Psalms 106:39

Thus were they defiled with their own works, and went a whoring with their own inventions.
Select a Hebrew word above to see its details.

וַ יִּטְמְא֥וּ
וַ
Prefix — connector and (sometimes: but, so, then)
יִּטְמְא֥וּ
Root word unclean, defiled, defile, polluted, pollute, …
Dictionary form: טָמֵא · taw-MAY

וַ
Vav-consecutive (wayyiqtol) The וַ prefix — vav with patach plus a doubling dagesh in the next letter — flips this verb into story-telling past: translate "and (he) ___ed", not "will ___".

Verb — Qal, Sequential Imperfect (Wayyiqtol), third person masculine plural simple action — "he did" story-telling past — try "and he ___ed" the built-in subject is "they"

In the KJV here: thus were they defiled
shall be unclean ×19 and be unclean ×18 shall pronounce him unclean ×7 defile ×5 defiled ×5 is defiled ×4 it shall be unclean ×4 be defiled ×3
More options
defile — Most versatile; suits ritual and moral contamination alike.
make unclean — Clearer causative rendering when the agent is explicit.
contaminate — Good for physical or priestly-purity contexts.
pollute — Stronger moral or cultic overtone; fits communal violations.
desecrate — Prefer when a sacred person, object, or space is violated.
be declared impure — Fits priestly pronouncement scenes; formal/legal register.

BDB3346 H2930

BDB3345 | BIBLICAL HEBREW | BDB3347

I. טָמֵא verb be or become unclean (Late Hebrew Pi`el pollute (ceremonially); Aramaic טְמָא and especially derivatives, Pa`el pollute; see RSK 307 ff.) —

