Proverbs 13:5

דְּבַר

Root word word, words, thing, acts, things, …

Dictionary form: דָּבָר · daw-BAWR

Noun — Common, masculine singular, construct state "___ of …" — bound to the next word

In the KJV here: lying

the word ×142 the words ×132 thing ×103 words ×92 of the acts ×43 things ×42 of the chronicles ×37 word ×36

More options

word — Best for divine speech, commands, or prophetic utterances.

matter — Prefer when context is a topic, affair, or issue.

thing — Broad default when no specific semantic fits better.

message — Use when content is being conveyed from a sender.

account — Fits historical or narrative contexts, e.g. royal records.

decree — Best for official, authoritative, or legal pronouncements.

BDB1816 H1697

דָּבָר₁₄₃₉ noun masculine speech, word — Gen 18:14 + 446 t.; construct דְּבַר Gen 12:17 + 361 t.; suffix דְּבָרִי Num 11:23 + (suffixes 66 t.); singular in all 875 t.; plural דְּבָרִים Exod 4:10 + 182 t.; construct דִּבְרֵי Gen 24:30 + 253 t.; suffix דְּבָרָיו Gen 37:8 (suffixes 127 t.); plural in all 564 t.; —

I. singular speech, discourse, saying, word, as the sum of that which is spoken:

1. of men,
a. נְבוֺן דָּבָר discreet in speech 1Sam 16:18 שְׂפָתַיִם ׳ד speech of lips Ps 59:13, mere talk Isa 36:5 (= 2Kgs 18:20) Prov 14:23 (compare Ps 17:4 speech of God's lips); דָּבָר מָר bitter speech Ps 64:4 כָּזָב ׳ד lying speech Prov 30:8 דְּבָֽרְךָ טוֺכ thy saying is good 1Sam 9:10 וּדְבַר אַבְנֵר הָיָה עִם and the speech of Abner had been with the elders of Israel 2Sam 3:17 (compare 1Kgs 1:7); אמר הדבר הזה say this saying Jer 23:38; Jer 31:23 compare Jer 13:12; Jer 14:17 (of God), 1Sam 8:10 (׳דִּבְרֵי י).
b. word of command, (הַ)מֶּלֶךְ ׳ד 1Chr 21:4; 1Chr 21:6; Esth 1:12 + 6 t. Esther; Eccl 8:4 compare 2Chr 30:5; 2Chr 31:5; Dan 9:23; Dan 9:25 מַלְכוּת ׳ד royal edict Esth 1:19 כדבר עשׂה do according to the command of Gen 44:2; Gen 47:30; Exod 8:9; Exod 8:27; Exod 12:35; Exod 32:28 (J) Lev 10:7 (P) Judg 11:10; Ezra 10:5; Neh 5:12; Neh 5:13 compare 2Sam 17:6 (word of counsel), 1Kgs 3:12 (request), 1Kgs 17:13 (proposal; on these meanings see below)
c. message, report, tidings, וַיִּשְׁמַע הָעָם אֶתהַֿדָּבָר הָרָע הַזֶּה and the people heard this evil report Exod 33:4 (JE) compare 1Kgs 20:12 אמת (היה) הדבר the report was true 1Kgs 10:6 = 2Chr 9:5 עַד בּוֺא דָבָר מֵעִמָּכֶם until word come from you 2Sam 15:28 ויגע הדבר אל מלך נינוה Jonah 3:6 הֵשִׁיב דָּבָר return or bring word, report Gen 37:14; Num 13:26; Num 22:8 (J) Deut 1:22; Deut 1:25; Josh 14:7; Josh 22:32 (D) 1Kgs 2:30; 1Kgs 20:9; 2Kgs 22:9; 2Kgs 22:20 (= 2Chr 34:16; 2Chr 34:28), but answer 1Sam 17:30; 2Sam 3:11; 2Sam 24:13 (= 1Chr 21:12), 1Kgs 12:6; 1Kgs 12:9 (= 2Chr 10:6; 2Chr 10:9), 2Chr 12:16; Neh 2:20; Prov 18:13; Prov 27:11; Isa 41:28; Ezek 9:11 (Dr^{Sm, p, 190 explains the phrase as} turn back with a word); compare דבר (לא) ענה answer something or nothing 1Kgs 18:21; 2Kgs 18:36; Ps 119:42; Isa 36:21; Jer 44:20 see IV. 6; דברים השׁיב return words Exod 19:8 (E) Prov 24:26 see

III. 1. d. advice, counsel, בדבר בלעם by advice of Balaam Num 31:16 (P), compare Judg 20:7; 2Sam 19:44; Esth 5:5.
e. request, אמתו of his maid, עבדו of his servant 2Sam 14:15; 2Sam 14:22.
f. promise, לא יחל דברו he shall not break his word Num 30:3 (P), compare הקים דבר perform a promise Neh 5:13, see also 2 b. g. charge, complaint, אם אמת היה הדבר הזה if this charge be true Deut 22:20 compare Deut 13:15; Deut 17:4, שׂים דבר בְּ 1Sam 22:15, שׂים עלילות דברים לְ Deut 22:14; Deut 22:17.
h. decision, sentence, דְּבַר הַמִּשְׁפָּט the sentence of judgment Deut 17:9 compare vDeut 17:10 vDeut 17:11.
i. theme, story, רָחַשׁ לִבִּי דָּבָר טוֺב my heart swells with a good theme Ps 45:2 דְּבַרגְּבוּרוֺת the story of his great might Job 41:4.

