Psalms 135:10

שֶֽׁ֭הִכָּה גּוֹיִ֣ם רַבִּ֑ים וְ֝הָרַ֗ג מְלָכִ֥ים עֲצוּמִֽים
Who smote great nations, and slew mighty kings;
Select a Hebrew word above to see its details.

שֶֽׁ֭ הִכָּה
שֶֽׁ֭
Prefix — relative who, which, that
הִכָּה
Root word smote, smite, slew, smitten, slain, …
Dictionary form: נָכָה · naw-KAW

Verb — Hiphil, Perfect (Qatal), third person masculine singular causative — "he made (someone) do" completed action — try "he ___ed" or "he has ___ed" the built-in subject is "he (or it)"

In the KJV here: who smote
and smote ×52 smote ×52 smite ×23 slew ×22 and he smote ×14 and they smote ×13 and slew ×12 and smite ×12
More options
strike — Broad, everyday term; suits most physical-blow contexts.
slay — Prefer for lethal intent; slightly elevated but not archaic.
beat — Use when repeated blows or punishment are in view.
kill — Plain and direct; best when death is the clear outcome.
wound — Use when the victim survives but is injured.
slaughter — Mass or violent killing; strong register, war or sacrifice.

BDB5192 H5221

BDB5191 | BIBLICAL HEBREW | BDB5193

[נָכָה]501 verb smite (not in Qal) (Late Hebrew Hiph`il id.; Perfect 3 plural הכו SI4, Infinitive [ת]להכ ib. 2; Syriac , laesit, nocuit, repugnavit; Aph`el laesit, vulneravit; Ethiopic laesit, nocuit; compare Arabic be defeated, the inflicting of injury on an enemy Lane3038); —

Niph`al Perfect וְנִכָּה וָמֵת consecutive 2Sam 11:15 and he shall be smitten [struck by weapon in battle] and die.

Pu`al Perfect 3 feminine singular נֻכָּ֑תָה Exod 9:31 3 plural נֻכּוּ vExod 9:32 (J), both be smitten down by the hail.

Hiph`il482 Perfect 3 masculine singular הִכָּה Exod 9:25 +; suffix וְהִכַּ֫נִי consecutive Gen 32:12, הִכָּם Jer 5:6 2 masculine singular הִכִּ֫יתָ Exod 17:5 +; 1 singular הִכֵּיתִי Judg 15:16 +, וְהִכֵּתִ֫י Exod 3:20 +; 3 plural הִכּוּ Gen 19:11 +; 2 masculine plural הִכִּיתֶם Jer 37:10 + 3 t. consecutive; etc.; Imperfect 3 masculine singular יַכֶּה Exod 21:20 +, יַךְ Hos 6:1 (but read וַיַּךְ We Now GASm); וְיַח Hos 14:6 (see below); וַיַּכֶּה Josh 10:40 +, usually וַיַּךְ Exod 2:12 +; suffix 2 masculine singular יַכֶּ֫כָּה Jer 40:15 + 2 t., 3 masculine singular וַיַּכּוֺ 2Sam 14:6 (but read וַיַּךְ ᵐ5. ᵑ6 ᵑ9 Th We Dr Klo Kit Bu HPS), יַכֶּ֫נּוּ 1Sam 17:25 + 2 t.; usually וַיַּכֵּ֫הוּ Num 21:24 +; 3 feminine singular וַתַּךְ Jonah 4:7; Jonah 4:8 2 masculine singular תַּכֶּה Exod 2:13 +; suffix 3 masculine singular תַּכֶּ֫נּוּ Prov 23:13; Prov 23:14 1 singular אַכֶּה 1Sam 18:11 +; וָאַכֶּה Neh 13:25, וָאַךְ Exod 9:15 3 masculine plural יַכוּ Mic 4:14 usually וַיַּכּוּ Gen 14:5 + (1Sam 4:2 read probably Hoph`al q. v.); 1 plural נַכֶּהֿ Num 22:6 וַנַךְ Deut 2:33, etc.; Imperative הַכֵּה Ezek 6:11, הַךְ Amos 9:1 +; masculine plural הַכּוּ 2Sam 13:28, etc.; Infinitive absolute הַכֵּה Deut 3:16 +, הַכּוֺת 2Kgs 3:24 (Ges«GKC:75ff»§ 75ff); cstr. הַכּוֺת Gen 4:15 +, etc.; Participle מַכֶּה Exod 2:11 +; construct מַכֵּה Exod 21:12 +; plural מַכִּים 1Sam 4:8 +, etc.; —

1. a. literally, smite (with a single, non-fatal, blow), strike, followed by accusative, ass Num 22:23; Num 22:25; Num 22:27 (בְּמַקֵּל), vNum 22:28 vNum 22:32 (all J); man Exod 21:15; Exod 21:19 (E); cheeks Job 16:10 man (on) cheek (2 accusative) Lam 3:30; Ps 3:8 man עַללְֿחִי Mic 4:14 (ב instrumental), 1Kgs 22:24 = 2Chr 18:23 eye Exod 21:26 (E); שֵׁבֶט מַכֵּךְ Isa 14:29 (figurative of conqueror); with (בׅ stone or fist Exod 21:18 (E), compare (figurative) Isa 58:4 (absolute); smite lion or bear 1Sam 17:35 strike river (with rod מַטֶּה) 1Sam 7:17 (with עַל object, + ב instrumental), v1Sam 7:20; Exod 17:5 (E; ב instrumental), also (with mantle) 2Kgs 2:8; 2Kgs 2:14 (twice in verse), compare ׳י smiting Euphrates into (לׅ seven streams Isa 11:15 dust Exod 8:12; Exod 8:13 (P); rock Exod 17:6 (E), Num 20:11 (P; ב instrumental), Ps 78:20 figurative smite earth בְּשֵׁבֶט פִּיו Isa 11:4 (of future Davidic king); strike on ground (אַ֫רְצָה; with arrows) 2Kgs 13:18, also (absolute) v2Kgs 13:18 v2Kgs 13:19 strike weapons out of (מִן) hands, Ezek 39:3 (׳י; figurative of making powerless); lintel of door Amos 9:1 barley-loaf strikes tent Judg 7:13 (in dream); in figure of regret, remorse וַיַּךְ לֵב דָּוִד אֹתוֺ 2Sam 24:10 and David's heart smote him, so 1Sam 24:6 (+ עַלאֲֿשֶׁר because); of goat smiting (butting with horn) the ram, so as to break its horns Dan 8:7 (in vision); smite = hit with missile, sling-stone 1Sam 17:49 (with accusative of person + אֶלמִֿצְחוֺ), compare 2Kgs 3:25 (but text perhaps corrupt, see Benz); arrow, 1Kgs 22:34 = 2Chr 18:33 (with accusative of person + בֵּין), 2Kgs 9:24 (c. id.); of piercing, הַכּוֺת בַּחֲנִית בְּדָוִד וּבַקִּיר 1Sam 19:10 smite with the dart into David and into the wall, pin David to the wall, בַּקִּיר ׳וַיַּךְ אֶתהַֿח v1Sam 19:10, compare 1Sam 18:11, אַכֶּנּוּ בַחֲנִית וּבָאָרֶץ 1Sam 26:8.
  b. smite repeatedly, beat, a man Exod 2:11; Exod 2:13 (E), Exod 5:16 (J), Neh 13:25 (מִן partitive), compare Deut 25:11 here probably also 1Kgs 20:35 (twice in verse); 1Kgs 20:37 (twice in verse) (הַכֵּה וּפָצֹעַ beating and bruising him); of Assyria under figure of taskmaster Isa 10:24 beat a woman so as to bruise her (פָּצַע) Song 5:7 beat by authority, scourge Jer 20:2; Jer 37:15; Deut 25:2; Deut 25:3 (with accusative of person + accusative of congnate meaning with verb מַכָּה רַבָּה), vDeut 25:3 compare כִּן הַכּוֺת vDeut 25:2 i.e. worthy of scourging, bastinado, (compare Dr); 2Chr 25:16; Prov 17:10; Prov 19:25; Prov 23:13; Prov 23:14 (ב instrumental); compare גֵּוִי נָחַתִּי לְמַכִּים Isa 50:6 of hail, beat down herbage etc. Exod 9:25 (twice in verse) (compare Pu`al).
  c. וַיַּכּוּ כַף 2Kgs 11:12 and they clapped hands (in applause); elsewhere only Ezek., in mockery; כַּף אֶלכַּֿף Ezek 21:19; Ezek 21:22 בְּכַפְּךָ Ezek 6:11 (|| רְקַּע בְּרַגְלְךָ; accusative כַּפִּי Ezek 22:13.
  d. give a thrust (with fork) into (ב) pot 1Sam 2:14 strike roots Hos 14:6 (in figurative, but וַיֵּלְכוּ We Now).
  e. rarely smite (in battle) so as (merely) to wound 1Kgs 8:28, so (+ accusative of congnate meaning with verb מַכָּה) v1Kgs 8:29; 1Kgs 9:18 = 2Chr 22:6 figurative of ׳י's wounding Israel Hos 6:1 (opposed to חָבַשׁ bind up), Jer 30:14 (with accusative of congnate meaning with verb). compare smite with (ב) the tongue Jer 18:18. feminine smite, of sun, etc., with accusative of person Isa 49:10; Ps 121:6 with עַל Jonah 4:8.

