Proverbs 7:17

נַ֥פְתִּי מִשְׁכָּבִ֑י מֹ֥ר אֲ֝הָלִ֗ים וְקִנָּמֽוֹן
I have perfumed my bed with myrrh, aloes, and cinnamon.
Select a Hebrew word above to see its details.

נַ֥פְתִּי
נַ֥פְתִּי
Root word wave, waved, shake, up, offer, …
Dictionary form: נוּף · noop

Verb — Qal, Perfect (Qatal), first person singular simple action — "he did" completed action — try "he ___ed" or "he has ___ed" the built-in subject is "I"

In the KJV here: i have perfumed
shall wave ×3 and wave ×2 and waved ×2 offered ×2 and he shall wave ×1 and offer ×1 and shall wave ×1 and shalt wave ×1
More options
wave — Best for ritual 'wave offering' contexts in cultic law.
brandish — Prefer for weapons or threatening gestures; vivid, active.
shake — Good for natural imagery, e.g., shaking a tree or hand.
present — Softer option when ritual offering sense needs modern clarity.
sift — Use specifically when sieving/winnowing motion is in view.
swing — Captures back-and-forth motion; works for tools or implements.

BDB5079 H5130

BDB5078 | BIBLICAL HEBREW | BDB5080

I. [נוּף] verb move to and fro, wave, besprinkle (Late Hebrew Hiph`il, Pilpal wave, blow, fan, compare נָפָה sift, נָפָה noun sieve (as Biblical Hebrew); ᵑ7 Aph`el as Biblical Hebrew; Syriac bend, wave, shake; Di compare Ethiopic quadril. distil, drop like dew; sift); —

Qal Perfect 1 singular ׳נַ֫פְתִּי מִשְׁכָּבִי מֹר וגו Prov 7:17 I have besprinkled my couch with myrrh, etc. Po`lel Imperfect 3 masculine singular ׳יְנֹפֵף יָדוֺ הַר וגו Isa 10:32 he brandisheth his hand toward the mountain (on accusative הַר compare Ges«GKC:118f»§ 118f. DaSynt. § 69, R 2). Hiph`il Perfect 3 masculine singular הֵנִיף Josh 8:31 +, 2 masculine singular הֵנַ֫פְתָּ Exod 20:25 (Ges«GKC:72k»§ 72k), וְהֵנַפְתָּ֫ Exod 29:24 + 3 t.; 1 singular הֲנִיפֹ֫תִי Job 31:21 Imperfect וַיָּ֫נֶף Lev 8:27; Num 8:21, suffix וַיְנִיפֵ֫הוּ Lev 8:29 2 masculine singular תָּנִיף Deut 23:26 + 2 t., etc.; Imperative masculine plural הָנִ֫יפוּ Isa 13:2 Infinitive construct הָנִיף Isa 10:15 + 2 t.; לַהֲנָפָה Isa 30:28 (Ges«GKC:72z»§ 72z BaNB 90, see also הֲנָחָה), etc.; Participle מֵנִיף Isa 19:16; Zech 2:13, etc.; — swing, wield, wave: —
1. wield, move tool to and fro in using it, with עַלֿ of material: כִּי חֵרְבְּךָ הֵנַפְתָּ עָלֶיהָ Exod 20:25 (E), i.e. over stone, so Deut 27:5; Josh 8:31 (D), and Deut 23:26 a sickle thou shalt not wield over the standing grain of thy neighbour; absolute מְנִיפוֺ Isa 10:15 against him that wieldeth it (i.e. a saw), and כְּהָנִיף שֵׁבֶט וְאֶתמְֿרִימוֺ vIsa 10:15 (read אֶתֿ) like a rod's wielding him that lifteth it.2.Shake or wave the hand;
  a. wave hand אֶלהַֿמָּקוֺם 2Kgs 5:11, in healing ceremony (i.e. probably toward sanctuary KmpKau; > toward the spot [where leprosy appears], so most).
  b. with עַלֿ, shake or brandish against, Isa 11:15; Isa 19:16; Zech 2:13 (all of ׳י) Job 31:21 [compare Eccl 12:18 (without עַל) in mockery].
  c. wave hand, as a signal, Isa 13:2.

3. swing to and fro בְּנָפַת,in a sieve, Isa 30:28 (figurative, of nations).