Qal Perfect 3 masculine singular ׳ט Lev 11:25 + 22 t.; 3 feminine singular טָֽמְאָה Lev 12:2 + 2 t.; 2 feminine singular טָמֵאת Ezek 22:4 plural טָֽמְאוּ Lev 15:18 Imperfect יִטְמָא Lev 5:3 + 34 t.; 3 feminine singular תִּטְמָא Lev 12:2 + 4 t.; plural יִטְמְאוּ Ps 106:39 Infinitive טָמְאָה Lev 15:32 + 6 t.; — be or become unclean:
1. sexually, with בְּ Lev 18:20; Lev 18:23 (H), Ezek 23:17 the land Lev 18:25; Lev 18:27 (H).
2. religiously, with idols Ezek 22:3 with בְ vEzek 22:4 with necromancers Lev 19:31 (H); by sacrificing children to idols Ps 106:39.
3. ceremonially, by contact with carcasses of unclean animals Lev 11:24; Lev 11:27; Lev 11:28; Lev 11:31; Lev 11:32; Lev 11:33; Lev 11:34 (twice in verse); Lev 11:35; Lev 11:36; Lev 11:40 (P); any carcass Lev 17:15 (H); eating of a carcass Lev 22:8 (H); by issues Lev 15:4; Lev 15:9; Lev 15:20 (twice in verse); Lev 15:24; Lev 15:27; Lev 15:32 (P); by contact with an unclean man Lev 5:3; Lev 15:4 (P), Lev 22:5 (H), or thing Lev 22:6 (H); by leprosy Lev 13:14; Lev 13:46; Lev 14:36; Lev 14:46 (P); by contact with the dead Num 6:12; Num 19:20 (P), Ezek 44:25, or with one unclean by such contact Num 19:22 (P), Hag 2:13 (twice in verse); by contact with creeping things Lev 22:5 (H); certain animals were always unclean Lev 11:26; Lev 11:27 (P). In ordinary cases of uncleanness טמא עד הערב unclean till even Lev 11:24; Lev 11:25; Lev 11:27; Lev 11:28; Lev 11:31; Lev 11:32; Lev 11:39; Lev 11:40 (twice in verse); Lev 14:46; Lev 15:5; Lev 15:6; Lev 15:7; Lev 15:8; Lev 15:10 (twice in verse); Lev 15:11; Lev 15:16; Lev 15:17; Lev 15:18; Lev 15:19; Lev 15:21; Lev 15:22; Lev 15:23; Lev 15:27; Num 19:7; Num 19:8; Num 19:10; Num 19:21; Num 19:22 (all P), Lev 17:15; Lev 22:6 (H); but uncleanness lasted 7 days for woman bearings a son Lev 12:2 (twice in verse) (P), for lying with woman having an issue Lev 15:24 (P), or one coming in contact with the dead Num 19:11; Num 19:14; Num 19:16 (P); it lasted 14 days for a woman bearing a daughter Lev 12:5 (P). Niph`al Perfect 3 masculine singular נִטְמָא Hos 5:3; Hos 6:10 3 feminine singular נִטְמְאָה Num 5:27; Num 5:28 נִטְמָ֑אָה Num 5:13 + 5 t.; 1 singular נִטְמֵאתִי Jer 2:23 2 masculine plural נִטְמֵתֶם Lev 11:43 (א omitted by scribal error; but Ges and others derive from טמה), etc. + 4 t. perfect; Participle plural נִטְמְאִים Ezek 20:30; Ezek 20:31defile oneself, be defiled:
1. sexually, Lev 18:24 (H), Num 5:13; Num 5:14 (twice in verse); Num 5:20; Num 5:27; Num 5:28; Num 5:29 (P).
2. by idolatry conceived as whoredom Hos 5:3; Hos 6:10; Jer 2:23; Ezek 20:30; Ezek 20:31; Ezek 20:43; Ezek 23:7; Ezek 23:13; Ezek 23:30.
3. ceremonially, by eating creeping things Lev 11:43.
4. be regarded as unclean (compare Pi`el 4), probably נִטְמִינִוּ Job 18:3 we are accounted as unclean; metal. from; on another view see טמה. Pi`el Perfect טִמֵּא Gen 34:5 + 15 t.; suffix טִמְּאוֺ Lev 13:8 + 3 t.; 2 feminine singular טִמֵּאת Ezek 5:11, etc. + 7 t. Perfect; Imperfect יְטַמֵּא 2Kgs 23:8, etc. + 12 t. Imperfect; Imperative plural טַמְּאוּ Ezek 9:7 Infinitive טַמֵּא Lev 13:44 + 2 t.; suffix טַמְּאָם Lev 15:31, etc. + 4 t. Infinitive; — defile:
1. sexually Gen 34:5; Gen 34:13; Gen 34:27 (R), Ezek 18:6; Ezek 18:11; Ezek 18:15; Ezek 22:11; Ezek 33:26 the land by sexual impurities of the people Lev 18:28 (H); Israel by spiritual whoredom Ezek 23:17.
2. religiously: the land by bloodshed Num 35:34 (P); by allowing the dead body of the murderer to hang on the tree over night Deut 21:23 by idolatry Jer 2:7; Ezek 36:17; Ezek 36:18 Israel defiled the sacred places by the sacrifice of children Lev 20:3 (H), Ezek 23:38, and God defiled him thereby Ezek 20:26 he defileth the sacred places by idolatry 2Chr 36:14; Jer 7:30 = Jer 32:34, Ezek 5:11 the holy name of ׳י Ezek 43:7; Ezek 43:8 Josiah defiled the idolatrous places of worship by destroying them and making them unfit for use 2Kgs 23:8; 2Kgs 23:10; 2Kgs 23:13; 2Kgs 23:16 of Israel defiling idolatrous images Isa 30:22, and the nations the temple of God Ps 79:1.
3. ceremonially: by ceremonial uncleanness, the sacred places Lev 15:31; Num 19:13; Num 19:20 (P); the camp Num 5:3 (P); the temple by dead bodies Ezek 9:7 the Nazirite's head of separation by a death occurring in his presence Num 6:9 (P); the people defile themselves (נפשׁתיכם) by creeping things Lev 11:44 (P).
4. pronounce or declare ceremonially unclean: the leper Lev 13:3; Lev 13:8; Lev 13:11; Lev 13:15; Lev 13:20; Lev 13:22; Lev 13:25; Lev 13:27; Lev 13:30; Lev 13:44 (twice in verse); Lev 13:59 (P); unclean animals Lev 20:25 (H). Pu`al Participle נַפְשִׁי לֹא מְטֻמָּאָה Ezek 4:14 myself is not polluted. Hithpa`el Imperfect יִטַּמָּא Lev 21:1 + 4 t.; plural יִטַּמְּאוּ Ezek 14:11; Ezek 37:23 יִטַּמָּ֑אוּ Hos 9:4; Ezek 44:25, etc. + 6 t. Imperfect — reflexive, defile oneself: by eating of an unaccepted peace-offering Hos 9:4 with בְּ Lev 18:24; Lev 18:30 (H), Lev 11:43 (P), Ezek 14:11; Ezek 20:7; Ezek 20:18; Ezek 37:23 with לְ for a dead person Lev 21:1; Lev 21:3; Lev 21:11 (H), Num 6:7 (P); by Lev 11:24 (P); without preposition Lev 21:4 (H), Ezek 44:25. Hothpa`al Perfect אַחֲרֵי אֲשֶׁר חֻטַּמָּ֑אָה Deut 24:4 after that she has been defiled (sexually); on form see Ges«GKC:54»§ 54. 3.


