Numbers 11:33 — Hebrew Word by Word

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Word Parts

הַ בָּשָׂ֗ר

הַ

Prefix — article the

בָּשָׂ֗ר

Root word flesh, kin, body, myself, nakedness, …

Dictionary form: בָּשָׂר · baw-SAWR

Vowels & Accents

Hebrew Alephbet

Grammar Td/Ncmsa

Noun — Common, masculine singular, absolute state

הַ	Speech Particle Type Definite Article
בָּשָׂר	Speech Noun Type Common Gender Masculine Number Singular State Absolute

In English

In the KJV here: and while the flesh

flesh ×74 the flesh ×34 his flesh ×24 of the flesh ×9 of his flesh ×8 and the flesh ×7 my flesh ×7 of flesh ×7

More options

flesh — Modernized KJV form; still natural in most contexts.

body — Prefer when emphasizing physical human form.

skin — Best for outer bodily surface or nakedness contexts.

meat — Use when referring to animal flesh as food.

kin — Use for relational 'bone and flesh' kinship expressions.

mortal being — Best for 'all flesh' as humanity or living creatures.

Brown-Driver-Briggs (BDB)

BDB1368 H1320

בָּשָׂר₂₆₆ noun masculine flesh (compare Arabic skin, Syriac , Assyrian bišru, blood-relation, Dl^{Assyrian Stud. i. 143, compare Pr. 170}, Sabean בשר תורם flesh of bulls) — Gen 2:21 + 126 t.; construct בְּשַׂר Gen 17:11 + 40 t.; suffix בּשָׂרִי etc. Ps 16:9 + 96 t.; plural בְּשָׂרִים Prov 14:30 —

1. of the body:
a. of animals Gen 41:2-19; Exod 21:28; Exod 22:30; Num 12:12 (E) Num 11:4-33 (JE) Gen 9:4 + (P 30 t.) Deut 12:15 + (D 9 t.) Judg 6:19-21; 1Sam 2:13; 1Sam 2:15; 1Kgs 17:6; 1Kgs 19:21; Job 31:31; Job 41:15; Ps 50:13; Prov 23:20; Isa 22:13; Isa 44:16; Isa 44:19; Isa 65:4; Isa 66:17; Jer 7:21; Jer 11:15; Ezek 4:14 + 6 t. Dan 10:3; Hos 8:13; Mic 3:3; Hag 2:12; Zech 11:9; Zech 11:16.
b. of men Gen 40:19 (E) Gen 2:21; Exod 4:7 (J) Lev 12:3; Lev 13:2 + 16 t. Lev 26:29 (P) Deut 28:53; Deut 28:55; Deut 32:42; Judg 8:7; 1Sam 17:44; 1Kgs 4:34; 1Kgs 5:10; 1Kgs 5:14; 1Kgs 6:30; 1Kgs 9:36; Job 2:5; Job 4:15; Job 6:12; Job 7:5; Job 10:11; Job 13:14; Job 19:20; Job 19:22; Job 21:6; Job 33:21; Job 33:25; Ps 27:2; Ps 38:4; Ps 38:8; Ps 79:2; Ps 102:6; Ps 109:24; Prov 4:22; Prov 5:11; Isa 9:19; Isa 17:4; Isa 49:26; Isa 37:6; Isa 37:8; Isa 39:17; Isa 39:18; . The flesh of the body is contrasted with stone Ezek 11:19; Ezek 36:26.

2. flesh for the body itself (especially in P): על בשׂר אדם לא ייסך upon the body of man it shall not be poured Exod 30:32 (P); מכנסי בד ילבשׁ על בשׂרו linen drawers shall he put on his body Lev 6:3; Lev 16:4 (P); וישׂם שׂק על בשׂרו 1Kgs 2:27; ורחץ את בשׂרו and he shall bath his body Lev 14:9; Lev 15:13; Lev 15:16; Lev 16:24; Lev 16:26; Lev 16:28; Lev 17:16; Lev 22:6; Num 19:7; Num 19:8 (P); שׂרט לנפשׁ לא תתנו בכשׂרכם ye shall not put any cutting for any one in your body Lev 19:28 compare Lev 21:5 (P); והעבירו תער על כל בשׂרם and they shall pass a razor over all their body Num 8:7 (P). Ecclesiastes uses בשׂר only in this sense Eccl 2:3; Eccl 4:5; Eccl 5:5; Eccl 11:10; Eccl 12:12 elsewhere this usage only in poetry; the body antithetical to נפשׁ Job 14:22; Isa 10:18; Ps 63:2 לב Ps 16:9; Ps 84:3; Prov 14:30 (only here emphatic plural = entire body Bö^{§ 695}, Leiblichkeit De); מִבְּשָׂרִי apart from my body, in disembodied state Job 19:26 סמר מפחדך בשׂרי my body trembleth for fear of thee Ps 119:120.

3. make organ of generation (euphemism): בְּשַׂר עָרְלַתְכֶם Gen 17:11; Gen 17:14; Gen 17:23; Gen 17:24; Gen 17:25 (P); בשׂר ערוה Exod 28:42 (P), but בשׂר Gen 17:14; Lev 15:2-19 (P) Ezek 16:26; Ezek 23:20; Ezek 44:7; Ezek 44:9.

4. flesh for kindred, blood-relations: עצם מעצמי ובשׂר מבשׂרי bone of my bone and flesh of my flesh Gen 2:23 (J); והיו לבשׂר אחד and they shall become one flesh Gen 2:24 (J); עצמי ובשׂרי Gen 29:14 (J) Judg 9:2; 2Sam 5:1; 2Sam 19:13; 2Sam 19:14; 1Chr 11:1 בשׂר with suffix in same sense Gen 37:27 (J) Neh 5:5; Isa 58:7, for which שְׁאֵר בשׂרו near of kin, man or woman Lev 18:6; Lev 25:49 (both H; Lev 25:49 || מִשְׁפָּחָה, compare RS_k¹⁴⁹).

5. man over against God as frail or erring Gen 6:3 (J) Ps 56:5; Ps 78:39 eyes of flesh Job 10:4 arm of flesh 2Chr 32:8; Jer 17:5 horses are flesh not spirit Isa 31:3

6. the phrase ׃כָּלבָּֿשָׂר
a. all living beings Gen 6:17; Gen 6:19; Gen 7:21; Gen 9:11; Gen 9:15; Gen 9:16; Gen 9:17; Lev 17:14; Num 18:15 (P) Job 34:15; Ps 136:25.
b. animals Gen 7:15; Gen 7:16; Gen 8:17 (P).
c. mankind Gen 6:12; Gen 6:18; Num 16:22; Num 27:16 (P) Deut 5:28; Ps 65:3; Ps 145:21; Isa 40:5; Isa 40:6; Isa 49:26; Isa 66:16; Isa 66:23; Isa 66:24; Jer 12:12; Jer 25:31; Jer 32:27; Jer 45:5; Ezek 21:4; Ezek 21:9; Ezek 21:10; Joel 3:1; Zech 2:17 compare כל בשׂר אישׁ Job 12:10.

BDB7797 H7307 H5315 H3824 H1320 H3820

רוּחַ₃₇₈ noun feminine^{Gen 41:8} (less often masculine^{Exod 10:13} +) breath, wind, spirit; — absolute ׳ר Gen 8:1 +, ר֑וּחָה Jer 52:23 construct רוּחַ Gen 6:17 +; suffix רוּחִי vGen 6:3 +, רוּחֲךָ Ps 104:30 +, etc.; plural רוּחוֺת vPs 104:4 +, רֻחוֺת Jer 49:36, רוּחֹת Num 16:22; Num 26:16 (see Br^{רוח in O.T., JBL xix (1900), 132 ff.}, full statement of all passages); —

1. breath of mouth or nostrils (33 t.):
a. רוּחַ פִּיו Job 15:30 breath of his mouth, compare Job 19:17 רוּחַ אַפֵּינוּ Lam 4:20 (figurative of king), of idols לֹא רוּחַ בָּם Jer 10:14 = Jer 51:17, Hab 2:19; Ps 135:17 compare Job 9:18.
b. as mere breath: compare 2 e. דִּבְרֵירֿוּחַ Job 16:3 i.e. windy words; נוֺאָשׁ לְרוּחַ אִמְרֵי Job 6:26, הַנְּבִיאִים יִהְיוּ לְרוּחַ Jer 5:13.
c. as word of command: (1) of God: (נעשׂו) בְּרוּחַ פִּיו כָּלֿ צְבָאָםPs 33:6, compare Isa 34:16 (|| פֶּה); (2) of Messianic king: בְּרוּחַ שְׂפָתָיו יָמִית רָשָׁע Isa 11:4.
d. as hard breathing through the nostrils in anger: (1) of God: מֵרוּח אַפּוֺ יִכְלוּ Job 4:9; Exod 15:8 (poem), 2Sam 22:16 = Ps 18:16; Isa 30:28; Isa 59:19 (2) of man: רוּחַ עָרִיצִים Isa 25:4.
e. as sign and symbol of life: רוּחַ חַיִּים breath of life Gen 6:17; Gen 7:15 (P); נִשְׁמַת רוּחַ חַיִּים בְּאַפָּיו Gen 7:22 (P); Ezek 37:5, compare vEzek 37:6 vEzek 37:8 vEzek 37:9 vEzek 37:9 vEzek 37:9 vEzek 37:10 vEzek 37:14 (breath or spirit), Eccl 3:19.

2. wind (117 t.):
a. wind of heaven: Gen 8:1 (P) Exod 15:10 (E) Num 11:31 (J) 1Kgs 18:45 +, Jer 10:13, thence Jer 51:16; Ps 135:7 ׳רוּחַ י Hos 13:15; Isa 40:7, compare Job 26:13 (Di Bu); רוּחַ (ה)קָדִים east wind Exod 10:13 (twice in verse); Exod 14:21 (J) Ps 48:8; Jer 18:17; Ezek 17:10; Ezek 19:12; Ezek 27:26; Jonah 4:8 צָפוֺן ׳ר north wind Prov 25:23 יָם ׳ר sea wind (west wind) Exod 10:19 (J); . הַיּוֺם ׳ר day wind, evening wind Gen 3:8 (J; compare Song 2:17; Song 4:6); אַרְבַּע רוּחוֺת four winds Jer 49:36; Ezek 37:9 (quarters?) Dan 8:8; Dan 11:4 (figurative quarters; compare b), Zech 2:10; Zech 6:5 רוּחַ סְעְרָה storm wind Ps 107:25; Ps 148:8; Ezek 1:4 (סְעָרוֺת ׳ר), Ezek 13:11; Ezek 13:13 רוּחַ סֹעָה rushing wind Ps 55:9 (read possibly סערה Hup); בַּעְיָם רוּחוֺ Isa 11:15 (read ׳בְּעֹצֶם ר, see עֲיָם, עֹצֶם), etc; wind personified: כַּנְפֵי רוּחַ 2Sam 22:11 = Ps 18:11; Ps 104:3, compare Hos 4:19; Ps 104:4.
b. quarter (of wind), side: רוּחַ הַקָּדִים Ezek 42:16 east side; רוּחַ הַצָּפוֺן vEzek 42:17 north side; רוּחַ הַדָּרוֺם vEzek 42:18 south side; רוּחַ הַיָּם vEzek 42:19 west side; אַרְבַּע רוּחוֺת vEzek 42:20; 1Chr 9:24 four sides; ר֑וּחָה Jer 52:23 on the sides.
c. breath of air: שָׁאֲפוּ רוּחַ כַּתַּנִּים Jer 14:6 רוּחַ לֹא יָבֹא בֵּינֵיהֶם Job 41:8.
d. air, gas, from womb (dubious): כְּמוֺ יָלַדְנוּ רוּחַ Isa 26:18 (Di, e); רוּחֲכֶם אֵשׁ תֹּאכַלְכֶם (RV breath) Isa 33:11 (Du, 3 c).
e. vain, empty thing: רוּחַיָּי֑ Job 7:7 my life is wind; דַּעַת רוּחַ Job 15:2 רוּחַ וָתֹהוּ נִסְכֵּיהֶם Isa 41:29 רְעוּת רוּחַ striving for wind Eccl 1:14; Eccl 2:11; Eccl 2:17; Eccl 2:26; Eccl 4:4; Eccl 4:6; Eccl 6:9 compare Eccl 1:17; Eccl 4:16; Eccl 5:15.

3. spirit, as that which breathes quickly in animation or agitation = temper, disposition (76 t.; so, distinctively, as compared with נֶפֶשׁ and לֵבָב):
a. spirit, animation, vivacity, vigour: לֹא הָיָה בָהּ עוֺד רוּחַ 1Kgs 10:5 = 2Chr 9:4 מַהזֶּֿה רוּחֲךָ סָרָה 1Kgs 21:5 וַתְּחִי רוּחַ Gen 45:27 (E); וַתָּשָׁב רוּחוֺ Judg 15:19; 1Sam 30:12.
b. courage: ׳לֹא הָיָה בָם עוֺד ר Josh 5:1 נְגִידִים ׳יִבְצֹר ר Ps 76:13 מִצְרַיִם ׳וְנָָֽבְקָה ר Isa 19:3 תתעטּף רוּחִי Ps 77:4; Ps 142:4; Ps 143:4 לֹא קָמָה ׳עוֺד ר Josh 2:11 אִישׁ יְכַלְכֵּל מַחֲלֵהוּ ׳ר Prov 18:14.
c. temper, especially anger: ׳רוּחַ רָעָה בֵּין וגו Judg 9:23 אָז רָֽפְתָה רוּחָם Judg 8:3 משֵׁל בְּרוּחוֺ Prov 16:32, compare Prov 25:28; Prov 29:11; Job 15:13 הֵנִיחוּ אֶתרֿוּחִי Zech 6:8; Eccl 7:9; Eccl 10:4.
d. impatience or patience: קֹצֶר רוּחַ Exod 6:9 (P) impatience, hastiness of temper, compare (of ׳י) Mic 2:7 קְצַררֿוּחַ Prov 14:29 (|| אֶרֶךְ אַפַיִם); הֱצִיקַתְנִי רוּחַ בִּטְנִי Job 32:18 (Du breath; Di Bu divine spirit, compare vJob 32:8); אִם מַדּוּעַ לֹאתִֿקְצַר רוּחִי Job 21:4 ׳הֲקָצַר רוּחַ י Mic 2:7 ׳אֶרֶךְ ר Eccl 7:8.
e. spirit, disposition, as troubled, bitter, or discontented; וַתִּפָּעֶם רוּח(וׅ (his) spirit was troubled Gen 41:8 (E) Dan 2:3, compare vDan 2:1 מֹרַת רוּחַ Gen 26:35 (P) bitterness of spirit; ׳עֲצוּבַת ר Isa 54:6, compare Ezek 3:14; Job 6:4. feminine as crushed: וְכִהֲתָה כָלרֿוּחַ Ezek 21:12, compare Isa 61:3; Prov 15:4; Prov 15:13; Prov 17:22; Prov 18:14; Ps 143:7.
g. disposition of various kinds, often unaccountable and uncontrollable impulse: הֵעִיר אֶתרֿוּחַ 1Chr 5:26 (twice in verse); 2Chr 21:16; 2Chr 36:22; Ezra 1:1; Ezra 1:5; Jer 51:11; Hag 1:14 (3 t. in verse); הִנְנִי נ(וֺ)תֵן בּוֺ רוּח2Kgs 19:7 = Isa 37:7; Num 14:24 (J; see עִם 4 b), Mal 2:15 (twice in verse); Mal 2:16; Deut 2:30 רוּחַ קִנְאָה jealous disposition Num 5:14 (twice in verse); Num 5:30 (P); רוּחַ וְנוּנִים Hos 4:12; Hos 5:4 רוּחַ עִוְעִיםIsa 19:14 רוּחַ מִשְׁפָּט Isa 28:6 אִישׁ אֲשֶׁר רוּחַ אֱלהִֹרם בּוֺ (administrative) Gen 41:38 (E); קַר רוּחַ אִישׁ הְּבוּנָה Prov 17:27.
h. prophetic spirit: יְהוֺשֻׁעַ אִישׁ אֲשֶׁרֿ רוּחַ בּזֹNum 27:18 (P; or g, as Gen 41:38); רוּחַ אֵלִיָּהוּ עַלאֱֿלִישָׁע2Kgs 2:15, compare v2Kgs 2:9 רוּחַ תַּרְדֵמָה spirit of deep sleep (ecstatic, compare Gen 2:21; Gen 15:12, but Di and others g, as Isa 19:14) Isa 29:10; Mic 2:11 רוּחַ הַטֻמְאָה Zech 13:2 (of lying prophets), compare Ezek 13:3.

4. spirit of the living, breathing being, dwelling in the בָּשָׂר of men and animals, || נֶפֶשׁ (25 t.):
a. gift and creation of God: יֹצֵר רוּחַ אָדָם בְּקִרְבּוֺ Zech 12:1 רוּחַ אֱלוֺהַּ בְּאַפִּי Job 27:3, compare Isa 42:5.
b. God preserves it: פְּקֻדָּֽתְךָ שָֽׁמְרָה רוּחִי Job 10:12, compare Job 12:10 אֱלֹהֵי הָרוּחֹת לְכָל בָּשָׂ֑ר Num 16:22; Num 27:16 (P); תֹּכֵן רוּחוֺת Prov 16:2.
c. it is therefore God's spirit: Gen 6:3 (J; see דִּין near the end).
d. it departs at death: Ps 78:39 (Dr a wind that passeth away 2 e); חַיֵּי רוּחִי Isa 38:16 (Di principle of life), Ps 146:4 especially Ps 104:29; Ps 104:30; Job 17:1; Job 34:14 (compare vJob 34:15), Isa 57:16; Eccl 8:8 (twice in verse) (wind Wild); אֵינְךָ יוֺדֵעַ מַהדֶּֿרֶךְ הָרוּחַ Eccl 11:5, compare Eccl 3:21 over ag. הָרוּחַ תָּשׁוּב אֶלהָֿאֱלֹהִים אֲשֶׁר נְתָנָהּ Eccl 12:7 בְּיָָֽדְךָ אַפְקִיד רוּחִי Ps 31:6.
e. disembodied being (dubious, Di Du breath of wind): וְרוּחַ עַלפָּֿנַי יַחֲלֹף Job 4:15.

5. spirit as seat of emotion = נֶפֶשׁ:
a. desire (possibly 3 g), Isa 26:9 (|| נֶפֶשׁ).
b. sorrow, trouble (probably 3 e), Job 7:11 (|| נֶפֶשׁ). — 1Sam 1:15 see קָשֶׁה.

6. occasionally, (and late) = seat or organ of mental acts, || לֵב, or synonym with it: רוּחַ חָכְמָה Exod 28:3; Deut 34:9 (both P; probably 3 g); תּעֵי רוּחַ Isa 29:24, compare Job 20:3 (Hi Bu Du wind of Job's words), Ps 77:7 (ᵐ5 Symm ᵑ6 Jerome troubled disposition); רוּחַ יהוה Isa 40:13 come into mind (compare לֵב Isa 65:17; Jer 3:16 +); 1Chr 28:12.

7. rarely of the will; also = רוּחַ נָכוֺן לֵב Ps 51:12 (= לֵב נָכוֺן Ps 57:8 (twice in verse) +); רוּחַ נְדִיבָה vPs 51:14 נָָֽדְבָה רוּחוֺ Exod 35:21 (P; compare נְדִיב לֵב Exod 35:5; Exod 35:22 (P) 2Chr 29:31).

8. רוּחַ especially of moral character; also = ׃לֵב רוּחַ חֲדָשָׁהEzek 11:19; Ezek 18:31; Ezek 36:26 רוּחִי vEzek 36:27; Isa 59:21 (רוּחִי, || דְּבָרַי; but probably prophetic spirit 9 b); לֵב חָדָשׁ Ezek 18:31; Ezek 36:26 נְכֵה רוּחַ Isa 66:2 דַּכְּאֵי רוּחַ Ps 34:19 (compare לֵב נִדְכָּאִים Isa 57:15); מִשֵּׁבֶר רוּחַ Isa 65:14 (compare 3 f); רוּחַ נִשְׁבָּרֶה Ps 51:19 (|| לֵב נִשְׁבָּר, compare נִשְׁבְּרֵי לֵב Ps 34:19; Isa 61:1); Ps 32:2; Prov 11:13; Prov 16:18; Ps 78:8; Eccl 7:8 (compare גְּבַהּלֵב Prov 16:5); שְׁפַל רוּחַ Prov 16:19; Prov 29:23; Isa 57:15 רוּחַ שְׁפָלִים vIsa 57:15 (compare 3 f).

