BDB4295 H3820
BDB4294 | BIBLICAL HEBREW | BDB4296
לֵב599 noun masculine Prov 23:15 ( feminine Prov 12:25, from influence of נֶפֶשׁ see De Now) inner man, mind will, heart, absolute and construct לֵב Gen 8:21 + 239 t.; לֶבֿ Exod 15:8 + 15 t.; suffix לִבִּי Gen 24:45 + 102 t.; לִבְּךָ Exod 9:14 + 28 t.; לִבֶּ֑ךָ Judg 19:6 + 25 t.; לִבֵּךְ Isa 47:7 + 7 t.; לִבּוֺ Gen 6:5 + 93 t.; לִבָּהּ Judg 19:3 + 7 t.; לִ בֵּנוּ Isa 41:22 + 5 t.; לִבְּכֶם Gen 8:5 + 2 t.; לִבָּם Gen 42:28 + 56 t.; לִבָּן Exod 35:26 לִבְּהֶן Ezek 13:17 plural לִבּוֺת Ps 7:10; Prov 15:11 + 3 t. Proverbs; suffix לִבֹּתָם Isa 44:18 לִבּוֺתָם Ps 125:4. — inner part midst: I. seldom of things, בְּלֶביָֿם in the midst of the sea Exod 15:8; Prov 23:34; Prov 30:19 בְּלֵב יַמִּים Ps 46:3; Ezek 27:4; Ezek 27:25; Ezek 27:26; Ezek 27:27; Ezek 28:2; Ezek 28:8 בלב האלה 2Sam 18:14 בְּלֵב אֹיְבֵי in the midst of the enemies of Ps 45:2 (see BrMP on the passage; AV RV and others in the heart of). II. elsewhere of men: 3. specific reference to
mind: a. מִלֵּב of
one's own mind Num 16:28;
Num 24:13 (
JE)
1Kgs 12:33;
Neh 6:8;
Ezek 13:2;
Ezek 13:17 חֲסַר לֵב destitute of mind Prov 6:32;
Prov 7:7;
Prov 9:4;
Prov 9:16;
Prov 10:13;
Prov 10:21;
Prov 11:12;
Prov 12:11;
Prov 15:21;
Prov 17:18;
Prov 24:30 לִבּוֺ חָסֵר Eccl 10:3 אֵין לֵב Jer 5:21;
Hos 7:11 לב אין Prov 17:16 קנה לב get a mind Prov 15:32;
Prov 19:8 כֹּחַ לב power of mind Job 36:5 רֹחַב לב breadth of mind 1Kgs 5:9,
גנב לב 2Sam 15:6;
Gen 31:20 (E? see
לבב 3 a).
b. knowledge, with
ידע Deut 29:3;
Prov 14:10;
Prov 22:17;
Eccl 1:17;
Eccl 7:22;
Eccl 7:25;
Eccl 8:5;
Eccl 8:16;
Jer 24:7 ראה Ps 66:18;
Eccl 1:16 חָכַם לב mind is wise Prov 23:15 לֵב חָכָם wise mind 1Kgs 3:12;
Prov 16:23;
Eccl 8:5 חֲכַם לֵב Exod 31:6;
Exod 35:10;
Exod 36:1;
Exod 36:2;
Exod 36:8 (
P)
Prov 10:8;
Prov 11:29;
Prov 16:21 חַכְמֵי לֵב Exod 28:3 (
P)
Job 37:24 חכמת לב Exod 35:25;
Exod 35:35 (
P);
לב חכמים Eccl 7:4;
Eccl 10:2 לב כסילים Prov 12:23;
Prov 15:7;
Eccl 7:4;
Eccl 10:2 with
חכמה Exod 36:2 (
P)
1Kgs 10:24 (=
2Chr 9:23)
Prov 2:10;
Prov 17:16;
Eccl 2:3 לֵב נָבוֺן intelligent mind Prov 14:33;
Prov 15:14;
Prov 18:15 with
הבין Prov 8:5 תְּבוּנָה Prov 2:2 שָׂ֑כֶל Job 17:4 etc.
