BDB4521 H1767 H4078 H4100
BDB4520 | BIBLICAL HEBREW | BDB4522
מַדַּי (i.e. מַהדַּֿי) 2Chr 30:3, see מה 1 e.
מִדֵּי see דַּי.
מִדְיָן, מְדִינָה see דין.
מִדְיָנִים see I. מדון. מְדֹכָה see דוך.
מַדְמֵן, I, II. מַדְמֵנָה, מַדְמַנָּה see דמן.
מְדָן see דין. מְדָנִים see מדון, מִדְיָנִי.
מַדַּע, מֹדַע, מֹדַ֫עַת see ידע.
[מַדְקָרָה], plural construct מַדְקְרוֺת see דקר.
מַדְרֵגָה see דרג. מְדֻרָה see דור.
[מִדְרָךְ] see דרך. [מִדְרָשׁ] see דרשׁ.
[מְדֻשָׁה] see דושׁ.
BDB4522 H4100 H4078
BDB4521 | BIBLICAL HEBREW | BDB4523
מָה, rarely מָהֿ (e.g. Gen 31:43; Josh 22:16; Judg 8:1), מַהֿ, מַהּ , מֶה, מַּ ( Exod 4:2; Isa 3:15; Mal 1:13; 1Chr 15:13; 2Chr 30:3), מָ (only in מָהֵם Ezek 8:6 Kt., Qr. מָה הֵם) — on the distinction in the use of these forms, see Ges«GKC:37»§ 37 —
pronoun interrogative and
indefinite what? how? aught; used of things, as מִי of persons (Aramaic , מָא, Arabic ; probably apocope from a longer form with n or nt, Assyrian minû (DlHWB 417 f.), Ethiopic ment; compare WCG 123 ff. K?:ii. 368): — 1. interrogative
what ? a. in a direct question, before either verbs or nouns
Gen 4:10 מֶה עשׂית what hast thou done ?
Gen 15:2 מהתֿתןלֿי what wilt thou give me ?
Exod 3:13 מַהשְּֿׁמוֺ,
Exod 12:26;
Exod 13:14 and so very often:
מַההִֿיא Zech 5:6 מה אלה Zech 1:9 מָה אַתָּה רֹאֶה Jer 1:11;
Amos 7:8 +; Jl
Amos 4:14 מה אתם לי;
Judg 18:8 מה אתם see Commentaries, v
Judg 18:24 מה לי עוד what have I still ?
Isa 21:11 מהמֿלילה what (= how much) of the night (is past) ? =
as what ? (
qualem ?)
Hag 2:3 (compare
מִי Amos 7:2); to express surprise,
Job 9:12 who shall say to him,
מה תעשׂה what doest thou ?
Job 22:13;
Eccl 8:4;
Isa 45:9;
Isa 45:10 followed by
כִּי,
Gen 20:10 מה ראית כי עשׂית what hadst thou in view, that thou hast done, etc.?
Gen 31:36;
Exod 16:7 וְנַחְנוּ מָה כִּי and
what are we, that . . .?
Exod 32:21;
Num 22:28;
Hab 2:18, etc. Note in particular —
(
a)
מָה is followed sometimes by a substantive in apposition (against Arabic usage, which does not permit this:
WAG. ii. § 170), so that it becomes virtually an adjective:
מַהבֶּֿצַע what profit . . .?
Gen 37:26;
Ps 30:10;
Mal 3:14;
Isa 40:8 מַהדְּֿמוּת,
Mal 1:13;
Ps 89:48 זְכָראֲֿנִי מֶה חָ֑לֶד (inverted for
חֶלֶד אָ֑נִי מַה) remember (of)
what (short) duration I am,
Eccl 1:3;
Eccl 5:10;
Eccl 5:15;
Eccl 6:8;
Eccl 6:11 (
Da§ 8, R. 2 K?:iii. 23 f.); as exclamation,
Ps 89:48b
Job 26:14. And with the substantive idiomatically at the end (in Arabic preceded then by
:
WAG. ii. § 49. 7),
1Sam 26:18 ומַהבֿידי רעה and what is there in my hand, evil ?
