therein, …

Dictionary form: שָׁם · shawm

Adverb

In the KJV here: thither

there ×309 and there ×67 thither ×56 from thence ×50 thence ×32 where ×30 him there ×10 therein ×9

More options

there — Default spatial adverb; fits most contexts naturally.

in that place — More explicit; use when location needs emphasis.

to that place — Directional sense; use when movement toward is implied.

from there — Point of departure; replaces archaic 'from thence/thence'.

where — Relative clause contexts; links location to a preceding noun.

there in it — Renders the 'therein/within it' locative nuance.

BDB10005 H8536 H8033

תַּמָּה adverb there (so Egyptian Aramaic (RÉS^{361 B 5} [also תנה^{A 4}, so Cilician Aramaic, Cooke^{68. 5}, compare Palmyrene תנן ib.^{121. 3}, Syriac ] S-C^{A 4, J 6}); ᵑ7 תַּמָּן, Syriac , see Biblical Hebrew שָׁם); — Ezra 5:17; Ezra 6:1; Ezra 6:12 ׳מִןתֿ thence Ezra 6:6.

BDB8775 H8033 H3074

שָׁם adverb there, thither (Arabic there, compare then; Biblical Aramaic תַּמָּה, Egyptian Aramaic תמה S-C^{Pap. A 4, J 6}, ᵑ7 תַּמָּן (with demonstrative n, compare אֱדַיִן beside אֲזַי), Syriac ; Zenj^{Had. 8} (Cooke¹⁵⁹) שם); —

1. a. there Gen 2:8; Gen 2:12; Gen 11:2; Gen 11:7; Gen 11:31 + often; placed early in sentence for emphasis, Mic 4:10 שָׁם תִּנָּצֵ֑לִי, Nah 3:15; Ezek 32:22; Ezek 32:24; Ps 104:26 +, וְשָׁם ֗֗֗ Gen 41:12; Exod 15:27; Num 13:22; Num 13:33 +, שָׁם ֗֗֗ וְשָׁם Exod 15:25; Deut 12:14; Isa 27:10; Job 3:17 +, וְהִנֵּה שָׁם ֗֗֗ Gen 29:2, כִּי שָׁם ֗֗֗ Gen 11:9; Gen 21:31; Gen 35:7; 2Sam 1:21; 2Sam 15:21 +, אַךְ שָׁם ֗֗֗ Isa 34:14; Isa 34:15, גַּם שָׁם ֗֗֗ Isa 23:12; Isa 57:7; Ps 139:10 resuming a preceding 'where,' Job 39:30 בַּאֲשֶׁר חֲלָלִים שָׁם הוּא, Judg 5:27; Jer 22:12; Eccl 11:3, compare Eccl 1:7. Repeated, שָׁם ֗֗֗ שָׁם here ... there Isa 28:10; Isa 28:13. In poetry, pointing to a spot in which a scene is localized vividly in the imagination, Ps 14:5 שׁם פחדו פחד there feared they a fear! Ps 36:13, compare Ps 48:7; Ps 66:6; Ps 132:17; Hos 6:7; Zeph 1:14. — Hab 3:4 read probably (We Now) שָׂם the flashes at his side made he the hiding of his power; Eccl 3:17 שָׁם = with God, in the Divine plan or scheme: but read perhaps שָׂם Hi De and others
b. preceded by the rel., אֲשֶׁר שָׁם where, Gen 2:11; Exod 20:21; 1Sam 9:10 +, usually with one or more words between, Gen 13:3; Gen 13:14; Gen 19:27; Exod 29:42; 2Sam 11:16; 2Kgs 23:27 + often; after בַּאֲשֶׁר, בַּאֲשֶׁר הוּא שָׁם Gen 21:17. With אשׁר omitted (the relative being indicated by construct, Ges^{«GKC:130c»§ 130 c, d}) Ezek 39:11 מְקוֺם שָׁם קֶבֶר ׳בְּיִשְׂר a place where a grave (may be) in Israel, but ᵐ5 ᵑ7 Co Or and others read שֵׁם a place of renown.

2. thither, after verbs of motion ( = שָׁ֫מָּה, see 3), Deut 1:37 לֹא תָבאֹ שָׁם, Judg 19:15; Judg 21:10; 1Sam 2:14; 1Sam 9:6 and elsewhere; אֲשֶׁר ֗֗֗ שָׁם whither, 1Kgs 18:10; 1Kgs 21:18; 2Kgs 1:4; 2Kgs 1:6; 2Kgs 1:16; Isa 20:6, more often in Jeremiah, Ezekiel, as Jer 8:3; Jer 22:27; Jer 23:3; Jer 23:8; Jer 45:5 +, Ezek 4:13; Ezek 12:16; Ezek 36:20; Ezek 36:22 +; so שֶׁשָּׁם Ps 122:4.

3. with ה locative, שָׁ֫מָּה (sh¹mm¹h):
a. after verbs of motion, thither, Gen 19:20 לָנוּס שָׁ֫מָּה to flee thither, vGen 19:22; Gen 20:13; Gen 24:6; Gen 29:3; Deut 1:38 + often; = into it, therein (of a basket, pit, etc.), Exod 16:33 וְתֶןשָֿׁ֫מָּה מְלֹא הָעֹמֶר, Exod 21:33 וְנָפַל שָׁמָּה, Exod 30:18; Judg 8:25; 2Kgs 12:10 pregnantly, after a verb implying motion, as to bury, Gen 23:13 וְאֶקְבְּרָה אֶתמֵֿתִי שָׁ֫מָּה, Gen 25:10; Gen 49:31; Gen 50:5 (all P), נוֺעַד to meet Exod 29:42; Exod 29:43; Exod 30:6; Exod 30:36; Num 17:19 (all P), Josh 2:16; Josh 7:3; Jer 13:7; Joel 4:7, perhaps Song 8:5 (? c).
b. אֲשֶׁר ֗֗֗ שָׁ֫מָּה whither Gen 20:13; Num 33:54; Deut 4:5; Deut 4:14 + often; where 2Kgs 23:8; 1Chr 4:41.
c. more rarely, i. q. שָׁם there, Gen 43:30 וַיֵּבְךְ שָׁ֫מָּה, Josh 2:1; Judg 16:27; 2Kgs 4:11; 2Kgs 9:16; Hos 2:17; Isa 22:18; Isa 34:15; Isa 65:9; Jer 18:2; Jer 27:22; Ezek 23:3; Ezek 32:29; Ezek 32:30 (Ezek 32:22 vEzek 32:24 vEzek 32:26 שָׁם), Ezek 48:35 שָׁ֫מָּה ׳י, Ps 76:4; Ps 122:5; Eccl 3:16.

4. מִשָּׁם from there, thence:
a. often after verbs of departing, taking, etc., Gen 2:10; Gen 11:8; Gen 11:9; Gen 12:8; Gen 18:16; Gen 24:7; Gen 42:2, etc., Num 13:23; Num 21:12; Num 22:41 וַיַּרְא מִשָּׁם, Deut 4:29 וּבִקַּשְׁתֶּם מִשָּׁם, Deut 30:4; Jer 37:12; Hos 2:17; Amos 9:2; Amos 9:3; Amos 9:4; Job 39:29 +. Peculiarly, Gen 49:24 ׳מִשָּׁם רֹעֶה אֶבֶן יִשְׂר Ges De RVm from there [from heaven], (from) the Shepherd (׳י), the Stone (Rock) of Israel, Ew Di Sta from there (where is) the Shepherd of (רֹעֵה) the (Bethel-)stone of Israel; but both forced: text dubious; Gunk by the name (מִשֵּׁם; so ᵑ6) of the Shepherd, etc. (as Ew Di).
b. אֲשֶׁר ֗֗֗ מִשָּׁם whence Gen 24:5; Num 23:13 +.
c. expressing origin, Gen 3:23 the ground אֲשֶׁר לֻקַּח מִשָּׁם, Gen 10:14 whence (= from whom) came forth the Philistines, Judg 19:18 מִשָּׁם אָנֹכִי, 1Sam 10:12 אִישׁ מִשָּׁם, Isa 65:20.
d. of the mass, from which something is taken or made, Gen 27:9; Gen 30:32 (of צאֹן), Lev 2:2 ׳וְקָמַץ מִשָּׁם זגו (from the meal, etc., of a מנחה), 1Kgs 17:13 אַךְ עֲשִׁי לִי מִשָּׁם עֻגָה קְטַנָּה i.e. from the meal and oil, 2Kgs 7:2; 2Kgs 7:19 וּמִשָּׁם לֹא תאֵֹכל׃, Ezek 5:3.

there, thence, thither, where, therein, …

šām

there (transferring to time) then; often thither, or thence

there, thither

there

עַל

Preposition upon, against, over, in, for, …

Dictionary form: עַל · al

Preposition

In the KJV here: unto

upon ×1122 against ×378 over ×273 for ×229 in ×225 on ×187 by ×148 unto ×137

More options

on — Best default; spatial or metaphorical contact with a surface.

over — Prefer for authority, covering, or movement across.

about — Use for topics, concerns, or matters relating to something.

against — Use for hostility, opposition, or transgression.

concerning — Formal register; suits legal or prophetic discourse.

because of — Causal sense; when עַל introduces a reason.

BDB3996 H3588 H5921 H3651

כִּי עַל כֵּן forasmuch as, a peculiar phrase found Gen 18:5; Gen 19:8; Gen 33:10; Gen 38:26; Num 10:31; Num 14:43; Judg 6:22; 2Sam 18:20 Qr (rightly), Jer 29:28; Jer 38:4 — literally for therefore, emphasizing the ground pleonastically (Ew^{§ 353 a} ). The original force of the phrase is traceable in some of the passages in which it occurs, as Gen 18:5 let me fetch a morsel of bread, and comfort your heart; כִּיעַֿלכֵּֿן עֲבַרְתֶּם עַל עַבְדְּכֶם for therefore (that is, to partake of such hospitality) are ye come to your servant, Num 14:43 the Amalekite and the Canaanite are there, and ye will fall by the sword, כִּיעַֿלכֵּֿן שַׁבְתֶּם for therefore (to encounter such a fate) have ye turned back from ׳י etc.: but in process of time the distinct sense of its component parts was no doubt gradually obscured, and it thus came to be used conventionally, as a mere particle of causation, even where there was no preceding statement to which עַל כֵּן therefore could be explicitly referred. אֲשֶׁר עַל כֵּן appears to be used similarly (compare אֲשֶׁר 8 c) Job 34:27.