BDB3349 H2930 H2932

BDB3348 | BIBLICAL HEBREW | BDB3350

טָמְאָה noun feminine uncleanness (טָֽמְאָה, Bear, seems to rest upon a misinterpretation of the form) Mic 2:10 (so Thes MV SS); of ethical uncleanness, from wrong-doing.

unclean, defiled, defile, polluted, pollute, …
ṭāmēʾ
to be foul, especially in a ceremial or moral sense (contaminated)
  • to be unclean, become unclean, become impure
    • (Qal) to be or become unclean
      • sexually
      • "religiously"ceremonially
      (Niphal)
      • to defile oneself, be defiled
        • sexually
        • "by idolatry"ceremonially
        to be regarded as unclean
      (Piel)
      • to defile
        • sexually
        • "religiously"ceremonially
        to pronounce unclean, declare unclean (ceremonially)"to profane (God's name)
      (Pual) to be defiled"(Hithpael) to be unclean"(Hothpael) to be defiled

בְ מַעֲשֵׂי הֶ֑ם
בְ
Prefix — preposition in, at, by, with
מַעֲשֵׂי
Root word work, works, acts, art, wrought, …
הֶ֑ם
Suffix — pronoun their / them
Dictionary form: מַעֲשֶׂה · ma-uh-SEH

Noun — Common, masculine plural, construct state plural — usually add "-s"; "___ of …" — bound to the next word

In the KJV here: with their own works
work ×37 the work ×31 the works ×18 his works ×9 and the work ×6 their works ×6 thy works ×6 according to the work ×5
More options
deed — Best for moral or narrative acts of a person.
action — Neutral; suits both human and divine activity.
act — Concise; good for singular, specific occurrences.
craft — Emphasizes skilled making or workmanship.
doing — Captures habitual or ongoing behavior patterns.
handiwork — Vivid for God's or an artisan's created products.

BDB6434 H4639

BDB6433 | BIBLICAL HEBREW | BDB6435

מַעֲשֶׂה233 noun masculineGen 20:9 deed, work; — absolute ׳מ Gen 44:15 +, construct מַעֲשֵׂה Isa 5:12 +; suffix מַעֲשֵׂהוּ Judg 13:12 +, etc.; plural מַעֲשִׂים Gen 20:9 +; construct מַעֲשֵׂי Jer 1:16 +; suffix מַעֲשָׂיו 1Sam 19:4 (or singular, so Dr) +, etc.; — often accusative of congnate meaning with verb with עשׂה; —