1Sam 20:10 (see
3),
2Sam 19:29;
2Sam 24:13;
2Sam 1:16;
מהמֿצאו אבותיכם בי עָוֶל,
Eccl 11:2;
Esth 6:3.
(
b)
מַהזֶּֿה what now ? 1Sam 10:11, contracted
מַזֶּה Exod 4:2 (
זֶה 4 c);
Gen 3:13 מַהזּֿאֹת עָשִׂיתָ;
Gen 12:18;
Gen 29:25 מַהזּֿאֹת עָשִׂיתָה לִּי; similarly
Gen 26:10;
Gen 42:28 +, either
what, now, hast thou done ? or
what is this that thou hast done ? (see
זֶה 4 d).
(
c)
לְּךָ מַהֿ what to thee ? i.e.
what aileth thee ? or
what dost thou want ? Gen 21:17 מַהלָּֿךְ הָגָר;
Josh 15:18;
2Sam 14:5;
1Kgs 1:16;
2Kgs 6:28;
Ezek 18:2 (accents); followed by
כִּי,
Judg 18:23 מהלֿך כי נזעקת,
Gen 20:9 (compare
1Sam 11:5 לעם כי יבכו מה),
Isa 22:1 מַהלָּֿךְ כִּי עָלִיתְ (compare
τί παθὼν,
τοῦτο ποιεῖς;),
Ps 114:5 without
כִּי Isa 3:15 (compare Qor 57:8; 57:10); with a participle,
Jonah 1:6 what is it to thee as a sleeper ? (accusative:
Da§ 70 a cites Qor 74:50),
Ezek 18:2 (if
אתם be treated as strengthening
לכם).
(
d)
פֹה (
לִי)
מַהלְּֿךָ =
what hast thou (have I) here ?
Judg 18:3;
1Kgs 19:9;
Isa 22:16;
Isa 52:5.
(
e) in the genitive,
Jer 8:9 וְחָכְמַתמֶֿה לָהֶם, and wisdom of
what (= what kind of wisdom) is theirs ?
Num 23:3 (see below
3).
b. often in an
indirect question, as after
ראה,
Gen 2:19 to see
מהיֿקראלֿו what he would call it,
Gen 37:20 וְנִרְאֶה מהיֿהיו חלֹמֹתיו to what his dreams will come,
Num 13:19f.;
Hab 2:1 הִכִּיר Gen 31:32 ידע Gen 39:8;
Exod 2:4 לדעת מהיֵּֿעָשֶׂה לו,
Exod 16:15;
Exod 32:1;
Job 34:4 שׁמע Num 9:8 ׳וְאשׁמעה מהיֿצוה י (compare
Ps 85:9),
2Sam 17:5 פֹּרַשׁ Num 15:34 שׁאל 1Kgs 3:5;
2Kgs 2:9 הֵבִין Job 6:24;
Job 23:5:
Num 13:18 מה היא וראיתם את הארץ,
Ps 39:5;
Isa 41:22 הראשׁנות מָה הֵנָּה הַגִּידוּ. — In some such cases it approximates in meaning to the simple rel., as
Jer 7:17;
Jer 33:24;
Mic 6:5;
Mic 6:8;
Job 34:33.
c. =
of what kind ? (German
was für ein ... ?), with an insinuation of blame, or reproach, or contempt:
Gen 37:10 מה החלום הזה what is this dream which thou hast dreamt?