c. thinking, reflection, with
חשׁב Ps 140:3;
Prov 16:9 מחשׁבות Gen 6:5 (
J)
Ps 33:11;
Prov 6:18;
Prov 19:21 compare
Gen 8:21 (
J);
הגה muse, study Prov 15:28;
Prov 24:2;
Isa 33:18;
Isa 59:13 הגיון Ps 19:15 הָגוּת Ps 49:4 שׂם לב set the mind, consider Isa 41:22;
Ezek 44:5, with
לְ 1Sam 9:20;
2Sam 13:20;
Ezek 40:4;
Ezek 44:5 אֶל Exod 9:21 (
J)
1Sam 24:25;
2Sam 18:3 (twice in verse);
Job 2:3;
Job 34:14 עַל Job 1:8 שׁת לב Ps 62:10;
Prov 22:17;
Prov 24:32, with
לְ Exod 7:23 (
JE)
1Sam 4:20;
Ps 48:14;
Prov 27:23;
Jer 31:21,
אֶל Job 7:17.
d. memory השׁיב אל לב call to mind Isa 44:19;
Lam 3:21 על לב Isa 46:8 עלה על לב come into mind (occur to one)
Isa 65:17;
Jer 3:16;
Jer 7:31;
Jer 19:5;
Jer 32:35 (compare
Acts 7:23), so
בא על לב 2Chr 7:11 שׂם על לב lay to heart Isa 42:25;
Isa 47:7;
Isa 57:1;
Isa 57:11;
Jer 12:11;
Mal 2:2 (twice in verse);
Dan 1:8 אל לב 2Sam 13:33;
2Sam 19:20 כתב על לב Jer 31:33 קשׁר על לב Prov 6:21 לוּחַ לֵב tablet of the memory Prov 3:3;
Prov 7:3;
Jer 17:1 נִשְׁכַּחְתִּי כְּמֵת מִלֵּב I am forgotten as a dead man out of mind Ps 31:13.
5. specific reference to
conscience,
וַיַּךְ לֵב דָּוִד אֹתוֺ and David's heart (conscience) smote him 1Sam 24:6 מִכְשׁוֺל לֵב offence of conscience 1Sam 25:31.
8. as
seat of appetites,
סְעַד לב stay the heart (with bread)
Gen 18:5 (
J)
Judg 19:5.
10. seat of courage:
יַאֲמֵץ לִבֶּ֑ךָ let thine heart take courage Ps 27:14 אַמִּיץ לִבּוֺ Amos 2:16 אַבִּירֵי לֵב stout-hearted Ps 76:6;
Isa 46:12 לִבּוֺ יָצוּק כְּמוֺאֶֿבֶן his heart as firm as a stone Job 41:16 לִבוֺ כְּלֵב הָאַרְיֵה his heart as the heart of the lion 2Sam 17:10.
BDB4296 H3826 H3820
BDB4295 | BIBLICAL HEBREW | BDB4297
[לִבָּה] suffix לִבָּתֵךְ Ezek 16:30 should be corrected to לִבְרִיתֵךְ (see Co). > older view, as feminine of לֵבּ.
BDB7797 H7307 H5315 H3824 H1320 H3820
BDB7796 | BIBLICAL HEBREW | BDB7798
רוּחַ378 noun feminineGen 41:8 (less often masculineExod 10:13 +) breath, wind, spirit; — absolute ׳ר Gen 8:1 +, ר֑וּחָה Jer 52:23 construct רוּחַ Gen 6:17 +; suffix רוּחִי vGen 6:3 +, רוּחֲךָ Ps 104:30 +, etc.; plural רוּחוֺת vPs 104:4 +, רֻחוֺת Jer 49:36, רוּחֹת Num 16:22; Num 26:16 (see Brרוח in O.T., JBL xix (1900), 132 ff., full statement of all passages); — 2. wind (117 t.):
a. wind of heaven:
Gen 8:1 (
P)
Exod 15:10 (
E)
Num 11:31 (
J)
1Kgs 18:45 +,
Jer 10:13, thence
Jer 51:16;
Ps 135:7 ׳רוּחַ י Hos 13:15;
Isa 40:7, compare
Job 26:13 (
Di Bu);
רוּחַ (ה)קָדִים east wind Exod 10:13 (twice in verse);
Exod 14:21 (
J)
Ps 48:8;
Jer 18:17;
Ezek 17:10;
Ezek 19:12;
Ezek 27:26;
Jonah 4:8 צָפוֺן ׳ר north wind Prov 25:23 יָם ׳ר sea wind (west wind)
Exod 10:19 (
J); .