2. Smite fatally:
  a. (subject man) smite, with accusative, + word of killing (dying): — object lion and bear 1Sam 17:35 man Exod 21:12; Exod 21:20 (E), Josh 10:26 (JE), Josh 11:17 (D), 1Sam 17:50; 2Sam 1:15; 2Sam 2:31 (מִן partitive + ב among), 2Sam 4:7; 2Sam 14:6; 2Sam 18:15; 2Sam 21:17; 1Kgs 16:10; 2Kgs 12:22; 2Kgs 15:30; 2Kgs 25:21 = Jer 52:27; 2Kgs 25:25; Jer 41:2; Num 35:16; Num 35:17; Num 35:18; Num 35:21 (P; all with ב instrumental); with accusative + אֶלחֹֿמֶשׁ + ב instrumental 2Sam 2:23 smote him (fatally) in the belly with (on text see HPS), 2Sam 20:10, compare 2Sam 3:27; 2Sam 4:6 (but strike out ᵐ5 Ew Th We Dr Bu HPS); וְהִכָּהוּ נֶפֶשׁ Deut 19:11 and he smite him in his life (mortally), and he die, compare (without word of dying) vDeut 19:6; Gen 37:21 (J), Jer 40:14; Jer 40:15 [otherwise Lev 24:17; Lev 24:18; Lev 35:15; Lev 35:30; Josh 20:3; Josh 20:9]; with prolepsis לְהַכּוֺת חֲלָלִים smite the slain Judg 20:31; Judg 20:39 + אַ֫רְצָה smite to the ground i.e. kill 2Sam 2:22; 2Sam 18:11.
  b. smite, of worm gnawing or boring so as to kill plant Jonah 4:7.
  c. very often = kill, slay, man or beast (c. 150 t.): Gen 4:15; Gen 8:21 (exterminate; both J), Exod 2:12; Num 21:35 (E), Josh 7:5 (מִן partitive), vJosh 7:5 (JE), Deut 19:6; Deut 21:1; Deut 27:24; Deut 27:25; Josh 11:10 (ב instrumental; all D), Lev 24:17; Lev 24:18; Lev 24:21 (twice in verse) (H), Num 35:11; Num 35:15; Num 35:21; Num 35:24; Num 35:30; Josh 9:18; Josh 20:3; Josh 20:9 (all P), Judg 15:16; 1Sam 17:9 (twice in verse); 1Sam 17:36; 2Sam 12:9 (ב instrumental), 2Kgs 9:7 (exterminate), etc.; with ב among 1Sam 23:5, מִן partitive Judg 14:19; Judg 20:45 with ב partitive slay at, work slaughter among 2Sam 23:10 (insert also in || 1Chr 11:13 see Beon the passage Dr2Sam 23:10), but also ב of direct object 1Sam 18:7; 1Sam 21:12; 1Sam 29:5 subject lion 1Kgs 20:36 (twice in verse) compare Jer 5:6 (figurative of judgment); ׳י subject 1Sam 6:19b (ב among, + accusative of congnate meaning with verb; 1Sam 6:19 a וַיַּךְ corrupt see ᵐ5 Th We Dr Kl Kit Bu HPS); slay firstborn Exod 12:2 (J), vExod 12:29; Num 3:13; Num 8:17; Num 33:4 (all P), Ps 78:51; Ps 105:36; Ps 135:8 God slays for (עַל) sin 2Sam 6:7 = 1Chr 13:10 (עַלאֲֿשֶׁר); slay לְפִיחֶֿרֶב Deut 13:16; Deut 20:13; (all D), Judg 18:27; Judg 21:10; 1Sam 22:9; 2Kgs 10:25; Jer 21:7; Job 1:15; Job 1:17 kill, slay, with accusative of congnate meaning with verb (מַכָּה) 1Sam 14:14; 1Kgs 20:21 (ב among), 2Chr 13:17 (בָּהֶם), 2Chr 25:13 (מֵהֶם); with accusative of person + accusative of congnate meaning with verb Josh 10:20 (JE), Esth 9:5, etc.; kill unwittingly, unintentionally הִכָּה בִבְלִי דַ֫עַת Deut 19:4; Josh 20:5 (both D).

3. Smite = attack, attack and destroy a company Gen 32:9; Gen 32:12; Gen 34:30; Josh 8:21; Judg 8:11; Judg 9:43; 2Kgs 8:21; 2Chr 21:9 attack and capture a city Judg 1:8 vJudg 1:12 = Josh 15:16 (JE), Josh 7:3; Josh 10:4 (JE), 1Sam 30:1; 1Kgs 15:20 = 2Chr 16:4; 2Kgs 15:16 (twice in verse); 1Chr 20:1; 2Chr 14:13; Jer 47:1 tents 1Chr 4:41; 2Chr 14:14 = sack a city לְפִיחֶֿרֶב (slaying inhabitants), Josh 8:24; Josh 19:47 (both J E), Josh 10:28; Josh 10:30; Josh 10:32; Josh 10:35; Josh 10:37 compare vJosh 10:39 (all D), Judg 1:25; Judg 20:37; 2Sam 15:14 especially defeat king or army (involving often overthrow, pursuit and slaughter), — approximately 95 t., — Gen 14:5; Gen 14:15; Gen 14:17; Num 14:45; Num 21:24 (JE), Josh 8:12; Josh 10:10 (+ accusative of congnate meaning with verb), vJosh 10:10 (עַד location), Josh 11:8 (twice in verse) (all J E), Deut 1:4; Deut 2:33; Deut 3:3; Deut 4:46; Deut 7:2; Deut 29:6; Josh 10:33; Josh 10:40 (מִןו֯עד location), Josh 12:1; Josh 12:6; Josh 12:12; Josh 13:12 (all D); Judg 1:5; Judg 1:17; 1Sam 11:11 (עד temporal), 1Kgs 13:17 (עַדכַּֿלֵּה), 2Kgs 3:24a + v2Kgs 3:24b (where read וַיָּבֹאוּ בוֺא וְהַכּוֺת and they went on defeating), Isa 10:20; Jer 37:10, etc.; insert וַיַּךְ or הִכָּה in 2Sam 8:13 Th Ke Kit Bu compare Dr, after ᵐ5; with ב object 1Sam 14:31; 1Sam 23:2 (twice in verse) (ה locative — מִן); + לְפִי חֶרֶב Judg 20:48, etc.; of gods causing defeat 2Chr 28:23 smite land = conquer, subjugate, sometimes ravage, Gen 14:7; Josh 10:40 (D), 1Sam 27:9; Jer 43:11; Jer 46:13, compare Isa 14:6 (accusative of congnate meaning with verb); subject ׳י Num 32:4 (P); of ׳י smiting sea וְהִכָּה בַיָּם גַּלִּים Zech 10:11 (BevJPhoenician xviii. 35 (1889), 88 proposes גבלים).