Gen 44:15;
Josh 22:16;
Judg 8:1;
Judg 15:11;
Judg 20:12;
1Sam 29:3 מָה הָעִבְרִים האלה,
1Kgs 9:13 מה העדים האלה אשׁר נתתה לי,
2Kgs 9:22;
2Kgs 18:19.
d. מה is often used in questions to which the answer
little, or
nothing, is expected, and it thus becomes equivalent to a
rhetorical negative (compare
הֲ b,
מִי f c):
(
a)
Gen 23:15 land worth 400 shekels...,
מה היא what is it ? (i.e. it is something quite insignificant),
Gen 27:37;
Judg 8:3 עשׂות ככם ומהיֿכלתי,
Judg 14:18;
Hos 9:5;
Hos 10:3;
Ps 30:10;
Ps 56:5;
Job 15:9;
Job 16:6;
Job 21:21;
Job 22:13;
Job 22:17;
Lam 2:13;
Song 5:9 מַהאדּוֺדֵךְ מִדּוֺד what is thy beloved (more) than a(nother) beloved ? ||
לא,
1Kgs 12:16 מַהלָּֿנוּ חֵלֶק בְּדָוֺד וְלֹאנַֿחֲלָה בְּבֶן יִשַׁי (
2Sam 20:1 ׳אֵיןלָֿנוּ חֵלֶק וג),
Job 16:6.
(
b) followed by
כִּי (
כִּי 1 f),
Gen 20:9;
Gen 37:26 מַהבֶּֿצַע כִּי נַהֲרֹג what profit (is it) that we should slay him ?
Exod 16:7;
Num 16:11;
Hab 2:18;
2Kgs 8:13 what is thy servant, the dog,
that he should do, etc.? and often in poetry, as
Ps 8:5 מָה אנושׁ כי תזכרנו what is man
that thou rememberest him ?
Job 6:11 מַהכֹּֿחִי כִּי אֲיַחֵל, v
Job 6:11 b
Job 7:17;
Job 15:12f;
Job 15:14;
Job 16:3;
Job 21:15 + (compare
׳מִ f b). Hence,
(
c) in the formula of repudiation, or emphatic denial, (
וְלָכֶם)
מַהלִּֿי וָלָךְ what is there (common) to me and to thee ? i.e. what have I to do with thee ?
Judg 11:12;
2Sam 16:10 מה לי ולכם,
2Sam 19:23;
1Kgs 17:18;
2Kgs 3:13;
2Chr 35:21 compare
Josh 22:24;
2Kgs 9:18;
2Kgs 9:19 rather differently, without
וְ,
Jer 2:18 ׳מה לך לדרך מ what is there to thee
with reference to the way to Egypt ?
Hos 14:9 מַהאלּוֺ לַעֲצַבִּים, compare
Ps 50:16 (
לְסַפֵּר); with
את,
Jer 23:28 מַהלַֿתֶּבֶן אֶתהַֿבָּר beside (or
in comparison with) the wheat ? compare
τί ἐμοὶ(
ἡμῖν)
καὶ σοί;
Matt 8:29;
Mark 5:7;
John 2:4 and Arabic
e. =
whatsoever (compare
מִי g):
(
a)
Judg 9:48 ראיתם עשׂיתי מהרו עשׂו כמוני מה אתם, literally
what do you see (that) I have done ? hasten, and do like me (=
whatever ye see, etc.),
2Sam 21:4 אעשׂה לכם מה אתם אמרים,
Job 6:24 with the apodosis introduced by
וְ,
1Sam 20:4 מה תאמר נפשׁך ואעשׂה לך;
Esth 5:3 בַּקָּשָׁתֵךְ ֗֗֗ וְיִנָּתֵן לָךְ מַהֿ, v
Esth 5:6;
Esth 7:2;
Esth 9:12 hence in the late and strange idiom of Chronicles, it sinks twice almost to the rel.
what,
1Chr 15:13 כי לְמַבָּרִאשׁוֺנָה לא אתם because ye were not (employed) for
what was at first (on the former occasion), J. etc.,
2Chr 30:3 לְמַדַּי according to
what was sufficient (= in sufficient numbers), compare
Esth 9:26.
(
b) -
מַהשֶּֿׁ (late: frequently in Mishna, etc.),
whatever, what (compare
מִי אֲשֶׁר,
מִי g. end):
Eccl 1:9 מַהשֶּֿׁהָיָה הוּא שֶׁיִּהְיֶה, literally
what is that which hath been ? it is that which shall be (=
whatever hath been, it is that which shall be), v
Eccl 1:9;
Eccl 3:15;
Eccl 3:22;
Eccl 6:10;
Eccl 7:24;
Eccl 8:7;
Eccl 10:14.