1. a. (1) deed, thing done by man Num 16:28 (JE), 1Kgs 13:11; Isa 26:121Sam 20:19 is obscure; (2) implicit evil Gen 44:15 (J), Exod 23:24 (E), Neh 6:14 + 8 t., + singular collective doing(s) Mic 6:16; Lev 18:3 (twice in verse) (H), 2Chr 17:4, יְדֵיהֶם ׳מ Lam 3:64; Hag 2:14; Job 33:17 (reading מִמַּעֲשֵׂהוּ ᵐ5 Di Siegf Bu), Ezek 16:30 (behaviour); explicit מַעֲשֵׂינוּ הָרָעִים Ezra 9:13 compare Eccl 4:3; Eccl 8:11; Eccl 8:14, מַעֲשֵׂיאָֿוֶן Isa 59:6 specifically of idolatrous practices, יְדֵיכֶם ׳מ singular Deut 31:29; Jer 25:6; Jer 25:7; Jer 32:30, plural Jer 44:8, compare singular 1Kgs 16:7; 2Kgs 22:17 = 2Chr 34:25 (3) implicit right, praiseworthy 1Sam 19:4; 2Kgs 23:19; Jonah 3:10; Prov 31:31 of duty in general אֲשֶׁר יַעֲשׂוּן ׳הַמּ Exod 18:20 (E) = what they are to do; explicit Eccl 4:4; Eccl 8:14 (4) as basis of judgment (good or bad) Isa 66:18; Ps 33:15; Ps 62:13; Eccl 12:14, יְדֵיהֶם ׳מ Jer 25:14.
  b. (1) work, labour, husbandry Exod 23:16 (E), Gen 5:29 (J), Judg 19:16, יְדֵיכֶם ׳מ Hag 2:17 enforced labour of Israel in Egypt Exod 5:5; Exod 5:13 (J); in general Exod 23:12 (E); also of product of labour Exod 23:16, compare Isa 65:22; Eccl 5:5 ׳שֵׁשֶׁת יְמֵי הַמּ Ezek 46:1 the six working-days; of religious work, ׳עֲבֹדַת בֵּית הָא ׳מ 1Chr 23:28, compare ׳מ 2Chr 31:21 (2) business, pursuit, Gen 46:33; Gen 47:3 (J), Judg 13:12; 1Sam 25:2; Isa 54:16 in general, occupation Isa 29:15; Eccl 2:4; Eccl 2:11; Eccl 3:17; Eccl 3:22; Eccl 8:9; Eccl 9:7; Eccl 9:10 (3) undertaking, enterprise Isa 19:14; Isa 19:15; Deut 15:10 יָדֶ֑ךָ ׳מ Deut 2:7 + 5 t. Deuteronomy; 2Chr 32:30; Job 1:10; Ps 28:4, יָדֵינוּ ׳מ Ps 90:17 (twice in verse). (4) achievement Jer 48:7; Esth 10:2 (5) in weakened sense, מַעֲשֶׂיךָ Prov 16:3 thine affairs; nearly = occurrences Eccl 1:14 (plural), Eccl 2:17; Eccl 8:17 (singular).
  c. deed(s), work(s) of ׳י, especially in deliverance and in judgment, Judg 2:7; Judg 2:10; Josh 24:31 (D), Ps 33:4 + 21 t., + יָדָיו ׳מ etc. Isa 5:12; Ps 28:5; Ps 92:5 + 4 t.; הָאֱלֹהִים ׳מ in general Eccl 7:13; Eccl 8:17; Eccl 11:5 compare Eccl 3:11.
2. a. (1) work, thing made, by man, אֹפֶה ׳מ Gen 40:17 (E) baker's work; יְדֵי יוֺצֵר ׳מ Lam 4:2 often of furnishings of tabernacle, חשֵׁב ׳מ Exod 26:1 + 7 t., רֹקֵם ׳מ Exod 26:36 + 5 t.,אֹרֵג ׳מ Exod 28:32 + 2 t., חָרָשׁ ׳מ Exod 28:11, compare יְדֵי אָמָּן ׳מ Song 7:2 of holy oil, etc, רֹקֵחַ ׳מ Exod 30:25 + 2 t. (insert רֹקֵחַ perhaps also 2Chr 16:14); hence ׳מ = work of art Isa 3:24 (of coiffure), compare ׳כְּלִי מ Num 31:51 followed by noun of material, pattern, etc., עִזִּים ׳מ vNum 31:20 (i.e. goats' hair), see also Exod 27:4; Exod 28:14 +; in temple, שְׂבָכָה ׳מ 1Kgs 7:17, ׳מ שׁוּשַׁן v1Kgs 7:19, etc.; צַעֲצֻעִים ׳מ 2Chr 3:10, compare הַחֲבִתִּים ׳מ 1Chr 9:31 the work of (consisting in) bread-wafers; = materials of (prepared for) הָעוֺלָה 2Chr 4:6 in theoph. לִבְנַת הַסַּפִּיר ׳מ Exod 24:10 (J); ׳מ of ships 2Chr 20:37 in general Isa 29:16; Ezek 27:16; Ezek 27:18 = thy manufactures, wares; מַעֲשַׂי Ps 45:2 = my verses (ποίημα, poem); (2) workmanship Ezek 1:16 (twice in verse) (Ezek 1:16 a strike out Co Toy) 1Kgs 7:8; Exod 28:8 + 11 t.; (3) יְדֵי אָדָם ׳מ of idols (contemptuously) Deut 4:28; 2Kgs 19:18 = Isa 37:19 = 2Chr 32:19; Ps 115:4; Ps 135:15, compare Isa 2:8 (יָדָיו ׳מ), Hos 14:4; Mic 5:12; Jer 1:16 so (יְדֵיׅ ׳מ חָרָשׁ Deut 27:15; Jer 10:3; Jer 10:9 compare Hos 13:2 חֲכָמִים ׳מ Jer 10:9 תַּעְתֻּעִים ׳מ vJer 10:15; Jer 51:18 apparently also מַעֲשֵׂהֶם Isa 41:29 compare Isa 57:12; Ezek 6:6 יָדָיו ׳מ of altars Isa 17:8.
  b. work (made by) God Exod 32:16 (E); especially (poetry and late), of created things, Ps 103:22; Ps 104:24 + 4 t. Psalms; אֶצְבְּעֹתֶיךָ ׳מ Ps 8:4, יָרֶיךָ ׳מ Ps 102:26 (both of heavens), compare Ps 19:2 (heavenly bodies), Ps 8:7 (animals); of man Job 14:15; Job 34:19, compare לָדַעַת כָּלאַֿנְשֵׁי מַעֲשֵׂהוּ Job 37:7 (but read probably אנשׁים ᵑ9 Ol Di and others); of nation Isa 19:25; Isa 60:21; Isa 64:7 of weights Prov 16:11 (but read perhaps הַמֶּלֶךְ) for ׳י Gr Toy).
  c. product of olive-tree, זַיִת ׳מ Hab 3:17 figurative product of righteousness Isa 32:17.

work, works, acts, art, wrought, …
maʿăśe
an action (good or bad); generally, a transaction; abstractly, activity; by implication, a product (specifically, a poem) or (generally) property
  • deed, work
    • deed, thing done, act
    • "work, labor"business, pursuit"undertaking, enterprise"achievement"deeds, works (of deliverance and judgment)"work, thing made"work (of God)"product

וַ ֝יִּזְ֗נוּ
וַ
Prefix — connector and (sometimes: but, so, then)
֝יִּזְ֗נוּ
Root word harlot, whoring, whoredom, whore, harlots, …
Dictionary form: זָנָה · dzaw-NAW

וַ
Vav-consecutive (wayyiqtol) The וַ prefix — vav with patach plus a doubling dagesh in the next letter — flips this verb into story-telling past: translate "and (he) ___ed", not "will ___".