BDB6085 H5920 H5921

עַל, עָ֑ל (compare Kö^{ii. 261 f.}) I. substantive height (poetry) Hos 7:16 יָשׁוּבוּ לֹא עָֹל they return (but) not upwards (i.e. not God-wards), Hos 11:7 וְאֶלעַֿל יִקְרָאֻהוּ they (the prophets) call it (the people) upwards, (but) none striveth to rise; as adverb accusative, 2Sam 23:1 the man הֻ֣קַּם עָ֔ל (that) is raised up on high. With מִן, מֵעָ֑ל, (ה)שׁמים מֵעָ֑ל (the) heavens above Gen 27:39; Gen 49:25; Ps 50:4 (opposed to מִתַּחַת Exod 20:4. In prose מִמַּעַל).

II. As preposition upon, and hence on the ground of, according to, on account of, on behalf of, concerning, beside, in addition to, together with, beyond, above, over, by, on to, towards, to, against (SI^4.6; Moabite, Aramaic id.; Phoenician על, and עלת; Palmyrene, Nabataean על; Sabean עלי, Arabic ); — abbreviated from עֲלֵי (compare אֱלֵי, עֲדֵי), which is preserved in poetry, Gen 49:17 (twice in verse); Gen 49:22 (twice in verse); Num 24:6 (twice in verse); Deut 32:2 (twice in verse); Isa 18:4; Jer 8:18; Mic 5:6; Lam 4:5; 1Kgs 20:41 Qr, Job 7:1 Qr + 10 t. Psalms, 3 t. Proverbs, 15 t. Job; with suffix עָלַי; עָלֶיךָ, עָלַיִךְ ( Ps 116:7 the Aramaizing form עָלָ֑יְכִי); עָלָיו, Psalm 1Sam 2:10 עָלָו, עָלֶיהָ; 1 plural עָלֵינוּ; 2 masculine plural עֲלֵיכֶם, Exod 12:13 עֲלֵכֶם, 2 feminine plural עֲלֵיכֶן Ezek 23:49 3 masculine plural עֲלֵיהֶם, 13 t. in Pentateuch עֲלֵהֶם Gen 45:15, etc. (Kö^{ii. 305}), in poetry עָלֵ֫ימוֺ Deut 22:23 + 11 t. Psalms, Job (perhaps sometimes, Ges^{«GKC:103i»§ 103i}, N.); 3 feminine plural עֲלֵיהֶן, Lev 3:4; Lev 3:10; Lev 3:15 עֲלֵהֶן (on the apparently plur. form of עֲלֵי, עָלַי etc., see Kö^{ii. 309 ff.}, and compare below עַד).

1. Upon, of the substratum upon which an object in any way rests, or on which an action is performed; as עלהֿארץ upon the earth Gen 1:11; Gen 1:26; Gen 7:6, etc., Ps 110:6 על ארץ רבה over a wide country; על האדמה upon the ground Ezek 20:12 + often, Amos 7:12 עַל אֲדָמָה טְמֵאָה, Isa 14:2 ׳על אדמת י, Ps 137:4 עַל אַדְמַת נֵכָר (אֲרָמָה being properly ground, soil, is construed regularly with על, באדמה being very rare), more definitely על פני האדמה Gen 6:1; Num 12:3 + often; על מקום Lev 14:28; Jer 45:5 (uncommon: usually בְּ); Deut 17:20; Isa 9:6 על מַמְלַכְתּוֺ upon his realm, 2Chr 1:1 על בָּֽתִּים very strangely Hos 11:11 (read וַהֲשִׁבֹתִים with ᵐ5 : see 7 c α β); constantly after such verbs as נוח, ישׁב, רכב, etc., Gen 8:4; Exod 11:5 כתב על to write (idiomatic) on a book or other surface, Josh 10:13, etc.; יצא על go forth over Gen 41:45; Zech 5:3; Ps 81:6 with נִשְׁעַן, נִסְמַךְ, בָּטַח (figurative), to lean or trust upon: Gen 3:14 to go עַל גְּחֹנְךָ upon thy belly, Gen 32:32 to limp עַל יְרֵכוֺ upon his thigh, 1Sam 14:13; Ezek 37:10; Judg 15:8 to smite שׁוֺק עַל יָרֵךְ leg upon thigh, i.e. so that the scattered limbs fall one upon another, Amos 3:15. And with reference not a horizontal surface but to a side, Lev 1:5 + זָרַק עַל to pour against the altar, 1Kgs 6:5; 1Kgs 6:18 to build against the temple, Josh 10:27, etc. Figurative Exod 23:13 let it not be heard עַל פִּיךָ upon thy mouth (in our idiom, upon thy lips, as Prov 22:18), Ps 15:3 לֹא רָגַל עַל לְשֹׁנוֺ he slandereth not (i.e. prepares not slander) upon his tongue, 2Sam 23:2 וּמִלָּתוֺ עַל לְשׁוֺנִי, Prov 16:23; Prov 16:27; Prov 31:26; Eccl 5:1 compare עַל שְׂפָתַיִם נָשָׂא or עַל פֶּה Ps 16:4; Ps 50:16; Ezek 36:3b.

Specially
a. —
(a) of clothing, etc., which any one wears, Gen 37:23 the tunic אשׁר עליו which was upon him, Josh 9:5; 1Kgs 11:30; Ruth 3:15 +; Gen 24:30; Gen 38:30; 2Sam 13:18, of a sword 2Sam 20:8; Song 3:8 so הָיָה עַל Lev 16:4; Deut 22:5; Ezek 44:18; 1Chr 15:27; 1Chr 18:7 (|| 2Sam 8:7 אֶל); compare לֹא יַעֲלֶה עָלֶיךָ Lev 19:19; Ezek 44:17, and with הֶעֱלָה, below, 7 b.

(b) With verbs of covering or protecting, even though the cover or veil be not over or above the thing covered, but around or before it ('upon' referred to a side) : see גָּנַן, כָּסָה, סָכַךְ, עָטָה Neh 2:8 יד אלהי הטובה עלי, compare vNeh 2:18; Ezra 7:6; Ezra 7:9; Ezra 8:18; Ezra 8:22; Ezra 8:31; Exod 27:21 the veil that is over (i.e. before) the testimony, 1Sam 25:16 חוֺמָה הָיוּ עָלֵינוּ they were a wall about us; סָגַר עַל to shut in (or down) upon Exod 14:13; Job 12:14; Ezek 13:5; Job 13:27; Job 26:9; Job 36:30 he spreadeth his light עָלָיו about him.

b. Of what rests heavily upon a person, or is a burden to him, Isa 1:14 הָיוּ עָלַי לָטֹרַח they are a cumbrance upon me, Job 7:20 I am a burden עָלַי upon myself, 2Sam 15:33 (compare with אֶל 2Sam 19:36); כָּבַד עֶל to be heavy upon Exod 5:9 and elsewhere (see כָּבַד); of sin, calamity, etc. Isa 53:5; Ezek 33:10; Ps 88:8; Job 21:9; 2Chr 15:5; 2Chr 28:13; Eccl 6:1; Eccl 8:6 (compare 5 a β); Lev 7:20 וְטֻמְאָתוֺ עָלָיו Lev 22:3: idiomatically, Gen 48:7 מֵתָה עָלַי רָחֵל Rachel died upon me (i.e. to my sorrow), Gen 33:13 וְהַבָּקָר עָלוֺת עָלַי are giving suck upon me (i.e. as a. care to me), Num 11:13 יִבְכּוּ עָלַי they weep upon me (vexing me), Judg 14:16; Judg 14:17; Judg 19:2 (see Be), 1Sam 21:6 to play the mad man upon me, Jer 12:11.
c. Of a duty, payment, care, etc., imposed upon a person, or devolving on him, as שָׂם עַל to lay upon, Exod 5:8; Exod 21:22; Exod 21:30 (שָׁת), Exod 22:4, compare Gen 47:26; 2Chr 35:25 with other verbs, Job 38:10; Deut 24:5; Deut 26:6; 2Kgs 15:20; 2Kgs 18:14; 2Kgs 23:33; Neh 10:33 (twice in verse); Esth 1:8; Esth 9:21; Esth 9:27; Esth 9:31 with צִוָּה enjoin upon Gen 2:16 + often, כתב prescribe to 2Kgs 22:13; Ps 40:8, נטשׁ cast upon 1Sam 17:20 (1Sam 17:22 על יד), נתן על יד (figurative) Gen 42:37; 2Kgs 12:12; 2Kgs 22:5, compare 1Kgs 14:27, עזב Ps 10:14, גלל Ps 37:5, השׁליך Ps 55:23, פקד Job 34:13 and elsewhere; Gen 30:28 נָקְבָה שְׂכָֽרְךָ עָלַי fix thy wages upon me (name thy wages to me), Gen 34:12 הַרְבּוּ עָלַי מְאֹד מֹהַר וּמַתָּן multiply upon me, etc., 2Sam 19:39 (pregnantly) whatsoever thou choosest (and layest) upon me; without a verb, Judg 19:20 רַק כָּלמַֿחְסֹערךָ עָלָ֑י only let all thy wants be upon me, Ezra 10:4; Ps 56:13 עָלַי נְדָרֶיךָ thy vows are upon me (i.e. I owe them: compare Num 30:7; Num 30:9; Num 30:15), Prov 7:14 זִבְחֵי שְׁלָמִים עָלָ֑י peace-offerings were upon me (= were due from me); perhaps Ps 62:1; Ps 77:1 (to the charge of); with an infinitive 2Sam 18:11 וְעָלַי לָתֵת and it would have been incumbent on me to give, etc., 1Kgs 4:7; Ezra 10:12 (accents [Baer], RVm), Neh 13:3, compare Zech 12:2 (Ew RVm); Num 7:9 (P) the service of ... was upon them, Ezek 45:17, so especially late 1Chr 9:27; 1Chr 9:33; 1Chr 23:31; 2Chr 2:3 לעולם זאת על ישׂראל 2Chr 8:15; 2Chr 24:9; Ezra 7:11; Neh 11:23; Isa 9:5 and the government is upon, his shoulder (compare Isa 22:22), 2Chr 25:3; Ps 7:11 ׳מָֽגִנִּי עַלאֿ my shield rests upon God (he has undertaken my defence), Ps 62:8 עלאֿלהים יִשְׁעִי וּכְבֹדִי.