2. Used adverbially:
a. as an
interrogative: (
a)
how ? especially in expressing what is regarded as an impossibility,
Gen 44:16 מַהנִּֿצְטַדָּ֑ק how shall we justify ourselves ?
Num 23:8 (twice in verse);
1Sam 10:27 מַהיּֿשִׁעֵנוּ זֶה,
2Kgs 4:43;
Job 9:2;
Job 25:4 (twice in verse);
Job 31:1 I made a covenant with my eyes,
׳וּמָה אֶתְבּוֺנֵן עַל ב and
how should I look upon a maid ? (
ᵐ5 οὐ,
ᵑ9 non),
Prov 20:24 דַּרְכּוֺ וְאָדָם מַהיָּֿבִין; in an indirect question,
Exod 10:26;
Ps 39:5 ֵאדְעָה מֶהחָֿדֵל אָ֑נִי; מַהזֶּֿה, how, now ? (in surprise), Gen 27:20 מַהזֶּֿה מִהַרְתָּ לִמְצאֹ בְּנִי, Judg 18:24; 1Kgs 21:5; 2Kgs 1:5.
(b) why ? Exod 14:15 אֵלַי מַה תִּצְעַק, Exod 17:2 (twice in verse); 2Kgs 6:33; 2Kgs 7:3; Ps 42:6 מַהתִּֿשְׁתּוֺחֲחִי עלי, Job 15:12 +; Song 8:4 I adjure you מַהתָּֿעִירוּ וּמַהתְּֿעוֺרֲרוּ, why will ye stir up, etc.? (i.e. do not: || אִם Song 2:7; Song 3:5). — The transition from the interrogative to the negative, to which in Hebrew there is an approximate (see above: especially 1Kgs 12:16; Job 31:1; Song 8:4), is in Arabic complete, being there used constantly in the sense of not (compare WalkerHebraica. xii. 244 ff.; Köiii, 478).
b. as an exclamation, how ...! with adjectives and verbs, Gen 28:17 מַהנּֿוֺרָא הַמָּקוֺם הַזֶּה how dreadful is this place! Gen 38:29; Num 24:5 מַהטֹּֿבוּ אֹהָלֶיךָ, Isa 52:7; Ps 3:2 מה רבו, Ps 8:2 מה אדיר, Ps 21:2; Ps 36:8, etc., Song 4:10 (twice in verse); Song 7:2 ironically, 2Sam 6:20; Jer 2:33; Jer 2:36; Job 26:2; Job 26:3. 3. indefinite pronoun
anything, aught,
Num 23:3 וּדְבַרמַֿהיַּֿרְאֵנִי וְהִגַּדְתִּי לָ֑ךְ and he will shew me the matter of
aught, and I will tell thee (= if he shew me... I will, etc.,
Dr§ 149),
1Sam 19:3 וְרָאִיתִי מָה וִהִגַּדְתִּי לָ֑ךְ = and if I see aught, I will, etc.,
1Sam 20:10 אוֺ מַהיַּֿעַנִךָ אָבִיךָ קָשָׁה if perchance thy father shall answer thee
aught that is harsh (order,
1 a a),
2Sam 18:22 וִיהִימָֿה אָרוּצָהנָּֿא but let there happen
what may (literally
aught), I will run, v
2Sam 18:23 (compare
Job 13:13 וְיַעֲבֹר עָלַי מָה), v
Job 13:29 וְלֹא יָדַעְתִּי מָה (compare
Prov 9:13),
Prov 25:8. compare
Köiii. § 65. 4. With prepositions:
a. בַּמָּה9,
בַּמֶּה19 wherein ? Exod 22:26;
Judg 16:5;
1Sam 14:38 (indirect question;
We בְּמִי); and so according to the various senses of
בְּ:
whereby ? Gen 15:8;
Exod 33:16;
Mal 1:2;
Mal 1:6;
Mal 1:7;
Mal 2:17;
Mal 3:7-8 wherewith ? 1Sam 6:2;
2Sam 21:3;
Mic 6:6 by what means ? Judg 16:5 וּבַמֶּה נוּכַל לוֺ;
at what (worth) ?
