Numbers 2:13

וּ צְבָא ֖וֹ

וּ

Prefix — connector and (sometimes: but, so, then)

צְבָא

Root word hosts, host, war, armies, army, …

֖וֹ

Suffix — pronoun his / him / it

Dictionary form: צָבָא · tsaw-BAW

Noun — Common, both singular, construct state "___ of …" — bound to the next word

In the KJV here: and his host

of hosts ×284 the host ×37 of the host ×27 to war ×20 and his host ×12 according to their armies ×6 to the war ×5 for war ×4

More options

army — Best for a organised military force in narrative contexts.

host — Modernized KJV form; retains grandeur for divine/cosmic armies.

military service — Preferred when the word denotes duty or conscription.

warfare — Highlights the activity of war rather than the group itself.

forces — Collective plural; natural in modern military or political prose.

campaign — Use when context stresses a specific organised expedition or battle.

BDB2100 H3068 H3069 H1961 H430 H589 H2022 H6635

יהוה_{c. 6823} i.e. יַהְוֶה proper name, of deity Yahweh, the proper name of the God of Israel — (

1. ᵑ0 יְהוָֺה^C518 (Qr אֲדֹנָי), or יֱהוִֺה₃₀₅ (Qr אֱלֹהִים), in the combinations אדני יהוה & יהוה אדני (see אֲדֹנֶי), and with preposition בַּיהוָֺה, לַיהוָֺה, מֵיהוָֺה (Qr בַּאדֹנָי, לַאדֹנָי, מֵאדֹנָי), do not give the original form. ᵐ5 and other Vrss follow the Qr. On the basis of Exod 20:7; Lev 24:11 יהוה was regarded as a nomen ineffabile (see Philo^{de Vita Mosis iii. 519, 529}), called by the Jews הַשֵּׁם and by the Samaritans שׁימא. The pronunciation Jehovah was unknown until 1520, when it was introduced by Galatinus; but it was contested by Le Mercier, J. Drusius, and L. Capellus, as against grammatical and historical propriety (compare Bö^{§ 88}). The traditional Ἰαβέ of Theodoret and Epiphanius, the יָֿהוּ, יְהוֺֿ of compound proper name and the contracted form יָהּ all favour יַהְוֶךְ (compare יַהֲלֹמ֑וּן Ps 74:6 תַּהֲרוּ Isa 33:11), see Lag^{Sym i.14} Baud^{Studien i.179 ff.}; Dr^{Stud.Bib.i.1 ff.} For Jeve see Sta^{ZAW 1881, 346} De^{ib.1882, 173 f. & Gn. Excurs. ii.}

2. on literature of interpretations see Nes^Eg.67 Dr^{l.c. — Many recent scholars explain} יַהְוֶה as Hiph`il of היה (=היה) the one bringing into being, life-giver (compare חַוָּה Gen 3:20) Schr HSch; giver of existence, creator, Kue Tiele; he who brings to pass (so already Le Clerc),performer of his promises, Lag, Nes^Eg.88 (but Nes^{Eg.91 inclines to Qal as} RS^{Brit. & For. Ev. Rev} see below); or from היה he who causes to fall, rain or lightning RS^{OTJC.ed.1, 423; om.ed.2, 245}, compare We^{Skizzen iii.175}; 'Fäller,' destroying foes, Sta^G.i.429 (dubiously). But most take it as Qal of הוה (= היה); the one who is: i.e. the absolute and unchangeable one, Ri; the existing, ever living, as self-consistent and unchangeable, Di; or the one ever coming into manifestation as the God of redemption, De Oehl; compare also RS^{Brit. & For. Ev. Rev. 1876}, he will be it, i.e all that his servants look for (compare Ew^infr), he will approve himself (give evidence of being, assert his being Dr^l.c.17)).

**Theories of non-Hebrew or non-Semitic origin, opposed (in their older forms) by Bau^{Rel. i. 181 ff. (see especially 230)}; Dl^{Pa 162 ff.} claimed Babylonian origin for יהו, against this Kue^{national Religions, etc., Note iv (Eng. Trans. 329 ff.)} Jastr^{JBL xiil {1894}, 103 f.} compare Hpt^{BAS i. 170 N}; Dl^{Babel u. Bibel, 46 f., 73 f.} makes same claim for יהוה, against this see especially Hirsch^{ZAW xxiil {1903}, 355 ff.} Zim^{KATS. 465 ff.}; Spiegelb^{ZMG:liii {1899}, 633 ff.} proposes (improbable) Egyptian etymology for יהוה; further discussions see in Kö^{EB NAMES, § 112 and n.3}. 'Jehovah' found in Jacob (? Johannes) Wessel († 1480), according to Schw^{ThLZ, 1905, col. 612}.

I. יהוה is not used by E in Genesis, but is given Exod 3:12-15 as the name of the God who revealed Himself to Moses at Horeb, and is explained thus : אֶהְיֶה עִמָּ֑ךְ I shall be with thee (Exod 3:12), which is then implied in אֶהְיֶה אֲשֶׁר אֶהְיֶה I shall be the one who will be it vExod 3:14a (i.e: with thee vExod 3:12) and then compressed into אֶהְיֶה vExod 3:14b (i.e. with thee vExod 3:12), which then is given in the nominal form יהוה He who will be it vExod 3:15 (i.e. with thee vExod 3:12). compare Ew^{BTh ii. 337, 338} RS^{l.c., Proph. 385 ff.} Other interpretations are: I am he who I am, i.e. it is no concern of yours (Le Clerc Lag^{Psalt.Hieron.156}); I am (this is my name), inasmuch as I am (אֲשֶׁר = כִּי; AE JDMich We^JD Th xxi, 540 = compare Hexateuch 72); Di and others I am who I am, he who is essentially unnameable, inexplicable, — E uses יהוה sparingly by the side of אלהים and האלהים in his subsequent narrative. The Ephraimitic writers in Judges Samuel Kings use it in similar proportions. P abstains from the use of יהוה until he gives an account of its revelation to Moses Exod 6:3 but subsequently uses it freely. He gives no explanation of its meaning. He represents that אֵל שַׁדַּי was the God of the patriarchs. J uses יהוה from the beginning of his narrative, possibly explaining it, Gen 21:83 by אל עולם, the evergreen tamarisk being a symbol of the ever-living God; compare De Gen 21:33. Elsewhere יהוה is the common divine name in pre-exilic writers, but in post-exilic writers gradually falls into disuse, and is supplanted by אלהים and אדני. In Job it is used 31 t. in prose parts, and Job 12:9 (a proverb); not elsewhere in the poem. Chronicles apart from his sources prefers אלהים and האלהים. Daniel uses יהוה only in chap. 9 (7 t.); Ecclesiastes not at all. In the Elohistic group of Psalm 42-83 it is used 39 t. (see אלהים) . It occurs as the name of Israel's God MI¹⁸. It is doubtful whether it was used by other branches of the Shemitic family, compare COT Gen 2:4b Dl^{Pa 158 ff.} Dr^{Stud. Bib. i. 7 ff}.

