Numbers 31:34

And threescore and one thousand asses,

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Numbers 31:34

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Niqqud

Cantillation

Masoretic Phrasing

The cantillation accents are the Masoretes' punctuation: each group below ends at a pausing accent. Translate a group as one unit.

וַֽחֲמֹרִ֕ים Zaqef Gadol — a strong break אֶחָ֥ד וְשִׁשִּׁ֖ים Tipeha — a lesser break אָֽלֶף Silluq — end of the verse

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Word Parts

וַ ֽחֲמֹרִ֕ים

וַ

Prefix — connector and (sometimes: but, so, then)

ֽחֲמֹרִ֕ים

Root word ass, asses, asss

Dictionary form: חֲמוֹר · huh-MORE

Vowels & Accents

Hebrew Alephbet

Grammar C/Ncbpa

Noun — Common, both plural, absolute state plural — usually add "-s"

וַ	Speech Conjunction
חֲמֹרִים	Speech Noun Type Common Gender Both Number Plural State Absolute

In English

In the KJV here: asses

the ass ×8 an ass ×7 ass ×7 asses ×7 of an ass ×6 and asses ×5 his ass ×5 and the ass ×4

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donkey — Most natural modern English word; universally understood.

burro — Informal/regional; suits pastoral or Southwestern cultural contexts.

pack animal — Functional emphasis; useful when the beast-of-burden role is primary.

mule — Use cautiously — technically a hybrid, but common in casual modern speech.

Brown-Driver-Briggs (BDB)

BDB2893 H2543 H2565

I. חֲמוֺר noun [masculine] heap, absolute ׳ח with dual חֲמֹרָתָ֑יִם (Baer ׳חְִמֹרֹת), as if from חֲמֹרָה; — בִּלְחִי הַחֲמוֺר חֲמוֺר חֲמֹרָתָ֑יִם Judg 15:16 with the ass's jawbone, a heap, two heaps, i.e. so many slain.

חֲמֹרֹתָ֑יִם see I. חֲמוֺר. above

BDB2895 H2543

II. חֲמוֺר noun masculine^{Gen 45:23} (he)-ass (Late Hebrew id. (sometimes female, but this regularly חֲמוֺרָה); Aramaic הֲמָרָא Arabic , Palmyrene חמרא Reckend^{ZMG 1888, 404}; as imêru, Schr^{Cot Gloss}; — name from reddish colour) — absolute חֲמוֺר Gen 22:5 + 43 t.; חֲמֹר Exod 13:13; Deut 22:10 construct חֲמוֺר Exod 23:5 + 4 t.; הֲמֹר Gen 49:14 suffix חֲמֹרְךָ Deut 5:14; Deut 28:31 חֲמֹרֶ֑ךָ Exod 23:12 חֲמֹרוֺ Gen 22:3 + 8 t.; plural חֲמוֺרִים Judg 19:10 + 9 t.; חֲמֹרִים Gen 12:16 + 16 t.; suffix חֲמוֺרֵינוּ Judg 19:19 חֲמֹרֵינוּ Gen 43:18 חֲמוֺרֵיכֶם 1Sam 8:16 חֲמֹרֵיהֶם Gen 34:28 + 4 t.; חֲמוֺרֵיהֶם Josh 9:4 — ass (he-ass; אתון = she-ass) found in all periods (collective only Gen 32:6; Isa 21:7); —

1. as (valuable) property, with oxen, sheep, camels, slaves, etc. Gen 12:16; Gen 24:35; Gen 30:48; Gen 47:17; Exod 9:3 (all J) Exod 20:17 (E), Exod 21:33; Exod 22:8 (twice in verse); Exod 22:9; Exod 23:4; Exod 23:5; Exod 23:12; Num 16:15; Josh 6:21; Josh 7:24 (all J E); note also Exod 13:13 = Exod 34:20 (J E; firstlings belong to ׳י); Gen 36:24; Num 31:28; Num 31:30; Num 31:34; Num 31:39; Num 31:45 (all P); Deut 5:14; Deut 5:18; Deut 22:3; Deut 22:4; Judg 6:4; 1Sam 8:16; 1Sam 12:3; 1Sam 15:3; 1Sam 22:19; 1Sam 27:9; 1Chr 5:21; Ezra 2:67 = Neh 7:68 (Baer), Zech 14:15 collective Gen 32:5 (J; || שׁוֺר), צאֹן, עֶבֶד, שִׁפְחָה, but plural (similar ||) Gen 34:28 (P), Gen 47:17 (J); compare also יְתוֺמִים ׳ח Job 24:3 the orphans' ass (|| שׁוֺר אַלְמָנָה); as knowing its master's crib Isa 1:3 (|| שׁוֺר); found in camp 2Kgs 7:7; 2Kgs 7:10 (both || סוּסִים); as harnessed ׳מֶתֶג לַה Prov 26:3 (|| סוּס).

