Proverbs 24:18

פֶּן

Conjunction lest, that, peradventure, not

Dictionary form: פֵּן · pane

Conjunction

In the KJV here: lest

lest ×88 lest peradventure ×5 and lest ×4 not ×3 that ×3 beware lest ×2 that not ×2 therewith lest ×2

More options

lest — Direct modernization; clearest warning-clause equivalent.

or else — Colloquial; suits consequence warnings in narrative.

so that … not — Explicit negative-purpose clause; useful in formal prose.

for fear that — Highlights anxiety or precaution behind the warning.

in case — Softer register; fits cautionary or conditional contexts.

BDB6677 H6435

פֶּןֿ₁₃₃ (always with Makkeph

**except Gen 38:23; Gen 44:34; Deut 7:25; Deut 32:27 [not Gi], Isa 27:3; Prov 25:8: Mandelkern^{Conc. under the word}.) conjunction (averting, or deprecating), lest (origin dubious: Thes Kö^{ii. 334} from פָּנָה, properly substantive construct in accusative for the aversion of; but פָנָה is intransitive: Nö^{M. 474} compares the enclitic particle פּוֺן in ᵑ7, then ἄν, 'etwa,' thinking that a particle with the meaning 'es möchte etwa,' spoken in a tone of alarm, might readily acquire a deprecatory force); — lest:

1. with imperfect Gen 3:3 ye shall not eat thereof . . . פֶּןתְּֿמֻתוּן lest ye die, Gen 11:4 let us build a city פֶּןנָֿפוּץ lest we be scattered, Gen 19:15; Gen 19:17; Gen 19:19; Gen 38:23; Gen 45:1l Exod 1:10; Exod 23:29; Exod 23:33 etc., 2Kgs 10:23 (followed by יֵשׁ), Isa 6:10; Isa 27:3; Isa 28:22; Isa 48:5; Isa 48:7; Ps 2:12; Ps 7:3 etc.; often after הִשָׁמֶרלְֿךָ take heed to thyself Gen 24:6; Gen 31:24, and especially in Deuteronomy, as Deut 4:9; Deut 4:23; Deut 6:12; Deut 8:11 and elsewhere; after a verb of fearing Gen 32:12, and once, even, of swearing Judg 15:12 deprecating pathetically, Gen 44:34 how shall I go up, etc.? lest I look upon the evil that will befal my father. Once, unusually, preceding the principal clause, Prov 5:6 אֹרַח חַיִּים פֶּןתְּֿפַלֵּס lest she should make level the path of life, her ways are unstable, etc. (Ew Be Now; see also Toy). Note especially
a. the idiom כִּי אָמַר (אָמַרְתִּי) פֶּןֿ for he (I) said, Lest..., implying always that some precaution has been taken to avert the dreaded contingency, Gen 26:9 for I said, Lest I die on account of her (to obviate which, Isaac had called Rebecca his sister), Gen 31:31; Gen 38:11; Gen 42:4; Exod 13:17; Num 16:34; 1Sam 13:19; 1Sam 27:11 (לֵאמֹר), Ps 38:17 with כי אמר implied Gen 26:7 compare, with an aposiop., Gen 3:22 and now, lest he put forth his hand, etc. (implying that measures are taken to prevent this, see vGen 3:23): compare Tob 8:9.
b. פֶּןֿ at the beginning of a sentence, with a dissuasive force, (Beware) lest: + Isa 36:18 פֶּןיַֿסִּית אֶתְכֶם חזקיהו (beware) lest Hezekiah deceive you, Deut 29:17 (twice in verse) (followed by יֵשׁ), Jer 51:46; Job 32:13; Job 36:18.

2. with Perfect, the result feared being conceived as having possibly already taken place; 2Sam 20:6 pursue after him, פֶּןמָֿצָא לוֺ ֗֗֗ וְהִצִּיל lest he have found him fenced cities, etc. (but the tense of והציל makes יִמְצָא probably, Dr^sm Bu Kö^{iii. 486}), 2Kgs 2:16 ׳וַיַּשְׁלִכֵהוּ וגו ׳פֶּןנְֿשָׂאוֺ רוּחַ י.

lest, that, peradventure, not

pēn

properly, removal; used only (in the construction) adverb as conjunction, lest

(conj) lest, not, beware lest

יִרְאֶ֣ה

Root word see, saw, seen, behold, looked, …

Dictionary form: רָאָה · raw-AW

Verb — Qal, Imperfect (Yiqtol), third person masculine singular simple action — "he did" not-yet-complete action — try "he will ___" or "he ___s" the built-in subject is "he (or it)"

In the KJV here: see

saw ×128 see ×97 and see ×45 and saw ×43 to see ×35 shall see ×31 i saw ×29 i have seen ×26

More options

see — Most versatile; suits perception, vision, and understanding.

look — Prefer when deliberate, directed attention is implied.

observe — Good for careful, attentive, or intentional seeing.

perceive — Best when insight or recognition is the focus.

behold — Contemporary contexts of awe or divine encounter.

gaze — When prolonged, intense, or wondering looking is stressed.

BDB7656 H7200 H7207 H7203 H3070

רָאָה₁₃₁₅ verb see (Late Hebrew id.; וארא MI⁴, הראני Deut 1:7, compare ריח spectacle Deut 1:12 Sabean ראי see, expect DHM^{ZMG xxix (1875), 506,599}; Arabic see, so Ethiopic ᵑ7 רֵו, רֵיוָא human appearance, features, etc. (compare Hebrew רְָאִי 2)); —

Qal₁₁₄₁ Perfect 3 masculine singular ׳ר Gen 29:10 +, suffix וְרָֽאֲךָ consecutive Exod 4:14 רָאָהוּ 2Kgs 2:12 +; 3 feminine singular רָֽאֲתָה Gen 38:14, suffix רָאָֽתְךָ Job 42:5 2 masculine singular רָאִיתָ Gen 20:10 +, etc.; Imperfect 3 masculine singular יִרְהֶ Gen 22:8 +, jussive יֵרֵא Gen 41:33 (Baer Gi, Ges^{«GKC:75p»§ 75p}, «GKC:75hh»hh Kö^i.561; van d. H. יֵרֶא), יִ֫רֶא Exod 5:21 +, וַיַּרְא Gen 18:2 + (1Sam 19:20, read plural ᵐ5 Comm., i.e. וַיִּרְאֻ Dr^{Sm lxiii}), suffix יִרְאַנִי Exod 33:20, וַיִּרְאֵ֑נִי 2Sam 1:7 3 feminine singular תִּרְאֶה Lev 20:17; Job 33:28, jussive תֵּרֵא Mic 7:10; Zech 9:5 (Baer Gi, compare Ges Kö above; van d. H תֵּרֶא), וַתֵּ֫רֶא Gen 3:6 +; 1 singular אֶרְאֶה Gen 21:16 +, וָאֵ֫רֶא Gen 31:10 +, etc.; Imperative רְאֵה Gen 27:27 +, etc.; Infinitive absolute רָאֹה Exod 3:7 +, רָאוֺ Gen 26:28; Isa 6:9 construct רְאֹה Gen 48:11, רְאוֺת Exod 10:28 +, רַאֲוָה Ezek 28:17, etc., Participle active רֹאֶה Ezek 13:15 +, etc.; passive רְאֻיוֺת (Baer Gi; van d. H. רְאֻיּוֺת) : —

1. a. see, subject עַיִן, עֵינַיִם, with accusative of person Isa 6:5; Isa 30:20; Jer 42:2 + 5 t. Job, Proverbs; subject person, with accusative Gen 12:12; Gen 12:15 + מִי רָאָהוּ 1Sam 23:22, read הֵמְּהֵרָה ᵐ5 Th We and others. [not HPS]); רֹאִי 1Sam 16:13 (participle suffix, compare בְּאֵר לַחֵי רֹאִי v1Sam 16:14, .p. 91 above) accusative of God 1Sam 32:31 (פָּנִים אֶלפָּֿנִים); accusative of person omitted 1Sam 18:2; 1Sam 19:1 +; with accusative פְּנֵי 1Sam 31:2; 1Sam 46:30; 1Sam 48:11; Exod 33:20, opposed to אֶתאֲחֹרָ֑י vExod 33:23 with accusative פְּנֵי specifically of having access to man of rank Gen 43:3; Gen 43:5 + (see [ פָּנֶה] 2 b).
b. see, with accusative of thing: subject עַיִן, עֵינַיִם Josh 24:7 (E) 1Sam 24:11 (van d. H. Baer; v.1Sam 24:10 Gi), Deut 3:21 + 5 t. Deuteronomy, +; וְעֵינָיו אֶתעֵֿינָיו תִּרְאֶינָה Jer 32:4, compare Jer 34:3 accusative omitted 2Sam 24:3; Deut 21:7 + 9 t. (לִרְאוֺת) 1Sam 6:13 read לקְרָאתוֺ ᵐ5 We Dr Kit Bu HPS Now); subject pers Gen 13:15; Gen 31:12 + very often; with accusative of congnate meaning with verb מַרְאֶה Exod 3:8 + 7 t., מַרְאָה Dan 10:7 (twice in verse); Dan 10:8, חָזוֺן Dan 8:15, חֶזְיֹנוֺת Joel 3:1 hence see absolute= receive revelation, Isa 30:10 (|| חזה), compare Ezek 13:3 and see I. רֹאֶה; with accusative עֶרְוָה, see ׳צ, p. 788 f.; see war, i.e. see it impending Exod 13:17 (E); אֶתהַֿקּוֺתֹ ׳וְאֶתהַֿלַּפִּידִים ר Exod 20:18 (Gi vExod 20:15); רֹאֵי הַשֶּׁמֶשׁ Eccl 7:11 those who see the sun = living men; accusative of thing. omitted Exod 22:9; 2Sam 13:5 +, וָאֶרֵאֶה בֶּחָזוֺן Dan 8:2 (twice in verse).(absolute); וְלֹא יִרְאוּ לֹא יֵדְעוּ Neh 4:5 עֵינֵי רֹאִים Isa 32:3, מְקוֺם רֹאִים Job 34:26 with adverb or adverb phrase instead of accusative of thing: כָּהֵנָּה Gen 41:19 compare Isa 66:8; Ezek 1:27 (twice in verse), כַּאֲשֶׁר 2Kgs 2:19; 2Chr 29:8; 2Chr 30:7; Job 4:8; Ezek 16:50; Dan 1:13, כֵּן Ps 48:9.

2. see, followed by accusative + clause or phrase of closer designation: (I) + epexegetical clause with כִּי, accusative of person Gen 6:2 saw them that they were fair, Gen 12:4 (both J), Exod 2:2; Exod 32:25 (both E), 1Kgs 11:28, accusative of face + id. Gen 31:5 (E), Exod 34:25 (P); accusative of thing Gen 49:15 (poem), Isa 22:9; Gen 1:4 (P), Eccl 2:24; Eccl 4:4 and probably 2Kgs 14:26 (reading כִּי מַר הוּא); (2) כָּלהַֿבָּא עָלָיו וְעָמָ֑ד ׳ר 2Sam 20:12 (3) + adjective (including participle), accusative person Gen 7:1 (J), Amos 9:1; 2Sam 18:10 + 39 t. (Jer 46:5 strike out ׳ר ᵐ5 Gie), + accusative אֲשֶׁר Exod 14:13 (twice in verse) (J); accusative of thing, Exod 23:5; Exod 33:10 (both E), Deut 22:4; Ezek 33:3; Ezek 33:6; Dan 1:10; Dan 8:4; Dan 8:6; Dan 8:7 (4) + מָה, accusative of thing Num 13:18 (JE), Hag 2:3 (5) + preposition Phr., accusative of person Exod 5:19 (J), Zech 4:10; Eccl 10:7; Esth 5:9 accusative of thing + בִּכְבוֺדוֺ Hag 2:3, + כ pres. Jer 23:13; Jer 23:14, + כ person Judg 9:36, כ of thing 2Sam 18:27 (6) accusative of person + adverb accusative + כ person Jer 30:6.

3. see, so as to learn to know: with accusative of person Deut 33:9 (|| הִכִּיר, יַדַע); with accusative of thing Deut 1:19; Deut 1:31; Deut 11:2; Job 11:11 (|| יָדַע ), Ps 16:10; Ps 49:10 = have experience of, Jer 5:12; Jer 14:13; Jer 20:18; Jer 42:14; Zeph 3:15; Ps 89:49; Eccl 5:17, שֵׁנָה בְּעֵינָיו אֵינֶנּוּ רֹאֶה Eccl 8:16 מָה ראית Gen 20:10 i.e.what hast thou encountered, that . . . ? Bacher^{ZAW xix (1899). 345 ff.; Terminol. 177 f.}

4. absolute see, have (power of) vision, Gen 27:1 (J), Gen 48:10 (E), 1Sam 3:2; 1Sam 4:15; 1Kgs 14:4, miraculous 2Kgs 6:17 (twice in verse); 2Kgs 6:20 (twice in verse); denied of idols Deut 4:28; Ps 115:5; Ps 135:16 figurative of spiritual vision Isa 6:10; Isa 29:18; Isa 42:18; Jer 5:2l Deut 29:3; Ezek 12:2 (twice in verse); Ps 40:13; Ps 69:24 עַיִן רֹאָה Prov 20:12. — 1Sam 14:27 read Qr see אור.

5. see = perceive:
a. followed by clause with כִּי, Exod 3:4; Exod 8:11; Gen 1:10; Gen 1:12 + often(1Sam 23:15 read וַיִּרָא and he feared We Dr Kit Bu HPS Now); omit כִּי (late) Lam 1:10; Ps 49:11; Eccl 3:16 followed by מָה of indirect question Gen 2:19 (J), Gen 37:20 (E), Judg 9:48; Deut 32:20; Jer 7:17; Jer 33:24; Ezek 8:6; Jonah 4:5 +; בַּמָּה Judg 16:5 compare 1Sam 14:38, כַּמָּה Zech 2:6; Ps 35:17 followed by מִי of indirect question 1Sam 14:17; Isa 40:26; Lam 2:20 ( + הַבִּיטָה); followed by אֵי 1Sam 26:16, אֵיכֹה 2Kgs 6:13, אֵיפֹה Jer 3:2 followed by clause with הֲ whether, Gen 8:8; Gen 18:21; Num 11:23 (all J), Exod 4:18 (E), Ps 14:2; Ps 53:3; Song 6:11b Esth 3:4, אִם whether Jer 30:6; Lam 1:12; Ps 139:24; Song 7:13, אֲשֶׁר that or how 1Sam 18:15, אֵי Eccl 2:3, שֶׁ that vEccl 2:13, שְׁ Eccl 3:18.
b. with accusative צָרַת נַפְשׁוֺ Gen 42:21 (i.e. saw it by out-ward signs), compare Hos 5:13. [Note, under 5 (rarely in other cases, and only Samuel Kings Jeremiah), Imperative + ידע Imperative: דַּע וּרְאֵה 1Sam 24:12; 2Sam 24:13; 1Kgs 20:22 דְּעִי וּרְאִי 1Sam 25:17; Jer 2:19 דְּעוּ וּרְאוּ 1Sam 12:17; 1Sam 14:38; 1Sam 23:22; 1Kgs 20:7; 2Kgs 5:7 in reverse order, רְאוּ וּדְעוּ 1Sam 23:23; Jer 5:1.]

6. look at, see, by direct volition:
a. subject men, with accusative of thing, Gen 9:22; Gen 9:23 (J), Gen 42:9; Gen 42:12 (E), Lev 13:3; Lev 13:15 +; with accusative of land = reconnoitre Josh 2:1 look at sun, etc., for worship Deut 4:19; Job 31:26 = inspect 1Kgs 9:12; Lev 14:36 (twice in verse); with accusative of person Num 24:20; Num 24:21 (JE), Exod 2:25; Lev 13:3; Lev 13:5 (all P), 1Sam 9:16 +, (1Sam 19:15 HPS proposes אֶלבֵּֿית for לִרְאוֺת); with preposition אַחֲרִי רֹאִי ׳ר Gen 16:13 (J) I have looked after one seeing me (interpretation see Di).
b. subject God, with accusative of thing Gen 9:16 (P); = inspect Gen 11:5 (J); look at with favour, accusative of person Job 37:24; Ps 138:6 so perhaps figurative, subject man, regard, with accusative אָוֶן Ps 66:18 (Hup-Now; Che Bae Dr and others intend); look with pleasure (accusative omitted, + מִן by reason of, as a fruit of) Isa 53:11 (si vera); insert accusative אוֺר ᵐ5 Houb Klo Du Che^Hpt Kit [perhaps], with Hiph`il יַרְאֶה ᵐ5 Du Che^Hpt, rescues from travail his soul, makes it see light).
c. without accusative, look, take a look, etc. (of man and God; often + וְהִנֵּה ), Gen 8:13; Gen 18:2; Exod 3:2; Lev 13:8; Lam 3:50 (מִן local), Gen 13:14 (מִן local + ה locative), Deut 3:27; Ezek 40:4; Ezek 44:5 (all בְּעֵינֶיךָ), + often; peculiarly, תִרְאוּ וְכֵן תַּעֲשׂוּ מִמֶּנִּי Judg 7:17 (compare GFM).
d. look after, see after, learn about, with accusative of thing Gen 37:14 (J), with accusative of person = visit (go to see) 1Sam 15:35; 1Sam 20:29; 2Sam 13:5; 2Sam 13:6; 2Kgs 8:29 = 2Chr 22:6; 2Kgs 9:16, compare Ezek 20:28, עֵין רֹאִי Job 7:8 (Di Bu and others).
e. observe, watch, absolute, 1Sam 6:9; 1Sam 6:16; 1Sam 17:28; Eccl 8:16 (|| ידע). feminine look upon = endure to see, with accusative of thing Hab 1:13 (|| הִבִּיט).
g. look out, find out, accusative of person 2Kgs 9:2; Gen 41:33 (E), + ל person 1Sam 16:17 select, accusative of person + מִן from among 2Kgs 10:3, + ב among + ל person 1Sam 16:1 provide, furnish,, with accusative of thing Deut 33:21 (poem), + ל person Gen 22:8 (E), compare absolute יִרְאֶה ׳י as proper name, of a location = ׳י seeth vGen 22:14 a (E; ? read יֵרָאֶה, compare v^b, Niph`al and Di); רְאֻיוֺת Esth 2:9 looked out = suitable (as often Late Hebrew).
h. look at = concern oneself about, accusative of thing (+ בְּיָדוֺ) Gen 39:23 (J).

7. of mental observation:
a. Imperative see ! observe ! consider ! exclamation (nearly = הִנֵּה), followed by clause: Gen 27:27; Gen 31:50 see ! God is witness Gen 39:14; Gen 41:41; Exod 4:21; Deut 1:8 +; followed by independent noun 2Sam 24:22 (|| 1Chr 21:23 followed by clause).
b. look at, i.e. inquire into, a matter, accusative of thing omitted, of ׳י, 1Sam 24:16 (Gi v.1Sam 24:15).
c. give attention to, accusative of thing, Jer 2:31, absolute give attention ! 2Sam 13:28; 2Kgs 6:32; Exod 25:40; Ps 45:11 take heed to, accusative of thing, 1Kgs 12:16 = 2Chr 10:16 absolute take heed ! Exod 10:10, + פֶּן 2Kgs 10:23.
d. discern, חָכְמָה ׳לִבִּי ר Eccl 1:16, טוֺב ׳ר Eccl 3:13.
e. distinguish, with בֵּיןלְ֗֗֗ of person Mal 3:18. feminine consider, reflect, Eccl 7:14 (followed by clause oratio recta [direct speech]).

8. a. with ב, literally, look into, hence look at with interest (German 'sich vertiefen in'): (I) gaze at 1Sam 6:19 (on context see We Dr HPS), so as to become acquainted with Gen 34:1 (P); so as to find out Eccl 3:22 inspect liver (for omens) Ezek 21:26 some - what weakened = behold Job 3:9; 2Chr 7:3; Ps 64:9. (2) look at with kindness, of ׳י, בָּעֳנִי Gen 29:32; 1Sam 1:11 ( + infinitive absolute), 2Sam 16:12, בַּצַּר Ps 106:44. (3) upon a spectacle causing anger Exod 2:11 (E), grief Gen 21:16 (E), Gen 44:34; Num 11:15 (both J), 2Kgs 22:20 (subject עֵינָיִם) = 2Chr 34:28; Esth 8:6 (twice in verse), abhorrence Isa 66:24. (4) gaze at with apprehension Eccl 11:4. (5) with joy, pleasure, 2Kgs 10:16; Mic 7:9; Jer 29:32; Isa 52:8 (עַיִן בְּעַיִן, compare Niph`al Num 14:14), Job 20:17; Job 33:28; Ps 54:9; Ps 106:5; Ps 128:5; Song 3:11; Song 6:11 a Eccl 2:1. (6) especially with exultation, triumph = feast eyes upon, sometimes gloat over (fallen enemies), Judg 16:27; Mic 7:10; Ezek 28:17; Obad 1:12; Obad 1:13; Ps 22:18; Ps 112:8; Ps 118:7.
b. with אֶל person Isa 17:7 (subject עֵינַיִם; || שָׁעַה עַל); עַל person Exod 5:21 (J); עַלהָֿאָבְנָ֑יִם׳ר Exod 1:16 see [ אֹבֶן] and Comm., also Spiegelb^{ZA xiv (June 1900), 269 ff.}
c. with ל, לַלֵּבָב ׳לַעֵינַיִם וְיוה יִר ׳הָאָדָם יִר 1Sam 16:7, מִי יִרְאֶהלָּֿ֑מוֺ Ps 64:6. — Corrupt is וּרְאִיתַנִי כְתוֺר הָאָדָם 1Chr 17:17 (and || וְזֹאת תּוֺרַת הָאָדָם 2Sam 7:19), read וַתַּרְאֵנִי (with other changes) We Dr Kau Bu HPS Now; Ezek 12:12 read probably Niph`al ᵐ5 Hi Co Krae; Mic 6:9 read probably יִרְאָה compare Now GASm. Niph`al Perfect 3 masculine singular נִרְאָה Gen 48:3 +, etc.; Imperfect 3 masculine singular יֵרָאֶה Gen 22:14 +, jussive יֵרָא Exod 34:3; Lev 9:6, וַיֵּרָא Gen 12:17 +; 1 singular וָאֵרָא Exod 6:3, etc.; Imperative masculine singular הֵרָאֵה 1Kgs 18:1 Infinitive construct לְהֵרָאוֺת 1Sam 17:17 +, לֵרָאוֺת Isa 1:12 + 2 t., הֵרָאֹה Judg 13:21; 1Sam 3:21, etc.; —

1. appear, especially
a. of ׳י (God): with אֶל person Gen 12:7 (twice in verse) + 6 t. J, Gen 35:1 (E), vGen 35:9; Gen 48:3; Exod 6:3 (בְּאֵל שַׁדַּי, ב essent.), Lev 9:4 (all P), 1Kgs 3:5; 1Kgs 9:2 (twice in verse) = 2Chr 7:12; 1Kgs 11:9 with ל person Jer 31:3; 2Chr 1:7; 2Chr 3:1 (insert ׳י ᵐ5 Kau Kit); absolute Gen 22:14 in the mountain where ׳י appeareth (probably, Di Sta^{G i. 450} Dr^{Hast. DB ii. 563}; E), Num 14:14 (J E; עַיִן בְּעַיִן, see Isa 52:8 Qal 8 a (5)), Lev 16:2 (P; ב location +עַל), 1Sam 3:21 (ב location), 2Sam 22:11 (עַלכַּֿנְפֵירֿוּחַ; < וַיֵּדֶא || Ps 18:11), + 5 t.; of ׳מַלְאַךְ י, with אֶל person Exod 3:2 (E), Judg 13:2l; of ׳כְּבוֺד י; with אֶל person Lev 9:6; Lev 9:23; Num 14:10 (ב location), Num 16:19; Num 20:6 (all P), Judg 6:12; Judg 13:3 עַל person Isa 60:2 absolute Exod 16:10 (ב location), Num 17:7 (both P).
b. appear, of man, = present oneself: with אֶל person Gen 46:29 (J), Judg 13:10; 1Kgs 18:1; 1Kgs 18:2; 1Kgs 18:15; Lev 13:7 (twice in verse); Lev 13:19, אֶל of God Ps 84:8 (ב location), אֶלפְּֿנֵי הָאָדֹן Exod 23:17 (E); absolute Isa 16:12 (strike out as dittograph Lo Du Che^Hpt Marti and others); especially (Masora) followed by (אֶתֿ)פְּנֵי of ׳י, rendered appear before ׳י: so וְנִרְאָה 1Sam 1:22, יֵרָאֶה Exod 34:23 (JE), Deut 16:10, וְאֵרָאֶה Ps 42:3, יֵרָאוּ Exod 23:15 (E), Exod 34:20 (JE), Deut 16:16, לֵרָאוֺת Exod 34:24 (JE), Deut 31:11; Isa 1:12 read probably in all Qal (see [ פָּנֶה] II.2).

c. appear, of things: late (Hexateuch only P), absolute Gen 1:9; Gen 8:5, with ב location Gen 9:14; Lev 13:14; Lev 13:57 elsewhere poet, Ps 18:16 = 2Sam 22:16; Ps 90:16; Prov 27:25 (of דֶּשֶׁא), Song 2:12 (ב location; of blossoms); subject מַרְאֵיהֶם Dan 1:15 ( +adjective predicate), vDan 1:13 (+ לְפָנֶיךָ); subject חָזוֺן, with אֶל person Dan 8:1 (twice in verse); subject כְּנֶגַע Lev 14:35 (with ל person).