d. על is used idiomatically to give pathos to the expression of an emotion, by emphasizing the person who is its subject, and who, as it were, feels it acting upon him: Ps 42:6 why art thou cast down, O my soul, וַתֶּהֱמִי עָלַי and disquieted upon me? vPs 42:7 my soul upon me is cast down, vPs 42:12; Ps 43:5; Lam 3:20; Ps 131:2 כְּגָמֻל עֲלֵי אִמּוֺ כַּגָּמוּל עָלַי נַפְשִׁי is my soul upon me; Ps 142:4 בְּהִתְעַטֵף עָלַי רוּחִי when my spirit faints upon me, Ps 143:4; Jonah 2:8; Jer 8:18 עָלַי לִבִּי דַרוָָּֽי ׃ my heart upon me is sick, Job 14:22 (twice in verse) (compare Di), Hos 11:8 נהפך עלי לבי my heart is turned (altered) upon me, 1Sam 17:32; 1Sam 25:36; Neh 5:7 וַיִמָּלֵךְ לִבִּי עָלַי and my heart took counsel upon me: compare Ps 42:5 I will pour out my soul upon me, Job 30:16; Job 10:1 אעזבה עלי שׂיחי I will let loose my complaint upon me. (Thes apud me, mecum. The rend. 'within me' alters entirely the point of view of the Hebrew expression, and is incorrect.) Denoting with some emphasis the subject of an experience, Job 30:2 עלימו אבד כָּ֑לַךְ, Dan 2:1 his sleep נִהְיְתָה עָלָיו was done with upon him (compare Aramaic Dan 6:19 נַדַּת עֲלוֺהִי), Dan 10:8 וְהוֺדִי נֶהְפַּךְ עָלַי (compare Dan 5:9; Dan 7:28): also, rather differently, Lev 18:18b Jer 49:20 אִם לֹא יַשִׁים עֲלֵיהֶם נְוֵהֶם, Mic 7:13; Ps 90:17b; Ps 7:9 according to my perfectness upon me, Ezek 18:20; Ezek 22:3; 2Chr 36:8.

e. חָיָה עַל to live upon (as upon a foundation or support; compare Isa 3:1, and Ζῆν ἐπί τινος), Deut 8:3 עַלהַֿלֶּחֶם, Isa 38:16 (compare Hi), Gen 27:40 על חרבך תחיה upon ( = by) thy sword thou shalt live (compare Kazwini^{ii. 17} ap. Tu), Ezek 33:19, compare vEzek 33:26. feminine Of the ground, or basis, on which a thing is done, as Gen 24:9 על הדבר הזה, Lev 17:12 if he offers it עַל תּוֺדָה on the ground of a thanks-giving, Num 6:21 עַל נִזְרוֺ, v^b Ezek 16:15; Ezek 28:17; Dan 8:25 עַל שִׂכְלוֺ, Dan 9:18 עַל צדקותינו, (with this use is extended so as to denote explicitly on condition of). Hence
(a) the basis being conceived as regulative, על comes to denote the norm or standard (compare German 'auf die Art' W^{AG ii. § 59 i}): the transition may be seen in a passage like Exod 24:8 the covenant which ׳י made with you on the basis of (על), or in agreement with, all these words (compare על פי Exod 34:27), Num 35:24 האלה על המשׁפטים, Deut 17:11; Jer 30:18 the palace shall sit (i.e. be inhabited: see ישׁב) עַל מִשְׁפָּטוֺ in accordance with its manner, Ps 94:20 who frames mischief עֲלֵיחֹֿק in accordance with a law, ... על פי according to the mouth (i.e. command, Gen 45:21 + oft, evidence Deut 17:6; Deut 19:15, sentence Deut 21:5) of . . .; עַל שֵׁם ֗֗֗֗ according to the name of . . . (mostly with call, be called) Gen 48:6; Exod 28:21; 2Sam 18:18 +, compare 1Chr 23:14; Exod 6:26; Exod 12:51 על צִבְאֹתָם according to their hosts (usually לְ), Num 1:18 על משׁפחתם (usually לְ) vNum 1:52; Num 2:2; Num 2:34; Num 7:3 (|| ל), Deut 18:8 (probably); עַל יְדֵי according to the hands (direction) of Jer 5:31; Jer 33:13 al.; Ps 110:4 ׳עַל דִּבְרָתִי מ after the manner of M.; Prov 25:11 (probably) a word spoken עַל אָעפנָיו in accordance with its circumstances = appositely; of the tune according to which a song is to be sung (RV. set to) Ps 6:1 (1Chr 15:21), Ps 8:1; Ps 9:1; Ps 12:1; Ps 45:1; Ps 46:1 (1Chr 15:20) עַלעֲֿלָמוֺת (perhaps, however, in the manner of maidens = for 'sopranos'), Ps 53:1; Ps 56:1; Ps 60:1; Ps 69:1; Ps 81:1; Ps 84:1; Ps 88:1 (compare in Syriac ).

(b) The basis being conceived as involving the ground, על denotes the cause or reason, on account of, because of, Gen 20:3 lo thou shalt die עַל הָאִשָּׁה on account of the woman, Gen 21:12; Gen 26:7; Gen 26:9; Gen 27:41; Gen 42:21; Lev 4:3; Lev 4:28; Lev 5:18; Lev 19:17; Lev 26:18; Lev 26:24; Lev 26:28; Deut 9:18; Deut 24:16 fathers shall not be put to death עלבֿנים on account of children, Deut 31:18; Josh 9:20; Jer 1:16; Jer 5:9; Ezek 18:26 עליהם (|| Ezek 33:18 בָּהֶם), Prov 28:21; Ps 39:12; Ps 50:8 + often; Ps 44:23 עָלֶיךָ הֹרַגְנוּ on thy account are we slain all the day, Ps 69:8; Jer 15:15 in the phrases דְּבַר עַ֗֗֗ל, עַל אוֺדוֺת, עַל זֹאת and עַל זֶה on this account, עַל מָה on what account ? עַלכֵּֿן = therefore (see דָּבָר, אוֺדָה, etc.); before an infinitive, as Exod 17:7 ׳וְעַל נַסּוֺתָם אֶתיֿ and on, account of their trying ׳י, Amos 1:3 עַל דּוּשָׁם on account of their threshing = because they threshed, vAmos 1:6 vAmos 1:9 vAmos 1:11 vAmos 1:13, etc., Jer 2:35 עַל אָמְרֵךְ because of thy saying, Jer 9:12; Jer 16:18 +; and as a conjunction both with and without אֲשֶׁר or כִּי (see below III). And so often of the ground or cause of fear, grief, delight, or other emotions, e.g. Exod 18:9; Exod 32:14 (נִחַם repent: so often), 1Sam 4:13; 1Sam 30:6; 2Sam 1:26; 2Sam 3:8; 1Kgs 21:4; 2Kgs 6:11; Jer 10:19; Amos 6:6.

(c) Somewhat more strongly, on behalf of, for the sake of, Gen 19:17 escape על נפשׁך forthy life; Judg 9:17; 2Kgs 10:3 נִלְחֵם עַל (usually ל); 1Kgs 2:18 I will speak on thy behalf to the king, v1Kgs 2:19 (2Kgs 4:13 לְ); Esth 4:16; Esth 4:8; Esth 7:7; Esth 8:11; Esth 9:16; Dan 12:1 על עמד stand up (in late Hebrew) on behalf of; התפלל על intercede for (usually בעד) Job 42:8; Neh 1:6; 2Chr 30:18; 2Chr 29:21; Ezra 8:35 and very often with כִּפֶּר (q. v.) make atonement for. (Not very common with other verbs.)

(d) Sometimes it acquires almost a final force, for; Exod 12:4; Exod 29:36; Exod 30:16; Deut 27:13 there shall stand עַלהַֿקְּלָלָה (|| vDeut 27:12 לְבָרֵךְ), Ps 89:4 עַלמַֿהשָּֿׁוְא בָּרָאתָ כָלעֿבּנֵיאָֿדָם unto what vanity hast thou created, etc.! Prov 29:5b 2Chr 23:18; Eccl 3:17.

(e) Of a condition, or attendant circumstances (rare; so , W^{AG ii § 59 e}): Ps 50:5 זָ֑בַח׃ עֲלֵי upon, with sacrifice, Ps 92:4 ׳עֲלי עָשׂוֺר וגו with a ten-stringed instrument, with a harp, with sounding music on a lyre; עַל רִיב upon occasion of a law-suit Exod 23:2; Ezek 44:24, עַל יוֺם טוֺב 1Sam 25:8 (compare at a time of. . . Qor 28:14), Neh 12:22 (? read עַד BeRy), Isa 18:4 כְּחֹם צַח עֲלֵי אוֺר at time of sunshine, Isa 64:11 עַל אֵלֶּה, Jer 8:18 עֲלֵי יָגוֺן at time of sorrow, Jer 16:7 (but Gie עַל אָבֵל to): with abstract substantives to form a periphrase for adverbs, Lev 5:22 and swear עַל שֶׁקֶר upon falseness = falsely, Jer 6:14 = Jer 8:11 to heal a wound עַל נְקַלָּה lightly, easily, Ps 31:24 עַל יֶתֶר = abundantly, Isa 60:7 עַל רָצוֺן = acceptably (compare = with delight).

(f) It hence acquires the force of in spite of, notwithstanding (so , W^{AG ii. § 59 h}), Job 10:7 עַל דַּעְתְּךָ in spite of thy knowing, Job 34:6 משׁפטי על notwithstanding my right I am to be a liar (Di De Da RV: otherwise Hi RVm). compare below, III c b.

(g) Upon, concerning, with verbs of speaking, as דִּבֶּר Judg 9:3; 1Kgs 5:13, אָמַר, Jer 16:3; Jer 27:19 (|| אל) Jer 33:4, hearing Gen 41:15 שָׁמַעְתִּי עָלֶיךָ I have heard concerning thee, saying, etc., 1Kgs 10:6; Isa 37:9 (|| 2Kgs 19:9 אל), disputing Gen 26:11, telling 1Sam 27:11; Joel 1:3, commanding 2Sam 14:8; 1Kgs 11:10, being vexed 1Kgs 21:4; 2Kgs 6:11, crying 2Kgs 8:5, confessing Ps 32:5; Neh 1:6 of the object of a prophecy or vision 1Kgs 22:8; Isa 1:1; Isa 2:1 and often with similar verbs.