4. Of God,
  a. smite with (ב) a plague, disease, etc.: — blindness Gen 19:11 (J), 2Kgs 6:18 (twice in verse) compare Zech 12:4 (twice in verse) (symbolic); of Egyptian plagues Exod 3:20; Exod 9:15 (both J), 1Sam 4:8, without ב Exod 7:25 (J), Exod 12:13 (P), Ps 136:10 (accusative + בִּבְכוֺרֵיהֶם); other plagues Num 14:12 (JE), Deut 28:22; Deut 28:27; Deut 28:28; Deut 28:35; 1Sam 5:6; 2Sam 24:17; Job 2:7; Amos 4:9; Hag 2:17; Mal 3:24 without ב, 1Sam 5:9; 2Kgs 19:35 = Isa 37:26; Num 11:33 (J E; בָּעָם + accusative of congnate meaning with verb); smite vines with (ב) blight Ps 105:33.
  b. smite = chastise, or send judgment upon, usually with accusative, 1Kgs 14:15; 1Chr 21:7; Isa 5:25; Isa 9:12; Isa 27:7 (הַכְּמַכַּת מַכֵּהוּ הִכָּהוּ), Isa 30:31 (ב instrumental) Isa 57:17; Isa 60:10 (opposed to רִחַם) Jer 2:30; Jer 5:3; Jer 14:9; Ezek 32:15 (ᵐ5 Co זֵרָה scatter); with עִל punish for, (sin) Lev 26:24 (H).
  c. of God's destroying palaces Amos 3:15; Amos 6:11 (2 accusative), compare Zech 9:4.

Hoph`al Perfect הֻכָּה Hos 9:16; Num 25:14, הוּכָּה Ps 102:5 וְהֻכָּה consecutive Exod 22:1 3 feminine singular הֻכְּתָה Ezek 33:21; Ezek 40:1 1 singular הֻכֵּ֫יתִי Zech 13:6 3 pluralהֻכּוּ 1Sam 5:12 Imperfect 3 masculine plural וַיֻּכּוּ Exod 5:14 2 masculine plural תֻּכּוּ Isa 1:5 Participle מֻכֶּה Num 25:14, construct מֻכֵּה Isa 53:4 feminine מֻכָּה Num 25:15; Num 25:18 plural מֻכִּים Exod 5:16, construct מֻכֵּיֿ Jer 18:21 — be smitten:

1. = receive a blow Isa 1:5 (Judah under figure of man).
2. be wounded Zech 13:6.
3. be beaten Exod 5:14; Exod 5:16 (J).
4. be (fatally) smitten + verb of dying Exod 22:1 (E); be killed, slain Num 25:14 (twice in verse); Num 25:15; Num 25:18 (with עַל, for), מֻכֵּיחֶֿרֶב Jer 18:21 (|| הֲרֻגֵי מָ֑וֶת); so also (absolute) probably 1Sam 4:2 (read וַיֻּכּוּ ᵐ5 ᵑ6 ᵑ9 Th Dr Klo Kit, for ᵑ0 וַיַּכּוּ).
5. be attacked and captured, of city Ezek 33:21; Ezek 40:1.
6. be smitten with disease (by God) 1Sam 5:12 absolute, of ׳י's servant Isa 53:4.
7. be blighted, of plant (in figurative) Hos 9:16 (Ehpraimitic source), Ps 102:5 (heart, כָּעֵשֶׂב; both + יָבַשׁ).

smote, smite, slew, smitten, slain, …
nākâ
to strike (lightly or severely, literally or figuratively)
  • to strike, smite, hit, beat, slay, kill
    • (Niphal) to be stricken or smitten
      • "(Pual) to be stricken or smitten"(Hiphil)
      • to smite, strike, beat, scourge, clap, applaud, give a thrust
        • "to smite, kill, slay (man or beast)"to smite, attack, attack and destroy, conquer, subjugate, ravage"to smite, chastise, send judgment upon, punish, destroy
      (Hophal) to be smitten
      • to receive a blow
        • "to be wounded"to be beaten"to be (fatally) smitten, be killed, be slain"to be attacked and captured"to be smitten (with disease)"to be blighted (of plants)

גּוֹיִ֣ם
גּוֹיִ֣ם
Root word nations, heathen, nation, gentiles, people, …
Dictionary form: גּוֹי · ɡoy

Noun — Common, masculine plural, absolute state plural — usually add "-s"

In the KJV here: nations
nations ×93 the nations ×67 nation ×47 the heathen ×43 of the heathen ×35 among the heathen ×32 of the nations ×29 a nation ×25
More options
nation — Most general; fits political or ethnic groupings broadly.
people — Emphasizes collective identity; good for poetic contexts.
Gentile — Use when contrasting non-Israelites with Israel specifically.
foreign nation — Highlights otherness; useful in prophetic or legal texts.
ethnic group — Modern academic tone; suits sociological or descriptive passages.
pagan — Carries religious outsider nuance; use cautiously, context-dependent.

BDB1551 H1471

BDB1550 | BIBLICAL HEBREW | BDB1552

גּוֺי561 noun masculineGen 12:2 nation, people (Late Hebrew id. Gentiles, Phoenician גו community, , Sabean גו id., DHMZMG 1883, 348) — ׳ג Gen 12:2 + 121 t.; suffix 1 singular גּוֺיִ Zeph 2:9, גּוֺיֶ֑ךָ Ps 106:5, גּוֺיֵךְ Kt Ezek 36:13; Ezek 36:14; Ezek 36:15 (Qr wrongly גּוֺיַיִךְ compare Co, who strike out vEzek 36:15); plural גּוֺיִם Gen 10:5 + 410 t. + Qr Gen 25:23; Ps 79:10 (Kt גיים) + 6 t. Ezekiel (variant reading emended Co); construct גּוֺיֵי Gen 18:18 + 8 t., גּוֺיֵ 2Chr 32:13; Ezra 6:21 (compare Baer's notes); suffix גּוֺיֵהֶם Gen 10:5; Gen 10:20; Gen 10:31; Gen 10:32 —

1. nation, people Gen 10:5 (twice in verse); Gen 10:20; Gen 10:31; Gen 10:32 (twice in verse) (all P) +; Isa 2:2; Isa 2:4 (twice in verse) = Mic 4:2; Mic 4:3 (twice in verse); Job 12:23 (twice in verse); Job 34:29 ; Prov 14:34 כֹּל גּוֺיֵי הָאָרֶץ Gen 18:18; Gen 22:18; Gen 26:4 (all J); Deut 28:1.
  a. specifically of descendants of Abraham, גּוֺי גָּדוֺל Gen 12:2 compare Gen 18:18 (both J), גּוֺיִם Gen 17:6, הֲמוֺן גּוֺיִם Gen 17:4; Gen 17:15 (all P); of Sarah גּוֺיִם Gen 17:16 (P); of Ishmael גּוֺי Gen 21:13, גָּוֺי גָּדוֺל vGen 21:18 (both E), גּוֺי גָּדוֺל Gen 17:20 (P); of Jacob גּוֺי וּקְהַל גּוֺיִם Gen 35:11 (P), גּוֺי גָּדוֺל Gen 46:3 (E); of Ephraim ׳מְלֹא הַגּ Gen 48:19 (J); of Moses גּוֺי גָּדוֺל Exod 32:10 (J) compare Num 14:12 (J) Deut 9:14 of Jacob and Esau as two nations Gen 25:23 (J).
  b. definitely of Israel Exod 19:6 (קָדוֺשׁ ׳גּ) Exod 33:13 (both J E), Deut 4:6 (הַגּוֺי הַגָּדוֺל הַזֶּה, said by heathen compare vDeut 4:7 vDeut 4:8) see also vDeut 4:34, Deut 26:5 compare Ps 33:12; Ps 83:5 (said by enemies) Jer 31:36; Jer 33:24; Ezek 37:22 in narrative Josh 3:17; Josh 4:1; Josh 5:8 (JE), vJosh 5:6 (D), Josh 10:13 (in poetry, no article); of Israel and Judah as two nations Ezek 35:10 (said by heathen) Ezek 37:22 of Judah Isa 26:2; Isa 26:15 (twice in verse); compare Isa 58:2; Isa 60:22; Mic 4:7 once my people Zeph 2:9 (|| עַם); thy people Ps 106:5 (i.e. of ׳י), compare also Ezek 36:13; Ezek 36:14 (read Kt); especially of Israel and (or) Judah as sinful, rebellious Deut 32:28; Judg 2:20; Isa 1:4; Isa 10:6; Jer 5:9; Jer 5:29; Jer 7:28; Jer 9:8; Jer 12:17; (strike out ᵐ5 Co) Hag 2:14; Mal 3:9. — Note. This definite reference to Israel and (or) Judah is comparatively rare; in Hexateuch not P (yet see Gen 17:4; Gen 17:5; Gen 17:6; Gen 17:16; Gen 35:11 P); seldom in exile & post-exile prophets; not Chronicles —
  c. usually of non-Hebrew peoples Exod 9:24; Exod 34:10 (JE) Lev 25:44 (H) Num 14:15 (J) Deut 15:6 (twice in verse); 1Kgs 5:11; 1Chr 14:17; 1Chr 16:20; Isa 11:10; Isa 11:12 + often; opposed to Israel as ׳עם י 2Sam 7:23; 1Chr 17:21 (twice in verse) etc., see עם, compare also Num 23:9 note especially גְּלִיל הַגּוֺיִם Isa 8:23 circle or district of the nations (see גָּלִיל); also ׳חֲרשֶׁת הַגּ Judg 4:2; Judg 4:13; Judg 4:16 Charosheth of the nations, & מֶלֶךְ גּוֺיִם לְגִלְגָּ֖ל Josh 12:23 king of nations (peoples, tribes) belonging to Gilgal (ᵐ5 Di to the district, i.e 'Galilee'); especially of these peoples as heathen: idolatrous Lev 8:24; Lev 8:28 (P) Lev 20:23 (H) 1Kgs 14:24; 2Kgs 17:8; 2Kgs 17:11; 2Kgs 17:15; 2Kgs 17:26; 2Kgs 17:29 (twice in verse); 2Chr 28:3; 2Chr 32:13 +, Ezra 6:21; Ezek 5:6 +; hostile Gen 15:14 (J) Lev 26:33; Lev 26:38; Lev 26:45 (H) Deut 4:27; Deut 9:4; Deut 9:5; Deut 18:9; 1Chr 16:35; Jer 5:15; Ezek 4:13 + often Jeremiah Ezekiel, etc.; in simile Ezek 20:32; Ezek 25:8 sometimes || עַם Ps 33:10; Ps 33:12; Isa 11:10; Jer 6:18, see also Isa 2:2; Isa 2:4 compare with Mic 4:1; Mic 4:3.
2. figurative of swarm of locusts Joel 1:6 of all species of beasts Zeph 2:14.
3. גּוֺיִם Gen 14:1; Gen 14:9 probably mutilated proper name see below