2. be seen:
a. subject thing, 1Kgs 10:12 = 2Chr 9:11 (where כָּהֶם subject) Ezek 19:11, of sins Ezek 21:29 (|| הִגָּלוֺת), subject כָּזֹאת Judg 19:30, כְּאֶבֶן etc. Ezek 10:1.
b. subject person 2Sam 17:17 ( +לָבוֺא) be seen to come.
c. be seen = occur 2Kgs 23:24 (ב location); = exist, +ל person Exod 13:7 (twice in verse) (JE), Deut 16:4, compare Ezek 10:8 = be present, + ב location Judg 5:8; Exod 34:3 (JE).

3. be visible, Exod 33:23 (J E; subject ׳י's face), אֵין אֶבֶן נִרְאָה 1Kgs 6:18; 1Kgs 8:8 (twice in verse) = 2Chr 5:9 (twice in verse), Jer 13:26; Isa 47:3. Pu`al Perfect 3 plural עַצְמֹתָיו לֹא רֻוְּ Job 33:21 (Baer Gi; d. f. Ki Kö^{i. 41, 563, Mappik} Ges^{«GKC:14d»§ 14d}; van d. H. רֻאוּ), apparently his bones are not seen, detected; De which were (formerly) not seen; Di are insignificant ('un-scheinbar'), so Bae; probably corrupt, Bu נָאווּ, Du strike out as doublet. Hithpa`el reciprocal look at each other: Imperfect 2 masculine plural לָ֫מָּה תִּתְרָאוּ Gen 42:1 (E); techn. 3 masculine plural וַיִּתְרָאוּ פָנִים 2Kgs 14:11 = 2Chr 25:21 and they looked each other in the face, i.e. met in combat, so 1 pl, ׳נִתְרָאֶה פ 2Kgs 14:8 = 2Chr 25:17, compare (perhaps) 2Kgs 23:29, where Wkl Benz conjectures כְּהִתְרָאוֺת אִתּוֺ (or Niph`al כְּהֵרָאוֺת אִתּוֺ) for ᵑ0 כִּרְאֹתוֺ אֹתוֺ. Hiph`il₆₂ Perfect 3 masculine singular הֶרְאָה Gen 41:28 +, suffix הִרְאַנִי Amos 7:1 +, הֶרְאָ֑נִי Ezek 11:25, הֶרְאָנוּ Deut 5:21; Judg 13:23, הֶרְאֱךָ Deut 4:36 1 singular יְהַרְאֵיתִ֫י Nah 3:5 (Ges^{«GKC:53p»§ 53p}), suffix הֶרְאִיתִיךָ Deut 34:4, הִרְאִיתִים Isa 39:4 compare || 2Kgs 20:15, etc.; Imperfect 3 masculine singular יַרְאֶה Isa 30:30, וַיַּרְא 2Kgs 11:4, suffix יַרְאֵנִי Num 23:3; Ps 59:11 1 singular suffix אַרְאֶךָּ Gen 12:1 +, etc.; Imperative masculine singular suffix הַרְאֵנִי Exod 33:18, etc.; Infinitive construct הַרְאוֺת Deut 3:24 +, suffix הַרְאוֺתְכָה Ezek 40:4 —

1. a. cause one to see something, shew: (I) subject man, with accusative of person + thing, Num 13:26b (JE), Judg 1:24; Judg 1:25; 2Kgs 20:13 (twice in verse); 2Kgs 20:15 = Isa 39:2 (twice in verse); Isa 39:4 + 4 t., accusative of thing omitted Ezek 40:4; Esth 4:8, accusative reflexive נַפְשׁוֺ +accusative of thing Eccl 2:24 מִי יַרְאֵנוּ טוֺב Ps 4:7, accusative of person omitted, = exhibit Esth 1:4 with 2 accusative of person Judg 4:22; 2Kgs 11:4. (2) especially subject ׳י (God), with accusative of person + thing, Gen 12:1; Exod 9:16 (both J), Gen 41:28; Gen 48:11 (both E), Exod 33:18; Deut 34:1b (both J E), Deut 3:24; Deut 4:36; Deut 5:21; Josh 5:6 (D), Exod 25:9 (P), Judg 13:23 + 5 t. + (of revelation to prophets) Num 23:3 (JE), Jer 38:21; Ezek 11:25, also, with accusative of thing of cognate meaning, Num 8:4 (P), accusative of thing omitted Deut 34:4 (JE), accusative of person omitted = exhibit, Isa 30:30 of visions, ׳י subject, with accusative of person +כֹּה Amos 7:1; Amos 7:4; Amos 7:7; Amos 8:1, +כַּאֲשֶׁר Exod 27:8 (P), with accusative of person only = cause to see [a vision] Jer 24:1 with 2 accusative of person + apposition 2Kgs 8:13, accusative of person + clause with כִּי v2Kgs 8:10. (3) subject angel, accusative of person + thing, of revelation to prophet Zech 2:3; Zech 3:1 accusative of person + clause with מָה Zech 1:9.
b. cause, to experience something, with accusative of person + thing, subject ׳י, Hab 1:3; Ps 60:5; Ps 71:20; Ps 85:8. Psalm

2. cause to look intently at, to behold, with accusative of person +ב of thing (compare Qal 8), subject ׳י:
a. cause to gaze at, with joy Ps 50:23; Ps 91:16.
b. in exultation, cause to feast one's eyes upon, fallen enemies Ps 59:11 (compare MI⁷)
c. in weakened sense, cause to behold Deut 1:33 (compare Dr). Psalms

Hoph`al 1. be caused to see, be shewn: Perfect 2 masculine singular הָרְאֵיתָ, subject man, accusative of thing, Exod 26:30 (P; ב location); so Participle מָרְאֶה Exod 25:40 (P; ב location); followed by infinitive אַתָּה הָרְאֵתָ לָדַעַת כִּי Deut 4:35.

2. be exhibited to, subject thing, accusative of person, Perfect 3 masculine singular consecutive וְהָרְאָה אֶתהַֿכֹּהֵן Lev 13:49 (P).

BDB7661 H7200 H7207

רַאֲוָה Ezek 28:17 see √Qal Infinitive, and 8 a (6).

BDB9876 H7200

ר

ראה (√ of following; not Aramaic; Biblical Hebrew רָאָה see).

see, saw, seen, behold, looked, …

rāʾâ

to see, literally or figuratively (in numerous applications, direct and implied, transitive, intransitive and causative)

to see, look at, inspect, perceive, consider

(Qal)

to see

to appear, present oneself

to cause to see, show

to be caused to see, be shown

יְ֭הוָה

Root word a name — transliterate it ("The lord")

Dictionary form: יְהֹוָה · yeh-hoh-WAW

Noun — Proper Name

In the KJV here: the lord

the lord ×2811 of the lord ×1522 and the lord ×457 unto the lord ×342 o lord ×222 am the lord ×158 lord ×67 to the lord ×60

More options

the LORD — Standard modern Bible convention; small-caps signal the divine name.

YHWH — Preserves the Hebrew tetragrammaton; used in scholarly translations.

Yahweh — Reconstructed pronunciation; preferred in academic and some modern versions.

the Lord — General rendering when small-caps convention is unavailable.

God — Use only where context clearly equates YHWH with generic deity.

the Eternal — Captures timeless-existence nuance; used in some progressive translations.

BDB2100 H3068 H3069 H1961 H430 H589 H2022 H6635

יהוה_{c. 6823} i.e. יַהְוֶה proper name, of deity Yahweh, the proper name of the God of Israel — (

1. ᵑ0 יְהוָֺה^C518 (Qr אֲדֹנָי), or יֱהוִֺה₃₀₅ (Qr אֱלֹהִים), in the combinations אדני יהוה & יהוה אדני (see אֲדֹנֶי), and with preposition בַּיהוָֺה, לַיהוָֺה, מֵיהוָֺה (Qr בַּאדֹנָי, לַאדֹנָי, מֵאדֹנָי), do not give the original form. ᵐ5 and other Vrss follow the Qr. On the basis of Exod 20:7; Lev 24:11 יהוה was regarded as a nomen ineffabile (see Philo^{de Vita Mosis iii. 519, 529}), called by the Jews הַשֵּׁם and by the Samaritans שׁימא. The pronunciation Jehovah was unknown until 1520, when it was introduced by Galatinus; but it was contested by Le Mercier, J. Drusius, and L. Capellus, as against grammatical and historical propriety (compare Bö^{§ 88}). The traditional Ἰαβέ of Theodoret and Epiphanius, the יָֿהוּ, יְהוֺֿ of compound proper name and the contracted form יָהּ all favour יַהְוֶךְ (compare יַהֲלֹמ֑וּן Ps 74:6 תַּהֲרוּ Isa 33:11), see Lag^{Sym i.14} Baud^{Studien i.179 ff.}; Dr^{Stud.Bib.i.1 ff.} For Jeve see Sta^{ZAW 1881, 346} De^{ib.1882, 173 f. & Gn. Excurs. ii.}

2. on literature of interpretations see Nes^Eg.67 Dr^{l.c. — Many recent scholars explain} יַהְוֶה as Hiph`il of היה (=היה) the one bringing into being, life-giver (compare חַוָּה Gen 3:20) Schr HSch; giver of existence, creator, Kue Tiele; he who brings to pass (so already Le Clerc),performer of his promises, Lag, Nes^Eg.88 (but Nes^{Eg.91 inclines to Qal as} RS^{Brit. & For. Ev. Rev} see below); or from היה he who causes to fall, rain or lightning RS^{OTJC.ed.1, 423; om.ed.2, 245}, compare We^{Skizzen iii.175}; 'Fäller,' destroying foes, Sta^G.i.429 (dubiously). But most take it as Qal of הוה (= היה); the one who is: i.e. the absolute and unchangeable one, Ri; the existing, ever living, as self-consistent and unchangeable, Di; or the one ever coming into manifestation as the God of redemption, De Oehl; compare also RS^{Brit. & For. Ev. Rev. 1876}, he will be it, i.e all that his servants look for (compare Ew^infr), he will approve himself (give evidence of being, assert his being Dr^l.c.17)).

**Theories of non-Hebrew or non-Semitic origin, opposed (in their older forms) by Bau^{Rel. i. 181 ff. (see especially 230)}; Dl^{Pa 162 ff.} claimed Babylonian origin for יהו, against this Kue^{national Religions, etc., Note iv (Eng. Trans. 329 ff.)} Jastr^{JBL xiil {1894}, 103 f.} compare Hpt^{BAS i. 170 N}; Dl^{Babel u. Bibel, 46 f., 73 f.} makes same claim for יהוה, against this see especially Hirsch^{ZAW xxiil {1903}, 355 ff.} Zim^{KATS. 465 ff.}; Spiegelb^{ZMG:liii {1899}, 633 ff.} proposes (improbable) Egyptian etymology for יהוה; further discussions see in Kö^{EB NAMES, § 112 and n.3}. 'Jehovah' found in Jacob (? Johannes) Wessel († 1480), according to Schw^{ThLZ, 1905, col. 612}.

I. יהוה is not used by E in Genesis, but is given Exod 3:12-15 as the name of the God who revealed Himself to Moses at Horeb, and is explained thus : אֶהְיֶה עִמָּ֑ךְ I shall be with thee (Exod 3:12), which is then implied in אֶהְיֶה אֲשֶׁר אֶהְיֶה I shall be the one who will be it vExod 3:14a (i.e: with thee vExod 3:12) and then compressed into אֶהְיֶה vExod 3:14b (i.e. with thee vExod 3:12), which then is given in the nominal form יהוה He who will be it vExod 3:15 (i.e. with thee vExod 3:12). compare Ew^{BTh ii. 337, 338} RS^{l.c., Proph. 385 ff.} Other interpretations are: I am he who I am, i.e. it is no concern of yours (Le Clerc Lag^{Psalt.Hieron.156}); I am (this is my name), inasmuch as I am (אֲשֶׁר = כִּי; AE JDMich We^JD Th xxi, 540 = compare Hexateuch 72); Di and others I am who I am, he who is essentially unnameable, inexplicable, — E uses יהוה sparingly by the side of אלהים and האלהים in his subsequent narrative. The Ephraimitic writers in Judges Samuel Kings use it in similar proportions. P abstains from the use of יהוה until he gives an account of its revelation to Moses Exod 6:3 but subsequently uses it freely. He gives no explanation of its meaning. He represents that אֵל שַׁדַּי was the God of the patriarchs. J uses יהוה from the beginning of his narrative, possibly explaining it, Gen 21:83 by אל עולם, the evergreen tamarisk being a symbol of the ever-living God; compare De Gen 21:33. Elsewhere יהוה is the common divine name in pre-exilic writers, but in post-exilic writers gradually falls into disuse, and is supplanted by אלהים and אדני. In Job it is used 31 t. in prose parts, and Job 12:9 (a proverb); not elsewhere in the poem. Chronicles apart from his sources prefers אלהים and האלהים. Daniel uses יהוה only in chap. 9 (7 t.); Ecclesiastes not at all. In the Elohistic group of Psalm 42-83 it is used 39 t. (see אלהים) . It occurs as the name of Israel's God MI¹⁸. It is doubtful whether it was used by other branches of the Shemitic family, compare COT Gen 2:4b Dl^{Pa 158 ff.} Dr^{Stud. Bib. i. 7 ff}.

II. 1. יהוה is used with אלהים and suffixes, especially in D;
a. with אֱלֹהֶיךָ in the Ten Words Exod 20:2-12 (5 t.) = Deut 5:6-16 in the law of worship of J E, Exod 23:19; Exod 34:24; Exod 34:26 in D 234 t.; Josh 1:9; Josh 1:17; Josh 9:9; Josh 9:24 (D²); elsewhere Gen 27:20; Exod 15:26 (JE), Judg 6:26 Samuel & Kings 20 t.; 1Chr 11:2; 1Chr 22:11; 1Chr 22:12; 2Chr 9:8 (twice in verse); 2Chr 16:7; Isa 7:11; Isa 37:4 (twice in verse); Isa 41:13; Isa 43:3; Isa 51:15; Isa 55:5; Jer 40:2 + (3t.); Hos 12:10; Hos 13:4; Hos 14:2; Amos 9:15; Ps 81:11.
b. with אֱלֹהֵיכֶם in D 46 t.; D² 28 t.; H 15 t.; P 15 t.; elsewhere Exod 23:25 (E); Exod 8:24; Exod 10:8; Exod 10:16; Exod 10:17 (JE); Judg 6:10; 1Sam 12:12; 1Sam 12:14; 2Kgs 17:39; 2Kgs 23:21; 1Chr 22:18 + (10 t. Chronicles) Ps 76:12; Jer 13:16 + (5 t.) Ezek 20:5; Ezek 20:7; Ezek 20:19; Ezek 20:20; Joel 2:13 + (6 t.) Zech 6:15.
c. with אֱלֹהֵינוּ in D 23 t.; in D² 5 t.; Exod 8:6 (JE) Exod 3:18; Exod 5:3; Exod 8:22; Exod 8:23; Exod 10:25; Exod 10:26 (E) Judg 11:24; 1Sam 7:8; 1Kgs 8:57; 1Kgs 8:59; 1Kgs 8:61; 1Kgs 8:65; 2Kgs 18:22; 2Kgs 19:10 = Isa 36:7; Isa 37:20; 1Chr 13:2 + (15 t. Chronicles) Mic 4:5; Mic 7:17; Isa 26:13; Jer 3:22 + (17 t.) Ps 20:8; Ps 90:17 (?;Baer אֲדנָֹי); Ps 94:23; Ps 99:5; Ps 99:8; Ps 99:9 (twice in verse); Ps 105:7; Ps 106:47; Ps 113:5; Ps 122:9; Ps 123:2; Dan 9:10; Dan 9:13; Dan 9:14.
d. with אֱלֹהֵיהֶם Exod 10:7 (J) Exod 29:46 (twice in verse); Lev 26:44 (P) Judg 3:7; Judg 8:34; 1Sam 12:9; 1Kgs 9:9; 2Kgs 17:7; 2Kgs 17:9; 2Kgs 17:14; 2Kgs 17:16; 2Kgs 17:19; 2Kgs 18:12; 2Chr 31:6; 2Chr 33:17; 2Chr 34:33; Neh 9:3 (twice in verse); Neh 9:4; Jer 3:21; Jer 22:9; Jer 30:9; Jer 43:1 (twice in verse); Jer 50:4; Ezek 28:26; Ezek 34:30; Ezek 39:22; Ezek 39:28; Hos 1:7; Hos 3:5; Hos 7:10; Zeph 2:7; Hag 1:12 (twice in verse); Zech 9:16; Zech 10:6.
e. with אֱלֹהָיו Num 23:21 (E) Exod 32:11 (J) Lev 4:22 (P) Deut 17:19; Deut 18:7; 1Sam 30:6; 1Kgs 5:17; 1Kgs 11:4; 1Kgs 15:3; 1Kgs 15:4; 1Kgs 2:11; 1Kgs 16:2; 1Kgs 2:1 + 13 t. Chronicles; Mic 5:3; Jer 7:28; Ps 33:12; Ps 144:15; Ps 146:5; Jonah 2:2. feminine with אֱלֹהַי Num 22:18 (JE) Deut 4:5; Deut 18:16; Deut 26:14; Josh 14:8; Josh 14:9; 2Sam 24:24; 1Kgs 3:7; 1Kgs 5:18; 1Kgs 5:19; 1Kgs 8:28; 1Kgs 17:20; 1Kgs 17:21; 1Chr 21:17; 1Chr 22:7; 2Chr 2:3; 2Chr 6:19; 2Chr 9:5; Ps 7:2; Ps 7:4; Ps 13:4; Ps 18:29; Ps 30:3; Ps 30:13; Ps 35:24; Ps 40:6; Ps 104:1; Ps 109:26; Isa 25:1; Jer 31:18; Dan 9:4; Dan 9:20; Jonah 2:7; Hab 1:12; Zech 11:4; Zech 13:9; Zech 14:5.
g. with אֱלֹהַיִךְ Isa 60:9; Jer 2:17; Jer 2:19; Jer 3:13; Mic 7:10; Zeph 3:17.
h. with אלהים, probably always due to later editors, or to a Qr which has crept into the text Gen 2:4b — Gen 3:23 (J, 20 t. either אלהים inserted by R^P as Di De; or יהוה inserted by J in an older source); Exod 9:30 (J, but not in ᵐ5 ⅏; Samaritan אדני יהוה; possibly ᵑ0 from earlier Qr, & ⅏ from later Qr); 2Sam 7:22; 2Sam 7:25 (ᵐ5 אדני יהוה and 1Chr 17:20-23 only יהוה); 1Chr 17:16; 1Chr 17:17 (but 2Sam 7:18; 2Sam 7:19 אדני יהוה) 1Chr 28:20; 1Chr 29:1; 2Chr 1:9; 2Chr 6:41 (twice in verse); 2Chr 6:42; 2Chr 26:18 (but in the original Ps 132:8 stood יהוה (so ℌ), or else no divine name); Ps 72:18 (the late doxology) Ps 84:12 (but it makes the line too long); Jonah 4:6. For the combinations with other divine names see those names.

2. the phrase אֲנִי יהוה is noteworthy: —
a. after אמר either alone Exod 6:2; Exod 6:29 (P) or before relative and other clauses: Gen 28:13 (J) Gen 15:7 (R) Exod 6:6 (P) with אלהיכם Judg 6:10; Ezek 20:5.
b. after ידע כי (α) Exod 7:17; Exod 8:18; Exod 10:2 (J); Exod 7:5; Exod 14:4; Exod 14:18 (P); 1Kgs 20:13; 1Kgs 20:28; Jer 24:7; Ezek 6:7 + 48 t. Ezekiel; (β) with אלהיכם Exod 6:7; Exod 16:12; Deut 29:5 (P) Exod 20:20; Joel 4:17 (γ) with אלהיהם Exod 29:46 (P) Ezek 28:26; Ezek 34:30; Ezek 39:22; Ezek 39:28 (δ) before relative and other clauses Isa 45:3; Isa 49:23; Isa 49:26; Isa 60:16; Ezek 7:9; Ezek 17:24; Ezek 21:10; Ezek 22:22; Ezek 35:12; Ezek 36:36 (ε) with various forms of קדשׁ Exod 31:13 (P) Ezek 20:12; Ezek 37:28; Ezek 39:7 (ζ) with דברתי Ezek 5:13; Ezek 17:21, compare ׳יֵדְעוּ אשׁר אני י Ezek 20:26.
c. after כִּי in various combinations Lev 11:44; Lev 11:45; Num 35:34 (P), Lev 20:7; Lev 20:26; Lev 21:8; Lev 21:15; Lev 21:23; Lev 22:16; Lev 24:22; Lev 25:17; Lev 26:1; Lev 26:44 (all H); Exod 15:26 (R) Isa 41:13; Isa 43:3; Isa 61:8; Jer 9:23; Ezek 12:25; Ezek 21:4; Zech 10:6; Mal 3:6.
d. emphatic Exod 6:8; Exod 12:12; Lev 26:2; Lev 26:45; Num 3:13; Num 3:41; Num 3:45 (all P); Lev 18:5; Lev 18:6; Lev 18:21; Lev 19:12; Lev 19:14; Lev 19:16; Lev 19:18; Lev 19:28; Lev 19:30; Lev 19:32; Lev 19:37; Lev 21:12; Lev 22:2; Lev 22:3; Lev 22:8; Lev 22:30; Lev 22:31; Lev 22:33 (all H) Isa 43:15 with אלהיהם Exod 29:46 with אלהיךָ Isa 48:17 with אלהיכם Lev 23:43; Lev 25:38; Lev 25:55; Num 10:10; Num 15:41 (twice in verse) (P) Lev 18:2; Lev 18:4; Lev 18:30; Lev 19:2; Lev 19:3; Lev 19:4; Lev 19:10; Lev 19:25; Lev 19:31; Lev 19:34; Lev 19:36; Lev 20:24; Lev 23:22; Lev 26:13 (all H) Ezek 20:7; Ezek 20:19; Joel 2:27 with מְקַדֵּשׁ Lev 20:8; Lev 22:9; Lev 22:32 (H), with דברתי Num 14:35 (P) Ezek 5:15 + (11 t. Ezekiel); with clauses Isa 27:3; Isa 41:4; Isa 41:17; Isa 42:6; Isa 42:8; Isa 45:5; Isa 45:6; Isa 45:7; Isa 45:8; Isa 45:18; Isa 45:19; Isa 45:21; Isa 60:22; Jer 17:10; Jer 32:27; Ezek 14:4; Ezek 14:7; Ezek 14:9; Ezek 34:24 אָנֹכִי יהוה is used in the Ten Words Exod 20:2; Exod 20:5 = Deut 5:6; Deut 5:9 cited Ps 81:11; Hos 12:10; Hos 13:4 elsewhere only Exod 4:11 (J) Isa 43:11; Isa 44:24; Isa 51:15.

3. יהוה is also used with several predicates, to form sacred names of holy places of Yahweh יהוה יראה Gen 22:14 (J); יהוה נסי Exod 17:15 (E) יהוה שׁלים Judg 6:24 יהוה צדקנו Jer 33:16 (compare Jer 23:6 where it is applied to the Messiah); יהוה שָׁ֑מָּה Ezek 48:35. — On combinations such as ׳הַר י, צְבָאוֺת ׳י etc., see הַר, צָבָא, etc.

Note. — Bonk^{ZAW 1891, 126 ff.} seems to shew that as prefix, in compare proper name, יְהוֺ is the oldest and the latest form and that יוֺ is intermediate, belonging to the earlier post-exilic period until the time of Chronicles; occasional copyists' mistakes being taken into the account.

BDB3475 H3068

׳יְהוֺ proper name compounded with, see below יהוה above.

BDB3483 H3068 H3069

יהוה proper name, of deity, see below הוה.

