Psalms 28:9

הוֹשִׁ֤יעָ ה

הוֹשִׁ֤יעָ

Root word save, saved, saviour, help, delivered, …

ה

Suffix poetic ending — no change in meaning

Dictionary form: יָשַׁע · yaw-SHA

Verb — Hiphil, Imperative, second person masculine singular causative — "he made (someone) do" a command — try "___!" the built-in subject is "you"

In the KJV here: save

save ×29 to save ×13 saved ×10 and save ×8 help ×5 and we shall be saved ×4 i will save ×4 preserved ×4

More options

rescue — Vivid, concrete; ideal for urgent physical deliverance.

deliver — Broad and formal; suits covenantal or theological contexts.

save — Modernized KJV standard; still natural in most contexts.

liberate — Emphasizes freedom gained; good for oppression narratives.

protect — Stresses ongoing defense rather than a single act.

bring victory — Captures military or triumphant nuance of the root.

BDB3804 H3467

[יָשַׁע] verb Hiph`il deliver; Niph`al intransitive and pass. (Arabic be capacious, II. make wide, spacious, IV. make sufficient, V. VIII. be or live in abundance (see Dr^{1Sam 14:45}) Phoenician proper name ישע; Sabean יתֿע (royal epithet), proper name אליתֿע, יתֿעאל, עמיתֿע, e.g. Mordt^{ZMG 1876, 87}; 1893, 409. 416. 417, etc. (yet note strange equivalent, תַ = ); not in Aramaic; MI⁴ השעני he delivered me, 1Sam 1:3 (ב)משע deliverance, Sm and So, (but במת ClGann Dr); proper name, masculine משע 1Sam 1:1, also 1Sam 1:3 [4] Sm and So, but ישע deliverance, ClGann Dr) —

Niph`al Perfect 3 masculine נוֺשַׁע Deut 33:29; Isa 45:17 2 plural נוֺשַׁעְתֶּם Num 10:9 1 plural נוֺשָׁ֑עְנוּ Jer 8:20 Imperfect 3 masculine singular יִוָּשֵׁעַ Jer 30:7; Prov 28:18 + 1Sam 14:47 (for ᵑ0 יַרְשִׁיעַ) ᵐ5 We Klo Dr Kit Bu; 3 feminine singular תִּוָּשַׁע Jer 23:6; Jer 33:16 אִוָּשֵׁ֑עָה Ps 119:117; Jer 17:14 + 8 t. Imperfect; Imperative plural הִוָָּֽשְׁעוּ Isa 45:22 Participle נוֺשָׁע Ps 33:16; Zech 9:9 —

1. be liberated, saved (properly placed in freedom; compare for the figurative הִרְחִיב, מֶרְחָב), from external evils Prov 28:18, by God Isa 30:15; Isa 45:22; Isa 64:4; Jer 4:14; Jer 8:20; Jer 17:14; Jer 23:6; Jer 33:16; Ps 80:4; Ps 80:8; Ps 80:20; Ps 119:117; with מִן, Jer 30:7 מֵאֹיְבִים Num 10:9 (P), 2Sam 22:4 = Ps 18:4.