BDB1554 H1471

BDB1553 | BIBLICAL HEBREW | BDB1555

גּוֺיִם proper name, of a people Gen 14:1; Gen 14:9, in phrase תִּדְעָל מֶלֶךְ גּוֺיִם Tid`al king of Goim; probably a Babylonian (Elamitic, etc.) name corrupted; H. Rawlinson proposes Gutî a people northeast of Babylonia COT on Gen 14:1 also KGF258 and elsewhere; compare also DlPa 233 f.

גול see גיל.

BDB3195 H2800 H1471

BDB3194 | BIBLICAL HEBREW | BDB3196

II. חֲר֫שֶׁת proper name, of a location only in combination ׳ח הַגּוֺיִם, „arosheth of the nations (see גּוֺי), Judg 4:2; Judg 4:13; Judg 4:16 perhaps modern el-„arit¾îye, on right bank of lower Kishon, see ThomsonLand and Book; Central Palestine, 1883, 215 ff. BdPal 241 Be Bla CookeHist. Deb. 3 GASmGeog. 393.

חֲרָשִׁים see חָרָשׁ and גַּיְא; also II. חֶרֶשׁ. above &

nations, heathen, nation, gentiles, people, …
gôy
a foreign nation; hence, a Gentile; also (figuratively) a troop of animals, or a flight of locusts
  • (n m) nation, people
    • nation, people
      • usually of non-Hebrew people
        • "of descendants of Abraham"of Israel
      of swarm of locusts, other animals (figuratively)"(n pr m) Goyim

רַבִּ֑ים
רַבִּ֑ים
Root word many, great, much, captain, more, …
Dictionary form: רַב · rahb

Adjective — masculine plural, absolute state plural — usually add "-s"

In the KJV here: great
many ×82 great ×25 and many ×23 much ×16 of many ×16 the captain ×15 is great ×9 a great ×7
More options
many — Best default for plural/numerical contexts.
great — Prefer for intensity, size, or importance.
much — Use with uncountable or mass nouns.
abundant — Highlights surplus or overflow; slightly elevated register.
numerous — More formal synonym for 'many'; suits lists or armies.
chief — Use when רַב functions as a title or rank.

BDB7691 H7227

BDB7690 | BIBLICAL HEBREW | BDB7692

I. רַב429 adjective much, many, great; — masculine singular absolute ׳ר Gen 24:25+, רָ֑ב Gen 33:9+, also רָ֛ב 2Chr 20:2 ב֖ 2Chr 28:8, רָב֨ Ezra 10:13, etc.; construct תַב Exod 34:6 +; feminine singular רַבָּה Num 11:33 +; construct רַבַּת Ezek 22:5 + רַבָּ֫תִי (Ges §90 k 1) Lam 1:1 (twice in verse); masculine plural absolute רַבִּים Exod 23:2 (twice in verse)+, construct see II. רַב; feminine plural absolute רַבּוֺת Gen 30:43 +; — [often both as predicate and as attributive; as attributive preceding noun (influence of usage for numerals ? KöSynt.§334 k Ges«GKC:132b»§ 132b): רַב Isa 63:7; Ps 145:7 (but read probably רֹב, רָבֿ; in Isa 21:7 ׳ר is predicate), רַבּים Jer 16:16; Ps 32:10; Ps 89:51 (on context BöNÄ Bae, also Hup), Prov 7:26; 1Chr 28:5, רַבּוֺת Neh 9:28; Prov 31:29]; —