2. used for riding :
a. by women Exod 4:20 (J), Josh 15:18 (JE) = Judg 1:14; 1Sam 25:20; 1Sam 25:23; 1Sam 25:42, compare 2Chr 28:15.
b. by men 2Sam 16:2; 2Sam 17:23; 2Sam 19:27; 1Kgs 2:40; 1Kgs 13:13 (twice in verse); 1Kgs 13:23; 1Kgs 13:24; 1Kgs 13:27; 1Kgs 13:28 (twice in verse); Isa 21:7; Zech 9:9.
c. צֶמֶד חמורים a pair of asses 2Sam 16:1 (for burdens and for riding); for man and woman Judg 19:3; Judg 19:10; Judg 19:19; Judg 19:21 carrying dead body vJudg 19:28, compare ׳ח 1Kgs 13:29.

3. beast of burden Gen 22:3; Gen 22:5 (compare vGen 22:6), Gen 42:26; Gen 42:27; Gen 45:23 (all E) Gen 43:18; Gen 43:24; Gen 44:3; Gen 44:13 (all J), Josh 9:4 (JE), 1Sam 25:18; 1Chr 12:41; Neh 13:15(compare also ׳צֶמֶד ח 2Sam 16:1 above); metaphor of Issachar נָּ֑רֶם ׳ח Gen 49:14 (poem), an ass of (strong) bones. — לֶחֶם ׳ח 1Sam 16:20 read probably חֲמִשָּׁה five, or better עֲשָׂרָה ten, see We Dr.

4. used in tillage Isa 32:20 not to be used in ploughing with an ox (שׁוֺר) Deut 22:10.

5. parts of body of ass mentioned are: ׳לְחִי ח Judg 15:15; Judg 15:16 jawbone, Samson's weapon; ׳ראֹשׁ ח 2Kgs 6:25 eaten in famine; ׳בְּשַׂר ה Ezek 23:20 genital organ of ass (contemptuous simile)

6. ׳קְבוּרַת ה Jer 22:19 burial of an ass, in figure of ignominious treatment of a corpse.

Strong's Definition H2543

ass, asses, asss

ḥămôr

a male ass (from its dun red)

(he)ass

Variations 43 forms of this word

Translations 42 English renderings

Ass Donkey

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Word Parts

אֶחָ֥ד

Root word one, first, another, other, any, …

Dictionary form: אֶחָד · eh-HAWD

Vowels & Accents

Hebrew Alephbet

Grammar Acmsa

Adjective — Cardinal Number, masculine singular, absolute state a number (one, two, three, …)

אֶחָד

Speech Adjective Type Cardinal Number Gender Masculine Number Singular State Absolute

In English

In the KJV here: and one

one ×324 and one ×64 a ×34 of one ×33 in one ×27 the one ×24 and the other ×21 of the one ×21

More options

one — Core cardinal number; the default choice in most contexts.

a — Indefinite article sense; use when אֶחָד functions as 'a/an'.

a single — Emphasizes unity or uniqueness; good for contrast or stress.

each — Distributive sense; use when individuality within a group is meant.

together — Collective or unified sense; suits phrases like 'as one body'.

once — Temporal sense; use when referring to a single occurrence or time.