הַיּוֺם ׳ר day wind, evening wind
Gen 3:8 (
J; compare
Song 2:17;
Song 4:6);
אַרְבַּע רוּחוֺת four winds Jer 49:36;
Ezek 37:9 (quarters?)
Dan 8:8;
Dan 11:4 (figurative quarters; compare
b),
Zech 2:10;
Zech 6:5 רוּחַ סְעְרָה storm wind Ps 107:25;
Ps 148:8;
Ezek 1:4 (
סְעָרוֺת ׳ר),
Ezek 13:11;
Ezek 13:13 רוּחַ סֹעָה rushing wind Ps 55:9 (read possibly
סערה Hup);
בַּעְיָם רוּחוֺ Isa 11:15 (read
׳בְּעֹצֶם ר, see
עֲיָם,
עֹצֶם), etc; wind personified:
כַּנְפֵי רוּחַ 2Sam 22:11 =
Ps 18:11;
Ps 104:3, compare
Hos 4:19;
Ps 104:4.
b. quarter (of wind),
side: רוּחַ הַקָּדִים Ezek 42:16 east side;
רוּחַ הַצָּפוֺן v
Ezek 42:17 north side;
רוּחַ הַדָּרוֺם v
Ezek 42:18 south side;
רוּחַ הַיָּם v
Ezek 42:19 west side;
אַרְבַּע רוּחוֺת v
Ezek 42:20;
1Chr 9:24 four sides;
ר֑וּחָה Jer 52:23 on the sides.
c. breath of air: שָׁאֲפוּ רוּחַ כַּתַּנִּים Jer 14:6 רוּחַ לֹא יָבֹא בֵּינֵיהֶם Job 41:8.
d. air, gas, from womb (dubious):
כְּמוֺ יָלַדְנוּ רוּחַ Isa 26:18 (
Di,
e);
רוּחֲכֶם אֵשׁ תֹּאכַלְכֶם (
RV breath)
Isa 33:11 (
Du,
3 c).
e. vain, empty thing: רוּחַיָּי֑ Job 7:7 my life is wind;
דַּעַת רוּחַ Job 15:2 רוּחַ וָתֹהוּ נִסְכֵּיהֶם Isa 41:29 רְעוּת רוּחַ striving for wind Eccl 1:14;
Eccl 2:11;
Eccl 2:17;
Eccl 2:26;
Eccl 4:4;
Eccl 4:6;
Eccl 6:9 compare
Eccl 1:17;
Eccl 4:16;
Eccl 5:15.
3. spirit, as that which breathes quickly
in animation or agitation = temper, disposition (76 t.; so, distinctively, as compared with
נֶפֶשׁ and
לֵבָב):
a. spirit, animation, vivacity, vigour: לֹא הָיָה בָהּ עוֺד רוּחַ 1Kgs 10:5 =
2Chr 9:4 מַהזֶּֿה רוּחֲךָ סָרָה 1Kgs 21:5 וַתְּחִי רוּחַ Gen 45:27 (
E);
וַתָּשָׁב רוּחוֺ Judg 15:19;
1Sam 30:12.
b. courage: ׳לֹא הָיָה בָם עוֺד ר Josh 5:1 נְגִידִים ׳יִבְצֹר ר Ps 76:13 מִצְרַיִם ׳וְנָָֽבְקָה ר Isa 19:3 תתעטּף רוּחִי Ps 77:4;
Ps 142:4;
Ps 143:4 לֹא קָמָה ׳עוֺד ר Josh 2:11 אִישׁ יְכַלְכֵּל מַחֲלֵהוּ ׳ר Prov 18:14.
c. temper, especially
anger: ׳רוּחַ רָעָה בֵּין וגו Judg 9:23 אָז רָֽפְתָה רוּחָם Judg 8:3 משֵׁל בְּרוּחוֺ Prov 16:32, compare
Prov 25:28;
Prov 29:11;
Job 15:13 הֵנִיחוּ אֶתרֿוּחִי Zech 6:8;
Eccl 7:9;
Eccl 10:4.