II. 1. יהוה is used with אלהים and suffixes, especially in D;
a. with אֱלֹהֶיךָ in the Ten Words Exod 20:2-12 (5 t.) = Deut 5:6-16 in the law of worship of J E, Exod 23:19; Exod 34:24; Exod 34:26 in D 234 t.; Josh 1:9; Josh 1:17; Josh 9:9; Josh 9:24 (D²); elsewhere Gen 27:20; Exod 15:26 (JE), Judg 6:26 Samuel & Kings 20 t.; 1Chr 11:2; 1Chr 22:11; 1Chr 22:12; 2Chr 9:8 (twice in verse); 2Chr 16:7; Isa 7:11; Isa 37:4 (twice in verse); Isa 41:13; Isa 43:3; Isa 51:15; Isa 55:5; Jer 40:2 + (3t.); Hos 12:10; Hos 13:4; Hos 14:2; Amos 9:15; Ps 81:11.
b. with אֱלֹהֵיכֶם in D 46 t.; D² 28 t.; H 15 t.; P 15 t.; elsewhere Exod 23:25 (E); Exod 8:24; Exod 10:8; Exod 10:16; Exod 10:17 (JE); Judg 6:10; 1Sam 12:12; 1Sam 12:14; 2Kgs 17:39; 2Kgs 23:21; 1Chr 22:18 + (10 t. Chronicles) Ps 76:12; Jer 13:16 + (5 t.) Ezek 20:5; Ezek 20:7; Ezek 20:19; Ezek 20:20; Joel 2:13 + (6 t.) Zech 6:15.
c. with אֱלֹהֵינוּ in D 23 t.; in D² 5 t.; Exod 8:6 (JE) Exod 3:18; Exod 5:3; Exod 8:22; Exod 8:23; Exod 10:25; Exod 10:26 (E) Judg 11:24; 1Sam 7:8; 1Kgs 8:57; 1Kgs 8:59; 1Kgs 8:61; 1Kgs 8:65; 2Kgs 18:22; 2Kgs 19:10 = Isa 36:7; Isa 37:20; 1Chr 13:2 + (15 t. Chronicles) Mic 4:5; Mic 7:17; Isa 26:13; Jer 3:22 + (17 t.) Ps 20:8; Ps 90:17 (?;Baer אֲדנָֹי); Ps 94:23; Ps 99:5; Ps 99:8; Ps 99:9 (twice in verse); Ps 105:7; Ps 106:47; Ps 113:5; Ps 122:9; Ps 123:2; Dan 9:10; Dan 9:13; Dan 9:14.
d. with אֱלֹהֵיהֶם Exod 10:7 (J) Exod 29:46 (twice in verse); Lev 26:44 (P) Judg 3:7; Judg 8:34; 1Sam 12:9; 1Kgs 9:9; 2Kgs 17:7; 2Kgs 17:9; 2Kgs 17:14; 2Kgs 17:16; 2Kgs 17:19; 2Kgs 18:12; 2Chr 31:6; 2Chr 33:17; 2Chr 34:33; Neh 9:3 (twice in verse); Neh 9:4; Jer 3:21; Jer 22:9; Jer 30:9; Jer 43:1 (twice in verse); Jer 50:4; Ezek 28:26; Ezek 34:30; Ezek 39:22; Ezek 39:28; Hos 1:7; Hos 3:5; Hos 7:10; Zeph 2:7; Hag 1:12 (twice in verse); Zech 9:16; Zech 10:6.
e. with אֱלֹהָיו Num 23:21 (E) Exod 32:11 (J) Lev 4:22 (P) Deut 17:19; Deut 18:7; 1Sam 30:6; 1Kgs 5:17; 1Kgs 11:4; 1Kgs 15:3; 1Kgs 15:4; 1Kgs 2:11; 1Kgs 16:2; 1Kgs 2:1 + 13 t. Chronicles; Mic 5:3; Jer 7:28; Ps 33:12; Ps 144:15; Ps 146:5; Jonah 2:2. feminine with אֱלֹהַי Num 22:18 (JE) Deut 4:5; Deut 18:16; Deut 26:14; Josh 14:8; Josh 14:9; 2Sam 24:24; 1Kgs 3:7; 1Kgs 5:18; 1Kgs 5:19; 1Kgs 8:28; 1Kgs 17:20; 1Kgs 17:21; 1Chr 21:17; 1Chr 22:7; 2Chr 2:3; 2Chr 6:19; 2Chr 9:5; Ps 7:2; Ps 7:4; Ps 13:4; Ps 18:29; Ps 30:3; Ps 30:13; Ps 35:24; Ps 40:6; Ps 104:1; Ps 109:26; Isa 25:1; Jer 31:18; Dan 9:4; Dan 9:20; Jonah 2:7; Hab 1:12; Zech 11:4; Zech 13:9; Zech 14:5.
g. with אֱלֹהַיִךְ Isa 60:9; Jer 2:17; Jer 2:19; Jer 3:13; Mic 7:10; Zeph 3:17.
h. with אלהים, probably always due to later editors, or to a Qr which has crept into the text Gen 2:4b — Gen 3:23 (J, 20 t. either אלהים inserted by R^P as Di De; or יהוה inserted by J in an older source); Exod 9:30 (J, but not in ᵐ5 ⅏; Samaritan אדני יהוה; possibly ᵑ0 from earlier Qr, & ⅏ from later Qr); 2Sam 7:22; 2Sam 7:25 (ᵐ5 אדני יהוה and 1Chr 17:20-23 only יהוה); 1Chr 17:16; 1Chr 17:17 (but 2Sam 7:18; 2Sam 7:19 אדני יהוה) 1Chr 28:20; 1Chr 29:1; 2Chr 1:9; 2Chr 6:41 (twice in verse); 2Chr 6:42; 2Chr 26:18 (but in the original Ps 132:8 stood יהוה (so ℌ), or else no divine name); Ps 72:18 (the late doxology) Ps 84:12 (but it makes the line too long); Jonah 4:6. For the combinations with other divine names see those names.

2. the phrase אֲנִי יהוה is noteworthy: —
a. after אמר either alone Exod 6:2; Exod 6:29 (P) or before relative and other clauses: Gen 28:13 (J) Gen 15:7 (R) Exod 6:6 (P) with אלהיכם Judg 6:10; Ezek 20:5.
b. after ידע כי (α) Exod 7:17; Exod 8:18; Exod 10:2 (J); Exod 7:5; Exod 14:4; Exod 14:18 (P); 1Kgs 20:13; 1Kgs 20:28; Jer 24:7; Ezek 6:7 + 48 t. Ezekiel; (β) with אלהיכם Exod 6:7; Exod 16:12; Deut 29:5 (P) Exod 20:20; Joel 4:17 (γ) with אלהיהם Exod 29:46 (P) Ezek 28:26; Ezek 34:30; Ezek 39:22; Ezek 39:28 (δ) before relative and other clauses Isa 45:3; Isa 49:23; Isa 49:26; Isa 60:16; Ezek 7:9; Ezek 17:24; Ezek 21:10; Ezek 22:22; Ezek 35:12; Ezek 36:36 (ε) with various forms of קדשׁ Exod 31:13 (P) Ezek 20:12; Ezek 37:28; Ezek 39:7 (ζ) with דברתי Ezek 5:13; Ezek 17:21, compare ׳יֵדְעוּ אשׁר אני י Ezek 20:26.
c. after כִּי in various combinations Lev 11:44; Lev 11:45; Num 35:34 (P), Lev 20:7; Lev 20:26; Lev 21:8; Lev 21:15; Lev 21:23; Lev 22:16; Lev 24:22; Lev 25:17; Lev 26:1; Lev 26:44 (all H); Exod 15:26 (R) Isa 41:13; Isa 43:3; Isa 61:8; Jer 9:23; Ezek 12:25; Ezek 21:4; Zech 10:6; Mal 3:6.
d. emphatic Exod 6:8; Exod 12:12; Lev 26:2; Lev 26:45; Num 3:13; Num 3:41; Num 3:45 (all P); Lev 18:5; Lev 18:6; Lev 18:21; Lev 19:12; Lev 19:14; Lev 19:16; Lev 19:18; Lev 19:28; Lev 19:30; Lev 19:32; Lev 19:37; Lev 21:12; Lev 22:2; Lev 22:3; Lev 22:8; Lev 22:30; Lev 22:31; Lev 22:33 (all H) Isa 43:15 with אלהיהם Exod 29:46 with אלהיךָ Isa 48:17 with אלהיכם Lev 23:43; Lev 25:38; Lev 25:55; Num 10:10; Num 15:41 (twice in verse) (P) Lev 18:2; Lev 18:4; Lev 18:30; Lev 19:2; Lev 19:3; Lev 19:4; Lev 19:10; Lev 19:25; Lev 19:31; Lev 19:34; Lev 19:36; Lev 20:24; Lev 23:22; Lev 26:13 (all H) Ezek 20:7; Ezek 20:19; Joel 2:27 with מְקַדֵּשׁ Lev 20:8; Lev 22:9; Lev 22:32 (H), with דברתי Num 14:35 (P) Ezek 5:15 + (11 t. Ezekiel); with clauses Isa 27:3; Isa 41:4; Isa 41:17; Isa 42:6; Isa 42:8; Isa 45:5; Isa 45:6; Isa 45:7; Isa 45:8; Isa 45:18; Isa 45:19; Isa 45:21; Isa 60:22; Jer 17:10; Jer 32:27; Ezek 14:4; Ezek 14:7; Ezek 14:9; Ezek 34:24 אָנֹכִי יהוה is used in the Ten Words Exod 20:2; Exod 20:5 = Deut 5:6; Deut 5:9 cited Ps 81:11; Hos 12:10; Hos 13:4 elsewhere only Exod 4:11 (J) Isa 43:11; Isa 44:24; Isa 51:15.

3. יהוה is also used with several predicates, to form sacred names of holy places of Yahweh יהוה יראה Gen 22:14 (J); יהוה נסי Exod 17:15 (E) יהוה שׁלים Judg 6:24 יהוה צדקנו Jer 33:16 (compare Jer 23:6 where it is applied to the Messiah); יהוה שָׁ֑מָּה Ezek 48:35. — On combinations such as ׳הַר י, צְבָאוֺת ׳י etc., see הַר, צָבָא, etc.

Note. — Bonk^{ZAW 1891, 126 ff.} seems to shew that as prefix, in compare proper name, יְהוֺ is the oldest and the latest form and that יוֺ is intermediate, belonging to the earlier post-exilic period until the time of Chronicles; occasional copyists' mistakes being taken into the account.