9. spirit of God (94 t.; not D or Jeremiah or any Deuteronomic writer; conception of its activity in inspiring prophecy probably discredited from abuse by false prophets, see נביא, נבא):
a. as inspiring ecstatic state of prophecy, Num 11:17; Num 11:25 (twice in verse); Num 11:26; Num 11:29 (J), 1Sam 10:6; 1Sam 10:10 (compare v1Sam 10:5), 1Sam 19:20; 1Sam 19:23 as inciting to deeds of frenzy, in the ecstatic state; hence conceived as אֱלֹהִים רָעָה ׳ר 1Sam 16:15 (twice in verse); 1Sam 16:16, = ׳רָעָה מֵאֵת י ׳ר v1Sam 16:14 = רָעָה ׳א ׳צלח ר 1Sam 18:10 (other narrative) = רָעָה ׳י ׳ר 1Sam 19:9 ׳א ׳ר 1Sam 16:23 = רוּחַ הָרָעָה v1Sam 16:23, compare הָרוּחַ 1Kgs 22:21 = שֶׁקֶר ׳ר v1Kgs 22:22 v1Kgs 22:23 = 2Chr 18:20; 2Chr 18:21; 2Chr 18:22 = ׳רוּחַ י 1Kgs 22:24 = 2Chr 18:23 compare also (in earlier prophets) אִישׁ הָרוּחַ, i.e. one possessed by the spirit in the ecstatic state, || הַנָּבִּיא Hos 9:7 ׳רוּחַ י Mic 3:8 (|| בֹּחַ) is probably gloss (We Now); וְלֹא רוּחִי Isa 30:1 רוּחַ dealing with Ezek.: Ezek 2:2; Ezek 3:12; Ezek 3:14; Ezek 3:24; Ezek 8:3; Ezek 11:1; Ezek 11:5; Ezek 11:24 (Co gloss), Ezek 37:1; Ezek 43:5 (all implying ecstatic state of vision), compare Elijah 1Kgs 18:12; 2Kgs 2:16.
b. spirit as impelling prophets to utter instruction or warning (higher and later conception): transition probably Num 24:2; 2Sam 23:2; 1Chr 12:18 elsewhere in Chronicles: 2Chr 15:1; 2Chr 20:14; 2Chr 24:20 distinctly in Isa², Isa 48:16, compare Isa 61:1 so of ancient prophets, Zech 7:12; Neh 9:30 compare, of future prophetic gift, Joel 3:1; Joel 3:2.
c. imparting warlike energy, and executive and administrative power: (1) to שֹׁפְטִים, מוֺשִׁיעִים, מְלָכִים, of ancient Israel: וַתְּהִי רוּחַ על ׳י Judg 3:10; Judg 11:29, compare Judg 6:34; Judg 13:25; Judg 14:6; Judg 14:19; Judg 15:14; 1Sam 11:6; 1Sam 16:13; 1Sam 16:14 so also עַד יֵעָרֶה עָלֵינוּ רוּחַ מִמָּרוֺם Isa 32:15 (2) resting upon Messianic king: Isa 11:2 (3 t. in verse); upon servant of ׳י, Isa 42:1.
d. late, as endowing men with various gifts: technical skill Exod 31:3; Exod 35:31 (P); understanding Job 32:8 (|| נִשְׁמַת שַׁדַּי); poured out by divine wisdom Prov 1:23.
e. as energy of life: רוּחַ אֱלֹהִים מְרַחֶפֶת עַלפְּֿנֵי הַמָּ֑יִם Gen 1:2 (P); רוּחַ אֵל עָשָׂ֑תְנִי Job 33:4 (|| נִשְׁמַת שַׁדַּי); as vital power, opposed to בָשָׂר: Isa 31:3 in cherubic chariot: Ezek 1:12, compare vEzek 1:20 vEzek 1:21; Ezek 10:17 reviving Israel Ezek 39:29; Zech 12:10; Isa 44:3. feminine = ancient angel of the presence and later Shekina: קָדְשׁוֺ ׳ר Isa 63:10; Isa 63:11 = ׳י ׳ר vIsa 63:14 (= מַלְאַךְ פָּנָיו vIsa 63:9), compare Ps 106:33 so also קָדְשְׁךָ ׳ר Ps 51:13 (in national prayer), compare Neh 9:20; Ps 143:10 prophets of restoration conceive of the divine spirit as standing in their midst and about to fulfil all divine promises: רוּחִי עֹמֶדֶת בְּתוֺכֲכֶם Hag 2:5; Zech 4:6 this conception culminates in רוּחַ = divine Presence, and as such omnipresent, Ps 139:7 (|| פָּנֶיךָ; compare vPs 139:8).

Strong's Definition H1320

flesh, kin, body, myself, nakedness, …

bāśār

flesh (from its freshness); by extension, body, person; also (by euphemistically) the pudenda of a man

flesh

of the body

of humans

Variations 53 forms of this word

Translations 73 English renderings

Flesh

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Word Parts

עוֹדֶ ֙נּוּ֙

עוֹדֶ

Adverb more, yet, again, still, else, …

֙נּוּ֙

Suffix — pronoun his / him / it

Dictionary form: עוֹד · ode

Vowels & Accents

Hebrew Alephbet

Grammar D/Sp3ms

Adverb

עוֹדֶ	Speech Adverb
נּוּ	Speech Suffix Type Pronominal Person Third Person Gender Masculine Number Singular

In English

In the KJV here: was yet

more ×107 yet ×49 any more ×45 again ×25 was yet ×13 else ×8 still ×7 as yet ×6

More options

still — Best for ongoing states or conditions continuing into present.

yet — Suits contexts of expectation or something not yet done.

again — Use for repeated actions or returning to a prior state.

any longer — Ideal in negated clauses: 'no longer', 'not any longer'.

further — Good for continuation or addition, especially in discourse.

anymore — Informal; natural in negative or interrogative modern contexts.

Brown-Driver-Briggs (BDB)

BDB5855 H5750

עוֺד and (14 t.: Fr^{MM 256}) עֹד, substantive a going round, continuance, but used mostly as adverb accusative still, yet, again, besides: with suffix עוֺדֶנִּי (with apparently verbal form, like ׃אֵינֶנִּי Ol^{§ 222 g} Sta^{§ 352 b} Kö^{ii. 444, iii. 360} Ges^{«GKC:100»§ 100}. 5), Deut 31:27; Josh 14:11; 1Sam 20:14, עוֺדִי Gen 48:15; Ps 104:33; Ps 139:18; Ps 146:2 עוֺדְךָ Gen 46:30 + 4 t., feminine עוֺדָךְ 1Kgs 1:14 עוֺדֶנּוּ Gen 18:22 + 20 t. (never עוֺדוֺ), עוֺדֶנָּה 1Kgs 1:22, עוֺדָהּ Isa 28:4 עוֺדָם Isa 4:18; Esth 6:14, 3 feminine plural עוֺדֶינָה Lam 4:17 Kt (Qr 1 plural עוֺדֵינוּ); there occur also עוֺד אֲנִי 2Sam 14:32; Dan 9:20; Dan 9:21, and עוֺד הֵם Isa 65:24: —

1. as adverb:
a. (a) expressingcontinuance, persistence, usually of the past or present, still, yet, Gen 18:22 ואברהם עודנו עמֵד and A., he was still standing before ׳י (note often so עוֺדֶנּוּ after cas. pend., Gen 44:14; 1Sam 13:7; 1Kgs 12:2; Jer 33:1; 2Chr 34:3), 2Chr 29:7 הן עוד היום גדול the day is still high, 2Chr 31:14; 2Chr 43:7 הַעוֺד אֲבִיכֶם חַי, v2Chr 43:27; 2Chr 45:3; Exod 4:18; Exod 9:2; Num 19:13; Judg 6:24; Judg 8:20; 1Kgs 20:32 הַעוֺדֶנּוּ חַי 2Sam 14:32 (but Kö^{iii. 558} עַד), 2Sam 18:14; Isa 5:25 ועור יָדוֺ נְטוּיָה; Isa 10:32 עוֺד הַיּוֺם בְּנֹב לַעֲמֹד still to-day (such is his haste) will he tarry in Nob; 1Kgs 22:44 עוד חעם מְזַכְּחִים the people were still sacrificing, etc. (so 2Kgs 12:4 +); 2Sam 1:9 כיכֿלעֿוד נפשׁי בי Job 27:3 (see כֹּל 1 f; Mic 6:10 (see הֲ 1 b end, and Ke; but also We Now); Lam 4:17 the suffix is anticipatory, either of eyes (Kt) or our (Qr ᵐ5), in poetry for כָּלוֺת עוֺד עֵינֵינוּ; but Dy Löhr al. read עַד מָה for ׳עַ Bi¹ Wild simply עוֺד 2Chr 14:6 read either עוֺדֵנוּ (suffic 1 plural antic. of לפנינו), or עוֺד. Twice, peculiarly, עוֺד לֹא still not (German noch nicht) i.e. not yet (in class. Hebrew טֶרֶם), Jer 40:5 עוֺדֶנּוּ לא ישׁוב, 2Chr 20:23 ועוד העם לא הֵכִינוּ לבבם (the finite verb on accusative of לֹא). Sq. וְ Num 11:33 הבשׂר עודנו בין חרה בעם ׳שׁנּיהם ֗֗֗ ואף י the flesh was still between their teeth ..., and ( = when) etc., (compare Ps 78:30f.; Job 8:12); and often in the phrase (מְדַבְּרִים) מְדַבֵּר (׳עוֺדָם וגו) עוֺדֶנּוּ he (they, etc.) was (were) still speaking, and (= when) etc., Gen 29:9 עודנו מְדַבֵּר עמם ורחל באה, 1Kgs 1:22; 1Kgs 1:42; 2Kgs 6:33; Esth 6:14; Dan 9:20; Dan 9:21, so עוֺד זֶה ֗֗֗ Job 1:16; Job 1:17 (+ vJob 1:18 for עַד): and of the future, 1Kgs 1:14; Isa 65:24 עוֺד הֵם מְדַבְּרִים ואני אשִׁמע); compare Exod 9:17.
(b) Expressing addition or repetition, still, yet, more, Gen 7:4 כי לימים עוד שׁבעה after yet seven days, Gen 8:10; Gen 8:12; Gen 29:27; Gen 29:30 עוד שׁבע שׁנים אחרות, Gen 45:6; 2Kgs 6:33; Isa 1:5; Hab 2:3 כִּי עוֺד חָזוֺן לַמּוֺעֵד (compare Dan 10:14; Dan 11:2; Dan 11:27; Dan 11:35), Jer 13:27 אַחֲרֵי מָתַי עוֺד after how long still ? with stress on the idea of continuance, Gen 46:29 וַיֵּבְךְ עַל צַוָּארָיו עוֺד still going on (AV. a good while), Ruth 1:14; Ps 84:5 עוד יהללוך they will be still praising thee, Job 34:23 with עוֺד prefixed for emphasis, Exod 11:1 ׳עוד נגע אחד אביא על פ, Isa 49:20; Isa 56:8 עוֺד ׳אֲקַבֵּץ וגו, Ezek 8:13; Ezek 8:15; Ps 42:6; Ps 92:15 +; in the phrase עוֺד מְעַט וְ followed by perfect consecutive, Exod 17:4 עוד מעט וּסְקָלֻנִי yet a little, and they will stone me, Hos 1:4; Jer 51:33, compare Ps 37:10; Isa 10:25; Isa 29:17 simil. Jonah 3:4 (compare בְּעוֺד Isa 21:16), 2Chr 10:5 (but see ᵐ5 and || 1Kgs 12:5); לא ֗֗֗ עוד no more, both of the past, as Exod 2:3; Josh 5:1; Josh 5:12; 1Kgs 10:5, and of the future, as Gen 17:5 ׳לא יִקָּרֵא עוד שׁמך א, Gen 32:29; Deut 31:2; Isa 2:4; Isa 30:20; Isa 62:4; Jer 3:16 + often, עוד ֗֗֗ לא Gen 8:22 so with אֵין Isa 23:10; Jer 10:20; Jer 48:2; Ps 74:9 al.
b. When the continuance is limited by its nature to a single occurrence, עוֺד becomes = again, Gen 4:25; Gen 9:11 לא יִכָרֵת כל בשׂר עוד, Gen 18:29 וַיֹּסֶף עוֺד לְדַבֵּר and he added still to speak, i.e. he spake yet again (so often with יָסַף; see √), Gen 24:20 וַ֫תָּרָץ עוֺד and she ran again, Gen 29:33 וַתַּ֫הַר עוֺד, Gen 35:9; Gen 37:9; Exod 3:15; Exod 4:6; Deut 3:26; 1Sam 10:22 + often; with עוֺד prefixed, Hos 12:10; Jer 31:4; Jer 31:5; Jer 31:23; Jer 32:15; Jer 33:12; Jer 33:13 לא ֗֗֗ עוֺד not again, no more, Deut 13:17; Deut 34:10.
c. Still, moreover, besides (not in temporal sense); Gen 19:12 עוֺד מי לך פה whom hast thou here besides ? Gen 43:6 הַעוֺד לָכֶם אָח Amos 6:10; 1Sam 10:22 הֲבָא עוֺד הֲלֹם אִישׁ is there still a man come hither ? (that is, besides ourselves: but ᵐ5 We and others הֲבָא הֲלֹם הָאִישׁ), 1Sam 16:11 עוֺד שָׁאַר הַקָּטָן, 1Sam 18:8 ועוד לו אך המלוכה, 1Kgs 22:7; 1Kgs 22:8; 2Kgs 4:6 אֵין עוֺד כֶּ֑לִי, Isa 5:4; Jer 36:32; Ezek 20:27; Ezek 23:38; Ezek 36:37; Prov 9:9; Eccl 12:9; 1Chr 29:3; 2Chr 17:6 +; וְאֵין עוֺד and there is none besides, Deut 4:39 (compare vDeut 4:35), 1Kgs 8:60; Isa 45:5; Isa 45:6; Isa 45:14; Isa 45:18; Isa 45:22 (compare vIsa 45:21), Isa 46:9; Joel 2:27 אֲנִי וְאַפְסִי עוֺד Isa 47:8; Isa 47:10; Zeph 2:15.

2. With prefixes: —
a. בְּעוֺד, literally in the continuance of ..., i.e.
(a) while yet: Gen 25:6 בְּעוֺדֶנּוּ חַי while he was yet alive, Deut 31:27; 2Sam 12:22 בְּעוֺד הַיֶּלֶד חַי, Isa 28:4; Ps 39:2; Job 29:5 בְּעוֺדִי alone, = so long as I live, Ps 104:33; Ps 146:22 (|| בְּחַיַּי); 2Sam 3:35 בעוד היום, Jer 15:9 בעוד יומם, Prov 31:15.
(b) within yet, usually of time, Gen 40:13 ׳בְּעוֺד שְׁלשֶׁת יָמִים יִשָּׂא וגו within yet three days, etc., vGen 40:19; Josh 1:11; Isa 7:8; Isa 21:16 בְּעוֺד שָׁנָה (followed by perfect cons.), Jer 28:3; Jer 28:11; Amos 4:7 but also of distance, Gen 48:7 בְּעוֺד כִּבְרַת ארץ לבוא אפרתה (compare Gen 35:16 ׳ויהי עוד וגו); compare SI² ובעוד שׁלשׁ [נָּקֵב]אמה לה.
b. מֵעוֺד, literally from the continuance of ..., only in the phrase (מֵעוֺדְךָ) מֵעוֺדִי עד היום הזה ever since I was (thou wast) unto this day, Gen 48:15; Num 22:30.

BDB9754 H5750 H5751

עוֺד adverb still (Biblical Hebrew; S-C^{K 13}; ᵑ7^{Onk Jon}; Christian-Palestinian Aramaic; Schulth^{143 f.}), Dan 4:28 עוֺד מִלְּתָא בְּפֻם מַלְכָּא (compare Biblical Hebrew 1 a a).

Strong's Definition H5750

more, yet, again, still, else, …

ʿôd

properly, iteration or continuance; used only adverbially (with or without preposition), again, repeatedly, still, more

(subst) a going round, continuance

still, yet (of continuance or persistence)

Variations 35 forms of this word

Translations 125 English renderings

Search every verse

Word Parts

בֵּ֣ין

Preposition between, among, betwixt, at, from, …

Dictionary form: בֵּין · bane

Vowels & Accents

Hebrew Alephbet

Grammar R

Preposition

בֵּין

Speech Preposition

In English

In the KJV here: between

between ×126 among ×22 and between ×12 at ×12 from between ×12 between me ×11 and thee ×10 and ×9

More options

between — Default choice for two parties or points.

among — Prefer when more than two entities are involved.

in the middle of — Emphasizes spatial or figurative centrality.

separating — Use when the sense of division or distinction is foregrounded.

within — Suitable for interior or enclosed contexts.

distinguishing — Fits contexts of discernment or making a distinction.

Brown-Driver-Briggs (BDB)

BDB1037 H996 H1143

[בַּ֫יִן] substantive properly interval, space between ( id.) — construct בֵּין once Isa 44:4 (Baer) בֵּן, בֵּינִי, ֵבּינְךָ, בֵינֵךְ, בֵּינוֺ (בֵּינָיו Josh 3:4; Josh 8:11 Qr); with plural suffix in plural form בֵּינֵינוּ (בֵּנֵינוּ), etc.; also בֵּינוֺת Ezek 10:2 (twice in verse); Ezek 10:6 (twice in verse); Ezek 10:7 (twice in verse) (+ Ezek 1:13 ᵐ5 Hi Ew etc. for דְּמוּת), בֵּינוֺתֵינוּ Gen 26:28; Josh 22:34; Judg 11:10, בֵּינוֺתָם Gen 42:23; 2Sam 21:7; Jer 25:16 dual בֵּנַיִם (see below); —

1. always (except dual) as preposition in the interval of, between (so Aramaic בֵּין, & plural בֵּינֵי, , ; ), as Gen 15:17 בֵּין הַגְּזָרִים between the pieces, Exod 13:9 and elsewhere בֵּין עֵינֶיךָ between thy eyes (see עַיִן), Isa 22:11 and elsewhere between the two walls (see חוֺמָה), Job 24:11; Job 30:7; Job 40:30 part him between merchants; rather more generally among Hos 13:15; Song 2:2; Song 2:3; Ezek 19:2; Ezek 31:3; Job 34:37 less exactly within Prov 26:13 a lion is בֵּין הָֽרְחֹבוֺת within the board places (compare Prov 23:13 בְּתוֺךְ): once with a singular (unusual) Dan 8:16 בֵּין אוּלַי between the Ulai, i.e. between its banks. When the space separating two distinct objects is to be indicated, this is done
a. most commonly by repeating בין, as Gen 13:3 בֵּין בֵּיתְאֵל וּבֵין הָעָ֑י literally in the interval of Bethel, and in the interval of `Ai, i.e. between Bethel and `Ai, Gen 16:14; Gen 17:7; Gen 31:50; Gen 31:51 + often
b. more rarely by בֵּין ֗֗֗ לְ, Gen 1:6 dividing בֵּין מַיִם לָמָ֑יִם literally in the interval of waters with reference to waters, i.e. between the waters and the waters, Lev 20:25; Lev 27:33; Deut 17:8 (3 t. in verse); 2Sam 19:36; 1Kgs 3:9; Ezek 41:18; Ezek 42:20; Ezek 44:23 (twice in verse); Jonah 4:11; Mal 3:18 (twice in verse); 2Chr 14:10.
c. by בֵּין ֗֗֗ וּלְ Joel 2:17.
d. by בֵּין ֗֗֗ לְבֵין Isa 59:2. בֵּין is used not only of actual locality, but also with verbs of dividing (figurative) Gen 1:14; Lev 10:10, and of judging, knowing, teaching, etc., if the idea of distinguishing be involved, as Gen 16:5; 2Sam 19:36 הַאֵדַע בֵּין טוֺב לְרָע can I discern between good and evil ? 1Kgs 3:9; Jonah 4:11; Gen 31:49 (watch between), Judg 11:10 (hear), Josh 22:27 (witness), Isa 2:4 and he shall judge (arbitrate) between the nations, Isa 5:3; Lev 27:33; Ezek 44:23; Mal 3:18; 2Chr 14:10 (see RV); and in other metaphoric applications, as of a covenant or sign between two contracting parties, Gen 9:12; Gen 9:15; Exod 31:13 +; or an oath Gen 26:28; 2Sam 21:7 enmity or strife Gen 3:15; Gen 13:7; Deut 25:1; Prov 6:19 peace 1Kgs 5:26 good-will Prov 14:9. — It is used of time in the phrase of P בֵּין הָעַרְבַּיִם (see below עֶרֶב), & Neh 5:18 בֵּין עֲשֶׂרֶת יָמִים during the interval of ten days, i.e. every ten days (unusual).With other prepositions: —
a. אֶלבֵּֿין, after a verb implying motion, in between, in among Ezek 31:10; Ezek 31:14. So אֶלבֵּֿינוֺת לְ ib. Ezek 10:2.
b. בְּבֵן Isa 44:4 in the midst of, amongst (ᵐ5 Ew Di Che כְּבֵין מַיִם חָצִיר).
c. עַלבֵּֿין nearly as אֶלבֵּֿין Ezek 19:11
d. מִבֵּין from between: Gen 49:10 nor the ruler's staff מִבֵּין רַגְלָיו from between his feet (where, as the king sits in state, he holds it), Exod 25:22 from between the cherubim (so Num 7:89), Hos 2:4; Zech 6:1; Zech 9:7; Deut 28:57 the after-birth הַיּוֺצֵת מִבֵּין רַגְלֶיהָ that cometh forth from between her feet, i.e. from her womb (compare Il. 19. 10 πεσεῖν μετὰ ποσσὶ γυναικός) Repeated 2Kgs 16:14 to specify the two objects from between which a thing is moved. Ezek 47:18 is difficult and uncertain: see Commentaries Less precisely from, the midst of: Num 17:2 מִבֵּין הַשְּׂרֵפָה out of the midst of the burning, Ps 104:12 מִבֵּין עֳפָאִים from amongst the branches they utter their song, Jer 48:45 and a flame מִבֵּין סִיחוֺן from the midst of Sihon (Sihon representing his people: but expression is singular; read perhaps ׳מִבֵּית ס, compare Num 21:28 ׳מִקִּרְיַת ס: || in both passages מֵחֶשְׁבּוֺן), Ezek 37:21.
e. מִבֵּינוֺת לְ from between Ezek 10:2; Ezek 10:6 (twice in verse); Ezek 10:7.

2. Dual בֵּנַ֫יִם space between two armies (= Greek μεταίχμιον), 1Sam 17:4; 1Sam 17:23 אִישׁ הַבֵּנַיִם man of the μεταίχμιον, i.e. champion (of Goliath).

BDB1038 H996

בֵּית feminine of בַּיִן, בֵּין (Nö^{M 194 f.}; Syriac often, PS⁴⁷⁰) preposition between Ezek 41:9b (to be joined with vEzek 41:10 see RVm), unless indeed a mere error for בֵּין (which Ezekiel often uses); also Prov 8:2 accusative To ᵐ5 (ἀνὰ μέσον) ᵑ7 ᵑ9 Hi Ew^{§217 g}; and Job 8:17 according to ᵐ5 Ew Di¹ (Di^{2 undecided}).

BDB9369 H996 H997

בֵּין preposition between (Biblical Hebrew [בַּ֫יִן,] בֵּין; ᵑ7, בֵּין, בֵּינֵי Syriac , ), Dan 7:5 with suffix 3 plural masculine בֵּינֵיהוֺן vDan 7:7 Kt (Qr 3 plural feminine בֵּינֵיהֵן).

Strong's Definition H996

between, among, betwixt, at, from, …

bên

between (repeated before each noun, often with other particles); also as a conjunction, either...or

between, among, in the midst of (with other preps), from between

Variations 39 forms of this word

Translations 63 English renderings

Search every verse

Word Parts

שִׁנֵּי הֶ֔ם

שִׁנֵּי

Root word teeth, ivory, tooth, sharp, tooths, …

הֶ֔ם

Suffix — pronoun their / them

Dictionary form: שֵׁן · shane

Vowels & Accents

Hebrew Alephbet

Grammar Ncbdc/Sp3mp

Noun — Common, both dual, construct state dual — a natural pair ("two ___"); "___ of …" — bound to the next word

שִׁנֵּי	Speech Noun Type Common Gender Both Number Dual State Construct
הֶם	Speech Suffix Type Pronominal Person Third Person Gender Masculine Number Plural

In English

In the KJV here: their teeth

tooth ×8 of ivory ×7 his teeth ×4 teeth ×3 the teeth ×3 whose teeth ×3 their teeth ×2 thy teeth ×2

More options

tooth — Standard singular form; broadly applicable in most contexts.

tusk — Prefer when referring to animal ivory or projecting teeth.

ivory — Use in material/trade contexts; e.g. ivory thrones or goods.

fang — Vivid choice for predatory or threatening imagery.

crag — Geological sense; a sharp rocky outcrop or pointed cliff.

prong — Useful for sharp, tooth-like projections on objects or terrain.