Brown-Driver-Briggs (BDB)

BDB281 H259

אֶחָד₉₆₂ adjective number one (Phoenician אחד, Sabean id., compare DHM^{ZMG 1876, 707}, Arabic , Ethiopic Aramaic חַד, ; on Assyrian edu, a—adu, compare Dl^{W No. 139}) — absolute׳א Gen 1:5 + construct אַחַ֫ד Gen 21:15 +; so even before preposition 1Sam 9:3 and elsewhere see Dr; feminine absolute אַחַ֫ת Gen 2:21 +; אֶחָ֑ת Gen 11:1 +; construct אַחַ֫ת Deut 13:13 +; plural masculine אֲחָדִים Gen 11:1 + 4:t.; חַד Ezek 33:30 strike out Co compare ᵐ5; —

1. one Gen 1:9; Gen 27:38; Gen 27:45; Exod 12:49; Josh 23:10; 1Sam 1:24; 2Sam 12:3 +, Zech 14:9; Mal 2:10; Job 31:15 +, so also (emphatic) 2Sam 17:3 for ᵑ0 אֲשֶׁר ᵐ5 We Dr; one or two לֹא לְיוֺם אֶחָד וְלֹא לִשְׁנַיִם Ezra 10:13 as substantive followed by מִן Gen 2:21; Lev 4:2; Lev 4:13; Isa 34:16 +; ׳הָא Gen 19:9; Gen 42:13; Gen 42:32; 2Kgs 6:3; 2Kgs 6:5 +; one and the same Gen 40:5; Job 31:15 plural דְּבָרִים אֲחָדִים Gen 11:1 compare Ezek 37:17 (absolute), but see Co; = few, a few ׳יָמִים א Gen 27:44; Gen 29:20; Dan 11:20 כְּאִישׁ אֶחָד as one man, together Judg 20:8; 1Sam 11:7 also כְּאֶחָד late = Aramaic כַּחֲדָא Ezra 2:64 (= Neh 7:66) Ezra 3:9; Ezra 6:20; Eccl 11:6 see especially Isa 65:25 (|| earlier יַחְדֶּו Isa 11:6; Isa 11:7).

2. = each, every Exod 36:30; Num 7:3; Num 7:85; Num 28:21; 1Kgs 4:7; 2Kgs 15:20 +; also repeated, distributive sense Num 7:11; Num 13:2; Num 17:21; Josh 3:12; Josh 4:2; Josh 4:4.

3. = a certain 1Sam 1:1; 2Sam 18:10; 2Kgs 4:1; Esth 3:8 + compare 2Sam 17:9 see Dr 1Sam 1:1 hence

4. = indefinite article 1Sam 6:7; 1Sam 24:15; 1Sam 26:20 (but strike out ᵐ5 We Dr) 1Kgs 19:4; 1Kgs 19:5 +.

5. only 1Kgs 4:19 & (feminine) once 2Kgs 6:10; Ps 62:12; Ps 89:36 (once for all); אַחַת לְשָׁלוֺשׁ שָׁנִים 2Chr 9:21, בַּשָּׁנָה ׳א Lev 16:34 compare Job 40:5, פַּעַם אֶחָ֑ת Josh 6:3; Josh 6:11 compare vJosh 6:14, בְּאַחַת Num 10:4; Job 33:14 at once בְּאֶחָ֑ת Prov 28:18 compare וְאִנָּקְמֶה נְקַםאַֿחַת Judg 16:28.

**Num 10:4 בְּאַחַת is rather 'in one (of the trumpets)'; Job 33:14 it = in one way; Prov 28:18 read probably with ᵑ6 Lag Dy Bi בַּשָּׁ֑חַת; Judg 16:28 is rather 'vengeance for one of my two eyes' (see GFM). Jer 10:8 בְּאַחַת probably = in one, altogether. אחד.

6. one . . . another, the one . . . the other ׳֗֗֗ א ׳א Exod 17:12; Exod 18:3; Exod 18:4; Amos 4:7; 2Sam 12:1; Jer 24:2; 2Chr 3:17; Neh 4:11 +; 2Sam 14:6 read הָאֶחָד אֶתאָֿחִיו for האחד אתהֿאחד ᵐ5 We Dr; one after another, one by one, לְאַחַד אֶחָד Isa 27:12 compare Eccl 7:27.