BDB6904 H6635

צָבָא :485 noun masculine^{2Chr 28:9} (possibly feminine Isa 10:2; Isa 40:2; Dan 8:12, but see Albr^{ZAW xv (1895), 319}; Bev^Dn) army, war, warfare; — absolute ׳צ Num 1:3 + (מִצָּבָה Zech 9:8); construct צְבָא Num 10:15 +; suffix צְבָאִי Job 14:14 צְבָאֲךָ Judg 8:9; Judg 9:29 צְבָיָו Ps 103:21; Ps 148:2 (Kt צבאו; so read probably in both), etc.; plural צְבָאוֺת Num 20:9 + 278 t.; construct צִבְאוֺת Exod 12:41 + 2 t.; suffix צִבְאֹתַי Exod 7:4 צִבְאֹתָם Exod 6:26 +, etc.; —

1. army, host:
a. organized for war Judg 8:6; Judg 9:29 (J) Isa 34:2; Jer 51:3; 2Chr 28:9 צְבָאוֺ his host Num 2:4; Num 2:6 + 10 t. 2 (P), לְצִבְאֹתָם Num 1:3; Num 1:52; Num 2:3; Num 2:9 + 11 t. Num 2:10; Num 33:1 (P); ׳אַלְפֵי הצ Num 31:48 (P); ישׂראל ׳צ 2Chr 25:7 ׳חֵיל (ה)צ 1Chr 20:1; 2Chr 26:13 ׳גְּדוּדֵי צ 1Chr 7:4 כלהֿצבא 2Sam 3:23; 2Sam 10:7; 1Chr 19:8; 2Chr 26:14 ׳(ה)צ שַׂר captain of (the) host Gen 21:22; Gen 21:32 (E) Gen 26:26 (J) Judg 4:2; Judg 4:7; 1Sam 12:9 + 21 t.; (ה)צבא שָׂרֵי 1Kgs 1:25 (but read שַׂר), 1Chr 25:1; 1Chr 26:26; 2Chr 33:11 ׳שָׂרִים בצ 1Chr 12:22 (ה)צבאות שָׂרֵי Deut 20:9; 1Kgs 2:5; 1Chr 27:3 ׳רָאשֵׁי הצ 1Chr 12:14 מַלְכֵי צבאות Ps 68:13 ׳(ה)צ עַל over the host (as captain) Num 10:14; Num 10:15 + 10 t. Num 10 (P), 2Sam 8:16 = 1Chr 18:15; 2Sam 17:25; 1Kgs 2:35; 1Kgs 4:4 אלֿ ׳כל הצ 2Sam 20:23 (אל for על); עַלצִֿבְאֹתָם Exod 6:26; Exod 12:51 (P); הוציא צבאות lead out armies Exod 7:4; Exod 12:17 (P); ׳יצא צ army goes forth (to war) Exod 12:41; 1Chr 7:11 לֹא תֵצֵא בְּצִבְאוֺתֵינוּ Ps 44:10, of ׳י going with our armies = Ps 60:12 = Ps 108:12 figurative of great number, צבא רב Ps 68:12. — On חֲלִיפוֺת וְצָבָא Job 10:17 see Di; Bu proposes תַּחֲלֵף צְבָאֲ(ךָׅ i.e. thou dost renew (thine) army against me.
b. host (organized body) of angels (compare Luke 2:13), צבא השׁמים (כל) all the host of heaven 1Kgs 22:19 = 2Chr 18:18; Neh 9:6 כל צבאיו Ps 103:21; Ps 148:2 צבא הַמָּרוֺם Isa 24:21 host of the high (angle-princes; || earthly monarchs); צבא השׁמים Dan 8:10, הצבא vDan 8:10 (al. v^{b figurative of Israel}); ׳י ׳שׂר צ captain of the host of ׳י Josh 5:14; Josh 5:15 (theophanic angel); שׂר הצבא Dan 8:11 (angel-prince of Israel, others, God).
c. of sun, moon and stars, כלצבא השׁמים Deut 4:19; Deut 17:3; 2Kgs 17:16; 2Kgs 21:3; 2Kgs 21:5 = 2Chr 33:3; 2Chr 33:5; 2Kgs 23:4; 2Kgs 23:5; Jer 8:2; Jer 19:13 (all as objects of worship), Isa 34:4 השׁמים ׳צ Jer 33:22; Zeph 1:5 כל צבאם Neh 9:6; Ps 33:6; Isa 34:4; Isa 45:12 צבאם Isa 40:26. — Jer 3:19 see I. צְבִי.
d. of the entire creation, כל צבאם Gen 2:1.

2. war, warfare, service: יָצָא צָבָא go out to war Num 1:3; Num 1:20 + 12 t. Num 1; Num 26:2 (P) 1Chr 5:18; 1Chr 7:11; 1Chr 12:33; 1Chr 12:36; 2Chr 25:5; 2Chr 26:11 ׳יצא בצ Num 31:36 (P) Deut 24:5 ׳יצא לצ Num 31:27; Num 31:28 (P); ׳עלה לצ go up to war Josh 22:12; Josh 22:33 (P); ׳בא מצ come from war Num 31:14; 2Chr 28:12 ׳קבץ לצ 1Sam 28:1 ׳שׁלח לצ Num 31:4; Num 31:6 (twice in verse) (P) התיחשׂם ׳בּצ 1Chr 7:40 תִנָּתֵן ׳צ Dan 8:12 ׳אַנְשֵׁי (ה)צ men of war Num 31:21; Num 31:53 (P) 1Chr 12:8, compare ׳עַם הצ Num 31:32(P); see also II. חלץ; ׳גִבּוֺרֵי חַיִל לצ 1Chr 12:25 ׳כְּלֵי צ 1Chr 12:37 instruments of war.

3. service:
a. of Levites in sacred places Num 4:3; Num 4:23; Num 4:30; Num 4:35; Num 4:39; Num 4:43; Num 8:24; Num 8:25 קֹדֶשׁ וְצָבָא Dan 8:13 (al. as vDan 8:11, 1 b).
b. of hard service of troubled life Job 7:1; Job 14:14; Isa 40:2; Dan 10:1.

4. צְבָאוֺת, in name of ׳י as God of war, probably first in time of warlike David (some connect with sacred ark, but ark older), explained יהוה צבאות אֱלֹחֵי מערכות ישׂראל 1Sam 17:45 ׳י Sebaoth God of the battle array of Israel (the thought of angels and stars as army of God is later);
a. earliest form with article: אֱלֹהֵי הַצְּבָאוֺת ׳י Amos 3:13; Amos 6:14; Amos 9:5 (אֱלֹהֵי omitted by error, compare We), Hos 12:6.
b. without article, definite by usage, אֱלֹהֵי צְבָאוֺת ׳י 2Sam 5:10; Amos 5:14; Amos 5:15; Amos 5:16; Amos 6:8; 1Kgs 19:10; 1Kgs 19:14; Jer 5:14; Jer 15:16; Ps 89:9 אֱלֹהֵי צְבָאֹת אֱלֹהֵי יִשְׂרָאֵל ׳י Jer 35:17; Jer 38:17; Jer 44:7; Jer 1:27 = 1Chr 17:24; Isa 21:10; Isa 37:16 1st אֱלֹהֵי omitted Jer 7:3; Jer 7:21 + 30 t. Jeremiah; Zeph 2:9 אלהי ישׂראל ׳אלהים צ ׳י Ps 59:6 (אלהים variant of ׳י); שְׁמוֺ ׳צ ׳א ׳י, ׳י God of hosts his name Amos 4:13; Amos 5:27, later reduced to ׳צ ׳י שְׁמוֺ Isa 47:4; Isa 48:2; Isa 51:15; Isa 54:5; Jer 10:16; Jer 31:35 + 6 t. Jeremiah
c. as proper name Sebaoth: צבאות ׳י, ׳י Sebaoth (Lord of hosts, Vrss, owing to Qr אֲדֹנָי, but this never construct אֲדֹנֵי; al. ׳י of hosts, but < names in apposition, since ׳י is proper name; ׳צ for earlier ׳אלהי צ; compare Σαβαωθ Jas 5:4; Rom 9:29): 1Sam 1:3; 1Sam 1:11; 1Sam 4:4; 1Sam 15:2; 1Sam 17:45; 2Sam 6:2; 2Sam 6:18; 2Sam 7:8; 2Sam 7:26; 1Kgs 18:15; 2Kgs 3:14; 2Kgs 19:31; 1Chr 11:9; 1Chr 17:7; Ps 24:10 + 6 t. Psalms; Mic 4:4; Nah 2:14; Nah 3:5; Nah 2:12; Nah 5:7; Nah 5:9; Nah 5:16; Nah 5:24 + 35 t. Isa 6-39; Isa², only Isa 44:6; Isa 45:13; Jer 6:6; Jer 6:9; Jer 8:3; Jer 9:6; Jer 9:16 + 26 t. Jeremiah; Hag 1:2; Hag 1:5 + 12 t. Haggai; Zech 1:3 (3 t. in verse); Zech 1:4 + 40 t. Zech 1-8; Zech 9:15 + 8 t. Zechariah 10-14; Mal 1:4; Mal 1:6; Mal 1:8 + 21 t. Malachi; ׳צ ׳האדון י Isa 1:24 + 4 t. Isaiah (including Isa 10:16 Baer Gi > van d. H. אֲדֹנָי for ׳י); ׳צ ׳אֲדֹנָי י Isa 3:15 + (on these phrase see אָדוֺן 1, 6); ׳אלהים צ (׳א later Qr for original ׳י) Ps 80:8; Ps 80:15 ׳אלהים צ ׳י (earlier ׳י + later [inserted] ׳א) Ps 80:5; Ps 80:20; Ps 84:9. — compare Dr^{Hastings DB (1900), LORD OF HOSTS and references}, Löhr^{Amos (Beiheftezur ZAW iv (1900), 38-67)}.