Brown-Driver-Briggs (BDB)

BDB8891 H8127

I. שֵׁן noun feminine^{1Sam 2:13} (yet masculine 1Sam 14:5 compare Dr) tooth, ivory; — ׳שׁ absolute Exod 21:24 +, construct vExod 21:27 +, ׳שֶׁן Deut 32:24 suffix שִׁנּם Exod 21:27 dual שִׁנַּיִם Prov 10:26, construct שִׁנֵּי Jer 31:29 +; suffix שִׁנֵּיהֶם Ps 124:6, שִׁנֵּימוֺ Ps 58:7, etc.; —

1. tooth:
a. of man, Exod 21:27 (3 t. in verse) (E), Num 11:33 (J), Gen 49:12 (poem in J), Amos 4:6; Song 4:2; Song 6:6, רֹעָה ׳שׁ Prov 25:19, see II. רעע 2; of lex talionis, ׳תַּחַת שׁ ׳שׁ Exod 21:24 (E), Lev 24:20 (H), ׳שֵׁן בְּשׁ Deut 19:21 irritated by acid Prov 10:26, dulled by it (in proverb of inherited guilt) Jer 31:29; Jer 31:30; Ezek 18:2 ׳חָרַק שׁ Lam 2:16; Job 16:9; Ps 35:16; Ps 112:10, see חָרַק; אֶשָּׂא בְשָׂרִי בְשִׁנָּ֑י Job 13:14 = risk my life (strike out עַלמָֿה, dittograph; || אָשִׂים בְּכַּ פִּי נַפְשִׁי); בְּעוֺר שִׁנָּ֑י Job 19:20, see מָלַט Hithpa`el (other conjectures see Di Bi Bu Du).
b. of beasts : Deut 32:24, crocodile Job 41:6, locusts Joel 1:6 (teeth of lions); especially figurative of false prophets Mic 3:5, of foes Zech 9:7, oppressors Job 29:17, wicked Job 4:10; Ps 3:8; Ps 58:7; Ps 124:6 of their weapons Prov 30:14; Ps 57:5 of Israel shattered by ׳י.
c. tooth of a fork, tine, 1Sam 2:13 (compare Dr^{Sm. 291}); of cliff, שֵׁן הַסֶּלַע1Sam 14:4 (twice in verse), compare Job 39:28, הַשֵּׁן 1Sam 14:5.

2. ivory, of commerce, קַרְנוֺת שֵׁן Ezek 27:15 (i.e. tusks?); as material, ׳מִטּוֺת שׁ Amos 6:4, ׳כִּסֵּאשֿׁ 1Kgs 10:18 = 2Chr 9:17, ׳בֵּית הַשּׁ 1Kgs 22:39, compare Amos 3:15, ׳הֵיכְלֵי שׁ Ps 45:9, also Ezek 27:6; Song 5:15; Song 7:5.

BDB9975 H8127 H8150

שׁנן (√ of following; see Biblical Hebrew [שָׁנַן], שֵׁן).

Strong's Definition H8127

teeth, ivory, tooth, sharp, tooths, …

šēn

a tooth (as sharp); specifically ivory; figuratively, a cliff

tooth, ivory

tooth

of man, lex talionis, beast

as material

Variations 25 forms of this word

Translations 31 English renderings

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Word Parts

טֶ֖רֶם

Adverb before, ere, yet, in

Dictionary form: טֶרֶם · teh-REM

Vowels & Accents

Hebrew Alephbet

Grammar D

Adverb

טֶרֶם

Speech Adverb

In English

In the KJV here: ere

before ×34 and before ×4 ere ×2 and ere ×1 did not yet ×1 even before ×1 for thee before ×1 from before ×1

More options

before — Most natural choice in nearly all temporal contexts.

prior to — Slightly more formal; suits legal or narrative prose.

ere — Modernized poetic option; use sparingly in verse contexts.

by the time — Idiomatic when stressing completion of an action.

not yet — Best when the clause emphasizes something not yet occurred.

Brown-Driver-Briggs (BDB)

BDB3379 H2958 H2962

טֶ֫רֶם₅₄, once (Ruth 3:14 Kt) טְרוֺם, adverb of time, not yet, ere, before that (derivation unknown: not found in cognate languages) — construed mostly with the imperfect (with the perfect only Gen 24:15 (Gen 24:45 imperfect), 1Sam 3:7 a (v:b imperfect), and בְּטֶרֶם Ps 90:2; Prov 8:25): —

1. טֶרֶם in an independent sentence, not yet, Gen 2:5 and all the plants of the field טרם יהיה בארץ were not yet in the earth, etc., Gen 19:4 טרם ישׁכבו not yet had they lain down, when etc., Gen 24:15; Gen 24:45; Num 11:33; Josh 2:8; 1Sam 3:3; 1Sam 3:7 (twice in verse); of present time, Exod 9:30; Exod 10:7 הֲטֶרֶם תֵּדַע dost thou not yet know, etc.?; in a subordinate clause, ere, before that, Exod 12:34 they took their dough טרם יחמץ before it was leavened, Josh 3:1; Ps 119:67 of future time Isa 65:24. More frequently

2. בְּטֶרֶם₃₉, with the same force: of past time, Gen 27:33 I ate of all בטרם תבא before thou camest, Gen 37:18; Gen 41:50; Judg 14:18; 1Sam 2:15; Jer 1:5; Jer 47:1; Ezek 16:57; Ps 90:2; Prov 8:25 (both with perfect); more often of present or future, as Gen 27:4 בטרם אמות before I die (so Gen 45:28, compare Ps 39:14; Job 10:21), Lev 14:36; Deut 31:21; 1Sam 9:13; 2Kgs 2:9; Isa 7:16; Isa 42:9; Isa 48:5; Jer 13:16 the imperfect with a frequently force, Exod 1:19 before the midwife cometh, they are wont to bear, Ruth 3:14; Prov 18:13. Pleon. בְּטֶרֶם לֹא Zeph 2:2 (twice in verse). Construed with a substantive in the genitive, Isa 17:14 בְּטֶרֶם בֹּקֶר = ere morning, Isa 28:4 בְּטֶרֶם קַיִץ; with an infinitive Zeph 2:2a (but read here with ᵐ5 We בְּטֶרֶם לאֹ תֵהְיוּן כְּמוֺץ עֹבֵר, without יוֺם, 'before ye become as chaff passing away').

3. מִטֶּרֶם Hag 2:15 (followed by infinitive) מִטֶּרֶם שׂוּם אֶבֶן from before the laying of one stone upon another, etc.

Strong's Definition H2962

before, ere, yet, in

ṭerem

properly, non-occurrence; used adverbially, not yet or before

before, not yet, before that

Variations 9 forms of this word

Translations 18 English renderings

Search every verse

Word Parts

יִכָּרֵ֑ת

Root word off, made, make, down, cut, …

Dictionary form: כָּרַת · kaw-RAHT

Vowels & Accents

Hebrew Alephbet

Grammar VNi3ms

Verb — Niphal, Imperfect (Yiqtol), third person masculine singular passive or reflexive — "it was done" / "he did it to himself" not-yet-complete action — try "he will ___" or "he ___s" the built-in subject is "he (or it)"

יִכָּרֵת

Speech Verb Stem Niphal Type Imperfect (Yiqtol) Person Third Person Gender Masculine Number Singular

Verb Chart

Full verb chart

In English

In the KJV here: it was chewed

shall be cut off ×23 made ×17 and i will cut off ×12 cut off ×10 and cut off ×9 be cut off ×9 to cut off ×8 he made ×7

More options

cut off — Best for severing, removing, or eliminating a person or thing.

make (a covenant) — Idiomatic use; prefer when the object is a treaty or covenant.

cut down — Use for felling trees or striking down enemies physically.

eliminate — Stronger, modern register; suits judicial or divine removal.

destroy — When total eradication or annihilation is emphasized.

forge (an agreement) — Contemporary idiom for covenant-making in diplomatic contexts.

Brown-Driver-Briggs (BDB)

BDB4216 H3772 H3773

כָּרַת₂₉₁ verb cut off, cut down (Late Hebrew id.; Assyrian karâtu, II. hew off Dl^{HWB 357}); —

Qal Perfect ׳כ Gen 15:18 + 19 t.; 2 masculine singular כָּרָ֑תָּ Deut 20:20 1 singular כָּרַתִּי Exod 34:27 + 15 t.; + 8 t. Perfect; Imperfect יִכְרֹת Job 40:28 + 21 t.; 2 masculine singular תִּכְרָתֿ Isa 57:8 1 singular אֶכְרוֺת Isa 61:8; 1Sam 11:2 אֶכְרְתָה Isa 55:3 3 masculine plural יִכְרֹ֑תוּ Hos 12:2; Ps 83:6 1 plural נִכְרְתָה Gen 26:28; Gen 31:44 suffix נִכְרְתֶנּוּ Jer 11:19 + 31 t. Imperfect Imperative כְּרָתֿ 1Sam 11:1 כָּרְתָה 2Sam 3:12 + 4 t. Imperative; Infinitive absolute כָּרֹת Hos 10:4 כָּרוֺת Neh 9:8 construct כְּרֹת Jer 34:8 + 2 t.; כְּרָתֿ Isa 44:14 + 2 t.; כְּרוֺת 2Chr 2:7; 2Chr 29:10 suffix כָּרְתִי 1Sam 24:12 Participle active כֹּרֵת Exod 34:10 + 3 t.; + 3 t. Participle active passive כָּרוּת Lev 22:24 construct כְּרוּת Deut 23:2 plural ת[וֺ]כְּרֻת 1Kgs 7:12 + 3 t.; —

1. cut off :
a. things: with accusative foreskin Exod 4:25 (J); privy member Lev 22:24 (H) Deut 23:2 cluster of grapes Num 13:23; Num 13:24 (E); bough of tree Judg 9:48; Judg 9:49 skirt 1Sam 24:5; 1Sam 24:6; 1Sam 24:12 head of man 1Sam 17:51; 1Sam 31:9; 1Sam 2:22 garments 2Sam 10:4 = 1Chr 19:4 palms of hands 1Sam 5:4 sprigs Isa 18:5.
b. persons, with accusative of person מִן location Jer 11:19; Jer 50:16.

2. cut down, with accusative tress Deut 19:5; Deut 20:19; Deut 20:20; 2Kgs 19:23 = Isa 37:24; Isa 44:14; Jer 6:6; Jer 10:3; Jer 22:7; Jer 46:23; Ezek 31:12 asherim Exod 34:13 (J) Judg 6:25; Judg 6:26; Judg 6:30; 1Kgs 15:13 = 2Chr 15:16; 2Kgs 18:4; 2Kgs 23:14

3. hew, timber 1Kgs 5:20 (twice in verse) = 2Chr 2:7; 2Chr 2:15; Isa 14:8 כֹּרְתֵי הָעֵצִים hewers of timber 2Chr 2:9 כְּרֻת(וֺ)ת hewn beams 1Kgs 6:36; 1Kgs 7:2; 1Kgs 7:12

4. בְּרִית ׳כ cut, or make a covenant (because of the cutting up and distribution of the flesh of the victim for eating in the sacrifice of the covenants, see בְּרִית); ׳הָעֵגֶל אֲשֶׁר כ the calf which they cut Jer 34:18 (referring to Gen 15:10); עֲלֵיזֶֿבַח Ps 50:5 absolute Gen 21:27; Gen 21:32; Gen 31:44 (E) 1Sam 18:3; 1Kgs 5:26; Hos 10:4 with אֶת with Gen 15:18; Exod 34:27; Deut 31:16 (J) Deut 5:3; Deut 28:69 (twice in verse); Deut 29:13; 2Sam 3:12; 2Sam 3:13; 2Sam 3:21; 2Kgs 17:15; 2Kgs 17:35; 2Kgs 17:38; Isa 28:15; Jer 11:10; Jer 31:31; Jer 31:32; Jer 31:33; Jer 34:8; Jer 34:13; Ezek 17:13; Zech 11:10; Ps 105:9 = 1Chr 16:16 with עִם Gen 26:28 (J) Exod 24:8 (E) Deut 4:23; Deut 5:2; Deut 9:9; Deut 29:11; Deut 29:24; 1Kgs 8:21 = 2Chr 6:11; 2Chr 23:3; Neh 9:8; Hos 2:20; Hos 12:2; Job 40:28 ׳בְּ omitted 1Sam 20:16; 1Sam 22:8; 1Kgs 8:9 = 2Chr 5:10 with לְ Exod 23:32; Exod 34:12; Exod 34:15; Josh 9:6; Josh 9:7; Josh 9:11; Josh 9:15; Josh 9:16; Josh 24:25 (JE) Deut 7:2; Judg 2:2; 1Sam 11:1; 2Sam 5:3; 1Kgs 20:34; 2Kgs 11:4; 1Chr 11:3; 2Chr 21:7; 2Chr 29:10; Ezra 10:3; Isa 55:3; Isa 61:8; Jer 32:40; Ezek 34:25; Ezek 37:26; Job 31:1; Ps 89:4 ׳בְּ omitted 1Sam 11:2; 2Chr 7:18 נֶגֶד Exod 34:10 (J); לִפְנֵי 1Sam 23:18; 2Kgs 23:3 = 2Chr 34:31; Jer 34:15; Jer 34:18 בֵּין וּבֵין 2Kgs 11:17; 2Chr 23:16 with עַל against, Ps 83:6 אֲמָנָה is used for ברית Neh 10:1 and דָּבָר Hag 2:5.

Note. — וַתִּכְרָתלָֿךְ מֵהֶם Isa 57:8 is usually rendered as RV made for thee a covenant with them, with ellipsis of ׳בּ as above. But מִן is not used in such a construction. The clause is commonly regarded as corrupt by recent critics. Gr emends עִמָּהֶם for מֵהֶם, this is easiest and gives the usual construction; Du followed by Buhl, reads וַתִּכְרִי after Hos 3:2.

Niph`al Perfect 3 masculine singular נִכְרַת Joel 1:5 + 5 t.; נִכְרָ֑ת Joel 1:16 + 2 t.; 3 feminine singular נִכְרְתָה Gen 17:14 + 16 t.; נִכְרָ֑תָה Ps 37:38 2 masculine singular נִכְרַתָּ Obad 1:10 + 8 t. Perfect; Imperfect יִכָרֵת Gen 9:11 + 21 t.; יִכָּֽרֶתֿ Obad 1:9 3 masculine plural יִכָּֽרְתוּ Zech 13:8 יִכָּרֵת֑וּן Josh 3:13; Ps 37:9 + 9 t. Imperfect; Infinitive הִכָּרֵת Num 15:31; Ps 37:34. —

1. be cut off:
a. of things, forward tongue Prov 10:31 burden from a nail Isa 22:25 chariots Zech 9:10 dwelling Zeph 3:7.
b. of persons, the people of the land by a famine (בְּ) Gen 41:36 (E); all flesh by waters of deluge (מִמֵּי) Gen 9:11 (P); the anointed Dan 9:26 enemies Isa 11:13; Mic 5:8 the wicked Isa 29:20; Hos 8:4; Nah 2:1; Ps 37:9; Ps 37:22; Ps 37:28; Ps 37:34; Ps 37:38; Prov 2:22 others Obad 1:9; Obad 1:10; Zeph 1:11; Zech 13:8; Zech 14:2.
c. in the technical phrases of H and P וְנִכְרְתָה הַנֶּפֶשׁ ההיא that person shall be cut off (by death penalty) מֵעַמֶּיהָ Gen 17:14; Lev 7:20; Lev 7:21; Lev 7:25; Lev 7:27; Num 9:13; Lev 19:8 מִיִּשְׂרָאֵל Exod 12:15; Num 19:13 מֵעֲדַת יִשְׂרָאֵל Exod 12:19 מִקֶּרֶב עַמֶּיהָ Exod 31:14; Num 15:30 (עַמָּהּ); מִלְּפָנַי Lev 22:3 מִתּוֺךְ הַקָּהָל Num 19:20 similarly with variation of subject Exod 30:33; Exod 30:38; Lev 17:4; Lev 17:9; Lev 18:29; Lev 20:18; Lev 23:29, and with omission of word with מִן Lev 17:14; Lev 20:17; Num 15:31 (twice in verse).

2. be cut down, a tree Job 14:7.

3. be chewed between the teeth Num 11:33 (J).

4. be cut off, in a more general sense, fail: of waters Josh 3:13; Josh 3:16 (JE) Josh 4:7 (twice in verse) (D); new wine Joel 1:5 meat vJoel 1:16 hope Prov 23:18; Prov 24:14 a name Isa 48:19; Isa 56:5; Ruth 4:10 a sign Isa 55:13 faithfulness Jer 7:28 אִישׁ ׳לֹא יִכָּרֵת לְ there shall not fail thee a man 1Kgs 2:4; 1Kgs 8:25 = 2Chr 6:16; 1Kgs 9:5 = 2Chr 7:18; Jer 33:17; Jer 33:18; Jer 35:19 לא יכרת מן there shall not fail of Josh 9:23 (J) 2Sam 3:29.

Pual Perfect כָּרַּת Ezek 16:4 3 feminine singular כֹּרָ֑תָה Judg 6:28 —

1. be cut off, navel string Ezek 16:4.

2. be cut down, Asherah Judg 6:28.

Hiph`il Perfect הִכְרִית 1Sam 28:9; 1Kgs 11:16 3 feminine singular הִכְרִיתָה Lev 26:22 1 singular הִכְרַתִּי Josh 23:4 + 32 t.; + 4 t. Perfect; Imperfect יַכְרִית Deut 12:29 + 2 t.; jussive יַכְרֵת Ps 12:4 + 4 t.; 1 singular וָאַכְרִ֫תָה 2Sam 7:9 1 plural suffix וְנַכְרִיתֶנָּה Jer 48:2 + 9 t. Imperfect; Infinitive הַכְרִית Jer 44:8 + 15 t.; הַכְרִת 1Sam 20:15 + suffix 2 t. —

1. cut off, flattering lips Ps 12:4.

2. cut off, destroy the life of:
a. animals with accusative, cattle Lev 26:22 (H); with accusative and מִן frogs Exod 8:5 (J); horses Mic 5:9; Zech 9:10.
b. of men abs. Ps 109:13, by men, with accusative enemies Judg 4:24; 1Sam 24:22; 1Kgs 11:16; 1Kgs 14:14; 1Kgs 18:4; 2Chr 22:7; Isa 10:7; Ezek 17:17; Obad 1:14 with accusative and מִן enemies Josh 11:21; Jer 48:2 the wicked Ps 101:8 a clan Num 4:18 (P); young men by death Jer 9:20 people by the sword Nah 3:15 necromancers 1Sam 28:9 the name Josh 7:9.
c. of men, by God with accucusative. (הַ)גּוֺיִם Deut 19:1; Josh 23:4 (D) Zeph 3:6 various persons and things Isa 48:9; Jer 44:11; Jer 51:62; Ezek 25:16; Ezek 30:15; Zech 9:6 with accusative and מִן Ezek 25:7; Amos 1:5; Amos 1:8; Amos 2:3 מֵאֶרֶץ Nah 2:14; Ps 34:17 = Ps 109:15 מִיִּשְׂרָאֵל Isa 9:13 מִיַּד Mic 5:11 מִפָּנֶיךָ Deut 12:29; 2Sam 7:9 = 1Chr 17:8 מֵעַל פְּנֵי הָאֲדָמָה 1Sam 20:15; 1Kgs 9:7; Zeph 1:3 מִקֶּרֶב עַמּוֺ Lev 17:10; Lev 20:3; Lev 20:5; Lev 20:6 (H); מִתּוֺךְ עַמִּי Ezek 14:8 Ezekiel says also מִן ׳הכ אָ֗֗֗דָם וּבְהֵמָה Ezek 14:13; Ezek 14:17; Ezek 14:19; Ezek 14:21; Ezek 25:13; Ezek 29:8 צדיק ורשׁע Ezek 21:8; Ezek 21:9 עבר ושׁב Ezek 35:7 with accusative and לְ cutt off, to, or from Isa 14:22; Jer 44:7; Jer 44:8; Jer 47:4 מַשְׁתִּין בְּקִיר ׳לְ ׳כ 1Kgs 14:10; 1Kgs 21:21; 2Kgs 9:8 מעם מזבח ׳ל ׳כ 1Sam 2:33 לָאִישׁ מֵאָֽהֳלֵי יַעֲקֹב ׳יַכְרֵת י Mal 2:12 may Yahweh cut off to the man — from the tents of Jacob.

3. cut down, destroy, cities Mic 5:10, sun-pillars Lev 26:30 (H); and other things used in idolartry Nah 1:14; Zeph 1:4 מן הארץ Zech 13:2 מִקֶּרֶב Mic 5:12.

4. take away, חֶסֶד מֵעִם kindness from 1Sam 20:15.

5. permit to perish, מֵהַבְּהֵמָה (some) of the cattle 1Kgs 18:5.

Hoph`al Perfect ׳הָכְרַת מִנְחָה וָנֶסֶךְ מִבֵּית י Joel 1:9.

Strong's Definition H3772

off, made, make, down, cut, …

kārat

to cut (off, down or asunder); by implication, to destroy or consume; specifically, to covenant (i.e., make an alliance or bargain, originally by cutting flesh and passing between the pieces)

to cut, cut off, cut down, cut off a body part, cut out, eliminate, kill, cut a covenant

(Qal)

to cut off

to cut off a body part, behead

to be cut off

to be cut off

to cut off

Variations 111 forms of this word

Translations 144 English renderings

Search every verse

Word Parts

וְ אַ֤ף

וְ

Prefix — connector and (sometimes: but, so, then)

אַ֤ף

Root word anger, wrath, face, nostrils, nose, …

Dictionary form: אַף · ap

Vowels & Accents

Hebrew Alephbet

Grammar C/Ncmsc

Noun — Common, masculine singular, construct state "___ of …" — bound to the next word

וְ	Speech Conjunction
אַף	Speech Noun Type Common Gender Masculine Number Singular State Construct

In English

In the KJV here: the wrath

anger ×40 his anger ×13 and the anger ×12 wrath ×10 mine anger ×8 of his anger ×8 the anger ×8 to anger ×8

More options

anger — Most natural default; fits narrative and poetic contexts.

wrath — Stronger, more intense; suits divine or royal fury.

rage — Visceral, uncontrolled emotion; good for heated human anger.

nose — Literal anatomical sense; Hebrew idiom 'long of nose' = patient.

nostril — Use when breath or snorting imagery is in focus.

face — Rare metonymic sense; only when context clearly demands it.