2. word of God, as a divine communication in the form of commandments, prophecy, and words of help to his people, used 394 times. This word is communicated in several ways:
a. אל ׳ויהי דבר י then the word of Yahweh came unto 1Sam 15:10; 2Sam 7:4 (compare אלהים 1Chr 17:3), 1Kgs 6:11; 1Kgs 13:20; 1Kgs 16:1; 1Kgs 17:2; 1Kgs 17:8; 1Kgs 21:17; 1Kgs 21:28; 2Chr 11:2 (compare האלהים 1Kgs 12:22): compare 1Chr 22:8 (על by confusion), Isa 38:4; Jer 1:4 + 20 t. Jeremiah, Ezek 3:16 + 41 t. Ezekiel; Jonah 1:1; Jonah 3:1; Hag 2:20; Zech 4:8; Zech 6:9; Zech 7:4; Zech 7:8; Zech 8:1 (without אל) vZech 8:18 אל ׳י ׳היה ד Gen 15:1; 2Chr 12:7; Jer 25:3 + 4 t. Jeremiah; Ezek 1:3 + 7 t. Ezekiel; Dan 9:2; Zech 1:1; Zech 1:7; Zech 7:1 אל ׳י ׳הנה ד Gen 15:4; 1Kgs 19:9 היה אל ׳י ׳ד 2Sam 24:11; 1Kgs 16:7; 1Kgs 18:1; 2Kgs 20:4; Ezek 24:20 ביד ׳י ׳היה ד Hag 1:1; Hag 2:1; Hag 2:10 ביד ׳י ׳ויהי ד Hag 1:3 אשׁר ׳י ׳היה אל ד Hos 1:1; Joel 1:1 Micah; Zeph 1:1 ׳י ׳אליו אשׁר היה ד 1Kgs 18:31; Jer 1:2 ׳אל יר ׳י ׳אשׁר היה ד Jer 14:1; Jer 46:1; Jer 47:1; Jer 49:34 (see אשׁר 6 a); הדבר אשׁר היה אל Jer 7:1 + 11 t. Jeremiah; ׳י ׳את ד 2Kgs 3:12; Jer 23:28; Jer 27:18 compare אֵלַי דָּבָר יְגֻנָּב unto me a word was brought by stealth Job 4:12, compare ׳וְטֶרֶם יִגָּלֶה אֵלָיו דְּבַר י and the word of Yahweh was not yet revealed unto him 1Sam 3:7. Yahweh also sends his word שׁלח Ps 107:20; Ps 147:18; Isa 9:7; Jer 42:5 (compare plural Zech 7:12) and makes it an object of vision ראה Jer 2:31; Jer 38:21 (compare plural Ezek 11:25), חזה Isa 2:1 it is also commanded צוה Exod 16:16; Exod 16:32; Exod 35:4; Lev 8:5; Lev 9:6; Lev 17:2; Num 30:2; Num 36:6 (P) Deut 4:2; Deut 13:1; Deut 15:15; Deut 4:10 (D) 1Chr 16:15 (= Ps 105:8) Neh 1:8; Jer 7:23, compare הדברים אשׁר צוה Exod 35:1; Lev 8:36 (P) Exod 19:7 (E) Deut 6:6.
b. Yahweh confirms his word of promise Deut 9:5; 1Sam 1:23 (where read דְּבָרֵךְ thy word according to ᵐ5 ᵑ6 & Dr), 1Kgs 2:4; 1Kgs 6:12; 1Kgs 8:20; Jer 29:10; Jer 33:14, and his word of warning 1Kgs 12:15; Dan 9:12 his word stands for ever Isa 40:8 it is settled for ever in heaven Ps 119:89 he remembers his holy word דבר קדשׁו Ps 105:42 (compare דִּבְרֵי קָדְשׁוֺ Jer 23:9); he himself Joel 2:11, the angels Ps 103:20, and forces of nature Ps 148:8 עשׂה דברו do his word of command; by his word the heavens were made Ps 33:6 it is near his people, in their mouth and heart Deut 30:14 a lamp to their feet Ps 119:105. II. saying, utterance, sentence, as a section of a discourse: —

1. of men,
a. דָּבָר בְּעִתּוֺ a word in due season Prov 15:23 compare Job 4:2; Prov 12:25 commonly in plural, דִּבְרֵי (הַ)שִּׁירָ(הׅ words of the song (i.e. its lines of poetry) Deut 31:30; Deut 32:44; Ps 18:1 (= 2Sam 22:1) Ps 137:3 הלל בדברי דויד to sing praises with the words of David (his psalms) 2Chr 29:30 דִּבְרֵי חֲכָמִים sentences of the wise Prov 1:6; Prov 22:17; Eccl 9:17; Eccl 12:11 these sayings are commonly written, compare דברי האגרת words of the letterEsth 9:26 הדברים עתיקים the records are ancient 1Chr 4:22 דִּבְרֵי (ה)סֵפֶר Isa 29:11; Isa 29:18; Jer 29:1.
b. title of writings: דִּבְרֵי קֹהֶלֶת Eccl 1:1, אגור ׳ד Prov 30:1, למואל ׳ד Prov 31:1, ירמיהו ׳ד Jer 1:1, so Amos 1:1; Neh 1:1 compare in appended phrase or clause, Jer 51:64, איוב ׳ד Job 31:40.
c. in Chronicles name of a work: החזים ׳ד 2Chr 33:18; 2Chr 33:19, שׁמעיה ׳בד 2Chr 12:15, יהוא ׳בד 2Chr 20:34, ׳שׁמואל על ד 1Chr 29:29 נתן ׳על ד 1Chr 29:29; 2Chr 9:29, גד על ׳ד 1Chr 29:29. (It is not certain whether writings of prophets or histories about them are referred to; in the latter case they are acts, IV. 2, see Dr^{Intr 497}.)