Isa 2:22 for what ? 2Chr 7:21 (||
1Kgs 9:8 עלמֿה).
b. יַעַן מֶה Hag 1:9 because of what ? c. כַּמָּה,
כַּמֶּה, properly
the like of what ? (Arabic
, Syriac
); hence
(
a)
how much ? how many ? ׳כַּמָּה יְמֵי וגו Gen 47:8;
2Sam 19:35;
Ps 119:84;
Job 13:23 עַד כַּמֶּה פְעָמִים 1Kgs 22:16 (=
2Chr 18:15);
כַּמָּה how often ? Job 21:17 (i.e. how seldom !); in an indirect question,
how much ? Zech 2:6 (twice in verse). As an exclamation,
Zech 7:3 as I have done
זֶה כַמֶּה שָׁנִים now (
זֶה 4 i),
how many years !
Ps 78:40 כַּמָּה how often ! (
b)
for how long ? Ps 35:17 כמה תראה,
Job 7:19.
d. לָ֫מָּה,
לָמָ֫ה (
לָמָ֫ה mostly before the gutturals
א,
ה,
ע and
׳י [i.e.
אֲדֹנָי], but twice besides,
Ps 42:10;
Ps 43:2 לָ֫מָּה also occurs before guttural, in five places noted by Masoretes on
Ps 43:2, namely
1Sam 28:15;
2Sam 2:22;
2Sam 14:31;
Ps 49:6;
Jer 15:18, and before
ךְ Gen 4:6;
2Sam 14:13;
2Sam 24:3;
Eccl 2:15),
לָ֫מָה Job 7:20,
לָ֫מֶה 1Sam 1:8 (3 t. in verse),
for what reason ? why? Gen 4:6 למה חרה לך why art thou angry ?
Gen 24:31, etc.; often strengthened by
זֶה (
זֶה 4 e),
Gen 18:13;
Gen 32:30 (=
Judg 13:18)
למה זה תשׁאל לשׁמי,
Judg 33:15;
Exod 2:20;
Exod 5:22;
Exod 17:3, etc.,
Jer 6:20;
Jer 20:18 +;
Gen 25:22 זה אנכי אם כן למהֿ if so,
why, then, am I ? (why do I continue to live ?); =
to what purpose (followed by
לִ person),
Gen 27:46 למה לי חיים,
Isa 1:11;
Jer 6:20;
Amos 5:18 למה זה ׳לכם יום י,
Job 30:2 in an indirect question,
1Sam 6:3;
Dan 10:20. Note especially
(
a) in expostulations,
Gen 12:18 למה לא הגדת לי why didst thou not tell me, etc. ? v
Gen 12:19;
Gen 29:25;
Gen 31:27;
Gen 42:1;
Gen 43:6;
1Sam 21:15;
1Sam 22:13;
1Sam 24:10;
Ps 22:2;
Ps 44:24;
Ps 44:25;
Ps 74:1;
Ps 74:11 + often;
(
b) with an imperfect, often deprecating, or introducing rhetorically, the reason why something should, or should not, be done,
why should . . .? 1Sam 19:5;
1Sam 19:17;
1Sam 20:8 but to thy father (emphatic)
למה זה תביאני,
why shouldst thou bring me ?
1Sam 20:32 מה עשׂה למה יומת why should he be put to death ?
2Sam 13:26;
2Sam 16:9;
2Sam 20:19;
2Kgs 14:10, etc.: in such cases, it approximates in meaning to
lest (compare Phoenician
CISi. 2, 21 יסגרינם אלנם לָםָ ne tradant eos dii), and is in
ᵐ5 often rendered by
μήποτε, as
Gen 27:45 למה אשׁכל why should I be bereaved, etc. ?