4. Oft. technical term in P (H), of rite in which originally the priest lifted his share of offering and waved it, i.e. moved it toward altar and back, in token of its presentation to God and its return by him to priest: in H, ׳וְהֵנִיף אֶתהָֿעֹמֶר לִפְנֵי י Lev 23:11a compare vLev 23:11b; vLev 23:12, also vLev 23:20 (on text see Di Dr-WhHpt); in P, וְהֵנַפְתָּ֫ אֹתוֺ ׳תְּנוּפָה לִפְנֵי י Exod 29:26, so Lev 7:30; Lev 8:29; Lev 10:15 (object omitted) Num 6:20 thus also Levites are set apart for service of the priests Num 8:11 (Di strike out see ), vNum 8:13 vNum 8:21, compare vNum 8:14 (׳לִפְנֵי י omitted); but same phr, of entire lamb, with oil, Lev 14:12; Lev 14:24, and of offerings which were burnt, entirely Exod 29:24 (compare vExod 29:25), Lev 8:27 (compare vLev 8:28), or in part Num 5:25 (׳הֵנִיף הַמִּנְחָה לִפְנֵי י), — in these the original significance seems lost; so, clearly, of contributions for tabernacle, = offer ׳הֵנִיף תְּנוּפַת זָהָב לְי Exod 35:22. — compare תְּנוּפָה below
5. Shed abroad (si vera lectio) גֶּשֶׁם נְדָבוֺת תָּנִיף Ps 68:10 bounteous rain thou didst shed abroad [compare ], but verb not wholly suitable; Lag Gr proposes תַּטִּיף, yet this also questionable. Hoph`al Perfect 3 masculine singular הוּנַף, be waved, Exod 29:27 (P), passive of
Hiph`il 4.

wave, waved, shake, up, offer, …
nûp
to quiver (i.e., vibrate up and down, or rock to and fro); used in a great variety of applications (including sprinkling, beckoning, rubbing, bastinadoing, sawing, waving, etc.)
  • to move to and fro, wave, besprinkle
    • (Qal) to besprinkle, sprinkle
      • "(Polel) to wave, brandish (in threat)"(Hiphil) to swing, wield, wave
      • to wield
        • "to wave or shake (the hand)
        • to wave (hand)
          • "to shake or brandish against"to swing to and fro
        to wave (an offering), offer"to shed abroad
      (Hophal) to be waved

מִשְׁכָּבִ ֑י
מִשְׁכָּבִ
Root word bed, beds, lying, with, couch, …
֑י
Suffix — pronoun my / me
Dictionary form: מִשְׁכָּב · mish-KAWB

Noun — Common, masculine singular, construct state "___ of …" — bound to the next word

In the KJV here: my bed
his bed ×7 their beds ×4 thy bed ×4 bed ×3 by lying ×3 the bed ×3 her bed ×2 my bed ×2
More options
bed — Most neutral, broadly applicable everyday term.
sleeping place — Useful when emphasizing a designated resting spot.
couch — Fits reclining or daytime rest contexts.
resting place — Slightly elevated register; good for poetic passages.
lying down — Use when the word functions as a verbal noun or act.
chamber — Suits intimate or private settings in narrative prose.

BDB8658 H4904

BDB8657 | BIBLICAL HEBREW | BDB8659

מִשְׁכָּב46 noun masculineLev 15:4 place of lying, couch; act of lying; — absolute ׳מ 1Kgs 1:47 +, construct מִשְׁכַּב 2Sam 4:5 +; suffix מִשְׁכָּבִי Job 7:13 +, מִשְׁכַּבְכֶם Ps 4:5 plural construct מִשְׁכְּבֵי Gen 49:4 +, suffix מִשְׁכְּבוֺהָם Hos 7:14 +, etc.; —

1. couch, bed (37 t.), 2Sam 4:11; Hos 7:14; Mic 2:1; 1Kgs 1:47; Song 3:1 +; ׳וְנָפַל לְמ Exod 21:18 (E) he takes to his bed; נִדָּתָהּ ׳מ Lev 15:26 (P; see below I. נדד); ׳מ as place of copulation Gen 49:4 (poem in J), Isa 57:7; Isa 57:8 (twice in verse); Prov 7:17 as place of burial Isa 57:2; Ezek 32:25; 2Chr 16:14 (see ׳מ Inscription Tabnit8 and perhaps Jewish inscription Cooke341).
2. act of lying:
  a. in general, ׳חֲדַר מ chamber of lying down = bed-chamber, Exod 7:28 (E), 2Sam 4:7; 2Kgs 6:12, בְּחַדְרֵי מִשְׁכָּֽבְךָ Eccl 10:20 הַצָּהֳרַיִם ׳והוּא שֹׁכֵב אֵת מ 2Sam 4:5 his noon-day siesta; 2Sam 17:28 read perhaps ׳עַרְשׂת מ couches for lying down Klo Bu HPS Now, compare ᵐ5.
  b. (from context) sexually: of woman יֹדַעַת (אִישׁ לְ) מִשְׁכַּב זָכָת Judg 21:11; Judg 21:12; Num 31:17; Num 31:35 (P); of man שׁכב מִשְׁכְּבֵי אִשָּׁה Lev 18:22; Lev 20:13 (+ אֶתזָֿכָר sodomy; H); ׳דֹּדִים מ Ezek 23:17.