Brown-Driver-Briggs (BDB)

BDB601 H639

I. אַף₂₇₇ noun masculine^{Gen 30:2} nostril, nose, face, anger (Assyrian appu, face Flood^{iii. 27, 29} compare Hpt KAT^{2 Gloss}, Arabic , Ethiopic nose; Aramaic , אֲנְפִּין face) — absolute Ps 78:21 +; construct Gen 27:45 +; suffix אַפּי Exod 22:23 +, etc.; du אַפַּיִם Prov 14:17 +; אַפָּיו Gen 2:7 + etc.; — In Hexateuch J E (Josh 7:1 P? Josh 23:16 D?).

1. nostril, as organ of breathing Gen 2:7; Gen 7:22; Job 27:3 compare Num 11:20; 2Sam 22:9 = Ps 18:9 compare Isa 65:5; Isa 2:22; Lam 4:20; Ezek 38:18 (strike out Co) Amos 4:10 רוּחַ אַפֶּיךָ (of ׳י) i.e. wind Exod 15:8 compare נִשְׁמַת רוּחַ אַפּוֺ 2Sam 22:16 = Ps 18:16 (see also below 3); nose singular Song 7:5; Song 7:9; Ezek 8:17; Ezek 23:25; Prov 30:33 (where play upon different meaning of אַף & אַפַּיִם):
(a) as organ of smelling Deut 33:10; Ps 115:6 (b) as place of ring for ornament Gen 24:47; Isa 3:21; Ezek 16:12
(c) as place of ring or hook for captive 2Kgs 19:28 = Isa 37:29 for beasts, e.g. swine Prov 11:22 hippopotamus Job 40:24 crocodile v.Job 40:26.

2. Du face (especially in phrase אַפַּיִם אַרְצָה) Gen 19:1; Gen 42:6; Gen 48:12; Num 22:31; 1Sam 20:41; 1Sam 24:9; 1Sam 25:41; 1Sam 28:14; 1Sam 2:4; 1Sam 2:33; 1Sam 18:28; 1Sam 24:20; 1Sam 1:23; 1Sam 1:31; 1Sam 1:21; 1Sam 2:3; 1Sam 20:18; also Gen 3:19 גֹּבַהּ אַפּוֺ pride of his countenance Ps 10:4 לְאַפֵּי before, local sense (compare לִפְנֵי) 1Sam 25:23 אַפָּ֑יִם 1Sam 1:5 read אֶפֶס ᵐ5 We Dr (q. v.)

3. mostly anger, human Gen 27:45; Gen 49:6; Gen 49:7 + (45 t.); oftener divine Exod 32:12; Deut 9:19; 2Kgs 24:20 + (177 t.); often subject חָרָה (וַיִּ֫חַר etc.) his anger was kindled Gen 30:2; Gen 39:19; Exod 4:14; Exod 22:23; Exod 32:10; Exod 32:11 +; in various combinations, especially חֲרוֺן אַף fierceness of anger Exod 32:12; Num 25:4; Num 32:14 +; compare חֳרִיאָֿף 1Sam 20:34 בַּעַלאַֿף Prov 22:24 one given to anger, etc.; אֶרֶךְ אַפַּיִם slow to anger Exod 34:6; Num 14:18; Neh 9:17 + 7 t. of God; Prov 14:29; Prov 15:18; Prov 16:32; Prov 25:15 of man.

BDB648 H639

I. אַף see below אנף.

BDB9318 H600 H639

[אֲנַף, אַף K^{§ 55, 4}] noun masculine only dual (Schulth^{ZAW xxii (1902), 164}) face (Biblical Hebrew אַף, √ אנף; Aramaic of Têma אנפי SAC²³ Lzb²²² Cooke^{69, 1. 14}, so S-C^{G 19 and} (usually) ᵑ7^J; אפין ᵑ7^{Onk Jon}, Syriac, Christian-Palestinian Aramaic (Schulth^Lex.13); also אפי Palmyrene Lzb²²² Cooke^{p.339, Christian-Palestinian} Aramaic with preposition Schulth^{Lex.14, etc}.); — plural suffix 3 masculine singular אַנְפּוֺהִי Dan 2:46; Dan 3:19.

Strong's Definition H639

anger, wrath, face, nostrils, nose, …

ʾap

properly, the nose or nostril; hence, the face, and occasionally a person; also (from the rapid breathing in passion) ire

nostril, nose, face

Variations 51 forms of this word

Translations 117 English renderings

Anger

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Word Parts

יְהוָה֙

Root word a name — transliterate it ("Of the lord")

Dictionary form: יְהֹוָה · yeh-hoh-WAW

Vowels & Accents

Hebrew Alephbet

Grammar Np

Noun — Proper Name

יְהוָה

Speech Noun Type Proper Name

In English

In the KJV here: of the lord

the lord ×2811 of the lord ×1522 and the lord ×457 unto the lord ×342 o lord ×222 am the lord ×158 lord ×67 to the lord ×60

More options

the LORD — Standard modern Bible convention; small-caps signal the divine name.

YHWH — Preserves the Hebrew tetragrammaton; used in scholarly translations.

Yahweh — Reconstructed pronunciation; preferred in academic and some modern versions.

the Lord — General rendering when small-caps convention is unavailable.

God — Use only where context clearly equates YHWH with generic deity.

the Eternal — Captures timeless-existence nuance; used in some progressive translations.

Brown-Driver-Briggs (BDB)

BDB2100 H3068 H3069 H1961 H430 H589 H2022 H6635

יהוה_{c. 6823} i.e. יַהְוֶה proper name, of deity Yahweh, the proper name of the God of Israel — (

1. ᵑ0 יְהוָֺה^C518 (Qr אֲדֹנָי), or יֱהוִֺה₃₀₅ (Qr אֱלֹהִים), in the combinations אדני יהוה & יהוה אדני (see אֲדֹנֶי), and with preposition בַּיהוָֺה, לַיהוָֺה, מֵיהוָֺה (Qr בַּאדֹנָי, לַאדֹנָי, מֵאדֹנָי), do not give the original form. ᵐ5 and other Vrss follow the Qr. On the basis of Exod 20:7; Lev 24:11 יהוה was regarded as a nomen ineffabile (see Philo^{de Vita Mosis iii. 519, 529}), called by the Jews הַשֵּׁם and by the Samaritans שׁימא. The pronunciation Jehovah was unknown until 1520, when it was introduced by Galatinus; but it was contested by Le Mercier, J. Drusius, and L. Capellus, as against grammatical and historical propriety (compare Bö^{§ 88}). The traditional Ἰαβέ of Theodoret and Epiphanius, the יָֿהוּ, יְהוֺֿ of compound proper name and the contracted form יָהּ all favour יַהְוֶךְ (compare יַהֲלֹמ֑וּן Ps 74:6 תַּהֲרוּ Isa 33:11), see Lag^{Sym i.14} Baud^{Studien i.179 ff.}; Dr^{Stud.Bib.i.1 ff.} For Jeve see Sta^{ZAW 1881, 346} De^{ib.1882, 173 f. & Gn. Excurs. ii.}

2. on literature of interpretations see Nes^Eg.67 Dr^{l.c. — Many recent scholars explain} יַהְוֶה as Hiph`il of היה (=היה) the one bringing into being, life-giver (compare חַוָּה Gen 3:20) Schr HSch; giver of existence, creator, Kue Tiele; he who brings to pass (so already Le Clerc),performer of his promises, Lag, Nes^Eg.88 (but Nes^{Eg.91 inclines to Qal as} RS^{Brit. & For. Ev. Rev} see below); or from היה he who causes to fall, rain or lightning RS^{OTJC.ed.1, 423; om.ed.2, 245}, compare We^{Skizzen iii.175}; 'Fäller,' destroying foes, Sta^G.i.429 (dubiously). But most take it as Qal of הוה (= היה); the one who is: i.e. the absolute and unchangeable one, Ri; the existing, ever living, as self-consistent and unchangeable, Di; or the one ever coming into manifestation as the God of redemption, De Oehl; compare also RS^{Brit. & For. Ev. Rev. 1876}, he will be it, i.e all that his servants look for (compare Ew^infr), he will approve himself (give evidence of being, assert his being Dr^l.c.17)).

**Theories of non-Hebrew or non-Semitic origin, opposed (in their older forms) by Bau^{Rel. i. 181 ff. (see especially 230)}; Dl^{Pa 162 ff.} claimed Babylonian origin for יהו, against this Kue^{national Religions, etc., Note iv (Eng. Trans. 329 ff.)} Jastr^{JBL xiil {1894}, 103 f.} compare Hpt^{BAS i. 170 N}; Dl^{Babel u. Bibel, 46 f., 73 f.} makes same claim for יהוה, against this see especially Hirsch^{ZAW xxiil {1903}, 355 ff.} Zim^{KATS. 465 ff.}; Spiegelb^{ZMG:liii {1899}, 633 ff.} proposes (improbable) Egyptian etymology for יהוה; further discussions see in Kö^{EB NAMES, § 112 and n.3}. 'Jehovah' found in Jacob (? Johannes) Wessel († 1480), according to Schw^{ThLZ, 1905, col. 612}.

I. יהוה is not used by E in Genesis, but is given Exod 3:12-15 as the name of the God who revealed Himself to Moses at Horeb, and is explained thus : אֶהְיֶה עִמָּ֑ךְ I shall be with thee (Exod 3:12), which is then implied in אֶהְיֶה אֲשֶׁר אֶהְיֶה I shall be the one who will be it vExod 3:14a (i.e: with thee vExod 3:12) and then compressed into אֶהְיֶה vExod 3:14b (i.e. with thee vExod 3:12), which then is given in the nominal form יהוה He who will be it vExod 3:15 (i.e. with thee vExod 3:12). compare Ew^{BTh ii. 337, 338} RS^{l.c., Proph. 385 ff.} Other interpretations are: I am he who I am, i.e. it is no concern of yours (Le Clerc Lag^{Psalt.Hieron.156}); I am (this is my name), inasmuch as I am (אֲשֶׁר = כִּי; AE JDMich We^JD Th xxi, 540 = compare Hexateuch 72); Di and others I am who I am, he who is essentially unnameable, inexplicable, — E uses יהוה sparingly by the side of אלהים and האלהים in his subsequent narrative. The Ephraimitic writers in Judges Samuel Kings use it in similar proportions. P abstains from the use of יהוה until he gives an account of its revelation to Moses Exod 6:3 but subsequently uses it freely. He gives no explanation of its meaning. He represents that אֵל שַׁדַּי was the God of the patriarchs. J uses יהוה from the beginning of his narrative, possibly explaining it, Gen 21:83 by אל עולם, the evergreen tamarisk being a symbol of the ever-living God; compare De Gen 21:33. Elsewhere יהוה is the common divine name in pre-exilic writers, but in post-exilic writers gradually falls into disuse, and is supplanted by אלהים and אדני. In Job it is used 31 t. in prose parts, and Job 12:9 (a proverb); not elsewhere in the poem. Chronicles apart from his sources prefers אלהים and האלהים. Daniel uses יהוה only in chap. 9 (7 t.); Ecclesiastes not at all. In the Elohistic group of Psalm 42-83 it is used 39 t. (see אלהים) . It occurs as the name of Israel's God MI¹⁸. It is doubtful whether it was used by other branches of the Shemitic family, compare COT Gen 2:4b Dl^{Pa 158 ff.} Dr^{Stud. Bib. i. 7 ff}.

II. 1. יהוה is used with אלהים and suffixes, especially in D;
a. with אֱלֹהֶיךָ in the Ten Words Exod 20:2-12 (5 t.) = Deut 5:6-16 in the law of worship of J E, Exod 23:19; Exod 34:24; Exod 34:26 in D 234 t.; Josh 1:9; Josh 1:17; Josh 9:9; Josh 9:24 (D²); elsewhere Gen 27:20; Exod 15:26 (JE), Judg 6:26 Samuel & Kings 20 t.; 1Chr 11:2; 1Chr 22:11; 1Chr 22:12; 2Chr 9:8 (twice in verse); 2Chr 16:7; Isa 7:11; Isa 37:4 (twice in verse); Isa 41:13; Isa 43:3; Isa 51:15; Isa 55:5; Jer 40:2 + (3t.); Hos 12:10; Hos 13:4; Hos 14:2; Amos 9:15; Ps 81:11.
b. with אֱלֹהֵיכֶם in D 46 t.; D² 28 t.; H 15 t.; P 15 t.; elsewhere Exod 23:25 (E); Exod 8:24; Exod 10:8; Exod 10:16; Exod 10:17 (JE); Judg 6:10; 1Sam 12:12; 1Sam 12:14; 2Kgs 17:39; 2Kgs 23:21; 1Chr 22:18 + (10 t. Chronicles) Ps 76:12; Jer 13:16 + (5 t.) Ezek 20:5; Ezek 20:7; Ezek 20:19; Ezek 20:20; Joel 2:13 + (6 t.) Zech 6:15.
c. with אֱלֹהֵינוּ in D 23 t.; in D² 5 t.; Exod 8:6 (JE) Exod 3:18; Exod 5:3; Exod 8:22; Exod 8:23; Exod 10:25; Exod 10:26 (E) Judg 11:24; 1Sam 7:8; 1Kgs 8:57; 1Kgs 8:59; 1Kgs 8:61; 1Kgs 8:65; 2Kgs 18:22; 2Kgs 19:10 = Isa 36:7; Isa 37:20; 1Chr 13:2 + (15 t. Chronicles) Mic 4:5; Mic 7:17; Isa 26:13; Jer 3:22 + (17 t.) Ps 20:8; Ps 90:17 (?;Baer אֲדנָֹי); Ps 94:23; Ps 99:5; Ps 99:8; Ps 99:9 (twice in verse); Ps 105:7; Ps 106:47; Ps 113:5; Ps 122:9; Ps 123:2; Dan 9:10; Dan 9:13; Dan 9:14.
d. with אֱלֹהֵיהֶם Exod 10:7 (J) Exod 29:46 (twice in verse); Lev 26:44 (P) Judg 3:7; Judg 8:34; 1Sam 12:9; 1Kgs 9:9; 2Kgs 17:7; 2Kgs 17:9; 2Kgs 17:14; 2Kgs 17:16; 2Kgs 17:19; 2Kgs 18:12; 2Chr 31:6; 2Chr 33:17; 2Chr 34:33; Neh 9:3 (twice in verse); Neh 9:4; Jer 3:21; Jer 22:9; Jer 30:9; Jer 43:1 (twice in verse); Jer 50:4; Ezek 28:26; Ezek 34:30; Ezek 39:22; Ezek 39:28; Hos 1:7; Hos 3:5; Hos 7:10; Zeph 2:7; Hag 1:12 (twice in verse); Zech 9:16; Zech 10:6.
e. with אֱלֹהָיו Num 23:21 (E) Exod 32:11 (J) Lev 4:22 (P) Deut 17:19; Deut 18:7; 1Sam 30:6; 1Kgs 5:17; 1Kgs 11:4; 1Kgs 15:3; 1Kgs 15:4; 1Kgs 2:11; 1Kgs 16:2; 1Kgs 2:1 + 13 t. Chronicles; Mic 5:3; Jer 7:28; Ps 33:12; Ps 144:15; Ps 146:5; Jonah 2:2. feminine with אֱלֹהַי Num 22:18 (JE) Deut 4:5; Deut 18:16; Deut 26:14; Josh 14:8; Josh 14:9; 2Sam 24:24; 1Kgs 3:7; 1Kgs 5:18; 1Kgs 5:19; 1Kgs 8:28; 1Kgs 17:20; 1Kgs 17:21; 1Chr 21:17; 1Chr 22:7; 2Chr 2:3; 2Chr 6:19; 2Chr 9:5; Ps 7:2; Ps 7:4; Ps 13:4; Ps 18:29; Ps 30:3; Ps 30:13; Ps 35:24; Ps 40:6; Ps 104:1; Ps 109:26; Isa 25:1; Jer 31:18; Dan 9:4; Dan 9:20; Jonah 2:7; Hab 1:12; Zech 11:4; Zech 13:9; Zech 14:5.
g. with אֱלֹהַיִךְ Isa 60:9; Jer 2:17; Jer 2:19; Jer 3:13; Mic 7:10; Zeph 3:17.
h. with אלהים, probably always due to later editors, or to a Qr which has crept into the text Gen 2:4b — Gen 3:23 (J, 20 t. either אלהים inserted by R^P as Di De; or יהוה inserted by J in an older source); Exod 9:30 (J, but not in ᵐ5 ⅏; Samaritan אדני יהוה; possibly ᵑ0 from earlier Qr, & ⅏ from later Qr); 2Sam 7:22; 2Sam 7:25 (ᵐ5 אדני יהוה and 1Chr 17:20-23 only יהוה); 1Chr 17:16; 1Chr 17:17 (but 2Sam 7:18; 2Sam 7:19 אדני יהוה) 1Chr 28:20; 1Chr 29:1; 2Chr 1:9; 2Chr 6:41 (twice in verse); 2Chr 6:42; 2Chr 26:18 (but in the original Ps 132:8 stood יהוה (so ℌ), or else no divine name); Ps 72:18 (the late doxology) Ps 84:12 (but it makes the line too long); Jonah 4:6. For the combinations with other divine names see those names.

2. the phrase אֲנִי יהוה is noteworthy: —
a. after אמר either alone Exod 6:2; Exod 6:29 (P) or before relative and other clauses: Gen 28:13 (J) Gen 15:7 (R) Exod 6:6 (P) with אלהיכם Judg 6:10; Ezek 20:5.
b. after ידע כי (α) Exod 7:17; Exod 8:18; Exod 10:2 (J); Exod 7:5; Exod 14:4; Exod 14:18 (P); 1Kgs 20:13; 1Kgs 20:28; Jer 24:7; Ezek 6:7 + 48 t. Ezekiel; (β) with אלהיכם Exod 6:7; Exod 16:12; Deut 29:5 (P) Exod 20:20; Joel 4:17 (γ) with אלהיהם Exod 29:46 (P) Ezek 28:26; Ezek 34:30; Ezek 39:22; Ezek 39:28 (δ) before relative and other clauses Isa 45:3; Isa 49:23; Isa 49:26; Isa 60:16; Ezek 7:9; Ezek 17:24; Ezek 21:10; Ezek 22:22; Ezek 35:12; Ezek 36:36 (ε) with various forms of קדשׁ Exod 31:13 (P) Ezek 20:12; Ezek 37:28; Ezek 39:7 (ζ) with דברתי Ezek 5:13; Ezek 17:21, compare ׳יֵדְעוּ אשׁר אני י Ezek 20:26.
c. after כִּי in various combinations Lev 11:44; Lev 11:45; Num 35:34 (P), Lev 20:7; Lev 20:26; Lev 21:8; Lev 21:15; Lev 21:23; Lev 22:16; Lev 24:22; Lev 25:17; Lev 26:1; Lev 26:44 (all H); Exod 15:26 (R) Isa 41:13; Isa 43:3; Isa 61:8; Jer 9:23; Ezek 12:25; Ezek 21:4; Zech 10:6; Mal 3:6.
d. emphatic Exod 6:8; Exod 12:12; Lev 26:2; Lev 26:45; Num 3:13; Num 3:41; Num 3:45 (all P); Lev 18:5; Lev 18:6; Lev 18:21; Lev 19:12; Lev 19:14; Lev 19:16; Lev 19:18; Lev 19:28; Lev 19:30; Lev 19:32; Lev 19:37; Lev 21:12; Lev 22:2; Lev 22:3; Lev 22:8; Lev 22:30; Lev 22:31; Lev 22:33 (all H) Isa 43:15 with אלהיהם Exod 29:46 with אלהיךָ Isa 48:17 with אלהיכם Lev 23:43; Lev 25:38; Lev 25:55; Num 10:10; Num 15:41 (twice in verse) (P) Lev 18:2; Lev 18:4; Lev 18:30; Lev 19:2; Lev 19:3; Lev 19:4; Lev 19:10; Lev 19:25; Lev 19:31; Lev 19:34; Lev 19:36; Lev 20:24; Lev 23:22; Lev 26:13 (all H) Ezek 20:7; Ezek 20:19; Joel 2:27 with מְקַדֵּשׁ Lev 20:8; Lev 22:9; Lev 22:32 (H), with דברתי Num 14:35 (P) Ezek 5:15 + (11 t. Ezekiel); with clauses Isa 27:3; Isa 41:4; Isa 41:17; Isa 42:6; Isa 42:8; Isa 45:5; Isa 45:6; Isa 45:7; Isa 45:8; Isa 45:18; Isa 45:19; Isa 45:21; Isa 60:22; Jer 17:10; Jer 32:27; Ezek 14:4; Ezek 14:7; Ezek 14:9; Ezek 34:24 אָנֹכִי יהוה is used in the Ten Words Exod 20:2; Exod 20:5 = Deut 5:6; Deut 5:9 cited Ps 81:11; Hos 12:10; Hos 13:4 elsewhere only Exod 4:11 (J) Isa 43:11; Isa 44:24; Isa 51:15.

3. יהוה is also used with several predicates, to form sacred names of holy places of Yahweh יהוה יראה Gen 22:14 (J); יהוה נסי Exod 17:15 (E) יהוה שׁלים Judg 6:24 יהוה צדקנו Jer 33:16 (compare Jer 23:6 where it is applied to the Messiah); יהוה שָׁ֑מָּה Ezek 48:35. — On combinations such as ׳הַר י, צְבָאוֺת ׳י etc., see הַר, צָבָא, etc.

Note. — Bonk^{ZAW 1891, 126 ff.} seems to shew that as prefix, in compare proper name, יְהוֺ is the oldest and the latest form and that יוֺ is intermediate, belonging to the earlier post-exilic period until the time of Chronicles; occasional copyists' mistakes being taken into the account.

BDB3475 H3068

׳יְהוֺ proper name compounded with, see below יהוה above.

BDB3483 H3068 H3069

יהוה proper name, of deity, see below הוה.

BDB3489 H3068 H3097

׳יו = ׳יְהוֺ proper name compounded with, see below יהוה above: — namely יוֺאָב, יוֺאָח, יוֺאָחָז, יוֺאֵל, יוֺאָשׁ, יוֺיָכִין, יוֺיָקִים, יוֺיָרִיב, יוֺעֵד, יוֺעָשׁ, יוֺקִים, יוֺרָם, יוֺתָם, etc.