Exod 32:12 יאמרו מצרים למה Neh 6:3;
Ps 79:10;
Ps 115:2;
Eccl 7:16,
μή,
Jer 40:15,
ἵνα μή,
Gen 47:19;
2Sam 2:22;
2Chr 25:16;
Eccl 5:5;
Eccl 7:17, or
ὅπως μή,
Joel 2:17 (in
1Sam 19:17;
2Sam 13:26, paraph. by
εἰ μή); and, connected with the foregoing sentence by
אשׁר, or
שֶׁ, in late, or dialect., Hebrew it actually has that meaning,
Dan 1:10 אֲשֶׁר לָמָּה יִרְאֶה lest he see,
Song 1:7 שַׁלָּמָ֫ה אֶהְיֶה lest I become (so in Aramaic
לְמָה דִּי Ezra 7:23,
דִּילְמָא ᵑ7, Syriac
, both regularly =
lest).
e. עַדמָֿה (
Ps 4:3 עַדמֶֿה)
until when ? how long ? Num 24:22 (aposiop.),
Ps 4:3;
Ps 79:5;
Ps 89:47 in indirect question,
Ps 74:9 (compare
עד אנה,
עד מתי).
feminine עַלמָֿה, and
עַלמֶֿה,
upon what ? Job 38:6;
2Chr 32:10 upon what ground ? wherefore ? Num 22:32 עַלמָֿה הִכִּיתָ אֶתאֲֿתֹנְךָ,
Deut 29:23 (compare
1Kgs 9:8;
Jer 22:8),
Isa 1:5;
Jer 8:14;
Jer 9:11;
Jer 16:10;
Ezek 21:12;
Ps 10:13;
Job 13:14 (probably dittograph from v
Job 13:13);
עלמֿהזֿה Neh 2:4. In an indirect question,
Job 10:2 הוֺדִיעֻנִי עַל מַהתְּֿרִיבֻנִי,
Esth 4:5 לָדַעַת מַהזֶּֿה וְעַלמַֿהוֶּֿה.
BDB8356 H834 H7945 H4100
BDB8355 | BIBLICAL HEBREW | BDB8357
שֶׁ, also ( Gen 6:3 [? see 4 a], Judg 5:7 (twice in verse); Song 1:7; Job 19:29 [?]) שַּׁ , שָׁ in שָׁאַתָּה Judg 6:17, and שְׁ in שְׁהוּא Eccl 2:22, שְׁהֵם Eccl 3:18 (elsewhere before guttural שֶׁ, as שֶׁאֲנִי Song 1:6; Eccl 2:18, שֶׁאֵין Ps 146:3, שֶׁהֵם Song 6:5; Lam 4:9, שֶׁעַל Judg 7:12; Judg 8:26, שֶׁרּאֹשִׁי Song 5:2), relative particle who, which, that, etc. (constantly in Late Hebrew; Aramaic of Nerab, Ldzb371, 445; Assyrian sha; Phoenician אש (regularly), also sometimes ש (Ldzb227 f.): according to Ges Ew§ 181 b Olp. 439 Sta§ 176 e, abbreviated from אֲשֶׁר; more probably (Sperling [see אֲשֶׁר], Köii. 323 f.) an original demonstrative particle), synonym with אֲשֶׁר, but in usage limited to late Hebrew, and passages with north Palestinian colouring, namely Judg 5:7 (twice in verse) [אֲשֶׁר vJudg 5:27], Judg 6:17; Judg 7:12; Judg 8:26; 2Kgs 6:11 (see 4 c), Jonah 1:7; Jonah 1:12; Jonah 4:10 [אֲשֶׁר 11 t.], Ps 122:3; Ps 122:4; Ps 123:2; Ps 124:1; Ps 124:2; Ps 124:6; Ps 129:6; Ps 129:7; Ps 133:2; Ps 133:3; Ps 135:2; Ps 135:8; Ps 135:10; Ps 136:23; Ps 137:8; Ps 137:9; Ps 144:15; Ps 