d. impatience or
patience: קֹצֶר רוּחַ Exod 6:9 (
P)
impatience, hastiness of temper, compare (of
׳י)
Mic 2:7 קְצַררֿוּחַ Prov 14:29 (||
אֶרֶךְ אַפַיִם);
הֱצִיקַתְנִי רוּחַ בִּטְנִי Job 32:18 (
Du breath;
Di Bu divine spirit, compare v
Job 32:8);
אִם מַדּוּעַ לֹאתִֿקְצַר רוּחִי Job 21:4 ׳הֲקָצַר רוּחַ י Mic 2:7 ׳אֶרֶךְ ר Eccl 7:8.
e. spirit, disposition, as troubled, bitter, or discontented;
וַתִּפָּעֶם רוּח(וׅ (
his)
spirit was troubled Gen 41:8 (
E)
Dan 2:3, compare v
Dan 2:1 מֹרַת רוּחַ Gen 26:35 (
P)
bitterness of spirit;
׳עֲצוּבַת ר Isa 54:6, compare
Ezek 3:14;
Job 6:4.
feminine as crushed: וְכִהֲתָה כָלרֿוּחַ Ezek 21:12, compare Isa 61:3; Prov 15:4; Prov 15:13; Prov 17:22; Prov 18:14; Ps 143:7.
g. disposition of various kinds, often unaccountable and uncontrollable impulse: הֵעִיר אֶתרֿוּחַ 1Chr 5:26 (twice in verse); 2Chr 21:16; 2Chr 36:22; Ezra 1:1; Ezra 1:5; Jer 51:11; Hag 1:14 (3 t. in verse); הִנְנִי נ(וֺ)תֵן בּוֺ רוּח2Kgs 19:7 = Isa 37:7; Num 14:24 (J; see עִם 4 b), Mal 2:15 (twice in verse); Mal 2:16; Deut 2:30 רוּחַ קִנְאָה jealous disposition Num 5:14 (twice in verse); Num 5:30 (P); רוּחַ וְנוּנִים Hos 4:12; Hos 5:4 רוּחַ עִוְעִיםIsa 19:14 רוּחַ מִשְׁפָּט Isa 28:6 אִישׁ אֲשֶׁר רוּחַ אֱלהִֹרם בּוֺ (administrative) Gen 41:38 (E); קַר רוּחַ אִישׁ הְּבוּנָה Prov 17:27.
h. prophetic spirit: יְהוֺשֻׁעַ אִישׁ אֲשֶׁרֿ רוּחַ בּזֹNum 27:18 (P; or g, as Gen 41:38); רוּחַ אֵלִיָּהוּ עַלאֱֿלִישָׁע2Kgs 2:15, compare v2Kgs 2:9 רוּחַ תַּרְדֵמָה spirit of deep sleep (ecstatic, compare Gen 2:21; Gen 15:12, but Di and others g, as Isa 19:14) Isa 29:10; Mic 2:11 רוּחַ הַטֻמְאָה Zech 13:2 (of lying prophets), compare Ezek 13:3. 5. spirit as seat of emotion =
נֶפֶשׁ:
a. desire (possibly
3 g),
Isa 26:9 (||
נֶפֶשׁ).
b. sorrow, trouble (probably
3 e),
Job 7:11 (||
נֶפֶשׁ). —
1Sam 1:15 see
קָשֶׁה.