BDB3489 H3068 H3097

׳יו = ׳יְהוֺ proper name compounded with, see below יהוה above: — namely יוֺאָב, יוֺאָח, יוֺאָחָז, יוֺאֵל, יוֺאָשׁ, יוֺיָכִין, יוֺיָקִים, יוֺיָרִיב, יוֺעֵד, יוֺעָשׁ, יוֺקִים, יוֺרָם, יוֺתָם, etc.

lord, lords, god, jehovah, jehovah-jireh, …

yĕhōwâ

the existing One

(the) self-Existent or Eternal; Jeho-vah, Jewish national name of God

the proper name of the one true God

unpronounced except with the vowel pointings of H0136

וְ רַ֣ע

וְ

Prefix — connector and (sometimes: but, so, then)

רַ֣ע

Root word evil, evildoers, hurt, wickedly, worse, …

Dictionary form: רָעַע · raw-AH

Verb — Qal, Sequential Perfect (Weqatal), third person masculine singular simple action — "he did" carries the story forward — try "and he will ___" the built-in subject is "he (or it)"

In the KJV here: it and it displease

to do evil ×6 of evildoers ×4 do not so wickedly ×2 harm ×2 hurt ×2 of the wicked ×2 shall be evil ×2 a wicked doer ×1

More options

do wrong — Broad moral sense; fits most narrative and legal contexts.

harm — When the focus is on injury caused to another party.

act wickedly — Emphasizes deliberate moral or ethical violation.

afflict — Prefer when subject causes suffering or oppression to others.

do evil — Modernizes KJV phrase; retains theological weight of the original.

break — Use for physical destruction or shattering contexts.

BDB8000 H7462 H7489

II. [רָעָה] verb probably associate with (compare Schulth^{69 ff.} but also Nö^{ZMG iiv (1900), 154 f.}; Assyrian ru°a, ruttu, neighbour, fellow (masculine and feminine; compare Jäger^{BAS i. 483,486}); so Bedouin , master, owner, Wallin^{ZMG v (1851), 9} Jayakar^{JA xxi. 851}; Ethiopic marriage; Arabic , Ethiopic yoke; Late Hebrew רֵעוּת friendship is from Biblical Hebrew רֵעַ); —

Qal Imperative masculine singular וּרְעֵה אֱמוּנָה Ps 37:3 cherish faithfulness (Hup-Now RV Che Du Dr); > feed seocurely (Bae; I.רעה; feed on (his) faithfulness AmRV); Participle כְסִילִים רֹעֶה Prov 13:20 one associating with fools, so ׳זֹלְלְים ר Prov 28:7, זוֺנוֺת ׳ר Prov 29:3 (Thes and others think these figurative from I. רעה, see 2 b). Hithpa`el 2 masculine singular אַלתִּֿתְרַע אֶתבַּֿעַל אָ֑ף Prov 22:24 do not make companionship with a bad-tempered man; perhaps also 3 feminine plural תִּתְרָעֶינָה Isa 11:7 (Lag^{Or. i. 21}; Deceased Wife's Sister 399 Brd Du Che Hpt) cow and bear shall be each other's companions; + Infinitive construct הִתְרָעֹת Prov 18:24 (Toy, for ᵑ0 הִתְרֹעֵעַ) there are [יֵשׁ, for אִישׁ] friends (merely) to be companions (see II. רעע near the end).

BDB8031 H7455 H7489

רֹעַ noun [masculine] badness, evil; — ׳ר absolute Gen 41:19 + 4 t. Jeremiah; construct Hos 9:15 + 13 t.; —

1. badness, bad quality, of cattle Gen 41:19 (E), figs Jer 24:2; Jer 24:3; Jer 24:8; Jer 29:17.

2. wilfulness, רֹעַ לבב 1Sam 17:28 (Gerber^{161 makes} 2 and 4 [infinitive of] verb).

3. ethical, evil, badness, only in phrase: רֹעַ מעללים evil of doings Deut 28:20; Isa 1:16; Jer 4:4; Jer 21:12; Jer 23:2; Jer 23:22; Jer 25:5; Jer 26:3; Jer 44:22; Hos 9:15; Ps 28:4 (compare רַע מעללים 1Sam 25:3).

4. sadness, פָּנִים ׳ר Eccl 7:3, לֵב ׳ר Neh 2:3 (compare [רָעַע] 2).

BDB8035 H7489 H4827

[רָעַע]₉₈ verb denominative be evil, bad; —

Qal Perfect 3 masculine singular רַע Num 22:34 + 3 t., רָ֑ע Num 11:10 3 feminine singular רָעָה Deut 15:9 (Exod 21:8 see I. רַע); Imperfect 3 masculine singular יֵרַע (Ges^{«GKC:67p»§ 67p}) Gen 21:12 +; 3 feminine singular תֵּרַע Deut 28:54; Deut 28:56 3 masculine plural יֵרְעוּ Neh 2:3 —

1. be displeasing: רַע בְּעֵינֵי Num 11:10; Num 22:34 (J), Josh 24:15 (E), Jer 40:4; Prov 24:18 (with וְ consecutive) imperfect יֵרַע בְּעֵינֵי Gen 21:11; Gen 21:12 (E), Gen 48:17 (J), 1Sam 8:6; 1Sam 18:8; 2Sam 11:25 later, וַיֵּרַעאֶל Jonah 4:1 or וירעלְ Neh 2:10 (intensified by רָעָה גְרוֺלֶה), וַיֵּרַעלִי מְאֹד Neh 13:8.

2. be sad: ירע לבב Deut 15:10; 1Sam 1:8 יֵרְעוּ פָנַי Neh 2:3.

3. be injurious, evil: וַיִּרַע לְ Ps 106:32 it went ill with Moses, person subject 2Sam 20:6 רָעָה עַיִן be grudging, with ב person, Deut 15:9; Deut 28:54; Deut 28:56.

4. be evil, wicked, ethically: ׳וַיֵּרַע בְּעֵינֵי י Gen 38:10 (J) 2Sam 11:27; Isa 59:15 בְּעֵינֵי אֱלֹהַים 1Chr 21:7. Niph`al suffer hurt: Imperfect 3 masculine singular (רַע) יֵרוֺעַ Prov 11:15; Prov 13:20. Hiph`il₇₀ Perfect 3 masculine singular הֵרַע Exod 5:23 +; 2 masculine singular הֲרֵעוֺתָ 1Kgs 17:20, etc.; Imperfect 3 masculine singular יָרֵעַ Zeph 1:12, וַיָּרַע 1Kgs 16:25 2 masculine singular תָּרַע Ps 44:3 +, etc.; Infinitive absolute הָרֵעַ 1Sam 12:25; 1Chr 21:17 construct הָרַע Gen 31:7 + 8 t., הָרֵעַ֑ Isa 1:16 + 4 t.; Participle מֵרַע Isa 9:16; Prov 17:4 plural מְרֵעִים Isa 1:4 +; —

1. do an injury, hurt: absolute Gen 44:5 (J), Isa 11:9 = Isa 65:25, Jer 31:28; Prov 4:16; Prov 24:8 opposed to היטיב Isa 41:23; Jer 10:5; Zeph 1:12 (all in prov. Phr. = do anything at all, compare רָע 2); הרע ל Gen 19:9; Gen 43:6; Exod 5:22; Exod 5:23; Num 11:11 (J) Num 20:15; Josh 24:20 (E) + 5 t.; with accusative of person Num 16:15 (J) + 4t.; with בְּ, 1Chr 16:22 = Ps 105:15 (with ל), Jer 25:29; Ps 74:3 with עִמָּדִי Gen 31:7 (E); with על 1Kgs 17:20 bring evil upon; swear לְהָרַע, = to one's hurt, Ps 15:4; Lev 5:4 (P); Participle = substantive לְבָכָם לְמֵרָ֔ע Dan 11:27 (shall be) for mischief.

2. do evil, wickedly: absolute Gen 19:7 (J) 1Sam 12:25 (twice in verse) + 6 t.; opposed to היטיב Jer 4:22; Jer 13:23 with מִן compare, 1Kgs 14:9; 1Kgs 16:25; 2Kgs 21:11; Jer 7:26; Jer 16:12 with accusative הֵרֵעוּ מַעַלְלֵיהֶם Mic 3:4, compare 1Sam 25:3 Participle מֵרַע evil doer, Isa 9:16; Prov 17:4 plural Jer 20:13; Jer 23:14; Ps 27:2 + 7 t.; ׳וֶרַע מ Isa 1:4; Isa 14:20 ׳בית מ Isa 31:2 ׳עֲרַתמ Ps 22:17 ׳קִחַל מ Ps 26:5 ׳סוֺר מ Ps 64:3.

BDB8036 H7489 H7465 H7462

II. [רָעַע] verb break (Aramaic loan-word = Hebrew רָצַץ q. v.); —

Qal Perfect 3 plural רָעוּ Jer 11:16 Imperfect 3 masculine singular יָרֹעַ Jer 15:12; Job 34:24, 2 masculine singular suffix תְּרֹעֵם Ps 2:9 (but see below); Infinitive absolute רֹ֫עָה Isa 24:19 (strike out ה as dittograph and read רֹעַ, see Hithpo`el); Participle feminine רֹעָה (? for רֹעֲעָה) Prov 25:19: —

1. transitive הֲיָרֹע בַּרְזֶל ׳בַּרְזֶל וגו Jer 15:12 can one break iron, iron out of the north? compare יָרֹעַ כַּבִּירִים Job 34:24 תְּרֹעֵם בְּשֵֹׁבֶט בַּרְזֶל Ps 2:9 (but read תִּרְעֵם, see I. רהְ, ᵐ5 ᵑ6 ᵑ9 Hup-Now and others).

2. intransitive break = be broken, of branches Jer 11:16 (in figurative; Gf Or and others; > Hi Gie are in a sad state, √ I. רעע); שֵׁן רֹעָה Prov 25:19 a broken tooth (׳ר = רֹעֲעָה?; Frankenb Niph`al Participle נְרָעָה, compare Toy, but Niph`al not elsewhere; Vrss רָעָה bad). — רֹ֫עוּ Isa 8:9 read דְּעוּ (ᵐ5 Lo Che and others, || הַאֲזִינוּ). Hithpo`el Perfect 3 feminine singular + Qal Infinitive absolute (see above) צרץ[הָ] רֹעַ הִתְרֹעֲעָה Isa 24:19 the earth is broken asunder (|| פּוֺר תִתְפּוֺרְרָה, מוֺט הִתְמוֺטְטָה); also Infinitive construct לְהִתְרוֺעֵעַ Prov 18:24 will be broken in pieces (Ges^{«GKC:114i»§ 114i}), ruined, De and others, but < read לְהִתְרָעוֺת Vrss Toy and others, see רעה Hithpa`el (see, however, Dr^{Expos. Times xi (1899-1900), 230f.}).

BDB9359 H888 H887 H7489

בְּאֵשׁ verb be evil, bad (so ᵑ7; Syriac ; Old Aramaic באש Lzb²³⁸ SAC²⁷ Cooke¹⁹¹; compare Biblical Hebrew); —

Pe`al Perfect 3 masculine singular impersonal עֲלוֺהִי ׳ב Dan 6:15 i.e. it was evil (displeasing) to him (compare Biblical Hebrew [רעע] 1).

evil, evildoers, hurt, wickedly, worse, …

rāʿaʿ

properly, to spoil (literally, by breaking to pieces); figuratively, to make (or be) good for nothing, i.e., bad (physically, socially or morally)

to be bad, be evil

(Qal)

to be displeasing

to do an injury or hurt

(Qal)

to break

בְּ עֵינָ֑י ו

בְּ

Prefix — preposition in, at, by, with

עֵינָ֑י

Root word eyes, sight, eye, seemeth, colour, …

ו

Suffix — pronoun his / him / it

Dictionary form: עַיִן · ah-YIN

Noun — Common, both dual, construct state dual — a natural pair ("two ___"); "___ of …" — bound to the next word

in the sight ×109 mine eyes ×45 thine eyes ×42 his eyes ×39 in thy sight ×26 the eyes ×22 in the eyes ×20 eye ×16

More options

eye — Core anatomical meaning; singular, most versatile starting point.

sight — Prefer for phrases like 'in the sight of'; perception sense.

spring — Use when the referent is a water source, not a body part.

appearance — Suits contexts describing color, resemblance, or visual quality.

presence — Idiomatic in phrases meaning 'before someone'; relational nuance.

opinion — For idioms like 'in his own eyes'; subjective judgment sense.

BDB5892 H5772 H5771 H5869

[עוֺנָה] Qr, [ עֵינָה] Kt noun feminine only suffix Hos 10:10: Qr plural עוֺנֹתָם Baer, singular עוֺנָתָם Ginsb; > עֵינֹתָם Kt; but read עֲוֺנֹתָם, see עָוֺן 1 a..

BDB5893 H5869

עֹוֵן Kt 1Sam 18:9 see עין.

עִוְעִים see below I. עוה.

BDB6014 H5869

I. עַ֫יִן₈₅₉ noun feminine^{Gen 3:7} and (Zech 3:9; Zech 4:10 Albr^{ZAW xvi (1896), 75}) masculine eye (ancient Semitic word; √ and relation to II. ׳ע unknown; Late Hebrew id.; Phoenician ען; ᵑ7 עֵינָא, עַיְינָא Palmyrene עינא Zinjirli suffix עיני, עינך Syriac ; Assyrian ênu, enu, Tel Amarna suffix inaya and (apparently Canaanite gloss —inaya; Arabic ; Ethiopic ); — absolute ׳ע Exod 21:4 +, construct עֵין vExod 21:26 +; suffix עֵינִי Gen 44:21 + (2Sam 16:12 read עָנְיִי Vrss Comm.), עֵינְךָ Deut 7:16 +, עֵינֵנוּ Ps 35:21 (2Sam 20:6 see נצל Hiph`il); suffix 3 masculine plural עֵינָם Isa 13:18 (Zech 5:6 read עֲוֺנָם ᵐ5 We Gr Now), עֵינֵמוֺ Ps 73:7 (but read עֲוֺנָמוֺ see Commentaries); usually dual עֵינַיִם Gen 20:16 +, עֵינָ֑יִם Isa 3:16 +, especially construct עֵינֵי Gen 3:7 +, עֵנֵי Isa 3:8 suffix עֵינַי Gen 31:10 +, עֵינֶיךָ Judg 6:17 +, etc. (Hos 10:10 read עֲוֺנֹתָם compare ᵐ5 ᵑ9 Che We Gr Now); — eye:

1. literally as physical organ,
a. of man Exod 21:6 (3 t. in verse) (E), Gen 3:6 (J) +, Lev 21:20; Lev 24:20 (twice in verse); Lev 26:16 (H; very rarely P, e.g. Deut 34:4; Deut 34:7), 2Kgs 4:34 (twice in verse) +; once שְׁתֵּי עֵינַי Judg 16:28.
b. anthropomorph. of ׳י Ps 33:18; Ps 34:16 +.
c. of idols Ps 115:5; Ps 135:16.
d. of beasts Gen 30:41 (J), Job 40:24 (hippop., si vera lectio, but probably corrupt Di Siegf Bu Du where see conjectures), Job 41:10 (crocodile); bird Job 28:7; Job 39:29; .
e. in wheels Ezek 1:18 compare Ezek 10:12 on stone Zech 3:9 (all in visions). feminine subject of ראה see Gen 45:12 (twice in verse) (E), + (often Deuteronomy), with חזה Ps 11:4 men see ׳בְּע Deut 3:27; 2Kgs 7:12 +; especially ׳נָשָׂא ע + ראה Gen 13:10; Gen 10:14 (J) +; compare לְכָלמַֿרְאֵה עֵינֵי הַכֹּהֵן Lev 13:12 = as far as the priest can see, ׳מַרְאֵה ע Deut 28:34 what is seen by the eyes = vDeut 28:67; Eccl 6:9.
g. as affected by sleep, see שֵׁנָה below [יָשֵׁן].
h. as weeping, מְקוֺר דִּמְעָה ׳ע Jer 8:23, נִגְּרָה ׳ע Lam 3:49, ׳דָּֽלְפָה ע Job 16:20 see also Jer 31:16; Ps 116:8, and ירד Qal 3 c. i. as growing dim, see I. כָּהָה, חָשַׁךְ 3; with כָּבֵד Gen 48:10 (E), קוּם 1Sam 4:15; 1Kgs 14:4, שָׁעַע Isa 32:3; Isa 6:10 (Hiph`il); with כָּלָה pine, languish, see ׳כ Qal 2 b, Pi`el 2 b, with דָּאַב Ps 88:10, עָשַׁשׁ Ps 6:8; Ps 31:10, דָּלַל Isa 38:14.
j. with פָּקַח open, after sleep Job 27:19, sleep of death 2Kgs 4:35 = keep awake Prov 20:13 (opposed to שֵׁנָה); of new power of vision Gen 3:5; Gen 3:7 (J), given by God Gen 21:19 (E), 2Kgs 6:17 (twice in verse); so (with וַיְגַל) Num 22:31 (JE); = give sight to blind 2Kgs 6:20 (twice in verse); Isa 35:5; Isa 42:7; Ps 146:8 of God (׳י) opening his eyes, ׳פָּקַח ע 2Kgs 19:16 = Isa 37:17; Dan 9:18, + עַלֿ Jer 32:19; Zech 12:4; Job 14:3 עַל {abbrev}שִׂי֥֥ ע Gen 44:21 (J) Jer 39:12; Jer 40:4, + לטובה Jer 24:6, + לרעה Amos 9:4 with פָּתַח + אֶלֿ 1Kgs 8:29 = 2Chr 6:20; 1Kgs 8:52; Neh 1:6, + ל 2Chr 6:40; 2Chr 7:15 + infinitive Neh 1:6. — Num 24:3; Num 24:15 see שׁתם
k. ׳אוֺר ע etc., = revive, see אור

verb Qal, Hiph`il; noun, 10.

1. ׳קָרַץ ע = wink Ps 35:19; Prov 10:10, ׳בְּע ׳ק Prov 6:13. masculine ׳יִרְזְמוּן ע Job 15:12 i.e. roll (in anger).
n. ׳ל ׳לָטַשׁ ע Job 16:9 whet eyes against = 'look daggers at.'
o. put out eye, see עִוֵּר, נקר
p. as feature of beauty, ׳יְפֵה ע Deut 16:12 compare Song 4:9; Song 7:5, יוֺנִים ׳ע Song 1:15; Song 4:1 and Song 5:12 (כְּיוֺנִים); on other hand, לֵאָה רַכּוֺת ׳ע Gen 29:17 (E); ׳וַתָּשֶׂם בַּפּוּךְ ע 2Kgs 9:30 (see פּוּךְ), compare Jer 4:30, ׳כָּחַל ע Ezek 23:40 paint the eyes .
q. apple of the eye, see אִישׁוֺן, [בָּבָה], בַּת

6. r. ׳גַּבֹּת ע Lev 14:9 eyebrows.
s. ׳חַכְלִילִי ע מִָיּ֑יִן Gen 49:12, ׳חַכְלִילוּת ע Prov 23:29 (see ׳ח); ׳מְאוֺר ע Prov 15:30, see Toy.

2. a. eyes as shewing mental qualities: arrogance גַבְהוּת ׳ע Isa 2:11, גְבֹהִים ׳ע Isa 5:15, ׳גְּבַהּעֿ Ps 101:5, ׳תִּפְאֶרֶת רוּם ע Isa 10:12 with רוּם also Ps 18:28 (so read also || 2Sam 22:28 Hup HPS), 2Sam 131:1; Prov 6:17; Prov 21:4 humility, ׳שַׁח ע Job 22:29 mockery, תִּלְעַג לְ ׳ע Prov 30:17 compare בְּ ׳רָעָה ע Deut 15:9 (grudging), Deut 28:54; Deut 28:56 (id.); especially (עַל) אַלתָּֿחֹס ׳ע not have pity on Deut 7:16 + 4 t. Deuteronomy; Ezek 5:11 + 8 t. Ezekiel; Isa 13:18, also Gen 45:20 (E; = not regret); compare ׳נֹחַם יִסָּתֵר מֵע Hos 13:14.
b. ׳מַחְמַד ע Ezek 24:16 desire of the eyes, so vEzek 24:21 vEzek 24:25 ׳שִׁקּוּצֵי ע Ezek 20:7 abominations of the eyes, so vEzek 20:8. — Ps 73:7 see חֵלֶב.

3. Figurative of mental and spiritual faculties, acts and states:
a. ׳תִּפָּקַחְנָה ע Gen 3:5; Gen 3:7 (J) Isa 42:7, ׳גְּלּוּי ע Num 24:4; Num 24:16 (JE); also ׳טַח מֵרְאוֺת ע Isa 44:18 ׳אֶליֿ ׳ע Ps 123:2 (see vPs 123:2 vPs 123:2 for origin of figurative), +; of ׳י, Ps 33:18 (i.e. his favour) Ps 34:16 (id. +.
b. הַזִּנוֺת ׳ע Ezek 6:9 ׳תִּשְׂבַּע ע Eccl 1:8; Eccl 4:8 ׳שָֽׁאֲלוּ ע Eccl 2:10 לְֹנכַח יַבִּיטוּ ׳ע Prov 4:25 ׳טוֺבעֿ Prov 22:9 = bountiful, רַע עָ֑יִן Prov 23:6 = niggardly one, so Prov 28:22 eye as avenue of temptation Job 31:1; Job 31:7 ׳שִׁית ע Ps 17:11 = designation
c. especially בְּעֵינֵי, with adjective and intransitive verbs, in the view, opinion, of Gen 16:4; Gen 16:5 (J), Gen 21:11; Gen 21:12 (E), Gen 34:18 (P), + often; with active verb 2Sam 10:3 = 1Chr 19:3; Esth 1:17; Esth 3:6 ׳הַטּוֺב בְּע Gen 16:6; Gen 19:14 (J), +, i.e. what one pleases, Num 36:6 (P) whom they please; ׳הַיָּשָׁר בְּע Deut 12:8; Deut 12:25 +, ׳הַטּוֺב וְהַיָּשָׁר בְּע vDeut 12:28; Josh 9:25 (D), ׳הָרַע בְּע Judg 2:11; Judg 3:7; Deut 4:25 + especially D and Kings (R^D); so לְנֶגֶד עיניו 2Sam 22:25 = Ps 18:25 אַחֲרֵי עֵינֵיכֶם Num 15:39 = according to your wish, fancy (+ לְבַבְכֶם).
d. ׳נֶעְלָם מֵע Lev 4:13 i.e. hid from knowledge of, so Num 5:13 (both P), Job 28:21 ׳מֵע Num 15:24 (P) without the knowledge of; מִן ׳אַעְלִים ע Isa 1:15 = disregard, pay no attention; compare Lev 20:4 (H) Ezek 22:26 without מִן, absolute, Prov 28:27 ׳נִסְתְּרוּ מֵע Isa 65:16, ׳וַיַּסְתֵּר עָמָל מֵע Job 3:10 בּוֺ ׳אַעְלִים ע (i.e. בַּכֹּפֶר) 1Sam 12:3 (נעלים sandals + ענו בי ᵐ5 Th We Kit, compare Ecclus^{xlvi. 19}; Bu HPS insert ענו בי); ׳הַשֹּׁחַד יְעַוֵּר ע Deut 16:19, compare ׳כְּסוּת ע Gen 20:16 (E).

4. Transferred meanings:
a. visible surface of earth Exod 10:5; Exod 10:15 (J) Num 22:5; Num 22:11 (JE).
b. appearance Lev 13:5 (P; reading בְּעֵינוֺ Di Kau Dr-Wh), vLev 13:37 (P; reading id.), vLev 13:55 (P) Num 11:7 (twice in verse) (JE); so apparently dual 1Sam 16:7.
c. gleam, sparkle (of metal, jewels, etc.) Ezek 1:4; Ezek 1:7; Ezek 1:16; Ezek 1:22; Ezek 1:27; Ezek 8:2; Ezek 10:9; Dan 10:6 of wine Prov 23:31.

5. Other phrases are: ׳תַּחַת ע ׳ע Exod 21:24 (E) = Lev 24:20 (H), = ׳בְּע ׳ע Deut 19:21, all = an eye for an eye; ׳בְּע ׳ע = eye to eye, Num 14:14 (P) Isa 52:8 (figurative), compare תִּרְאֶינָה ׳אֶתעֿ ׳וְע Jer 32:4; Jer 34:3 especially לְעֵינֵי in the presence of, in full view of Gen 42:24 (E) Gen 47:19 (J) Exod 4:30 (J) Num 19:5 (P), + oft; of business transaction Jer 32:12 (twice in verse); Gen 23:11; Gen 23:18 (P); so ׳נֶגֶד ע Joel 1:16, ׳לְנֶגֶד ע Job 4:16, and even ׳בְּע 1Sam 21:14; Ezra 3:12 ׳נִגְרַזְתּי מִנֶּגֶד ע Ps 31:23 ׳בֵּין ע = on the forehead Exod 13:9; Exod 13:16 (JE) Deut 6:8; Deut 11:18; Deut 14:1; Dan 8:5; Dan 8:21.

