Numbers 34:10

וְהִתְאַוִּיתֶ֥ם לָכֶ֖ם לִגְב֣וּל קֵ֑דְמָה מֵֽחֲצַ֥ר עֵינָ֖ן שְׁפָֽמָה
And ye shall point out your east border from Hazar-enan to Shepham:
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Numbers 34:10
Masoretic Phrasing
The cantillation accents are the Masoretes' punctuation: each group below ends at a pausing accent. Translate a group as one unit.
וְהִתְאַוִּיתֶ֥ם לָכֶ֖ם Tipeha — a lesser break לִגְב֣וּל קֵ֑דְמָה Etnahta — the verse's main pause — take a breath here מֵֽחֲצַ֥ר עֵינָ֖ן Tipeha — a lesser break שְׁפָֽמָה Silluq — end of the verse
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Word Parts
וְ הִתְאַוִּיתֶ֥ם
וְ
Prefix — connector and (sometimes: but, so, then)
הִתְאַוִּיתֶ֥ם
Root word out
Dictionary form: אָוָה · aw-WAW
Vowels & Accents
Hebrew Alephbet
Grammar C/Vtq2mp
Verb — Hithpael, Sequential Perfect (Weqatal), second person masculine plural reflexive — "he did it to / for himself" carries the story forward — try "and he will ___" the built-in subject is "you (a group)"
וְ Speech Conjunction
הִתְאַוִּיתֶם Speech Verb Stem Hithpael Type Sequential Perfect (Weqatal) Person Second Person Gender Masculine Number Plural
In English
In the KJV here: and ye shall point out
and ye shall point out ×1
More options
mark out — General term for designating or delineating a boundary.
indicate — Neutral, precise; good for boundary or location contexts.
designate — Formal register; suits official or legal demarcation.
point to — Vivid, directional; emphasizes the act of specifying a spot.
trace out — Suggests drawing or following a line or border.
Brown-Driver-Briggs (BDB)

BDB182 H184

BDB181 | BIBLICAL HEBREW | BDB183

II. [אָוָה] verb sign, mark, describe with a mark (so Ges (who compares תאה, תוה) DlPr 116 (not W)) only Hithpa`el Perfect הִתְאַוִּיתֶם לָכֶם mark you out, measure, Num 34:10 (P), so Vrss (compare תְּתָאוּ לָכֶם vNum 34:7 vNum 34:8 see however Di, & below I. אוה).

Strong's Definition H184
out
ʾāwâ
to extend or mark out
  • to sign, mark, describe with a mark
    • (Hithpael) to measure, mark out, mark you out
Variations 1 forms of this word
Translations 1 English renderings
Word Parts
לָ כֶ֖ם
לָ
Preposition to, for
כֶ֖ם
Suffix — pronoun your / you (a group)
Vowels & Accents
Hebrew Alephbet
Grammar R/Sp2mp
Preposition
לָ Speech Preposition
כֶם Speech Suffix Type Pronominal Person Second Person Gender Masculine Number Plural
In English
it ×144 him ×95 them ×83 thee ×59 me ×53 unto him ×35 you ×28 he ×22
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Word Parts
לִ גְב֣וּל
לִ
Prefix — preposition to, for
גְב֣וּל
Root word border, coast, coasts, borders, bound, …
Dictionary form: גְּבוּל · ɡeh-BOOL
Vowels & Accents
Hebrew Alephbet
Grammar R/Ncmsa
Noun — Common, masculine singular, absolute state
לִ Speech Preposition
גְבוּל Speech Noun Type Common Gender Masculine Number Singular State Absolute
In English
In the KJV here: border
the border ×45 and the border ×38 border ×13 and the coast ×12 the coasts ×11 the coast ×10 thy borders ×8 the borders ×7
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boundary — Most versatile modern term; fits legal and geographical contexts.
border — Good for political or national frontiers; modernizes KJV directly.
territory — Emphasizes the region enclosed, not just the line.
limit — Prefer when stressing a constraint or endpoint.
landmark — Use for a physical marker defining a boundary.
frontier — Suits contexts of contested or outer edges of a land.
Brown-Driver-Briggs (BDB)

BDB1431 H1366

BDB1430 | BIBLICAL HEBREW | BDB1432

(ה)גבול Josh 15:47 Kt; read הַגָּדוֺל Vrss. Manuscripts compare vJosh 15:12.