2. of God: עֲשֶׂרֶת הַדְּבָרִים the ten words (sentences in the tables) Exod 34:28 (JE) Deut 4:13; Deut 10:4, referred to as הדברים Exod 34:1 (JE) Deut 4:10; Deut 4:36; Deut 5:19; Deut 9:10; Deut 10:2 of commands of covenant code Exod 24:3; Exod 24:4; Exod 24:8 compare Exod 34:27 (JE); of Deuteronomic code Deut 17:19 (+ 16 t. D) 2Kgs 22:11; 2Kgs 23:3-24 (compare 2Chr 34:19-31) Jer 11:2-8; Jer 34:18 the law-book of Joshua Josh 24:26 (E); of the code of Ezra Ezra 7:11; Ezra 9:4; Neh 8:9; Neh 8:13 the words of Yahweh written by Jeremiah Jer 25:13; Jer 36:4-32; Jer 51:61 the words of the book of Daniel Dan 12:4; Dan 12:9 commands in general 1Sam 15:11; Ps 50:17; Ps 119:57; Ps 119:130; Ps 119:139 promises 2Sam 7:28; Neh 9:8, compare 1Chr 25:5; 2Chr 36:16. III. a word, words: —

1. of men: שָׂפָה אֶחָ֑ת וּדְבָרִים אֲחָדִים one lip, and one and the same words Gen 11:1 (J); אֵין אֹמֶר וְאֵין דְּבָרִים no speech and no words Ps 19:4 אִישׁ דְּבָרִים man of words, ready in speech, Exod 4:10 (J); רב דברים multitude of words Job 11:2; Prov 10:19; Eccl 5:2 קְחוּ עִמָּכֶם דְּבָרִים take with you words Hos 14:3 דבר(י) (ה)שׁקר lying word(s) Exod 5:9; Exod 23:7 (E) Prov 13:5; Prov 29:12; Isa 59:13; Jer 7:4; Jer 7:8 דִּבְרֵי רוּחַ words of wind, vain words Job 16:3 וּמַהשֶּֿׁמֶץ דָּבָר נִשְׁמַעבּֿוֺ and what a whisper of a word we hear of him! Job 26:14.

2. of God. It is difficult to determine how many of the following should come under

II. 2. The plural for words of God is relatively seldom: Gen 20:8; Exod 19:6; Num 12:6; Josh 3:9 (E) Exod 4:28; Exod 4:30; Num 11:24 (J) Deut 18:19; Josh 23:14 (D) 1Sam 3:18; 1Sam 8:10; 1Sam 15:1; 2Chr 11:4; Job 42:7; Prov 30:6; Isa 31:2; Dan 10:11; Amos 8:11; Mic 2:7 apart from Jer 3:12 + 30 t. Jeremiah; Ezek 2:7 + 4 t. Ezekiel; Zech 1:6 + 4 t. Zechariah. IV. matter, affair, thing about which one speaks: —

1. business, occupation: דְּבַר הַמֶּלֶךְ king's business 1Sam 21:9 לְכָלדְּֿבַר for every matter of 1Chr 26:32; 1Chr 27:1; 2Chr 19:11 דְּבָרֶיךָ לְכָלֿ for all thine affairs 1Chr 28:21 דבר המזבח Num 18:7 דָּבָר אֵיןלָֿהֶם עִם they had not dealings with Judg 18:7; Judg 18:28 דְּבַריֿוֺם בְּיוֺמוֺ the task or portion of a day in its day, daily duty or due Exod 5:13; Exod 5:19 (E) Exod 16:4 (J) Lev 23:37 (P) 1Kgs 8:59; 2Kgs 25:30; 1Chr 16:37; 2Chr 8:13 (ביום) v2Chr 8:14; 2Chr 31:16; Ezra 3:4; Neh 11:23; Neh 12:47; Jer 52:34; Dan 1:5 דבר שׁנה בשׁנה 1Kgs 10:25; 2Chr 9:24.

2. plural acts construct דִּבְרֵי 1Kgs 11:41 (twice in verse); 1Chr 29:29; 2Chr 12:15; 2Chr 16:11 דְּבָרָיו his acts 2Chr 13:22; 2Chr 35:27 especially in phrases, הַיָּמִים וְיֶתֶר דִּבְרֵי ֗֗֗ עַלסֵֿפֶר דִּבְרֵי and the rest of the acts of . . . in the book of the chronicles (daily record of events) of 1Kgs 14:29 + 32 t. Kings; וְיֶתֶר דִּבְרֵי 2Chr 13:22 + 8 t. Chronicles, וְיֶתֶר דְּבָרָיו 2Chr 28:26, שְׁאָר דִּבְרֵי 2Chr 9:29 are referred to various sources; compare also במספר דברי הימים 1Chr 27:24, בדברי דויד 1Chr 23:27, עלדֿברי מלכי ישׂראל 2Chr 33:18: דברים טובים good deeds 2Chr 12:12; 2Chr 19:13 דִּבְרֵי עֲוֺנֹת acts of iniquity Ps 65:4 (De, Fälle von Missethaten); דִּבְרֵירָֿע evil deeds Jer 5:28. It is used of God, only in כל דבריו לא יענה Job 33:13, אֹתוֺתָיו ׳ד Ps 105:27, נִפְלְאֹתֶיךָ ׳ד Ps 145:5.

3. matter, affair: דבר אוריה affair of Uriah 1Kgs 15:5 שׁרשׁ דבר root of the matter Job 19:28 מה היה הדבר how went the matter ? 1Sam 4:16; 2Sam 1:4 compare Ruth 3:18 סבב את פני הדבר change the face of the matter 2Sam 14:20 דִּבְרֵי הָאֲתֹנוֺת the matter of the asses 1Sam 10:2 זה דבר הרצח this is the case of the slayer Deut 19:4 לְכָלדְּֿבָרָיו 1Kgs 6:38 as to all its particulars.

4. events, things: in the phrase, אחר הדברים האלה after these things (events in time) Gen 15:1; Gen 22:1; Gen 40:1 (E) Gen 39:7 (J) 1Kgs 17:17; 1Kgs 21:1; Ezra 7:1; Esth 2:1; Esth 3:1 האלה אחרי הדברים Gen 48:1; Josh 24:29 (E) Gen 22:20 (J) 2Chr 32:1.

5. cause, case for judicial investigation: כִּייִֿהְיֶה לָהֶם דָּבָר if they have a case Exod 18:16 compare Exod 18:22; Exod 22:8 בעל דברים one having a case Exod 24:14, compare בדבר משׁפט 2Chr 19:6 דְּבָרֶיךָ טוֺבִים וּנְכֹחִים pleas, good and right 2Sam 15:3 compare Josh 20:4.