7. as ordinal, first (mostly P & late) Gen 1:5 (P) Gen 2:11 (J) Exod 39:10 (P); absolute Job 42:14, Ezek 10:14 especially of first day of month Exod 40:2 (P) Ezra 3:6; Ezra 10:16; Ezra 10:17; Neh 8:2; Hag 1:1 first year, שְׁנַת אַחַת 2Chr 36:22; Ezra 1:1; Dan 1:21; Dan 9:1; Dan 9:2; Dan 11:1 compare first (day, יוֺם omitted) Gen 8:5; Gen 8:13 בְּאֶחָד לַחֹדֶשׁ; so Exod 40:17; Lev 23:24; Num 1:18; Num 29:1; Num 33:38 (all P) Deut 1:3; 2Chr 29:17; Ezra 7:9 (twice in verse); Ezek 26:1; Ezek 29:17; Ezek 31:1; Ezek 32:1; Ezek 45:18.

8. in combin.,
a. אַחַד עָשָׂר eleven (compare עָשָׂר, עַשְׁתֵּי) Gen 32:23; Gen 37:9 (JE) Deut 1:2 so אַחַתעֶֿשְׂרֵה Josh 15:51 (P) 2Kgs 23:36; 2Kgs 24:18; 2Chr 36:5; 2Chr 36:11; Jer 52:1 (precedes noun, except Josh 15:51 as ordinal, eleventh אַחַת עֶשְׂרֵה שָׁנָה Ezek 30:20; Ezek 31:1 compare 1Kgs 6:38; 2Kgs 9:29
b. with other numerals, as cardinal אֶחָד וְאַרְבָּעִים אֶלֶף וַחֲמֵשׁ מֵאוֺת Num 1:41 compare Num 2:16; Num 2:28; Num 31:34; Num 31:39 (all P; ׳א precedes other numeral); but אַרְבָּיִם וְאַחַת שָׁנָה (׳א following) 1Kgs 14:21; 1Kgs 15:10; 2Kgs 14:23; 2Chr 12:13 compare 2Kgs 22:1 = 2Chr 34:1; 2Kgs 24:18 = Jer 52:1 = 2Chr 36:11; Josh 12:24 (D) Isa 30:17; Ezra 2:26 = Neh 7:30 compare vNeh 7:37; Dan 10:13 as ordinal בְּאַחַת וְשֵׁשׁ מֵאוֺת שָׁנָה Gen 8:13 (P) Exod 12:18 (P), 1Chr 24:17; 1Chr 25:28; 2Chr 16:13 (׳א preceding); but 1Kgs 16:23; Hag 2:1 (׳א following).

BDB9284 H259

אחד (√ of following; see Biblical Hebrew אֶחָד.

BDB9285 H259

חַד adjective one, a; — masculine singular ׳ח Dan 2:31+; feminine singular חֲדָה Ezra 4:8 +; —

1. one side Dan 7:5 noun omitted Dan 6:3 חֲדָה Dan 2:9 = one and invariable (inevitable); כַּחֲדָה vDan 2:35 as one, altogether (so S-C^{K 3} ᵑ7, and late Biblical Hebrew כְּאֶחָד Ezra 2:64 +); = ordinal, שְׁנַת חֲדָה first year Ezra 7:1; Ezra 5:13; Ezra 6:3 ׳ח = a certain one (τινὰ) Dan 7:16 (with מִן partitive).

2. a (indefinite article) with substantive Dan 2:31; Dan 6:18; Dan 4:16 (see שָׁעָה), Ezra 4:8; Ezra 6:2, חַד שִׁדְעָךְ Dan 3:19 = seven-fold (as Syriac: Nö^{§ 241 PS 1194}; compare Exod 16:5 ᵑ6), see K^{§ 66, 2}.

Strong's Definition H259

one, first, another, other, any, …

ʾeḥād

properly, united, i.e., one; or (as an ordinal) first

one (number)

one (number)

Variations 52 forms of this word

Translations 195 English renderings

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Word Parts

וְ שִׁשִּׁ֖ים

וְ

Prefix — connector and (sometimes: but, so, then)

שִׁשִּׁ֖ים

Root word threescore, sixty

Dictionary form: שִׁשִּׁים · shish-SHEEM

Vowels & Accents

Hebrew Alephbet

Grammar C/Acbpa

Adjective — Cardinal Number, both plural, absolute state plural — usually add "-s"; a number (one, two, three, …)

וְ	Speech Conjunction
שִׁשִּׁים	Speech Adjective Type Cardinal Number Gender Both Number Plural State Absolute

In English

In the KJV here: and threescore

and threescore ×19 threescore ×11 sixty ×7 was threescore ×4 sixty and ×3 were threescore ×3 of them threescore ×2 of them were threescore ×2

More options

sixty — Standard modern cardinal number; universally preferred.

sixty-fold — Use when expressing multiplication or ratio contexts.

sixtieth — Use as ordinal form when indicating position or rank.

six dozen — Informal register; highlights grouping of twelve.