צְבָאוֺת, צִבְאוֺת, צְבָאִים see further I, II. צְבִי.

צְבֹאִים see צְבֹיִים.

hosts, host, war, armies, army, …

ṣābāʾ

a mass of persons (or figuratively, things), especially reg. organized for war (an army); by implication, a campaign, literally or figuratively (specifically, hardship, worship)

that which goes forth, army, war, warfare, host

army, host

host (of organised army)

וּ פְקֻֽדֵי הֶ֑ם

וּ

Prefix — connector and (sometimes: but, so, then)

פְקֻֽדֵי

Root word numbered, visit, punish, visited, number, …

הֶ֑ם

Suffix — pronoun their / them

Dictionary form: פָּקַד · paw-KAHD

Verb — Qal, Participle Passive, masculine plural, construct state simple action — "he did" a settled state — try "___ed"

In the KJV here: and those that were numbered

and those that were numbered ×18 those that were numbered ×17 numbered ×15 according to those that were numbered ×7 visit ×7 i will punish ×6 that were numbered ×6 visited ×5

More options

count — Best for census/muster contexts; clear and everyday.

visit — Retain for divine visitation; modernized from KJV 'visited'.

punish — Use when God or king enacts judgment on wrongdoers.

appoint — Fits administrative/leadership contexts; someone set over others.

muster — Military register sense; more precise than 'count' for troops.

attend to — Captures caring oversight nuance in pastoral or divine care.

BDB6734 H6485

פָּקַד₃₀₃ verb attend to, visit, muster, appoint (Late Hebrew id., visit, enjoin; Phoenician פקד attend to, provide; Assyrian pa‡âdu = Biblical Hebrew; Arabic lose, miss; also (Dozy) give heed, attention, to; Ethiopic visit, muster, desire, need, etc.; Nabataean פקד command (Cook), so ᵑ7 פְּקַד Pa`el, Syriac , also visit); —

Qal₂₃₄ Perfect 3 masculine singular ׳פ Exod 4:31 +; 1 singular פָּקַדְתִּי Exod 3:16 +, etc.; Imperfect 3 masculine singular יִפְקֹד Gen 50:24 +, etc.; Imperative masculine singular פְּקֹד Num 3:15 +, etc.; Infinitive absolute פָּקֹד Gen 50:24 +; construct לִפְקֹד 2Sam 24:4 +, etc.; Participle active פֹּקֵד Exod 20:5 +; passive (הַ) פְּקֻדִים Exod 30:14 +, construct פְּקוּדֵי Num 31:14 +, etc.; —

A. 1. a. pay attention to, observe (with care, practical interest), of ׳י with accusative of person + of thing Exod 3:16 (J), with accusative of person Exod 4:31 (J; || רָאָה), Ps 8:5 (with providence, compare פְּקֻדָּה Job 10:12 || זָכַר); with accusative of thing 1Sam 15:2; Ps 80:15 (|| הִבִּיט, רָאָה), Lam 4:22 (|| גִּלָּה עַל), יִוְכֹּר עֲוֺנָם וְיִפְקֹד חַטאֹתָם Hos 8:13 = Hos 9:9 = Jer 14:10; 1Sam 17:18 observe thy brothers as to well-being (לְשָׁלוֺם; i.e. see how they fare).
b. attend to, in act, see to, with accusative of person 2Kgs 9:34 accusative of sheep Jer 23:2 (in figurative); compare Zech 10:3 b Zech 11:16.
c. seek (with interest, desire), seek ׳י Isa 26:16 in bad sense, look about for Ezek 23:21. Hence
d. seek in vain, need, miss, lack (compare Niph`al, and Arabic Ethiopic above), with accusative of person 1Sam 20:6; Isa 34:16, of thing 1Sam 25:15; Jer 3:16.

2. specifically visit, with accusative, for different purposes: with (ב) a present Judg 15:1 especially of ׳י, visit graciously Gen 21:1; Gen 50:24; Gen 50:25 = Exod 13:19 (all E), Isa 23:17; Jer 15:15 (|| זָכַר), Jer 27:22; Jer 29:10; Ps 65:10 +; בִּישׁוּעָתֶ֑ךָ Ps 106:4 (|| זָכַר); visit to search, test, accusative of person Job 7:18 (|| כָּחַן), Ps 17:3 (|| id.; object omitted), absolute Job 31:14 to punish Jer 6:15; Jer 49:8; Jer 50:31; Ps 59:6 accusative of person omitted Exod 32:34 a Isa 26:14, with עַל of thing (of sin) Jer 5:9; Jer 5:29; Jer 9:8 (here + ב person); accusative of thing Ps 89:33 absolute, of ׳י's anger Job 35:15.

3. with עַל person, visit upon, ׳י subject, + accusative of thing (of sin) Amos 3:2; Amos 3:14; Hos 1:4; Hos 2:15; Exod 20:5; Exod 34:7; Deut 5:9 + 10 t.; accusative of thing omitted, = punish Isa 10:12; Jer 9:24; Jer 11:22; Jer 13:21 + 10 t. Jeremiah, + 8 t.; + כ of thing Hos 12:3; Jer 21:14 + clause of sin Hos 4:14 with אֶל person Jer 50:18 (twice in verse), אֶל + עַל Jer 46:18 indefinite subject with עַל of vineyard = injure Isa 27:3.

4. pass in review, muster (nearly = number), with accusative, 1Sam 11:8; 1Sam 13:15; 2Sam 24:2; 2Sam 24:4 + 11 t. + Num 1:3; Num 1:19; Num 1:44; Num 1:49 + 16 t. Numbers (P); accusative omitted 1Sam 14:17 (twice in verse); Num 3:42 object נָוֶה Job 5:24 especially passive participle, persons or things mustered (numbered), Exod 30:12; Exod 30:13; Exod 30:14; Exod 38:25; Exod 38:26; Num 1:21; Num 1:22 + 67 t. Numbers; + 1Chr 23:24. B. appoint:

1. with accusative of person + אִתָּם Gen 40:4, + עַל person over whom Jer 15:3; Jer 51:27; Num 27:16, + אֶל (for עַל) Jer 49:19 = Jer 50:44 with accusative of person alone Num 3:10, + בְּראֹשׁ הָעָם Deut 20:9 passive participle plural appointed ones, officers, of (fighting) host Num 31:14; Num 31:48; 2Kgs 11:15; 2Chr 23:14.

2. with accusative of thing, appoint, assign, + עַל person to whom, Num 4:27 (on text see Di); with accusative of thing only, vNum 4:32 compare Job 34:13; Job 36:23 lay upon (עַל person) as a charge, Zeph 3:7 (reading מֵעֵינֶיהָ, ᵐ5 We Now, for מְעוֺנָהּ); + infinitive 2Chr 36:23 = Ezra 1:2 = deposit, with accusative of thing + ב location, 2Kgs 5:24 (compare פִּקָּדוֺן). Niph`al Perfect 3 masculine singular נִפְקַד 1Sam 25:7 +; 2 masculine singular וְנִפְקַדְתָּ֫ 1Sam 20:18 Imperfect 3 masculine singular יִפָּקֵד v1Sam 20:18 +, etc.; Infinitive הִפָּקֵד absolute 1Kgs 20:39 construct Judg 21:3 —

1. be (sought, i.e. needed) missed, lacking 1Sam 20:18 + v1Sam 20:19 (ᵐ5, for ᵑ0 תֵּרֵד, We Dr and others), 1Sam 25:7; 1Kgs 20:39 (+ infinitive absolute), 2Kgs 10:19 (twice in verse); Jer 23:4 (Gr Gie conjecture יִפְחָ֖דוּ), + מִן particle Judg 21:3; 1Sam 25:21; 2Sam 2:30; Num 31:49 of seat 1Sam 20:18, place v1Sam 20:25 v1Sam 20:27 (i.e. be empty).