Verb — Qal, Sequential Imperfect (Wayyiqtol), third person masculine plural simple action — "he did" story-telling past — try "and he ___ed" the built-in subject is "they"

In the KJV here: and went a whoring
and went a whoring ×3 hath played the harlot ×3 of an harlot ×3 and playedst the harlot ×2 as an harlot ×2 go a whoring ×2 play the harlot ×2 the harlot ×2
More options
prostitute — Most broadly useful noun form; clear and contemporary.
be sexually unfaithful — Prefer for covenantal or metaphorical infidelity contexts.
engage in prostitution — Explicit verbal phrase for literal, commercial sex work.
commit fornication — Retains theological register; suits prophetic or legal texts.
be promiscuous — Softer register; good for figurative or general moral contexts.
sell oneself sexually — Emphasizes transaction; strong, direct modern idiom.

BDB2407 H2181

BDB2406 | BIBLICAL HEBREW | BDB2408

זָנָה verb commit fornication, be a harlot (Arabic commit fornication, Aramaic , זנא; compare Ethiopic effusio seminis virilis, seman effusum, Di1055; on this and (compare by Ges and others) see PrätBAS i. 32, Anm.) —

Qal Perfect ׳ז Deut 31:16, זָָֽנְתָה Gen 38:34 + 3 t., etc.; Imperfect יִזְנֶ֯ה (Kt) Ezek 23:43 תִּזְנֶה Lev 19:29 + 4 t.; וַתִּ֫זֶן Jer 3:8; Ezek 23:5 תִּזְנִי Hos 3:3 וַתִּזְנִי Jer 3:6 (but read probably וַתִּזְנִי ׃וַתִּזֶן is not Aramaic form of 3 feminine singular, see i. 540 Kau§ 47 g b) Ezek 16:15 + 4 t.; וַתִּזְנִים Ezek 16:28 יִזְנוּ (Qr) Ezek 23:43 וַיִּזְנוּ Judg 8:27 + 4 t.; תִּזְנֶינָה Hos 4:13; Hos 4:14 וַתִּזְנֶינָה Ezek 23:3 Infinitive absolute זָנֹה Hos 1:2 construct לִזְנוֺת Lev 20:5 + 3 t.; לִזְנֹת Lev 20:6 suffix בִּזְנוֺתֵךְ Ezek 23:30 Participle זוֺנֶה Ps 73:27; Ezek 6:9 זֹנֶה Hos 4:15 plural זֹנִים Lev 17:7 + 3 t.; זוֺנָה Deut 23:19 + 25 t.; זֹנָה Lev 21:7 + 2 t.; זוֺנוֺת Prov 29:3 זֹנוֺת Hos 4:14 + 4 t. —
1. be or act as a harlot, absolute Gen 38:24 (J), Deut 22:21 (D), Lev 21:9 (H), Hos 4:13; Hos 4:14; Amos 7:17 זונה + (ה)אשׁה Josh 2:1; Josh 6:22 (J), Lev 21:7 (H), Judg 11:1; Judg 16:1; Prov 6:26; Jer 3:3; Ezek 16:30; Ezek 23:44 זוֺנָה Gen 34:31; Gen 38:15; Josh 6:17; Josh 6:25 (all J), Deut 23:19; Lev 21:14 (H), Prov 7:10; Prov 23:27; Isa 23:15; Isa 23:16; Joel 4:3; Mic 1:7 (twice in verse); Ezek 16:31 נָשִׁים זֹנוֺת 1Kgs 3:16 ז(ו)נות 1Kgs 22:38; Prov 29:3; Hos 3:3; Hos 4:14; Ezek 16:33 בית זונה Jer 5:7 commit fornication, man's act אל ׳ז Num 25:1 (J); of woman's act Judg 19:2 of land given to harlotry Lev 19:29.
2. figurative of improper intercourse with foreign nations (religious reference sometimes involved) את ׳ז Isa 23:17 אחרי Ezek 23:30 אל Ezek 16:26; Ezek 16:28 (twice in verse); תַזְנוּתיה ׳ז Ezek 23:43; Nah 3:4 וַתִּזֶן אָהֳלָה תַחְתָּ֑י and Ohola committed fornication (whilst) under me Ezek 23:5 (compare Num 5:19).
3. of intercourse with other deities, considered as harlotry, sometimes involving actual prostitution, אחרי ׳ז Exod 34:15; Exod 34:16; Deut 31:16 (all J), Lev 17:7; Lev 20:5 (twice in verse) (all H), Judg 2:17; Judg 8:27; Judg 8:33; 1Chr 5:25; Ezek 6:9; Ezek 20:30 after אֹבֹת, etc. Lev 20:6 (H), one's own heart & eyes Num 15:39 (H); especially of Israel, Judah, and Jerusalem under figure of lewd woman Ezek 16:15 (absolute) vEzek 16:16 (על במית), vEzek 16:17 (בְ ׳ז), Ezek 23:3 (twice in verse); Ezek 23:19 (absolute), Jer 3:1 (with accusative); vJer 3:6 vJer 3:8 (absolute); absolute elsewhere Hos 2:7; Hos 4:15; Ps 106:39 as leaving ׳י, followed by מֵעַל Hos 9:1 מאחרי Hos 1:2 (twice in verse); מתחת Hos 4:12 followed by מן alone Ps 73:27 ז(ו)נה Jer 2:20; Ezek 16:35; Ezek 16:41 בית זונה Jer 5:7 לִבָּם הַזּוֺנֶה their whorish heart Ezek 6:9.
4. זונה of moral defection Isa 1:21. Pu`al Perfect 3 masculine singular אַהֲרַיִךְ לֹא זוּנָּה fornication was not done (in going) after thee Ezek 16:34 (but strike out Co). Hiph`il Perfect 2 masculine singular הִזְנֵיתָ Hos 5:3 3 plural חִזְנוּ Hos 4:10; Hos 4:18; Exod 34:16 Imperfect וַיֶּ֫זֶן 2Chr 21:11 וַתַּזְנֶה 2Chr 21:13 Infinitive absolute הַזְנֵה Hos 4:18 construct הַזְנוֺת 2Chr 21:13 suffix לְהַזְנוֺתָהּ Lev 19:29.
1. cause to commit fornication:
  a. sexual Lev 19:29 (H).
  b. religious Exod 34:16 (J), 2Chr 21:11; 2Chr 21:13 (twice in verse).
2. commit fornication:
  a. sexual Hos 4:10.
  b. religious Hos 4:18 (twice in verse); Hos 5:3.