Brown-Driver-Briggs (BDB)

BDB8490 H8346

שִׁשִּׁים₅₉ noun indeclinable sixty; — before singular noun: city Deut 3:4 + 4 t., cubit 1Kgs 6:2; Ezek 40:14, man 2Kgs 25:19 = Jer 52:25, day Lev 12:5, etc.; plural noun בָּנוֺת 2Chr 11:21, compare Song 3:7 after plural noun Num 7:88 (3 t. in verse); 2Chr 3:3; 2Chr 11:21 +; שִׁשִּׁים אֶלֶף 2Chr 12:3 +; ׳שׁ following units Gen 5:15 + 12 t.; ׳שׁ precedes unit Isa 7:8 + 12 t.; ׳שׁ following 100 (1000) Ezra 8:10 + 11 t.; precedes Gen 5:18 = 8 t.

Strong's Definition H8346

threescore, sixty

šiššîm

sixty

sixty, three score

Variations 5 forms of this word

Translations 15 English renderings

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Word Parts

אָֽלֶף

Root word thousand, thousands, hundred, two

Dictionary form: אֶלֶף · eh-LEP

Vowels & Accents

Hebrew Alephbet

Grammar Acbsa

Adjective — Cardinal Number, both singular, absolute state a number (one, two, three, …)

אָֽלֶף

Speech Adjective Type Cardinal Number Gender Both Number Singular State Absolute

In English

In the KJV here: thousand

thousand ×332 a thousand ×56 two thousand ×18 of thousands ×13 and a thousand ×9 over thousands ×6 and two thousand ×5 of the thousands ×4

More options

thousand — Standard modern rendering; suits most contexts.

thousands — Use for plural forms or large collective quantities.

unit of a thousand — Clarifies exact numeric sense in technical passages.

contingent — Military/tribal subdivision; prefer in census or battle lists.

clan — Social unit sense; fits tribal-organization contexts.

troop — Informal military grouping; vivid in narrative battle scenes.

Brown-Driver-Briggs (BDB)

BDB504 H503 H505

II. אֶ֫לֶף noun masculine^{Judg 6:15} thousand (אלף MI, SI, Sabean DHM^{ZMG 1875, 615}; Arabic , Aramaic , אֲלַף, אלפיא) — ׳) א׳(אָ֑ Gen 20:16 +; suffix אַלְפִּי Judg 6:15 dual אַלְפַּיִם Num 4:36 +; plural אֲלָפִים Exod 18:21 +; construct אַלְפֵי Exod 32:28 +; אֲלָפֶיךָ Deut 7:13 + 2 t.; אֲלָפָיו Qr 1Sam 18:7 + 2 t. (Kt פֿו) — a thousand.