Strong's Definition H3068

lord, lords, god, jehovah, jehovah-jireh, …

yĕhōwâ

the existing One

(the) self-Existent or Eternal; Jeho-vah, Jewish national name of God

the proper name of the one true God

unpronounced except with the vowel pointings of H0136

Variations 44 forms of this word

Translations 243 English renderings

Yahweh Creator

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Word Parts

חָרָ֣ה

Root word kindled, wroth, hot, angry, fret, …

Dictionary form: חָרָה · haw-RAW

Vowels & Accents

Hebrew Alephbet

Grammar Vqp3ms

Verb — Qal, Perfect (Qatal), third person masculine singular simple action — "he did" completed action — try "he ___ed" or "he has ___ed" the built-in subject is "he (or it)"

חָרָה

Speech Verb Stem Qal Type Perfect (Qatal) Person Third Person Gender Masculine Number Singular

Verb Chart

Full verb chart

In English

In the KJV here: was kindled

was kindled ×27 wroth ×8 kindled ×6 was hot ×4 be kindled ×3 fret ×3 he was wroth ×3 to be angry ×3

More options

burn with anger — Captures the fiery physical intensity of the emotion.

be furious — Strong register; use for peak emotional outbursts.

be angry — Neutral, broadly applicable modern default.

be enraged — Slightly stronger than angry; good for divine wrath contexts.

seethe — Vivid and contemporary; suits simmering, building anger.

fume — Colloquial; fits human characters, less suited to God.

Brown-Driver-Briggs (BDB)

BDB3107 H2734 H8474

חָרָה verb burn, be kindled, of anger (Aramaic חרי Pa`el cause, fire to burn (rare); Zinjirli חרא anger, Nö^{ZMG 1893, 98. 103}; Arabic burning sensation, in throat, etc., from rage and pain) —

Qal Perfect ׳ח Gen 4:6 + 20 t.; Imperfect יֶחֱרֶה Exod 32:11 + 2 t.; יִ֫חַר Gen 18:30 + 7 t.; וַיִּ֫חַר Gen 4:5 + 46 t.; Infinitive absolute חָרֹה 1Sam 20:7 construct חֲרוֺת 2Sam 24:1; Ps 124:3 —

1. of man:
a. חרה אף (one's) anger was kindled, burned Gen 39:19; Num 22:27 (J), Exod 32:19; Exod 32:22 (JE), Judg 9:30; Judg 14:19; 1Sam 11:6; Job 32:2; Job 32:5 with בְּ against Gen 30:2 (E), Gen 44:18 (J), 1Sam 17:28; 1Sam 20:30; 2Sam 12:5; 2Chr 25:10; Ps 124:3; Job 32:2; Job 32:3 with אֶל Num 24:10 (E).
b. impersonal, אף omitted; חרה לְ it was kindled for (him) he burned with anger Gen 31:36 (E), Gen 4:5; Gen 4:6; Gen 34:7; Num 16:15 (J), 1Sam 15:11 (read perhaps וַיֵּצֶר, Weir in Dr), 1Sam 18:8; 1Sam 20:7 (twice in verse); 2Sam 3:8; 2Sam 6:8 = 1Chr 13:11; 2Sam 13:21; 2Sam 19:43; Neh 3:33; Neh 4:1; Neh 5:6; Jonah 4:1; Jonah 4:4; Jonah 4:9 (twice in verse); insert ויחר לדוד 2Sam 11:22 ᵐ5 We Dr; בְּעֵינֵי ׳ח Gen 31:35; Gen 45:5 (E).

2. of God:
a. אף ׳ח Exod 22:23; Num 22:22 (E), Num 11:1; Num 11:10; Num 32:10 (J); with בְּ Exod 4:14; Exod 32:10; Num 12:9; Deut 31:17 (J), Deut 6:15; Deut 7:4; Deut 11:17; Deut 29:26; Josh 23:16 (D), Judg 6:39; 2Sam 6:7 = 1Chr 13:10; Hos 8:5; 2Kgs 23:26; 2Chr 25:15; Job 42:7 בְּעַם Exod 32:11; Num 11:33 (J), Isa 5:25; Ps 106:40 בישׂראל Num 25:3; Num 32:13 (JE); Judg 2:14; Judg 2:20; Judg 3:8; Judg 10:7; 2Sam 24:1; 2Kgs 13:3 בבני ישׂראל Josh 7:1 (R); בנהרים, אף omitted, Hab 3:8 with עַל Zech 10:3.
b. חרה לְ Gen 18:30; Gen 18:32 (J) 2Sam 22:8 = Ps 18:8. —

Note: חרה not in HP (who use קצף); nor in Jeremiah, Ezekiel, Isa², Proverbs or poetry of Job. Niph`al Perfect נִחֲרוּֿ followed by בְּ Song 1:6 (according to Bö^{ii. 379} De Kö^{1. 551}) be angry with; Participle ׳כֹּל הַנֶּחֱרִים בְּ all that are incensed against (thee) Isa 41:11, so Isa 45:24. Hiph`il Perfect הֶחֱרָה הֶחֱזִיק Neh 3:20 burned with zeal (?) in repairing, but ᵐ5 omit החרה; probably dittograph; Imperfect וַיַּחַר עָלַי אַפּוֺ Job 19:11 and kindled his anger against me. Hithpa`el Imperfect אַל תִּתְחַר Ps 37:1; Ps 37:7; Ps 37:8; Prov 24:19 heat oneself in vexation. — The following forms are somewhat dubious: Imperfect 2 masculine singular אֵיךְ תְּתַחֲרֶה אֶתהַֿסּוּסִים Jer 12:5 how canst thou hotly contend (in a race) with the horses ? Participle כִּי אַתָּה מְתַחֲרֶה בָאָ֑רֶז Jer 22:15 because thou strivest eagerly (to excel) in cedar; explained as Tiph`el by Thes Ges^{«GKC:55»§ 55}, 5 Ew^{§ 122 a} Ol^{§ 255 a} Sta^{§ 159 b} Kö^{i. p. 557} and others, and regarded by most as a rare causative stem; but ag. existence of Tiph`el see Ba^{NB § 180 a; ZMG 1894, 20}; Ba regards the form as denominative (from a noun formed by ת preform., compare Aramaic contention); SS would point as Hithpa`el [compare Syriac contend with, contention], although meaning of Hithpa`el is different, see above

Strong's Definition H2734

kindled, wroth, hot, angry, fret, …

ḥārâ

to glow or grow warm; figuratively (usually) to blaze up, of anger, zeal, jealousy

to be hot, furious, burn, become angry, be kindled

(Qal) to burn, kindle (anger)

Variations 16 forms of this word

Translations 36 English renderings

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Word Parts

בָ עָ֔ם

בָ

Prefix — preposition in, at, by, with + "the" (the article is absorbed into the prefix)

עָ֔ם

Root word people, nations, nation, peoples, folk, …

Dictionary form: עַם · am

Vowels & Accents

בָ

Hidden "the" בָ = the preposition + the article הַ squeezed together: the "a" vowel under the prefix is the swallowed "the". Translate "in the ___".

Hebrew Alephbet

Grammar Rd/Ncmsa

Noun — Common, masculine singular, absolute state

בָ	Speech Preposition Type Definite Article
עָם	Speech Noun Type Common Gender Masculine Number Singular State Absolute

In English

In the KJV here: against the people

the people ×572 people ×220 of the people ×150 my people ×113 and the people ×110 his people ×78 thy people ×58 of my people ×50

More options

people — Most versatile rendering; fits collective and singular contexts.

nation — Emphasizes ethnic or political identity as a unified group.

community — Highlights shared belonging; good for social or covenant contexts.

population — Neutral, demographic tone; useful for census or mass-movement passages.

folk — Informal, grassroots feel; suits ordinary or rural settings.

crowd — Best for gathered assemblies rather than an ongoing social group.

Brown-Driver-Briggs (BDB)

BDB6144 H5971 H5993

I. עַם, עָם₁₈₄₀ noun masculine^{Gen 11:6} (see below) people (Late Hebrew id., plebeian, common man; ᵑ7 עַמָּא people, plural peoples, tribes, etc.; Syriac ; Arabic see above; original meaning probably those united, connected, related, compare We^{GGN 1893, 480}); — absolute עַם Gen 11:6 +, עָם Judg 9:36 +, הָעָם Josh 8:11 +; construct עַם Num 21:29 +; suffix עַמִּי Exod 3:7 +, עַמְּךָ Exod 22:27 +, etc.; plural עַמִּים Isa 2:3 +, עֲמָמִים (compare Biblical Aramaic) Neh 9:22 construct עַמֵּי 1Kgs 8:43 +, עַמְמֵי Neh 9:24 plural with suffix see II. עַם; — (Thes cites following as feminine וְחָטָאת עַמֶּ֑ךָ Exod 5:16 [but corrupt and unintellig.; read perhaps ׳וְחַטָאתָ לְע, so ᵐ5 ᵑ6 Di]; Judg 18:7 [but ישֶׁבֶת must agree with lost word city, or the like, see GFM]; Jer 8:5 [but read שׁוֺבַב for שׁוֺבְבָה Gie]); —

1. a people, nation (sometimes || גּוֺי), collective noun (singular Exod 21:8; Josh 17:14; Josh 17:15; Josh 17:17; 2Sam 17:29 + often, or plural Exod 20:15; Exod 24:2; Jer 5:31 + often, or both in same clause Exod 1:20; 2Sam 13:24): עַם אֶחָד = all mankind Gen 11:6 (J); peoples in general Gen 27:29 (J; || לְאֻמִּים), Exod 19:5 (E), Deut 2:25; Deut 4:6 + often Deuteronomy; Neh 13:24 + often; קְהַל עַמִּים Gen 28:3 (P) an assembly (multitude) of peoples, Gen 48:4 (P), Ezek 23:24; Ezek 32:3 (+ רַבִּים); one's own people Jer 46:16; Ps 45:11; Ruth 1:10; Ruth 1:15; Ruth 1:16 (twice in verse) + (on עַמִּי נָדִיב Song 6:12 see especially Bu); particular peoples, Egypt Gen 41:40 (E), Exod 1:22 (E), Neh 9:10 +; עַםאֲֿרָם Amos 1:5 עַםכְּֿמוֺשׁ (i.e. Moab) Num 21:29 (JE), Jer 48:46 but especially Israel Exod 1:20 (E) + often; ׳עַםבְּֿנֵי יִשׂ vExod 1:9 (J); called יהוה ׳ע Num 11:29 (E), 1Sam 2:24 +, and (by ׳י) עַמִּי Exod 3:7; Exod 5:1 (J) + often (all periods); קְהַל עַםהָֿאֱלֹהִים Judg 20:2, עַםהַֿקָּהָל Lev 16:33 (P), קְהַל עָם Ps 107:32 especially הָעָם הַזֶּה (often in contempt or disgust) Num 11:1; Num 11:12; Num 11:13 +; figurative of ants Prov 30:25, the shaphan vProv 30:26, locusts Joel 2:2, compare לְעַם לְצִיִּים Ps 74:14 (where read לְעַם צִיִּים Hup-Now). — On Judg 1:16 see עֲמָלֵקִי.

2. = smaller units, e.g.
a. inhabitants of a city Gen 19:4 (J), 1Sam 9:12; 1Sam 9:13; Jer 29:16; Jer 29:25; 2Chr 31:4 + (Jer 8:5 strike out ׳יְרוּוּשׁ ᵐ5 Gie Co Rothst).
b. inhabitants of a locality Jer 37:12 [apparently not = tribe, Deut 33:3 read עַמּוֺ ᵐ5 Di Dr, Hos 10:14; Judg 5:8; Judg 5:14 read בְּעָרֶיךָ We Now; see below ד].
c. retainers, followers Gen 14:16; Gen 32:8; Gen 33:15; Gen 35:6; Judg 3:18; Judg 8:5; 2Sam 15:17; Jer 41:13; Jer 41:14 +.
d. people bearing arms 1Sam 11:11; 1Kgs 20:10 +; כָּבֵד ׳ע Num 20:20 (JE), i.e. a powerful force; עַם הַצָּבָא Num 31:32 (P), הַמִּלְחָמָה ׳ע Josh 8:1; Josh 8:3; Josh 8:11; Josh 10:7; Josh 11:7 (all J E); so probably Judg 5:8 a (fighting) band; perhaps also vJudg 5:14 (read singular ? see GFM Bu).

3. = common people Jer 21:7; Jer 22:4; Lev 4:27 (opposed to ruler vLev 4:22), Neh 5:1 (opposed to יְהוּדִים), Neh 7:5 (opposed to rulers).

4. people in general, persons Gen 50:20 (E), so apparently ׳כָּלהָֿעָם אֲשֶׁר וגו Exod 33:16 (J), Num 11:34 (J), Josh 5:5 (twice in verse) (D), Judg 9:36 (as singular), vJudg 9:37 (as plural), Jer 36:9 persons labouring 1Kgs 9:23 superior persons Job 12:2 (iron.); עַם עוֺלָם Ezek 26:30 people of long ago (now in Sh®°ôl).

5. phrases are:
a. (עַמָּהּ, עַמִּי, עַמְּךָ) בְּנֵי עַמּוֺ members of one's people, compatriots, fellow-countrymen, etc. Num 22:5 (E), Gen 23:11 (P) Lev 19:18 (H), Judg 14:16; Judg 14:17; Ezek 33:2; Ezek 33:12 +.
b. בְּנֵי הָעָם = common people (see 3) 2Kgs 23:6; Jer 26:23 +; people in general שַׁעַר בְּנֵי הָעָם Jer 17:19 i.e. public gate 2Chr 35:5; 2Chr 35:12.
c. עַם הָאָרֶץ the people at large, as a body 2Kgs 11:14; 2Kgs 11:18; 2Kgs 11:19; 2Kgs 11:20; 2Kgs 15:5; 2Kgs 16:15; 2Kgs 21:24 (twice in verse) +, Jer 37:2; Jer 44:21; Lev 20:2 (H), Gen 23:7; Gen 23:12; Gen 23:13 (P); common people Jer 34:19, compare ׳הא ׳דַּלַּת ע 2Kgs 24:14 distinguished from prince Ezek 45:22; Ezek 46:3; Ezek 46:9, from priests Hag 2:4; Zech 7:5 = Canaanites Num 14:9 (JE), compare עַמֵּי הָאָרֶץ 1Chr 5:25 mixed post-exile population Ezra 4:4.
d. עַמֵּי הָאָרֶץ usually peoples of the earth Josh 4:24 (D), 2Chr 32:19 +; of heathen peoples about and in Palestine after exile Ezra 10:2; Ezra 10:11 traders Neh 10:31 עַמֵּי הָאֲרָצוֺת Neh 9:30; Neh 10:29; 2Chr 32:13.
e. מִשְׁפְּחוֺת עַמִּים Ps 96:7 = 1Chr 16:28 (compare Ps 22:28). feminine בַּתעַֿמִּי = people personified Isa 22:4; Jer 4:11 + 7 t. Jeremiah + Jer 6:14 (van d. H.; omit בַּת Baer Gi), Lam 2:11; Lam 3:48; Lam 4:3; Lam 4:6; Lam 4:10 בְּתוּלַת בַּתעַֿמִּי Jer 14:17.
g. designations of Israel are: עַםקָֿרוֺשׁ Deut 7:6 + 3 t., קְדוֺשִׁים ׳ע Dan 8:24, (ה)קֹדֶשׁ ׳ע Isa 62:12; Isa 63:18; Dan 12:7 סְגֻלָּה ׳ע Deut 7:6; Deut 14:2; Deut 26:18.
h. of foreign (non-Israel) peoples: ׳ע נָכְרִי Exod 21:8 (E), אַחֵר ׳ע Deut 28:32, and especially from language, עִמְקֵי שָׂפָה ׳ע Ezek 3:5 compare vEzek 3:6, כִּלְשׁוֺן עַם וָעָם Neh 13:24 compare Esth 1:22 (twice in verse); Esth 3:12, לֹעֵג ׳ע Ps 114:1.
i. עַם עֶבְרָתִי Isa 10:6, חֶרְמִי ׳ע Isa 34:11, מִֿבְחָרָיו׳ע Dan 11:15, עַמֵּי תּוֺעֵבוֺת הָאֵלֶּה Ezra 9:14 לֹא עַם בִּינוֺת Isa 27:11. — For עַםעֿוֺלָם Isa 44:7 read (אֹתִיּוֺת) (מִי הִשְׁמִי)עַ מֵעוֺלָם Oort Du Kit Che^Hpt compare Perles^{Anal. 40, 64}.

BDB6147 H5971

II. [עַם] noun [masculine] kinsman

**later development of I. עַם RS^{K 58; 2nd ed. 72}. (on father's side) (Arabic paternal uncle, etc., see I. עמם; compare perhaps Tel Amarna ammu, kinsmen (?); on Nabataean עם ancestor compare Lzb^{151, 499}; see also especially Nes^{Eg 187, ZAW xvi (1896), 322f.} Krenkel^{ib. viii (1888), 280-84}); — suffix עַמִּי in בֶּןעַֿמִּי (q. v.), and proper name following; elsewhere plural suffix עַמֶּיךָ Num 27:13; Num 31:2 (Lev 19:16 read עַמְּךָ ᵐ5 ⅏), + (possibly) עֲמָָמֶיךָ Judg 5:14 עַמָּיו Gen 25:8 + 15 t., עַמֶּיהָ Gen 17:14 + 3 t.; read עַמֶּי (for ᵑ0 עַמִּי, I. עַם; compare Krenkel^{l.c. 281}) Gen 49:29 and perhaps Judg 14:3 (compare Lev 21:14); according to Buhl Kit also 2Kgs 4:13 — father's kinsmen: וַיֵּאָסֵף אֶלעַֿמָּיו Gen 25:8 (of joining kinsmen in Sh®°ôl), so vGen 25:17; Gen 35:29; Gen 49:33; Num 20:24; Deut 32:50, compare Gen 49:29 (see above), Num 27:13; Num 31:2; Deut 32:50 (all P); וְנִכְרְתָה הַנֶּפֶשׁ מֵעַמֶּיהָ Gen 17:4 (severed from living kinsmen), so Lev 7:20; Lev 7:21; Lev 7:23; Lev 7:27; Lev 19:8; Lev 23:29; Num 9:13, מִקֶּרֶב עַמֶּיהָ Exod 31:14, compare Exod 30:33; Exod 30:38; Lev 17:9 (all PH); מֵעַמָּיו יִקַּח אִשָּׁה Lev 21:14 (H), and perhaps Judg 14:3 (simile I. עַם: [םָ֯, הָּ֯] מִקֶּרֶב עַמּוֺ Lev 17:4; Lev 17:10; Lev 18:29+); other combinations Judg 5:14 (si vera lectio read perhaps בְּעַמֶּ֑ךָ, see I. עַם 2 d ), Lev 21:1; Lev 21:4; Lev 21:15 (H), Ezek 18:18 and (perhaps) 2Kgs 4:13. — בֶּןעַֿמִּי perhaps = son of my kinsman; on proper name with עַם see Gray^{Prop. N. 41 ff}.

BDB9776 H5971 H5972

עַם noun masculine^{Ezra 6:12} people (see Biblical Hebrew I. עמם, עַם); — ׳ע absolute Dan 2:44; Dan 3:29; Ezra 6:12, construct Dan 7:27 emphatic עַמָּה Ezra 5:12, עַמָּא Ezra 7:13; Ezra 7:16; Ezra 7:25 plural emphatic עַמֲמַיָּא (K^{§§ 15d}); 55, 5 a)) Dan 3:4; Dan 3:7 (twice in verse); Dan 3:31; Dan 5:19; Dan 6:26; Dan 7:14.

Strong's Definition H5971

people, nations, nation, peoples, folk, …

ʿam

a people (as a congregated unit); specifically, a tribe (as those of Israel); hence (collectively) troops or attendants; figuratively, a flock

nation, people

people, nation

Variations 124 forms of this word

Translations 234 English renderings

People's Gate A gate in Jerusalem mentioned by Jeremiah

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Word Parts

וַ יַּ֤ךְ

וַ

Prefix — connector and (sometimes: but, so, then)

יַּ֤ךְ

Root word smote, smite, slew, smitten, slain, …

Dictionary form: נָכָה · naw-KAW

Vowels & Accents

וַ

Vav-consecutive (wayyiqtol) The וַ prefix — vav with patach plus a doubling dagesh in the next letter — flips this verb into story-telling past: translate "and (he) ___ed", not "will ___".

Hebrew Alephbet

Grammar C/Vhw3ms

Verb — Hiphil, Sequential Imperfect (Wayyiqtol), third person masculine singular causative — "he made (someone) do" story-telling past — try "and he ___ed" the built-in subject is "he (or it)"

וַ	Speech Conjunction
יַּךְ	Speech Verb Stem Hiphil Type Sequential Imperfect (Wayyiqtol) Person Third Person Gender Masculine Number Singular

Verb Chart

Full verb chart

In English

In the KJV here: smote

and smote ×52 smote ×52 smite ×23 slew ×22 and he smote ×14 and they smote ×13 and slew ×12 and smite ×12

More options

strike — Broad, everyday term; suits most physical-blow contexts.

slay — Prefer for lethal intent; slightly elevated but not archaic.

beat — Use when repeated blows or punishment are in view.

kill — Plain and direct; best when death is the clear outcome.

wound — Use when the victim survives but is injured.

slaughter — Mass or violent killing; strong register, war or sacrifice.

Brown-Driver-Briggs (BDB)

BDB5192 H5221

[נָכָה]₅₀₁ verb smite (not in Qal) (Late Hebrew Hiph`il id.; Perfect 3 plural הכו SI⁴, Infinitive [ת]להכ ib. 2; Syriac , laesit, nocuit, repugnavit; Aph`el laesit, vulneravit; Ethiopic laesit, nocuit; compare Arabic be defeated, the inflicting of injury on an enemy Lane³⁰³⁸); —

Niph`al Perfect וְנִכָּה וָמֵת consecutive 2Sam 11:15 and he shall be smitten [struck by weapon in battle] and die.

Pu`al Perfect 3 feminine singular נֻכָּ֑תָה Exod 9:31 3 plural נֻכּוּ vExod 9:32 (J), both be smitten down by the hail.