BDB1437 H1366

BDB1436 | BIBLICAL HEBREW | BDB1438

גְּבוּל240 noun masculineNum 34:3 border, boundary, territory (Late Hebrew id., Punic gubulim (plural, PlautPoen. i. 9) — גָּבוּל Gen 10:19 + 168 t. + Josh 15:47 Kt (but read Qr גָּדוֺל); גְּבֻל Num 21:13 + 9 t.; (both, in absolute & construct, e.g. absolute Num 22:36; Num 34:8, construct Gen 10:19; 2Sam 21:5); suffix גְּבוּלִי 1Chr 4:10, גְּבוּלְךָ Exod 7:27, גְבֻלְךָ Exod 23:31 + 3 t., etc.; plural (8 t.) only suffix גְּבוּלֶיךָ Jer 15:13; Jer 17:3, etc.; —

1. border, boundary,
  a. of a land or people: Canaanites Gen 10:19 (J), Edom Num 20:23; Josh 15:1; Josh 15:21 (all P) compare Obad 1:7, Amorites Num 21:13 (E) Josh 13:4 (D) compare Josh 12:5 (D) Judg 1:36, Moab Num 21:13; Num 21:15; Num 22:36 (E) Num 33:44 (P) Deut 2:18; Judg 11:18 (twice in verse); 2Kgs 3:21; Isa 15:8, Ammon Num 21:24 (E) Deut 3:16; Josh 12:2; Josh 13:10 (all D) Amos 1:3, Bashan Josh 12:4 (D), Egypt 1Kgs 5:1 = 2Chr 9:26; Isa 19:19 especially of promised land Exod 23:31; Exod 34:24 (JE) Num 34:3 + 13 t. Num 34 (all P) Deut 11:24; Deut 12:20; Deut 16:4; Josh 1:4 (D), compare Ezek 45:1 10 t. Ezek 45-48; also of Israel 2Kgs 14:25; Amos 6:2; Mal 1:5.
  b. boundary of smaller divisions, e.g. Geshurites Deut 3:14; Josh 12:5; Josh 13:11 (all D), compare Josh 16:2; Josh 16:3 (J) Josh 19:12 (P); especially of tribes of Israel Deut 3:16; Deut 3:17; Josh 13:30 (all D) Josh 13:16 + 60 t. Josh 13-19 (P); — Josh 15:47 read גדול see above; Josh 22:25 (P) & Josh 17:8; Josh 18:11; Josh 24:30 (JE), compare 1Chr 6:39; 1Chr 6:51; 2Chr 11:13; Ezek 48:1 + 15 t. Ezek 48 (including vEzek 48:22 vEzek 48:22 q. strike out Co); — in 1Sam 13:18 read for גְּבוּל, הַגֶּבַע ᵐ5 We Dr.
  c. boundary of territory belonging to an individual, — of field, piece of ground, etc. Gen 23:17 (P) Deut 19:14; Deut 27:17; Josh 24:30 (E) = Judg 2:9; 1Chr 4:10; Prov 15:25; Prov 22:28; Prov 23:10; Hos 5:10.
  d. border of stream Num 22:36.
  e. limit to waters of deep Ps 104:9 compare Jer 5:22. feminine a concrete object marking limit, (α) barrier in Ezekiel's temple Ezek 40:12 (strike out ᵐ5 ᵑ6 Co) vEzek 40:12 (β) border of altar Ezek 43:13; Ezek 43:17; Ezek 43:20 (γ) surrounding wall of restored Zion Isa 54:12 (so ᵐ5 Ew Kn Che; De Brd territory, Di undecided).
2. territory (enclosed within boundary),
  a. of land or people Gen 47:21 (J) Exod 7:27 (P) Exod 10:4; Exod 10:14 (|| ארץ) vExod 10:19; Exod 13:7 (all J), Num 20:16; Num 20:17; Num 20:21; Num 21:22 (E; || ארץ) = Judg 11:20; Num 21:23 (E) Deut 2:4; Deut 19:3 (אַרְצְךָ ׳גּ) vDeut 19:8; Deut 28:40; Josh 18:5 (twice in verse) (E) Judg 11:22; Judg 19:29; 2Sam 21:5; 1Kgs 1:3; 2Kgs 10:32; 1Chr 21:12 (|| ארץ) Ps 105:31 (= ארץ in || Ezek 8:16; Ezek 8:17) vEzek 8:33; Ezek 147:14; Jer 31:17; Ezek 11:10; Ezek 11:11; Joel 4:6; Zeph 2:8.
  b. territory of a city (or limit of such territory) Num 35:26; Num 35:27; Josh 13:26; Judg 1:18 (3 t. in verse); Ezek 47:16 (twice in verse); Ezek 47:17 (twice in verse) (strike out ᵐ5 Co) Ezek 48:1; Amos 6:2.
  c. territory about Ezekiel's temple Ezek 43:12.
  d. plural in like sense (only use of plural), of land Mic 5:5; Isa 60:18 (|| ארץ) Jer 15:13; Jer 17:13, of city 1Sam 5:6; 2Kgs 15:16; 2Kgs 18:8 so Ezek 27:4 of Tyre.
  e. figurative territory (region) of darkness Job 38:20 territory of wickedness Mal 1:4 (of Edom); territory of his holiness Ps 78:54 (of Canaan).