1. (often opposed to מְעַט)
  a. (1)much: of substances, gold 1Kgs 10:2; Ps 19:11, silver (money) 2Kgs 12:11; 2Chr 24:11, bronze 1Chr 18:8, wine Esth 1:7 of other quantities, e.g.spoil 2Sam 3:22, property 2Chr 32:29, seed Deut 28:38, etc.; רַב שֶׁיִּהְיוּ EC Deut 6:3b be it much that his days amount to; (2) especially of collectives, numerous, עַםרַֿב Josh 11:4; 2Sam 13:34 עֲבֻדָּה רַבָּךְ Gen 26:14; Job 1:3, מִקְנֶה רַב Deut 3:19+,etc.
  b. plural many: person Exod 5:5; Judg 8:30; Judg 9:40; 1Kgs 4:20; 1Kgs 11:1+, things Gen 30:48; Amos 5:12; Deut 31:17 +; noun omitted רַבּוֺת Dan 11:41 (that is, lands; read רִבּוֺת myriads Kmp Bev Behrm Marti Prince); יָמִים רֵבִּים many days (a long time) Gen 21:34; Gen 37:24+28 t.,שָׁנִים רַבּוֺת Neh 9:30; Eccl 6:3a, אִם עוֺר רַבּוֺת בַּשָּׁנִים Lev 25:51 רַבּוֺת עִתִּים Neh 9:28 many times (see above) =פְּעָמִים רַבּוֺת Ps 106:43; Eccl 7:22 מַכָּה רַבָּה Deut 25:3 many blows; מַיִם רִַ׃בּים many waters Num 20:11+27 t., compare Isa 8:7 etc.
  c. רַב as substantive collective person Exod 19:21, also (opposed to מְעַט)1Sam 14:6; Num 13:18; Num 26:54; Num 26:56; Num 33:54; Num 35:8 so רַבַּת (Ges«GKC:130a»§ 130a) 2Chr 30:17; 2Chr 30:18, and (thing; =much) Ezek 24:12 רַב construct before abstract (= רֹב) Isa 21:7; Isa 63:7; Ps 145:7 especially plural רַבִּים of person Exod 23:2 (twice in verse) +37 t. + בַּתרַֿבִּים Song 7:5.
  d. construct= abounding in, רַבבְּֿרֶכוֺת Prov 28:20, רַבחֶֿסֶר (see I. חֶסֶד 3), רַבפֹּֿךְַ Ps 147:5, רַבמְֿאֵרוֺת Prov 28:27, רַב הַמְּהוּמָה Ezek 22:5, רַבנֿוֺצָךְ Ezek 17:7, רַבחֶֿעֲלִיָּה Jer 32:19, רֵבפְּֿעֶלִים 2Sam 23:20= 1Chr 11:22, רַבפָּֿ֑שַׁע Prov 29:22 רַבתְּֿבוּנָה Prov 14:29 רַבַּת אוֺצָרֹת Jer 51:13, רַבַּת בָּנִים 1Sam 2:5 רַבָּ֫תִי עָם Lam 1:1 (Ges«GKC:90l»§ 90l).
  e. + מִן compare= more numerous than Exod 1:9; Num 22:15; Josh 10:11; Judg 16:30; 2Kgs 6:16; Isa 54:1; 1Chr 24:4; 2Chr 32:7; Dan 11:13 followed by infinitive, too many to Gen 36:7; Judg 7:2 (compare vJudg 7:4); see also following feminine רַב =abundant, enough Gen 24:25; Gen 33:9 as exclamation enough! Gen 45:28; 2Sam 24:16; 1Chr 21:15; 1Kgs 19:4, so (+ מִן infinitive) Exod 9:28 (מִן 6 d); רַבלָֿךְ (with implication of excess) Deut 3:26 (let it) suffice thee! so רַבלָֿכֶם Ezek 45:9, also Num 16:3; Num 16:7= ye assume too much ! + infinitive it is enough for you to Deut 1:6; Deut 2:3 (i.e. you have done it enough), so+ מִן infinitive 1Kgs 12:23, מִן substantive Ezek 44:6.
  g. as adverb much, exceedingly (only Psalms), רַב Ps 123:3, ָ™רב Ps 18:15 (Hup De Che and others; HPS2Sam 22:15 conjectures רָמָה omits || 2Sam 22:15); רַבָּה Ps 62:3; Ps 78:15; Ps 89:8 (ᵐ5. Bae רַב הוּא ); רַבַּת (Aramaism, compare Syriac , , Nö§ 155 A&WSG 135) Ps 65:10; Ps 120:6 (=long enough), Ps 123:4; Ps 129:1; Ps 129:2
2. less often great:
  a. of space 1Sam 26:13, the deep Amos 7:4; Gen 7:11; Isa 51:10; Ps 36:7(figurative), city Lam 1:1 (רַ֫בָּתִי בַגּוֺיִם Ges§), — see also צִירוֺן חֲמַת; -plague Num 11:33, empire Esth 1:20 goodness Ps 31:20, wickedness Gen 6:5, etc.
  b. specifically strong (opposed to אֵין כֹּחַ) 2Chr 14:10 רַב לְהוֺשִׁיעַ Isa 63:1 so רַבִּים as substantive Isa 53:12 (|| עֲצוּמִים).
  c. major natu Gen 25:23 (opposed to צָעִיר); רַבּים as substantive grandoevi, Job 32:9.
  d. + מִן compare greater than Deut 7:1; Deut 7:17; Deut 9:14; Deut 20:1 too great for Josh 19:9; 1Kgs 19:7 — Prov 26:10 is hopelessly corrupt, see Toy.

BDB7692 H7227 H7248 H7249 H8248 H7262

BDB7691 | BIBLICAL HEBREW | BDB7693

II. רַב49 noun masculine chief (Assyrian-Babylonian influence, compare rab DlHWB 609 b; Biblical Aramic רַב); — construct ׳ר Jer 39:9+; plural construct רַבֵּי Jer 39:13; Jer 41:1 (but see below); — especially רַבֿ טַבָּחִים chief of guardsmen (see טַבָּח), only as title of Babylonian officer Jer 30:9; Jer 30:10 + 15 t. Jeremiah, 7 t || 2Kgs 25 (compare ׳שַׁר הַט in Gen [J E]); also רַב הַחֹבֵל Jonah 1:6 chief of the sailors, i.e. captain; in general כָּלרַֿב בֵּיתוֺ Esth 1:8, רַבמָֿרִיסָיו Dan 1:3 (see סָרִיס ), and so רַבֵּי מֶלֶךְ בָּבֶל Jer 39:13, רַבֵּי הַמֶּלֶךְ Jer 41:1 (late gloss; omitted by ᵐ5 and || 2Kgs 25:25, so Hi Gf Gie). The following titles of Assyrian -Babylonian officers are probably loan-words in Hebrew: רַבמָֿ֑ג Jer 39:3; Jer 39:13 usually chief soothsayer (see מָ֑ג), but = rab-mugi [? chief of princes] PinchesHast. DB. BAB-MAG; רַבסָֿרִיס (compare Old Aramaic [Nineveh] רב סרס Lzb386), 2Kgs 18:17 (Assyrian; not in || Isa 36:2), Jer 39:8; Jer 39:13 (Babylonian ), usually chief eunuch, but = rabû-ša-rêši, chief of the heads (the principal men) WklUnters. x.altor.Geschichte.1889, Excurs. v, p. 138 (actually found as rubû-ša-ri-ešu PinchesAcad June 25,1892, 618), PinchesHast.DB.RAB-SARIS; רַבשָֿׁקֵה (van d. H. רַבְשָׁקֵה) chief of the officers (?) (so probably Assyrian rab-ŠA†; ša‡kû = high one; COT2Kgs 18:17 KBii.23 DlHWB 685 a TieleBab.-As. Geschichte.497.513 PinchesHast.DB.iv 191), 2Kgs 18:17; 2Kgs 18:19; 2Kgs 18:26; 2Kgs 18:27; 2Kgs 18:37; 2Kgs 19:4; 2Kgs 19:8 = Isa 36:2; Isa 36:4; Isa 36:11; Isa 36:13 (twice in verse); Isa 36:22; Isa 37:4; Isa 37:8

BDB9879 H7227 H7231 H7239

BDB9878 | BIBLICAL ARAMAIC | BDB9880

רבב (√ of following; see Biblical Hebrew I. רבב, רַב, רִבּוֺ).

many, great, much, captain, more, …
rab
abundant (in quantity, size, age, number, rank, quality)
  • (adj) much, many, great
    • much
      • "many"abounding in"more numerous than"abundant, enough"great"strong"greater than"(adv) much, exceedingly
    (n m) captain, chief

וְ ֝הָרַ֗ג
וְ
Prefix — connector and (sometimes: but, so, then)
֝הָרַ֗ג
Root word slew, slay, slain, kill, killed, …
Dictionary form: הָרַג · haw-RAHɡ

Verb — Qal, Perfect (Qatal), third person masculine singular simple action — "he did" completed action — try "he ___ed" or "he has ___ed" the built-in subject is "he (or it)"

In the KJV here: and slew
and slew ×18 slew ×15 slay ×6 to slay ×6 and slain ×4 and they slew ×4 they slew ×4 to kill ×3
More options
kill — Broadest, most neutral modern rendering; prefer for general use.
slay — Modernized KJV form; suits poetic or elevated literary contexts.
put to death — Emphasizes deliberate, often authorized execution.
strike down — Vivid; highlights the violent physical act of killing.
murder — Use only when unlawful, intentional killing is clearly implied.
massacre — Best for large-scale or brutal collective killing.

BDB2223 H2026

BDB2222 | BIBLICAL HEBREW | BDB2224

הָרַג verb kill, slay (Late Hebrew id., ואהרג MI (1 singular Imperfect consecutive); Arabic fall into war, conflict, disorder, slaughter; Sabean הרג fight Os4, l. 17, kill SabDenkm24. 25) —