(h) In a somewhat weaker sense, in the matter of, as regards, Gen 41:32 וְעַל הִשָּׁנוֺת הַחֲלוֺם, Exod 22:8; Ruth 4:7; Lev 5:22; Lev 5:26; Dan 9:14b Neh 9:33 חָטָא עַל Lev 4:14 (|| בָּהּ vLev 4:23, cognate accusative vLev 4:28), Lev 5:5; Num 6:11; Neh 13:26 עַלדְּֿבַר ֗֗֗ in the matter of, Num 25:18; Num 31:16.

2. It expresses excess (synonym מִן q. v.); Gen 48:22 I give thee שְׁכֶם אַחַר עַל אַחֶיךָ one shoulder (ridge) above thy brethren, Exod 16:5 מִשְׁנֶה על double above or beyond, Num 3:46; Deut 25:3 stripes עַלאֵֿלֶּה beyond these, Josh 3:15 Jordan מָלֵא עַל was full over all its banks (compare Josh 4:18; Isa 8:7b הלך על, עלה) Ps 138:2; Eccl 1:16; Dan 1:20 עֶשֶׂר יָדוֺת עַל ten times above (compare in Aramaic Dan 3:19, and Qor 37:153), Ezra 1:6 לְבַר עַל = beside (see בַּד); Ps 16:2 (si vera lectio) טוֺבָתִי בַל עָלֶיךָ my welfare is not beyond thee, i.e. does not lie outside thee. — Of time, Lev 15:25 if she has an issue עַל נִדָּתָהּ beyond her time of impurity (compare Isa 32:10, 4 b).

3. It denotes elevation or pre-eminence, as עליון על high (figurative) above, Deut 26:19 al., Deut 28:43 יעלה עליך will go up above thee, compare Prov 31:29; Ps 57:6; Ps 57:12 be thou exalted above the heavens, Ps 89:8; Ps 95:3; Ps 96:4, etc., Neh 9:5 with words (q. v.) such as גכר, גדל, חזק, נשׂא (Ni. Pi`el Hithpa`el), עזז, and especially those denoting rule or superintendence, as מלך, הפקיד; so with שָׁת, היה, נתן, Gen 41:33; Gen 41:40; Gen 41:43 שׂם; 1Sam 18:5 with פָּקִיד, שַׂר, מֶלֶךְ, etc., Gen 41:34; Exod 1:11; Exod 18:21, etc.; absolute 2Sam 8:16 Joab was עלהֿצבא over the host, 2Sam 20:23 b. v2Sam 20:24; 1Kgs 4:4-6; 1Kgs 5:30; Num 10:14ff.; 1Chr 9:23; 1Chr 9:26ff. 1Chr 27:25ff.; 2Chr 30:17; 2Chr 31:12 אֲשֶׁר עַל בֵּיתוֺ of Joseph's steward Gen 43:16; Gen 43:19; Gen 44:1; Gen 44:4 and in the official titles אֲשֶׁר עַלהַֿבַּיִת = the Governor of the Palace Isa 22:15 and elsewhere (see כַּיִת 6); אֲשֶׁר עַלהַֿמַּם the overseer of the forced labour 1Kgs 12:18 אשׁר עלהֿעיר the governor of the city 2Kgs 10:5, אשׁר על המלתחה v2Kgs 10:22.

4. It expresses addition (compare ἐπὶ in Greek, e.g.ἐπὶ τούτοις); namely
a. introducing the complement of a verb, as with יָסַף to add upon or to, Ps 61:7 + often (see יָסַף), שָׁת to put to Gen 30:40, נִלְוָה to be joined to Num 18:24; Isa 14:1 (also with אֶל), נָפַל: to fall to, i.e. desert to, Jer 21:9 +, עכר to pass over to Exod 30:13; Exod 30:14; Isa 45:14 (compare Isa 60:5); also Hab 2:16 תִּסֹּב כּוֺם עַל Lam 4:21; Esth 4:7 נֶחְשַׁב to be reckoned to Lev 25:31; 2Sam 4:2, היה על Num 36:12; Ps 69:28 תְּנָה עָוֺן עַל עֲוֺנָם, Isa 56:8 עוֺר אֲקַבֵּץ עָלָיו I will yet gather (others) unto him.

b. Used absolutely, as Gen 28:9 he took Mahalath עַל נָשָׁיו in addition to his (other) wives, Gen 31:50 (compare אל Lev 18:18), Num 31:8 עַל חַלְלֵיהֶם in addition to their slain (|| Josh 13:22 אֶל), Deut 23:14; Ezek 16:37; Ezek 16:43; Ezek 25:10; Isa 32:10 יָמִים עַל שָׁנָה days upon, in addition to, a year, 2Chr 31:15 יָמִים עַל יָמִים, Ezek 7:26 הֹוָה עַל הֹוָה תָבוֺא (|| אל), Jer 4:20 (if נִקְרָא = be proclaimed), Job 16:14 יִפְרְצֵנִי פֶרֶץ עַלפְּֿנֵיפָֿ֑רֶץ (compare Lag^{M iii. 112}; also Iliad 14:130 ἕλκος ἐφ’ ἕλκει, Odyssey 7:120f; Qoran 31:13). So often in laws of P (compare c), Lev 7:12 he shall offer עַלזֶֿבַת הַתּוֺרָה in addition to the sacrifice of thanksgiving, etc., vLev 7:13 b Num 6:20; Num 15:9; Num 28:10; Num 28:15; Num 28:24 (compare מִלְּבַר vNum 28:31; Num 29:6), Num 35:6; Ezek 16:43 (Hi Sm RV: compare Ezek 44:7 אל).

c. Hence by an easy transition it denotes together with, with, Exod 35:22 men together with (עַל) women, Job 38:32 וְעַיִשׁ עַלבָּֿנֶיהָ תַנְחֵם and the Bear with her children, wilt thou lead them? 1Kgs 15:20; Jer 3:18 the house of Israel with the house of Judah, Mic 5:2 (Ca Ke Kue; but al. as 7 c a), Gen 32:12 lest he come and smite me, אֵם עַל בָּנִים the mother with the children (compare Hos 10:14; Deut 22:6); and as a techn. term in the regulations for sacrifice, especially with אכל, Exod 12:8, יאֹכְלֻהוּ עַלמְֿדֹרִים together with bitter herbs they shall eat it, vExod 12:9 his head with (על) his legs, etc., Num 9:11; Deut 16:3 לֹאתֿאֹכַל עָלָיו חָמֵץ (compare Exod 23:18; Exod 34:25), vExod 34:3 in the phrase אכל על הדם to eat with the blood 1Sam 14:32; 1Sam 14:33 (1Sam 14:34 אל), Lev 19:26; Ezek 33:25 (compare in Greek e.g. ἐπὶ τῷ σίτῳ πίνειν ὕδωρ); see also Lev 2:2; Lev 2:16; Lev 3:4 (so vLev 3:10 vLev 3:15; Lev 4:9; Lev 7:4), Lev 4:11; Lev 7:13a, Lev 7:30; Lev 10:15; Lev 14:31; Lev 23:18; Lev 23:20; Num 6:17; Num 19:5; 1Chr 7:4.

5. It expresses the idea of being suspended, or extended, over anything, without however being in contact with it, above, over: Gen 1:20 let fowl fly over the earth, Gen 19:23 השׁמשׁ יצא על had come forth upon the earth (compare זרח על Exod 22:2 +; בא על go down [set] upon Deut 24:15; Mic 3:6; Job 25:3), Num 10:34; Num 14:14 and thy cloud stood עליהם over them, Deut 28:23 the heavens עלרֿאשׁך above overthy head, Isa 4:5; Isa 60:1; Isa 60:2; Zeph 2:11; Zech 9:14; Ps 7:8 over it return thou on high, Job 29:3 בְּהִלּוֺ נֵרוֺ עֲלֵי ראֹשִׁי (compare דעך לְ be extinguished over, Job 18:6), Song 2:4 his banner over me: figurative of protection Deut 32:38; Ps 68:35: with verbs of motion (expressed or implied), נשׁקף על to incline over 1Sam 13:18 +, ידו על נטה) Exod 14:16; Isa 23:11 + (compare Ps 21:12), הניף על to swing over Isa 11:15; Isa 19:16 השׁמיע על to proclaim over Jer 4:16; Amos 3:9, compare Num 10:10; 2Chr 13:12, שׁם על נקרא a name to be called over 2Sam 12:28 + (see קרא).

6. From the sense of inclining or impending over, על comes to denote contiguity or proximity, English by (or sometimes on): —
a. in designating localities, especially those beside water, Gen 14:16 עַלהַֿמִּדְבָּר by the wilderness, Gen 16:17 עַל עֵין הַמַּיִם by the spring of water, Gen 24:13; Gen 24:30; Gen 29:2 three flocks lying עָלֶיהָ by it (the well), Gen 41:1; Num 3:26; Num 13:29 עלהֿים by the sea, Num 22:5; Num 24:6 gardens עֲלֵי נָהָר. Deut 3:12; Deut 33:8; Judg 5:19; 1Sam 1:9 ׳על מזוזת היכל י (Ezek 46:2), 1Sam 4:1; 2Kgs 2:7 and they stood עלהֿירדן by the Jordan, 2Kgs 25:4; Isa 19:7; Isa 38:20; Ps 1:3 planted by water-courses, Jer 17:2; Jer 17:8; Job 30:4; Job 31:9 על פתח by the entrance, Prov 14:19, + often; על הדרך by the way Gen 38:21; 1Sam 24:4; Ezek 48:24ff. על גבולו adjoining his border; עבר על to pass by a place 1Kgs 9:18; Jer 18:16 +, figurative עבר על פשׁע to pass by transgression, i.e. to overlook it, Mic 7:18 and elsewhere: על יְמִין ֗֗֗ on the right of ... Ps 110:5 +, עַליַד ֗֗֗ , עַל יֶרֶךְ ֗֗֗ , עַל כֶּתֶף ֗֗֗ on the side of ... (see these words): less frequently (except as c) with reference to persons, Num 2:5 וְהַחֹנִים עָלָיו and those encamping next him, vNum 2:12 vNum 2:20 vNum 2:27; Num 6:9 וכי ימות מת עליו, 2Kgs 11:11 by the king round about (compare Num 3:26 above), ׳עבר על פ Gen 18:5; 2Kgs 4:9 +.

b. 2Sam 9:7; 2Sam 9:10 to eat bread ׳עַל שֻׁלְחַן פּ at any one's table, Exod 16:3 when we sat עַלסִֿיר הַבָּשָׂר, 1Sam 20:24 Kt to sit עַלהַֿלֶּחֶם at meat; 1Sam 25:13; 1Sam 30:24 to remain עַלהַֿכֵּלִים; Prov 23:30 to tarry long עלהֿיין at (or over) the wine, Job 39:9 עַלאֲֿבוֶּסךָ ׃ at thy crib: compare הַיּוֺשֵׁב עַל הַמִּשְׁפָּט Isa 28:6.

c. Idiomatically, with עָמַד and נִצַּב to stand by (literally over, — originally no doubt with reference to one supposed to be seated), Gen 18:2 three men נִצָּבִים עָלָיו standing by him, vGen 18:8 and he עֹמֵד עליו standing by him under the tree, Gen 24:30 by the camels, Gen 28:13; 1Sam 4:20; 2Sam 1:9; 2Sam 12:17; 2Sam 20:11; 2Sam 20:12; Amos 7:7 especially of persons standing about a superior, as servants or courtiers, Gen 45:1; Judg 3:19; 1Sam 22:6; 1Sam 22:7; 1Sam 22:17, of persons surrounding a judge Exod 18:13; Exod 18:14, of ׳י's heavenly ministers, 1Kgs 22:19 (compare Isa 6:2 ממעל לו), Zech 4:16, and with התיצב Zech 6:5; Job 1:6; Job 2:1 also of one standing by (properly leaning over) an altar or sacrifice Num 23:3; Num 23:6; 1Kgs 13:1 (compare 7 b) Amos 9:1 of an Ashérah by an altar Judg 6:25; Judg 6:28 (compare אֵצֶל Deut 16:21).