harlot, whoring, whoredom, whore, harlots, …
zānâ
to commit adultery (usually of the female, and less often of simple fornication, rarely of involuntary ravishment); figuratively, to commit idolatry (the Jewish people being regarded as the spouse of Jehovah)
  • to commit fornication, be a harlot, play the harlot
    • (Qal)
      • to be a harlot, act as a harlot, commit fornication
      • "to commit adultery"to be a cult prostitute"to be unfaithful (to God) (figuratively)
      (Pual) to play the harlot"(Hiphil)
      • to cause to commit adultery
      • "to force into prostitution"to commit fornication

בְּ מַֽעַלְלֵי הֶֽם
בְּ
Prefix — preposition in, at, by, with
מַֽעַלְלֵי
Root word doings, works, inventions, endeavours
הֶֽם
Suffix — pronoun their / them
Dictionary form: מַעֲלָל · ma-uh-LAWL

Noun — Common, masculine plural, construct state plural — usually add "-s"; "___ of …" — bound to the next word

In the KJV here: with their own inventions
of your doings ×7 and your doings ×5 of their doings ×5 of his doings ×2 the works ×2 according to his doings ×1 and according to our doings ×1 and their doings ×1
More options
deed — Broadest fit; works in singular or plural contexts.
action — Neutral, modern; good for ethical or legal contexts.
conduct — Collective sense; emphasizes ongoing behavior pattern.
practice — Highlights habitual or repeated behavior.
scheme — Carries negative connotation; fits morally charged passages.
exploit — Suggests bold or notorious acts; use for dramatic contexts.

BDB6098 H4611

BDB6097 | BIBLICAL HEBREW | BDB6099

[מַעֲלָל]41 noun masculineNeh 9:35 deed, practice; — only plural מַעֲלָלִים 1Sam 25:3 construct מַעַלְלֵי Ps 77:12; Ps 78:1 suffix מַעֲלָלֶיךָ Deut 28:20, מַעֲלָלָיו Hos 4:9 +, מַעַלְלֵיכֶם Isa 1:16 +, מַעַלְלֵיהֶם Isa 3:10 +, etc.; —

1. usually (especially Jer 17 t.) bad practices of men, רַע מַעֲלָלִים 1Sam 25:3 he was evil in his practices; Judg 2:19 (|| דֶּרֶךְ), Hos 5:5; Hos 7:2; Isa 3:8; Jer 11:18; Ps 106:29; Ps 106:39 (|| מַעֲשֵׂיהֶם); הָרָעִים ׳מ Neh 9:35 ׳רֹעַ מ the evil of your (their, etc.) practices Hos 9:15; Isa 1:16; Jer 4:4; Jer 21:12 (suffix 3 masculine plural Kt, 2 masculine plural Qr), +; הָרָעִים ׳מ Zech 1:4 Qr (+ הָרָעִים ׳ד; Kt מעליליהם), אֲשֶׁר לֹא טוֺבִים ׳מ Ezek 36:31 (+ id.); ׳הֵרֵעוּ מ Mic 3:4 ׳פְּרִי מ, i.e. their consequences, Isa 3:10; Jer 17:10; Jer 21:14; Jer 32:19 (+ דֶּרֶךְ).
2. deeds of ׳י Ps 77:12, of אֵל Ps 78:7 compare Mic 2:7.
3. acts, in general, of youth Prov 20:11 (|| פָּעֳלוֺ).