BDB6016 H5869 H5871 H5878 H5875 H5883 H5886 H8179

II. עַ֫יִן noun feminine spring (of water) (connection with I. ׳ע dubious; Late Hebrew id., Phoenician ען; Assyrian ênu, înu; Arabic ; Ethiopic ; Palmyrene עינא, ᵑ7 עֵינָא, עַיְינָא; Syriac ); — absolute ׳ע 1Sam 29:1 +, עָ֑יִן Gen 49:22 +, הָעַ֫יְנָה Gen 24:16; Gen 24:45 construct עֵין vGen 24:13 +; plural עֲיָנֹת Deut 8:7, וֺת- 2Chr 32:3 construct עֵינוֺת Exod 15:27 = Num 33:9, עִינוֺת Prov 8:28 (Ges^{«GKC:93v»§ 93v}); — spring Gen 16:7; Gen 24:16; Gen 24:29; Gen 24:30; Gen 24:42; Gen 24:45 (all J) Gen 49:22 (poem in J), 1Sam 29:1 עֵין חַמַּיִם Gen 16:7; Gen 24:13; Gen 24:43 (J), compare Exod 15:27 (J) Num 33:9 (P); ׳נַחֲלֵי מַיִם ע וּתְחֹמֹת Deut 8:7 מֵימֵי הָעֲיָנוֺת 2Chr 32:3 תְּהוֺם ׳ְ Prov 8:28 (i.e. of the sea); figurative עֵין יַעֲקֹב Deut 33:28 (poem), i.e. Jacob's descendants. Particular springs are:
a. חֲרֹד ׳ע Judg 7:1 (on location compare GFM).
b. הַקּוֺרֵא ׳ע (partridge-spring) Judg 15:19 (compare id.).
c. רֹגֵּל ׳ע near Jerusalem (early sanctuary RS^{Sem i. 157, 2nd ed. 172}) 2Sam 17:17 compare 1Kgs 1:2, on border of Judah Josh 15:7, and Benjamin Josh 18:16.
d. הַתַּנִּין ׳ע (dragon-spring) Neh 2:13 (= c ? so RS^l.c.). — On שַׁעַר הָעַיִן Neh 2:14; Neh 3:15; Neh 12:37 see שַׁעַר

BDB8929 H8179 H5869

שַׁ֫עַר₃₇₃ noun masculine^{2Sam 18:24} (feminine^{Isa 14:31} in personification, Albr^{ZAW xvi (1896), 86}) gate; — ׳שׁ absolute Judg 9:40 +, construct Gen 22:17 +; with ה locative, שָׁ֑עְרָה Isa 28:6 +; plural שְׁעָרִים 2Sam 18:24 +, construct שַׁעֲרֵי 1Sam 17:52 +; suffix שְׁעָרֶיךָ Deut 12:15 +, שַׁעֲרֵיהֶם Ezek 21:20; Ezek 48:34, etc.; —

1. a. gate, entrance to city, shut (סָגַר) by night Josh 2:5; Josh 2:7 (JE), compare Isa 45:1, opened (פָּתַח) by day Neh 7:3, compare Isa 60:11 for entrance (בּוֺא), and exit (יָצָא) Jer 17:19; Jer 17:20; Jer 17:21; Jer 17:24; Jer 17:25; Jer 17:27; Lam 4:12; Ezek 26:10 +; ׳עָבַר שׁ Mic 2:13 pass out through (disregard accents), ׳בַּשׁ ׳ע Isa 62:10 with bars Ps 147:13 attacked Ezek 21:20; Ezek 21:27, compare Isa 28:6; Mic 1:9; Mic 1:12; 1Sam 17:52 on Judg 5:8; Judg 5:11 see Commentaries; burned (by foe) Jer 19:27; Jer 51:58; Neh 1:3; Neh 2:3; Neh 2:13; Neh 2:17 as giving control, possession, of city, אֹיְבָיו ׳יָרַשׁ אֵת שׁ Gen 22:17; Gen 24:60 (J); ׳פֶּתַח הַשּׁ Judg 9:40 + (see ׳פ), ׳דַּלְתוֺת הַשּׁ 1Sam 21:14 + (see ׳ד 3); ׳פֶּתַחהַֿשּׁ Judg 18:16; Judg 18:17 of farm or village; so of camp Exod 32:26; Exod 32:27 (J). In cities, elaborate structure, with roof 2Sam 18:24, upper chamber 2Sam 19:1 compare שְׂאוּ שְׁעָרִים רָאשֵׁיכֶם Ps 24:7; Ps 24:9 write laws ׳בִּשׁ Deut 6:9 ( + עַלמְֿזֻזוֺת בֵּיתֶ֑ךָ), Deut 11:20 (+id..); ׳בְּתוֺךְ הַשּׁ 1Sam 9:18, ׳אֶלאתּוֺךְ הַשּׁ 2Sam 3:27 ׳(לְ)יַד שׁ as public, 1Sam 4:18, + v1Sam 4:13 ᵐ5 Th We Dr and others, compare 2Sam 15:2; 2Sam 18:4; Prov 8:3 (|| מְבוֺא פְתָחִים).
b. particular gates of Jerusalem are: (1) אֶפְרַיִם ׳שׁ 2Kgs 14:13 || 2Chr 25:23; Neh 8:16; Neh 12:39 (2) הָאַשְׁפֹּת ׳שׁ Neh 2:13; Neh 3:14; Neh 12:31 = הָֽשְׁפוֺת ׳שׁ Neh 3:13 (3) בִּנְיָמִין ׳שׁ Jer 37:13; Jer 38:7; Zech 14:10 (4) הַגַּיִא ׳שׁ Neh 2:13; Neh 2:15; Neh 3:13; 2Chr 26:9 (5) הַדָּגִים ׳שׁ Zeph 1:10; Neh 3:3; Neh 12:39; 2Chr 33:14 (6) בֵּין הַחֹמֹתַיִם ׳שׁ 2Kgs 25:4 = Jer 52:7 compare Jer 39:4 (7) החרסות ׳שׁ Jer 19:2 (8) הַיְשָׁנָה ׳שׁ Neh 3:6; Neh 12:39 (9) הַמִּזְרָךְ ׳שׁ Neh 3:29 (10) הַמַּטָּרָה ׳שׁ Neh 12:39 (11) ׳הַמָּ֑יִם שׁ Neh 8:1; Neh 8:3; Neh 8:16 (12) הַמַּיִם לַמִּזְרָ֑ח ׳שׁ Neh 3:26,compare Neh 12:37 (13) הַמִּפְקָ֑ד ׳שׁ Neh 3:31 (14) הָעַיִן ׳שׁ Neh 2:14; Neh 3:15; Neh 12:37 (15) הַסּוּסִים ׳שׁ Jer 31:40; Neh 3:28 (compare 3 b); (16) הַפִּנָּה ׳שׁ 2Kgs 14:13 || 2Chr 25:23 (read הַפִּנָּה for הַפּוֺנֶה), Jer 31:38; 2Chr 26:9 probably = הַפִּנִּים ׳שׁ Zech 14:10 (17) הַצּאֹן ׳שׁ Neh 3:1; Neh 3:32; Neh 12:39 (18) הָרִאשׁוֺן ׳שׁ Zech 14:10 — on sites and related to each other see RS-GASm^{Ency. Bib. JERUSALEM} Conder^{Hast. DB id.} Buhl^{G 133 ff.} Bd^{Pal. under the word} Murray^{Hd. Bk, under the word} BeRy^{Ne p. 182 ff.} Gu^ZPV, especially v (1882). 7 ff. viii (1885), 245 ff. Comm.^{on the passage variant} reading
c. of Ezekiel's holy city, שַׁעֲרֵי הָעִיר Ezek 48:31, three on each side, named for tribes, vEzek 48:31 vEzek 48:31 vEzek 48:31 vEzek 48:31 + 12 t. Ezek 48.

2. a. gate = space inside gate, as public meeting-place, market 2Kgs 7:1; 2Kgs 7:18, place of public well 2Sam 23:15; 2Sam 23:16 = 1Chr 11:17; 1Chr 11:18, where elders, judges, king, sat officially Deut 21:19; Deut 22:15; Amos 5:12; Amos 5:15; Isa 29:21; 2Sam 18:24; 2Sam 19:9; 1Kgs 22:10 = 2Chr 18:9; Gen 19:1 (J) Prov 24:7; Job 5:4; Job 31:21; Ruth 4:1 (twice in verse); Prov 31:23; Prov 31:31, etc.; of conqueror Jer 1:15 apparently = ׳רְחוֺב שׁ Gen 19:2 (J) Neh 8:16; 1Chr 9:16 + (see I. ׳ר); Gen 34:20 (P) one came unto gate (בָּא אֶלֿ), so ׳בָּאֵי שׁ Gen 23:10; Gen 23:18 (P) those entering the gate, i.e. having citizens' rights; also went out (to), ׳יָצָא שׁ Job 29:7 (i.e., in this case, from his own house, outside the city), hence ׳כָּליֹֿצְאֵי שׁ Gen 34:24 (twice in verse) (P; compare also הוֺצִיא אֶלֿ Deut 21:19; Deut 22:15; Deut 22:24); hence = body of citizens, עַמִּי׳כָּלשֿׁ Ruth 3:11.
b. hence also = city Isa 14:31 (|| עִיר), Ps 87:2, etc.
c. specifically in Deuteronomy, בִּשְׁעָרֶיךָ in thy gates, i.e. thy cities, towns, etc., Deut 5:14 = Exod 20:10; Deut 12:12; Deut 12:15; Deut 12:17; Deut 12:21 + 22 t. Deuteronomy + 1Kgs 8:37 (read ׳בְּאַחַד שׁ, compare Deut 18:6; Deut 23:17, so ᵐ5 ᵑ6 modern), so || 2Chr 6:28, + (perhaps) Jer 14:2 (but Jer 15:7; Nah 3:13 figurative of gates as entrance to land); of private house, שַׁעֲרֵי צַדִּיק Prov 14:19 (perhaps compare Judg 18:16 1 a above).

3. a. gate of royal castle or palace 2Kgs 9:31; Jer 22:2; Jer 22:4; Neh 2:8; Esth 2:19 + 10 t. Esther; specifically (of king of Judah), סוּר ׳שׁ 2Kgs 11:6 = הַיְסוֺד ׳שׁ 2Chr 23:5 (see ׳ס, ׳יס), הָרָצִים ׳שׁ 2Kgs 11:19, ׳אַחַר הָר ׳הַשּׁ v2Kgs 11:6 ׳הַסּוּסִים בֵּית הַמּ ׳שׁ 2Chr 23:15 ( = ׳מְבוֺא הַסּ || 2Kgs 11:16); apparently of official residence, יְהוֺשֻׁעַ ׳פֶּתַח שׁ 2Kgs 23:8.
b. of temple Jer 7:2 (twice in verse); 1Chr 9:23; 1Chr 16:42 + 12 t. Chronicles, including ׳שַׁעֲרֵי מַחֲנוֺת י 2Chr 31:2 (see מַחֲנֶה 1, p. 334), compare Ps 100:4; Ps 118:20, שַׁעֲרֵי צֶדֶק vPs 100:19 specifically בִּנְיָמִין הָעֶלְיוֺן ׳שׁ Jer 20:2, and (omit ׳בִּנְי) 2Kgs 15:35 = 2Chr 27:3; Ezek 9:2; 2Chr 23:20, הֶחָדָשׁ ׳(בֵּית) י ׳שׁ Jer 26:10; Jer 36:10, הַפְּנִימִית הַפּוֺנֶה ׳שׁ צָפוֺנָה Ezek 8:3 compare vEzek 8:14, Ezek 8:5, הַקַּדְמֹנִי ׳הַמִּזְבֵּחַ שַׁעַר בֵּית י ׳שׁ Ezek 10:19; Ezek 11:1 שַׁלֶּכֶת ׳שׁ 1Chr 26:16 שַׁעַר הַמֶּלֶח 1Chr 9:18.
c. of Ezekiel's temple and courts Ezek 40:3; Ezek 40:6; Ezek 44:11; Ezek 44:17 + 67 t. Ezek 40-47.
d. of court of tabernacle (P), הֶחָצֵר ׳שׁ Exod 27:16; Exod 35:17 + 6t. Exodus + Num 4:36.

4. figurative הַשָּׁמַיִם ׳זֶה שׁ Gen 28:17 (E; || בֵּית אֱלֹהִים); plural שַׁעֲרֵי שְׁאוֺל Isa 38:10 מָֿוֶת׳שׁ Job 38:17; Ps 9:14; Ps 107:18 צַלְמָוֶת ׳שׁ Job 38:17.

BDB9761 H5869 H5870

[עַ֫יִן] noun feminine^{Ezra 5:5} eye (see Biblical Hebrew I. ׳ע); — construct עֵין Ezra 5:5 (of God); plural (K^{§ 51, 1}) of horn, עַיְנִין Dan 7:8; Dan 7:20 of man, dual construct עַיְנֵי vDan 7:8, suffix עַיְנַי Dan 4:31.

eyes, sight, eye, seemeth, colour, …

ʿayin

an eye (literally or figuratively); by analogy, a fountain (as the eye of the landscape)

eye

eye

of physical eye

וְ הֵשִׁ֖יב

וְ

Prefix — connector and (sometimes: but, so, then)

הֵשִׁ֖יב

Root word return, again, returned, turn, back, …

Dictionary form: שׁוּב · shoob

Verb — Hiphil, Sequential Perfect (Weqatal), third person masculine singular causative — "he made (someone) do" carries the story forward — try "and he will ___" the built-in subject is "he (or it)"

In the KJV here: him and he turn away

return ×69 returned ×56 and returned ×24 shall return ×23 again ×22 turn ×21 to return ×16 turn again ×13

More options

return — Most direct modern equivalent; fits most contexts.

turn back — Emphasizes reversal of direction or course.

come back — Informal, relational tone; good for personal or narrative contexts.

restore — Best when the subject brings something back to prior state.

repent — Prefer in theological contexts of moral/spiritual turning.

go back — Stresses departure from current position; informal register.

BDB8502 H7725

שׁוּב₁₀₅₆ verb turn back, return (Late Hebrew id.; Hiph`il in MI^{8 f. 12}; Sabean תֿיב, התֿב, especially requite Os^{ZMG xix (1865), 198} SabDenkm^{No. 20, l. 1} Hom^{Chrest. 122} CIS^{iv. 81, i. 9, etc}.; Arabic return, so Aramaic תּוּב, ); —

Qal₆₈₅ Perfect 3 masculine singular שָׁב Gen 18:33 +, 3 feminine singular שָׁ֫בָה Ruth 1:15 +, וְשָׁבַת consecutive Ezek 46:17 (Ges^{«GKC:72o»§ 72o}, but Co Toy Krae וְשֶׁבָה), 2 masculine singular שַׁבְתָּ Ps 85:2, etc.; Imperfect 3 masculine singular יָשׁוּב Hos 11:5 + often, יָשֻׁב Ps 146:4; Lam 3:3, jussive יָשֹׁב Judg 7:3 +, וַיָּ֫שָׁב Gen 26:18 +; 3 feminine plural תָּשֹׁבְןָ Ezek 16:55 (twice in verse), תְּשֻׁבֶינָה vEzek 16:55, etc.; Imperative masculine singular שׁוּב Gen 31:3 +, שֻׁב Exod 4:19; 1Kgs 18:43, שׁוּ֫בָה Hos 14:2 +, feminine plural שֹׁבְנָה Ruth 1:8; Ruth 1:11; Ruth 1:12, etc.; Infinitive absolute שׁוֺב Gen 8:3 +, construct שׁוּב Exod 4:21 +, שֹׁב Josh 2:16 (Ges^{«GKC:72q»§ 72q}), etc.; Participle שָׁב Gen 43:18 +, feminine singular שָׁבָ֫ה Ruth 1:22 +, etc.; passive construct שׁוּבֵי Mic 2:8 — turn back, return:

1. turn back, with מִן local Judg 3:19; Judg 8:13, compare Judg 7:3, with מֵאַחֲרֵי person, i.e. from following 2Sam 11:15; 1Kgs 19:21; Ruth 1:16, from pursuing 2Sam 2:26; 2Sam 2:30; 1Kgs 22:33 = 2Chr 18:32 with מִן of pursuit 1Sam 17:53; 1Sam 23:28, compare 2Chr 11:4 with אַחֲרֵי person, i.e. so as to follow 1Sam 15:31; 2Sam 23:10 turn back in fear, מִן of thing Job 39:22 (of horse), מִפְּנֵי כֹל Prov 30:30 (of lion), so absolute (of foes) Ps 6:11; Ps 56:10; Ps 70:4, in shame Lam 1:8 turn back and do so and so: Gen 14:7; Exod 14:2, compare Num 33:7 (עַל location, both P), Josh 8:21 (E), Josh 11:10 (J), 1Chr 21:20, followed by infinitive 2Chr 20:27 absolute turn back (face about) Song 7:1 (4 t. in verse) (+ verb); = be repulsed, defeated Ps 9:4; Ps 74:21 figurative turn back, namely, from a promise or a vow Judg 11:35 with מִן of service Num 8:25 (P), i.e. be exempt.

2. return, come or go back, with מֵעַל person 1Sam 17:15 (opposed to הלד), 2Sam 10:14; 2Kgs 18:14, מִן person Josh 10:31 (+ בְּשָׁלוֺם), מִן local, especially from foreign land 2Kgs 8:3; 2Chr 10:2; Ruth 1:6; Ruth 1:22; Ruth 2:6; Ruth 4:3; Jer 31:16; Jer 40:12; Jer 43:5; Jer 44:28; Ezra 6:21; Neh 8:17, מֵהַכּוֺת Gen 14:17 (J E ?), 1Sam 17:57; 1Sam 18:6; 2Sam 1:1; 2Sam 8:13, מֵאַחֲרֵי i.e. from pursuing 1Sam 24:2 (Gi v.1Sam 23:1); figurative, מִנִּי חשֶׁךְ ׳לֹא שׁ Job 15:22 (see חשֶׁךְ 3 a); עִבְרוּ זָשׁוּבוּ מִשַּׁעַר לָשַׁעַר Exod 32:27 (J), i.e. go back and forth from gate to gate, compare (absolute) participle as substantive עֹבֵר וָשָׁב Zech 7:14; Zech 9:8 and (= all persons) Ezek 35:7 also וַיֵּצֵא יָצוֺא וָשׁוֺב Gen 8:7 (J), רָצוֺא וָשׁוֺב Ezek 1:14 (strike out Hi Co Toy and others; yet see Krae); Gen 8:3 (J) see הלד 4 c (4).

3. especially return unto:
a. go back, אֶל person Num 23:5; Num 23:16 (JE), 2Kgs 1:6 (|| הָלַךְ, as often), Exod 5:22 (J; ׳אֶליֿ), Exod 32:31 (E; id), Num 17:15 (P), 2Sam 20:22 (+ accusative of location), Jer 46:16 (both + אֶל location), + 17 t.; אֶל location also Gen 21:32; Gen 28:21 (both E), 2Sam 11:4; Hos 5:15 (of ׳י), 2Chr 19:1 (+ בְּשָׁלוֺם, + ל person), Esth 2:14 (opposed to בּוֺא), Esth 7:8 (+ מִן local), + 27 t.; of a dog עַלקֵֿאוֺ ׳שׁ Prov 26:11 ל location Gen 18:33 (J), 1Sam 26:25; 1Sam 29:4; 1Kgs 19:15 (+ ה- locative), Gen 33:16 (J; לְדַרְכּוֺ, + id.), Ps 7:8 (of ׳י), + 25 t.; ל person Ruth 1:10 (לְעַמֵךְ); ה- locative also Gen 44:13 (J), Exod 4:20; Exod 4:21 (R), Exod 13:17 (E), + 5 t.; שָׁם (= שָׁ֫מָּה) Jer 22:27 accusative of location also Hos 8:13; Hos 9:3; 1Sam 18:2; 2Sam 3:27; 2Sam 15:27 (+ בְּשָׁלוֺם), 2Kgs 2:25 (+ מִן local), + 15 t.; accusative דֶּרֶךָ Ezek 46:9 accusative of person Num 10:36 אַחֲרֵי person Ruth 1:15 absolute 2Sam 3:16; 2Sam 19:16 (+ בּוֺא), 1Kgs 18:43; Jer 40:5 (< strike out ᵐ5 Gie Du), Ezek 7:13b (strike out ᵐ5 Co Krae and others) +; followed by verb, go back and do so and so, Gen 43:2; 1Sam 1:19; 1Sam 29:7 (שׁוּב וְלֵךְ בְּשָׁלוֺם), 1Kgs 13:22; 2Chr 18:16 (+ בְּשָׁלוֺם) +, (Jer 42:10 read יָשׁוֺב Vrss and modern); followed by infinitive purpose Judg 14:8; 2Sam 6:20 + 10 t.
b. come back, אֶל person Gen 8:9 (J; + אֶל location), Exod 24:14 (J), 1Sam 23:23 + 2Sam 17:3 (ᵐ5 Ew Th We Dr HPS Bu), 1Kgs 12:15 (opposed to הָלַךְ) + 9 t. + (in hostility) Judg 20:48 אֶל location also Zech 8:3 (subject ׳י); Josh 22:32 (P) has מֵאֵת person + מִן local + אֶל location + אֶל person; אֶל of thing Ezek 7:13 עַל person Neh 4:6; Mic 5:2 (be reunited to); עַל location 1Kgs 17:21; 1Kgs 17:22 ל location Josh 1:15 (R), Zech 1:16 (subject ׳י), 2Chr 30:9 + (from exile) 5 t.; ל animal., Job 39:4 ה- locative Gen 15:16 (E), Gen 50:14 (J); accusative of location 2Chr 19:8 שָׁם Jer 20:11 (opposed to יָצָא), שָׁ֫מָּה vJer 20:27, הֵ֫נָּה Jer 31:8 absolute Gen 43:10 (J), 2Sam 10:5; 2Kgs 1:5; Isa 21:12 (|| אָתָה), Job 39:12 (Kt, so Bu Du; of wild ox), + often; + בְּשָׁלוֺם Judg 8:9; 1Kgs 22:28 (שׁוֺב תָּשׁוּב) = 2Chr 18:27; 2Chr 18:26 + verb, come back and do so and so, Deut 1:45; Deut 30:8; Jer 37:8; 1Kgs 19:7; 1Kgs 20:5; 2Kgs 9:36; Ps 60:2 (title), compare Zech 4:1; Dan 11:10, לָשֶׁבֶת ׳שׁ Num 35:32 (P), לָלֶכֶת ׳שׁ Eccl 5:14.

4. a. of dying, אֶלֿ(הֶ)עָפָר ׳שׁ Gen 3:19 (twice in verse) (J), Ps 104:29; Eccl 3:20, עַלעָֿפָר Job 34:15 לְאַדְמָתוֺ ׳שׁ Ps 146:4, compare אָשׁוּב שָׁ֫מָּה (i.e. בֶּטֶן אִמּוֺ) Job 1:21 (see Di Bu, also Eccl 5:14); לִשְׁא֑וֺלָה ׳שׁ Ps 9:18 so probably absolute Ps 90:3 (> come back to life); of (human) dust, עַלהָֿאָרֶץ ׳שׁ Eccl 12:7 breath, אֶלהָֿאֱלֹהַים ׳שׁ vEccl 12:7.
b. of revival from death, לְבֵיתוֺ ׳שׁ Job 7:10, absolute Job 10:21 (opposed to הָלַךְ), Job 16:22 (id.), Prov 2:19 also with אֶל person 2Sam 12:13.

5. figurative of human relations:
a. return to leader, king, אֶל person, Judg 11:8; 1Kgs 12:27 (twice in verse); to divorced wife Jer 3:1 (opposed to הלד).
b. = change so as to approach (in purpose, desire), אֶלֿ person Jer 15:9 (twice in verse).
c. turn, i.e. resort to, ל person Ps 119:79.
d. return to a physical condition Job 33:25 (ל of thing); to a state or course of life, ל of thing Isa 23:17; Ezek 16:55 (3 t. in verse); Neh 9:17; Ps 85:9 עַל of thing Jer 11:10, הֲלוֺם Ps 73:10 (but corrupt); ב Jer 8:6 (Du reads שָׁט for שָׁב).
e. absolute = change course of action; from good to bad, וַיָּשָׁב וַיִּמְרָראבּוֺ 2Kgs 24:1; Jer 34:11; Jer 34:16 bad to good vJer 34:15 so ׳שׁ alone Job 6:29 (twice in verse) (probably; read וְשׁוּבוּ, so Di Da Bu and others; other interpretations De Du and others). feminine passive participle = averse, שׁוּבֵי מִלְחָמָה Mic 2:8 (> We Now שְׁבִי spoil of war).