2. be visited (graciously) Ezek 38:8; Isa 24:22, compare Isa 29:6 (ב accompare; see Di).

3. be visited upon, עַל person, Num 16:29 (subject פְּקֻדָּה); רָ֑ע ׳בַּל יִפּ Prov 19:23 evil shall not be visited (that is, upon him; read perhaps שׂבֵר עָלָיו for שָׂבֵעַ יָלִין see Toy).

4. be appointed Neh 7:1, + עַל Neh 12:44. Pi`el (intensive) muster a host, Participle מְפַקֵּד Isa 13:4 (of ׳י). Pu`al be passed in review, Perfect 3 masculine singular פֻּקַּד Exod 38:21 be caused to miss, deprived of, 1 singular פֻּקַּדְתִּי Isa 38:10 with accusative of thing,

**sense dubious, Ges am (shall be) missed for; Hi Di De Che^Comm. am punished, mulcted of. Hithpa`el be mustered, Perfect 3 plural הִתְפָּֽקְדוּ Judg 20:15; Judg 20:17 Imperfect 3 masculine singular וַיִּתְפָּקֵד Judg 21:9 3 masculine plural Judg 20:15 (on form see Ges^{«GKC:54l»§ 54l}). Hothpa`al id., Perfect 3 plural הָתְפָּֽקְדוּ 1Kgs 20:27; Num 1:47; Num 2:33; Num 26:62 (Ges^l.c.). Hiph`il₂₉ Perfect 3 masculine singular הִפְקִיד Gen 39:5 +, 2 masculine singular suffix הִפְקַדְתּוֺ 1Sam 29:4, etc.; Imperfect 3 masculine singular יַפְקִיד Isa 10:28, etc.; Imperative masculine singular הַפְקֵד Num 1:50; Ps 109:6, etc.; —

1. with accusative of person, set (over), make overseer; 2Kgs 25:23 + עַל Gen 39:4; Jer 1:10; Num 1:50 + 8 t., figurative, acc, of punishment, Lev 26:16 + ב Jer 40:5 +3 t.; + ב and על Gen 39:5 + ל 1Kgs 11:28 + אֲשֶׁר שָׁם 1Sam 29:4 where thou hast stationed him, insert also v1Sam 29:10 ᵐ5 The We Dr and others; + אִתּוֺ Jer 40:7, compare Jer 41:10.

2. with accusative of thing (implicit),
a. commit, entrust (compare פִּקָּדוֺן), ׳עַליַֿד פ 1Kgs 14:27 = 2Chr 12:10 with accusative רוּחִי + בְּיָָֽדְךָ Ps 31:6.
b. deposit, with accusative of thing + ב location Jer 36:20, + ל location Isa 10:28 accusative of person (Jeremiah as prisoner) + ב location Jer 37:21.

Hoph`al 1. be visited in punishment, Perfect 3 masculine singular הָפְקַד Jer 6:6 (impersonal; but ᵐ5 ψευδής read הַשֶּׁקֶר JDMich, הַפֶּרֶק Gie).

2. be deposited, אִתּוֺ Lev 5:23 (subject הַפִּקָּדוֺן).

3. be made overseer, Participle (הַ)מֻפְקָדִים, with בֵּית 2Kgs 22:9; 2Kgs 12:12 Qr (Kt הפקדים); ׳בְּבֵית י 2Kgs 22:5 (Qr strike out ב), 2Chr 34:10 with עַל person 2Chr 34:12 absolute v2Chr 34:17.

BDB6736 H6485

[פְּקוּדִים noun plural [masculine] abstract musterings i.e. expenses; — construct פְּקוּדֵי Exod 38:21 (see Di).

numbered, visit, punish, visited, number, …

pāqad

to visit (with friendly or hostile intent); by analogy, to oversee, muster, charge, care for, miss, deposit, etc

(v) to attend to, muster, number, reckon, visit, punish, appoint, look after, care for

(Qal)

to pay attention to, observe

to be sought, be needed, be missed, be lacking

to set over, make overseer, appoint an overseer

to be visited

תִּשְׁעָ֧ה

Root word nine, ninth, nineteen, nineteenth

Dictionary form: תֵּשַׁע · tay-SHA

Adjective — Cardinal Number, masculine singular, absolute state a number (one, two, three, …)

In the KJV here: and nine

nine ×21 and nine ×16 in the nine ×2 in the ninth ×2 nineteen ×2 the nineteenth ×2 unto the nine ×2 and ninth ×1

More options

nine — Core cardinal number; use for counts and quantities.

ninth — Ordinal form; use for position or sequence in a series.

nineteen — Use when the lemma functions as the compound cardinal 19.

nineteenth — Ordinal of 19; use for dates, regnal years, or sequences.

BDB9261 H8672

תֵּ֫שַׁע, תִּשְׁעָה₅₈ noun masculine and feminine a nine, nonad (Late Hebrew = Biblical Hebrew; Assyrian tišit (feminine), nine, tešû, ninth; Sabean תסעת nine, תסעי ninety Hom^{Chr 48}; Lihyanian תסע DHM^{Ep. Denkm. Ar. 52}, Arabic , Ethiopic Aramaic תְּשַׁע , Nabataean, Palmyrene תשע Lzb³⁸⁸, Mandean (א for ע; sometimes ע prefixed) תשא, עשתא Nö^{M 188}, all nine); —

masculine with feminine noun absolute תֵּ֫שַׁע Deut 3:11 + 20 t., construct תְּשַׁע Judg 4:3 + 18 t.; feminine with masculine noun absolute תִּשְׁעָה 2Sam 14:8 + 13 t., construct תִּשְׁעַת Josh 13:7 + 2 t. (these include 9 + 10 = 19); — nine (Hexateuch chiefly P);

1. no other number:
a. before plural noun תֵּשַׁע אַמּוֺת Deut 3:11, שָׁנִים ׳ת 2Kgs 17:1; Gen 11:19, הַיָּדוֺת ׳ת Neh 11:1, חֳדָשִׁים 2Sam 24:8, תִּשְּׁבָטִים Josh 13:7 (J E?), compare Josh 14:2; Num 34:13 (both P); after plural noun עָרִים תֵּ֫שַׁע Josh 15:44; Josh 15:51; Josh 21:16 (all P), פָּרִים תִּשְׁעָה Num 29:26 (P); noun omitted 1Chr 3:8.
b. = ordinal לַחֹדֶשׁ 2Kgs 25:3 + 3 t. on the ninth (day) of the month; שְׁנַתתֵּֿשַׁע לְ 2Kgs 18:10 the ninth year of.

2. 9 + 10 = 19, with feminine noun תְּשַׁעעֶֿשְׂרֵה שָׁנָה Gen 11:25, עָרִים תְּשַׁעֿ עֶשְׂרֵהJosh 19:38 (both P), as ordinal שְׁנַת תְּשַׁעֿ עֶשְׂרִים שָׁנָה לְ 2Kgs 25:8 || Jer 52:12 with masculine noun תִּשְׁעָה עָשָׂר אִישׁ 2Sam 2:30, compare (as ordinal, גּוֺרָל omitted) 1Chr 24:16; 1Chr 25:26.

3. 900 = תְשַׁע מֵאוֺת Judg 4:3 + 14 t.

4. with tens (20, 30, etc.): ׳ת following 2Kgs 14:2 + 10 t., precedes Gen 11:24 + 6 t., compare Kö^{ii. 1. 215 ff}.

nine, ninth, nineteen, nineteenth

tēšaʿ

nine or (ordinal) ninth

nine, nonad

nine (as cardinal number)

וַ ֽחֲמִשִּׁ֛ים

וַ

Prefix — connector and (sometimes: but, so, then)

ֽחֲמִשִּׁ֛ים

Root word fifty, fifties, fiftieth, where

Dictionary form: חֲמִשִּׁים · huh-mish-SHEEM

Adjective — Cardinal Number, both plural, absolute state plural — usually add "-s"; a number (one, two, three, …)

In the KJV here: of them were fifty

fifty ×55 and fifty ×45 of fifty ×10 was fifty ×5 were fifty ×5 thereof was fifty ×3 with his fifty ×3 him and his fifty ×2

More options

fifty — Standard cardinal number; suits most contexts.

fiftieth — Ordinal use; for ranking or sequential position.

group of fifty — When referring to a unit or squad of fifty people.

fifty-strong — Emphasizes a contingent or force of fifty.