2. be saved in battle, victorious Zech 9:9; Ps 33:16 + 1Sam 14:47 see above; עַם נוֺשַׁע ביהוה Deut 33:29 a people victorious in ׳י (poem), compare Isa 45:17. Hiph`il Perfect 3 masculine singular הוֺשִׁעַ 1Sam 9:16; Ps 20:7 הוֺשִׁעַ Zech 12:7 suffix הוֺשִׁיעוֺ Ps 34:7 1 singular הוֺשַׁעְתִּי Isa 43:12 + 4 t., + 14 t. Perfect; Imperfect יְהוֺשִׁיעַ 1Sam 17:47 (see Dr) Ps 116:6 יוֺשִׁיעַ Isa 45:20 + 6 t.; וְישַׁע (jussive) Prov 20:22 וַיּוֺשַׁע Exod 14:30 + 7 t.; וַיּשַׁע 1Sam 23:5 + 2 t.; suffix יוֺשִׁיעֲךָ Hos 13:10 יוֺשִׁיעֶנּוּ Isa 46:7 ישִׁעֵנוּ 1Sam 10:27 ישַׁעֲכֶם Isa 35:4 (jussive, Dr^{§ 47. n. 4}), etc.; Imperative הוֺשַׁע Jer 31:7; Ps 86:2 הוֺשִׁיעָה 2Kgs 6:26 + 8 t.; הוֺשִׁעָה 2Sam 14:4 + 19 t. Imperative; Infinitive absolute הוֺשֵׁעַ 1Sam 25:26 + 2 t.; construct הוֺשִׁיעַ 1Sam 14:6 + 14 t. + 2Sam 3:18 (where read אוֺשִׁיעַ Vrss. Ke We Klo Dr Bu and others), + 7 t. Infinitive; Participle מוֺשִׁיעַ Deut 22:27 + 21 t.; suffix מוֺשִׁיעָם Ps 106:21 + 8 t. suffix; plural מוֺשִׁיעִים Obad 1:21; Neh 9:27 —

1. deliver, save (properly give width and breadth to, liberate), in peril, with accusative of person or location Exod 2:17 (E) Judg 6:31; 1Sam 23:2; 1Sam 23:5; 2Sam 10:19 = 1Chr 19:19; 2Kgs 6:27 (twice in verse); Ps 36:7; Ps 72:18; Job 26:2 with לְ person Josh 10:6 (E) Deut 22:27; Judg 10:14; 2Sam 10:11 = 1Chr 19:12 (with accusative), Jer 11:12 (twice in verse); Ps 72:4; Ps 116:6 absolute הוֺשִׁיעָה הַמֶּלֶךְ Help, O king 2Sam 14:4; 2Kgs 6:26. Specifically save, from evils and troubles :
a. of heroic men, saving the nation in war Judg 3:31; Judg 6:15; Judg 10:1; 1Sam 10:27; Hos 13:10; Jer 14:9 these are named מוֺשִׁיעַ saviour Judg 3:9; Judg 3:15; 2Kgs 13:5; Isa 19:20; Obad 1:21; Neh 9:27 phrase when they are lacking אֵין מוֺשִׁיעַ Judg 12:3; 1Sam 11:3; 2Sam 22:42 = Ps 18:42; Deut 28:29; Deut 28:31; Isa 47:15 they save מִיַּד from the hand of Judg 2:16; Judg 8:22; Judg 12:2; Judg 13:5; 1Sam 9:16; Neh 9:27 מכף Judg 6:14; 1Sam 4:3; 2Kgs 16:7.
b. of God, who saves his people from external evils Deut 20:4; Josh 22:22; Judg 3:9; Judg 6:36; Judg 6:37; Judg 7:7; Judg 10:13; 1Sam 14:23; 1Sam 14:39; 2Kgs 14:27; 2Kgs 19:34 = Isa 37:35; Isa 25:9; Isa 33:22; Isa 35:4; Isa 43:12; Isa 49:25; Isa 63:9; Jer 31:7; Ezek 34:22; Hos 1:7 (twice in verse); Hab 1:2; Zeph 3:17; Zeph 3:19; Zech 8:7; Zech 8:13; Zech 9:16; Zech 10:6; Zech 12:7; Ps 28:9; Ps 69:36; Ps 106:8; Ps 118:25; 2Chr 20:9 or the pious among them Isa 38:20; Jer 2:27; Jer 17:14; Ps 3:8; Ps 6:5; Ps 7:2; Ps 31:17; Ps 54:3; Ps 55:17; Ps 57:4; Ps 69:2; Ps 71:2; Ps 71:3; Ps 106:47 = 1Chr 16:35; Ps 109:26; Ps 119:94; Ps 119:146; Ps 138:7; Prov 20:22 and especially the king Ps 20:7; Ps 20:10 David 2Sam 8:5; 2Sam 8:14 thy servant Ps 86:2; Ps 86:16 חסיד Ps 12:2 דַּכְּאֵירֿוּחַ Ps 34:19 צדיקים Ps 37:40 חוֺסִים Ps 17:7 ׳יראי י Ps 145:19 עם עני Ps 18:28 = 2Sam 22:28 עַנְוֵיאֶֿרֶץ Ps 76:10 ישׁרי לב Ps 7:11 שַׁח עֵינַיִם Job 22:29 accordingly God is מוֺשִׁיעַ saviour Isa 43:11; Isa 45:15; Isa 45:21; Isa 63:8; Hos 13:4 משִׁעִי 2Sam 22:3 מוֺשִׁיעָם Ps 106:21 מוֺשִׁיעוֺ Jer 14:8 מוֺשִׁיעֲךָ Isa 43:3; Isa 49:26; Isa 60:16; Jer 30:10 = Jer 46:27 is with his people לְהוֺשִׁיעַ Jer 15:20; Jer 30:11; Jer 42:11 רַב לְהוֺשִׁיעַ Isa 63:1 בֵּית מְצוּדוֺת לְהוֺשִׁיעֵנִי Ps 31:3 Israel prays הוֺשִׁיעָה יְמִינְךָ O save with thy right hand Ps 60:7 = Ps 108:7, compare Isa 59:1 that from which one is saved construction with מִיַּד ׃מִן Exod 14:30 (J) Judg 2:18; Judg 10:12; 1Sam 7:8; 2Sam 3:18; 2Kgs 19:19 = Isa 37:20; Ps 106:10; 2Chr 32:22 מֵחָמָס 2Sam 22:3 מֵחֶרֶב Job 5:15: מִכָּלצָֿרוֺת Ps 34:7 מִכָּלרָֿעוֺת 1Sam 10:19 מִצָּרֵינוּ Ps 44:8 מִפִּי אַרְיֵה Ps 22:22 מִשֹּׁפְטֵי נַפְשׁוֺ Ps 109:31 מֵאַנְשֵׁי דָמִים Ps 59:3 מִמְּצוּקוֺת Ps 107:13; Ps 107:19.
c. there is no other salvation, the sword saves not Psalm Ps 44:7, or a nation Lam 4:17, or astrologers Isa 47:13, or Asshur Hos 14:4, or other gods Isa 45:20; Isa 46:7; Jer 2:28.