Qal Perfect 3 masculine singular ׳ה Judg 9:24 + 4 t., הָרָ֑ג 2Sam 14:7 + 2 t., וְהָרַג consecutive Isa 27:1 suffix וַהֲרָגָ֑נִי consecutive 1Sam 16:2 + 2 t.; הֲרָגוֺ Gen 4:25 etc.; Imperfect יַהֲרֹג Ps 10:8 + 4 t.; יַהֲרָגֿ Job 5:2 וַיַּהֲרֹג Exod 13:15 + 14 t.; suffix יַהַרְגֵנִי Gen 4:14 1 singular אֶהֱרוֺג Amos 2:3, אֶהֱרֹג Amos 9:1 cohortative וְאַהַרְגָה Gen 27:41 suffix וָאֶהֶרְגֵהוּ 2Sam 4:10; 2Kgs 10:9 3 masculine plural יַהֲרֹ֑גוּ Ps 94:6; Ezek 23:47 וַיַּהַרְגוּ Gen 34:25 + 4 t.; suffix יַהַרְגֻנִי Gen 26:7, etc.; Imperative הֲרֹג Judg 8:20 suffix הָרְגֵנִי Num 11:15 plural הִרְגוּ Num 25:5 + 2 t.; הֲרֹ֑גוּ Num 31:17 Infinitive absolute הָרֹג Num 11:15 + 2 t.; הָרוֺג Esth 9:16 construct הֲרֹג Exod 2:15 + 11 t.; הֲרוֺג Eccl 3:8; Esth 7:4 suffix הָרְגֵנִי Exod 2:14 הָרְגֵנוּ Exod 5:21 הֲרָגְךָ 1Sam 24:11 הָרְגֶ֑ךָ Gen 27:42 + 2 t.; הָרְגוֺ Exod 21:14 Participle active הֹרֵג Gen 4:15 + 4 t.; הוֺרֵג Ezek 21:16 הֹרְגֶ֑ךָ Ezek 28:9 הֹרְגִים Jer 4:31; 2Kgs 17:25 passive הֲרוּגִים Isa 10:4 + 2 t.; הֲרֻגִים Isa 14:19 construct הֲרֻגֵי Jer 18:21 הֲרוּגָיו Isa 27:7 הֲרוּגֶיהָ Isa 26:21 הֲרֻגֶיהָ Prov 7:26 —
1. a. kill, slay, implying ruthless violence, especially private violence Gen 4:8; Gen 4:14; Gen 4:15; Gen 4:23; Gen 4:25; Gen 12:12 (all J), Gen 20:11 (E) Gen 26:7; Gen 27:41; Gen 27:42; Gen 34:25; Gen 34:26; Gen 37:20; Gen 37:26 (all J), Gen 49:6 (poem in J), Exod 2:14 (twice in verse); Exod 2:15 (E), Exod 5:21 (J) Exod 21:14; Exod 23:7 (both J E), Num 31:19 (P) Judg 9:5; Judg 9:18; Judg 9:24 (twice in verse); Judg 9:56; Judg 16:2; Judg 20:5; 1Sam 16:2; 1Sam 22:21; 1Sam 24:11; 1Sam 24:12; 1Sam 24:18; 2Sam 3:30; 2Sam 4:10; 2Sam 4:11; 2Sam 4:12; 2Sam 12:9; 2Sam 14:7; 2Sam 23:21; 1Kgs 2:5; 1Kgs 2:32; 1Kgs 18:12; 1Kgs 18:13; 1Kgs 18:14; 1Kgs 19:1; 1Kgs 19:10; 1Kgs 19:14; 2Kgs 9:31; 2Kgs 10:9; 1Chr 7:21; 1Chr 11:23; 2Chr 21:4; 2Chr 21:13; 2Chr 22:8; 2Chr 24:23; 2Chr 24:25; 2Chr 25:3; Neh 4:5; Neh 6:10 (twice in verse); Zech 11:5; Ps 10:8; Ps 94:6 (|| רִצֵּחַ); compare Judg 8:18; Judg 8:19; Judg 8:20; Judg 8:21; Judg 9:54; 1Kgs 12:27; Isa 14:20; 2Chr 22:1; Neh 9:26 so of massacre of Jews planned by Haman Esth 3:13; Esth 7:4 (both לְהַשְׁמִיד לַהֲרֹג וּלְאַבֵּד), and of slaughter of Jews' enemies in defence and revenge Esth 8:11 (same combination) Esth 9:6; Esth 9:10; Esth 9:12; Esth 9:15; Esth 9:16 compare vEsth 9:11 (passive participle the slain).
  b. hence of wholesale slaughter after battle Num 31:7; Num 31:8 (twice in verse); Num 31:17 (twice in verse) (all P), Josh 8:24; Josh 10:11 (both J E), Josh 13:22 (P), Judg 7:25 (twice in verse); Judg 8:17; Judg 9:45; 2Sam 10:18; 1Kgs 9:16; 1Kgs 11:24; 2Kgs 8:12; 1Chr 19:18; 2Chr 28:6; 2Chr 28:7; 2Chr 28:9; 2Chr 36:17; Ezek 26:8; Ezek 26:11, compare Judg 9:26 passive participle the slain Isa 10:4; Isa 14:19 compare Ezek 23:10; Ezek 23:47; Ezek 37:9; Jer 18:21 הֲרֻגֵי מָוֶת (|| מֻכֵּיחֶֿרֶב); further Hos 9:13; Hab 1:17; Jer 4:31; Ezek 21:16; Ezek 28:9 also of slaughter in a revolt 2Kgs 11:8 = 2Chr 23:17.
2. of God's slaying in judgment (stern and inscrutable), Gen 20:4 (E), Exod 4:23; Exod 13:15; Exod 22:23 (all J E), Amos 2:3; Amos 4:10; Amos 9:1; Amos 9:4; Lam 2:4; Lam 2:21; Lam 3:43; Ps 59:12; Ps 78:31; Ps 78:34; Ps 135:10; Ps 136:18 compare Num 11:15 (twice in verse) (JE), Num 22:33 (J), (passive the slain, so Isa 27:7), Jer 15:3 figurative הֲרַגְתִּים בְּאִמְרֵיפִֿ֑י Hos 6:5 (|| בַּנְּבִיאִים חָצַבְתִּי).
3. rarely of judicial killing by men (at God's command), Exod 32:27 (JE), Lev 20:15; Lev 20:16 (H), Num 25:5 (JE), Deut 13:10 (twice in verse) compare Ezek 9:6 תַּהַרְגוּ לְמַשְׁחִית.
4. of killing beasts, Num 22:29 (J; Balaam's ass), Lev 20:15 compare above, Isa 22:13 (oxen; || שָׁחֹט), הִתַּנִּין אֲשֶׁר בַּיָּ֑ם Isa 27:1 also of killing vines, by hail Ps 78:47.
5. of killing by beasts: lions 2Kgs 17:25, viper Job 20:16.
6. quite general is עֵת לַהֲרוֺג וְעֵת לִרְפּוֺא Eccl 3:3.
7. destroy, ruin לֶאֱוִיל יַהֲרָגכָּֿ֑עַשׂ וּפֹתֶה תָּמִית קִנְאָה Job 5:2 מְשׁוּבַת פְּתָיִם תַּהַרְגֵם וְשַׁלְוַת כְּ סִילִים תְּאַבְּדֵם Prov 1:32 also of those ruined by shameless woman Prov 7:26. — Regular construction is with accusative; object sometimes omitted, as Lam 2:21 used absolute Hos 9:13; Jer 4:31; Jer 15:3; Lam 3:43; Ezek 21:16; Eccl 3:3 followed by בְּ slay among, i.e. some of, 2Kgs 17:25; 2Chr 28:6; 2Chr 28:9; Ps 78:31 followed by מִן (part of), + accusative, 1Chr 19:18 followed by direct object with לְ 2Sam 3:30; Job 5:2; Ps 135:11 = Ps 136:19; Ps 136:20 (but in last 3 first object is accusative). Niph`al Imperfect
1. passive of Qal 1 a, יֵהָרֵג Lam 2:20 shall priest and prophet be slain in the sanctuary?
2. passive of Qal 1 b, 3 feminine plural תֵּהָרַגְנָה Ezek 26:6 also Ezek 26:15 בֵּהָרֵג הֶרֶג ( = בְּהֵהָרֵג), but ᵐ5 Co בַּהֲרֹג חֶרֶב. Pu`al Perfect 3 masculine singular הֹרָ֑ג Isa 27:7 be slain (passive of Qal 1 b); compare 1 plural הֹרַגְנוּ Ps 44:23 (|| נֶחְשַׁבְּנוּ כְּצאֹן טִבְחָה).

slew, slay, slain, kill, killed, …
hārag
to smite with deadly intent
  • to kill, slay, murder, destroy, murderer, slayer, out of hand
    • (Qal)
      • to kill, slay
        • "to destroy, ruin
      (Niphal) to be killed"(Pual) to be killed, be slain

מְלָכִ֥ים
מְלָכִ֥ים
Root word king, kings, royal
Dictionary form: מֶלֶךְ · meh-LEK

Noun — Common, masculine plural, absolute state plural — usually add "-s"

In the KJV here: kings
the king ×712 king ×501 and the king ×198 the kings ×192 of the kings ×104 of the king ×98 kings ×64 and king ×33
More options
king — Most natural modern equivalent; universally understood.
monarch — Formal register; suits literary or elevated prose.
ruler — Broader term; useful when royal rank is less central.
sovereign — Emphasizes supreme authority; good in legal or theological contexts.
royal — Adjectival use; fits compound nouns like 'royal court'.