BDB2903 H2572

חֲמִשִּׁים₁₆₄ noun plural (a) fifty (Arabic Aramaic , Phoenician חמשם; MI²⁸ חמשן; Assyrian —amšâti Di in Lotz^{TP 80}) — חֲמִשִּׁים Gen 6:15 + 154 t. (including Ezek 40:25; Ezek 40:29; Ezek 40:33, strike out Co) + Ezek 45:12 (so read A Hi Co for חמּשׁה); suffix חֲמִשֶּׁיךָ 2Kgs 1:10; 2Kgs 1:12, חֲמִשָּׁיו 2Kgs 1:9 + 4 t., חֲמִשֵּׁיהֶם 2Kgs 1:14 —

1. absolute
a. a fifty, a company of fifty Exod 18:21; Exod 18:25; Deut 1:15; 1Sam 8:12; 2Kgs 1:9 (twice in verse) + 13 t. 2Kgs 1 (in v2Kgs 1:14 = fifties), Isa 3:3.
b. elsewhere, without noun expressed, (1) without other numeral Num 31:30; Num 31:47; Ezek 27:18 (twice in verse); Hag 2:16 (2) with other number ׳ח preceding Exod 30:23 (twice in verse) + 11 t.; + 1Chr 12:34 Baer, van d. H. v.1Chr 12:33 (followed by אלף); (3) ׳ח following Exod 38:26 + 10 t.; (4) ׳ח between other number Num 1:23 + 23 t.

2. חֲמִשִּׁים without other number:
a. before noun Gen 6:15 + 58 t. + בָּאַמָּה ׳ח Exod 38:12.
b. after noun 2Sam 24:24; Exod 26:11 + 4 t. Chronicles

3. ׳ח before other numbers:
a. followed by noun Gen 7:24 +.
b. preceded by noun 1Chr 5:21.

4. ׳ח after other number, and
a. this after noun 1Chr 8:40; Ezra 8:3; Ezra 8:26.
b. noun repeated e.g. Gen 9:28; Gen 9:29.

5. ׳ח preceded by construct e.g. שָׁנָה ׳בִּשְׁנַת ח 2Kgs 15:23; 2Kgs 15:27; Lev 15:10; Lev 15:11.

6. ׳ח = ordinal, fiftieth Lev 25:10; Lev 25:11; 2Kgs 15:23, compare v2Kgs 15:27.

fifty, fifties, fiftieth, where

ḥămiššîm

fifty

fifty

fifty (cardinal number)

אֶ֖לֶף

Root word thousand, thousands, hundred, two

Dictionary form: אֶלֶף · eh-LEP

Adjective — Cardinal Number, both singular, absolute state a number (one, two, three, …)

In the KJV here: thousand

thousand ×332 a thousand ×56 two thousand ×18 of thousands ×13 and a thousand ×9 over thousands ×6 and two thousand ×5 of the thousands ×4

More options

thousand — Standard modern rendering; suits most contexts.

thousands — Use for plural forms or large collective quantities.

unit of a thousand — Clarifies exact numeric sense in technical passages.

contingent — Military/tribal subdivision; prefer in census or battle lists.

clan — Social unit sense; fits tribal-organization contexts.

troop — Informal military grouping; vivid in narrative battle scenes.

BDB504 H503 H505

II. אֶ֫לֶף noun masculine^{Judg 6:15} thousand (אלף MI, SI, Sabean DHM^{ZMG 1875, 615}; Arabic , Aramaic , אֲלַף, אלפיא) — ׳) א׳(אָ֑ Gen 20:16 +; suffix אַלְפִּי Judg 6:15 dual אַלְפַּיִם Num 4:36 +; plural אֲלָפִים Exod 18:21 +; construct אַלְפֵי Exod 32:28 +; אֲלָפֶיךָ Deut 7:13 + 2 t.; אֲלָפָיו Qr 1Sam 18:7 + 2 t. (Kt פֿו) — a thousand.

1. numeral:
a. used with noun alone; mostly before noun Num 35:4; Josh 7:3; Neh 3:13; 1Chr 18:4 +; after noun (late) 1Chr 12:35 + 6 t. Chronicles Ezra Nehemiah; בָּאַפָּה ׳א Num 35:5 (4 t. in verse); Ezek 47:3 (strike out Co); the noun always plural when preceding, sometimes when following, 1Sam 25:2; 1Kgs 3:4; 2Kgs 18:23 = Isa 36:8; 2Chr 30:24; Ps 90:4; Job 42:12; Eccl 6:6 elsewhere singular אישׁ Judg 9:49; Judg 15:15; Judg 15:16; Josh 7:3 +; אַמָּה Num 35:4 + (so SI); דּוֺר Deut 7:9 +, compare 1Chr 18:4; 1Chr 19:6; 2Kgs 15:19; Job 42:12; Song 4:4; Isa 7:23, noun sometimes collective; ׳א plural construct Mic 6:7; Ps 119:72; Gen 24:60 noun not expressed (or not fully) Gen 20:16; Num 31:5; Num 31:6 +; distributive אֶלֶף ֗֗֗ אֶלֶף Num 31:4 multiplicative Deut 1:11 פְּעָמִים ׳א; indefinite for great number (plural) Exod 20:6; Exod 34:7; Deut 5:10; Jer 32:18, (singular) Deut 32:30; Eccl 6:6 +.
b. ׳א + other number usually precedes it Exod 38:25 + often; but following רִבּוֺא Ezra 2:64 + 2 t.; it follows also smaller number Num 3:50; 1Kgs 5:12 (so SI); the noun following in singular Exod 28:25 + 8 t.; plural 2Sam 8:4 + 2 t.; noun precedes, in plural (late) Dan 12:12 + 2 t.; noun not expressed Exod 38:28 + often
c. ׳א X other number always following Exod 12:37 +; usual order is no. X ׳א + additional no. (if any) + noun (if expressed) Num 31:52; Judg 20:35 compare Exod 12:37; 2Kgs 3:4 (twice in verse) +; less often noun + no. X ׳א Num 31:33; 1Kgs 8:63 +; (other combinations see Exod 38:26; Num 26:51; Num 31:32; Ezek 48:30; 1Chr 29:7 etc.); ׳א usually singular Num 11:21 +; except after units, where plural absolute Num 1:46; Judg 20:34 + (so MI); seldom plural construct Exod 32:28; Judg 4:10; Job 1:3 (twice in verse); (noun mostly singular when following Judg 4:10; 1Kgs 12:21+, yet plural Josh 4:13; 1Sam 13:5 +; when preceding it is plural 1Chr 5:21 +, or collective Num 31:33; 1Sam 25:2; 1Kgs 8:63; 2Chr 7:5 +); אֶלֶף אֲלָפִים 1Chr 21:5; 1Chr 22:14; 2Chr 14:8 אַלְפֵי שִׁנְאָן Ps 68:18, compare שִׁנְאָן; בְּהַרֲרֵי אָ֑לֶף Ps 50:10, read אֵל compare Ps 36:7, Ol Bi Che; yet see Hup De. —

Note. 10,000 = עֲשֶׂרֶת אֲלָפִים etc. Judg 1:4; Judg 3:29; 1Kgs 5:28; 1Chr 29:7 +; less often רִבּוֺ, רְבָבָה etc. q. v.

2. a thousand, a company of 1000 men, as united under one superior, or leader, hence ׳(שָׂרֵי) שַׂר א Exod 18:21; Exod 18:25 compare Num 31:14 +; compare יִשְׂרָאֵל ׳רָאשֵׁי א Num 1:16; Num 10:4; Josh 22:21; Josh 22:30 & see below; compare also 1Sam 29:2 especially family, etc. Judg 6:15; 1Sam 10:19 (|| שֵׁבֶט & compare מִשְׁפַּחַת v1Sam 10:21); compare Mic 5:2 — Num 10:36 (רִבְבוֺת אַלְפֵי יִשְׂרָאֵל) Num 31:5; Josh 22:14; 1Sam 23:23 apparently shew transition to this technical use. **[אָלַף] verb denominative Hiph`il Ps 144:13 מַאֲלִיפוֺת producing thousands (subject צאֹן).

BDB9305 H505 H506

אֲלַ֑ף noun masculine 1,000 (= Biblical Hebrew II. אֶ֫לֶף); — absolute ׳א (noun person precedes) Dan 5:1 noun omitted, emphatic אַלְפָּא vDan 5:1 the thousand (just mentioned); construct + plural absolute אֶ֫לֶף אֲלָפִ֯ים Dan 7:10 a thousand thousands (< Qr אַלְפִין K^{§ 51, 2}).

thousand, thousands, hundred, two

ʾelep

hence (the ox's head being the first letter of the alphabet, and this eventually used as a numeral) a thousand

a thousand

as numeral

as a company of men under one leader, troops

וּ שְׁלֹ֥שׁ

וּ

Prefix — connector and (sometimes: but, so, then)

שְׁלֹ֥שׁ

Root word three, thirteen, thirteenth, third, thrice, …

Dictionary form: שָׁלוֹשׁ · shaw-LOHSH

Adjective — Cardinal Number, feminine singular, absolute state a number (one, two, three, …)

In the KJV here: and three

three ×186 and three ×70 and the three ×10 of three ×9 in three ×7 thirteen ×7 the three ×6 were three ×6

More options

three — Standard cardinal number; universally suitable.

thirteen — Use when combined with ten in context.

third — Ordinal use; indicates position or sequence.

triple — Emphasizes threefold grouping or set of three.

thrice

three times — Modern replacement for archaic 'thrice'.