BDB6099 H4611

BDB6098 | BIBLICAL HEBREW | BDB6100

[מעליל], מעליליהם Zech 1:4 Kt, see foregoing

1.

doings, works, inventions, endeavours
maʿălāl
an act (good or bad)
  • deed, practice
    • practice (usually bad)
    • "deeds"acts

This book is chanted to the poetic accent system (used only in Job, Psalms, and Proverbs). Each group below ends at one of its pausing accents — translate a group as one unit.
וַיִּטְמְא֥וּ בְמַעֲשֵׂיהֶ֑ם Atnach — the verse's main pause — take a breath here וַ֝יִּזְ֗נוּ Revia Mugrash — a lesser break בְּמַֽעַלְלֵיהֶֽם Silluq — end of the verse

וַיִּטְמְאוּ בְמַעֲשֵׂיהֶם וַיִּזְנוּ בְּמַֽעַלְלֵיהֶֽם׃
39
Thus were they defiled with their own works, and went a whoring with their own inventions.
Cross References

Ezekiel 20:18

וָאֹמַר אֶל-בְּנֵיהֶם בַּמִּדְבָּר בְּחוּקֵּי אֲבֽוֹתֵיכֶם אַל-תֵּלֵכוּ וְאֶת-מִשְׁפְּטֵיהֶם אַל-תִּשְׁמֹרוּ וּבְגִלּוּלֵיהֶם אַל-תִּטַּמָּֽאוּ׃
18
But I said unto their children in the wilderness, Walk ye not in the statutes of your fathers, neither observe their judgments, nor defile yourselves with their idols:

Numbers 15:39

וְהָיָה לָכֶם לְצִיצִת וּרְאִיתֶם אֹתוֹ וּזְכַרְתֶּם אֶת-כָּל-מִצְוֹת יְהוָה וַֽעֲשִׂיתֶם אֹתָם וְלֹֽא-תָתוּרוּ אַֽחֲרֵי לְבַבְכֶם וְאַֽחֲרֵי עֵֽינֵיכֶם אֲשֶׁר-אַתֶּם זֹנִים אַֽחֲרֵיהֶֽם׃
39
And it shall be unto you for a fringe, that ye may look upon it, and remember all the commandments of the LORD, and do them; and that ye seek not after your own heart and your own eyes, after which ye use to go a whoring:

Leviticus 17:7

וְלֹֽא-יִזְבְּחוּ עוֹד אֶת-זִבְחֵיהֶם לַשְּׂעִירִם אֲשֶׁר הֵם זֹנִים אַֽחֲרֵיהֶם חֻקַּת עוֹלָם תִּֽהְיֶה-זֹּאת לָהֶם לְדֹֽרֹתָֽם׃
7
And they shall no more offer their sacrifices unto devils, after whom they have gone a whoring. This shall be a statute for ever unto them throughout their generations.

Isaiah 24:5

וְהָאָרֶץ חָנְפָה תַּחַת יֹשְׁבֶיהָ כִּֽי-עָבְרוּ תוֹרֹת חָלְפוּ חֹק הֵפֵרוּ בְּרִית עוֹלָֽם׃
5
The earth also is defiled under the inhabitants thereof; because they have transgressed the laws, changed the ordinance, broken the everlasting covenant.

Hosea 9:1

אַל-תִּשְׂמַח יִשְׂרָאֵל׀ אֶל-גִּיל כָּֽעַמִּים כִּי זָנִיתָ מֵעַל אֱלֹהֶיךָ אָהַבְתָּ אֶתְנָן עַל כָּל-גָּרְנוֹת דָּגָֽן׃
1
Rejoice not, O Israel, for joy, as other people: for thou hast gone a whoring from thy God, thou hast loved a reward upon every cornfloor.

Isaiah 59:3

כִּי כַפֵּיכֶם נְגֹאֲלוּ בַדָּם וְאֶצְבְּעוֹתֵיכֶם בֶּֽעָוֹן שִׂפְתֽוֹתֵיכֶם דִּבְּרוּ-שֶׁקֶר לְשׁוֹנְכֶם עַוְלָה תֶהְגֶּֽה׃
3
For your hands are defiled with blood, and your fingers with iniquity; your lips have spoken lies, your tongue hath muttered perverseness.

Ezekiel 20:43

וּזְכַרְתֶּם-שָׁם אֶת-דַּרְכֵיכֶם וְאֵת כָּל-עֲלִילוֹתֵיכֶם אֲשֶׁר נִטְמֵאתֶם בָּם וּנְקֹֽטֹתֶם בִּפְנֵיכֶם בְּכָל-רָעוֹתֵיכֶם אֲשֶׁר עֲשִׂיתֶֽם׃
43
And there shall ye remember your ways, and all your doings, wherein ye have been defiled; and ye shall lothe yourselves in your own sight for all your evils that ye have committed.