Hiph`il₄₈₂ Perfect 3 masculine singular הִכָּה Exod 9:25 +; suffix וְהִכַּ֫נִי consecutive Gen 32:12, הִכָּם Jer 5:6 2 masculine singular הִכִּ֫יתָ Exod 17:5 +; 1 singular הִכֵּיתִי Judg 15:16 +, וְהִכֵּתִ֫י Exod 3:20 +; 3 plural הִכּוּ Gen 19:11 +; 2 masculine plural הִכִּיתֶם Jer 37:10 + 3 t. consecutive; etc.; Imperfect 3 masculine singular יַכֶּה Exod 21:20 +, יַךְ Hos 6:1 (but read וַיַּךְ We Now GASm); וְיַח Hos 14:6 (see below); וַיַּכֶּה Josh 10:40 +, usually וַיַּךְ Exod 2:12 +; suffix 2 masculine singular יַכֶּ֫כָּה Jer 40:15 + 2 t., 3 masculine singular וַיַּכּוֺ 2Sam 14:6 (but read וַיַּךְ ᵐ5. ᵑ6 ᵑ9 Th We Dr Klo Kit Bu HPS), יַכֶּ֫נּוּ 1Sam 17:25 + 2 t.; usually וַיַּכֵּ֫הוּ Num 21:24 +; 3 feminine singular וַתַּךְ Jonah 4:7; Jonah 4:8 2 masculine singular תַּכֶּה Exod 2:13 +; suffix 3 masculine singular תַּכֶּ֫נּוּ Prov 23:13; Prov 23:14 1 singular אַכֶּה 1Sam 18:11 +; וָאַכֶּה Neh 13:25, וָאַךְ Exod 9:15 3 masculine plural יַכוּ Mic 4:14 usually וַיַּכּוּ Gen 14:5 + (1Sam 4:2 read probably Hoph`al q. v.); 1 plural נַכֶּהֿ Num 22:6 וַנַךְ Deut 2:33, etc.; Imperative הַכֵּה Ezek 6:11, הַךְ Amos 9:1 +; masculine plural הַכּוּ 2Sam 13:28, etc.; Infinitive absolute הַכֵּה Deut 3:16 +, הַכּוֺת 2Kgs 3:24 (Ges^{«GKC:75ff»§ 75ff}); cstr. הַכּוֺת Gen 4:15 +, etc.; Participle מַכֶּה Exod 2:11 +; construct מַכֵּה Exod 21:12 +; plural מַכִּים 1Sam 4:8 +, etc.; —

1. a. literally, smite (with a single, non-fatal, blow), strike, followed by accusative, ass Num 22:23; Num 22:25; Num 22:27 (בְּמַקֵּל), vNum 22:28 vNum 22:32 (all J); man Exod 21:15; Exod 21:19 (E); cheeks Job 16:10 man (on) cheek (2 accusative) Lam 3:30; Ps 3:8 man עַללְֿחִי Mic 4:14 (ב instrumental), 1Kgs 22:24 = 2Chr 18:23 eye Exod 21:26 (E); שֵׁבֶט מַכֵּךְ Isa 14:29 (figurative of conqueror); with (בׅ stone or fist Exod 21:18 (E), compare (figurative) Isa 58:4 (absolute); smite lion or bear 1Sam 17:35 strike river (with rod מַטֶּה) 1Sam 7:17 (with עַל object, + ב instrumental), v1Sam 7:20; Exod 17:5 (E; ב instrumental), also (with mantle) 2Kgs 2:8; 2Kgs 2:14 (twice in verse), compare ׳י smiting Euphrates into (לׅ seven streams Isa 11:15 dust Exod 8:12; Exod 8:13 (P); rock Exod 17:6 (E), Num 20:11 (P; ב instrumental), Ps 78:20 figurative smite earth בְּשֵׁבֶט פִּיו Isa 11:4 (of future Davidic king); strike on ground (אַ֫רְצָה; with arrows) 2Kgs 13:18, also (absolute) v2Kgs 13:18 v2Kgs 13:19 strike weapons out of (מִן) hands, Ezek 39:3 (׳י; figurative of making powerless); lintel of door Amos 9:1 barley-loaf strikes tent Judg 7:13 (in dream); in figure of regret, remorse וַיַּךְ לֵב דָּוִד אֹתוֺ 2Sam 24:10 and David's heart smote him, so 1Sam 24:6 (+ עַלאֲֿשֶׁר because); of goat smiting (butting with horn) the ram, so as to break its horns Dan 8:7 (in vision); smite = hit with missile, sling-stone 1Sam 17:49 (with accusative of person + אֶלמִֿצְחוֺ), compare 2Kgs 3:25 (but text perhaps corrupt, see Benz); arrow, 1Kgs 22:34 = 2Chr 18:33 (with accusative of person + בֵּין), 2Kgs 9:24 (c. id.); of piercing, הַכּוֺת בַּחֲנִית בְּדָוִד וּבַקִּיר 1Sam 19:10 smite with the dart into David and into the wall, pin David to the wall, בַּקִּיר ׳וַיַּךְ אֶתהַֿח v1Sam 19:10, compare 1Sam 18:11, אַכֶּנּוּ בַחֲנִית וּבָאָרֶץ 1Sam 26:8.
b. smite repeatedly, beat, a man Exod 2:11; Exod 2:13 (E), Exod 5:16 (J), Neh 13:25 (מִן partitive), compare Deut 25:11 here probably also 1Kgs 20:35 (twice in verse); 1Kgs 20:37 (twice in verse) (הַכֵּה וּפָצֹעַ beating and bruising him); of Assyria under figure of taskmaster Isa 10:24 beat a woman so as to bruise her (פָּצַע) Song 5:7 beat by authority, scourge Jer 20:2; Jer 37:15; Deut 25:2; Deut 25:3 (with accusative of person + accusative of congnate meaning with verb מַכָּה רַבָּה), vDeut 25:3 compare כִּן הַכּוֺת vDeut 25:2 i.e. worthy of scourging, bastinado, (compare Dr); 2Chr 25:16; Prov 17:10; Prov 19:25; Prov 23:13; Prov 23:14 (ב instrumental); compare גֵּוִי נָחַתִּי לְמַכִּים Isa 50:6 of hail, beat down herbage etc. Exod 9:25 (twice in verse) (compare Pu`al).
c. וַיַּכּוּ כַף 2Kgs 11:12 and they clapped hands (in applause); elsewhere only Ezek., in mockery; כַּף אֶלכַּֿף Ezek 21:19; Ezek 21:22 בְּכַפְּךָ Ezek 6:11 (|| רְקַּע בְּרַגְלְךָ; accusative כַּפִּי Ezek 22:13.
d. give a thrust (with fork) into (ב) pot 1Sam 2:14 strike roots Hos 14:6 (in figurative, but וַיֵּלְכוּ We Now).
e. rarely smite (in battle) so as (merely) to wound 1Kgs 8:28, so (+ accusative of congnate meaning with verb מַכָּה) v1Kgs 8:29; 1Kgs 9:18 = 2Chr 22:6 figurative of ׳י's wounding Israel Hos 6:1 (opposed to חָבַשׁ bind up), Jer 30:14 (with accusative of congnate meaning with verb). compare smite with (ב) the tongue Jer 18:18. feminine smite, of sun, etc., with accusative of person Isa 49:10; Ps 121:6 with עַל Jonah 4:8.

2. Smite fatally:
a. (subject man) smite, with accusative, + word of killing (dying): — object lion and bear 1Sam 17:35 man Exod 21:12; Exod 21:20 (E), Josh 10:26 (JE), Josh 11:17 (D), 1Sam 17:50; 2Sam 1:15; 2Sam 2:31 (מִן partitive + ב among), 2Sam 4:7; 2Sam 14:6; 2Sam 18:15; 2Sam 21:17; 1Kgs 16:10; 2Kgs 12:22; 2Kgs 15:30; 2Kgs 25:21 = Jer 52:27; 2Kgs 25:25; Jer 41:2; Num 35:16; Num 35:17; Num 35:18; Num 35:21 (P; all with ב instrumental); with accusative + אֶלחֹֿמֶשׁ + ב instrumental 2Sam 2:23 smote him (fatally) in the belly with (on text see HPS), 2Sam 20:10, compare 2Sam 3:27; 2Sam 4:6 (but strike out ᵐ5 Ew Th We Dr Bu HPS); וְהִכָּהוּ נֶפֶשׁ Deut 19:11 and he smite him in his life (mortally), and he die, compare (without word of dying) vDeut 19:6; Gen 37:21 (J), Jer 40:14; Jer 40:15 [otherwise Lev 24:17; Lev 24:18; Lev 35:15; Lev 35:30; Josh 20:3; Josh 20:9]; with prolepsis לְהַכּוֺת חֲלָלִים smite the slain Judg 20:31; Judg 20:39 + אַ֫רְצָה smite to the ground i.e. kill 2Sam 2:22; 2Sam 18:11.
b. smite, of worm gnawing or boring so as to kill plant Jonah 4:7.
c. very often = kill, slay, man or beast (c. 150 t.): Gen 4:15; Gen 8:21 (exterminate; both J), Exod 2:12; Num 21:35 (E), Josh 7:5 (מִן partitive), vJosh 7:5 (JE), Deut 19:6; Deut 21:1; Deut 27:24; Deut 27:25; Josh 11:10 (ב instrumental; all D), Lev 24:17; Lev 24:18; Lev 24:21 (twice in verse) (H), Num 35:11; Num 35:15; Num 35:21; Num 35:24; Num 35:30; Josh 9:18; Josh 20:3; Josh 20:9 (all P), Judg 15:16; 1Sam 17:9 (twice in verse); 1Sam 17:36; 2Sam 12:9 (ב instrumental), 2Kgs 9:7 (exterminate), etc.; with ב among 1Sam 23:5, מִן partitive Judg 14:19; Judg 20:45 with ב partitive slay at, work slaughter among 2Sam 23:10 (insert also in || 1Chr 11:13 see Be^{on the passage} Dr^{2Sam 23:10}), but also ב of direct object 1Sam 18:7; 1Sam 21:12; 1Sam 29:5 subject lion 1Kgs 20:36 (twice in verse) compare Jer 5:6 (figurative of judgment); ׳י subject 1Sam 6:19b (ב among, + accusative of congnate meaning with verb; 1Sam 6:19 a וַיַּךְ corrupt see ᵐ5 Th We Dr Kl Kit Bu HPS); slay firstborn Exod 12:2 (J), vExod 12:29; Num 3:13; Num 8:17; Num 33:4 (all P), Ps 78:51; Ps 105:36; Ps 135:8 God slays for (עַל) sin 2Sam 6:7 = 1Chr 13:10 (עַלאֲֿשֶׁר); slay לְפִיחֶֿרֶב Deut 13:16; Deut 20:13; (all D), Judg 18:27; Judg 21:10; 1Sam 22:9; 2Kgs 10:25; Jer 21:7; Job 1:15; Job 1:17 kill, slay, with accusative of congnate meaning with verb (מַכָּה) 1Sam 14:14; 1Kgs 20:21 (ב among), 2Chr 13:17 (בָּהֶם), 2Chr 25:13 (מֵהֶם); with accusative of person + accusative of congnate meaning with verb Josh 10:20 (JE), Esth 9:5, etc.; kill unwittingly, unintentionally הִכָּה בִבְלִי דַ֫עַת Deut 19:4; Josh 20:5 (both D).

3. Smite = attack, attack and destroy a company Gen 32:9; Gen 32:12; Gen 34:30; Josh 8:21; Judg 8:11; Judg 9:43; 2Kgs 8:21; 2Chr 21:9 attack and capture a city Judg 1:8 vJudg 1:12 = Josh 15:16 (JE), Josh 7:3; Josh 10:4 (JE), 1Sam 30:1; 1Kgs 15:20 = 2Chr 16:4; 2Kgs 15:16 (twice in verse); 1Chr 20:1; 2Chr 14:13; Jer 47:1 tents 1Chr 4:41; 2Chr 14:14 = sack a city לְפִיחֶֿרֶב (slaying inhabitants), Josh 8:24; Josh 19:47 (both J E), Josh 10:28; Josh 10:30; Josh 10:32; Josh 10:35; Josh 10:37 compare vJosh 10:39 (all D), Judg 1:25; Judg 20:37; 2Sam 15:14 especially defeat king or army (involving often overthrow, pursuit and slaughter), — approximately 95 t., — Gen 14:5; Gen 14:15; Gen 14:17; Num 14:45; Num 21:24 (JE), Josh 8:12; Josh 10:10 (+ accusative of congnate meaning with verb), vJosh 10:10 (עַד location), Josh 11:8 (twice in verse) (all J E), Deut 1:4; Deut 2:33; Deut 3:3; Deut 4:46; Deut 7:2; Deut 29:6; Josh 10:33; Josh 10:40 (מִןו֯עד location), Josh 12:1; Josh 12:6; Josh 12:12; Josh 13:12 (all D); Judg 1:5; Judg 1:17; 1Sam 11:11 (עד temporal), 1Kgs 13:17 (עַדכַּֿלֵּה), 2Kgs 3:24a + v2Kgs 3:24b (where read וַיָּבֹאוּ בוֺא וְהַכּוֺת and they went on defeating), Isa 10:20; Jer 37:10, etc.; insert וַיַּךְ or הִכָּה in 2Sam 8:13 Th Ke Kit Bu compare Dr, after ᵐ5; with ב object 1Sam 14:31; 1Sam 23:2 (twice in verse) (ה locative — מִן); + לְפִי חֶרֶב Judg 20:48, etc.; of gods causing defeat 2Chr 28:23 smite land = conquer, subjugate, sometimes ravage, Gen 14:7; Josh 10:40 (D), 1Sam 27:9; Jer 43:11; Jer 46:13, compare Isa 14:6 (accusative of congnate meaning with verb); subject ׳י Num 32:4 (P); of ׳י smiting sea וְהִכָּה בַיָּם גַּלִּים Zech 10:11 (Bev^{JPhoenician xviii. 35 (1889), 88} proposes גבלים).

4. Of God,
a. smite with (ב) a plague, disease, etc.: — blindness Gen 19:11 (J), 2Kgs 6:18 (twice in verse) compare Zech 12:4 (twice in verse) (symbolic); of Egyptian plagues Exod 3:20; Exod 9:15 (both J), 1Sam 4:8, without ב Exod 7:25 (J), Exod 12:13 (P), Ps 136:10 (accusative + בִּבְכוֺרֵיהֶם); other plagues Num 14:12 (JE), Deut 28:22; Deut 28:27; Deut 28:28; Deut 28:35; 1Sam 5:6; 2Sam 24:17; Job 2:7; Amos 4:9; Hag 2:17; Mal 3:24 without ב, 1Sam 5:9; 2Kgs 19:35 = Isa 37:26; Num 11:33 (J E; בָּעָם + accusative of congnate meaning with verb); smite vines with (ב) blight Ps 105:33.
b. smite = chastise, or send judgment upon, usually with accusative, 1Kgs 14:15; 1Chr 21:7; Isa 5:25; Isa 9:12; Isa 27:7 (הַכְּמַכַּת מַכֵּהוּ הִכָּהוּ), Isa 30:31 (ב instrumental) Isa 57:17; Isa 60:10 (opposed to רִחַם) Jer 2:30; Jer 5:3; Jer 14:9; Ezek 32:15 (ᵐ5 Co זֵרָה scatter); with עִל punish for, (sin) Lev 26:24 (H).
c. of God's destroying palaces Amos 3:15; Amos 6:11 (2 accusative), compare Zech 9:4.

Hoph`al Perfect הֻכָּה Hos 9:16; Num 25:14, הוּכָּה Ps 102:5 וְהֻכָּה consecutive Exod 22:1 3 feminine singular הֻכְּתָה Ezek 33:21; Ezek 40:1 1 singular הֻכֵּ֫יתִי Zech 13:6 3 pluralהֻכּוּ 1Sam 5:12 Imperfect 3 masculine plural וַיֻּכּוּ Exod 5:14 2 masculine plural תֻּכּוּ Isa 1:5 Participle מֻכֶּה Num 25:14, construct מֻכֵּה Isa 53:4 feminine מֻכָּה Num 25:15; Num 25:18 plural מֻכִּים Exod 5:16, construct מֻכֵּיֿ Jer 18:21 — be smitten:

1. = receive a blow Isa 1:5 (Judah under figure of man).

2. be wounded Zech 13:6.

3. be beaten Exod 5:14; Exod 5:16 (J).

4. be (fatally) smitten + verb of dying Exod 22:1 (E); be killed, slain Num 25:14 (twice in verse); Num 25:15; Num 25:18 (with עַל, for), מֻכֵּיחֶֿרֶב Jer 18:21 (|| הֲרֻגֵי מָ֑וֶת); so also (absolute) probably 1Sam 4:2 (read וַיֻּכּוּ ᵐ5 ᵑ6 ᵑ9 Th Dr Klo Kit, for ᵑ0 וַיַּכּוּ).

5. be attacked and captured, of city Ezek 33:21; Ezek 40:1.

6. be smitten with disease (by God) 1Sam 5:12 absolute, of ׳י's servant Isa 53:4.

7. be blighted, of plant (in figurative) Hos 9:16 (Ehpraimitic source), Ps 102:5 (heart, כָּעֵשֶׂב; both + יָבַשׁ).

Strong's Definition H5221

smote, smite, slew, smitten, slain, …

nākâ

to strike (lightly or severely, literally or figuratively)

to strike, smite, hit, beat, slay, kill

(Niphal) to be stricken or smitten

to smite, strike, beat, scourge, clap, applaud, give a thrust

to receive a blow

Variations 140 forms of this word

Translations 204 English renderings

Search every verse

Word Parts

יְהוָה֙

Root word a name — transliterate it ("And the lord")

Dictionary form: יְהֹוָה · yeh-hoh-WAW

Vowels & Accents

Hebrew Alephbet

Grammar Np

Noun — Proper Name

יְהוָה

Speech Noun Type Proper Name

In English

In the KJV here: and the lord

the lord ×2811 of the lord ×1522 and the lord ×457 unto the lord ×342 o lord ×222 am the lord ×158 lord ×67 to the lord ×60

More options

the LORD — Standard modern Bible convention; small-caps signal the divine name.

YHWH — Preserves the Hebrew tetragrammaton; used in scholarly translations.

Yahweh — Reconstructed pronunciation; preferred in academic and some modern versions.

the Lord — General rendering when small-caps convention is unavailable.

God — Use only where context clearly equates YHWH with generic deity.

the Eternal — Captures timeless-existence nuance; used in some progressive translations.

Brown-Driver-Briggs (BDB)

BDB2100 H3068 H3069 H1961 H430 H589 H2022 H6635

יהוה_{c. 6823} i.e. יַהְוֶה proper name, of deity Yahweh, the proper name of the God of Israel — (

1. ᵑ0 יְהוָֺה^C518 (Qr אֲדֹנָי), or יֱהוִֺה₃₀₅ (Qr אֱלֹהִים), in the combinations אדני יהוה & יהוה אדני (see אֲדֹנֶי), and with preposition בַּיהוָֺה, לַיהוָֺה, מֵיהוָֺה (Qr בַּאדֹנָי, לַאדֹנָי, מֵאדֹנָי), do not give the original form. ᵐ5 and other Vrss follow the Qr. On the basis of Exod 20:7; Lev 24:11 יהוה was regarded as a nomen ineffabile (see Philo^{de Vita Mosis iii. 519, 529}), called by the Jews הַשֵּׁם and by the Samaritans שׁימא. The pronunciation Jehovah was unknown until 1520, when it was introduced by Galatinus; but it was contested by Le Mercier, J. Drusius, and L. Capellus, as against grammatical and historical propriety (compare Bö^{§ 88}). The traditional Ἰαβέ of Theodoret and Epiphanius, the יָֿהוּ, יְהוֺֿ of compound proper name and the contracted form יָהּ all favour יַהְוֶךְ (compare יַהֲלֹמ֑וּן Ps 74:6 תַּהֲרוּ Isa 33:11), see Lag^{Sym i.14} Baud^{Studien i.179 ff.}; Dr^{Stud.Bib.i.1 ff.} For Jeve see Sta^{ZAW 1881, 346} De^{ib.1882, 173 f. & Gn. Excurs. ii.}

2. on literature of interpretations see Nes^Eg.67 Dr^{l.c. — Many recent scholars explain} יַהְוֶה as Hiph`il of היה (=היה) the one bringing into being, life-giver (compare חַוָּה Gen 3:20) Schr HSch; giver of existence, creator, Kue Tiele; he who brings to pass (so already Le Clerc),performer of his promises, Lag, Nes^Eg.88 (but Nes^{Eg.91 inclines to Qal as} RS^{Brit. & For. Ev. Rev} see below); or from היה he who causes to fall, rain or lightning RS^{OTJC.ed.1, 423; om.ed.2, 245}, compare We^{Skizzen iii.175}; 'Fäller,' destroying foes, Sta^G.i.429 (dubiously). But most take it as Qal of הוה (= היה); the one who is: i.e. the absolute and unchangeable one, Ri; the existing, ever living, as self-consistent and unchangeable, Di; or the one ever coming into manifestation as the God of redemption, De Oehl; compare also RS^{Brit. & For. Ev. Rev. 1876}, he will be it, i.e all that his servants look for (compare Ew^infr), he will approve himself (give evidence of being, assert his being Dr^l.c.17)).

**Theories of non-Hebrew or non-Semitic origin, opposed (in their older forms) by Bau^{Rel. i. 181 ff. (see especially 230)}; Dl^{Pa 162 ff.} claimed Babylonian origin for יהו, against this Kue^{national Religions, etc., Note iv (Eng. Trans. 329 ff.)} Jastr^{JBL xiil {1894}, 103 f.} compare Hpt^{BAS i. 170 N}; Dl^{Babel u. Bibel, 46 f., 73 f.} makes same claim for יהוה, against this see especially Hirsch^{ZAW xxiil {1903}, 355 ff.} Zim^{KATS. 465 ff.}; Spiegelb^{ZMG:liii {1899}, 633 ff.} proposes (improbable) Egyptian etymology for יהוה; further discussions see in Kö^{EB NAMES, § 112 and n.3}. 'Jehovah' found in Jacob (? Johannes) Wessel († 1480), according to Schw^{ThLZ, 1905, col. 612}.

I. יהוה is not used by E in Genesis, but is given Exod 3:12-15 as the name of the God who revealed Himself to Moses at Horeb, and is explained thus : אֶהְיֶה עִמָּ֑ךְ I shall be with thee (Exod 3:12), which is then implied in אֶהְיֶה אֲשֶׁר אֶהְיֶה I shall be the one who will be it vExod 3:14a (i.e: with thee vExod 3:12) and then compressed into אֶהְיֶה vExod 3:14b (i.e. with thee vExod 3:12), which then is given in the nominal form יהוה He who will be it vExod 3:15 (i.e. with thee vExod 3:12). compare Ew^{BTh ii. 337, 338} RS^{l.c., Proph. 385 ff.} Other interpretations are: I am he who I am, i.e. it is no concern of yours (Le Clerc Lag^{Psalt.Hieron.156}); I am (this is my name), inasmuch as I am (אֲשֶׁר = כִּי; AE JDMich We^JD Th xxi, 540 = compare Hexateuch 72); Di and others I am who I am, he who is essentially unnameable, inexplicable, — E uses יהוה sparingly by the side of אלהים and האלהים in his subsequent narrative. The Ephraimitic writers in Judges Samuel Kings use it in similar proportions. P abstains from the use of יהוה until he gives an account of its revelation to Moses Exod 6:3 but subsequently uses it freely. He gives no explanation of its meaning. He represents that אֵל שַׁדַּי was the God of the patriarchs. J uses יהוה from the beginning of his narrative, possibly explaining it, Gen 21:83 by אל עולם, the evergreen tamarisk being a symbol of the ever-living God; compare De Gen 21:33. Elsewhere יהוה is the common divine name in pre-exilic writers, but in post-exilic writers gradually falls into disuse, and is supplanted by אלהים and אדני. In Job it is used 31 t. in prose parts, and Job 12:9 (a proverb); not elsewhere in the poem. Chronicles apart from his sources prefers אלהים and האלהים. Daniel uses יהוה only in chap. 9 (7 t.); Ecclesiastes not at all. In the Elohistic group of Psalm 42-83 it is used 39 t. (see אלהים) . It occurs as the name of Israel's God MI¹⁸. It is doubtful whether it was used by other branches of the Shemitic family, compare COT Gen 2:4b Dl^{Pa 158 ff.} Dr^{Stud. Bib. i. 7 ff}.