BDB4669 H4428 H4429

BDB4668 | BIBLICAL HEBREW | BDB4670

I. מֶ֫לֶךְ2513 noun masculine king (Late Hebrew id.; MI1, 5, 10, 18, 23 מלך; Neh 1:4 המלכן; Phoenician מלך; Zinjirli מלך DHMSendsch. 60; Assyrian maliku, malku, prince (Assyrian šarru = king); Arabic king (original Hebrew *מַלִח inferred, LagBN 73 BaNB § 112 WMMAs. u. Europ.76); Sabean מלכן SabDenkmNo. 1; construct מלך, plural אמלך CISiv 37; compare Ethiopic God (and Nöl.c.); Aramaic , מְלֵיךְ; Palmyrene מלך מלכא VogNo. 28; Nabataean מלכא EutNab. 1); — ׳מ absolute Gen 14:7 + (insert also 2Sam 13:17 ᵐ5 Th We Dr Kit Bu, and v2Sam 13:34 ᵐ5 We Dr Kit Bu); in p. always מֶ֑לֶךְ Gen 49:20 + 238 t. (so also proper name in מֶלֶךְ-); construct Gen 14:1 +; suffix מַלְכִּי 2Sam 19:44 + 6 t., etc.; plural מְלָכִים Gen 14:9 +; מְלָכִין Prov 31:3 construct מַלְכֵי Gen 17:16 +; suffix מְלָכֶיהָ Isa 7:16 + 3 t.; מַלְכֵיהֶם Deut 7:24 + 16 t., etc.; —

1. king: of Egypt Gen 39:20f.; Exod 1:8f.; Deut 11:3; 1Kgs 3:1 of Mesopotamia, Shinar, Assyria, Babylon, Persia, etc. Judg 3:8; Judg 3:10; Gen 14:1f.; 2Kgs 15:19; 2Kgs 15:20; 2Kgs 15:29; 2Kgs 17:3f.; 2Kgs 18:13f.; 2Kgs 24:1; 2Kgs 24:11f.; Ezra 1:1f.; Ezra 4:3f.; Esth 1:2 +, 1Kgs 11:18; 1Kgs 11:40; 1Kgs 14:25; 2Kgs 17:4f.; 2Kgs 23:29 +; of Canaan, Philistia, Edom, Moab, etc. (often of single city): Gen 14:2f.; vGen 14:18; Gen 20:2; Gen 26:1; Gen 26:8; Gen 36:31; Num 20:14; Num 21:1f.; Num 22:4; Num 22:10; Deut 1:4; Deut 3:1f.; Josh 2:2 (often in Joshua), Judg 1:7; Judg 5:19; Judg 8:5; Judg 8:12; Judg 11:12f.; 2Kgs 3:4f. +; of Aram, Hamath, etc. 2Sam 8:3f. v2Sam 8:9; 1Kgs 15:18; 1Kgs 20:1f.; 1Kgs 22:3; 2Kgs 5:1f.; 2Kgs 8:7f.; v2Kgs 8:29; 2Kgs 9:14; 2Kgs 9:15; 2Kgs 15:37; 2Kgs 16:5f. +; of Tyre, etc. 2Sam 5:11; 1Kgs 5:15; 1Kgs 9:11; 1Kgs 9:16+, etc.; especially of Israel (undivided, and of both divisions) Gen 36:31; Num 23:21; Num 24:7; Deut 17:14f.; Judg 17:6; Judg 18:1; Judg 19:1; Judg 21:25; 1Sam 2:10; 1Sam 8:5f.; 2Sam 2:4f.; 1Kgs 1:33; 1Kgs 1:34f. + very often; compare also Judg 9:5. — 2Sam 18:29b strike out ׳הַמּ We Klo Dr Kit Bu. Note that in early books המלך דוד is nearly always said; in late books usually המלך ׳שׁלמה וגו) דוד; compare Aramaic כּוֺרֶשׁ מַלְכָּא, etc.
2. of Davidic king, as under divine protection, 1Sam 2:10 (|| מְשִׁיחוֺ), Ps 2:6; Ps 18:51; Ps 89:19; Ps 61:7, compare Ps 99:4 so in (Messianic) prediction Hos 3:5; Isa 32:1; Jer 23:5; Ezek 37:22; Ezek 37:24; Zech 9:9.
3. used of ׳י as king of Israel 1Sam 12:12 in poetry Deut 33:5 compare Ps 5:3; Ps 10:16; Ps 29:10; Ps 44:5; Ps 48:3; Ps 68:25; Ps 74:12; Ps 84:4; Ps 145:1; Ps 149:2; Isa 41:21; Isa 43:15; Isa 44:6; Zeph 3:15 מֶלֶךְ הַכָּבוֺד Ps 24:7; Ps 24:8; Ps 24:9; Ps 24:10 (twice in verse); universal king Ps 47:3; Ps 47:8; Ps 95:3; Ps 98:6; Jer 10:7; Jer 10:10, compare Jer 46:18; Jer 48:15; Jer 51:57; Zech 14:9; Zech 14:16; Zech 14:17; Mal 1:14 of false god Amos 5:26.
4. in fable, king of trees Judg 9:8; Judg 9:15 figurative of crocodile Job 41:26 אֵין לָאַרְבֶּה ׳מ Prov 30:27 of death, מֶלֶךְ בַּלָּהוֺת Job 18:14.
5. combinations are: —
  a. הַגָּדוֺל ׳הַמּ 2Kgs 18:19; 2Kgs 18:28 = Isa 36:4; Isa 36:13 (of Assyrian king: compare Assyrian šarru rabu); גָּדוֺל ׳מ Eccl 9:14 (indefinite); of ׳י Mal 1:14, עַלכֿלאֿלהים ׳ג ׳מ Ps 95:3 ׳מ עוֺלָם Jer 10:10 (of ׳י); מְלָכִים ׳מ Ezek 26:7 (king of Babylon)
  b. יְחִי הַמֶּלֶךְ 1Sam 10:24; 2Sam 16:16 (twice in verse); 1Kgs 1:34; 1Kgs 1:39; 2Kgs 11:12; 2Chr 23:11 מֶלֶךְ בירושׁלם Eccl 1:1, compare Eccl 15:26; 2Sam 5:2; 1Kgs 14:2; 1Chr 29:25; 2Sam 2:11 (׳בחברון עלהֿיה מ) 1Kgs 11:37; 2Chr 28:4; Eccl 1:12.
  c. following a verb (one or two accusative) על ׳שִׂים מ Deut 17:14; Deut 17:15 (twice in verse); 1Sam 10:19 ׳שִׂים לָנוּ מ 1Sam 8:5 ׳שִׂים לְמ 1Kgs 10:9 לְ ׳נָתַן מ 1Sam 8:6; Hos 13:10; Hos 13:11 נָתַן עַל 1Sam 12:13; 2Chr 2:10; Neh 9:37; Neh 13:26 הִמְלִיךְ לְמֶלֶךְ Judg 9:6; 1Sam 15:11 על ׳הִמְלִיךְ מ 1Sam 12:1 לְ ׳הִמְלִיךְ מ 1Sam 8:22 ׳מָשַׁח מ עַל Judg 9:8 ׳מָשַׁח לְמ 1Kgs 1:45 עַל ׳מָשַׁךְ לְמ Judg 9:15; 1Sam 15:1; 1Sam 15:17; 2Sam 2:4; 2Sam 5:3; 2Sam 5:12; 2Sam 12:7; 1Kgs 1:34; 1Chr 11:3; 1Chr 14:8 יִהְיֶה על ׳מ 1Sam 8:19 על ׳בִּקֵּשׁ למ 2Sam 3:17 ׳הֵכִין לְמ על 2Sam 5:12; 1Chr 14:2 על ׳הֵקִים מ 1Kgs 14:14; Deut 28:36 ׳תַּחַת וגו ׳לְמ ׳יָשַׁב עַלכִּֿסֵּא י 1Chr 29:23, compare Prov 20:8 אלהיך ׳לְי ׳נָתַן עַלכִּֿסֵּא לְמ 2Chr 9:8.
  d. מַעֲדַנֵּימֶֿלךְ Gen 49:20 royal dainties, figurative; ׳מִשְׁתֵּה הַמּ 1Sam 25:36 royal feast (in simile); ׳אֶבֶן הַמּ 2Sam 14:26 king's weight; ׳יַדהַֿמּ 1Kgs 10:13 royal bounty (in simile); ׳גִּזֵּי הַמּ Amos 7:1 king's mowings; ׳מִקְדַּשׁ מ Amos 7:13 royal sanctuary; עֲטֶרֶת מַלְכָּם 2Sam 12:30 crown of their king = 1Chr 20:2 (but read מִלְכֹּם ᵐ5 We Klo Dr Kit Kau — not Bu KitChr. Hpt); compare also בַּיִת, עֵמֶק, גַּן, שָׁוֵה, etc. — proper name אבימלך, אחימלך, אלימלך, מלך, נתן, מלך, עבד, see below אב, אח, etc.