6. figurative, specifically of spiritual relations:
a. turn back from God, = apostatize, ׳מֵאַחֲרֵי י Num 14:43 (J), 1Sam 15:11; 1Kgs 9:6 (שׁוֺב תְּשֻׁב֫וּן), Jer 3:19; Num 32:15; Josh 22:16; Josh 22:18; Josh 22:23; Josh 22:29 (all P); absolute (usually + verb) Judg 2:19; Judg 8:33; Josh 23:12 (R^D), Jer 8:4; Ps 78:41; 2Chr 7:19.
b. of ׳י, turn away, מֵאַחֲרֵי person Deut 23:15.
c. turn back to God (= seek penitently), ׳אֶליֿ Hos 6:1; Hos 7:10; Hos 14:3; Jer 3:7; 1Kgs 8:33; 1Kgs 8:48 (בְּכָלֿ לֵבָב), + 18 t.; אֶלאֱֿלֹהִים Hos 5:4; Ps 51:15, compare Isa 10:21 ׳עַליֿ 2Chr 15:4; 2Chr 30:9 ׳עַדיֿ Amos 4:6; Amos 4:8; Amos 4:9; Amos 4:10; Amos 4:11; Hos 14:2; Isa 9:12 + 5 t.; עַדשַֿׁדַּי Job 22:23 ׳לי Isa 31:6, נַפְשִׁי ׳שׁ לִמְנוּחָ֑יְכְי Ps 116:7 compare לַבַּעַל Hos 7:16 (for לֹא עָל, Now, compare Marti); לְתוֺכַחְתִּי Prov 1:23 (probably strike out, see Toy).
d. absolute repent, Hos 3:15; Hos 11:5; Isa 6:10; Isa 10:22; Jer 3:7; Jer 3:12; Jer 3:14; Jer 3:22; Jer 4:1; Jer 5:3 + 14 t., + participle as substantive Isa 1:27.
e. turn back from evil, with מִן (especially Jeremiah, Ezekiel) 1Kgs 8:35; 1Kgs 13:33; Jer 15:7; Jer 18:8 + 8 t. Jeremiah; Ezek 3:19; Ezek 13:22 + 12 t. Ezekiel,+ 9 t.; compare שָׁבֵי פֶשַׁע Isa 59:20 שׁוּבוּ וְהָשִׁיבוּ מִן Ezek 18:30, so with מֵעַל Ezek 14:6 from good, with מִן, Ezek 3:20; Ezek 18:24; Ezek 18:26; Ezek 33:18. feminine of ׳י, מֵחֲרוֺן אַפּוֺ ׳שׁ Exod 32:12 (JE), Deut 13:18; Josh 7:26 (J), 2Kgs 23:26; Jonah 3:9 ׳מִמֶּנּוּ אַףיֿ ׳שׁ Hos 14:5; Jer 2:35; Jer 4:8; Num 25:4 (P), 2Chr 12:12; 2Chr 29:10; 2Chr 30:8, so (man's anger) Gen 27:45 (J) and (absolute) vGen 27:44 (E); absolute of ׳אַףיֿ Isa 5:25; Isa 9:11; Isa 9:16; Isa 9:20; Isa 10:4; Isa 12:1; (opposed to יָצָא vJer 23:19), Jer 30:24; Job 14:13; Dan 9:16.
g. of ׳י, return (to shew favour), אֶל person Gen 18:10 (+ infinitive absolute), vGen 18:14; Zech 1:3; Mal 3:7; 2Chr 30:6, absolute Isa 63:17; Ps 80:15 (|| הִבִּיט, פָּקַד), Ps 90:13, + verb Jer 12:15; Ps 6:5; Joel 2:14; Jonah 3:9 also in hostility, + verb Josh 24:20 (E), with infinitive purpose Hos 11:9.
h. of ׳י, turn back from (מִן) judgment Jer 4:28, אֱמֶת Ps 132:11 מֵאַחֲרֵי person, i.e. cease to bless, Jer 32:40.

7. of inanimate things (sometimes personified, or treated as things of life):
a. as perceptibly moving, water Gen 8:3 (J; מֵעַל location), Josh 4:18 (J; ל location), Exod 14:26 (P; עַל person), vExod 14:28 (P; + verb), Ps 104:9 (ל infinitive), sea Exod 14:27 (J; לְאֵיתָנוֺ); wind Ps 78:39 (opposed to הלד), Eccl 1:6 (עַל location); shadow 2Kgs 20:9; 2Kgs 20:10 (+ אֲחֹרַנִּית), || Isa 38:8 (sun on dial), of breath (= revive) Judg 15:19; 1Sam 30:12 (אֶל person); clouds Eccl 12:2 (מִן temporal); rain and snow Isa 55:10 (ה locative); rolling stone Prov 26:27 sword 2Sam 1:22 (מִן of thing), Ezek 21:10, arrow Jer 50:9 of plague-spot = re-appear, Lev 14:43 (P).
b. = be brought back, Gen 43:18 (J), 1Sam 5:11 (ל location), hence be restored, ל person Ezek 46:17, so of kingdom 1Kgs 12:26, city 1Sam 7:14 (Ezek 35:9 see ישׁב 4), field Lev 27:24 (P); of animal Deut 28:31.
c. = be turned into, ל of thing, Isa 29:17 = be turned back into, עַד thing, Mic 1:7.
d. return, figurative of word, (1) Isa 45:23, with אֶל person Isa 55:11 (both opposed to יָצָא); (2) Ps 35:13 my prayer turned upon (עַל) my bosom (was uttered with bowed head, De Bae Du).
e. turn away, depart, of infamy Prov 25:10. feminine return (in recompense), of crime, evil, etc., with בְּראֹשׁ 1Kgs 2:33; Obad 1:15; Ps 7:17, עַלרֿאֹשׁ Esth 9:25, ל person Ps 54:7 (Kt; > Qr Hiph`il), Prov 12:14.
g. Ps 94:15 judgement (-giving) shall return to (עַד) righteousness (be in accord therewith).
h. of boundary, = change (sometimes reverse) direction (P), ה- locative Josh 19:12 (+ מִן local), vJosh 19:34 (+ accusative of location), accusative of location also vJosh 19:27 vJosh 19:29 (+ עַד location), vJosh 19:29.
i. be restored to healthy condition, of withered hand 1Kgs 13:6 (twice in verse) (אֶל person), leprous hand Exod 4:7 (J; with כ compare), flesh 2Kgs 5:10 (ל person), v2Kgs 5:14; Lev 13:16 (|| נֶהְפַּךְ לְלָבָן).

8. denoting repetition, etc. (Ges^{«GKC:120d»§ 120 d g}): + verb, return (and) do = do again, Gen 26:18; Gen 30:31; Num 11:4 (all J), Judg 19:7; 1Sam 3:5; 1Sam 3:6; 1Kgs 13:33; 1Kgs 19:6; 2Kgs 1:11; 2Kgs 1:13; 2Kgs 19:9; 2Kgs 21:3 = 2Chr 33:3; Jer 18:4; Jer 36:28; Zech 5:1; Zech 6:1; Mal 1:4; Job 10:16; Job 17:10; Ps 7:13; Dan 9:25, perhaps also 2Chr 19:4 compare Isa 6:13 = it, in turn, shall be destroyed (destruction shall be repeated in its case), Lam 3:3 apparently = do repeatedly; ׳שׁ + Infinitive absolute Eccl 4:1; Eccl 4:7; Eccl 9:11 in comparative עוֺד תָּשׁוּב תִּרְאֶה Ezek 8:6 thou shalt see yet greater abominations, so vEzek 8:13 and (מִן compare) vEzek 8:15 ׳שׁ + Infinitive construct Deut 24:4; Deut 30:9; Josh 5:2 (R^D), Jer 36:28; Ezek 8:17; Ezra 9:14; Neh 9:28; Job 7:7; Eccl 1:7 = reverse one's action, + verb Josh 2:23 (E), Hos 2:11; 2Kgs 13:25; Deut 30:3; Mic 7:19; Zech 8:15; Ps 71:20 (twice in verse); Ps 85:7 = restore to original condition by doing, + verb Deut 23:14.

9. transitive, peculiarly, in phrase ׳שׁ שְׁבוּת restore captivity of, etc., approximately 21 t. (see שְׁבוּת below שָׁבָה); צִיּוֺן ׳י ׳שׁ Isa 52:8, ׳שׁ with suffix person Ps 85:5 elsewhere only ׳אֶתגְּֿאוֺן יַעֲקֹב וגו ׳וְשָׁב י Nah 2:3, compare

Hiph`il 6.

Po`el 1. bring back, Perfect 1 singular וְשֹׁבַבְתִּ֫י, with accusative of person + אֶל location Jer 50:19 (׳י subject), Infinitive construct suffix בְּשׁוֺבְבִי, with מִן local Ezek 39:27 and (figurative) לְשׁוֺבֵב, with אֶל person Isa 49:5 Imperfect 2 masculine singular תְּשׁוֺבֵב לָנוּ Ps 60:3 = take us back into power.

2. a. figurative restore, refresh, 3 masculine singular נַפְשִׁי יְשׁוֺבֵב Ps 23:3 (׳י subject); compare Hiph`il 2 b. b. restore, repair, Participle מְשׁוֺבֵב נְתִיבוֺח לָשָׁ֑בֶת Isa 58:12.

3. lead away (enticingly), Perfect 1 singular suffix (of Gog), ׳י subject, וְשׁוֺבַבְתִּיךָ Ezek 38:4 (strike out Co), ׳וְשׁ Ezek 39:2 so figurative 3 feminine singular suffix וְדַעְתֵךְ הִיא שׁוֺבְבָ֑תֶךְ Isa 47:10 (of Babylonian ); — Jer 50:6 see

Qal. 4. shew turning = apostatize (compare Hiph`il 8), Perfect 3 feminine singular שׁוֺבְבָה Jer 8:5 (read שׁוֺבֵב, and strike out ירושׁלם, with ᵐ5). — See also שׁוֺבֵב infra. Pu`lal Participle feminine מְשׁוֺבֶ֫בֶת Ezek 38:8 a land restored + מִן of thing. — See also שׁוֺבָב infra.

Hiph`il₃₅₃ Perfect 3 masculine singular Gen 41:13 +; suffix וַהֲשִׁיבְֱ Gen 40:13, וֶהֱשִׁיבְךָ Deut 28:68 2 masculine singular הֱשִׁיבוֺתָ Ps 85:4, וַהֲשֵׁבֹתָ֫ Deut 4:39; Deut 30:1, suffix וַהֲשֵׁיבוֺתָם 2Chr 6:25 1 singular consecutive וַהֲשִׁיב֫וֺתִי Amos 1:8, וַהֲשִׁבֹתִ֫י Num 22:8 +, suffix וְהוֺשְׁבוֺתִים Zech 10:6 (but read וַהֲשִׁבוֺתִים, see ישׁב Hiph`il), etc.; Imperfect 3 masculine singular יָשִׁיב Exod 21:34 +, (read יָשִׁב Dan 11:18; Dan 11:19 > Qr vDan 11:18 יָשֵׂם), וַיָּ֫שֶׁב Gen 20:14 +; suffix יְשִׁבֵנִי 2Sam 15:8 +, וַיְשִׁיבֵם 2Chr 19:4 + 1Sam 12:8 Vrss We Dr and others; 3 feminine plural תָּשֵׁבְנָה Job 20:10, etc.; Imperative masculine singular הָשֵׁב Gen 20:7 +, הָשֵׁיב 2Kgs 8:6, הָשַׁ֑ב Isa 42:22, so הָשַׁ֖ב Ezek 21:35 (see Ke and still Toy; Ew Sm Krae Infinitive absolute הָשֵׁב), הָשִׁיבָה Judg 11:13 +, etc.; Infinitive absolute הָשֵׁב Exod 23:4 +; construct הָשִׁיב Gen 42:35 +, etc.; Participle מֵשִׁיב Gen 20:7 +, etc.; — cause to return, bring back:

1. a. with accusative of person + אֶל location Gen 24:5 (J; הֶהָשֵׁב אָשִׁיב), Gen 28:15 (J), Gen 42:37 (E), Gen 48:21 (E), +; especially from exile 1Kgs 8:34 = 2Chr 6:25; Jer 27:22 + 5 t. Jeremiah; + אֶל person 1Kgs 22:26 = 2Chr 18:25 + עַל location Jer 16:15; Jer 23:3; Jer 24:6 + ל location Jer 12:15 + accusative of location 2Sam 15:8 (read הָשֵׁב יְשִׁבֵנִי Vrss Th We Dr and others), Deut 28:68; Ezek 29:14; Ezek 47:6; 2Chr 33:13, etc.; + מִן local Jer 41:16; Zech 10:10, מֵאֵת person Jer 41:16, מִן infinitive 2Chr 25:13 accusative of person only Judg 19:3; 1Kgs 13:20; 1Kgs 13:23 +; bring back into bondage, etc., Jer 34:11; Jer 34:16 = allow to return Jer 15:19 accusative of person + of thing (= recover, recapture), Jer 28:6 (+ אֶל location, מִן local); = recover, rescue, Gen 14:16 (accusative of person + thing), Ps 35:17 (accusative נַפְשִׁי, מִן of thing); accusative of thing + אֶל person Gen 44:8 (J), + עַל person Exod 15:9 (song), Prov 20:26 + אֶל location 1Kgs 14:28 = 2Chr 12:11; Jer 28:3; 2Chr 24:11 accusative of hand, אֶלפֶּֿה 1Sam 14:27; Prov 19:24; Prov 26:15 especially of ׳י's hand, in judgment, followed by עַל Amos 1:8; Isa 1:25; Zech 13:7; Ps 81:15, also of man's hand Jer 6:9; Ezek 38:12 + accusative of location 2Sam 15:25; 2Sam 15:29 + שָׁם Neh 13:9 accusative of thing alone Gen 43:12; Gen 43:21 (both בְּיֶדְכֶם), Gen 14:16 (= recapture), 1Sam 6:21; 1Sam 30:19; 1Kgs 13:29 (corpse), Lev 26:26 (H); with accusative animal. 1Sam 6:7 (מֵאַחֲרֵי), Ezek 34:4; Ezek 34:16 (figurative); shadow on dial 2Kgs 20:11 = Isa 38:8. — Job 39:12 see Qal 3 b. b. put back: accusative of thing, stone, עַלפִּֿי הַבְּאֵר Gen 29:3 (J), veil עַלפָּֿנָיו Exod 34:35 (P), Dagon לִמְקוֺמוֺ 1Sam 5:3, rod לִפְנֵי הָעֵדוּת Num 17:25 (P), sword, + אֶל of sheath, 1Chr 21:27; Ezek 21:35 (accusative om); hand אֶלחֵֿיק Exod 4:7 (twice in verse) (J; opposed to הוֺצִיא).
c. = draw back, hand Gen 38:29 (J), 1Kgs 13:4 (opposed to שָׁלַךְ; + אֶל reflexive), Josh 8:26 (E; opposed to נטה), so, figurative, ׳י subject Lam 2:3 (מִפְּנֵי, אָחוֺר), Ps 74:11 with מִן = refrain from Lam 2:8; Ezek 18:8; Ezek 18:17 (i.e. from oppressing), Ezek 20:22 (מִן omitted); foot, with מִן Isa 58:13 (figurative); draw in breath Job 9:18.
d. = give back, restore, accusative of person or thing: + ל person Gen 20:14 (E), vGen 20:7 (E; accusative omitted), Exod 23:4 (E; הָשֵׁב תָּשִׁיב), Deut 22:1 (id.; both accusative animal.), Deut 24:13 (id.), Exod 22:25 (E), Judg 17:3 (twice in verse); Judg 17:4; 1Sam 12:3; 2Sam 9:7; Deut 22:2 (P), Neh 5:11, so 2Sam 16:3; 1Kgs 12:21 = 2Chr 11:1 (all accusative of kingdom), with accusative צְדָקָה Job 33:26 + אֶל person Gen 37:22 (E; accusative of person); + אֶל location Gen 42:25 (E); accusative of thing only, 2Kgs 8:6; Ezek 18:7 (read Infinitive absolute שׁוֺב for חוֺב, Co Toy Krae), Ezek 18:12; Ezek 33:15; Lev 5:33 (P), Num 5:7 (P; + בְּראֹשׁוֺ = in full), Ps 69:5 (opposed to גָּזַל), so of land (or city) Judg 11:13; 1Kgs 20:34; Neh 5:12, compare 2Kgs 14:28 (+ בְּיִשְׂרָאֵל), 2Kgs 16:6 (+ לַאֲרָם); = win back 2Kgs 13:25; 2Kgs 14:22 (+ ל terr.) = 2Chr 26:2, boundary (i.e. re-establish it) 2Kgs 14:25 restore ruined city Dan 9:25 (+ לִבְנוֺת), conquered nation Ps 80:4; Ps 80:8; Ps 80:20 joy, accusative + ל person Ps 51:14. — 2Sam 8:3 see יָד

2. — Acc. person only, Gen 20:7 (E), Isa 42:22 restore to office, accusative of person + עַל Gen 40:13; Gen 40:21 (E), אֶל location 2Sam 19:12, accusative of person only, 2Sam 19:11; 2Sam 19:13; 2Sam 19:44, compare Isa 1:26 = pay back money, Lev 25:27 (ל person), vLev 25:51 vLev 25:52.
e. = relinquish, with accusative of thing, Job 20:10. feminine = give in payment, requital, with accusative of thing + apposition 1Sam 6:8 (ל person), v1Sam 6:17 (id.; compare טְחוֺד); also pay as tribute (in answer to demand), accusative of thing 2Kgs 17:3; Ps 72:10, + ל person 2Kgs 3:4; 2Chr 27:5 give in exchange Ezek 27:15.
g. bring one back (from dead) 2Sam 12:23, so with מִנִּי Job 33:20 on other hand, אֶלעָֿפָר Job 10:9 = מָוֶת (accusative) Job 30:23, compare עַדדַּֿכָּא Ps 90:3.

2. a. bring back heart, לֵב, עַל person Mal 3:24 אֵלֶיךָ ׳הֲשִׁיבֵנוּ י Lam 5:21 (< Bu retore, strike out אליד); ׳הֵשִׁיב אֶליֿ Neh 9:26 (compare vNeh 9:29), 2Chr 19:4; 2Chr 24:19, also (מִן of evil) Jer 23:22, absolute Jer 31:18.
b. accusative נֶפֶשׁ = refresh Lam 1:11; Lam 1:16; Lam 1:19; Ps 19:8; Prov 25:13; Ruth 4:15.

3. bring back words of people, ׳אֶליֿ Exod 19:8 (E); then, in general, bring back word, דָּבָר, report to, + accusative of person Gen 37:14; Num 13:26; Num 22:8 (all E), Deut 1:22; Deut 1:25; Josh 14:7 (R^D), Josh 22:32 (P), + 8 t; = answer 1Sam 17:30; 2Sam 3:11; 1Kgs 12:6 = 2Chr 10:6 + 6 t., + (accusative מִלִּין) Job 35:4 also (דָּבָר omitted) Job 13:22; Job 20:2; Job 33:5; Job 33:32; 2Chr 10:16; Neh 6:4 (כַּדָּבָר הַזֶּה); accusative אֲמָרִים + ל person Judg 5:29; Prov 22:21 later with ל person alone 1Sam 12:3 with clause oratio recta [direct speech], אֶל person Esth 4:13; Esth 4:15 similar phrases, Ezek 9:11; Prov 18:13; Prov 24:26; Prov 26:16; Hab 2:1; Job 31:14; Job 32:14 (Gi vJob 32:15), Job 40:4.

4. a. bring back (in retribution, compare Qal 7 f) upon, subject often ׳י, accusative of evil, Judg 9:56, בְּראֹשׁ Judg 9:5; 1Sam 25:39; 1Kgs 2:44 Joel 1Kgs 4:4; 1Kgs 4:7, עַלרֿאֹשׁ 1Kgs 2:32, אֶלרֿאֹשׁ Neh 3:36 ל person Gen 50:15 (E), 1Sam 6:3 (הָשֵׁב תָּשִׁיבוּ), v1Sam 6:4; 1Sam 25:31 (return evil for good), +, etc.; absolute = make requital, ל person 2Chr 6:23 + (כ compare) Hos 12:3; Prov 24:12; Prov 24:29 with accusative of good, ל person 2Sam 16:12; 2Sam 26:23; with כ compare + ל person Ps 18:21; Ps 18:25 = 2Sam 22:21; 2Sam 22:25, and (כ compare only) 2Chr 32:25 requite ׳י's benefits, accusative of thing + ׳לי Ps 116:12, compare Num 18:9 (P).
b. pay as recompense, לִבְעָלָיו ׳כֶּסֶף יָשׁ Exod 21:34 (E); so (figurative) of ׳י, ננָקָם לְ ׳הֵשׁ Deut 32:41; Deut 32:43, בְּחֵמָה אַפּוֺ ׳לְהָשׁ Isa 66:15.

5. turn back, backward = repel, defeat, with אֶתפְּֿנֵי 2Kgs 18:24 = Isa 36:9, accusative מִלְחָמָה Isa 28:6, accusative of sword Ps 89:44, accusative of person + אָחוֺר Ps 44:11 (+ מִנִּי person), Isa 44:25 (figurative, = refute, confute), figurative of calamity Lam 1:13 = repulse, hinder Jer 2:24, especially accusative Isa 14:27 (׳יַדיֿ), compare Isa 43:13, Job 9:12; Job 11:10; Job 23:13 = reject, refuse, ׳(אֶתֿ)פְּנֵי פ 1Kgs 2:16; 1Kgs 2:17; 1Kgs 2:20 (twice in verse); 2Chr 6:42; Ps 132:10.

6. a. turn away face, figurative, + מֵעַל of thing Ezek 14:6 accusative of person + מִן Mal 2:6 anger of ׳י (accusative) + מֵעַל person Num 25:11 (P), Prov 24:18, מִן person Jer 18:20; Ezra 10:14 accusative only, Job 9:13; Ps 78:38; Ps 106:23 accusative of human anger Prov 15:1; Prov 29:8.
b. late, turn toward, accusative face, ל location Dan 11:18; Dan 11:19, accusative foot, אֶל of thing Ps 119:59 (figurative).

7. turn against, אֶלאֵֿל, with accusative רוּחֶ֑ךָ Job 15:43.

8. אֶללֵֿבָב ׳הֵשׁ bring back to mind, take into consideration, with accusative Lam 3:21, followed by clause with כִּי Deut 4:39 (compare Dr), object omitted Deut 30:1; 1Kgs 8:47 = 2Chr 6:37; Isa 44:19, + (עַל) Isa 46:8.

9. הֵשִׁיב ׳אֶתשְֿׁבוּת פ Jer 32:44; Jer 33:7; Jer 33:11; Jer 49:6; Lam 2:14; Ezek 39:25 + (Qr Hiph`il, Kt Qal) Jer 33:26; Jer 46:39; Joel 4:1 (see Qal 9).

10. Hiph`il declar., מֵעַל ׳הָשׁ Ezek 14:6 = shew a turning away from your idols (i.e. turn away), compare (מִן) Ezek 18:30, absolute וִחְיוּ ׳הָשׁ vEzek 18:32 of ׳י, מֵחֲרוֺן ׳השׁ אַפֶּ֑ךָ Ps 85:4 (but read probably ׳הֲשִׁיבוֺתה חֲרוֺן א [6 a above]); perhaps in physical sense Jonah 1:13 (אֶל location; We Now that is אֳנִיָּה, etc.).

11. reverse, revoke, accusative (suffix) of thing, i.e. judgment, Amos 1:3; Amos 1:6; Amos 1:9; Amos 1:11; Amos 1:13; Amos 2:1; Amos 2:4; Amos 2:6 blessing Num 23:20 (poem in E), edict Esth 8:5; Esth 8:8.

Hoph`al Perfect 3 masculine singular הוּשַׁב Gen 42:28 my money has been returned! compare Participle הַכֶּסֶף הַמּוּשָׁב Gen 43:12 (both J); ׳לי ׳הַמּ Num 5:8 (P) the אָשָׁם which is restored to ׳י; plural מוּשָׁבִים Jer 27:16 the vessels are about to be brought back, with מִן local; Imperfect 3 masculine singular וַיוּשַׁב אֶתמֿשֶׁה Exod 10:8 (J; compare Ges^{«GKC:121a»§ 121 a, b}) Moses was brought back, with אֶל person

BDB8505 H7726 H7725

I. שׁוֺבָב adjective backturning, recusant, apostate (perhaps for מְשׁוֺבָב, Participle Po`l. Ol^{§ 251 b} Ges^{«GKC:52s»§ 52s} Kö^{i. 454}); — ׳שׁ Isa 57:17 plural שׁוּבוּ בָּנִים שׁוֺבָבִים Jer 3:14; Jer 3:22. — שׁובבים Jer 50:6 Kt < Qr שׁוֺבְבוּם ᵐ5 Comm., compare √ Po`l.

BDB9995 H7725 H8421

תּוּב verb return (ᵑ7 Syriac; Biblical Hebrew שׁוּב); —

Pe`al Imperfect 3 masculine singular יְתוּב, with עַל person, of brightness (זִיו) of face Dan 4:33 b, of knowledge v.Dan 4:31 v.Dan 4:33 a. Haph`el Perfect 3 masculine singular הֲתִיב Dan 2:14 3 masculine plural suffix הֲתִיבוּנָא Ezra 5:11 Imperfect 3 masculine plural יַהֲתִיבוּן Ezra 6:5, יְתִיבוּן (K^{§ 33, 2}) Ezra 5:5 Infinitive suffix לַהֲתָבוּתָח Dan 3:16 —

1. restore, accusative of thing Ezra 6:5.