II. 1. יהוה is used with אלהים and suffixes, especially in D;
a. with אֱלֹהֶיךָ in the Ten Words Exod 20:2-12 (5 t.) = Deut 5:6-16 in the law of worship of J E, Exod 23:19; Exod 34:24; Exod 34:26 in D 234 t.; Josh 1:9; Josh 1:17; Josh 9:9; Josh 9:24 (D²); elsewhere Gen 27:20; Exod 15:26 (JE), Judg 6:26 Samuel & Kings 20 t.; 1Chr 11:2; 1Chr 22:11; 1Chr 22:12; 2Chr 9:8 (twice in verse); 2Chr 16:7; Isa 7:11; Isa 37:4 (twice in verse); Isa 41:13; Isa 43:3; Isa 51:15; Isa 55:5; Jer 40:2 + (3t.); Hos 12:10; Hos 13:4; Hos 14:2; Amos 9:15; Ps 81:11.
b. with אֱלֹהֵיכֶם in D 46 t.; D² 28 t.; H 15 t.; P 15 t.; elsewhere Exod 23:25 (E); Exod 8:24; Exod 10:8; Exod 10:16; Exod 10:17 (JE); Judg 6:10; 1Sam 12:12; 1Sam 12:14; 2Kgs 17:39; 2Kgs 23:21; 1Chr 22:18 + (10 t. Chronicles) Ps 76:12; Jer 13:16 + (5 t.) Ezek 20:5; Ezek 20:7; Ezek 20:19; Ezek 20:20; Joel 2:13 + (6 t.) Zech 6:15.
c. with אֱלֹהֵינוּ in D 23 t.; in D² 5 t.; Exod 8:6 (JE) Exod 3:18; Exod 5:3; Exod 8:22; Exod 8:23; Exod 10:25; Exod 10:26 (E) Judg 11:24; 1Sam 7:8; 1Kgs 8:57; 1Kgs 8:59; 1Kgs 8:61; 1Kgs 8:65; 2Kgs 18:22; 2Kgs 19:10 = Isa 36:7; Isa 37:20; 1Chr 13:2 + (15 t. Chronicles) Mic 4:5; Mic 7:17; Isa 26:13; Jer 3:22 + (17 t.) Ps 20:8; Ps 90:17 (?;Baer אֲדנָֹי); Ps 94:23; Ps 99:5; Ps 99:8; Ps 99:9 (twice in verse); Ps 105:7; Ps 106:47; Ps 113:5; Ps 122:9; Ps 123:2; Dan 9:10; Dan 9:13; Dan 9:14.
d. with אֱלֹהֵיהֶם Exod 10:7 (J) Exod 29:46 (twice in verse); Lev 26:44 (P) Judg 3:7; Judg 8:34; 1Sam 12:9; 1Kgs 9:9; 2Kgs 17:7; 2Kgs 17:9; 2Kgs 17:14; 2Kgs 17:16; 2Kgs 17:19; 2Kgs 18:12; 2Chr 31:6; 2Chr 33:17; 2Chr 34:33; Neh 9:3 (twice in verse); Neh 9:4; Jer 3:21; Jer 22:9; Jer 30:9; Jer 43:1 (twice in verse); Jer 50:4; Ezek 28:26; Ezek 34:30; Ezek 39:22; Ezek 39:28; Hos 1:7; Hos 3:5; Hos 7:10; Zeph 2:7; Hag 1:12 (twice in verse); Zech 9:16; Zech 10:6.
e. with אֱלֹהָיו Num 23:21 (E) Exod 32:11 (J) Lev 4:22 (P) Deut 17:19; Deut 18:7; 1Sam 30:6; 1Kgs 5:17; 1Kgs 11:4; 1Kgs 15:3; 1Kgs 15:4; 1Kgs 2:11; 1Kgs 16:2; 1Kgs 2:1 + 13 t. Chronicles; Mic 5:3; Jer 7:28; Ps 33:12; Ps 144:15; Ps 146:5; Jonah 2:2. feminine with אֱלֹהַי Num 22:18 (JE) Deut 4:5; Deut 18:16; Deut 26:14; Josh 14:8; Josh 14:9; 2Sam 24:24; 1Kgs 3:7; 1Kgs 5:18; 1Kgs 5:19; 1Kgs 8:28; 1Kgs 17:20; 1Kgs 17:21; 1Chr 21:17; 1Chr 22:7; 2Chr 2:3; 2Chr 6:19; 2Chr 9:5; Ps 7:2; Ps 7:4; Ps 13:4; Ps 18:29; Ps 30:3; Ps 30:13; Ps 35:24; Ps 40:6; Ps 104:1; Ps 109:26; Isa 25:1; Jer 31:18; Dan 9:4; Dan 9:20; Jonah 2:7; Hab 1:12; Zech 11:4; Zech 13:9; Zech 14:5.
g. with אֱלֹהַיִךְ Isa 60:9; Jer 2:17; Jer 2:19; Jer 3:13; Mic 7:10; Zeph 3:17.
h. with אלהים, probably always due to later editors, or to a Qr which has crept into the text Gen 2:4b — Gen 3:23 (J, 20 t. either אלהים inserted by R^P as Di De; or יהוה inserted by J in an older source); Exod 9:30 (J, but not in ᵐ5 ⅏; Samaritan אדני יהוה; possibly ᵑ0 from earlier Qr, & ⅏ from later Qr); 2Sam 7:22; 2Sam 7:25 (ᵐ5 אדני יהוה and 1Chr 17:20-23 only יהוה); 1Chr 17:16; 1Chr 17:17 (but 2Sam 7:18; 2Sam 7:19 אדני יהוה) 1Chr 28:20; 1Chr 29:1; 2Chr 1:9; 2Chr 6:41 (twice in verse); 2Chr 6:42; 2Chr 26:18 (but in the original Ps 132:8 stood יהוה (so ℌ), or else no divine name); Ps 72:18 (the late doxology) Ps 84:12 (but it makes the line too long); Jonah 4:6. For the combinations with other divine names see those names.

2. the phrase אֲנִי יהוה is noteworthy: —
a. after אמר either alone Exod 6:2; Exod 6:29 (P) or before relative and other clauses: Gen 28:13 (J) Gen 15:7 (R) Exod 6:6 (P) with אלהיכם Judg 6:10; Ezek 20:5.
b. after ידע כי (α) Exod 7:17; Exod 8:18; Exod 10:2 (J); Exod 7:5; Exod 14:4; Exod 14:18 (P); 1Kgs 20:13; 1Kgs 20:28; Jer 24:7; Ezek 6:7 + 48 t. Ezekiel; (β) with אלהיכם Exod 6:7; Exod 16:12; Deut 29:5 (P) Exod 20:20; Joel 4:17 (γ) with אלהיהם Exod 29:46 (P) Ezek 28:26; Ezek 34:30; Ezek 39:22; Ezek 39:28 (δ) before relative and other clauses Isa 45:3; Isa 49:23; Isa 49:26; Isa 60:16; Ezek 7:9; Ezek 17:24; Ezek 21:10; Ezek 22:22; Ezek 35:12; Ezek 36:36 (ε) with various forms of קדשׁ Exod 31:13 (P) Ezek 20:12; Ezek 37:28; Ezek 39:7 (ζ) with דברתי Ezek 5:13; Ezek 17:21, compare ׳יֵדְעוּ אשׁר אני י Ezek 20:26.
c. after כִּי in various combinations Lev 11:44; Lev 11:45; Num 35:34 (P), Lev 20:7; Lev 20:26; Lev 21:8; Lev 21:15; Lev 21:23; Lev 22:16; Lev 24:22; Lev 25:17; Lev 26:1; Lev 26:44 (all H); Exod 15:26 (R) Isa 41:13; Isa 43:3; Isa 61:8; Jer 9:23; Ezek 12:25; Ezek 21:4; Zech 10:6; Mal 3:6.
d. emphatic Exod 6:8; Exod 12:12; Lev 26:2; Lev 26:45; Num 3:13; Num 3:41; Num 3:45 (all P); Lev 18:5; Lev 18:6; Lev 18:21; Lev 19:12; Lev 19:14; Lev 19:16; Lev 19:18; Lev 19:28; Lev 19:30; Lev 19:32; Lev 19:37; Lev 21:12; Lev 22:2; Lev 22:3; Lev 22:8; Lev 22:30; Lev 22:31; Lev 22:33 (all H) Isa 43:15 with אלהיהם Exod 29:46 with אלהיךָ Isa 48:17 with אלהיכם Lev 23:43; Lev 25:38; Lev 25:55; Num 10:10; Num 15:41 (twice in verse) (P) Lev 18:2; Lev 18:4; Lev 18:30; Lev 19:2; Lev 19:3; Lev 19:4; Lev 19:10; Lev 19:25; Lev 19:31; Lev 19:34; Lev 19:36; Lev 20:24; Lev 23:22; Lev 26:13 (all H) Ezek 20:7; Ezek 20:19; Joel 2:27 with מְקַדֵּשׁ Lev 20:8; Lev 22:9; Lev 22:32 (H), with דברתי Num 14:35 (P) Ezek 5:15 + (11 t. Ezekiel); with clauses Isa 27:3; Isa 41:4; Isa 41:17; Isa 42:6; Isa 42:8; Isa 45:5; Isa 45:6; Isa 45:7; Isa 45:8; Isa 45:18; Isa 45:19; Isa 45:21; Isa 60:22; Jer 17:10; Jer 32:27; Ezek 14:4; Ezek 14:7; Ezek 14:9; Ezek 34:24 אָנֹכִי יהוה is used in the Ten Words Exod 20:2; Exod 20:5 = Deut 5:6; Deut 5:9 cited Ps 81:11; Hos 12:10; Hos 13:4 elsewhere only Exod 4:11 (J) Isa 43:11; Isa 44:24; Isa 51:15.

3. יהוה is also used with several predicates, to form sacred names of holy places of Yahweh יהוה יראה Gen 22:14 (J); יהוה נסי Exod 17:15 (E) יהוה שׁלים Judg 6:24 יהוה צדקנו Jer 33:16 (compare Jer 23:6 where it is applied to the Messiah); יהוה שָׁ֑מָּה Ezek 48:35. — On combinations such as ׳הַר י, צְבָאוֺת ׳י etc., see הַר, צָבָא, etc.

Note. — Bonk^{ZAW 1891, 126 ff.} seems to shew that as prefix, in compare proper name, יְהוֺ is the oldest and the latest form and that יוֺ is intermediate, belonging to the earlier post-exilic period until the time of Chronicles; occasional copyists' mistakes being taken into the account.

BDB3475 H3068

׳יְהוֺ proper name compounded with, see below יהוה above.

BDB3483 H3068 H3069

יהוה proper name, of deity, see below הוה.

BDB3489 H3068 H3097

׳יו = ׳יְהוֺ proper name compounded with, see below יהוה above: — namely יוֺאָב, יוֺאָח, יוֺאָחָז, יוֺאֵל, יוֺאָשׁ, יוֺיָכִין, יוֺיָקִים, יוֺיָרִיב, יוֺעֵד, יוֺעָשׁ, יוֺקִים, יוֺרָם, יוֺתָם, etc.

Strong's Definition H3068

lord, lords, god, jehovah, jehovah-jireh, …

yĕhōwâ

the existing One

(the) self-Existent or Eternal; Jeho-vah, Jewish national name of God

the proper name of the one true God

unpronounced except with the vowel pointings of H0136

Variations 44 forms of this word

Translations 243 English renderings

Yahweh Creator

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Word Parts

בָּ עָ֔ם

בָּ

Prefix — preposition in, at, by, with + "the" (the article is absorbed into the prefix)

עָ֔ם

Root word people, nations, nation, peoples, folk, …

Dictionary form: עַם · am

Vowels & Accents

בָּ

Hidden "the" בָּ = the preposition + the article הַ squeezed together: the "a" vowel under the prefix is the swallowed "the". Translate "in the ___".

Hebrew Alephbet

Grammar Rd/Ncmsa

Noun — Common, masculine singular, absolute state

בָּ	Speech Preposition Type Definite Article
עָם	Speech Noun Type Common Gender Masculine Number Singular State Absolute

In English

In the KJV here: the people

the people ×572 people ×220 of the people ×150 my people ×113 and the people ×110 his people ×78 thy people ×58 of my people ×50

More options

people — Most versatile rendering; fits collective and singular contexts.

nation — Emphasizes ethnic or political identity as a unified group.

community — Highlights shared belonging; good for social or covenant contexts.

population — Neutral, demographic tone; useful for census or mass-movement passages.

folk — Informal, grassroots feel; suits ordinary or rural settings.

crowd — Best for gathered assemblies rather than an ongoing social group.

Brown-Driver-Briggs (BDB)

BDB6144 H5971 H5993

I. עַם, עָם₁₈₄₀ noun masculine^{Gen 11:6} (see below) people (Late Hebrew id., plebeian, common man; ᵑ7 עַמָּא people, plural peoples, tribes, etc.; Syriac ; Arabic see above; original meaning probably those united, connected, related, compare We^{GGN 1893, 480}); — absolute עַם Gen 11:6 +, עָם Judg 9:36 +, הָעָם Josh 8:11 +; construct עַם Num 21:29 +; suffix עַמִּי Exod 3:7 +, עַמְּךָ Exod 22:27 +, etc.; plural עַמִּים Isa 2:3 +, עֲמָמִים (compare Biblical Aramaic) Neh 9:22 construct עַמֵּי 1Kgs 8:43 +, עַמְמֵי Neh 9:24 plural with suffix see II. עַם; — (Thes cites following as feminine וְחָטָאת עַמֶּ֑ךָ Exod 5:16 [but corrupt and unintellig.; read perhaps ׳וְחַטָאתָ לְע, so ᵐ5 ᵑ6 Di]; Judg 18:7 [but ישֶׁבֶת must agree with lost word city, or the like, see GFM]; Jer 8:5 [but read שׁוֺבַב for שׁוֺבְבָה Gie]); —

1. a people, nation (sometimes || גּוֺי), collective noun (singular Exod 21:8; Josh 17:14; Josh 17:15; Josh 17:17; 2Sam 17:29 + often, or plural Exod 20:15; Exod 24:2; Jer 5:31 + often, or both in same clause Exod 1:20; 2Sam 13:24): עַם אֶחָד = all mankind Gen 11:6 (J); peoples in general Gen 27:29 (J; || לְאֻמִּים), Exod 19:5 (E), Deut 2:25; Deut 4:6 + often Deuteronomy; Neh 13:24 + often; קְהַל עַמִּים Gen 28:3 (P) an assembly (multitude) of peoples, Gen 48:4 (P), Ezek 23:24; Ezek 32:3 (+ רַבִּים); one's own people Jer 46:16; Ps 45:11; Ruth 1:10; Ruth 1:15; Ruth 1:16 (twice in verse) + (on עַמִּי נָדִיב Song 6:12 see especially Bu); particular peoples, Egypt Gen 41:40 (E), Exod 1:22 (E), Neh 9:10 +; עַםאֲֿרָם Amos 1:5 עַםכְּֿמוֺשׁ (i.e. Moab) Num 21:29 (JE), Jer 48:46 but especially Israel Exod 1:20 (E) + often; ׳עַםבְּֿנֵי יִשׂ vExod 1:9 (J); called יהוה ׳ע Num 11:29 (E), 1Sam 2:24 +, and (by ׳י) עַמִּי Exod 3:7; Exod 5:1 (J) + often (all periods); קְהַל עַםהָֿאֱלֹהִים Judg 20:2, עַםהַֿקָּהָל Lev 16:33 (P), קְהַל עָם Ps 107:32 especially הָעָם הַזֶּה (often in contempt or disgust) Num 11:1; Num 11:12; Num 11:13 +; figurative of ants Prov 30:25, the shaphan vProv 30:26, locusts Joel 2:2, compare לְעַם לְצִיִּים Ps 74:14 (where read לְעַם צִיִּים Hup-Now). — On Judg 1:16 see עֲמָלֵקִי.

2. = smaller units, e.g.
a. inhabitants of a city Gen 19:4 (J), 1Sam 9:12; 1Sam 9:13; Jer 29:16; Jer 29:25; 2Chr 31:4 + (Jer 8:5 strike out ׳יְרוּוּשׁ ᵐ5 Gie Co Rothst).
b. inhabitants of a locality Jer 37:12 [apparently not = tribe, Deut 33:3 read עַמּוֺ ᵐ5 Di Dr, Hos 10:14; Judg 5:8; Judg 5:14 read בְּעָרֶיךָ We Now; see below ד].
c. retainers, followers Gen 14:16; Gen 32:8; Gen 33:15; Gen 35:6; Judg 3:18; Judg 8:5; 2Sam 15:17; Jer 41:13; Jer 41:14 +.
d. people bearing arms 1Sam 11:11; 1Kgs 20:10 +; כָּבֵד ׳ע Num 20:20 (JE), i.e. a powerful force; עַם הַצָּבָא Num 31:32 (P), הַמִּלְחָמָה ׳ע Josh 8:1; Josh 8:3; Josh 8:11; Josh 10:7; Josh 11:7 (all J E); so probably Judg 5:8 a (fighting) band; perhaps also vJudg 5:14 (read singular ? see GFM Bu).

3. = common people Jer 21:7; Jer 22:4; Lev 4:27 (opposed to ruler vLev 4:22), Neh 5:1 (opposed to יְהוּדִים), Neh 7:5 (opposed to rulers).

4. people in general, persons Gen 50:20 (E), so apparently ׳כָּלהָֿעָם אֲשֶׁר וגו Exod 33:16 (J), Num 11:34 (J), Josh 5:5 (twice in verse) (D), Judg 9:36 (as singular), vJudg 9:37 (as plural), Jer 36:9 persons labouring 1Kgs 9:23 superior persons Job 12:2 (iron.); עַם עוֺלָם Ezek 26:30 people of long ago (now in Sh®°ôl).

5. phrases are:
a. (עַמָּהּ, עַמִּי, עַמְּךָ) בְּנֵי עַמּוֺ members of one's people, compatriots, fellow-countrymen, etc. Num 22:5 (E), Gen 23:11 (P) Lev 19:18 (H), Judg 14:16; Judg 14:17; Ezek 33:2; Ezek 33:12 +.
b. בְּנֵי הָעָם = common people (see 3) 2Kgs 23:6; Jer 26:23 +; people in general שַׁעַר בְּנֵי הָעָם Jer 17:19 i.e. public gate 2Chr 35:5; 2Chr 35:12.
c. עַם הָאָרֶץ the people at large, as a body 2Kgs 11:14; 2Kgs 11:18; 2Kgs 11:19; 2Kgs 11:20; 2Kgs 15:5; 2Kgs 16:15; 2Kgs 21:24 (twice in verse) +, Jer 37:2; Jer 44:21; Lev 20:2 (H), Gen 23:7; Gen 23:12; Gen 23:13 (P); common people Jer 34:19, compare ׳הא ׳דַּלַּת ע 2Kgs 24:14 distinguished from prince Ezek 45:22; Ezek 46:3; Ezek 46:9, from priests Hag 2:4; Zech 7:5 = Canaanites Num 14:9 (JE), compare עַמֵּי הָאָרֶץ 1Chr 5:25 mixed post-exile population Ezra 4:4.
d. עַמֵּי הָאָרֶץ usually peoples of the earth Josh 4:24 (D), 2Chr 32:19 +; of heathen peoples about and in Palestine after exile Ezra 10:2; Ezra 10:11 traders Neh 10:31 עַמֵּי הָאֲרָצוֺת Neh 9:30; Neh 10:29; 2Chr 32:13.
e. מִשְׁפְּחוֺת עַמִּים Ps 96:7 = 1Chr 16:28 (compare Ps 22:28). feminine בַּתעַֿמִּי = people personified Isa 22:4; Jer 4:11 + 7 t. Jeremiah + Jer 6:14 (van d. H.; omit בַּת Baer Gi), Lam 2:11; Lam 3:48; Lam 4:3; Lam 4:6; Lam 4:10 בְּתוּלַת בַּתעַֿמִּי Jer 14:17.
g. designations of Israel are: עַםקָֿרוֺשׁ Deut 7:6 + 3 t., קְדוֺשִׁים ׳ע Dan 8:24, (ה)קֹדֶשׁ ׳ע Isa 62:12; Isa 63:18; Dan 12:7 סְגֻלָּה ׳ע Deut 7:6; Deut 14:2; Deut 26:18.
h. of foreign (non-Israel) peoples: ׳ע נָכְרִי Exod 21:8 (E), אַחֵר ׳ע Deut 28:32, and especially from language, עִמְקֵי שָׂפָה ׳ע Ezek 3:5 compare vEzek 3:6, כִּלְשׁוֺן עַם וָעָם Neh 13:24 compare Esth 1:22 (twice in verse); Esth 3:12, לֹעֵג ׳ע Ps 114:1.
i. עַם עֶבְרָתִי Isa 10:6, חֶרְמִי ׳ע Isa 34:11, מִֿבְחָרָיו׳ע Dan 11:15, עַמֵּי תּוֺעֵבוֺת הָאֵלֶּה Ezra 9:14 לֹא עַם בִּינוֺת Isa 27:11. — For עַםעֿוֺלָם Isa 44:7 read (אֹתִיּוֺת) (מִי הִשְׁמִי)עַ מֵעוֺלָם Oort Du Kit Che^Hpt compare Perles^{Anal. 40, 64}.