6. something, anything (indefinite): עשׂה דבר do a thing Gen 22:16 + (frequent); עשׂה דברים Isa 42:16 + (less frequent); דבר ׳היפלא מי Gen 18:14 compare Jer 32:17; Jer 32:27 לא ֗֗֗ דבר nothing 1Kgs 5:7; 1Kgs 10:3; + (frequent), אין דבר Exod 5:11 (E) Num 20:19; 1Sam 20:21 ׳לא דבר מ nothing of Exod 9:4 (J) Josh 8:35; Josh 11:15; Josh 21:45; Josh 23:14 (D); כל דבר anything Num 31:23; Deut 23:20 +; דבר רע Ps 141:4 +; טוב ׳ד 1Kgs 14:13 +; דְּבַרמָֿה whatsoever Num 23:3 (E); עֶרְוַת דבר Deut 23:15 naked-ness of a thing, i.e. unclean or unseemly thing (indecency in camp); so of a wife Deut 24:1.

7. way, manner: זֶה דְּבַר הַשְּׁמִטָּה this is the manner of the release Deut 15:2 (compare SI¹); כֵּן דְּבַר הַמֶּלֶךְ so was the way of the king Esth 1:13 הזה כדבר after this manner, thus Gen 18:25; Gen 32:20; Gen 44:7 (JE) 2Sam 15:6; Ezra 10:5; Neh 5:12; Neh 5:13 with (עשׂה), 1Sam 9:21; 2Sam 14:3; 2Sam 17:6 (דבר), 1Sam 17:27; 1Sam 17:30; Isa 8:20 (אמר), Neh 6:4; Neh 6:5 (שׁלח), Neh 6:4 (השׁיב) compare 1Sam 17:30; 2Kgs 7:19 (היה) (peculiar to D, כדבר הרע הזה such a wicked deed as this Deut 13:12; Deut 19:20, כדבר הגדול הזה Deut 4:32); כדברים האלה עשׂה thus and thus did he Gen 39:19 (J) 1Sam 2:23 (but usually the plural = these words).

8. reason, cause: זֶּה דְבַרהַֿמַּס 1Kgs 9:15 זה הדבר אשׁר this is the reason why Josh 5:4 (D) 1Kgs 11:27 so 1Sam 17:29 AV RV, was it not but a word ? Th Ke RVm VB Dr; עַל דְּבַר ֗֗֗ because of, for the sake of Gen 20:11; Gen 20:18 (E) Gen 12:17; Gen 43:18; Exod 8:8 (J) Num 17:14 (P) Ps 45:5; Ps 79:9, עַל דִּבְרֵי Jer 14:1 עַלדִּֿבְרֵיכֶם for your sakes Deut 4:21, עַל דְּבַר אשׁר Deut 22:24 (twice in verse); Deut 23:5; 2Sam 13:22.

word, words, thing, acts, things, …

dābār

a word; by implication, a matter (as spoken of) or thing; adverbially, a cause

speech, word, speaking, thing

speech

שֶׁ֭קֶר

Root word lying, false, lies, falsehood, falsely, …

Dictionary form: שֶׁקֶר · sheh-KER

Noun — Common, masculine singular, absolute state

falsely ×13 lies ×12 a lie ×8 a lying ×7 false ×7 lying ×5 of falsehood ×4 a false ×3

More options

deception — Broad, neutral; suits most prose and legal contexts.

falsehood — Modernized KJV form; fits formal or theological writing.

lie — Direct and concrete; best when a specific false statement is meant.

fraud — Emphasizes deliberate intent to deceive; good in legal contexts.

deceit — Highlights the relational betrayal aspect of the word.

empty — Captures the 'vain/worthless' semantic range of the lemma.

BDB9028 H8267

שֶׁ֫קֶר₁₁₃ noun masculine deception, disappointment, falsehood; — ׳שׁ Exod 23:7 + 64 t.; שָׁ֑קֶר Exod 5:9 + 42 t.; plural שְׁקָרִים Ps 101:7 + 3 t.; suffix שִׁקְרֵיהֶם Jer 23:22 —

1. deception, what deceives, disappoints, and betrays one : a molten image Jer 10:14 = Jer 51:17 gift Prov 25:14 grace of person Prov 31:30, etc.; ׳אֹ֫רַח שׁ Ps 119:104; Ps 119:128 ׳דֶּ֫רֶח שׁ vPs 119:29 ׳בטח בשׁ Jer 13:25 ׳נחל שׁ Jer 16:19, compare also Ps 7:15; Ps 33:17; Ps 119:118; Isa 28:15 לַשֶּׁקֶר for disappointment, in vain 1Sam 25:21; Jer 3:23.

2. deceit, fraud, wrong : ׳עשׂה (ל) שׁ do or practise fraud, wrong Hos 7:1; Jer 6:13; Jer 8:8; Jer 8:10 with בְ, 2Sam 18:13 ׳פְּעֻלַּת שׁ Prov 11:18 ׳לֶ֫חֶם שׁ Prov 20:17 food got by fraud; ׳זֶ֫רע שׁ Isa 57:4 ׳עֵט שׁ Jer 8:8 ׳ילד שׁ Ps 7:15 (|| עמל); ׳דרךְ לשׁון קשׁת שׁ Jer 9:2 ׳בְּשׁ Jer 3:10 (|| בגד), adverb שׁקד fraudulently, wrongfully Ps 35:19; Ps 38:20; Ps 69:5; Ps 119:78; Ps 119:86.

3. injurious falsehood, in testimony, especially in courts : עַד שֶׁקֶר Exod 20:16 (E) Deut 19:18; Ps 27:12; Prov 6:19; Prov 14:5; Prov 25:18 עֵד שׁקרים Prov 12:17; Prov 19:5; Prov 19:9 ׳ענה שׁ Deut 19:18 testify falsehood; ׳שְׁבֻעַת שׁ Ze Deut 8:17 false oath; ׳נשׁבע לשׁ swear falsely Jer 5:2 + 5 t.; ׳נשׁבע על שׁ Lev 5:22 ׳דבּר שׁ Mic 6:12 + (see [ דָּבַר], דָּבָר); ׳אִמְרֵ י שׁ Isa 32:7 ׳שׂפת(י) שׁ Ps 31:19; Ps 120:2; Prov 10:18; Prov 17:7 טפל ׳שׁ Job 13:4; Ps 119:69, compare vPs 119:163 absolute false ! 2Kgs 9:12; Jer 37:14.