BDB10000 H8532 H7969

תְּלָת noun masculine, תְּלָתָה feminine, three (ᵑ7 Syriac; Biblical Hebrew שָׁלשָֽׁ, שִׁלשָׁה); —

masculine תְּלָת before feminine plural noun Dan 7:5 feminine noun omitted vDan 7:8 vDan 7:20 feminine תְּלָתָה before masculine plural noun after, Dan 3:24; Dan 6:3; Dan 6:11; Dan 6:14, so אָ֯ Ezra 6:4 יוֺם תְּלָתָה Ezra 6:15 third day; suffix תְּלָתֵּהוֺן (K^{§ 65, Anm,1}) Dan 3:23 the three of them.

BDB8762 H7969

שָׁלשׁ, שָׁלוֺשׁ, שְׁלשָׁה₄₃₀ noun masculine and feminine a three, triad (Late Hebrew id.; שלש SI²; שלשן 30 MI²; Phoenician שלש; Assyrian šalaštu, šalatu; Sabean שלתֿ Hom^{Chr 47, 124}, but also תֿלתֿ, etc., Id.^{47, A. u. A. ii. 175} SabDenkm^{No. 31, 8}; Arabic , ; Ethiopic Aramaic תְּלָתָא, ; Nabataean תלת Lzb³⁷⁷; Palmyrene תלת (in תלת מאה) Reckend^{ZMg xiii (1888), 408}; see also Kö^{ii. 1. 208}); —

masculine שָׁלשׁ וֺשׁ- rare, chiefly late), with noun feminine Amos 4:8 + 90 t., also construct שְׁלשׁ Gen 18:6 + 65 t. (but Gen 38:24 read perhaps שְׁלשֶׁת Samaritan, compare Di and others), שְׁלָשֿׁ Exod 21:11 feminine שְׁלשָׁה (וֺשָׁה- rare, chiefly late), with noun masculine Gen 6:10 + 149 t., also construct שְׁלשֶׁת Amos 4:4 + 92 t. (3 + 10 = 13 are additional; on rare exceptions to rule of gender compare Ges^{«GKC:97c»§ 97c}), suffix שְׁלָשְׁתְּכֶם Num 12:4, שְׁלָשְׁתָּם vNum 12:4; Ezek 40:10; Ezek 41:16 — three (Hexateuch chiefly P):

1. no other number:
a. before plural noun, שָׁלשׁ 51 t., e.g. אַמוֺת ׳שׁ Exod 27:1 +, בָּאַמָּה ׳שׁ 1Kgs 7:27, שְׁלשָׁה 90 t., e.g. Gen 18:2 + (so always שְׁלשׁ, שְׁלשֶׁת; read מִשְׁלשֶׁת Gen 38:24 Sam Di; = ׳מִשְּׁ, from מִןֿ); after noun (late: on 1Sam 1:24 see [שִׁלֵּשׁ) 1Chr 25:5 + 17 t.; noun omitted 1Sam 17:4; 2Sam 24:12 = 42 t.
b. = ordinal יָמִים ׳לִשׁ Exod 19:5 on third day; ׳הַיּוֺם שׁ הַיָּמִים 1Sam 9:20, ׳הַיּוֺם הַשּׁ 1Sam 30:13, both = three days ago; especially לְ ׳בִּשְׁנַת שׁ 1Kgs 15:28 + 7 t. (Ges^{«GKC:134o»§ 134o}).

2. 13, with noun feminine: שְׁלשׁ עֶשְׂרֵהשָׁנַה Gen 17:25; 1Kgs 7:1 + (as ordinal) Gen 14:4 ( שְׁלשֿׁ), Jer 1:2; Jer 25:3 before ערים Josh 21:19 after, Josh 19:16 + 3 t., before עִיר Josh 21:33; 1Chr 6:43, אַמּוֺת Ezek 40:11 with noun masculine שְׁלשָׁה עָשָׂר before פָּרִים Num 29:14 after, vNum 29:13 ordinal before יוֺם Esth 3:12; Esth 9:1 after, vEsth 9:17 יוֺם omitted Esth 3:13; Esth 8:12; Esth 9:18 גוֺרָל omitted 1Chr 24:13; 1Chr 25:20; 1Chr 26:11.

3. 300 = שְׁלשׁ מֵאוֺת Gen 5:22 + 59 t. (1Chr 11:11 perhaps intentional change [HPS^Sm] from שְׁמֹנֶה || 2Sam 23:8 which certainly original, Vrss Th We Dr and modern); 3000 = שְׁלשֶׁת אֲלָפִים Exod 32:28 +28 t.

4. c. tens, ׳שׁ following Num 1:43 + 11 t., precedes Lev 12:4 +17 t., + (as ordinal) 3 + 20 Jer 52:30 +3 t.; 20 + 32 Ki Jer 12:7 + 2 t.

5. as round, or conventional, number: 2 (or) 3, Amos 4:8; Deut 17:6; Josh 7:3; 2Kgs 9:32; Isa 17:6 3 (and) 4, Prov 30:15; Prov 30:18; Prov 30:21; Prov 30:29 three days' journey Exod 3:18; Exod 5:3; Exod 8:23, etc.

three, thirteen, thirteenth, third, thrice, …

šālôš

three; occasionally (ordinal) third, or (multiple) thrice

three, triad

3, 300, third

מֵאֽוֹת

Root word hundred, hundreds, hundredth, hundredfold, sixscore, …

Dictionary form: מֵאָה · may-AW

Adjective — Cardinal Number, both plural, absolute state plural — usually add "-s"; a number (one, two, three, …)

In the KJV here: hundred

hundred ×300 an hundred ×76 two hundred ×44 and two hundred ×15 and an hundred ×13 of hundreds ×10 were an hundred ×10 of an hundred ×8

More options

hundred — Standard modern form; use in nearly all contexts.

hundredfold — Use when expressing multiplication or yield ratios.

hundredth — Use for ordinal contexts, e.g., the hundredth year.

a hundred — Adds slight indefinite nuance; natural in narrative prose.

BDB4484 H3967

I. מֵאָה₅₈₃ noun feminine hundred (Late Hebrew id.; MI²⁰ מאתן (dual); SI⁵ מאת, מאתים (dual); Phoenician מאת מאתם (dual); Assyrian mê (probably, Dl^{§ 75}), Tel Amarna mê-at Wkl^{TelAm 20}*; Arabic Sabean מאת מאתם Os^{ZMG x. 1856, 49}; CIS^{iv. i. 6, 4; 46, 6}; מאה Eut^{Sin 457}; Ethiopic ; Aramaic מְאָה, ; Palmyrene תלת מאה 300 Vog^{Palm 6, 4}; Nabataean מאה Eut^{Nab 8, 9}); — ׳מ Gen 6:3 + 144 t.; construct מְאַת Gen 5:3 + 30 t. (on מְאַת Eccl 8:12 see 2 d below); plural absolute מֵאוֺת Gen 5:9 + 324 t. (מֵאֹת only Gen 5:4; Gen 5:30); המאיות Kt 2Kgs 11:4 + 3 t. 2Kgs 11 dual מָאתַיִם (תָ֑יִם-) Gen 11:19 + 76 t. (but 1Sam 18:27 read מֵאָה (מְאַת) ᵐ5 We Dr Kit Bu HPS); — hundred: —