146:3; Ps 146:5; Lam 2:15; Lam 2:16; Lam 4:9; Lam 5:18; Ezra 8:20; 1Chr 5:20; 1Chr 27:27 Canticles (uniformly, except in title Song 1:1); Ecclesiastes (68 t.; אֲשֶׁא 89 t.); also (dubious) Gen 6:3; Gen 49:10 (שֶׁלֹּה ᵐ5 ᵑ6 ᵑ7), Job 19:29 and in the proper name (q. v.) מִישָׁאֵל and מְתוּשָׁאֵל. — In usage, שֶּׁ is in the main parallel with אֲשֶׁר, namely 1. as
pronoun who, which, whom,
Judg 7:12 כַּהוֺל שֶׁעַל שְׂפַת הַיָּם (compare
חוֺל c),
Ps 122:3;
Ps 124:6 etc.;
him whom, that which, etc.,
Song 1:7;
Song 3:1;
1Chr 27:27;
Eccl 1:11;
Eccl 6:3 וְרַב שֶׁיִּהְיוּ יְמֵי חַיָּיו and much (verb) is
that which his days amount to (
Hi De and others), v
Eccl 6:10 הוּא שֶּׁ that which Eccl 1:9 (twice in verse); in the genitive,
אַשְׁרֵי שֶּׁ Ps 137:8;
Ps 137:9;
Ps 146:5. — On
מַהשֶּּֿׁ in Eccl =
whatever, what, see
מָה 1 e b. 3.as a
conjunction (compare
אֲשֶׁר 8); —
a. that, after
רָאָה Eccl 2:13;
Eccl 3:18,
יָרַע Eccl 1:17;
Eccl 2:14;
Eccl 9:5;
Job 19:19 (?),
דִּבֶּר Eccl 2:15,
אָמַר Eccl 8:14,
עָשָׂה אוֺת Judg 6:17 as subject of sentence,
Eccl 3:13;
Eccl 5:15 also in the phrases,
(a) what is ... that ? Song 5:9 (usually
כִּי; see
מָךְ 1 d b),
מֶה הָיָה שֶּׁ how comes it
that ... ? Eccl 7:10 (
b)
Song 3:4 כִּמְעַט שֶׁעָבַרְתּת מֵהֶם hardly (was it)
that (German
kaum dass) I had passed, etc.,
Eccl 7:14 עַל דִּדבְרַת שֶׁלּאֹ יִמְצָא to the intent
that ...,
Eccl 5:15 כָּלעֻֿמַּת שֶׁבֶּא exactly
as ...,
Eccl 12:9 תֵר שֶׁ besides
that,
עַד שֶּׁ (
עַד ּ Judg 5:7) until
that Ps 123:2;
Song 2:7;
Song 2:17 + (see III.
עַד II 1 a a and
b; compare Late Hebrew
Yoma Song 5:1),
while Song 1:12 (ib.
2 d);
עָשָׂהשֶּׁ to make or cause
that ...,
Eccl 3:14 (compare
Ezek 36:27).
b. involving a reason (compare
אֲשֶׁר 8 c),
because, since,
Song 1:6 (twice in verse);
Song 5:2;
Eccl 2:18 b. Hence
שֵׁלָּמָה Song 1:7 since why ? = lest (see
מָה 4 d b).
4. compounds:
a. בְּשֶּׁ , i. q.
בַּאֲשֶׁר c (p. 84a)
in that, seeing that,
Eccl 2:16 also (according to
ᵑ0 ᵐ5 ᵑ6 Hu
De)
Gen 6:3 בְּשַׁגַּם הוּא בָשָׂר because that he also is flesh; but see
שָׁגַג.
b. כּשֶּׁ , i. q.
כַּאֲשֶׁר p. 455: —
(a) according as Eccl 5:14;
Eccl 12:7 (b) when (so often in Late Hebrew, as
Ab Eccl 1:8 (3 t. in verse);
Eccl 1:14)
Eccl 9:12;
Eccl 10:3.
c. מִשֶּּׁ , i. q.