1. numeral:
a. used with noun alone; mostly before noun Num 35:4; Josh 7:3; Neh 3:13; 1Chr 18:4 +; after noun (late) 1Chr 12:35 + 6 t. Chronicles Ezra Nehemiah; בָּאַפָּה ׳א Num 35:5 (4 t. in verse); Ezek 47:3 (strike out Co); the noun always plural when preceding, sometimes when following, 1Sam 25:2; 1Kgs 3:4; 2Kgs 18:23 = Isa 36:8; 2Chr 30:24; Ps 90:4; Job 42:12; Eccl 6:6 elsewhere singular אישׁ Judg 9:49; Judg 15:15; Judg 15:16; Josh 7:3 +; אַמָּה Num 35:4 + (so SI); דּוֺר Deut 7:9 +, compare 1Chr 18:4; 1Chr 19:6; 2Kgs 15:19; Job 42:12; Song 4:4; Isa 7:23, noun sometimes collective; ׳א plural construct Mic 6:7; Ps 119:72; Gen 24:60 noun not expressed (or not fully) Gen 20:16; Num 31:5; Num 31:6 +; distributive אֶלֶף ֗֗֗ אֶלֶף Num 31:4 multiplicative Deut 1:11 פְּעָמִים ׳א; indefinite for great number (plural) Exod 20:6; Exod 34:7; Deut 5:10; Jer 32:18, (singular) Deut 32:30; Eccl 6:6 +.
b. ׳א + other number usually precedes it Exod 38:25 + often; but following רִבּוֺא Ezra 2:64 + 2 t.; it follows also smaller number Num 3:50; 1Kgs 5:12 (so SI); the noun following in singular Exod 28:25 + 8 t.; plural 2Sam 8:4 + 2 t.; noun precedes, in plural (late) Dan 12:12 + 2 t.; noun not expressed Exod 38:28 + often
c. ׳א X other number always following Exod 12:37 +; usual order is no. X ׳א + additional no. (if any) + noun (if expressed) Num 31:52; Judg 20:35 compare Exod 12:37; 2Kgs 3:4 (twice in verse) +; less often noun + no. X ׳א Num 31:33; 1Kgs 8:63 +; (other combinations see Exod 38:26; Num 26:51; Num 31:32; Ezek 48:30; 1Chr 29:7 etc.); ׳א usually singular Num 11:21 +; except after units, where plural absolute Num 1:46; Judg 20:34 + (so MI); seldom plural construct Exod 32:28; Judg 4:10; Job 1:3 (twice in verse); (noun mostly singular when following Judg 4:10; 1Kgs 12:21+, yet plural Josh 4:13; 1Sam 13:5 +; when preceding it is plural 1Chr 5:21 +, or collective Num 31:33; 1Sam 25:2; 1Kgs 8:63; 2Chr 7:5 +); אֶלֶף אֲלָפִים 1Chr 21:5; 1Chr 22:14; 2Chr 14:8 אַלְפֵי שִׁנְאָן Ps 68:18, compare שִׁנְאָן; בְּהַרֲרֵי אָ֑לֶף Ps 50:10, read אֵל compare Ps 36:7, Ol Bi Che; yet see Hup De. —

Note. 10,000 = עֲשֶׂרֶת אֲלָפִים etc. Judg 1:4; Judg 3:29; 1Kgs 5:28; 1Chr 29:7 +; less often רִבּוֺ, רְבָבָה etc. q. v.

2. a thousand, a company of 1000 men, as united under one superior, or leader, hence ׳(שָׂרֵי) שַׂר א Exod 18:21; Exod 18:25 compare Num 31:14 +; compare יִשְׂרָאֵל ׳רָאשֵׁי א Num 1:16; Num 10:4; Josh 22:21; Josh 22:30 & see below; compare also 1Sam 29:2 especially family, etc. Judg 6:15; 1Sam 10:19 (|| שֵׁבֶט & compare מִשְׁפַּחַת v1Sam 10:21); compare Mic 5:2 — Num 10:36 (רִבְבוֺת אַלְפֵי יִשְׂרָאֵל) Num 31:5; Josh 22:14; 1Sam 23:23 apparently shew transition to this technical use. **[אָלַף] verb denominative Hiph`il Ps 144:13 מַאֲלִיפוֺת producing thousands (subject צאֹן).

BDB9305 H505 H506

אֲלַ֑ף noun masculine 1,000 (= Biblical Hebrew II. אֶ֫לֶף); — absolute ׳א (noun person precedes) Dan 5:1 noun omitted, emphatic אַלְפָּא vDan 5:1 the thousand (just mentioned); construct + plural absolute אֶ֫לֶף אֲלָפִ֯ים Dan 7:10 a thousand thousands (< Qr אַלְפִין K^{§ 51, 2}).

Strong's Definition H505

thousand, thousands, hundred, two

ʾelep

hence (the ox's head being the first letter of the alphabet, and this eventually used as a numeral) a thousand

a thousand

as numeral

as a company of men under one leader, troops

Variations 41 forms of this word

Translations 52 English renderings

Numbers 31:33

Read Numbers 31

Numbers 31:35