7. In connection with verbs of motion (actual or figurative): —
a. of motion from a higher place downwards, down upon: thus
(a) המטיר על to rain upon Gen 2:5; Gen 19:24, ירד על Gen 15:11, יצק על to pour upon Gen 28:18, ׳נפל על צוארי פ Gen 33:4, נפל על פניו to fall on his (own) face Gen 17:3; Gen 17:17, שׂם על to put upon, Gen 21:14; Gen 22:6; Gen 22:9; Gen 24:47 (Gen 24:22 Sam Di), נתן על כף to place on the hand of ... Gen 40:11; Gen 40:21, השׁליך על 2Sam 20:12, etc.; compare Job 29:22 וְעָלֵימוֺ תִּטֹּף מִלָּתִי, Mic 3:5; Nah 3:12.

(b) In different figurative connections, as of sleep falling upon one, Gen 2:21; Gen 15:12 of fear Gen 9:2; 1Sam 11:7 (see פַּחַד, חֲרָרָה, אֵימָה); of good or bad fortune, especially the latter, coming upon one, as with בוא and הביא, Gen 27:12; Deut 28:2 (in good sense), vDeut 28:15, Jer 5:12; Jer 19:3 (רעה, as often); of retribution, reproach, the Divine wrath, etc., with different verbs (הביא, נתן, ירד, חול, היה, etc.), as Gen 20:9; Num 12:11 חטאה; Gen 42:36 עַלַי הָיוּ כֻלָּנָה upon me are they all; Num 18:5 + (היה קֶצֶף על); Deut 19:10 דם (compare אל 2Sam 21:2 ᵐ5 We Dr), Judg 9:24; 1Kgs 2:32; 2Sam 16:8; Hos 12:15; 2Sam 3:29; 2Sam 15:14; 1Sam 11:2 חרפה; Jer 14:16; Jer 26:15 דם נקי (|| אל), Jonah 1:14; Ezek 7:3; Ezek 7:4; Ezek 7:8; Ezek 23:40; Ezek 36:29; Ps 7:17; Ps 94:2; Ps 94:23; Ps 109:5 וישׂימו עלי רעה תחת טובה (lay upon me: but Hu וישיבו, Prov 17:13), Prov 140:11 שָׁפַךְ חֵמָה על Ezek 7:8 + often; without a verb, Gen 16:5 חֲמָסִי עָלֶיךָ my wrong be upon thee, Jer 51:35 (|| אל); Gen 27:13 עלי קללתך; Gen 38:29 (accents, RVm); 2Sam 1:16 דמיך על ראשׁך; 2Sam 14:9 עָלַי הֶעָוֺן; Isa 24:17; Jer 48:43; Jer 50:27; Ezek 13:3 הוֺי על ֗֗֗ ; Ps 55:16 Kt.; of a blessing, Exod 32:29; Ps 3:9, a curse Deut 30:7, mercies (probably conceived specifically as descending from heaven) Ps 33:22; Ps 86:13; Ps 90:17; Ps 103:17 (with גבר be mighty over or upon, vPs 33:11; Ps 117:2), Ps 116:12; Ps 145:9; Ezra 3:11, שׁלום Ps 125:6; Ps 128:6; 1Chr 22:9.

(c) Introducing the object upon which an action, or emotion, especially if accompanied by a gesture, is conceived as being directed (but with some of these words, especially when they refer to an event, rather than a person, as Exod 18:9, על is to be explained from 1 f b). Thus with verbs denoting the manifestation of joy or grief, as שׂושׂ to rejoice over, גיל, שׂמח, התענג, התפאר, שׂחק, אבל, ספד, שׁמם, בכה Judg 11:37 +, נשׂא (משׁל) קינה to take up a lament, or proverb, over (see these words); probably also in הִנָּבֵא על prophecy over Ezek 11:4; Ezek 13:17 +; with חוּס, חָמַל, רִחַם to shew compassion on (compare 1Kgs 3:26 [Gen 43:30 אל], Song 5:4 [Jer 31:20 ל]); with שׁמר, שׁקד, הֵעִיר (Job 8:6) to guard or watch over; with יעץ to counsel upon Isa 14:26 +, חשׁב to devise (usually in bad sense, Jer 29:11 in good), דִּבֶּר (רעה Jer 11:17 +, טובה Jer 18:20; Jer 32:42), הֵקִים דָּבָר Jer 29:10. Of more distinctly phys. acts, with בכה to weep on Gen 45:14; Gen 45:15 +, שׁרק to hiss, ספק or תקע כף to clap the hand, הִכָּה כף Ezek 22:13 (|| אל); Isa 5:30 to growl over, Isa 31:4; Ezek 36:2; Job 30:5 הִתְוַדָּה to confess over (the goat), Lev 16:21; Exod 30:10a (probably); Deut 21:6; Job 6:27; Job 40:30.

b. From a lower place upwards, up upon, up to, as עלה על to go up upon: Exod 20:26; 1Sam 2:28; 1Kgs 12:33b 2Kgs 16:12b 2Chr 1:6 (an altar, i.e. to a ledge beside it; compare 2Kgs 23:9, and ירד Lev 9:22; 1Kgs 1:53); Judg 9:51; Isa 14:14; Isa 40:9, etc.; to come up upon (in different connections) Exod 10:12; Lev 16:9 (figurative), Lev 19:19; 1Sam 1:11; 1Sam 6:7; 1Kgs 10:16; 1Kgs 10:17 figurative עלה על לב Isa 65:17 + (see לב, לבב, 3 d); in Hiph`il 1Kgs 20:33 וַיַּעֲלֵהוּ עַל הַמֶּרְכָּבָה, Amos 8:10 (compare 1 a a), 2Sam 1:24; Ezek 37:6; Ps 137:6 (figurative), 2Chr 3:5; 2Chr 3:14 (= ornamented with); Deut 28:61 (compare Exod 15:26 b); 2Chr 20:34 the history of Jehu which הֹעֲלָח עַל was brought up upon (i.e. inserted in) the book of, etc. (compare 2Chr 32:32 and כתב על above 1); compare נטה יד עלהֿשׁמים up to heaven Exod 9:22; Exod 10:21; Exod 17:16.

c. Expressing direction towards (not common, except in sense against: see below) —
(a) with verbs of motion, properly of a person (or thing) moving to another so as either to stand above, or rest upon, it (compare Pusey^{Min. Pr. 333}), Exod 34:12 הארץ אשׁר אתה בא עליה (simile, of a land, or place, Exod 18:23; Num 11:12; 1Kgs 2:26 עֲנָתֹת לֵךָ עַלשָֿׂדֶיךָ, Ezek 32:9; Jer 3:18 b Jer 16:13; Jer 22:26, and after שׁוּב or הֵשִׁיב Jer 16:15; Jer 22:27; Jer 23:3; Jer 24:6 [but אֶל Jer 27:22; Jer 30:3 al.], Ezek 29:14; Gen 40:13 וֶהֱשִׁיבְךָ עלכַּֿנָּ֑ךָ, Gen 41:13; Gen 30:33 כִּי תָבאֹ עַל שְׂכָרִי to view my hire; בא על נפשׁ מֵת to enter in upon or beside a corpse; בא על אשׁה Gen 19:31; Deut 25:5 (usually אל); Josh 3:16 מַיִם יֹרְדִים עַל יָם, Ezek 47:8; 1Kgs 18:12 יִשָּֽׂאֲךָ עַלאֲֿשֶׁר לֹאאֵֿדָ֑ע, Ps 19:7; 2Kgs 16:12; 2Chr 20:24; Isa 53:1 upon whom (coming from above) was ׳י's arm revealed? Isa 62:10 העמים הרימו נֵס על over towards (but Isa 49:22 אל): but often it is dubious if this force is perceptible; and in general על in such cases seems to be used merely as a synonym — perhaps as a slightly more graphic synonym — of אֶל (compare p. 41); in the later language, also, it may be due partly to the influence of Aramaic, which does not use אֶל; thus
(a) with a personal object, with assemble or be assembled, Exod 32:1; 2Sam 17:11; 1Kgs 8:5; 1Kgs 11:24; 2Kgs 22:20 (2Chr 34:28 and usually אל), 2Chr 13:7, עלה Gen 38:12; Josh 2:8; 1Sam 14:10 (1Sam 14:9 v1Sam 14:12 אל), עבר 1Sam 14:4 (1Sam 14:1 אל), בא 2Sam 15:4 (see Dr) 1Chr 12:23f., יצא 2Kgs 24:12, הוליך 2Kgs 25:20, נגע Judg 20:34; Judg 20:41 (compare Isa 6:7; Jer 1:9), נס Isa 10:3, הלך Isa 22:15 (אל ֗֗֗ על), נשׂא Isa 30:6, שׁלח 2Kgs 18:27 (על ֗֗֗ אל ֗֗֗ על: || Isa 36:12 אל ֗֗֗ אל ֗֗֗ על), Jer 26:15; Jer 29:31; 1Chr 13:2; 2Chr 28:16; 2Chr 30:1; 2Chr 32:9; 2Chr 32:31; 2Chr 36:15; Neh 6:3, נגשׁ Ezek 9:6, שׁב, השׁיב Neh 4:6; Mal 3:24 (see c), followed by ׳על י 2Chr 15:4; 2Chr 30:9, התיצּב 2Chr 11:13 letters going ׳על פ Neh 2:7; Neh 6:17 a (v:b אל). (β) of places, Gen 24:49; 2Sam 2:19 + על ימין to the right; with הלך 1Sam 2:11; 1Kgs 20:43 עלבֿיתו (1Kgs 21:4 אל), 2Sam 15:20 ואני הולך על אשׁר אני הולך, Jer 1:7; Ezek 1:20 (Ezek 1:12 אל), הוליך 1Kgs 1:38 (1Kgs 1:33 אל), נהר Mic 4:1 (|| Isa 2:2 אל), Jer 31:12 (אל ֗֗֗ על), נגשׁ Ezek 44:13 (|| אל), עלה 1Sam 24:23; 2Sam 19:1; 1Kgs 6:8 (|| אל), Ezek 41:7, בא Jer 14:3; Jer 51:51, (על הר) הביא Isa 66:20 (Isa 56:7 אל), ירד Jer 36:12, הִטָּה Prov 21:1, הסיר 2Sam 6:10 (|| 1Chr 13:13 אל), נתן Isa 29:12 (Isa 29:11 אל) Mic 1:14; Mic 3:5; Gen 42:37, השׁיב, שׁב, Num 33:7; Jer 11:10 (figurative, עַל עֲוֺנוֺת), Ps 35:13; Job 34:15 (Gen 3:19 אל), Prov 26:11; Eccl 1:6; 1Kgs 17:21; 1Kgs 17:22 (compare 1Sam 30:12 אל), השׁתחוה Lev 26:11 (probably), Isa 60:14 pregnantly Isa 24:22 אֻסְּפוּ עַל בּוֺר be collected (and delivered) into a dungeon: compare חוּשׁ עַל Job 31:5 (figurative), also to requite עַלחֵֿיק Isa 65:6; Isa 65:7 Kt. (Jer 32:18; Ps 79:12 אל). After נראה appear, Ps 90:16 (אל ֗֗֗ על). And as far as, unto (nearly = יַד) Gen 49:13 וְיַרְכָתוֺעַל צִידוֺן, Josh 2:7; Josh 18:13; Josh 19:12; Jer 31:39; Ezek 47:18; Ezek 48:21; Ezek 48:28; Ps 48:11; 1Chr 5:16.