4. falsity, of false or self-deceived prophets: ׳נכּא שׁ prophesy falsely Jer 14:14; Jer 23:25; Jer 23:26; Jer 29:21 + ל person Jer 27:10; Jer 20:14; Jer 20:16 ׳לַשּׁ ׳נ vJer 20:15 ׳בשׁ ׳נ Jer 5:31; Jer 20:6; Jer 29:9 ׳מוֺרֶה שׁ Isa 9:14; Hab 2:18 ׳חזה שׁ Zech 10:2 ׳חֲזוֺן שׁ Jer 14:14, etc., (+ 12 t.); ׳רוּח שׁ.

5. lie, falsehood, in general: ׳דבר שׁ Ps 101:7 (|| רְמִיָּה); ׳דְּבַר שׁ Prov 13:5 of מִלִּים Job 36:4 ׳לְשׁוֺן שׁ false tongue Prov 6:17; Prov 12:19; Prov 21:6; Prov 26:28; Ps 109:2 of lips Prov 12:22 ׳אִישׁ שׁ Prov 17:4 liar.

lying, false, lies, falsehood, falsely, …

šeqer

an untruth; by implication, a sham (often adverbial)

lie, deception, disappointment, falsehood

deception (what deceives or disappoints or betrays one)

fraudulently, wrongfully (as adverb)

testify falsehood, false oath, swear falsely

false tongue

יִשְׂנָ֣א

Root word hate, hated, hateth, hatest, enemies, …

Dictionary form: שָׂנֵא · saw-NAY

Verb — Qal, Imperfect (Yiqtol), third person masculine singular simple action — "he did" not-yet-complete action — try "he will ___" or "he ___s" the built-in subject is "he (or it)"

In the KJV here: man hateth

hate ×13 i hate ×10 hated ×8 hateth ×6 that hate ×4 they that hate ×4 and hated ×3 and they that hate ×3

More options

hate — Most direct modern equivalent; broadly applicable.

despise — Stronger contempt; use when rejection is emphatic.

detest — Intense aversion; suits strong emotional or moral contexts.

loathe — Visceral disgust; good for Wisdom literature passages.

be hostile to — Relational/active sense; fits enemy or conflict contexts.

abhor — Formal register; suits legal or covenantal language.

BDB8270 H8130

שָׂנֵא₁₄₅ verb hate (Late Hebrew id.; MI⁴ שנאי my foes; Sabean שנאם foe SabDenkm^{No. 12, 1. 9} compare Ib.^{No. 7, 1. 9} CIS^{iv, No. 173, 1. 6}; Arabic , , hate; Aramaic סְנָא, , id., סָנְאָה, hater, etc.; Ethiopic hate is ); —

Qal₁₂₈ Perfect 3 masculine singular ׳שׂ Deut 12:31 +, suffix שְׂנֵאָהּ 2Sam 13:15 +; 2 masculine singular שָׂנֵאתָ Ps 5:6 +, suffix שְׂנֵאתַ֫נִי Judg 14:16, etc.; Imperfect 3 masculine singular יִשְׂנָא Prov 13:5; Prov 26:28, suffix יִשְׂפּנָאֶ֑ךָּ 9:s, etc.; Imperative masculine plural שִׂנְאוּ Amos 9:15; Ps 97:10 Infinitive absolute שָׂנאֹ Judg 15:2 construct שְׂנאֹ Gen 37:5 +, שְׂנאֹת Prov 8:13 Participle active שׂנֵא Deut 4:42 +, שׂנַאֲךָ Exod 23:5; Prov 25:21 plural construct שׂנְאֵי Exod 18:21 +, etc.; passive feminine singular שְׂנוּאָה Gen 29:31 +; masculine plural construct שְׂנֻאֵי 2Sam 5:8 Qr (> Kt שָֽׂנְאוּ); — hate (often opposed to אָהֵב):

1. human;
a. with accusative of person Gen 26:27 (J), Gen 37:5; Gen 37:8 (E), Judg 11:7; 2Sam 13:22; Amos 5:10 (|| תֵּעֵב) + 17 t. (evil-doers Ps 26:5; Ps 31:7; Ps 139:21), + (object wife) Judg 14:16; Judg 15:2 (twice in verse); + passive participle, of wife, Gen 29:31 (twice in verse) (J), Deut 21:15 (twice in verse); Deut 21:16; Deut 21:17, compare Prov 30:23 figurative of Zion Isa 60:15 (+ עֲזוּבָה); specifically of sexual revulsion 2Sam 13:15 (twice in verse) (+ accusative of congnate meaning with verb), Deut 22:13; Deut 22:16; Deut 24:3 so, object man (of Jerusalem under figure of harlot) Ezek 16:37 passive שְׂנֻאֵי נֶפֶשׁ דָּוִד 2Sam 5:8 (but see obscure); reflexive (accusative נַפְשׁוֺ) Prov 29:24, absolute Eccl 3:8.
b. with accusative of thing, Ezek 35:6 (but read בְּדָם אָשַׁמְתָּ ᵐ5 ᵑ6 Co Berthol Toy), Eccl 2:17; Eccl 2:18, especially evil Exod 18:21 (E), Mic 3:2; Ps 45:7 + 10 t., virtue, etc. Mic 3:2; Prov 1:22 + 4 t.

2. subject ׳י; object perverse Israel Amos 6:8 (its palaces), Hos 9:15; Jer 12:8 wickedness Ps 5:6; Ps 11:5 idolatry and evil Amos 5:21; Isa 1:14; Isa 61:8; Jer 44:4; Mal 2:16 + 5 t.