Strong's Definition H1366
border, coast, coasts, borders, bound, …
gĕbûl
properly, a cord (as twisted), i.e., (by implication) a boundary; by extension the territory inclosed
  • border, territory
    • border
      • "territory (enclosed within boundary)"region, territory (of darkness) (figuratively)
Variations 48 forms of this word
Translations 72 English renderings
Border
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Word Parts
קֵ֑דְמָ ה
קֵ֑דְמָ
Root word a name — transliterate it ("Your east")
ה
Suffix — direction direction — "to / toward ___"
Dictionary form: קֶדֶם · keh-DEM
Vowels & Accents
Hebrew Alephbet
Grammar Ncmsa/Sd
Noun — Common, masculine singular, absolute state
קֵדְמָ Speech Noun Type Common Gender Masculine Number Singular State Absolute
ה Speech Suffix Type Directional He
In English
In the KJV here: your east
of old ×13 of the east ×11 eastward ×9 on the east ×5 on the east side ×3 the east ×3 toward the east ×3 before ×2
More options
east — Primary spatial sense; direction of sunrise.
ancient times — Temporal sense; referring to the remote past.
of old — Slightly elevated but still current; poetic temporal use.
former — Adjectival temporal sense; 'former days/times'.
the east side — Precise spatial sense in boundary or tabernacle contexts.
antiquity — Abstract noun; suits philosophical or hymnic passages.
Brown-Driver-Briggs (BDB)

BDB7303 H6924

BDB7302 | BIBLICAL HEBREW | BDB7304

קֶ֫דֶם noun [masculine] front, east, aforetime; — absolute׳ק Deut 33:27 +, קֶ֑קֶם Judg 8:10 +; construct קֶדֶם Prov 8:22 once plural construct קַדְמֵי vProv 8:23 —

1. location
  a. front, ׳מִקּ Isa 9:11 from the front (i.e. East), in front (opposed to מֵאָחוֺר), ׳אָחוֺר וָק Ps 139:5 behind and before; אֶהֳלֹךְ ׳ק Job 23:8 I go forward (opposed to אָחוֺר)
  b. East: ׳הַרהַֿקּ Gen 10:30 (J) mount of the East; ׳בְּנֵיקֿ = dwellers in the east, tribes east or northeast of Canaan Gen 29:1 (E), Judg 6:3; Judg 6:33; Judg 7:12; Judg 8:10; 1Kgs 5:10; Isa 11:14; Jer 49:28; Ezek 25:4; Ezek 25:10; Job 1:3 ׳הַרְרֵי ק Num 23:7, see Di Sachau: Reise (1883), 159 ff.165 ff. Dr in Hast.PETHOS; ׳אֶרֶץ ק Gen 25:6 (J); מָֽלְאוּ מִקֶּדֶם Isa 2:6 they are full from the east (insert probablyקֶסֶם, מִקְסָם, or < קֹסְמִים before ׳מִקּ, compare Lo De Du CheHpt Di-Kit); elsewhere ׳מִקּ =eastward: (I) in the east Gen 2:8 (2) on the eastern (side) Gen 12:8 (J) Zech 14:4 לְ ׳מִקּ on the east of Gen 3:24 (J), Gen 12:8 (J), Num 34:1l (P), Josh 7:2 (JE), Judg 8:11; Ezek 11:23 = Jonah 4:5 (3) eastward, with verb of motion Gen 11:2; Gen 13:11 (both J).
2. temporal, ancient time, aforetime:
  a. ׳הַרְרֵי ק Deut 33:15 ancient mountains, compare ׳אֱלֹהֵי ק vDeut 33:27, ׳מַלְכֵיקֿ Isa 19:11, ׳בִּשְׁמֵי שְׁמֵיקֿ Ps 68:34.
  b. ׳כִּימֵי ק Ps 44:2 in ancient days; compare ׳מִימֵי ק from of old Isa 23:7; Mic 7:20; Lam 1:7; Lam 2:17; Isa 37:26 = ׳לְמִימֵי ק) 2Kgs 19:25 (see מִן 9b (2)); ׳כִּימֵי ק Isa 51:9; Jer 46:26 ׳יַרְחֵי ק Job 29:2 months of old.
  c. ׳מִקּ from of old Mic 5:1; Isa 45:21; Isa 46:10; Hab 1:12; Neh 12:46; Ps 77:12 ׳מִנִּיק 7; Ps 8:2 springing out of, derived from, ancient times (compare Dr); ׳יָמִים מִקּ Ps 77:6; Ps 143:5 days from of old.
  d. ׳ק alone, as adverb anciently, of old Ps 74:2; Ps 119:152 ׳כְּק Jer 30:20; Lam 5:21 ׳ישֵׁב ק Ps 55:20 he that sitteth (enthroned from) of old.
  e. beginning, מִקַּדְמֵיאָֿ֑רֶץ Prov 8:23 from the beginnings of the earth; מִפְעָלָיו ׳ק Prov 8:22 the beginning of his works (|| רֵאשִׁית).