1. as simple number:
a. absolute singular, (I) following by singular of noun enumerated: מֵאָה קְשִׂיטָה Gen 33:19; Josh 24:32 (both E); אִישׁ ׳מ Judg 7:19; 1Kgs 18:13; 2Kgs 4:43 אַמָּה ׳מ 1Kgs 7:2; Ezek 40:19 +; כִּכָּר ׳מ 2Kgs 23:33; 2Chr 25:6; 2Chr 27:5; 2Chr 36:3; Ezra 8:26 אֶלֶף ׳מ = 100,000 1Kgs 20:29 + 6 t. Kings Chronicles; compare also Gen 17:17 (P), 2Sam 8:4; Isa 65:20 (twice in verse), and followed by collective noun רֶכֶב 2Sam 8:4 = 1Chr 18:4, צאֹן 1Kgs 5:3 (2) less often followed by plural מֵאָה שְׁעָרִים Gen 26:12 (J), פְּעָמִים ׳מ 2Sam 24:3 = 1Chr 21:3, נְבִיאִים ׳מ 1Kgs 18:4, etc.; (3) seldom, and late, preceded by plural noun: הָרִמֹּנִים מֵאָה Jer 52:23, אַמּוֺת הַמֵּאָה Ezek 42:2, compare Ezra 2:69; 2Chr 3:16; 2Chr 4:8; 2Chr 29:32 (4) exceptional is מֵאָה לְכִּכָּרִים כְּלֵי כֶסֶף Ezra 8:26 also, with ellipsis, מֵאָה כֶסֶף Deut 22:19 (i.e. shekels); מֵאָה קַיִץ 2Sam 16:1 (i.e. cakes); (5) מֵאָה without noun enumerated, especially = a hundred (men, persons) Judg 20:10 (twice in verse); Amos 5:3 (twice in verse); Lev 26:8 (twice in verse) (H), 1Chr 12:14 ׳מ Prov 17:10 = 100 (blows), Eccl 6:3 = 100 (children), (times). — On Neh 3:1; Neh 12:39 see below
b. absolute dual, (I) foll, by singular, מָאתַיִם אִישׁ 1Sam 18:27; 1Sam 30:10; 2Sam 15:11, לֶחֶם ׳מ 1Sam 25:18; 2Sam 16:1, צִנָּה ׳מ 1Kgs 10:16 = 2Chr 9:15, אֶלֶף ׳מ 1Sam 15:4 +, שָׁנָה ׳מ Gen 11:23 (P); (2) less often followed by plural שְׁקָלִים ׳מ Josh 7:21 (JE), 2Sam 14:26, דְּבֵלִים ׳מ 1Sam 25:18, אֲנָשִׁים ׳מ 1Sam 30:21, compare Ezra 8:4 (3) also preceded by plural noun: ׳עִוִּים מ Gen 32:15, ׳רְחֵלִים מ Gen 32:15 (E), ׳הָרִמּוֺנִים מ 1Kgs 7:20, compare 1Chr 15:8; 2Chr 29:32; Ezra 2:65 (4) with ellipsis כֶּסֶף ׳מ Judg 17:4 (5) as predicate, ׳רָאשֵׁיהֶם מ1Chr 12:32 (33 van d. H).
c. absolute plural ׃מֵא(וֺ)ת — (1) alone, = hundreds, לְמֵאוֺת 1Sam 29:2 by hundreds, so 2Sam 18:4 (both + thousands); especially ׳שָׂרֵי (הַ)מּ captains of (the) hundreds Exod 18:21; Exod 18:25 (E), 2Kgs 11:4; 2Kgs 11:9; 2Kgs 11:10; 2Kgs 11:15 +; (2) multiplied, followed by noun enumerated, in singular: אִישׁ ׳שְׁלשׁ מ Judg 7:6, 300 men, compare vJudg 7:7 vJudg 7:8 vJudg 7:16; Judg 8:4; Exod 12:27 (E), etc.; שָׁנָה ׳אַרְבַּע מ Gen 15:13 (JE) 400 years; אֶלֶף ׳חֲמֵשׁ מ 2Sam 24:9 500,000, compare 2Chr 13:17 רֶכֶב ׳שֵׁשׁ מ Exod 14:7 (J) 600 chariots; אִישׁ שְׁבַע ׳מ Judg 20:15; Judg 20:16 700 men; חָלָל ׳שְׁמֹנֶה מ 2Sam 23:8 800 slain; רֶכֶב ׳תְּשַׁע מ Judg 4:3; Judg 4:13 900 chariots; (3) less often followed by plural noun: שׁוּעָלִים ׳שְׁלשׁ מ Judg 15:4 300 foxes; אֲתוֺנוֺת ׳חֲמֵשׁ מ Job 1:3 500 she-asses, etc.; (4) rare, and chiefly late, after plural noun ׳פִּלַגְשִׁים שְׁלשׁ מ 1Kgs 11:3 300 concubines, compare 1Kgs 7:42 = 2Chr 4:13; 1Chr 4:42; 2Chr 14:8 etc.; after n.collective ׳בָּקָר חֲמֵשׁ מ 2Chr 35:9 (5) rare is בַּשֶּׁקֶל ׳חֲמֵשׁ מ Exod 30:24 (P); (6) ellipsis of n., כֶּסֶף ׳שְׁלשׁ מ Gen 45:22 (E), etc.
d. construct singular, only followed by singular, and late: מְאַתשָֿׁנָה Gen 11:10; Gen 21:5; Gen 25:7 (all P) + 25 t. P, 1Chr 25:9; Esth 1:4 (Dr^{Intr. 124}) (also with other numerals, see 2 below); מְאַ֖ת Eccl 8:12 = 100 times (מֵאָה פְּעָמִיםׅ, sc. פַּעַם, or perhaps only apparently construct (Kö^{ii. 228} compare Ew^{§ 269 b. 279 e}). — Neh 5:11 see 3 below

2. as part of larger number:
a. usually preceding tens and units, (1) with noun expressed once, or not at all, earlier usage, usually with וְ before ten if no unit follows, otherwise without וְ before ten (see Kö^{ii. 218 ff.}): מֵאָה וְעֶשֶׂר שָׂרִים Judg 2:8 שִׁשִּׁים וָשֵׁשׁ כִּכָּר שֵׁשׁ מֵאוֺת 1Kgs 10:14 666 talents, etc. (exceptions are Neh 7:24 and vNeh 7:31); (2) chiefly late, with noun and וְ repeated: שָׁנָה וְעֶשְׂרִים שָׁנָה מֵאָה שָׁנִים וְשֶׁבַע Gen 23:1 (P) (compare ואלף אמה ומאת אמה SI^5.6 Da^{Expos. Times. May, 1898}).
b. less often, following tens and units, chiefly late, with וְ repeated: — עֶשְׂרִים וּמֵאָה Num 7:86 (P); שֶׁבַע וּשְׁלשִׁים וּמְאַת שָׁנָה Exod 6:16 (P), etc.; with noun after ten and after hundred, חָמֵשׁ וְשִׁשִּׁים שָׁנָה וּשְׁלשׁ מֵאוֺת שָׁנָה Gen 5:23(P), etc. — On these usages see, further, Kö^{ii. 217 ff.} Da^{Synt. §§ 36 R. 3, 37} (d) Ges^{§§ 97, 134 and} especially Herner^{Synt. d. Zahlw-rter im AT (1893).}

3. מְאַת הַכֶּסֶף Neh 5:11 = a hundredth part of the money; but read quite possibly מַשַּׁאת the debt (Gei^{Jüd. Zeitschr. viii. 1870, 227 Gr}.)

BDB4490 H3967

מְאָיוֺת Kt see מֵאָה.

מַאֲכָל, מַאֲכֹ֫לַת, מַאֲכֶ֫לֶת see אבל.

[מַאֲמָץ, מַאֲמַצִּים] see אמץ.

[מַאֲמָר] see אָמַר.

BDB9647 H3967 H3969

מ

מְאָה noun feminine hundred (see Biblical Hebrew); — absolute ׳מ after noun enumerator, Ezra 6:17; Ezra 7:22 (4 t. in verse), so ׳אַרְבַּע מ Ezra 6:17, וְעֶשְׂרִין ׳מ Dan 6:1, and dual מָאתַ֫וִן Ezra 6:17.

מאֹזַנְוָא see אזן. מֵאמַר see אמר.

hundred, hundreds, hundredth, hundredfold, sixscore, …

mēʾâ

a hundred; also as a multiplicative and a fraction

hundred

as simple number

Word Breakdown

Vowels & Accents

Grammar C/Ncbsc/Sp3ms

English Options

Brown-Driver-Briggs (BDB)

Strong's Definition H6635

Word Breakdown

Vowels & Accents

Grammar C/Vqsmpc/Sp3mp

Verb Chart

English Options

Brown-Driver-Briggs (BDB)

Strong's Definition H6485

Word Breakdown

Vowels & Accents

Grammar Acmsa

English Options

Brown-Driver-Briggs (BDB)

Strong's Definition H8672

Word Breakdown

Vowels & Accents

Grammar C/Acbpa

English Options

Brown-Driver-Briggs (BDB)

Strong's Definition H2572

Word Breakdown

Vowels & Accents

Grammar Acbsa

English Options

Brown-Driver-Briggs (BDB)

Strong's Definition H505

Word Breakdown

Vowels & Accents

Grammar C/Acfsa

English Options

Brown-Driver-Briggs (BDB)

Strong's Definition H7969

Word Breakdown

Vowels & Accents

Grammar Acbpa

English Options

Brown-Driver-Briggs (BDB)

Strong's Definition H3967

Masoretic Phrasing

KJV