2. return (accusative of answer, etc.) Ezra 5:5; Ezra 5:11; Dan 3:16 (suffix Persian), ׳עֵטָא וּטְעֵם הֲת Dan 2:14.

return, again, returned, turn, back, …

šûb

to turn back (hence, away) transitively or intransitively, literally or figuratively (not necessarily with the idea of return to the starting point); generally to retreat; often adverbial, again

to return, turn back

(Qal)

to turn back, return

to turn back

to turn back (from God), apostatise

to bring back

to bring back, allow to return, put back, draw back, give back, restore, relinquish, give in payment

מֵ עָלָ֣י ו

מֵ

Prefix — preposition from, out of

עָלָ֣י

Preposition upon, against, over, in, for, …

ו

Suffix — pronoun his / him / it

Dictionary form: עַל · al

Preposition

In the KJV here: from him

upon ×1122 against ×378 over ×273 for ×229 in ×225 on ×187 by ×148 unto ×137

More options

on — Best default; spatial or metaphorical contact with a surface.

over — Prefer for authority, covering, or movement across.

about — Use for topics, concerns, or matters relating to something.

against — Use for hostility, opposition, or transgression.

concerning — Formal register; suits legal or prophetic discourse.

because of — Causal sense; when עַל introduces a reason.

BDB3996 H3588 H5921 H3651

כִּי עַל כֵּן forasmuch as, a peculiar phrase found Gen 18:5; Gen 19:8; Gen 33:10; Gen 38:26; Num 10:31; Num 14:43; Judg 6:22; 2Sam 18:20 Qr (rightly), Jer 29:28; Jer 38:4 — literally for therefore, emphasizing the ground pleonastically (Ew^{§ 353 a} ). The original force of the phrase is traceable in some of the passages in which it occurs, as Gen 18:5 let me fetch a morsel of bread, and comfort your heart; כִּיעַֿלכֵּֿן עֲבַרְתֶּם עַל עַבְדְּכֶם for therefore (that is, to partake of such hospitality) are ye come to your servant, Num 14:43 the Amalekite and the Canaanite are there, and ye will fall by the sword, כִּיעַֿלכֵּֿן שַׁבְתֶּם for therefore (to encounter such a fate) have ye turned back from ׳י etc.: but in process of time the distinct sense of its component parts was no doubt gradually obscured, and it thus came to be used conventionally, as a mere particle of causation, even where there was no preceding statement to which עַל כֵּן therefore could be explicitly referred. אֲשֶׁר עַל כֵּן appears to be used similarly (compare אֲשֶׁר 8 c) Job 34:27.

BDB6085 H5920 H5921

עַל, עָ֑ל (compare Kö^{ii. 261 f.}) I. substantive height (poetry) Hos 7:16 יָשׁוּבוּ לֹא עָֹל they return (but) not upwards (i.e. not God-wards), Hos 11:7 וְאֶלעַֿל יִקְרָאֻהוּ they (the prophets) call it (the people) upwards, (but) none striveth to rise; as adverb accusative, 2Sam 23:1 the man הֻ֣קַּם עָ֔ל (that) is raised up on high. With מִן, מֵעָ֑ל, (ה)שׁמים מֵעָ֑ל (the) heavens above Gen 27:39; Gen 49:25; Ps 50:4 (opposed to מִתַּחַת Exod 20:4. In prose מִמַּעַל).

II. As preposition upon, and hence on the ground of, according to, on account of, on behalf of, concerning, beside, in addition to, together with, beyond, above, over, by, on to, towards, to, against (SI^4.6; Moabite, Aramaic id.; Phoenician על, and עלת; Palmyrene, Nabataean על; Sabean עלי, Arabic ); — abbreviated from עֲלֵי (compare אֱלֵי, עֲדֵי), which is preserved in poetry, Gen 49:17 (twice in verse); Gen 49:22 (twice in verse); Num 24:6 (twice in verse); Deut 32:2 (twice in verse); Isa 18:4; Jer 8:18; Mic 5:6; Lam 4:5; 1Kgs 20:41 Qr, Job 7:1 Qr + 10 t. Psalms, 3 t. Proverbs, 15 t. Job; with suffix עָלַי; עָלֶיךָ, עָלַיִךְ ( Ps 116:7 the Aramaizing form עָלָ֑יְכִי); עָלָיו, Psalm 1Sam 2:10 עָלָו, עָלֶיהָ; 1 plural עָלֵינוּ; 2 masculine plural עֲלֵיכֶם, Exod 12:13 עֲלֵכֶם, 2 feminine plural עֲלֵיכֶן Ezek 23:49 3 masculine plural עֲלֵיהֶם, 13 t. in Pentateuch עֲלֵהֶם Gen 45:15, etc. (Kö^{ii. 305}), in poetry עָלֵ֫ימוֺ Deut 22:23 + 11 t. Psalms, Job (perhaps sometimes, Ges^{«GKC:103i»§ 103i}, N.); 3 feminine plural עֲלֵיהֶן, Lev 3:4; Lev 3:10; Lev 3:15 עֲלֵהֶן (on the apparently plur. form of עֲלֵי, עָלַי etc., see Kö^{ii. 309 ff.}, and compare below עַד).

1. Upon, of the substratum upon which an object in any way rests, or on which an action is performed; as עלהֿארץ upon the earth Gen 1:11; Gen 1:26; Gen 7:6, etc., Ps 110:6 על ארץ רבה over a wide country; על האדמה upon the ground Ezek 20:12 + often, Amos 7:12 עַל אֲדָמָה טְמֵאָה, Isa 14:2 ׳על אדמת י, Ps 137:4 עַל אַדְמַת נֵכָר (אֲרָמָה being properly ground, soil, is construed regularly with על, באדמה being very rare), more definitely על פני האדמה Gen 6:1; Num 12:3 + often; על מקום Lev 14:28; Jer 45:5 (uncommon: usually בְּ); Deut 17:20; Isa 9:6 על מַמְלַכְתּוֺ upon his realm, 2Chr 1:1 על בָּֽתִּים very strangely Hos 11:11 (read וַהֲשִׁבֹתִים with ᵐ5 : see 7 c α β); constantly after such verbs as נוח, ישׁב, רכב, etc., Gen 8:4; Exod 11:5 כתב על to write (idiomatic) on a book or other surface, Josh 10:13, etc.; יצא על go forth over Gen 41:45; Zech 5:3; Ps 81:6 with נִשְׁעַן, נִסְמַךְ, בָּטַח (figurative), to lean or trust upon: Gen 3:14 to go עַל גְּחֹנְךָ upon thy belly, Gen 32:32 to limp עַל יְרֵכוֺ upon his thigh, 1Sam 14:13; Ezek 37:10; Judg 15:8 to smite שׁוֺק עַל יָרֵךְ leg upon thigh, i.e. so that the scattered limbs fall one upon another, Amos 3:15. And with reference not a horizontal surface but to a side, Lev 1:5 + זָרַק עַל to pour against the altar, 1Kgs 6:5; 1Kgs 6:18 to build against the temple, Josh 10:27, etc. Figurative Exod 23:13 let it not be heard עַל פִּיךָ upon thy mouth (in our idiom, upon thy lips, as Prov 22:18), Ps 15:3 לֹא רָגַל עַל לְשֹׁנוֺ he slandereth not (i.e. prepares not slander) upon his tongue, 2Sam 23:2 וּמִלָּתוֺ עַל לְשׁוֺנִי, Prov 16:23; Prov 16:27; Prov 31:26; Eccl 5:1 compare עַל שְׂפָתַיִם נָשָׂא or עַל פֶּה Ps 16:4; Ps 50:16; Ezek 36:3b.

Specially
a. —
(a) of clothing, etc., which any one wears, Gen 37:23 the tunic אשׁר עליו which was upon him, Josh 9:5; 1Kgs 11:30; Ruth 3:15 +; Gen 24:30; Gen 38:30; 2Sam 13:18, of a sword 2Sam 20:8; Song 3:8 so הָיָה עַל Lev 16:4; Deut 22:5; Ezek 44:18; 1Chr 15:27; 1Chr 18:7 (|| 2Sam 8:7 אֶל); compare לֹא יַעֲלֶה עָלֶיךָ Lev 19:19; Ezek 44:17, and with הֶעֱלָה, below, 7 b.

(b) With verbs of covering or protecting, even though the cover or veil be not over or above the thing covered, but around or before it ('upon' referred to a side) : see גָּנַן, כָּסָה, סָכַךְ, עָטָה Neh 2:8 יד אלהי הטובה עלי, compare vNeh 2:18; Ezra 7:6; Ezra 7:9; Ezra 8:18; Ezra 8:22; Ezra 8:31; Exod 27:21 the veil that is over (i.e. before) the testimony, 1Sam 25:16 חוֺמָה הָיוּ עָלֵינוּ they were a wall about us; סָגַר עַל to shut in (or down) upon Exod 14:13; Job 12:14; Ezek 13:5; Job 13:27; Job 26:9; Job 36:30 he spreadeth his light עָלָיו about him.

b. Of what rests heavily upon a person, or is a burden to him, Isa 1:14 הָיוּ עָלַי לָטֹרַח they are a cumbrance upon me, Job 7:20 I am a burden עָלַי upon myself, 2Sam 15:33 (compare with אֶל 2Sam 19:36); כָּבַד עֶל to be heavy upon Exod 5:9 and elsewhere (see כָּבַד); of sin, calamity, etc. Isa 53:5; Ezek 33:10; Ps 88:8; Job 21:9; 2Chr 15:5; 2Chr 28:13; Eccl 6:1; Eccl 8:6 (compare 5 a β); Lev 7:20 וְטֻמְאָתוֺ עָלָיו Lev 22:3: idiomatically, Gen 48:7 מֵתָה עָלַי רָחֵל Rachel died upon me (i.e. to my sorrow), Gen 33:13 וְהַבָּקָר עָלוֺת עָלַי are giving suck upon me (i.e. as a. care to me), Num 11:13 יִבְכּוּ עָלַי they weep upon me (vexing me), Judg 14:16; Judg 14:17; Judg 19:2 (see Be), 1Sam 21:6 to play the mad man upon me, Jer 12:11.
c. Of a duty, payment, care, etc., imposed upon a person, or devolving on him, as שָׂם עַל to lay upon, Exod 5:8; Exod 21:22; Exod 21:30 (שָׁת), Exod 22:4, compare Gen 47:26; 2Chr 35:25 with other verbs, Job 38:10; Deut 24:5; Deut 26:6; 2Kgs 15:20; 2Kgs 18:14; 2Kgs 23:33; Neh 10:33 (twice in verse); Esth 1:8; Esth 9:21; Esth 9:27; Esth 9:31 with צִוָּה enjoin upon Gen 2:16 + often, כתב prescribe to 2Kgs 22:13; Ps 40:8, נטשׁ cast upon 1Sam 17:20 (1Sam 17:22 על יד), נתן על יד (figurative) Gen 42:37; 2Kgs 12:12; 2Kgs 22:5, compare 1Kgs 14:27, עזב Ps 10:14, גלל Ps 37:5, השׁליך Ps 55:23, פקד Job 34:13 and elsewhere; Gen 30:28 נָקְבָה שְׂכָֽרְךָ עָלַי fix thy wages upon me (name thy wages to me), Gen 34:12 הַרְבּוּ עָלַי מְאֹד מֹהַר וּמַתָּן multiply upon me, etc., 2Sam 19:39 (pregnantly) whatsoever thou choosest (and layest) upon me; without a verb, Judg 19:20 רַק כָּלמַֿחְסֹערךָ עָלָ֑י only let all thy wants be upon me, Ezra 10:4; Ps 56:13 עָלַי נְדָרֶיךָ thy vows are upon me (i.e. I owe them: compare Num 30:7; Num 30:9; Num 30:15), Prov 7:14 זִבְחֵי שְׁלָמִים עָלָ֑י peace-offerings were upon me (= were due from me); perhaps Ps 62:1; Ps 77:1 (to the charge of); with an infinitive 2Sam 18:11 וְעָלַי לָתֵת and it would have been incumbent on me to give, etc., 1Kgs 4:7; Ezra 10:12 (accents [Baer], RVm), Neh 13:3, compare Zech 12:2 (Ew RVm); Num 7:9 (P) the service of ... was upon them, Ezek 45:17, so especially late 1Chr 9:27; 1Chr 9:33; 1Chr 23:31; 2Chr 2:3 לעולם זאת על ישׂראל 2Chr 8:15; 2Chr 24:9; Ezra 7:11; Neh 11:23; Isa 9:5 and the government is upon, his shoulder (compare Isa 22:22), 2Chr 25:3; Ps 7:11 ׳מָֽגִנִּי עַלאֿ my shield rests upon God (he has undertaken my defence), Ps 62:8 עלאֿלהים יִשְׁעִי וּכְבֹדִי.

d. על is used idiomatically to give pathos to the expression of an emotion, by emphasizing the person who is its subject, and who, as it were, feels it acting upon him: Ps 42:6 why art thou cast down, O my soul, וַתֶּהֱמִי עָלַי and disquieted upon me? vPs 42:7 my soul upon me is cast down, vPs 42:12; Ps 43:5; Lam 3:20; Ps 131:2 כְּגָמֻל עֲלֵי אִמּוֺ כַּגָּמוּל עָלַי נַפְשִׁי is my soul upon me; Ps 142:4 בְּהִתְעַטֵף עָלַי רוּחִי when my spirit faints upon me, Ps 143:4; Jonah 2:8; Jer 8:18 עָלַי לִבִּי דַרוָָּֽי ׃ my heart upon me is sick, Job 14:22 (twice in verse) (compare Di), Hos 11:8 נהפך עלי לבי my heart is turned (altered) upon me, 1Sam 17:32; 1Sam 25:36; Neh 5:7 וַיִמָּלֵךְ לִבִּי עָלַי and my heart took counsel upon me: compare Ps 42:5 I will pour out my soul upon me, Job 30:16; Job 10:1 אעזבה עלי שׂיחי I will let loose my complaint upon me. (Thes apud me, mecum. The rend. 'within me' alters entirely the point of view of the Hebrew expression, and is incorrect.) Denoting with some emphasis the subject of an experience, Job 30:2 עלימו אבד כָּ֑לַךְ, Dan 2:1 his sleep נִהְיְתָה עָלָיו was done with upon him (compare Aramaic Dan 6:19 נַדַּת עֲלוֺהִי), Dan 10:8 וְהוֺדִי נֶהְפַּךְ עָלַי (compare Dan 5:9; Dan 7:28): also, rather differently, Lev 18:18b Jer 49:20 אִם לֹא יַשִׁים עֲלֵיהֶם נְוֵהֶם, Mic 7:13; Ps 90:17b; Ps 7:9 according to my perfectness upon me, Ezek 18:20; Ezek 22:3; 2Chr 36:8.

e. חָיָה עַל to live upon (as upon a foundation or support; compare Isa 3:1, and Ζῆν ἐπί τινος), Deut 8:3 עַלהַֿלֶּחֶם, Isa 38:16 (compare Hi), Gen 27:40 על חרבך תחיה upon ( = by) thy sword thou shalt live (compare Kazwini^{ii. 17} ap. Tu), Ezek 33:19, compare vEzek 33:26. feminine Of the ground, or basis, on which a thing is done, as Gen 24:9 על הדבר הזה, Lev 17:12 if he offers it עַל תּוֺדָה on the ground of a thanks-giving, Num 6:21 עַל נִזְרוֺ, v^b Ezek 16:15; Ezek 28:17; Dan 8:25 עַל שִׂכְלוֺ, Dan 9:18 עַל צדקותינו, (with this use is extended so as to denote explicitly on condition of). Hence
(a) the basis being conceived as regulative, על comes to denote the norm or standard (compare German 'auf die Art' W^{AG ii. § 59 i}): the transition may be seen in a passage like Exod 24:8 the covenant which ׳י made with you on the basis of (על), or in agreement with, all these words (compare על פי Exod 34:27), Num 35:24 האלה על המשׁפטים, Deut 17:11; Jer 30:18 the palace shall sit (i.e. be inhabited: see ישׁב) עַל מִשְׁפָּטוֺ in accordance with its manner, Ps 94:20 who frames mischief עֲלֵיחֹֿק in accordance with a law, ... על פי according to the mouth (i.e. command, Gen 45:21 + oft, evidence Deut 17:6; Deut 19:15, sentence Deut 21:5) of . . .; עַל שֵׁם ֗֗֗֗ according to the name of . . . (mostly with call, be called) Gen 48:6; Exod 28:21; 2Sam 18:18 +, compare 1Chr 23:14; Exod 6:26; Exod 12:51 על צִבְאֹתָם according to their hosts (usually לְ), Num 1:18 על משׁפחתם (usually לְ) vNum 1:52; Num 2:2; Num 2:34; Num 7:3 (|| ל), Deut 18:8 (probably); עַל יְדֵי according to the hands (direction) of Jer 5:31; Jer 33:13 al.; Ps 110:4 ׳עַל דִּבְרָתִי מ after the manner of M.; Prov 25:11 (probably) a word spoken עַל אָעפנָיו in accordance with its circumstances = appositely; of the tune according to which a song is to be sung (RV. set to) Ps 6:1 (1Chr 15:21), Ps 8:1; Ps 9:1; Ps 12:1; Ps 45:1; Ps 46:1 (1Chr 15:20) עַלעֲֿלָמוֺת (perhaps, however, in the manner of maidens = for 'sopranos'), Ps 53:1; Ps 56:1; Ps 60:1; Ps 69:1; Ps 81:1; Ps 84:1; Ps 88:1 (compare in Syriac ).

(b) The basis being conceived as involving the ground, על denotes the cause or reason, on account of, because of, Gen 20:3 lo thou shalt die עַל הָאִשָּׁה on account of the woman, Gen 21:12; Gen 26:7; Gen 26:9; Gen 27:41; Gen 42:21; Lev 4:3; Lev 4:28; Lev 5:18; Lev 19:17; Lev 26:18; Lev 26:24; Lev 26:28; Deut 9:18; Deut 24:16 fathers shall not be put to death עלבֿנים on account of children, Deut 31:18; Josh 9:20; Jer 1:16; Jer 5:9; Ezek 18:26 עליהם (|| Ezek 33:18 בָּהֶם), Prov 28:21; Ps 39:12; Ps 50:8 + often; Ps 44:23 עָלֶיךָ הֹרַגְנוּ on thy account are we slain all the day, Ps 69:8; Jer 15:15 in the phrases דְּבַר עַ֗֗֗ל, עַל אוֺדוֺת, עַל זֹאת and עַל זֶה on this account, עַל מָה on what account ? עַלכֵּֿן = therefore (see דָּבָר, אוֺדָה, etc.); before an infinitive, as Exod 17:7 ׳וְעַל נַסּוֺתָם אֶתיֿ and on, account of their trying ׳י, Amos 1:3 עַל דּוּשָׁם on account of their threshing = because they threshed, vAmos 1:6 vAmos 1:9 vAmos 1:11 vAmos 1:13, etc., Jer 2:35 עַל אָמְרֵךְ because of thy saying, Jer 9:12; Jer 16:18 +; and as a conjunction both with and without אֲשֶׁר or כִּי (see below III). And so often of the ground or cause of fear, grief, delight, or other emotions, e.g. Exod 18:9; Exod 32:14 (נִחַם repent: so often), 1Sam 4:13; 1Sam 30:6; 2Sam 1:26; 2Sam 3:8; 1Kgs 21:4; 2Kgs 6:11; Jer 10:19; Amos 6:6.

(c) Somewhat more strongly, on behalf of, for the sake of, Gen 19:17 escape על נפשׁך forthy life; Judg 9:17; 2Kgs 10:3 נִלְחֵם עַל (usually ל); 1Kgs 2:18 I will speak on thy behalf to the king, v1Kgs 2:19 (2Kgs 4:13 לְ); Esth 4:16; Esth 4:8; Esth 7:7; Esth 8:11; Esth 9:16; Dan 12:1 על עמד stand up (in late Hebrew) on behalf of; התפלל על intercede for (usually בעד) Job 42:8; Neh 1:6; 2Chr 30:18; 2Chr 29:21; Ezra 8:35 and very often with כִּפֶּר (q. v.) make atonement for. (Not very common with other verbs.)

(d) Sometimes it acquires almost a final force, for; Exod 12:4; Exod 29:36; Exod 30:16; Deut 27:13 there shall stand עַלהַֿקְּלָלָה (|| vDeut 27:12 לְבָרֵךְ), Ps 89:4 עַלמַֿהשָּֿׁוְא בָּרָאתָ כָלעֿבּנֵיאָֿדָם unto what vanity hast thou created, etc.! Prov 29:5b 2Chr 23:18; Eccl 3:17.

(e) Of a condition, or attendant circumstances (rare; so , W^{AG ii § 59 e}): Ps 50:5 זָ֑בַח׃ עֲלֵי upon, with sacrifice, Ps 92:4 ׳עֲלי עָשׂוֺר וגו with a ten-stringed instrument, with a harp, with sounding music on a lyre; עַל רִיב upon occasion of a law-suit Exod 23:2; Ezek 44:24, עַל יוֺם טוֺב 1Sam 25:8 (compare at a time of. . . Qor 28:14), Neh 12:22 (? read עַד BeRy), Isa 18:4 כְּחֹם צַח עֲלֵי אוֺר at time of sunshine, Isa 64:11 עַל אֵלֶּה, Jer 8:18 עֲלֵי יָגוֺן at time of sorrow, Jer 16:7 (but Gie עַל אָבֵל to): with abstract substantives to form a periphrase for adverbs, Lev 5:22 and swear עַל שֶׁקֶר upon falseness = falsely, Jer 6:14 = Jer 8:11 to heal a wound עַל נְקַלָּה lightly, easily, Ps 31:24 עַל יֶתֶר = abundantly, Isa 60:7 עַל רָצוֺן = acceptably (compare = with delight).

(f) It hence acquires the force of in spite of, notwithstanding (so , W^{AG ii. § 59 h}), Job 10:7 עַל דַּעְתְּךָ in spite of thy knowing, Job 34:6 משׁפטי על notwithstanding my right I am to be a liar (Di De Da RV: otherwise Hi RVm). compare below, III c b.

(g) Upon, concerning, with verbs of speaking, as דִּבֶּר Judg 9:3; 1Kgs 5:13, אָמַר, Jer 16:3; Jer 27:19 (|| אל) Jer 33:4, hearing Gen 41:15 שָׁמַעְתִּי עָלֶיךָ I have heard concerning thee, saying, etc., 1Kgs 10:6; Isa 37:9 (|| 2Kgs 19:9 אל), disputing Gen 26:11, telling 1Sam 27:11; Joel 1:3, commanding 2Sam 14:8; 1Kgs 11:10, being vexed 1Kgs 21:4; 2Kgs 6:11, crying 2Kgs 8:5, confessing Ps 32:5; Neh 1:6 of the object of a prophecy or vision 1Kgs 22:8; Isa 1:1; Isa 2:1 and often with similar verbs.

(h) In a somewhat weaker sense, in the matter of, as regards, Gen 41:32 וְעַל הִשָּׁנוֺת הַחֲלוֺם, Exod 22:8; Ruth 4:7; Lev 5:22; Lev 5:26; Dan 9:14b Neh 9:33 חָטָא עַל Lev 4:14 (|| בָּהּ vLev 4:23, cognate accusative vLev 4:28), Lev 5:5; Num 6:11; Neh 13:26 עַלדְּֿבַר ֗֗֗ in the matter of, Num 25:18; Num 31:16.

2. It expresses excess (synonym מִן q. v.); Gen 48:22 I give thee שְׁכֶם אַחַר עַל אַחֶיךָ one shoulder (ridge) above thy brethren, Exod 16:5 מִשְׁנֶה על double above or beyond, Num 3:46; Deut 25:3 stripes עַלאֵֿלֶּה beyond these, Josh 3:15 Jordan מָלֵא עַל was full over all its banks (compare Josh 4:18; Isa 8:7b הלך על, עלה) Ps 138:2; Eccl 1:16; Dan 1:20 עֶשֶׂר יָדוֺת עַל ten times above (compare in Aramaic Dan 3:19, and Qor 37:153), Ezra 1:6 לְבַר עַל = beside (see בַּד); Ps 16:2 (si vera lectio) טוֺבָתִי בַל עָלֶיךָ my welfare is not beyond thee, i.e. does not lie outside thee. — Of time, Lev 15:25 if she has an issue עַל נִדָּתָהּ beyond her time of impurity (compare Isa 32:10, 4 b).