BDB7305 H6924

BDB7304 | BIBLICAL HEBREW | BDB7306

[קֵ֫דֶם], with ה locative I. קֵ֫דְמָה adverb eastward, to, toward, the east; — Gen 25:6 (J), Lev 1:16; Lev 16:14; Num 34:3; Num 34:11; Num 34:15; Josh 19:12; Josh 19:13 (all P), 1Kgs 7:39 = 2Chr 4:10; 1Kgs 17:3 = 2Kgs 13:17; Ezek 8:16 (twice in verse); + north, south, west, Gen 13:14; Gen 28:14 (both J), Num 2:3; Num 3:28; Num 10:5 (north, west, in ᵐ5), Num 34:10 (all P); also as noun after פְּאַת = eastern side, Exod 27:13; Exod 38:13 (both P), + W Ezek 45:7 (strike out Co; read קֶדֶם Berthol Toy Krae), + north, south, west, Num 35:5; Josh 18:20 so ׳גְּבוּל ק Josh 15:5 (all P).

BDB7308 H6929 H6924

BDB7307 | BIBLICAL HEBREW | BDB7309

II. קֵ֑דְמָה proper name, masculine Κεδ(ε)μα, son of Ishmael Gen 25:15 = 1Chr 1:31. — I. ׳ק see [קֵדֶם]. above

Strong's Definition H6924
east, old, eastward, ancient, side, …
qedem
the front, of place (absolutely, the fore part, relatively the East) or time (antiquity); often used adverbially (before, anciently, eastward)
  • (n m) east, antiquity, front, that which is before, aforetime
    • front, from the front or east, in front, mount of the East
      • "ancient time, aforetime, ancient, from of old, earliest time"anciently, of old (adverb)"beginning"east
    (adv) eastward, to or toward the East
Variations 13 forms of this word
Translations 43 English renderings
East
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Word Parts
מֵ ֽחֲצַ֥ר
מֵ
Prefix — preposition from, out of
ֽחֲצַ֥ר
Root word a name — transliterate it
Dictionary form: חֲצַר עֵינָן · huh-TSAHR ay-NAWN
Vowels & Accents
Hebrew Alephbet
Grammar R/Np
Noun — Proper Name
מֵ Speech Preposition
חֲצַר Speech Noun Type Proper Name
In English
at hazar-enan ×1 from hazar-enan ×1 hazar-enan ×1
More options
Hazar-enan — Standard modern spelling; preferred in most translations.
Hazar-enon — Alternate spelling; used in Ezekiel (NIV, NRSV).
Hazer-enan — Less common variant spelling found in some editions.
Brown-Driver-Briggs (BDB)

BDB3053 H2703 H2704

BDB3052 | BIBLICAL HEBREW | BDB3054

חֲצַר עֵינוֺן, עֵינָן ׳ח proper name, of a location on northeast border of Canaan Ezek 47:17 חֲצַר עֵינָן Ezek 48:1 (Co in both חָצֵ֫רָךְ עֵינוֺן); עֵינָן ׳ח Num 34:9; Num 34:10 where it is said (Num 34:9) זֶה יִהְיֶה לָכֶם גְּבוּל צָפוֺן; ᵐ5 Αρσεναιειμ, ᵐ5L Ασερναιν; — see also חָצֵר הַתִּיכוֺן below