BDB6147 H5971

II. [עַם] noun [masculine] kinsman

**later development of I. עַם RS^{K 58; 2nd ed. 72}. (on father's side) (Arabic paternal uncle, etc., see I. עמם; compare perhaps Tel Amarna ammu, kinsmen (?); on Nabataean עם ancestor compare Lzb^{151, 499}; see also especially Nes^{Eg 187, ZAW xvi (1896), 322f.} Krenkel^{ib. viii (1888), 280-84}); — suffix עַמִּי in בֶּןעַֿמִּי (q. v.), and proper name following; elsewhere plural suffix עַמֶּיךָ Num 27:13; Num 31:2 (Lev 19:16 read עַמְּךָ ᵐ5 ⅏), + (possibly) עֲמָָמֶיךָ Judg 5:14 עַמָּיו Gen 25:8 + 15 t., עַמֶּיהָ Gen 17:14 + 3 t.; read עַמֶּי (for ᵑ0 עַמִּי, I. עַם; compare Krenkel^{l.c. 281}) Gen 49:29 and perhaps Judg 14:3 (compare Lev 21:14); according to Buhl Kit also 2Kgs 4:13 — father's kinsmen: וַיֵּאָסֵף אֶלעַֿמָּיו Gen 25:8 (of joining kinsmen in Sh®°ôl), so vGen 25:17; Gen 35:29; Gen 49:33; Num 20:24; Deut 32:50, compare Gen 49:29 (see above), Num 27:13; Num 31:2; Deut 32:50 (all P); וְנִכְרְתָה הַנֶּפֶשׁ מֵעַמֶּיהָ Gen 17:4 (severed from living kinsmen), so Lev 7:20; Lev 7:21; Lev 7:23; Lev 7:27; Lev 19:8; Lev 23:29; Num 9:13, מִקֶּרֶב עַמֶּיהָ Exod 31:14, compare Exod 30:33; Exod 30:38; Lev 17:9 (all PH); מֵעַמָּיו יִקַּח אִשָּׁה Lev 21:14 (H), and perhaps Judg 14:3 (simile I. עַם: [םָ֯, הָּ֯] מִקֶּרֶב עַמּוֺ Lev 17:4; Lev 17:10; Lev 18:29+); other combinations Judg 5:14 (si vera lectio read perhaps בְּעַמֶּ֑ךָ, see I. עַם 2 d ), Lev 21:1; Lev 21:4; Lev 21:15 (H), Ezek 18:18 and (perhaps) 2Kgs 4:13. — בֶּןעַֿמִּי perhaps = son of my kinsman; on proper name with עַם see Gray^{Prop. N. 41 ff}.

BDB9776 H5971 H5972

עַם noun masculine^{Ezra 6:12} people (see Biblical Hebrew I. עמם, עַם); — ׳ע absolute Dan 2:44; Dan 3:29; Ezra 6:12, construct Dan 7:27 emphatic עַמָּה Ezra 5:12, עַמָּא Ezra 7:13; Ezra 7:16; Ezra 7:25 plural emphatic עַמֲמַיָּא (K^{§§ 15d}); 55, 5 a)) Dan 3:4; Dan 3:7 (twice in verse); Dan 3:31; Dan 5:19; Dan 6:26; Dan 7:14.

Strong's Definition H5971

people, nations, nation, peoples, folk, …

ʿam

a people (as a congregated unit); specifically, a tribe (as those of Israel); hence (collectively) troops or attendants; figuratively, a flock

nation, people

people, nation

Variations 124 forms of this word

Translations 234 English renderings

People's Gate A gate in Jerusalem mentioned by Jeremiah

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Word Parts

מַכָּ֖ה

Root word slaughter, plagues, wound, wounds, stripes, …

Dictionary form: מַכָּה · mahk-KAW

Vowels & Accents

Hebrew Alephbet

Grammar Ncfsa

Noun — Common, feminine singular, absolute state

מַכָּה

Speech Noun Type Common Gender Feminine Number Singular State Absolute

In English

In the KJV here: plague

slaughter ×13 the wounds ×3 plague ×2 the plagues ×2 the plagues thereof ×2 and my wound ×1 and thy wound ×1 and wounds ×1

More options

wound — Best for injury to a person's body.

plague — Best for divine judgment or epidemic contexts.

blow — Emphasizes the striking action; vivid and physical.

strike — Active, forceful; suits a single decisive hit.

beating — Good for punishment by flogging or repeated blows.

disaster — Broad; suits large-scale calamity or military defeat.

Brown-Driver-Briggs (BDB)

BDB5196 H4347

מַכָּה noun feminine blow, wound, slaughter; — absolute ׳מ 1Sam 4:8 +; construct מַכַּת Isa 10:26 +; suffix מַכָּתִי Jer 10:19; Jer 15:18, etc.;

**plural מַכִּי֥֥ 2Kgs 8:29 = 2Kgs 9:15 = 2Chr 22:6 מַכּוֺת absolute Zech 13:6 +, construct,' etc.; plural מַכּוֺת absolute 2Kgs 8:29 +; construct Deut 29:21 +; suffix מַכֹּתְךָ Deut 28:59, מַכּוֺתַיִךְ Jer 30:17, etc.; —

1. a. blow, stripe, literally of scourging, chastising Deut 25:3; Prov 20:30 (|| חַבֻּרוֺת פֶּצַע); מַכַּת חֶרֶב Esth 9:5 (as accusative of congnate meaning with verb).
b. beating, scourging, figurative of defeat of Midian Isa 10:26 (|| עוֺרֵר שׁוֺט).
c. often wound 1Kgs 22:35; 2Kgs 8:29; 2Kgs 9:15 = 2Chr 22:6 (read ׳מִןהַֿמּ), Zech 13:6 (בֵּין יָדֶיךָ); symbolic of violence Jer 6:7 (+ חֳלִי); פֶּצַע וְחַבּוּרָה וּמַכָּה טְרִיָּה Isa 1:6 (of Judah, under figure of maltreated man), compare Mic 1:9 אֲנוּשָׁה׳מ), Nah 3:19 (|| שֶׁבֶר; of Nineveh), especially in Jeremiah (of Judah): Jer 10:19; Jer 14:17; Jer 30:12 (all + נַחֲלָה severe; || שֶׁבֶר), Jer 15:18 (אֲנוּשָׁה ׳מ), Jer 19:8; Jer 47:17; Jer 50:13, as accusative of congnate meaning with verb Jer 30:14, with verb רָפָא heal vJer 30:17 also ׳מַחַץ מ Isa 30:26 (|| שֶׁבֶר); of wounds made by ׳י's arrows Ps 64:8.

2. = slaughter 1Sam 4:10; 1Sam 14:30, usually as accusative of congnate meaning with verb with הִכָּה Josh 10:20; 1Sam 6:19; 1Sam 14:14; 1Sam 19:8; 1Sam 23:5; 1Kgs 20:21; 2Chr 13:17.

3. = defeat, as accusative of congnate meaning with verb with הִכָּה Josh 10:10; Josh 11:33; Josh 15:8; 2Chr 28:5 = conquest (of ׳י) Isa 14:6.

4. plague, especially disease, as punishment (of ׳י), 1Sam 4:8; Deut 28:59 (3 t. in verse) (|| חֳלִי), vDeut 28:61 (|| id.), Deut 29:21 (|| תַּחֲלֻאִים), Lev 26:21 (H), as accusative of congnate meaning with verb Num 11:33. — מַכּוֺת 2Chr 2:9 read מַכֹּלֶת (see אכל) as || 1Kgs 5:25, so ᵐ5 ᵑ9 Be Öttli and Th^{1Kgs 5:25}.

Strong's Definition H4347

slaughter, plagues, wound, wounds, stripes, …

makkâ

a blow (in 2 Chronicles 2:10, of the flail); by implication, a wound; figuratively, carnage, also pestilence

blow, wound, slaughter

blow, stripe

Variations 24 forms of this word

Translations 31 English renderings

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Word Parts

רַבָּ֥ה

Root word many, great, much, captain, more, …

Dictionary form: רַב · rahb

Vowels & Accents

Hebrew Alephbet

Grammar Aafsa

Adjective — feminine singular, absolute state

רַבָּה

Speech Adjective Type Adjective Gender Feminine Number Singular State Absolute

In English

In the KJV here: great

many ×82 great ×25 and many ×23 much ×16 of many ×16 the captain ×15 is great ×9 a great ×7

More options

many — Best default for plural/numerical contexts.

great — Prefer for intensity, size, or importance.

much — Use with uncountable or mass nouns.

abundant — Highlights surplus or overflow; slightly elevated register.

numerous — More formal synonym for 'many'; suits lists or armies.

chief — Use when רַב functions as a title or rank.

Brown-Driver-Briggs (BDB)

BDB7691 H7227

I. רַב₄₂₉ adjective much, many, great; — masculine singular absolute ׳ר Gen 24:25+, רָ֑ב Gen 33:9+, also רָ֛ב 2Chr 20:2 ב֖ 2Chr 28:8, רָב֨ Ezra 10:13, etc.; construct תַב Exod 34:6 +; feminine singular רַבָּה Num 11:33 +; construct רַבַּת Ezek 22:5 + רַבָּ֫תִי (Ges^{§90 k 1}) Lam 1:1 (twice in verse); masculine plural absolute רַבִּים Exod 23:2 (twice in verse)+, construct see II. רַב; feminine plural absolute רַבּוֺת Gen 30:43 +; — [often both as predicate and as attributive; as attributive preceding noun (influence of usage for numerals ? Kö^{Synt.§334 k} Ges^{«GKC:132b»§ 132b}): רַב Isa 63:7; Ps 145:7 (but read probably רֹב, רָבֿ; in Isa 21:7 ׳ר is predicate), רַבּים Jer 16:16; Ps 32:10; Ps 89:51 (on context Bö^NÄ Bae, also Hup), Prov 7:26; 1Chr 28:5, רַבּוֺת Neh 9:28; Prov 31:29]; —

1. (often opposed to מְעַט)
a. (1)much: of substances, gold 1Kgs 10:2; Ps 19:11, silver (money) 2Kgs 12:11; 2Chr 24:11, bronze 1Chr 18:8, wine Esth 1:7 of other quantities, e.g.spoil 2Sam 3:22, property 2Chr 32:29, seed Deut 28:38, etc.; רַב שֶׁיִּהְיוּ EC Deut 6:3b be it much that his days amount to; (2) especially of collectives, numerous, עַםרַֿב Josh 11:4; 2Sam 13:34 עֲבֻדָּה רַבָּךְ Gen 26:14; Job 1:3, מִקְנֶה רַב Deut 3:19+,etc.
b. plural many: person Exod 5:5; Judg 8:30; Judg 9:40; 1Kgs 4:20; 1Kgs 11:1+, things Gen 30:48; Amos 5:12; Deut 31:17 +; noun omitted רַבּוֺת Dan 11:41 (that is, lands; read רִבּוֺת myriads Kmp Bev Behrm Marti Prince); יָמִים רֵבִּים many days (a long time) Gen 21:34; Gen 37:24+28 t.,שָׁנִים רַבּוֺת Neh 9:30; Eccl 6:3a, אִם עוֺר רַבּוֺת בַּשָּׁנִים Lev 25:51 רַבּוֺת עִתִּים Neh 9:28 many times (see above) =פְּעָמִים רַבּוֺת Ps 106:43; Eccl 7:22 מַכָּה רַבָּה Deut 25:3 many blows; מַיִם רִַ׃בּים many waters Num 20:11+27 t., compare Isa 8:7 etc.
c. רַב as substantive collective person Exod 19:21, also (opposed to מְעַט)1Sam 14:6; Num 13:18; Num 26:54; Num 26:56; Num 33:54; Num 35:8 so רַבַּת (Ges^{«GKC:130a»§ 130a}) 2Chr 30:17; 2Chr 30:18, and (thing; =much) Ezek 24:12 רַב construct before abstract (= רֹב) Isa 21:7; Isa 63:7; Ps 145:7 especially plural רַבִּים of person Exod 23:2 (twice in verse) +37 t. + בַּתרַֿבִּים Song 7:5.
d. construct= abounding in, רַבבְּֿרֶכוֺת Prov 28:20, רַבחֶֿסֶר (see I. חֶסֶד 3), רַבפֹּֿךְַ Ps 147:5, רַבמְֿאֵרוֺת Prov 28:27, רַב הַמְּהוּמָה Ezek 22:5, רַבנֿוֺצָךְ Ezek 17:7, רַבחֶֿעֲלִיָּה Jer 32:19, רֵבפְּֿעֶלִים 2Sam 23:20= 1Chr 11:22, רַבפָּֿ֑שַׁע Prov 29:22 רַבתְּֿבוּנָה Prov 14:29 רַבַּת אוֺצָרֹת Jer 51:13, רַבַּת בָּנִים 1Sam 2:5 רַבָּ֫תִי עָם Lam 1:1 (Ges^{«GKC:90l»§ 90l}).
e. + מִן compare= more numerous than Exod 1:9; Num 22:15; Josh 10:11; Judg 16:30; 2Kgs 6:16; Isa 54:1; 1Chr 24:4; 2Chr 32:7; Dan 11:13 followed by infinitive, too many to Gen 36:7; Judg 7:2 (compare vJudg 7:4); see also following feminine רַב =abundant, enough Gen 24:25; Gen 33:9 as exclamation enough! Gen 45:28; 2Sam 24:16; 1Chr 21:15; 1Kgs 19:4, so (+ מִן infinitive) Exod 9:28 (מִן 6 d); רַבלָֿךְ (with implication of excess) Deut 3:26 (let it) suffice thee! so רַבלָֿכֶם Ezek 45:9, also Num 16:3; Num 16:7= ye assume too much ! + infinitive it is enough for you to Deut 1:6; Deut 2:3 (i.e. you have done it enough), so+ מִן infinitive 1Kgs 12:23, מִן substantive Ezek 44:6.
g. as adverb much, exceedingly (only Psalms), רַב Ps 123:3, ָרב Ps 18:15 (Hup De Che and others; HPS^{2Sam 22:15} conjectures רָמָה omits || 2Sam 22:15); רַבָּה Ps 62:3; Ps 78:15; Ps 89:8 (ᵐ5. Bae רַב הוּא ); רַבַּת (Aramaism, compare Syriac , , Nö^{§ 155} A&W^{SG 135}) Ps 65:10; Ps 120:6 (=long enough), Ps 123:4; Ps 129:1; Ps 129:2

2. less often great:
a. of space 1Sam 26:13, the deep Amos 7:4; Gen 7:11; Isa 51:10; Ps 36:7(figurative), city Lam 1:1 (רַ֫בָּתִי בַגּוֺיִם Ges§), — see also צִירוֺן חֲמַת; -plague Num 11:33, empire Esth 1:20 goodness Ps 31:20, wickedness Gen 6:5, etc.
b. specifically strong (opposed to אֵין כֹּחַ) 2Chr 14:10 רַב לְהוֺשִׁיעַ Isa 63:1 so רַבִּים as substantive Isa 53:12 (|| עֲצוּמִים).
c. major natu Gen 25:23 (opposed to צָעִיר); רַבּים as substantive grandoevi, Job 32:9.
d. + מִן compare greater than Deut 7:1; Deut 7:17; Deut 9:14; Deut 20:1 too great for Josh 19:9; 1Kgs 19:7 — Prov 26:10 is hopelessly corrupt, see Toy.

BDB7692 H7227 H7248 H7249 H8248 H7262

II. רַב₄₉ noun masculine chief (Assyrian-Babylonian influence, compare rab Dl^{HWB 609 b}; Biblical Aramic רַב); — construct ׳ר Jer 39:9+; plural construct רַבֵּי Jer 39:13; Jer 41:1 (but see below); — especially רַבֿ טַבָּחִים chief of guardsmen (see טַבָּח), only as title of Babylonian officer Jer 30:9; Jer 30:10 + 15 t. Jeremiah, 7 t || 2Kgs 25 (compare ׳שַׁר הַט in Gen [J E]); also רַב הַחֹבֵל Jonah 1:6 chief of the sailors, i.e. captain; in general כָּלרַֿב בֵּיתוֺ Esth 1:8, רַבמָֿרִיסָיו Dan 1:3 (see סָרִיס ), and so רַבֵּי מֶלֶךְ בָּבֶל Jer 39:13, רַבֵּי הַמֶּלֶךְ Jer 41:1 (late gloss; omitted by ᵐ5 and || 2Kgs 25:25, so Hi Gf Gie). The following titles of Assyrian -Babylonian officers are probably loan-words in Hebrew: רַבמָֿ֑ג Jer 39:3; Jer 39:13 usually chief soothsayer (see מָ֑ג), but = rab-mugi [? chief of princes] Pinches^{Hast. DB. BAB-MAG}; רַבסָֿרִיס (compare Old Aramaic [Nineveh] רב סרס Lzb³⁸⁶), 2Kgs 18:17 (Assyrian; not in || Isa 36:2), Jer 39:8; Jer 39:13 (Babylonian ), usually chief eunuch, but = rabû-ša-rêši, chief of the heads (the principal men) Wkl^{Unters. x.altor.Geschichte.1889, Excurs. v, p. 138} (actually found as rubû-ša-ri-ešu Pinches^{Acad June 25,1892, 618}), Pinches^{Hast.DB.RAB-SARIS}; רַבשָֿׁקֵה (van d. H. רַבְשָׁקֵה) chief of the officers (?) (so probably Assyrian rab-ŠA†; ša‡kû = high one; COT^{2Kgs 18:17} KB^ii.23 Dl^{HWB 685 a} Tiele^{Bab.-As. Geschichte.497.513} Pinches^{Hast.DB.iv 191}), 2Kgs 18:17; 2Kgs 18:19; 2Kgs 18:26; 2Kgs 18:27; 2Kgs 18:37; 2Kgs 19:4; 2Kgs 19:8 = Isa 36:2; Isa 36:4; Isa 36:11; Isa 36:13 (twice in verse); Isa 36:22; Isa 37:4; Isa 37:8

BDB9879 H7227 H7231 H7239

רבב (√ of following; see Biblical Hebrew I. רבב, רַב, רִבּוֺ).

Strong's Definition H7227

many, great, much, captain, more, …

rab

abundant (in quantity, size, age, number, rank, quality)

(adj) much, many, great

much

Variations 43 forms of this word

Translations 197 English renderings

Search every verse

Word Parts

מְאֹֽד

Adverb very, greatly, sore, exceeding, great, …

Dictionary form: מְאֹד · meh-ODE

Vowels & Accents

Hebrew Alephbet

Grammar D

Adverb

מְאֹֽד

Speech Adverb

In English

In the KJV here: with a very

very ×28 greatly ×25 was very ×20 a very ×14 exceeding ×8 exceedingly ×7 with a very ×7 and greatly ×6

More options

very — Most versatile; fits nearly any context naturally.

greatly — Best for verbs and actions; emphasizes degree of intensity.

extremely — Stronger than 'very'; good for heightened emotional contexts.

exceedingly — Modernizes KJV form; suits solemn or emphatic passages.

utterly — Use when totality or completeness is the focus.

intensely — Fits inner states like desire, love, or anguish.

Brown-Driver-Briggs (BDB)

BDB4483 H3966

מְאֹד noun masculine muchness, force, abundance, exceedingly (compare Assyrian mu'du, abundance, Hom^{ZMG 1878, 711} ('treasures ana mu'di, in abundance') Dl^{HWB 399}): —

1. force, might, Deut 6:5 וּבְכָלמְֿאֹדֶ֑ךָ and with all thy might; hence 2Kgs 23:25.

2. in different idioms (298 t.) to express the idea of exceedingly, greatly, very (whether of magnitude or degree):
a. (so mostly) as adverb accusative, qualifying both adjectives and obs., Gen 1:31 טוֺב מְאֹד good exceedingly, Gen 4:5 וַיִּחַד לְקַיִן מְאֹד and Cain was wroth exceedingly, Gen 7:18 מְאֹד וַיִּרְבּוּ הַמַּיִם וַיִּגְבְּרוּ, Gen 12:14; Gen 13:2 בַּמִּקְנֶה מְאֹד כָּבֵד וְאַבְרָם, vGen 13:13 מאד ׳חַטָּאִים לי, Gen 18:20; Gen 19:3; Gen 19:9; Gen 21:11; Gen 24:16; Gen 24:35, + often, Ps 46:2 נִמְצָא מְאֹד עֶזְרָה בְצָרוֺת as a help in troubles, to be found (= present) exceedingly; with an infinitive Isa 47:9 בְּעָצְמַת חֲבָרַיִח מְאֹד despite of thy spells being very numerous, Josh 9:13 מֵרֹב הַדֶּרֶךְ מְאֹד, 1Kgs 7:47 הַרְבֵּה מְאֹד Gen 15:1; Gen 41:49; Deut 3:5 +, for which in the later language is found לָרֹב מְאֹד Zech 14:14; 2Chr 4:18; 2Chr 9:9 (in 1Kgs 10:10 הַרְבֵּה מְאֹד); 2Chr 24:24; 2Chr 30:13, and even לְהַרְבֵּה מְאֹד 2Chr 11:12; 2Chr 16:8. מְאֹד is not usually separated from the word it qualifies by more than one or two words (as Gen 20:8 האנשׁים מאד וייראו, Num 11:10 מאד ׳ויחר אף י); see, however, Deut 30:14; Judg 12:2; 2Sam 12:5; 1Kgs 11:19; Ps 31:12. It precedes its verb, Ps 47:10 מְאֹד נַעֲלָה (hence Ps 97:9), Ps 92:6.
b. עַדמְֿאֹד up to abundance, to a great degree, exceedingly, Gen 27:33 חֲדָדָה גְּדֹלָה ׳עַדמֿ, vGen 27:34; 1Sam 11:15 ׳וישׂמח ֗֗֗ עד מ, 1Sam 25:36 וְהוּא ׳שִׁכֹּר עַדמֿ, 2Sam 2:17; 1Kgs 1:4; Isa 64:8 (compare Lam 5:22), vLam 5:11; Ps 38:7; Ps 38:9; Ps 119:8; Ps 119:43; Ps 119:51; Ps 119:107; Dan 8:8; Dan 11:25.
c. עַדלִֿמְאֹד (see עַד לְ) 2Chr 16:14.
d. duplicated (Ges^{«GKC:113k»§ 113k}), Gen 7:19 ׳מ ׳וְהַמַּיִם גָָּֽבְרוּ מ, Gen 30:43; Num 14:7; 1Kgs 7:47; 2Kgs 10:4; Ezek 37:10.
e. בִּמְאֹד מְאֹד literally with muchness, muchness, Gen 17:2; Gen 17:6; Gen 17:20; Exod 1:7 (all P), Ezek 9:9; Ezek 16:13.

Strong's Definition H3966

very, greatly, sore, exceeding, great, …

mĕʾōd

properly, vehemence, i.e., (with or without preposition) vehemently; by implication, wholly, speedily, etc. (often with other words as an intensive or superlative; especially when repeated)

(adv) exceedingly, much

force, might

exceedingly

Variations 7 forms of this word

Translations 136 English renderings