Ezekiel 20:30

לָכֵן אֱמֹר׀ אֶל-בֵּית יִשְׂרָאֵל כֹּה אָמַר אֲדֹנָי יְהוִה הַבְּדֶרֶךְ אֲבֽוֹתֵיכֶם אַתֶּם נִטְמְאִים וְאַחֲרֵי שִׁקּוּצֵיהֶם אַתֶּם זֹנִֽים׃
30
Wherefore say unto the house of Israel, Thus saith the Lord GOD; Are ye polluted after the manner of your fathers? and commit ye whoredom after their abominations?

Revelation 17:1

Καὶ ἦλθεν εἷς ἐκ τῶν ἑπτὰ ἀγγέλων τῶν ἐχόντων τὰς ἑπτὰ φιάλας καὶ ἐλάλησεν μετ' ἐμοῦ λέγων μοι Δεῦρο δείξω σοι τὸ κρίμα τῆς πόρνης τῆς μεγάλης τῆς καθημένης ἐπὶ τῶν ὑδάτων τῶν πολλῶν
1
And there came one of the seven angels which had the seven vials, and talked with me, saying unto me, Come hither; I will shew unto thee the judgment of the great whore that sitteth upon many waters:

Jeremiah 3:6

וַיֹּאמֶר יְהוָה אֵלַי בִּימֵי יֹאשִׁיָּהוּ הַמֶּלֶךְ הֲֽרָאִיתָ אֲשֶׁר עָשְׂתָה מְשֻׁבָה יִשְׂרָאֵל הֹלְכָה הִיא עַל-כָּל-הַר גָּבֹהַּ וְאֶל-תַּחַת כָּל-עֵץ רַעֲנָן וַתִּזְנִי-שָֽׁם׃
6
The LORD said also unto me in the days of Josiah the king, Hast thou seen that which backsliding Israel hath done? she is gone up upon every high mountain and under every green tree, and there hath played the harlot.

Jeremiah 3:1

לֵאמֹר הֵן יְשַׁלַּח אִישׁ אֶת-אִשְׁתּוֹ וְהָלְכָה מֵאִתּוֹ וְהָיְתָה לְאִישׁ-אַחֵר הֲיָשׁוּב אֵלֶיהָ עוֹד הֲלוֹא חָנוֹף תֶּחֱנַף הָאָרֶץ הַהִיא וְאַתְּ זָנִית רֵעִים רַבִּים וְשׁוֹב אֵלַי נְאֻם-יְהוָֹֽה׃
1
They say, If a man put away his wife, and she go from him, and become another man's, shall he return unto her again? shall not that land be greatly polluted? but thou hast played the harlot with many lovers; yet return again to me, saith the LORD.

Ezekiel 23:3

וַתִּזְנֶינָה בְמִצְרַיִם בִּנְעוּרֵיהֶן זָנוּ שָׁמָּה מֹעֲכוּ שְׁדֵיהֶן וְשָׁם עִשּׂוּ דַּדֵּי בְּתוּלֵיהֶֽן׃
3
And they committed whoredoms in Egypt; they committed whoredoms in their youth: there were their breasts pressed, and there they bruised the teats of their virginity.

Ezekiel 16:15

וַתִּבְטְחִי בְיָפְיֵךְ וַתִּזְנִי עַל-שְׁמֵךְ וַתִּשְׁפְּכִי אֶת-תַּזְנוּתַיִךְ עַל-כָּל-עוֹבֵר לוֹ-יֶֽהִי׃
15
But thou didst trust in thine own beauty, and playedst the harlot because of thy renown, and pouredst out thy fornications on every one that passed by; his it was.

Leviticus 20:5

וְשַׂמְתִּי אֲנִי אֶת-פָּנַי בָּאִישׁ הַהוּא וּבְמִשְׁפַּחְתּוֹ וְהִכְרַתִּי אֹתוֹ וְאֵת׀ כָּל-הַזֹּנִים אַֽחֲרָיו לִזְנוֹת אַֽחֲרֵי הַמֹּלֶךְ מִקֶּרֶב עַמָּֽם׃
5
Then I will set my face against that man, and against his family, and will cut him off, and all that go a whoring after him, to commit whoredom with Molech, from among their people.

Exodus 34:16

וְלָֽקַחְתָּ מִבְּנֹתָיו לְבָנֶיךָ וְזָנוּ בְנֹתָיו אַֽחֲרֵי אֱלֹהֵיהֶן וְהִזְנוּ אֶת-בָּנֶיךָ אַֽחֲרֵי אֱלֹֽהֵיהֶֽן׃
16
And thou take of their daughters unto thy sons, and their daughters go a whoring after their gods, and make thy sons go a whoring after their gods.