(b) With אמר say to, 2Kgs 22:8; Jer 18:11 (אל ֗֗֗ על), Jer 22:6; Jer 23:2; Jer 23:35 (על ֗֗֗ אל), Jer 36:29; Jer 44:20 (אל ֗֗֗ על), דבר 1Sam 1:13 (Gen 24:45 אל), 1Kgs 9:5; Hos 12:11; Jer 6:10; Jer 10:1; Jer 11:2 (אל ֗֗֗ על), speak to Jer 25:2 (על ֗֗֗ אל), Jer 26:2, compare Esth 1:17, ׳היה דבר י Jer 25:1; 1Chr 22:8 compare 1Chr 11:10, ענה 2Sam 19:43, קרא Isa 34:14; 2Chr 32:18, שִׁוַּע Ps 18:42, הֵרַע 1Kgs 17:20, שֹׁרֵר, שָׁר sing Prov 25:20; Job 33:27, החליק Prov 29:5 ( Ps 36:3 אל), התפלל 1Sam 1:10, כתב 2Chr 30:1; Ezra 4:7; Esth 8:8, שׁמע 2Kgs 20:13 ( = Isa 39:2), Isa 22:13; Jer 23:16; Jer 26:5; Jer 35:18; Hag 1:12 see also הקשׁיב, האזין, הבין, התבונן, השׂכיל.

(c) Expressing (or implying) the direction of the mind, 2Sam 14:1 לב המלך על אבשׁלם; Mal 3:24; Ezra 6:22; Song 7:11 וְעָלַי תְּשׁוּקָתוֺ (Gen 3:16; Gen 4:7 אל); שָׂם לִבּוֺ על Job 1:8 (Job 2:3 אל), 1Sam 25:25 (אל ֗֗֗ על); Jer 22:17 thy eyes and thy heart are only (set) upon (על) ..., 1Chr 12:17; 1Kgs 1:20; 2Chr 20:12 עֵינֵינוּ כִּי עָלֶיךָ (elsewhere אל), 1Kgs 2:15 עָלַי שָׂמוּ פניהם, Ps 146:5 ׳שִׂבְרוֺ על י; Isa 10:25 וְאַפִּי עלתַּֿבְלִיתָם be (directed) towards their destruction, Jer 32:31 (Gf Ew compare RV); compare שׁעה על look to (trustfully) Isa 17:7; Isa 31:1. (The uses a, b, c are all exceptional: אל would be regularly employed.)

(d) With the force of over and towards (compare 5 and 7 a b, end): Ps 65:5 נוֺרָא עֲלִילָה עַל; to shine, etc. on, Ps 31:17 הָאִירָה פָנֶיךָ עַל (Num 6:25 אל); רָאָה עַל Exod 5:21 הוֺפִיעַ עַל Job 10:3 וְשַׂמְתִּי עֵינִי עַל Amos 9:4 + (compare Job 14:3; Job 24:3; Job 34:21); הִשְׁקִיף עַל look out over Ps 14:3 +.

d. In a hostile sense, upon, against: so very often, after every kind of verb expressing or implying attack, as בא Gen 34:25; Gen 34:27, נֶאֱסַף vGen 34:30, קצף to be angry Gen 40:2, לון to murmur Exod 15:24 עמד stand up Lev 19:16 +, קָם rise up Deut 19:11; Amos 7:9, נלחם Deut 20:10, חנה 1Sam 11:1; Ps 27:3, עלה 2Kgs 17:3, חרה אף Zech 10:3 (usually בְּ), שׁפך סללה Isa 37:33, צוּר besiege Deut 20:12, חשׁב to devise Gen 50:20; Jer 11:19, דִּבֶּר Deut 13:6 +, etc.: add Job 16:4 (twice in verse); Job 16:9; Job 16:10; Job 16:13; Job 19:12; Job 21:27; Job 30:12, etc.; היה על 2Sam 11:23; Num 31:3: הִנְנִי לַיִךְ (see אֶל 4); note also Judg 9:31; Judg 20:5: without a verb Isa 9:20; Judg 16:12 פלשׁתים עליך the Philistines are upon thee, Judg 20:9 עָלֶיהָ בְּגוֺרָל Against it by lot !

8. By writers of the silver age, על is sometimes used with the force of a dative, 1Chr 13:2 אִם עֲלֵיבֶם טוֺב (in classical Hebrew בְּעֵינֵיכֶם) if it seems good to you, אִם עַל הַמֶּלֶךְ טוֺב Neh 2:5; Neh 2:7; Esth 1:19; Esth 3:9; Esth 5:4; Esth 5:8; Esth 7:3; Esth 8:5; Esth 9:13 (compare in Aramaic Ezra 5:17; Ezra 7:18); עַל שָׁפַר Ps 16:6 (compare in Aramaic Dan 4:24); עָרַב עַל Ps 104:34 (elsewhere לְ); רַע לְ Eccl 2:17 (see De; compare בְּאֵשׁ עַל Dan 6:15): compare Job 22:2 סָכַן על be profitable to, Job 33:23 also גָּמַל עַל (in both good and bad sense: see גמל), Neh 5:19 עשׂה על, Neh 9:30 משׁך על prolong (mercy) to; הִטָּה חֶסֶד עַל Ezra 7:28; Ezra 9:9 (Gen 39:21 אל): 1Sam 20:8 read probably עם for על. compare Mishna חביב על, dear to; סני על hateful to; Syriac , , pleasant, acceptable to. — compare in general the uses of , W^{AG ii. § 59}.

9. With other particles: — עַל אַחֲרֵי Ezek 41:15 עַל בֵּין Ezek 19:11 (compare אל Ezek 31:10; Ezek 31:14); עַל לִפְנֵי Ezek 40:15 עַל מֵעַל Ezek 41:17 (text dubious), vEzek 41:20 עַל עֵבֶר Exod 25:37 (compare אל Ezek 1:9; Ezek 1:12); עַלבָּֿ֫כָה Esth 9:26. — On עַליַֿד, עַליְֿדֵי, עַל פִּי, עַלפְּֿנֵי, see יָד, פֶּה, פָּנִים.

III. As conjunction: a. עַל אֲשֶׁר because that . . . (compare above, II 1 f b), Exod 32:35 and ׳י plagued the people על אשׁר עשׂו because they had made, etc., Num 20:24; Deut 29:24 (in answer to על מה: so 1Kgs 9:9; Jer 16:11; Jer 22:9), Jer 32:51 (twice in verse); 1Sam 24:6; 2Sam 3:30; 2Sam 6:8; 2Sam 8:10; 2Sam 12:6; Ps 119:49 +.

b. עַל כִּי similar in meaning, but less frequent: Deut 31:17; Judg 3:12; Jer 4:28; Mal 2:14; Ps 139:14.

c. עַל alone:
(a) because, Gen 31:20 (E) עַל בְּלִי הִגִּיד, Ps 119:136 עַל לֹא.
(b) notwithstanding that (above, 1 f f), although, Isa 53:9 חָמָס עָשָׂה עַל לֹא although he did no violence, Job 16:7 עַל לֹא חָמָס בְּכַפָּ֑י.

IV. Compounds: —

1. with כְּ (rare and late),
a. as concerning, as upon Ps 119:14 כְּעַל כָּלהֿוֺן, 2Chr 32:19.
b. (pleon. for כְּ), Isa 59:18 כְּעַל גְּמֻלוֺת כְּעַל יְשַׁלֵּם the like of their deeds is the like of (that which) he will repay (כְּעַל repeated on the analogue of כְּ Num 15:15; Hos 4:9: see כְּ) = according to their deeds is (that which) he will repay, Isa 63:7 according to.