BDB9948 H4904 H7901

BDB9947 | BIBLICAL ARAMAIC | BDB9949

שׁכב (√ of following; Biblical Hebrew שָׁכַב, מִשְׁכָּב).

bed, beds, lying, with, couch, …
miškāb
a bed (figuratively, a bier); abstractly, sleep; by euphemism, carnal intercourse
  • a lying down, couch, bier, act of lying
    • couch, bed
      • "act of lying, lying down or sleeping room, bedroom"lying down (for sexual contact)

מֹ֥ר
מֹ֥ר
Root word myrrh
Dictionary form: מֹר · more

Noun — Common, masculine singular, absolute state

In the KJV here: with myrrh
myrrh ×5 with myrrh ×3 of myrrh ×2 my myrrh ×1 smell of myrrh ×1
More options
myrrh — Standard modern term; universally recognized in botanical/religious contexts.
myrrh resin — Clarifies the physical form; useful in descriptive or scientific prose.
myrrh sap — Emphasizes the raw, harvested liquid; good for agricultural passages.
myrrh fragrance — Foregrounds the scent aspect; suits poetic or Song of Songs contexts.

BDB4832 H4753

BDB4831 | BIBLICAL HEBREW | BDB4833

מֹר, מוֺר noun masculineSong 5:5 myrrh (from bitter taste; Assyrian murru MeissnSuppl. 60; Arabic ; compare LagBN 40); — absolute מֹר Ps 45:9 + 5 t., מוֺר Song 4:6 + 3 t. Cant; construct מָרֿ Exod 30:23 suffix מוֺרִי Song 5:1 — myrrh (late), an Arabian gum, exuding from the bark of a tree, Balsamodendron Myrrha (see SigismundAromata 12 f. RiHWB under the word): — as flowing, i.e. fine, choice (carefully prepared by pressing and mixing, compare DiExod 30:23 RiHWB): מָרדְּֿרוֺר Exod 30:23 (see I. דְּרוֺר), ingredient of sacred oil; מוֺר עֹבֵר Song 5:5; Song 5:13 (as perfume); compare (as perfume) Song 1:13; Song 4:14; Song 5:1; Song 5:5 הַרהַֿמּוֺר Song 4:6, i.e. where it is gathered; as perfume also Ps 45:9; Prov 7:17, as incense מְקֻטֶּרֶת מֹר וּלְבֹנָה Song 3:6 שֶׁמֶן הַמּוֺר as unguent Esth 2:12.

myrrh
mōr
myrrh (as distilling in drops, and also as bitter)
  • myrrh
    • an Arabian gum from the bark of a tree, used in sacred oil and in perfume

אֲ֝הָלִ֗ים
אֲ֝הָלִ֗ים
Root word aloes
Dictionary form: אֲהָלִים · uh-haw-LEEM

Noun — Common, masculine plural, absolute state plural — usually add "-s"

In the KJV here: aloes
and aloes ×2 aloes ×1 as the trees of lign aloes ×1
More options
aloe tree — Clear modern form; distinguishes the tree from gel/plant.
eaglewood — Precise botanical term for the aromatic Aquilaria tree.
aloeswood — Emphasizes the fragrant wood; suits poetic/luxury contexts.
agarwood — Contemporary trade name; familiar to modern readers worldwide.
fragrant wood — Functional gloss when exotic tree name may confuse readers.

BDB161 H174

BDB160 | BIBLICAL HEBREW | BDB162

III. [אהל] noun [masculine] odorific tree, aloe (?) (? loan-word from Sanskrit aguru, agaru, dialect aghil, compare WilsonSkr. Dict.; M. Müller in PuseyDan 2d ed. p. 647 f; aloÎxylon agallochum (compare SigismundAromata, Leipz. 1884, p. 38 f, MV cite KondrackiBeitr. z. Kenntn. d. Aloe, Dorpat 1874 & BaerReden III, 293 f); others aloe succotrina (SchenkelBL, compare Di ad Num 24:6); Wetzst in DeSong 2d ed. 167 brings under I. אהל; he proposes cardamum, Arabic from = little tents, from three-cornered shape of capsules)

1. plural אֲהָלִים trees planted by ׳י Num 24:6 (|| ארזים perhaps error for אֵילִים compare Di.
2. aloes, as sweet-smelling; perfume for bed, אֲהָלִים Prov 7:17 (|| מֹר, קִנָּמוֺן); for garments אֲהָלוֺת Ps 45:9 (|| מֹר, קְצִיעוֺת); of bride, under figure of odorific tree Song 4:14 (|| מֹר, כָּלרָֿאשֵׁי בְשָׂמִים).