3. Participle active₅₄ as adjective Isa 66:5 (as verb with 1 singular pronoun Isa 61:8, 2 above); usually substantive, Prov 13:24 one hating his son (opposed to אֹהֵב); elsewhere = enemy foe (usually construct or with suffix), singular and plural (often || אֹיֵב, sometimes opposed to אֹהֵב): foe of man Exod 23:5 (E), Gen 24:60 (J), Lev 26:17 (H) +, nation Exod 1:10 (E), Esth 9:1; Esth 9:5; Esth 9:16 +, absolute Prov 26:24; Prov 27:6, (c. 31 t. in all); + לֹא שׂנֵא with ל person, a no-hater to one Deut 4:42; Deut 19:4; Deut 19:6; Josh 20:5, and (without לֹא) Deut 19:11 foe of good Mic 3:2, compare Job 34:17 + 3 t., of evil Exod 18:21; Prov 28:1, compare Prov 15:27 of suretyship Prov 11:15 (i.e. not giving it); foes of ׳י Exod 20:5 = Deut 5:9; Deut 7:10 (twice in verse); 2Chr 19:2. Niph`al Imperfect 3 masculine singular יִשָּׂנֵא Prov 14:17 is hated, so vProv 14:20 (+ ל person by, see לְ 5 d). Pi`el Participle suffix מְשַׂנְאִי Job 31:29; Ps 55:13 plural construct מְשַׂנְאֵי Ps 81:16 suffix מְשַׂנְאַי 2Sam 22:41 +, etc.; — enemy (Qal 3) || אֹיֵב, צָר, etc.:

1. personal and national, Job 31:29; Deut 33:11 (poem), 2Sam 22:41 = Ps 18:41; Ps 44:8; Ps 44:11; Ps 55:13; Ps 68:2; Ps 89:24.

2. of ׳י Num 10:35 (J), Deut 32:41 (poem), Ps 81:16; Ps 83:3; Ps 139:21.

3. of wisdom Prov 8:36.

BDB9920 H8131 H8130

[שְׂנָא] verb hate (ᵑ7 סְנָא, Syriac ; see Biblical Hebrew שָׂנֵא); —

Pe`al Participle plural suffix שׂנאיך Kt, שָֽׂנְאָךְ Qr (K^{§ 53, 2, Anm.} b)) Dan 4:16 = thy foes (Biblical Hebrew 3, MI⁴, Sabean).

hate, hated, hateth, hatest, enemies, …

śānēʾ

to hate (personally)

to hate, be hateful

(Qal) to hate

of man

of persons, nations, God, wisdom

צַדִּ֑יק

Root word righteous, just, lawful

Dictionary form: צַדִּיק · tsahd-DEEK

Adjective — masculine singular, absolute state

In the KJV here: a righteous

the righteous ×49 of the righteous ×37 of the just ×9 righteous ×9 the just ×7 a righteous ×6 is righteous ×6 a just ×5

More options

righteous — Modernized from KJV; broadest theological and ethical use.

just — Emphasizes fairness and legal uprightness; good in legal contexts.

upright — Highlights moral integrity; suits wisdom literature tone.

innocent — Prefer when contrasted with the guilty in legal settings.

virtuous — Stresses moral excellence; works well in narrative prose.

godly — Foregrounds devotion to God; suits psalms and prophetic texts.

BDB6944 H6662

צַדִּיק₂₀₆ adjective just, righteous; — absolute ׳צ Gen 6:9+; plural צַדִּיקִים Exod 23:8+, etc.; —

1. just, righteous, in government:
a. of Davidic king 2Sam 23:3 צֶמַהּ Jer 23:5; Zech 9:9 (|| victorious).
b. of judges, Ezek 23:45; Prov 29:2 (see Toy; Kau questions this meaning in all these).
c. of law, ׳מִשְׁפָּטִים צ Deut 4:8.
d. of God Deut 32:4; Ps 119:137; Ps 129:4; Job 34:17, opposed to Pharaoh Exod 9:27 (J); in discrimination Jer 12:1; Zeph 3:5; Ps 7:10; Ps 7:12; Ps 11:7 condemnation 2Chr 12:6; Dan 9:14; Lam 1:18; Ezra 9:15; Neh 9:33 redemption Isa 45:21; Ps 116:5 keeping promises Neh 9:8 in all his ways Ps 145:17.

2. just in one's cause, right: Exod 23:7; Exod 23:8 (E) Deut 16:19; Deut 25:1; 1Kgs 8:32 = 2Chr 6:23; Isa 5:23; Isa 29:21; Job 32:1; Job 36:7; Prov 17:15; Prov 17:26; Prov 18:5; Prov 18:17; Prov 24:24; Amos 2:6; Amos 5:12; Hab 1:4; Hab 1:13 right in law, not under penalty 2Sam 4:11; 1Kgs 2:32 innocent of specific offence 2Kgs 10:9 with מְן compare 1Sam 24:18.

3. just, righteous, in conduct and character:
a. towards God Gen 7:1; Gen 18:23; Gen 18:24 (twice in verse); Gen 18:25 (twice in verse); Gen 18:26; Gen 18:28 (J) Gen 20:4 (E), Hab 2:4; Mal 3:18.
b. in general, ethically: Ps 5:13; Ps 7:10; Ps 11:3; Ps 11:5 + 21 t. Psalms (+below), Prov 2:20; Prov 3:33; Prov 4:18; Prov 9:9 + 56 t. Proverbs; Eccl 3:17 + 7 t. Ecclesiastes; Isa 3:10; Isa 57:1 (twice in verse); Jer 20:12; Lam 4:13; Ezek 3:20; Ezek 3:21 (twice in verse) + 12 t. Ezekiel; Hos 14:10 || תמים Gen 6:9 (P) Job 12:4 || נָקִי Job 17:9; Job 22:19; Job 27:17; Ps 94:21 || יִשְׁרֵי לֵב Ps 32:11; Ps 64:11; Ps 97:11.