2. מֵעַל₃₀₄ from upon, from over, from by — used with much delicacy of application in many different connections, corresponding mostly with the different senses of על. Thus
a. from upon idiomatically, when removal, motion, etc., from a surface is involved, as מעל האדמה, מעל פני האדמה from upon (the face of) the ground, usually with expel, destroy, perish, etc. Gen 4:14; Gen 6:7; Gen 7:4; Exod 32:12; Deut 6:15; Deut 28:21; Deut 28:63 + often, especially Jeremiah and compiler of Kings; to be lifted up הארץ מעל Gen 7:17; Ezek 1:19; Ezek 1:21 +, to return or be dried (of water) מעל הארץ Gen 8:3; Gen 8:7; Gen 8:11; Gen 8:13 to roll a stone מֵעַל פִּי הַבְּאֵד Gen 29:3 of the cloud departing האהל מעל Num 9:17; Num 12:10, compare Neh 9:19 to rise up הַכִּסֵּא מֵעַל Judg 3:20; 1Kgs 2:4, מֵעַל מִשְׁכָּבוֺ 2Sam 11:2 to alight מֵעַל הַגָּמָל (נָפַלׅ Gen 24:64 (compare Josh 15:18 צנח, 1Sam 25:23 ירד), ירד מֵעַל הַמֶּרְכָּבָה Judg 4:15; 2Kgs 5:21 (נפל); to take מֵעַל ראֹשׁ Gen 40:19; 2Sam 12:30, מֵעַל הַמִּזְבֵּחַ Lev 16:12; Num 17:11; Isa 6:6 to see מֵעַל הַגָּנ 2Sam 11:2 to shoot מֵעַל הַחוֺמָה v2Sam 11:20 v2Sam 11:24 to speak מֵעַל הַכַּפֹּרֶת Exod 25:22; Num 7:89 to cast down מֵעַל יָדַיִם Deut 9:17; Lev 8:28 (כַּפַּיִם); to break, remove, etc., a yoke (צוארך) מעל שׁכמך Gen 27:40; Isa 10:27; Jer 28:10; Jer 28:11 to wipe tears מֵעַל כָּלפָּֿנִים Isa 25:8 to take a bandage מעל עיניו 1Kgs 20:41 (compare על v1Kgs 20:38); often of putting off a garment or ornament., as Gen 38:14; Gen 38:19 וַתָּסַר צְעִיפָהּ מֵעָלֶיהָ, Exod 33:5 הוֺרֵד עֶדְיְךָ מֵעָלֶיךָ, a sandal Exod 3:5; Josh 5:15, a ring מֵעַל יָדוֺ Gen 41:42 to seek (דרשׁ), or hear, words מֵעַל הַסֵּפֶר Isa 34:16; Jer 36:11 (compare כתב על ספד above); pregnantly with בָּלָה to wear away (and fall) from off, Deut 8:4; Deut 29:4, compare of the bones or skin in disease Job 30:17 עֲצָמַי נִקַּר מֵעָלָ֑י are pierced (and drop) from off me, vJob 30:30 עוֺרִי שָׁחַר מעלי is black (and falls) from off me; figurative 1Sam 1:11 הָסִירִי יֵינֵךְ מֵעָלַיִךְ remove thy wine from off thee; Num 14:9 סָר צִלָּם מֵעֲלֵיהֶם; Judg 16:19; Judg 16:20 סר מעליו ׳י (with allusion to the hair, as the seat of Samson's strength), 1Sam 16:23 (compare על in v1Sam 16:16).

b. Of relief from a burden or trouble: as of a plague, stroke, rod, etc., removed from (resting) on one, Exod 10:17 וְיָסֵר מֵעָלַי אֶתהַֿמָּוֶת הַזֶּה, Num 21:7; Num 25:8 ׳וַתֵּעָצַר הַמַּגֵּפָה מֵעַל ישׂר 2Sam 24:21; 2Sam 24:25), Ps 39:11 הָסֵר מֵעָלַי נִגְעֶ֑ךָ, Job 9:34; Job 13:21; Joel 2:20 of reproach Josh 5:9; Isa 25:8; Ps 119:22, iniquity Ezek 18:31; Zech 3:4, bloodguiltiness, 1Kgs 2:31, wrath Judg 8:3; Num 25:11; Prov 24:18, murmurings Num 17:21; Num 17:25 הֵקֵל מֵעַל to lighten from upon one Exod 18:22 +; Amos 5:23 הָסֵר מֵעָלַיהֲמוֺן שִׁירֶיךָ; pregnantly Jonah 1:11; Jonah 1:12 that the sea יִשְׁתֹּק מֵעָלֵינוּ may be calm from off us; to remove, etc., מֵעַל פָּנַי (see פָּנִים); 1Sam 6:20 to whom shall he go up מֵעָלֵינוּ — not merely 'from us,' but — from upon us (relieving us of his presence), so often of an army retiring from a country or raising a siege, 2Sam 10:14 ויָּשָׁב יוֺאָב מֵעַל בְּנֵי עַמּוֺן, 2Sam 20:21 וְאֵעלכָה מֵעַל הָעִיר, v2Sam 20:22 Ki 2Sam 3:27; 2Sam 18:14, especially with עָלָה, נַעֲלָה 1Kgs 15:19; Jer 21:2; Jer 37:5; Jer 37:11 +; 2Sam 19:10 David fled מעל אבשׁלום from Absalom (whom his presence had encumbered), Neh 13:28 וָאַבְרִיחֵהוּ מֵעָלַי, compare Gen 13:11; Gen 25:6; Num 20:21 מֵעָלָיו ׳וַיֵּט ישׂר, 2Chr 20:10; Exod 10:28 לֵךְ מֵעָלַי (contemptuously; be no more obnoxious to me), similarly 2Sam 13:17 שׁלחונֿא אתזֿאת מעלי (Amnon of Tamar).

c. From beside (compare על 6 c), in different nuances: Gen 17:22 God went up מעל אברהם from beside A., Gen 35:13; Gen 18:3 אל נא תעבר מעל עבדך (compare על vGen 18:5), Gen 42:24; Num 16:25; Num 16:27; 1Kgs 1:53 to come down מֵעַל הַמִּזְבֵּחַ (compare על 1Kgs 13:1 6 c and 7 b); from attendance on Gen 45:1 (compare על ib.), Judg 3:19 וְיֵּצְאוּ מֵעָלָיו כָּלהָֿעֹמְדִים עָלָיו 1Sam 17:15 (see Dr), 2Sam 13:9, compare1 Sam 2Sam 13:8; 2Sam 13:11; 2Kgs 25:5 (Jer 36:21 read עַל, מ being dittograph), compare 2Chr 35:15 from attachment to, ׳רָחַק מֵעַל י Jer 2:5; Ezek 11:15; Ezek 44:10, compare Ezek 8:6, ׳סָר מֵעַל י Jer 32:40; Ezek 6:9, ׳תָּעָה מֵעַל י Ezek 44:10; Ezek 44:15, compare Ezek 14:5; Deut 13:11 also סָר מֵעַל חַטּאֹות 2Kgs 10:31; 2Kgs 15:18 (usually מֵחטאות), compare Ezek 14:6; Ezek 23:18 from companionship with, Job 19:13 אַחַי מֵעַלַי הִרְחִיק; from accompanying protectingly 1Sam 28:15 וֵאלֹהִים סָר מֵעַלַי, v1Sam 28:16 (compare על Ps 110:5 and see Dr); from adhesion to 2Kgs 17:21 קָרַע ישׂראל מֵעַל בֵּית תָּוִד, Isa 7:17; Isa 56:6 יַבְדִּילַנִי מֵעַל עַמּוֺ ׳י, Hos 9:1 זָנִיתָ מֵעַל אֱלֹהֶיךָ.

d. In late Hebrew, = עַל above: 2Kgs 25:28 נָתַן ׳כִּסְאוֺ מֵעַל כִּסֵּא וגו (|| Jer 52:32 more class. מִמַּעַל לְ), Esth 3:1; Ps 108:5 גדול מעל שׁמים (|| Ps 57:11 עַד), Ps 148:4; Eccl 5:7 גָּבֹהַּ מֵעַל גָּבֹהַּ שֹׁמֵר, Neh 3:28; Neh 8:5; 2Chr 34:4 לְמַעְלָה מֵעֲלֵיהֶם on high above them; Ezek 41:17; Ezek 41:20. — Prov 14:14 read with De Now Str וּמִמַּעֲלָלָיו.

e. מֵעַל לְ (chiefly late, and pleonastic for עַל, or else = the more class. synonym מִמַּעַל לְ): (a) Gen 1:7 מֵעַל לָרָקִיעַ (Ezek 1:26 ׳מִמַּעַל לְ), Ezek 1:25 (text dubious; see Commentaries), 1Sam 17:39; Jonah 4:6; Mal 1:5 upon, over the border (territory) of Israel (so Köhl Ke: but Hi Ew We beyond, 2Chr 13:4 upon, mount Zemaraim, 2Chr 24:20. (b) beside 2Chr 26:19 מֵעַל לְמִזְבַּח הַקְּטֹרֶת; Neh 12:31 (twice in verse); Neh 12:37; Neh 12:38 (twice in verse); Neh 12:39 dubious: BeRy (in all) off the side of (מִן 6) = at a little distance from; Ke in vNeh 12:31 vNeh 12:38a upon, in vNeh 12:37 vNeh 12:38b; vNeh 12:39 by the side of (an ... vorüber).