aloes
ʾăhālîm
aloe wood (i.e., sticks)
  • aloes, aloe tree
    • aloe tree
      • "aloe (perfume)

וְ קִנָּמֽוֹן
וְ
Prefix — connector and (sometimes: but, so, then)
קִנָּמֽוֹן
Root word cinnamon
Dictionary form: קִנָּמוֹן · kin-naw-MONE

Noun — Common, masculine singular, absolute state

In the KJV here: and cinnamon
and cinnamon ×2 cinnamon ×1
More options
cinnamon — Standard modern term; universally recognized spice name.
cinnamon spice — Clarifies culinary or trade context explicitly.
cinnamon bark — Emphasizes the raw, harvested form of the spice.
cinnamon plant — Use when referring to the botanical source, not the spice.

BDB7490 H7076

BDB7489 | BIBLICAL HEBREW | BDB7491

קִנָּמוֺן noun masculine cinnamon (probably foreign word, coming with the thing from remote East, compare M'Lean-ThDyerEncy Bib. under the word; compare with Malay kainamanis by RöThes. Add. 111, k¹yü m¹nIs LewyFremdw. 37, but only k¹yu, wood, given by ScottMal. Words in Eng. JAOS xviii, {1896,1897}; Greek κιννάμων from Hebrew (against Lag BN 199)); — fragment bark used as spice: absolute ׳ק Prov 7:17; Song 4:14 construct קִנְּמָןבֶּֿשֶׂם Exod 30:23(P) cinnamon of sweet odour. — See also Houghton-TrSmith D B under the word PostHastings DB under the word

cinnamon
qinnāmôn
cinnamon bark (as in upright rolls)
  • cinnamon
    • fragrant bark used as spice

This book is chanted to the poetic accent system (used only in Job, Psalms, and Proverbs). Each group below ends at one of its pausing accents — translate a group as one unit.
נַ֥פְתִּי מִשְׁכָּבִ֑י Atnach — the verse's main pause — take a breath here מֹ֥ר אֲ֝הָלִ֗ים Revia Mugrash — a lesser break וְקִנָּמֽוֹן Silluq — end of the verse

נַפְתִּי מִשְׁכָּבִי מֹר אֲהָלִים וְקִנָּמֽוֹן׃
17
I have perfumed my bed with myrrh, aloes, and cinnamon.
Cross References

Psalms 45:8

מֹר-וַאֲהָלוֹת קְצִיעוֹת כָּל-בִּגְדֹתֶיךָ מִֽן-הֵיכְלֵי שֵׁן מִנִּי שִׂמְּחֽוּךָ׃
8
All thy garments smell of myrrh, and aloes, and cassia, out of the ivory palaces, whereby they have made thee glad.

Isaiah 57:7

עַל הַר-גָּבֹהַּ וְנִשָּׂא שַׂמְתְּ מִשְׁכָּבֵךְ גַּם-שָׁם עָלִית לִזְבֹּחַ זָֽבַח׃
7
Upon a lofty and high mountain hast thou set thy bed: even thither wentest thou up to offer sacrifice.

Exodus 30:23

וְאַתָּה קַח-לְךָ בְּשָׂמִים רֹאשׁ מָר-דְּרוֹר חֲמֵשׁ מֵאוֹת וְקִנְּמָן-בֶּשֶׂם מַֽחֲצִיתוֹ חֲמִשִּׁים וּמָאתָיִם וּקְנֵה-בֹשֶׂם חֲמִשִּׁים וּמָאתָֽיִם׃
23
Take thou also unto thee principal spices, of pure myrrh five hundred shekels, and of sweet cinnamon half so much, even two hundred and fifty shekels, and of sweet calamus two hundred and fifty shekels,

Song of Solomon 4:13

שְׁלָחַיִךְ פַּרְדֵּס רִמּוֹנִים עִם פְּרִי מְגָדִים כְּפָרִים עִם-נְרָדִֽים׃
13
Thy plants are an orchard of pomegranates, with pleasant fruits; camphire, with spikenard,

Song of Solomon 3:6

מִי זֹאת עֹלָה מִן-הַמִּדְבָּר כְּתִֽימֲרוֹת עָשָׁן מְקֻטֶּרֶת מֹר וּלְבוֹנָה מִכֹּל אַבְקַת רוֹכֵֽל׃
6
Who is this that cometh out of the wilderness like pillars of smoke, perfumed with myrrh and frankincense, with all powders of the merchant?
Proverbs 7:16
Read Proverbs 7
Proverbs 7:18