4. righteous, as justified and vindicated by ׳י, especially servant of ׳י Isa 53:11, so his people, usually plural Isa 60:21; Ps 33:1 + 8 t. Psalms (see also above); ׳אָהֳלֵי צ Ps 118:15 tents of the righteous; ׳גּוֺרַל צ Ps 125:3 ׳עֲדִת צ Ps 1:5 ׳דֶּרֶךְ צ vPs 1:6 singular collective Ps 34:20; Ps 34:22; Ps 75:11; Isa 24:16; Isa 26:7 (twice in verse); גּוֺי צַדִּיק vIsa 26:2 (|| שֹׁמֵר אֱמֻנִים).

5. right, correct, Isa 41:26 (compare אֱמֶת Isa 43:9); lawful ׳שְׁבִי צ Isa 49:24 EV; but read עָרִיץ.

righteous, just, lawful

ṣaddîq

just

just, lawful, righteous

just, righteous (in government)

וְ ֝רָשָׁ֗ע

וְ

Prefix — connector and (sometimes: but, so, then)

֝רָשָׁ֗ע

Root word wicked, ungodly, wrong, condemned, guilty, …

Dictionary form: רָשָׁע · raw-SHAW

Adjective — masculine singular, absolute state

In the KJV here: but a wicked

of the wicked ×84 the wicked ×68 and the wicked ×10 but the wicked ×9 wicked ×8 unto the wicked ×6 when the wicked ×6 a wicked ×5

More options

wicked person — Most direct modern rendering; clear moral condemnation.

evildoer — Active nuance; emphasizes harmful deeds over inner character.

ungodly person — Highlights rebellion against God; suits theological contexts.

villain — Vivid and accessible; better for narrative than legal texts.

guilty one — Prefer in legal or judicial settings; forensic connotation.

wrongdoer — Milder tone; useful when moral charge should be understated.

BDB8124 H7563

רָשָׁע₂₆₃ adjective wicked, criminal; — absolute ׳ר Gen 18:23 +; plural רְשָׁעִים Isa 13:11 +; construct רִשְׁעֵי Ps 75:9 + 3 t. feminine singular רְשָׁעָה Ezek 3:18 (strike out Co), vEzek 3:19 (רָשָׁע Co); —

1. usually as substantive, one guilty of crime, deserving punishment; sometimes also wicked; opposed to צַדִּיע; רָשָׁע Exod 2:13; Exod 23:1 (E), Deut 25:2; Prov 17:23; Prov 18:5; Prov 25:5; Job 9:22; Job 9:24 collective Gen 18:23; Gen 18:25 (twice in verse) (J) Mic 6:10; Prov 3:33; Prov 28:4, רשׁעים 1Sam 24:14; Jer 5:26; Prov 19:28; Prov 20:26; Prov 29:12, אנשׁים רשׁעים 2Sam 4:11 (murderers), רָשָׁע לָמוּת Num 35:31 (P) guilty of death, ׳מוֺשֵׁל ר Prov 28:15, compare Prov 29:2, ׳הִצְדִּיק ר Exod 23:7 (E) Isa 5:23; Prov 17:15 ׳הִרְשִׁיעַ ר Deut 25:1; 1Kgs 8:32 = השׁיב לְרָשָׁע 2Chr 6:23 צַדִּיק ׳אמר לר Prov 24:24.

2. guilty of hostility to God or his people, wicked enemies: רשׁע singular Ps 17:13 + 6 t. Psalms; Isa 26:10 collective Ps 9:6; Ps 9:17; Ps 10:2 + 6 t. Psalms; Isa 11:4; Hab 3:13 רשׁעים Ps 3:8; Ps 7:10; Ps 9:18 + 5 t. Psalms; Isa 48:22; Isa 57:20; Isa 57:21; Jer 25:31; Ezek 21:34; Mal 3:21 ( + (possibly) other cases; often hard to decide); specifically of Pharaoh Exod 9:27 (J), Babylon Isa 13:11; Isa 14:5, Chaldeans Hab 1:4; Hab 1:13 || שׂנְאֵי יהוה 2Chr 19:2.

3. guilty of sin, against either God or man, wicked: האנשׁים הרשׁעים Num 16:26 (J, rebellious Korahites), Mal 3:18 (not serving ׳י), opposed to צַדִּיק; singular individual Ezek 3:18 (twice in verse); Ezek 21:30; Ezek 33:8 (twice in verse); Ps 11:5; Ps 32:10; Prov 9:7 +; collective Isa 3:11; Job 34:18; Job 36:6; Job 36:17 plural רשׁעים Isa 53:9; Jer 23:19 = Jer 30:23, Zeph 1:3; Ps 26:5; Prov 10:3; Eccl 8:10 +; || חסֹידים 1Sam 2:9 (Poem), Ps 12:9; Ps 50:16; Ps 97:10; Ps 145:20 || עֹזְבֵי תוֺדָתֶ֑ךָ Ps 119:53 compare V:61, +; ׳אדם ר Prov 11:7; Job 20:29; Job 27:13 ׳אִישׁ ר Prov 21:29 ׳מלאך ר Prov 13:17 זֶרַע רשׁעים Ps 37:28 עֲצַת רשׁעים Ps 1:1; Job 10:3; Job 21:16; Job 22:18 דֶּרֶךְ רשׁעים Jer 12:1; Ps 1:6; Ps 146:9; Prov 4:19; Prov 12:26 דֶּרֶךְ רשׁע Prov 15:9 מִדַּדְכּוֺ הָֽרְשָׁעה Ezek 3:18; Ezek 3:19 (but see, Co, above); רִשְׁעֵי (ה)ארץ Ps 75:9; Ps 101:8; Ps 119:119; Ezek 7:21 (ᵐ5 Co עריצי). — is rare before exile; chiefly Ezekiel Psalms Wisdom Literature.

wicked, ungodly, wrong, condemned, guilty, …

rāšāʿ

morally wrong; concretely, an (actively) bad person

wicked, criminal

guilty one, one guilty of crime (subst)

יַבְאִ֥ישׁ

Root word stank, stink, abhorred, abomination, loathsome, …

Dictionary form: בָּאַשׁ · baw-ASH

Verb — Hiphil, Imperfect (Yiqtol), third person masculine singular causative — "he made (someone) do" not-yet-complete action — try "he will ___" or "he ___s" the built-in subject is "he (or it)"

In the KJV here: man is loathsome

stank ×2 stink ×2 a stinking savour ×1 and stank ×1 man is loathsome ×1 shall stink ×1 stinketh ×1 they had made themselves odious ×1

More options

stink — Core literal sense; best for physical odor contexts.

reek — Vivid, modern; implies overwhelming, offensive smell.

be detestable — Captures social/moral disgust beyond mere odor.

be loathed — Emphasizes others' strong rejection or contempt.

become repulsive — Good for contexts of damaged reputation or relationship.

be abhorred — Modernized KJV form; retains formal, elevated register.