BDB6030 H2704 H5881 H2703

BDB6029 | BIBLICAL HEBREW | BDB6031

עֵינָן proper name, masculine Αιναν, name in Naphtali Num 1:15; Num 2:29; Num 7:78; Num 7:83; Num 10:27. — See also חֲצַר עֵינוֺן

עֵינוֺן see חֲצַר עֵינוֺן

Strong's Definition H2704
hazar-enan
ḥăṣar ʿênān
village of fountains
Chatsar-Enan, a place in Palestine
  • a city on the northeast border of Canaan; same as H2703
Variations 1 forms of this word
Translations 3 English renderings
Hazar-enan
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Word Parts
עֵינָ֖ן
עֵינָ֖ן
Root word a name — transliterate it ("From hazar-enan")
Dictionary form: חֲצַר עֵינָן · huh-TSAHR ay-NAWN
Vowels & Accents
Hebrew Alephbet
Grammar Np
Noun — Proper Name
עֵינָן Speech Noun Type Proper Name
In English
In the KJV here: from hazar-enan
at hazar-enan ×1 from hazar-enan ×1 hazar-enan ×1
More options
Hazar-enan — Standard modern spelling; preferred in most translations.
Hazar-enon — Alternate spelling; used in Ezekiel (NIV, NRSV).
Hazer-enan — Less common variant spelling found in some editions.
Brown-Driver-Briggs (BDB)

BDB3053 H2703 H2704

BDB3052 | BIBLICAL HEBREW | BDB3054

חֲצַר עֵינוֺן, עֵינָן ׳ח proper name, of a location on northeast border of Canaan Ezek 47:17 חֲצַר עֵינָן Ezek 48:1 (Co in both חָצֵ֫רָךְ עֵינוֺן); עֵינָן ׳ח Num 34:9; Num 34:10 where it is said (Num 34:9) זֶה יִהְיֶה לָכֶם גְּבוּל צָפוֺן; ᵐ5 Αρσεναιειμ, ᵐ5L Ασερναιν; — see also חָצֵר הַתִּיכוֺן below

BDB6030 H2704 H5881 H2703

BDB6029 | BIBLICAL HEBREW | BDB6031

עֵינָן proper name, masculine Αιναν, name in Naphtali Num 1:15; Num 2:29; Num 7:78; Num 7:83; Num 10:27. — See also חֲצַר עֵינוֺן

עֵינוֺן see חֲצַר עֵינוֺן

Strong's Definition H2704
hazar-enan
ḥăṣar ʿênān
village of fountains
Chatsar-Enan, a place in Palestine
  • a city on the northeast border of Canaan; same as H2703
Variations 1 forms of this word
Translations 3 English renderings
Hazar-enan
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Word Parts
שְׁפָֽמָ ה
שְׁפָֽמָ
Root word a name — transliterate it ("To shepham")
ה
Suffix — direction direction — "to / toward ___"
Dictionary form: שְׁפָם · sheh-PAWM
Vowels & Accents
Hebrew Alephbet
Grammar Np/Sd
Noun — Proper Name
שְׁפָֽמָ Speech Noun Type Proper Name
ה Speech Suffix Type Directional He
In English
In the KJV here: to shepham
from shepham ×1 to shepham ×1
More options
Shepham — Standard proper noun; use as the place name itself.
Shefam — Alternate transliteration reflecting modern Hebrew pronunciation.
the region of Shepham — Use when geographic context needs clarification.
Brown-Driver-Briggs (BDB)

BDB8972 H8221

BDB8971 | BIBLICAL HEBREW | BDB8973

שְׁפָם proper name, of a location on east border of Israel; ׳שׁ Num 34:10, שְׁפָ֫מָה vNum 34:11 ᵐ5 Σαπφαμαρ; site unknown.

שֻׁפִּם see שֻׁפִּים below שׁפף.

Strong's Definition H8221
shepham
šĕpām
bald
Shepham, a place in or near Palestine
  • a place or region in northeastern Canaan on the eastern border
Variations 2 forms of this word
Translations 2 English renderings
Shepham
Numbers 34:9
Read Numbers 34
Numbers 34:11