3. It denotes elevation or pre-eminence, as עליון על high (figurative) above, Deut 26:19 al., Deut 28:43 יעלה עליך will go up above thee, compare Prov 31:29; Ps 57:6; Ps 57:12 be thou exalted above the heavens, Ps 89:8; Ps 95:3; Ps 96:4, etc., Neh 9:5 with words (q. v.) such as גכר, גדל, חזק, נשׂא (Ni. Pi`el Hithpa`el), עזז, and especially those denoting rule or superintendence, as מלך, הפקיד; so with שָׁת, היה, נתן, Gen 41:33; Gen 41:40; Gen 41:43 שׂם; 1Sam 18:5 with פָּקִיד, שַׂר, מֶלֶךְ, etc., Gen 41:34; Exod 1:11; Exod 18:21, etc.; absolute 2Sam 8:16 Joab was עלהֿצבא over the host, 2Sam 20:23 b. v2Sam 20:24; 1Kgs 4:4-6; 1Kgs 5:30; Num 10:14ff.; 1Chr 9:23; 1Chr 9:26ff. 1Chr 27:25ff.; 2Chr 30:17; 2Chr 31:12 אֲשֶׁר עַל בֵּיתוֺ of Joseph's steward Gen 43:16; Gen 43:19; Gen 44:1; Gen 44:4 and in the official titles אֲשֶׁר עַלהַֿבַּיִת = the Governor of the Palace Isa 22:15 and elsewhere (see כַּיִת 6); אֲשֶׁר עַלהַֿמַּם the overseer of the forced labour 1Kgs 12:18 אשׁר עלהֿעיר the governor of the city 2Kgs 10:5, אשׁר על המלתחה v2Kgs 10:22.

4. It expresses addition (compare ἐπὶ in Greek, e.g.ἐπὶ τούτοις); namely
a. introducing the complement of a verb, as with יָסַף to add upon or to, Ps 61:7 + often (see יָסַף), שָׁת to put to Gen 30:40, נִלְוָה to be joined to Num 18:24; Isa 14:1 (also with אֶל), נָפַל: to fall to, i.e. desert to, Jer 21:9 +, עכר to pass over to Exod 30:13; Exod 30:14; Isa 45:14 (compare Isa 60:5); also Hab 2:16 תִּסֹּב כּוֺם עַל Lam 4:21; Esth 4:7 נֶחְשַׁב to be reckoned to Lev 25:31; 2Sam 4:2, היה על Num 36:12; Ps 69:28 תְּנָה עָוֺן עַל עֲוֺנָם, Isa 56:8 עוֺר אֲקַבֵּץ עָלָיו I will yet gather (others) unto him.

b. Used absolutely, as Gen 28:9 he took Mahalath עַל נָשָׁיו in addition to his (other) wives, Gen 31:50 (compare אל Lev 18:18), Num 31:8 עַל חַלְלֵיהֶם in addition to their slain (|| Josh 13:22 אֶל), Deut 23:14; Ezek 16:37; Ezek 16:43; Ezek 25:10; Isa 32:10 יָמִים עַל שָׁנָה days upon, in addition to, a year, 2Chr 31:15 יָמִים עַל יָמִים, Ezek 7:26 הֹוָה עַל הֹוָה תָבוֺא (|| אל), Jer 4:20 (if נִקְרָא = be proclaimed), Job 16:14 יִפְרְצֵנִי פֶרֶץ עַלפְּֿנֵיפָֿ֑רֶץ (compare Lag^{M iii. 112}; also Iliad 14:130 ἕλκος ἐφ’ ἕλκει, Odyssey 7:120f; Qoran 31:13). So often in laws of P (compare c), Lev 7:12 he shall offer עַלזֶֿבַת הַתּוֺרָה in addition to the sacrifice of thanksgiving, etc., vLev 7:13 b Num 6:20; Num 15:9; Num 28:10; Num 28:15; Num 28:24 (compare מִלְּבַר vNum 28:31; Num 29:6), Num 35:6; Ezek 16:43 (Hi Sm RV: compare Ezek 44:7 אל).

c. Hence by an easy transition it denotes together with, with, Exod 35:22 men together with (עַל) women, Job 38:32 וְעַיִשׁ עַלבָּֿנֶיהָ תַנְחֵם and the Bear with her children, wilt thou lead them? 1Kgs 15:20; Jer 3:18 the house of Israel with the house of Judah, Mic 5:2 (Ca Ke Kue; but al. as 7 c a), Gen 32:12 lest he come and smite me, אֵם עַל בָּנִים the mother with the children (compare Hos 10:14; Deut 22:6); and as a techn. term in the regulations for sacrifice, especially with אכל, Exod 12:8, יאֹכְלֻהוּ עַלמְֿדֹרִים together with bitter herbs they shall eat it, vExod 12:9 his head with (על) his legs, etc., Num 9:11; Deut 16:3 לֹאתֿאֹכַל עָלָיו חָמֵץ (compare Exod 23:18; Exod 34:25), vExod 34:3 in the phrase אכל על הדם to eat with the blood 1Sam 14:32; 1Sam 14:33 (1Sam 14:34 אל), Lev 19:26; Ezek 33:25 (compare in Greek e.g. ἐπὶ τῷ σίτῳ πίνειν ὕδωρ); see also Lev 2:2; Lev 2:16; Lev 3:4 (so vLev 3:10 vLev 3:15; Lev 4:9; Lev 7:4), Lev 4:11; Lev 7:13a, Lev 7:30; Lev 10:15; Lev 14:31; Lev 23:18; Lev 23:20; Num 6:17; Num 19:5; 1Chr 7:4.

5. It expresses the idea of being suspended, or extended, over anything, without however being in contact with it, above, over: Gen 1:20 let fowl fly over the earth, Gen 19:23 השׁמשׁ יצא על had come forth upon the earth (compare זרח על Exod 22:2 +; בא על go down [set] upon Deut 24:15; Mic 3:6; Job 25:3), Num 10:34; Num 14:14 and thy cloud stood עליהם over them, Deut 28:23 the heavens עלרֿאשׁך above overthy head, Isa 4:5; Isa 60:1; Isa 60:2; Zeph 2:11; Zech 9:14; Ps 7:8 over it return thou on high, Job 29:3 בְּהִלּוֺ נֵרוֺ עֲלֵי ראֹשִׁי (compare דעך לְ be extinguished over, Job 18:6), Song 2:4 his banner over me: figurative of protection Deut 32:38; Ps 68:35: with verbs of motion (expressed or implied), נשׁקף על to incline over 1Sam 13:18 +, ידו על נטה) Exod 14:16; Isa 23:11 + (compare Ps 21:12), הניף על to swing over Isa 11:15; Isa 19:16 השׁמיע על to proclaim over Jer 4:16; Amos 3:9, compare Num 10:10; 2Chr 13:12, שׁם על נקרא a name to be called over 2Sam 12:28 + (see קרא).

6. From the sense of inclining or impending over, על comes to denote contiguity or proximity, English by (or sometimes on): —
a. in designating localities, especially those beside water, Gen 14:16 עַלהַֿמִּדְבָּר by the wilderness, Gen 16:17 עַל עֵין הַמַּיִם by the spring of water, Gen 24:13; Gen 24:30; Gen 29:2 three flocks lying עָלֶיהָ by it (the well), Gen 41:1; Num 3:26; Num 13:29 עלהֿים by the sea, Num 22:5; Num 24:6 gardens עֲלֵי נָהָר. Deut 3:12; Deut 33:8; Judg 5:19; 1Sam 1:9 ׳על מזוזת היכל י (Ezek 46:2), 1Sam 4:1; 2Kgs 2:7 and they stood עלהֿירדן by the Jordan, 2Kgs 25:4; Isa 19:7; Isa 38:20; Ps 1:3 planted by water-courses, Jer 17:2; Jer 17:8; Job 30:4; Job 31:9 על פתח by the entrance, Prov 14:19, + often; על הדרך by the way Gen 38:21; 1Sam 24:4; Ezek 48:24ff. על גבולו adjoining his border; עבר על to pass by a place 1Kgs 9:18; Jer 18:16 +, figurative עבר על פשׁע to pass by transgression, i.e. to overlook it, Mic 7:18 and elsewhere: על יְמִין ֗֗֗ on the right of ... Ps 110:5 +, עַליַד ֗֗֗ , עַל יֶרֶךְ ֗֗֗ , עַל כֶּתֶף ֗֗֗ on the side of ... (see these words): less frequently (except as c) with reference to persons, Num 2:5 וְהַחֹנִים עָלָיו and those encamping next him, vNum 2:12 vNum 2:20 vNum 2:27; Num 6:9 וכי ימות מת עליו, 2Kgs 11:11 by the king round about (compare Num 3:26 above), ׳עבר על פ Gen 18:5; 2Kgs 4:9 +.

b. 2Sam 9:7; 2Sam 9:10 to eat bread ׳עַל שֻׁלְחַן פּ at any one's table, Exod 16:3 when we sat עַלסִֿיר הַבָּשָׂר, 1Sam 20:24 Kt to sit עַלהַֿלֶּחֶם at meat; 1Sam 25:13; 1Sam 30:24 to remain עַלהַֿכֵּלִים; Prov 23:30 to tarry long עלהֿיין at (or over) the wine, Job 39:9 עַלאֲֿבוֶּסךָ ׃ at thy crib: compare הַיּוֺשֵׁב עַל הַמִּשְׁפָּט Isa 28:6.

c. Idiomatically, with עָמַד and נִצַּב to stand by (literally over, — originally no doubt with reference to one supposed to be seated), Gen 18:2 three men נִצָּבִים עָלָיו standing by him, vGen 18:8 and he עֹמֵד עליו standing by him under the tree, Gen 24:30 by the camels, Gen 28:13; 1Sam 4:20; 2Sam 1:9; 2Sam 12:17; 2Sam 20:11; 2Sam 20:12; Amos 7:7 especially of persons standing about a superior, as servants or courtiers, Gen 45:1; Judg 3:19; 1Sam 22:6; 1Sam 22:7; 1Sam 22:17, of persons surrounding a judge Exod 18:13; Exod 18:14, of ׳י's heavenly ministers, 1Kgs 22:19 (compare Isa 6:2 ממעל לו), Zech 4:16, and with התיצב Zech 6:5; Job 1:6; Job 2:1 also of one standing by (properly leaning over) an altar or sacrifice Num 23:3; Num 23:6; 1Kgs 13:1 (compare 7 b) Amos 9:1 of an Ashérah by an altar Judg 6:25; Judg 6:28 (compare אֵצֶל Deut 16:21).

7. In connection with verbs of motion (actual or figurative): —
a. of motion from a higher place downwards, down upon: thus
(a) המטיר על to rain upon Gen 2:5; Gen 19:24, ירד על Gen 15:11, יצק על to pour upon Gen 28:18, ׳נפל על צוארי פ Gen 33:4, נפל על פניו to fall on his (own) face Gen 17:3; Gen 17:17, שׂם על to put upon, Gen 21:14; Gen 22:6; Gen 22:9; Gen 24:47 (Gen 24:22 Sam Di), נתן על כף to place on the hand of ... Gen 40:11; Gen 40:21, השׁליך על 2Sam 20:12, etc.; compare Job 29:22 וְעָלֵימוֺ תִּטֹּף מִלָּתִי, Mic 3:5; Nah 3:12.

(b) In different figurative connections, as of sleep falling upon one, Gen 2:21; Gen 15:12 of fear Gen 9:2; 1Sam 11:7 (see פַּחַד, חֲרָרָה, אֵימָה); of good or bad fortune, especially the latter, coming upon one, as with בוא and הביא, Gen 27:12; Deut 28:2 (in good sense), vDeut 28:15, Jer 5:12; Jer 19:3 (רעה, as often); of retribution, reproach, the Divine wrath, etc., with different verbs (הביא, נתן, ירד, חול, היה, etc.), as Gen 20:9; Num 12:11 חטאה; Gen 42:36 עַלַי הָיוּ כֻלָּנָה upon me are they all; Num 18:5 + (היה קֶצֶף על); Deut 19:10 דם (compare אל 2Sam 21:2 ᵐ5 We Dr), Judg 9:24; 1Kgs 2:32; 2Sam 16:8; Hos 12:15; 2Sam 3:29; 2Sam 15:14; 1Sam 11:2 חרפה; Jer 14:16; Jer 26:15 דם נקי (|| אל), Jonah 1:14; Ezek 7:3; Ezek 7:4; Ezek 7:8; Ezek 23:40; Ezek 36:29; Ps 7:17; Ps 94:2; Ps 94:23; Ps 109:5 וישׂימו עלי רעה תחת טובה (lay upon me: but Hu וישיבו, Prov 17:13), Prov 140:11 שָׁפַךְ חֵמָה על Ezek 7:8 + often; without a verb, Gen 16:5 חֲמָסִי עָלֶיךָ my wrong be upon thee, Jer 51:35 (|| אל); Gen 27:13 עלי קללתך; Gen 38:29 (accents, RVm); 2Sam 1:16 דמיך על ראשׁך; 2Sam 14:9 עָלַי הֶעָוֺן; Isa 24:17; Jer 48:43; Jer 50:27; Ezek 13:3 הוֺי על ֗֗֗ ; Ps 55:16 Kt.; of a blessing, Exod 32:29; Ps 3:9, a curse Deut 30:7, mercies (probably conceived specifically as descending from heaven) Ps 33:22; Ps 86:13; Ps 90:17; Ps 103:17 (with גבר be mighty over or upon, vPs 33:11; Ps 117:2), Ps 116:12; Ps 145:9; Ezra 3:11, שׁלום Ps 125:6; Ps 128:6; 1Chr 22:9.

(c) Introducing the object upon which an action, or emotion, especially if accompanied by a gesture, is conceived as being directed (but with some of these words, especially when they refer to an event, rather than a person, as Exod 18:9, על is to be explained from 1 f b). Thus with verbs denoting the manifestation of joy or grief, as שׂושׂ to rejoice over, גיל, שׂמח, התענג, התפאר, שׂחק, אבל, ספד, שׁמם, בכה Judg 11:37 +, נשׂא (משׁל) קינה to take up a lament, or proverb, over (see these words); probably also in הִנָּבֵא על prophecy over Ezek 11:4; Ezek 13:17 +; with חוּס, חָמַל, רִחַם to shew compassion on (compare 1Kgs 3:26 [Gen 43:30 אל], Song 5:4 [Jer 31:20 ל]); with שׁמר, שׁקד, הֵעִיר (Job 8:6) to guard or watch over; with יעץ to counsel upon Isa 14:26 +, חשׁב to devise (usually in bad sense, Jer 29:11 in good), דִּבֶּר (רעה Jer 11:17 +, טובה Jer 18:20; Jer 32:42), הֵקִים דָּבָר Jer 29:10. Of more distinctly phys. acts, with בכה to weep on Gen 45:14; Gen 45:15 +, שׁרק to hiss, ספק or תקע כף to clap the hand, הִכָּה כף Ezek 22:13 (|| אל); Isa 5:30 to growl over, Isa 31:4; Ezek 36:2; Job 30:5 הִתְוַדָּה to confess over (the goat), Lev 16:21; Exod 30:10a (probably); Deut 21:6; Job 6:27; Job 40:30.

b. From a lower place upwards, up upon, up to, as עלה על to go up upon: Exod 20:26; 1Sam 2:28; 1Kgs 12:33b 2Kgs 16:12b 2Chr 1:6 (an altar, i.e. to a ledge beside it; compare 2Kgs 23:9, and ירד Lev 9:22; 1Kgs 1:53); Judg 9:51; Isa 14:14; Isa 40:9, etc.; to come up upon (in different connections) Exod 10:12; Lev 16:9 (figurative), Lev 19:19; 1Sam 1:11; 1Sam 6:7; 1Kgs 10:16; 1Kgs 10:17 figurative עלה על לב Isa 65:17 + (see לב, לבב, 3 d); in Hiph`il 1Kgs 20:33 וַיַּעֲלֵהוּ עַל הַמֶּרְכָּבָה, Amos 8:10 (compare 1 a a), 2Sam 1:24; Ezek 37:6; Ps 137:6 (figurative), 2Chr 3:5; 2Chr 3:14 (= ornamented with); Deut 28:61 (compare Exod 15:26 b); 2Chr 20:34 the history of Jehu which הֹעֲלָח עַל was brought up upon (i.e. inserted in) the book of, etc. (compare 2Chr 32:32 and כתב על above 1); compare נטה יד עלהֿשׁמים up to heaven Exod 9:22; Exod 10:21; Exod 17:16.

c. Expressing direction towards (not common, except in sense against: see below) —
(a) with verbs of motion, properly of a person (or thing) moving to another so as either to stand above, or rest upon, it (compare Pusey^{Min. Pr. 333}), Exod 34:12 הארץ אשׁר אתה בא עליה (simile, of a land, or place, Exod 18:23; Num 11:12; 1Kgs 2:26 עֲנָתֹת לֵךָ עַלשָֿׂדֶיךָ, Ezek 32:9; Jer 3:18 b Jer 16:13; Jer 22:26, and after שׁוּב or הֵשִׁיב Jer 16:15; Jer 22:27; Jer 23:3; Jer 24:6 [but אֶל Jer 27:22; Jer 30:3 al.], Ezek 29:14; Gen 40:13 וֶהֱשִׁיבְךָ עלכַּֿנָּ֑ךָ, Gen 41:13; Gen 30:33 כִּי תָבאֹ עַל שְׂכָרִי to view my hire; בא על נפשׁ מֵת to enter in upon or beside a corpse; בא על אשׁה Gen 19:31; Deut 25:5 (usually אל); Josh 3:16 מַיִם יֹרְדִים עַל יָם, Ezek 47:8; 1Kgs 18:12 יִשָּֽׂאֲךָ עַלאֲֿשֶׁר לֹאאֵֿדָ֑ע, Ps 19:7; 2Kgs 16:12; 2Chr 20:24; Isa 53:1 upon whom (coming from above) was ׳י's arm revealed? Isa 62:10 העמים הרימו נֵס על over towards (but Isa 49:22 אל): but often it is dubious if this force is perceptible; and in general על in such cases seems to be used merely as a synonym — perhaps as a slightly more graphic synonym — of אֶל (compare p. 41); in the later language, also, it may be due partly to the influence of Aramaic, which does not use אֶל; thus
(a) with a personal object, with assemble or be assembled, Exod 32:1; 2Sam 17:11; 1Kgs 8:5; 1Kgs 11:24; 2Kgs 22:20 (2Chr 34:28 and usually אל), 2Chr 13:7, עלה Gen 38:12; Josh 2:8; 1Sam 14:10 (1Sam 14:9 v1Sam 14:12 אל), עבר 1Sam 14:4 (1Sam 14:1 אל), בא 2Sam 15:4 (see Dr) 1Chr 12:23f., יצא 2Kgs 24:12, הוליך 2Kgs 25:20, נגע Judg 20:34; Judg 20:41 (compare Isa 6:7; Jer 1:9), נס Isa 10:3, הלך Isa 22:15 (אל ֗֗֗ על), נשׂא Isa 30:6, שׁלח 2Kgs 18:27 (על ֗֗֗ אל ֗֗֗ על: || Isa 36:12 אל ֗֗֗ אל ֗֗֗ על), Jer 26:15; Jer 29:31; 1Chr 13:2; 2Chr 28:16; 2Chr 30:1; 2Chr 32:9; 2Chr 32:31; 2Chr 36:15; Neh 6:3, נגשׁ Ezek 9:6, שׁב, השׁיב Neh 4:6; Mal 3:24 (see c), followed by ׳על י 2Chr 15:4; 2Chr 30:9, התיצּב 2Chr 11:13 letters going ׳על פ Neh 2:7; Neh 6:17 a (v:b אל). (β) of places, Gen 24:49; 2Sam 2:19 + על ימין to the right; with הלך 1Sam 2:11; 1Kgs 20:43 עלבֿיתו (1Kgs 21:4 אל), 2Sam 15:20 ואני הולך על אשׁר אני הולך, Jer 1:7; Ezek 1:20 (Ezek 1:12 אל), הוליך 1Kgs 1:38 (1Kgs 1:33 אל), נהר Mic 4:1 (|| Isa 2:2 אל), Jer 31:12 (אל ֗֗֗ על), נגשׁ Ezek 44:13 (|| אל), עלה 1Sam 24:23; 2Sam 19:1; 1Kgs 6:8 (|| אל), Ezek 41:7, בא Jer 14:3; Jer 51:51, (על הר) הביא Isa 66:20 (Isa 56:7 אל), ירד Jer 36:12, הִטָּה Prov 21:1, הסיר 2Sam 6:10 (|| 1Chr 13:13 אל), נתן Isa 29:12 (Isa 29:11 אל) Mic 1:14; Mic 3:5; Gen 42:37, השׁיב, שׁב, Num 33:7; Jer 11:10 (figurative, עַל עֲוֺנוֺת), Ps 35:13; Job 34:15 (Gen 3:19 אל), Prov 26:11; Eccl 1:6; 1Kgs 17:21; 1Kgs 17:22 (compare 1Sam 30:12 אל), השׁתחוה Lev 26:11 (probably), Isa 60:14 pregnantly Isa 24:22 אֻסְּפוּ עַל בּוֺר be collected (and delivered) into a dungeon: compare חוּשׁ עַל Job 31:5 (figurative), also to requite עַלחֵֿיק Isa 65:6; Isa 65:7 Kt. (Jer 32:18; Ps 79:12 אל). After נראה appear, Ps 90:16 (אל ֗֗֗ על). And as far as, unto (nearly = יַד) Gen 49:13 וְיַרְכָתוֺעַל צִידוֺן, Josh 2:7; Josh 18:13; Josh 19:12; Jer 31:39; Ezek 47:18; Ezek 48:21; Ezek 48:28; Ps 48:11; 1Chr 5:16.

(b) With אמר say to, 2Kgs 22:8; Jer 18:11 (אל ֗֗֗ על), Jer 22:6; Jer 23:2; Jer 23:35 (על ֗֗֗ אל), Jer 36:29; Jer 44:20 (אל ֗֗֗ על), דבר 1Sam 1:13 (Gen 24:45 אל), 1Kgs 9:5; Hos 12:11; Jer 6:10; Jer 10:1; Jer 11:2 (אל ֗֗֗ על), speak to Jer 25:2 (על ֗֗֗ אל), Jer 26:2, compare Esth 1:17, ׳היה דבר י Jer 25:1; 1Chr 22:8 compare 1Chr 11:10, ענה 2Sam 19:43, קרא Isa 34:14; 2Chr 32:18, שִׁוַּע Ps 18:42, הֵרַע 1Kgs 17:20, שֹׁרֵר, שָׁר sing Prov 25:20; Job 33:27, החליק Prov 29:5 ( Ps 36:3 אל), התפלל 1Sam 1:10, כתב 2Chr 30:1; Ezra 4:7; Esth 8:8, שׁמע 2Kgs 20:13 ( = Isa 39:2), Isa 22:13; Jer 23:16; Jer 26:5; Jer 35:18; Hag 1:12 see also הקשׁיב, האזין, הבין, התבונן, השׂכיל.

(c) Expressing (or implying) the direction of the mind, 2Sam 14:1 לב המלך על אבשׁלם; Mal 3:24; Ezra 6:22; Song 7:11 וְעָלַי תְּשׁוּקָתוֺ (Gen 3:16; Gen 4:7 אל); שָׂם לִבּוֺ על Job 1:8 (Job 2:3 אל), 1Sam 25:25 (אל ֗֗֗ על); Jer 22:17 thy eyes and thy heart are only (set) upon (על) ..., 1Chr 12:17; 1Kgs 1:20; 2Chr 20:12 עֵינֵינוּ כִּי עָלֶיךָ (elsewhere אל), 1Kgs 2:15 עָלַי שָׂמוּ פניהם, Ps 146:5 ׳שִׂבְרוֺ על י; Isa 10:25 וְאַפִּי עלתַּֿבְלִיתָם be (directed) towards their destruction, Jer 32:31 (Gf Ew compare RV); compare שׁעה על look to (trustfully) Isa 17:7; Isa 31:1. (The uses a, b, c are all exceptional: אל would be regularly employed.)

(d) With the force of over and towards (compare 5 and 7 a b, end): Ps 65:5 נוֺרָא עֲלִילָה עַל; to shine, etc. on, Ps 31:17 הָאִירָה פָנֶיךָ עַל (Num 6:25 אל); רָאָה עַל Exod 5:21 הוֺפִיעַ עַל Job 10:3 וְשַׂמְתִּי עֵינִי עַל Amos 9:4 + (compare Job 14:3; Job 24:3; Job 34:21); הִשְׁקִיף עַל look out over Ps 14:3 +.

d. In a hostile sense, upon, against: so very often, after every kind of verb expressing or implying attack, as בא Gen 34:25; Gen 34:27, נֶאֱסַף vGen 34:30, קצף to be angry Gen 40:2, לון to murmur Exod 15:24 עמד stand up Lev 19:16 +, קָם rise up Deut 19:11; Amos 7:9, נלחם Deut 20:10, חנה 1Sam 11:1; Ps 27:3, עלה 2Kgs 17:3, חרה אף Zech 10:3 (usually בְּ), שׁפך סללה Isa 37:33, צוּר besiege Deut 20:12, חשׁב to devise Gen 50:20; Jer 11:19, דִּבֶּר Deut 13:6 +, etc.: add Job 16:4 (twice in verse); Job 16:9; Job 16:10; Job 16:13; Job 19:12; Job 21:27; Job 30:12, etc.; היה על 2Sam 11:23; Num 31:3: הִנְנִי לַיִךְ (see אֶל 4); note also Judg 9:31; Judg 20:5: without a verb Isa 9:20; Judg 16:12 פלשׁתים עליך the Philistines are upon thee, Judg 20:9 עָלֶיהָ בְּגוֺרָל Against it by lot !