BDB9359 H888 H887 H7489

בְּאֵשׁ verb be evil, bad (so ᵑ7; Syriac ; Old Aramaic באש Lzb²³⁸ SAC²⁷ Cooke¹⁹¹; compare Biblical Hebrew); —

Pe`al Perfect 3 masculine singular impersonal עֲלוֺהִי ׳ב Dan 6:15 i.e. it was evil (displeasing) to him (compare Biblical Hebrew [רעע] 1).

stank, stink, abhorred, abomination, loathsome, …

bāʾaš

to smell bad; figuratively, to be offensive morally

to have a bad smell, stink, smell bad

(Qal) to stink, smell bad

to become odious

to stink, emit a stinking odor

וְ יַחְפִּֽיר

וְ

Prefix — connector and (sometimes: but, so, then)

יַחְפִּֽיר

Root word confounded, ashamed, shame, confusion, reproach

Dictionary form: חָפֵר · haw-PARE

Verb — Hiphil, Imperfect (Yiqtol), third person masculine singular causative — "he made (someone) do" not-yet-complete action — try "he will ___" or "he ___s" the built-in subject is "he (or it)"

In the KJV here: and cometh to shame

and confounded ×3 and brought to confusion ×2 and bringeth reproach ×1 and cometh to shame ×1 and were ashamed ×1 and ye shall be confounded ×1 ashamed ×1 be put to shame ×1

More options

ashamed — Most direct modern equivalent; broadly applicable.

disgraced — Emphasizes public loss of honor or status.

humiliated — Highlights personal, felt shame and lowering.

put to shame — Retains passive nuance; prefer when an agent causes shame.

embarrassed — Lighter register; suits milder social contexts.

confounded — Captures stunned, speechless aspect of deep shame.

BDB3018 H2659

II. [חָפֵר] verb be abashed, ashamed (ᵑ7 חֲפַר Prov 13:5, מַחְפְּרָנָא one causing shame Prov 19:26 Syriac , especially Aph`el be ashamed, put to shame; Arabic be bashful, shy, bashful; Ethiopic be ashamed, blush) —

Qal Perfect 3 feminine singular חָֽפְרָה Jer 50:12 וְחָֽפְרָה consecutive Isa 24:23 וְחָפֵ֑רָה Jer 15:9 חָֽפְרוּ Ps 71:24 וְחָֽפְרוּ consecutive Mic 3:7 Imperfect יַחְפְּרוּ Ps 35:4 + 4 t.; יֶחְפָּ֑רוּ Ps 34:6 וַיֶּחְפָּ֑רוּ Job 6:20 תַּחְפְּרוּ Isa 1:29 — be abashed, ashamed, said of face Ps 34:6 (avoided by looking to ׳י); elsewhere always || בּוֺשׁ, of enemies of righteousness Ps 71:24; Ps 35:4; Ps 35:26; Ps 40:15 = Ps 70:3; Ps 83:18 of idolaters Isa 1:29 diviners Mic 3:7 of distressed Jerusalem Jer 15:9 so of Babylon Jer 50:12 of moon Isa 24:33 be put to shame (disappointment), of caravans looking for water Job 6:20. Hiph`il Perfect הֶחְפִּיר Isa 33:9 Imperfect יַחְפִּיר Prov 13:5 תַּחְפִּ֫ירִי Isa 54:4 Participle מַחְפִּיר Prov 19:26 — display shame, figurative of Lebanon Isa 33:9 (|| קָמַ֑ל 'dried up' Che); of Israel Isa 54:4 (|| בּוֺשׁ Qal); of an unfilial son, cause shame Prov 19:26 (|| מֵבִישׁ); compare Prov 13:5 of wicked (|| יבאישׁ: see באשׁ Hiph`il above).

confounded, ashamed, shame, confusion, reproach

ḥāpēr

to blush; figuratively, to be ashamed, disappointed; causatively, to shame, reproach

to be ashamed, be confounded, be abashed, feel abashed

(Qal) to be ashamed, be abashed

Word Breakdown

Vowels & Accents

Grammar Ncmsc

English Options

Brown-Driver-Briggs (BDB)

Strong's Definition H1697

Word Breakdown

Vowels & Accents

Grammar Ncmsa

English Options

Brown-Driver-Briggs (BDB)

Strong's Definition H8267

Word Breakdown

Vowels & Accents

Grammar Vqi3ms

Verb Chart

English Options

Brown-Driver-Briggs (BDB)

Strong's Definition H8130

Word Breakdown

Vowels & Accents

Grammar Aamsa

English Options

Brown-Driver-Briggs (BDB)

Strong's Definition H6662

Word Breakdown

Vowels & Accents

Grammar C/Aamsa

English Options

Brown-Driver-Briggs (BDB)

Strong's Definition H7563

Word Breakdown

Vowels & Accents

Grammar Vhi3ms

Verb Chart

English Options

Brown-Driver-Briggs (BDB)

Strong's Definition H887

Word Breakdown

Vowels & Accents

Grammar C/Vhi3ms

Verb Chart

English Options

Brown-Driver-Briggs (BDB)

Strong's Definition H2659

Masoretic Phrasing

KJV