9. spirit of God (94 t.; not
D or Jeremiah or any Deuteronomic writer; conception of its activity in inspiring prophecy probably discredited from abuse by false prophets, see
נביא,
נבא):
a. as inspiring ecstatic state of prophecy,
Num 11:17;
Num 11:25 (twice in verse);
Num 11:26;
Num 11:29 (
J),
1Sam 10:6;
1Sam 10:10 (compare v
1Sam 10:5),
1Sam 19:20;
1Sam 19:23 as inciting to deeds of frenzy, in the ecstatic state; hence conceived as
אֱלֹהִים רָעָה ׳ר 1Sam 16:15 (twice in verse);
1Sam 16:16, =
׳רָעָה מֵאֵת י ׳ר v
1Sam 16:14 =
רָעָה ׳א ׳צלח ר 1Sam 18:10 (other narrative) =
רָעָה ׳י ׳ר 1Sam 19:9 ׳א ׳ר 1Sam 16:23 =
רוּחַ הָרָעָה v
1Sam 16:23, compare
הָרוּחַ 1Kgs 22:21 =
שֶׁקֶר ׳ר v
1Kgs 22:22 v
1Kgs 22:23 =
2Chr 18:20;
2Chr 18:21;
2Chr 18:22 =
׳רוּחַ י 1Kgs 22:24 =
2Chr 18:23 compare also (in earlier prophets)
אִישׁ הָרוּחַ, i.e. one possessed by the spirit in the ecstatic state, ||
הַנָּבִּיא Hos 9:7 ׳רוּחַ י Mic 3:8 (||
בֹּחַ) is probably gloss (
We Now);
וְלֹא רוּחִי Isa 30:1 רוּחַ dealing with Ezek.:
Ezek 2:2;
Ezek 3:12;
Ezek 3:14;
Ezek 3:24;
Ezek 8:3;
Ezek 11:1;
Ezek 11:5;
Ezek 11:24 (
Co gloss),
Ezek 37:1;
Ezek 43:5 (all implying ecstatic state of vision), compare Elijah
1Kgs 18:12;
2Kgs 2:16.
b. spirit as impelling prophets to utter instruction or warning (higher and later conception): transition probably
Num 24:2;
2Sam 23:2;
1Chr 12:18 elsewhere in Chronicles:
2Chr 15:1;
2Chr 20:14;
2Chr 24:20 distinctly in
Isa2,
Isa 48:16, compare
Isa 61:1 so of ancient prophets,
Zech 7:12;
Neh 9:30 compare, of future prophetic gift,
Joel 3:1;
Joel 3:2.
c. imparting warlike energy, and executive and administrative power: (1) to
שֹׁפְטִים,
מוֺשִׁיעִים,
מְלָכִים, of ancient Israel:
וַתְּהִי רוּחַ על ׳י Judg 3:10;
Judg 11:29, compare
Judg 6:34;
Judg 13:25;
Judg 14:6;
Judg 14:19;
Judg 15:14;
1Sam 11:6;
1Sam 16:13;
1Sam 16:14 so also
עַד יֵעָרֶה עָלֵינוּ רוּחַ מִמָּרוֺם Isa 32:15 (2) resting upon Messianic king:
Isa 11:2 (3 t. in verse); upon servant of
׳י,
Isa 42:1.
d. late, as endowing men with various gifts: technical skill
Exod 31:3;
Exod 35:31 (
P); understanding
Job 32:8 (||
נִשְׁמַת שַׁדַּי); poured out by divine wisdom
Prov 1:23.
e. as energy of life:
רוּחַ אֱלֹהִים מְרַחֶפֶת עַלפְּֿנֵי הַמָּ֑יִם Gen 1:2 (
P);
רוּחַ אֵל עָשָׂ֑תְנִי Job 33:4 (||
נִשְׁמַת שַׁדַּי); as vital power, opposed to
בָשָׂר:
Isa 31:3 in cherubic chariot:
Ezek 1:12, compare v
Ezek 1:20 v
Ezek 1:21;
Ezek 10:17 reviving Israel
Ezek 39:29;
Zech 12:10;
Isa 44:3.
feminine = ancient angel of the presence and later Shekina:
קָדְשׁוֺ ׳ר Isa 63:10;
Isa 63:11 =
׳י ׳ר v
Isa 63:14 (=
מַלְאַךְ פָּנָיו v
Isa 63:9), compare
Ps 106:33 so also
קָדְשְׁךָ ׳ר Ps 51:13 (in national prayer), compare
Neh 9:20;
Ps 143:10 prophets of restoration conceive of the divine spirit as standing in their midst and about to fulfil all divine promises:
רוּחִי עֹמֶדֶת בְּתוֺכֲכֶם Hag 2:5;
Zech 4:6 this conception culminates in
רוּחַ = divine Presence, and as such omnipresent,
Ps 139:7 (||
פָּנֶיךָ; compare v
Ps 139:8).
BDB9636 H3820 H3821
BDB9635 | BIBLICAL ARAMAIC | BDB9637
[לֵב] noun [masculine] id. (Biblical Hebrew id.; so ᵑ7 Syriac; Egyptian Aramaic, Lzb301 = Cooke76 A 6); — suffix לִבִּי Dan 7:28.