8. By writers of the silver age, על is sometimes used with the force of a dative, 1Chr 13:2 אִם עֲלֵיבֶם טוֺב (in classical Hebrew בְּעֵינֵיכֶם) if it seems good to you, אִם עַל הַמֶּלֶךְ טוֺב Neh 2:5; Neh 2:7; Esth 1:19; Esth 3:9; Esth 5:4; Esth 5:8; Esth 7:3; Esth 8:5; Esth 9:13 (compare in Aramaic Ezra 5:17; Ezra 7:18); עַל שָׁפַר Ps 16:6 (compare in Aramaic Dan 4:24); עָרַב עַל Ps 104:34 (elsewhere לְ); רַע לְ Eccl 2:17 (see De; compare בְּאֵשׁ עַל Dan 6:15): compare Job 22:2 סָכַן על be profitable to, Job 33:23 also גָּמַל עַל (in both good and bad sense: see גמל), Neh 5:19 עשׂה על, Neh 9:30 משׁך על prolong (mercy) to; הִטָּה חֶסֶד עַל Ezra 7:28; Ezra 9:9 (Gen 39:21 אל): 1Sam 20:8 read probably עם for על. compare Mishna חביב על, dear to; סני על hateful to; Syriac , , pleasant, acceptable to. — compare in general the uses of , W^{AG ii. § 59}.

9. With other particles: — עַל אַחֲרֵי Ezek 41:15 עַל בֵּין Ezek 19:11 (compare אל Ezek 31:10; Ezek 31:14); עַל לִפְנֵי Ezek 40:15 עַל מֵעַל Ezek 41:17 (text dubious), vEzek 41:20 עַל עֵבֶר Exod 25:37 (compare אל Ezek 1:9; Ezek 1:12); עַלבָּֿ֫כָה Esth 9:26. — On עַליַֿד, עַליְֿדֵי, עַל פִּי, עַלפְּֿנֵי, see יָד, פֶּה, פָּנִים.

III. As conjunction: a. עַל אֲשֶׁר because that . . . (compare above, II 1 f b), Exod 32:35 and ׳י plagued the people על אשׁר עשׂו because they had made, etc., Num 20:24; Deut 29:24 (in answer to על מה: so 1Kgs 9:9; Jer 16:11; Jer 22:9), Jer 32:51 (twice in verse); 1Sam 24:6; 2Sam 3:30; 2Sam 6:8; 2Sam 8:10; 2Sam 12:6; Ps 119:49 +.

b. עַל כִּי similar in meaning, but less frequent: Deut 31:17; Judg 3:12; Jer 4:28; Mal 2:14; Ps 139:14.

c. עַל alone:
(a) because, Gen 31:20 (E) עַל בְּלִי הִגִּיד, Ps 119:136 עַל לֹא.
(b) notwithstanding that (above, 1 f f), although, Isa 53:9 חָמָס עָשָׂה עַל לֹא although he did no violence, Job 16:7 עַל לֹא חָמָס בְּכַפָּ֑י.

IV. Compounds: —

1. with כְּ (rare and late),
a. as concerning, as upon Ps 119:14 כְּעַל כָּלהֿוֺן, 2Chr 32:19.
b. (pleon. for כְּ), Isa 59:18 כְּעַל גְּמֻלוֺת כְּעַל יְשַׁלֵּם the like of their deeds is the like of (that which) he will repay (כְּעַל repeated on the analogue of כְּ Num 15:15; Hos 4:9: see כְּ) = according to their deeds is (that which) he will repay, Isa 63:7 according to.

2. מֵעַל₃₀₄ from upon, from over, from by — used with much delicacy of application in many different connections, corresponding mostly with the different senses of על. Thus
a. from upon idiomatically, when removal, motion, etc., from a surface is involved, as מעל האדמה, מעל פני האדמה from upon (the face of) the ground, usually with expel, destroy, perish, etc. Gen 4:14; Gen 6:7; Gen 7:4; Exod 32:12; Deut 6:15; Deut 28:21; Deut 28:63 + often, especially Jeremiah and compiler of Kings; to be lifted up הארץ מעל Gen 7:17; Ezek 1:19; Ezek 1:21 +, to return or be dried (of water) מעל הארץ Gen 8:3; Gen 8:7; Gen 8:11; Gen 8:13 to roll a stone מֵעַל פִּי הַבְּאֵד Gen 29:3 of the cloud departing האהל מעל Num 9:17; Num 12:10, compare Neh 9:19 to rise up הַכִּסֵּא מֵעַל Judg 3:20; 1Kgs 2:4, מֵעַל מִשְׁכָּבוֺ 2Sam 11:2 to alight מֵעַל הַגָּמָל (נָפַלׅ Gen 24:64 (compare Josh 15:18 צנח, 1Sam 25:23 ירד), ירד מֵעַל הַמֶּרְכָּבָה Judg 4:15; 2Kgs 5:21 (נפל); to take מֵעַל ראֹשׁ Gen 40:19; 2Sam 12:30, מֵעַל הַמִּזְבֵּחַ Lev 16:12; Num 17:11; Isa 6:6 to see מֵעַל הַגָּנ 2Sam 11:2 to shoot מֵעַל הַחוֺמָה v2Sam 11:20 v2Sam 11:24 to speak מֵעַל הַכַּפֹּרֶת Exod 25:22; Num 7:89 to cast down מֵעַל יָדַיִם Deut 9:17; Lev 8:28 (כַּפַּיִם); to break, remove, etc., a yoke (צוארך) מעל שׁכמך Gen 27:40; Isa 10:27; Jer 28:10; Jer 28:11 to wipe tears מֵעַל כָּלפָּֿנִים Isa 25:8 to take a bandage מעל עיניו 1Kgs 20:41 (compare על v1Kgs 20:38); often of putting off a garment or ornament., as Gen 38:14; Gen 38:19 וַתָּסַר צְעִיפָהּ מֵעָלֶיהָ, Exod 33:5 הוֺרֵד עֶדְיְךָ מֵעָלֶיךָ, a sandal Exod 3:5; Josh 5:15, a ring מֵעַל יָדוֺ Gen 41:42 to seek (דרשׁ), or hear, words מֵעַל הַסֵּפֶר Isa 34:16; Jer 36:11 (compare כתב על ספד above); pregnantly with בָּלָה to wear away (and fall) from off, Deut 8:4; Deut 29:4, compare of the bones or skin in disease Job 30:17 עֲצָמַי נִקַּר מֵעָלָ֑י are pierced (and drop) from off me, vJob 30:30 עוֺרִי שָׁחַר מעלי is black (and falls) from off me; figurative 1Sam 1:11 הָסִירִי יֵינֵךְ מֵעָלַיִךְ remove thy wine from off thee; Num 14:9 סָר צִלָּם מֵעֲלֵיהֶם; Judg 16:19; Judg 16:20 סר מעליו ׳י (with allusion to the hair, as the seat of Samson's strength), 1Sam 16:23 (compare על in v1Sam 16:16).

b. Of relief from a burden or trouble: as of a plague, stroke, rod, etc., removed from (resting) on one, Exod 10:17 וְיָסֵר מֵעָלַי אֶתהַֿמָּוֶת הַזֶּה, Num 21:7; Num 25:8 ׳וַתֵּעָצַר הַמַּגֵּפָה מֵעַל ישׂר 2Sam 24:21; 2Sam 24:25), Ps 39:11 הָסֵר מֵעָלַי נִגְעֶ֑ךָ, Job 9:34; Job 13:21; Joel 2:20 of reproach Josh 5:9; Isa 25:8; Ps 119:22, iniquity Ezek 18:31; Zech 3:4, bloodguiltiness, 1Kgs 2:31, wrath Judg 8:3; Num 25:11; Prov 24:18, murmurings Num 17:21; Num 17:25 הֵקֵל מֵעַל to lighten from upon one Exod 18:22 +; Amos 5:23 הָסֵר מֵעָלַיהֲמוֺן שִׁירֶיךָ; pregnantly Jonah 1:11; Jonah 1:12 that the sea יִשְׁתֹּק מֵעָלֵינוּ may be calm from off us; to remove, etc., מֵעַל פָּנַי (see פָּנִים); 1Sam 6:20 to whom shall he go up מֵעָלֵינוּ — not merely 'from us,' but — from upon us (relieving us of his presence), so often of an army retiring from a country or raising a siege, 2Sam 10:14 ויָּשָׁב יוֺאָב מֵעַל בְּנֵי עַמּוֺן, 2Sam 20:21 וְאֵעלכָה מֵעַל הָעִיר, v2Sam 20:22 Ki 2Sam 3:27; 2Sam 18:14, especially with עָלָה, נַעֲלָה 1Kgs 15:19; Jer 21:2; Jer 37:5; Jer 37:11 +; 2Sam 19:10 David fled מעל אבשׁלום from Absalom (whom his presence had encumbered), Neh 13:28 וָאַבְרִיחֵהוּ מֵעָלַי, compare Gen 13:11; Gen 25:6; Num 20:21 מֵעָלָיו ׳וַיֵּט ישׂר, 2Chr 20:10; Exod 10:28 לֵךְ מֵעָלַי (contemptuously; be no more obnoxious to me), similarly 2Sam 13:17 שׁלחונֿא אתזֿאת מעלי (Amnon of Tamar).

c. From beside (compare על 6 c), in different nuances: Gen 17:22 God went up מעל אברהם from beside A., Gen 35:13; Gen 18:3 אל נא תעבר מעל עבדך (compare על vGen 18:5), Gen 42:24; Num 16:25; Num 16:27; 1Kgs 1:53 to come down מֵעַל הַמִּזְבֵּחַ (compare על 1Kgs 13:1 6 c and 7 b); from attendance on Gen 45:1 (compare על ib.), Judg 3:19 וְיֵּצְאוּ מֵעָלָיו כָּלהָֿעֹמְדִים עָלָיו 1Sam 17:15 (see Dr), 2Sam 13:9, compare1 Sam 2Sam 13:8; 2Sam 13:11; 2Kgs 25:5 (Jer 36:21 read עַל, מ being dittograph), compare 2Chr 35:15 from attachment to, ׳רָחַק מֵעַל י Jer 2:5; Ezek 11:15; Ezek 44:10, compare Ezek 8:6, ׳סָר מֵעַל י Jer 32:40; Ezek 6:9, ׳תָּעָה מֵעַל י Ezek 44:10; Ezek 44:15, compare Ezek 14:5; Deut 13:11 also סָר מֵעַל חַטּאֹות 2Kgs 10:31; 2Kgs 15:18 (usually מֵחטאות), compare Ezek 14:6; Ezek 23:18 from companionship with, Job 19:13 אַחַי מֵעַלַי הִרְחִיק; from accompanying protectingly 1Sam 28:15 וֵאלֹהִים סָר מֵעַלַי, v1Sam 28:16 (compare על Ps 110:5 and see Dr); from adhesion to 2Kgs 17:21 קָרַע ישׂראל מֵעַל בֵּית תָּוִד, Isa 7:17; Isa 56:6 יַבְדִּילַנִי מֵעַל עַמּוֺ ׳י, Hos 9:1 זָנִיתָ מֵעַל אֱלֹהֶיךָ.

d. In late Hebrew, = עַל above: 2Kgs 25:28 נָתַן ׳כִּסְאוֺ מֵעַל כִּסֵּא וגו (|| Jer 52:32 more class. מִמַּעַל לְ), Esth 3:1; Ps 108:5 גדול מעל שׁמים (|| Ps 57:11 עַד), Ps 148:4; Eccl 5:7 גָּבֹהַּ מֵעַל גָּבֹהַּ שֹׁמֵר, Neh 3:28; Neh 8:5; 2Chr 34:4 לְמַעְלָה מֵעֲלֵיהֶם on high above them; Ezek 41:17; Ezek 41:20. — Prov 14:14 read with De Now Str וּמִמַּעֲלָלָיו.

e. מֵעַל לְ (chiefly late, and pleonastic for עַל, or else = the more class. synonym מִמַּעַל לְ): (a) Gen 1:7 מֵעַל לָרָקִיעַ (Ezek 1:26 ׳מִמַּעַל לְ), Ezek 1:25 (text dubious; see Commentaries), 1Sam 17:39; Jonah 4:6; Mal 1:5 upon, over the border (territory) of Israel (so Köhl Ke: but Hi Ew We beyond, 2Chr 13:4 upon, mount Zemaraim, 2Chr 24:20. (b) beside 2Chr 26:19 מֵעַל לְמִזְבַּח הַקְּטֹרֶת; Neh 12:31 (twice in verse); Neh 12:37; Neh 12:38 (twice in verse); Neh 12:39 dubious: BeRy (in all) off the side of (מִן 6) = at a little distance from; Ke in vNeh 12:31 vNeh 12:38a upon, in vNeh 12:37 vNeh 12:38b; vNeh 12:39 by the side of (an ... vorüber).

BDB6111 H4192 H5921 H5961

עֲלָמוֺת, עַלמֿוּת etc., see עַלְמָה below II. עלם. below

BDB9768 H5922 H5921

עַל preposition upon, over, on account of, above, to, against (Biblical Hebrew and general Aramaic id.); — suffix 1 singular עֲלַי; 2 masculine singular עליך Kt (so Egyptian Aramaic, Cooke^{No. 77, A 5, 6, B 8}, S-C^{Pap. A 3, B 5} +), עֲלָךְ, Qr (ᵑ7 עֲלַךְ, Dalm^{§ 47, 2}) Dan 3:12 + 6 t. Daniel; Ezra 7:18 3 masculine singular עֲלוֺהִי (so Nabataean, Palmyrene; Egyptian Aramaic עלוי S-C^{A 6} +) Dan 3:28 +, עֲלֹהִי Ezra 6:11 3 feminine singular עליה Kt (so Egyptian Aramaic, S-C^{D 24}), עֲלַהּ Qr (so ᵑ7) Dan 4:14; Dan 5:21 1 plural עֲלֵינָא Ezra 4:12, עֲלֵ֑ינָא Ezra 4:18; Ezra 5:17 Baer (Gi עֲלֶ֑ינָא); 3 masculine plural עֲלֵיהֹם (so Nabataean, CIS^{ii. 226}; Egyptian Aramaic, S-C^{Pap. F 5, 8}+) Ezra 7:24, עֲלֵיהוֺן Ezra 5:1; Ezra 5:3 —

1. a. upon, Dan 2:10; Dan 2:28; Dan 2:46; Dan 5:5; Dan 5:7; Dan 6:11 + often, Dan 4:26 עַלהֵֿיכַל מַלְכוּתָא (2Sam 11:2); to be established עַל מַלְכוּתִי 2Sam 4:33 (compare 2Chr 1:1 Biblical Hebrew II. 1) to lay an impost upon, Ezra 7:24 to trust on, Dan 3:28 after a verb of motion, מְטָא עַל to come upon, Dan 4:21; Dan 4:25 of times, to pass over, Dan 4:13; Dan 4:20; Dan 4:22; Dan 4:29; Ezra 5:1 בְּשֻׁם אֱלָהּ יִשְׂרָאֵל עֲלֵיהוֺן i.e. (named) over them.
b. idiomatic (as in Biblical Hebrew; see II. 1 d) of the person who is the subject of an emotion or experience, Dan 5:9 וְזִיוֺתִי שָׁנַיִן עֲלוֺהִי were changed upon him, Dan 7:28; Dan 6:19 וְשִׁנְּתֵהּ נַדַּת עֲלוֺהִי (compare Dan 2:1).
c. on accusative of (Biblical Hebrew 1 f b), Dan 3:16 פִּתְגָּם עַלדְּֿנָה. So in עַלדְּֿנָה on this accusative Ezra 4:15; Ezra 4:22; Ezra 5:17, עַלמָֿה wherefore ? Dan 2:15 and עַל דִּבְרַת דִּי (see ׳דְּ).
d. on behalf of (ib. 1 f c), Ezra 6:17.
e. regarding, concerning (ib. 1 f g), Dan 2:18; Dan 5:14; Dan 5:29; Dan 6:6; Dan 6:13; Ezra 7:14 + often

2. over, with verbs of ruling, appointing, etc., Dan 2:48; Dan 2:49; Dan 3:12; Dan 4:14 +, Ezra 4:20; Ezra 6:18.

3. in a comparative sense, above, beyond, Dan 3:19; Dan 6:4.

4. expressing direction:
a. to, of a person, after a verb of motion (compare Biblical Hebrew 7 c a a), Dan 2:24; Dan 4:31; Dan 4:33; Dan 6:7; Dan 6:16; Ezra 4:12; Ezra 4:23 + often; after to send (a letter, etc.) Ezra 4:11; Ezra 4:17; Ezra 4:18; Ezra 5:6 +, write Ezra 4:7, prophesy Ezra 5:1 of the direction of the mind (ib. 7c c), Dan 3:12; Dan 6:14 (twice in verse); Dan 6:15 compare Ezra 5:5 הֲוַת עַל ׳וְעֵין אֱל (compare Jer 40:4 and אֶל Ps 34:16).
b. against, Dan 3:19; Dan 3:29; Dan 5:23; Dan 6:5; Dan 6:6 +; Ezra 4:8; Ezra 7:23.

5. in such phrases as שְׁפַר עַל, טְאֵב (to be) good or acceptable to (as in Syriac and late Hebrew: see Biblical Hebrew 8), Ezra 5:17 אִם עַל מַלְכָּא טָב, Ezra 7:18 (twice in verse); Dan 4:24 (יִשְׁפַּר), Dan 6:15 (בְּאֵשׁ), v.Dan 6:24 (טְאֵב). — compare the synopsis of meanings in Lzb³⁴⁰.

upon, against, over, in, for, …

ʿal

above, over, upon, or against (yet always in this last relation with a downward aspect) in a great variety of applications

(prep) upon, on the ground of, according to, on account of, on behalf of, concerning, beside, in addition to, together with, beyond, above, over, by, on to, towards, to, against

upon, on the ground of, on the basis of, on account of, because of, therefore, on behalf of, for the sake of, for, with, in spite of, notwithstanding, concerning, in the matter of, as regards

אַפּֽ וֹ

אַפּֽ

Root word anger, wrath, face, nostrils, nose, …

וֹ

Suffix — pronoun his / him / it

Dictionary form: אַף · ap

Noun — Common, masculine singular, construct state "___ of …" — bound to the next word

In the KJV here: his wrath

anger ×40 his anger ×13 and the anger ×12 wrath ×10 mine anger ×8 of his anger ×8 the anger ×8 to anger ×8

More options

anger — Most natural default; fits narrative and poetic contexts.

wrath — Stronger, more intense; suits divine or royal fury.

rage — Visceral, uncontrolled emotion; good for heated human anger.

nose — Literal anatomical sense; Hebrew idiom 'long of nose' = patient.

nostril — Use when breath or snorting imagery is in focus.

face — Rare metonymic sense; only when context clearly demands it.

BDB601 H639

I. אַף₂₇₇ noun masculine^{Gen 30:2} nostril, nose, face, anger (Assyrian appu, face Flood^{iii. 27, 29} compare Hpt KAT^{2 Gloss}, Arabic , Ethiopic nose; Aramaic , אֲנְפִּין face) — absolute Ps 78:21 +; construct Gen 27:45 +; suffix אַפּי Exod 22:23 +, etc.; du אַפַּיִם Prov 14:17 +; אַפָּיו Gen 2:7 + etc.; — In Hexateuch J E (Josh 7:1 P? Josh 23:16 D?).

1. nostril, as organ of breathing Gen 2:7; Gen 7:22; Job 27:3 compare Num 11:20; 2Sam 22:9 = Ps 18:9 compare Isa 65:5; Isa 2:22; Lam 4:20; Ezek 38:18 (strike out Co) Amos 4:10 רוּחַ אַפֶּיךָ (of ׳י) i.e. wind Exod 15:8 compare נִשְׁמַת רוּחַ אַפּוֺ 2Sam 22:16 = Ps 18:16 (see also below 3); nose singular Song 7:5; Song 7:9; Ezek 8:17; Ezek 23:25; Prov 30:33 (where play upon different meaning of אַף & אַפַּיִם):
(a) as organ of smelling Deut 33:10; Ps 115:6 (b) as place of ring for ornament Gen 24:47; Isa 3:21; Ezek 16:12
(c) as place of ring or hook for captive 2Kgs 19:28 = Isa 37:29 for beasts, e.g. swine Prov 11:22 hippopotamus Job 40:24 crocodile v.Job 40:26.

2. Du face (especially in phrase אַפַּיִם אַרְצָה) Gen 19:1; Gen 42:6; Gen 48:12; Num 22:31; 1Sam 20:41; 1Sam 24:9; 1Sam 25:41; 1Sam 28:14; 1Sam 2:4; 1Sam 2:33; 1Sam 18:28; 1Sam 24:20; 1Sam 1:23; 1Sam 1:31; 1Sam 1:21; 1Sam 2:3; 1Sam 20:18; also Gen 3:19 גֹּבַהּ אַפּוֺ pride of his countenance Ps 10:4 לְאַפֵּי before, local sense (compare לִפְנֵי) 1Sam 25:23 אַפָּ֑יִם 1Sam 1:5 read אֶפֶס ᵐ5 We Dr (q. v.)

3. mostly anger, human Gen 27:45; Gen 49:6; Gen 49:7 + (45 t.); oftener divine Exod 32:12; Deut 9:19; 2Kgs 24:20 + (177 t.); often subject חָרָה (וַיִּ֫חַר etc.) his anger was kindled Gen 30:2; Gen 39:19; Exod 4:14; Exod 22:23; Exod 32:10; Exod 32:11 +; in various combinations, especially חֲרוֺן אַף fierceness of anger Exod 32:12; Num 25:4; Num 32:14 +; compare חֳרִיאָֿף 1Sam 20:34 בַּעַלאַֿף Prov 22:24 one given to anger, etc.; אֶרֶךְ אַפַּיִם slow to anger Exod 34:6; Num 14:18; Neh 9:17 + 7 t. of God; Prov 14:29; Prov 15:18; Prov 16:32; Prov 25:15 of man.

BDB648 H639

I. אַף see below אנף.

BDB9318 H600 H639

[אֲנַף, אַף K^{§ 55, 4}] noun masculine only dual (Schulth^{ZAW xxii (1902), 164}) face (Biblical Hebrew אַף, √ אנף; Aramaic of Têma אנפי SAC²³ Lzb²²² Cooke^{69, 1. 14}, so S-C^{G 19 and} (usually) ᵑ7^J; אפין ᵑ7^{Onk Jon}, Syriac, Christian-Palestinian Aramaic (Schulth^Lex.13); also אפי Palmyrene Lzb²²² Cooke^{p.339, Christian-Palestinian} Aramaic with preposition Schulth^{Lex.14, etc}.); — plural suffix 3 masculine singular אַנְפּוֺהִי Dan 2:46; Dan 3:19.

anger, wrath, face, nostrils, nose, …

ʾap

properly, the nose or nostril; hence, the face, and occasionally a person; also (from the rapid breathing in passion) ire

nostril, nose, face

Word Breakdown

Vowels & Accents

Grammar C

English Options

Brown-Driver-Briggs (BDB)

Strong's Definition H6435

Word Breakdown

Vowels & Accents

Grammar Vqi3ms

Verb Chart

English Options

Brown-Driver-Briggs (BDB)

Strong's Definition H7200

Word Breakdown

Vowels & Accents

Grammar Np

English Options

Brown-Driver-Briggs (BDB)

Strong's Definition H3068

Word Breakdown

Vowels & Accents

Grammar C/Vqq3ms

Verb Chart

English Options

Brown-Driver-Briggs (BDB)

Strong's Definition H7489

Word Breakdown

Vowels & Accents

Grammar R/Ncbdc/Sp3ms

English Options

Brown-Driver-Briggs (BDB)

Strong's Definition H5869

Word Breakdown

Vowels & Accents

Grammar C/Vhq3ms

Verb Chart

English Options

Brown-Driver-Briggs (BDB)

Strong's Definition H7725

Word Breakdown

Vowels & Accents

Grammar R/R/Sp3ms

English Options

Brown-Driver-Briggs (BDB)

Strong's Definition H5921

Word Breakdown

Vowels & Accents

Grammar Ncmsc/Sp3ms

English Options

Brown-Driver-Briggs (BDB)

Strong's Definition H639

Masoretic Phrasing

KJV