BDB6111 H4192 H5921 H5961

עֲלָמוֺת, עַלמֿוּת etc., see עַלְמָה below II. עלם. below

BDB9768 H5922 H5921

עַל preposition upon, over, on account of, above, to, against (Biblical Hebrew and general Aramaic id.); — suffix 1 singular עֲלַי; 2 masculine singular עליך Kt (so Egyptian Aramaic, Cooke^{No. 77, A 5, 6, B 8}, S-C^{Pap. A 3, B 5} +), עֲלָךְ, Qr (ᵑ7 עֲלַךְ, Dalm^{§ 47, 2}) Dan 3:12 + 6 t. Daniel; Ezra 7:18 3 masculine singular עֲלוֺהִי (so Nabataean, Palmyrene; Egyptian Aramaic עלוי S-C^{A 6} +) Dan 3:28 +, עֲלֹהִי Ezra 6:11 3 feminine singular עליה Kt (so Egyptian Aramaic, S-C^{D 24}), עֲלַהּ Qr (so ᵑ7) Dan 4:14; Dan 5:21 1 plural עֲלֵינָא Ezra 4:12, עֲלֵ֑ינָא Ezra 4:18; Ezra 5:17 Baer (Gi עֲלֶ֑ינָא); 3 masculine plural עֲלֵיהֹם (so Nabataean, CIS^{ii. 226}; Egyptian Aramaic, S-C^{Pap. F 5, 8}+) Ezra 7:24, עֲלֵיהוֺן Ezra 5:1; Ezra 5:3 —

1. a. upon, Dan 2:10; Dan 2:28; Dan 2:46; Dan 5:5; Dan 5:7; Dan 6:11 + often, Dan 4:26 עַלהֵֿיכַל מַלְכוּתָא (2Sam 11:2); to be established עַל מַלְכוּתִי 2Sam 4:33 (compare 2Chr 1:1 Biblical Hebrew II. 1) to lay an impost upon, Ezra 7:24 to trust on, Dan 3:28 after a verb of motion, מְטָא עַל to come upon, Dan 4:21; Dan 4:25 of times, to pass over, Dan 4:13; Dan 4:20; Dan 4:22; Dan 4:29; Ezra 5:1 בְּשֻׁם אֱלָהּ יִשְׂרָאֵל עֲלֵיהוֺן i.e. (named) over them.
b. idiomatic (as in Biblical Hebrew; see II. 1 d) of the person who is the subject of an emotion or experience, Dan 5:9 וְזִיוֺתִי שָׁנַיִן עֲלוֺהִי were changed upon him, Dan 7:28; Dan 6:19 וְשִׁנְּתֵהּ נַדַּת עֲלוֺהִי (compare Dan 2:1).
c. on accusative of (Biblical Hebrew 1 f b), Dan 3:16 פִּתְגָּם עַלדְּֿנָה. So in עַלדְּֿנָה on this accusative Ezra 4:15; Ezra 4:22; Ezra 5:17, עַלמָֿה wherefore ? Dan 2:15 and עַל דִּבְרַת דִּי (see ׳דְּ).
d. on behalf of (ib. 1 f c), Ezra 6:17.
e. regarding, concerning (ib. 1 f g), Dan 2:18; Dan 5:14; Dan 5:29; Dan 6:6; Dan 6:13; Ezra 7:14 + often

2. over, with verbs of ruling, appointing, etc., Dan 2:48; Dan 2:49; Dan 3:12; Dan 4:14 +, Ezra 4:20; Ezra 6:18.

3. in a comparative sense, above, beyond, Dan 3:19; Dan 6:4.

4. expressing direction:
a. to, of a person, after a verb of motion (compare Biblical Hebrew 7 c a a), Dan 2:24; Dan 4:31; Dan 4:33; Dan 6:7; Dan 6:16; Ezra 4:12; Ezra 4:23 + often; after to send (a letter, etc.) Ezra 4:11; Ezra 4:17; Ezra 4:18; Ezra 5:6 +, write Ezra 4:7, prophesy Ezra 5:1 of the direction of the mind (ib. 7c c), Dan 3:12; Dan 6:14 (twice in verse); Dan 6:15 compare Ezra 5:5 הֲוַת עַל ׳וְעֵין אֱל (compare Jer 40:4 and אֶל Ps 34:16).
b. against, Dan 3:19; Dan 3:29; Dan 5:23; Dan 6:5; Dan 6:6 +; Ezra 4:8; Ezra 7:23.

5. in such phrases as שְׁפַר עַל, טְאֵב (to be) good or acceptable to (as in Syriac and late Hebrew: see Biblical Hebrew 8), Ezra 5:17 אִם עַל מַלְכָּא טָב, Ezra 7:18 (twice in verse); Dan 4:24 (יִשְׁפַּר), Dan 6:15 (בְּאֵשׁ), v.Dan 6:24 (טְאֵב). — compare the synopsis of meanings in Lzb³⁴⁰.

upon, against, over, in, for, …

ʿal

above, over, upon, or against (yet always in this last relation with a downward aspect) in a great variety of applications

(prep) upon, on the ground of, according to, on account of, on behalf of, concerning, beside, in addition to, together with, beyond, above, over, by, on to, towards, to, against

upon, on the ground of, on the basis of, on account of, because of, therefore, on behalf of, for the sake of, for, with, in spite of, notwithstanding, concerning, in the matter of, as regards

הַ מְּלָאכָֽה

הַ

Prefix — article the

מְּלָאכָֽה

Root word work, business, workmanship, workmen, works, …

Dictionary form: מְלָאכָה · meh-law-KAW

Noun — Common, feminine singular, absolute state

In the KJV here: the work

the work ×37 work ×31 in the work ×7 of work ×7 his work ×6 business ×5 of the work ×5 any work ×4

More options

work — Modernized from KJV; broadest and most versatile option.

task — Emphasizes a specific, assigned duty or job.

occupation — Best when referring to a regular trade or vocation.

craft — Highlights skilled or artisanal workmanship.

business — Suits commercial or administrative contexts.

goods — Use when מְלָאכָה refers to physical property or belongings.

BDB4281 H4399

מְלָאכָה₁₆₇ noun feminine occupation, work (for *מַלְאָכָה; compare Phoenician מלאכת labour) — ׳מ Exod 12:16 + 102 t.; מְלָ֑אכֶת 2Chr 13:10 construct מְלֶאכֶת Exod 35:24 + 42 t.; suffix מְלַאכְתְּךָ Jonah 1:8 מְלַאכְתֶּ֑ךָ Exod 20:9 + 2 t.; מְלַאכְתּוֺ Gen 2:2 + 13 t.; plural construct מַלְאֲכוֺת 1Chr 28:19 suffix מַלְאֲכוֺתֶיךָ Ps 73:28 —

1. occupation, business, מַה מְּלַאכְתְּךָ what is thy occupation Jonah 1:8 business of a steward Gen 39:11 (J); diligent in business Prov 22:29 slack in business Prov 18:9.

2. property in which one is occupied, רעהוּ ׳מ his neighbour's property Exod 22:7; Exod 22:10 (E); possessions of herds and flocks Gen 33:14 (J), 1Sam 15:9 (compare מִקְנֶה); רבה ׳מ great property 2Chr 17:13.

3. work as something done or made:
a. of God in creation Gen 2:2 (twice in verse); Gen 2:3 (P), in judgment Jer 50:25, in general Ps 73:28.
b. of men, עור ׳מ leather-work Lev 13:48; Lev 13:51 (P), השׂדה ׳מ work in the field 1Chr 27:26 in building Prov 24:27 +, the walls of Jerusalem Neh 4:5 +, making the tabernacle and its furniture Exod 36:2 +, the temple 1Kgs 5:30 +; work of the potter Jer 18:3, of the seaman Ps 107:23, of the Levites 1Chr 26:29, of priests in the sacrifices 2Chr 29:34 מְלָאכֶת (ה)עֲבֹדָה phrase of P, Exod 35:24; Exod 36:1; Exod 36:3; Lev 23:7; Lev 23:8; Lev 23:21; Lev 23:25; Lev 23:35; Lev 23:36; Num 28:18; Num 28:25; Num 28:26; Num 29:1; Num 29:12; Num 29:35 also 1Chr 9:13; 1Chr 9:19; 1Chr 28:13; 1Chr 28:20; 2Chr 24:12 לעבדה ׳המ 1Chr 23:24 ׳עבדה למ Exod 36:5 (P); compare the phrase ׳עֹשֵׂה המ workmen Ezra 3:9; Neh 2:16 ׳עֹשִׂים במ 1Kgs 5:30; 1Kgs 9:23 +; ׳כל מ any work forbidden on the Sabbath Exod 20:9; Exod 20:10; Lev 23:3 (P) Deut 5:13; Deut 5:14; Jer 17:22; Jer 17:24 on holy convocations Exod 12:16; Lev 16:29; Lev 23:28; Lev 23:30; Lev 23:31; Num 29:7 (P).

4. workmanship, כל מלאכה in every kind of workmanship, phrase of P: Exod 31:3; Exod 31:5; Exod 35:29; Exod 35:31; Exod 35:33; Exod 35:35 and Chronicles: 1Chr 22:15; 1Chr 28:21; 1Chr 29:5; 1Kgs 7:14.

5. service, use Lev 7:24; Lev 11:32; Judg 16:11; Ezek 28:13.

6. public business:
a. political 1Kgs 11:28; 1Chr 29:6; Dan 8:27; Esth 3:9; Esth 9:3.
b. religious, putting away foreign wives Ezra 10:13 יהוה ׳מ 1Chr 26:30 הַקֹּדֶשׁ׳מ Exod 36:4; Exod 38:24 (P), קדשׁ הקדשׁים ׳מ 1Chr 6:34 אהל ׳מ מועד Exod 35:21 (P), ׳בית י ׳מ 1Chr 23:4; Ezra 3:8; Ezra 6:22; Neh 10:34; Neh 11:22.

work, business, workmanship, workmen, works, …

mĕlāʾkâ

properly, deputyship, i.e., ministry; generally, employment (never servile) or work (abstractly or concretely); also property (as the result of labor)

occupation, work, business

occupation, business

political

Word Breakdown

Vowels & Accents

Grammar C/Ta

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Brown-Driver-Briggs (BDB)

Strong's Definition H1571

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Vowels & Accents

Grammar R/Ncfsc

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Brown-Driver-Briggs (BDB)

Strong's Definition H4399

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Vowels & Accents

Grammar Td/Ncfsa

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Brown-Driver-Briggs (BDB)

Strong's Definition H2346

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Vowels & Accents

Grammar Td/Pdxfs

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Brown-Driver-Briggs (BDB)

Strong's Definition H2063

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Vowels & Accents

Grammar Vhp1cs

Verb Chart

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Brown-Driver-Briggs (BDB)

Strong's Definition H2388

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Vowels & Accents

Grammar C/Ncmsa

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Brown-Driver-Briggs (BDB)

Strong's Definition H7704

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Vowels & Accents

Grammar Tn

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Brown-Driver-Briggs (BDB)

Strong's Definition H3808

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Vowels & Accents

Grammar Vqp1cp

Verb Chart

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Brown-Driver-Briggs (BDB)

Strong's Definition H7069

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Vowels & Accents

Grammar C/Ncmsc

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Brown-Driver-Briggs (BDB)

Strong's Definition H3605

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Vowels & Accents

Grammar Ncmpc/Sp1cs

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Brown-Driver-Briggs (BDB)

Strong's Definition H5288

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Vowels & Accents

Grammar Vqsmpa

Verb Chart

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Brown-Driver-Briggs (BDB)

Strong's Definition H6908

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Vowels & Accents

Grammar D

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Brown-Driver-Briggs (BDB)

Strong's Definition H8033

Word Breakdown

Vowels & Accents

Grammar R

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