BDB4674 H4432 H1322 H4428

BDB4673 | BIBLICAL HEBREW | BDB4675

מֹ֫לֶךְ proper name, of a divinity Molech (ᵐ5 Μολοχ, ᵑ9 Moloch) (= מֶלֶךְ i.e. (divine) King, with vowels of בּשֶׁת to denote abhorrence, HoffmZAW iii. 1883, 124 RSSemitic i. 353; 2nd ed. 372; compare HoffmGG Abh. xxxvi. 1890 a (May, 1889), 25; Phoenician proper name, of divinity מלך Milk, in proper names compare Bloch, DrDt.222 f.); — with article ׳הַמּ: — the god to whom Israel sacrificed children with fire (in valley of Hinnom); ׳העביר בָּנֵשׁ לַ מּ 2Kgs 23:10 ׳העביר לַמּ Jer 32:35 (|| הַבַּעַל), Lev 18:21 (H); ׳נתן לַמּ Lev 20:2; Lev 20:3; Lev 20:4 (H); more generally ׳לִזְנוֺת אַחֲרֵי הַמּ vLev 20:5 (H). In 1Kgs 11:7 read probably מִלְכֹּם, q. v.

BDB4684 H4442 H6664 H4428

BDB4683 | BIBLICAL HEBREW | BDB4685

מַלְכִּיצֶֿ֫דֶק proper name, masculine king of שָׁלֵם (q. v.), (my king is ‚ede‡) — Gen 14:18. Ps 110:4. ᵐ5 Μελχισεδεκ.

BDB4685 H4443 H4428 H7311

BDB4684 | BIBLICAL HEBREW | BDB4686

מַלְכִּירָם proper name, masculine son of Jeconiah (= Jehoiakin) (my king (= Yahweh) is high, compare GrayProp. N. 146 f.; Phoenician proper name מלכרם); — 1Chr 3:18. ᵐ5 Μελχ(ε)ιραμ.

BDB4686 H4428 H4444 H7769

BDB4685 | BIBLICAL HEBREW | BDB4687

מַלְכִישׁוּעַ proper name, masculine son of Saul my king (= ׳י) is opulence, compare GrayProp. N. 147); — 1Sam 14:49; 1Sam 31:2; 1Chr 8:33; 1Chr 9:39; 1Chr 10:2 (in Chronicles מַלְכִּישֿׁוּעַ). ᵐ5 Μελχεισα, Μελχεσουε, etc.

king, kings, royal
melek
a king
  • king

עֲצוּמִֽים
עֲצוּמִֽים
Root word strong, mighty, mightier, much, ones, …
Dictionary form: עָצוּם · aw-TSOOM

Adjective — masculine plural, absolute state plural — usually add "-s"

In the KJV here: mighty
and mightier ×6 strong ×4 a strong ×2 and mighty ×2 and strong ×2 mighty ×2 the mighty ×2 and a strong ×1
More options
powerful — Broadest modern equivalent; suits most contexts naturally.
mighty — Retains biblical register; modernized from KJV 'the mighty'.
strong — Emphasizes physical or military strength specifically.
formidable — Implies an imposing, hard-to-overcome force or foe.
vast — Best when עָצוּם describes large numbers or quantities.
overwhelming — Use when the context stresses superiority or overpowering scale.

BDB6296 H6099 H6110

BDB6295 | BIBLICAL HEBREW | BDB6297

עָצוּם31 adjective mighty, numerous; — ׳ע Gen 18:18 +, plural עֲצוּמִים Isa 8:7 +, עֲצֻמִים Mic 4:3 +; suffix עֲצוּמָיו Ps 10:10 —

1. mighty, especially of people, strong in numbers (often || רַב, גָּדוֺל) Gen 18:18; Exod 1:9 + 3 t. J E; Deut 4:38 + 6 t. D, Mic 4:3; Mic 4:7; Zech 8:22; Isa 60:22 (opposed to צָעִיר), of locusts Joel 1:6; Joel 2:2; Joel 2:5, compare vJoel 2:11 so of חַיִל Dan 11:25 עַם לאֹ עָצוּם, i.e. feeble Prov 30:26 (of the שָׁפָן); less often of individual ׳מְלָכִים ע Ps 135:10 of waters Isa 8:7 ׳ע alone Prov 18:18 the mighty, Dan 8:24; Ps 10:10 his mighty ones i.e. claws, of lion, so Ew De Che Bae and others).
2. numerous, countless (all || רַב): Amos 5:12; Ps 35:18 as substantive = many Isa 53:12; Prov 7:26. — Isa 41:21 see עֲצֻמָה below III. עצם. below

BDB6300 H6099

BDB6299 | BIBLICAL HEBREW | BDB6301

III. עצם (√ of following, si vera lectio; compare Arabic defend, protect, defence, see Du and compare Thes; > De Di and others your mighty things strong arguments (from עָצוּם, below I. עצם, which following perhaps imitates in vocalization)).

BDB6301 H6110 H6099

BDB6300 | BIBLICAL HEBREW | BDB6302

[עֲצֻמָה] noun feminine defence; — plural suffix עֲצֻמוֺתֵיכֻם (so Baer Ginsb; van d. H. ׳עַצֻּמ) Isa 41:21 bring forward your defences, defensive arguments (CheHpt עַצְּבוֺתֵיכֻם your idols, after Gr, [so Lo Klo explain ׳עצמ, as mightiest aid, I. עצם]).

(ה)עצנו 2Sam 23:8, see I. עָדִין below I. עדן.

strong, mighty, mightier, much, ones, …
ʿāṣûm
powerful (specifically, a paw); by implication, numerous
  • mighty, vast, numerous
    • mighty, strong (in number)
      • "numerous, countless

This book is chanted to the poetic accent system (used only in Job, Psalms, and Proverbs). Each group below ends at one of its pausing accents — translate a group as one unit.
שֶֽׁ֭הִכָּה Dechi — a lesser break גּוֹיִ֣ם רַבִּ֑ים Atnach — the verse's main pause — take a breath here וְ֝הָרַ֗ג Revia Mugrash — a lesser break מְלָכִ֥ים עֲצוּמִֽים Silluq — end of the verse

שֶֽׁהִכָּה גּוֹיִם רַבִּים וְהָרַג מְלָכִים עֲצוּמִֽים׃
10
Who smote great nations, and slew mighty kings;
Cross References

Psalms 136:17

לְמַכֵּה מְלָכִים גְּדֹלִים כִּי לְעוֹלָם חַסְדּֽוֹ׃
17
To him which smote great kings: for his mercy endureth for ever:

Psalms 44:2

אַתָּה׀ יָדְךָ גּוֹיִם הוֹרַשְׁתָּ וַתִּטָּעֵם תָּרַע לְאֻמִּים וַֽתְּשַׁלְּחֵֽם׃
2
How thou didst drive out the heathen with thy hand, and plantedst them; how thou didst afflict the people, and cast them out.

Numbers 21:24

וַיַּכֵּהוּ יִשְׂרָאֵל לְפִי-חָרֶב וַיִּירַשׁ אֶת-אַרְצוֹ מֵֽאַרְנֹן עַד-יַבֹּק עַד-בְּנֵי עַמּוֹן כִּי עַז גְּבוּל בְּנֵי עַמּֽוֹן׃
24
And Israel smote him with the edge of the sword, and possessed his land from Arnon unto Jabbok, even unto the children of Ammon: for the border of the children of Ammon was strong.
Psalms 135:9
Read Psalms 135
Psalms 135:11