מֵאֲשֶׁר a (p. 84:a),
2Kgs 6:12 מִי מִשֶּׁלָּנוּ who of
those that are ours ? (but
Klo KmpKau Benz מְגַלֵּנוּ who
betrays us ? compare
ᵐ5);
Eccl 5:4 than that (compare
מֵאֲשֶׁר Eccl 3:22), +
Eccl 2:24 (read
מִשֶּׁיּאֹכַל with
Ew De, etc.; compare
Eccl 3:22).
d. שֶׁל, like
אֲשֶׁרלְ (
אֲשֶׁר 7 b),
a mark of the genitive: thrice, adding slight emphasis to the suffix, Song 1:6 = Song 8:12 כַּרְמִי שֶׁלִּי my vineyard (literally my vineyard, which is mine), Song 3:7 מִטָּתוֺ שֶׁלִּשְׁלֹמֹה (so often in Late Hebrew, but without any special emphasis, as Aboth Song 1:12 הֲוֵי מתלמידיווּ שׁלאֿהרן be of Aaron's disciples, Song 2:1 שְׂכָרָן שֶׁלמִֿצְוֺת, vSong 2:2; Song 3:2 הֲוֵי מתפלל בשׁלומהּ שׁלמֿלכות; compare in Syriac, as Luke 6:42 my words, Nö§ 225). And with בְּ, בְּשֶׁל literally through that which belongs to or concerns, pleonastic for on account of (a late, unidiomatic translation of Aramaic בְּרִיל, from בְּ, דִּי, and לְ, as in Onk Gen 12:13 בדילי on my account, Gen 30:27; Gen 39:5 בְּדִיל יוֺסֵף, בְּדִיל מָא on account of what ? Judg 8:1; 2Sam 9:1; 1Kgs 11:12; 1Kgs 11:39, etc.), Jonah 1:7 בְּשֶׁלְּמִי on account of whom ? (|| vJonah 1:8 בַּאֲשֶׁר לְמִי; probably a gloss), vJonah 1:12 בְּשֶׁלִּי an account of me (ᵑ7 בְּדִיל מַן, בְּדִילִי); Eccl 8:17 בְּשֶׁל אֲשֶׁר יַעֲמֹל הָאָדָם לְבַקֵּשׁ on account of (the fact) that (= seeing that) man labours, etc. (unidiomatic translation of Aramaic בְּדִיל דְּ because that, as Gen 6:3 בְּדִיל דְּאִינוּן בִּסְרָא, Gen 39:9 בְּרִיל דְּאַתְּ אִיתְּתֵיהּ [for Hebrew בַּאֲשֶׁר אַתְּ אִשְׁתּוֺ]; Palmyrene בדיל די Ldzb233, — in Tariff Gen 1:4 (CookeN. Semitic Inscr. 320) = ἐπειδή).
[שֹׁא] see [ שׁוֺא].
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BDB9651 | BIBLICAL ARAMAIC | BDB9653
מָה (מָא Ezra 6:8) pronoun interrogative and indefinite what? (Biblical Hebrew מָה; Nabataean מה; Zinjirli מ; ᵑ7 מא; Syriac ; Arabic : compare WCG 124 f.); — 2. whatever, what (compare Biblical Hebrew
1 b end)
Dan 2:22 ידע מח בחשׁוכא knoweth
what is in darkness,
Ezra 6:9: so
מָה דִּי (compare
דִּי 1 b: so Nabataean; Palmyrene
מא די,
מדי,
Lzb306 Cooke320, 332)
Dan 2:28;
Dan 2:29 (twice in verse);
Dan 2:45;
Ezra 6:8 למא די תעבדון with regard to
what ye shall do,
Ezra 7:18 (=
whatsoever).
3. with prefixes:
a. כְּמָה how! Dan 3:33 (twice in verse).
b. לְמָה why? (compare Biblical Hebrew
לָמָּה)
Ezra 4:22 be not slack herein:
why should damage grow, etc., virtually =
lest damage grow (
ᵐ5 μή ποτε),
Ezra 7:23 די למה להוא קצף for why should there be wrath ? =
lest [
ᵐ5 μή ποτε]
there be wrath (compare
ᵑ7 דִּילְמָא, Syriac
lest: and see
מָה 4 d b, p. 554:a).
c. עלמֿה wherefore?
Dan 2:15.