2. save from moral troubles, only in Ezekiel. מִכֹּל מוֺשְׁבֹתֵיחֶם (read, with Co Da and others, מְשׁוּבוֺתֵיהֶם) Ezek 37:23 מִכֹּל טֻמְאוֺתֵיכֶם Jer 36:29.

3. give victory to:
a. of man, with לְ person, give victory to, with agent subject יַד Judg 7:2; 1Sam 25:26; 1Sam 25:33, יַד om. v1Sam 25:31 יַמִין Job 40:14 זְרוֺעַ Ps 44:4.
b. of God, with לְ person, subject יָמִין Ps 98:1 זְרוֺעַ Isa 59:16; Isa 63:5 Yahweh 1Chr 18:6, with accusative v1Chr 18:13 absolute gain victory 1Sam 14:6; 1Sam 17:47 וַיּוֺשַׁע תְּשׁוּעָה גְדוֺלָה 1Chr 11:14.

save, saved, saviour, help, delivered, …

yāšaʿ

properly, to be open, wide or free, i.e., (by implication) to be safe; causatively, to free or succor

to save, be saved, be delivered

(Niphal)

to be liberated, be saved, be delivered

to save, deliver

אֶת

Particle points to the object of the verb — leave untranslated

Dictionary form: אֵת · ate

Particle — Direct Object Marker

and ×240 of ×109 him ×107 them ×73 with ×72 from ×64 you ×61 me ×54

More options

[direct object marker — untranslated] — Most common use; marks definite direct object, no English equivalent.

with — Use when אֵת expresses accompaniment or association.

from — Use when context implies source or separation.

along with — Emphasizes inclusion or togetherness in a list.

together with — Slightly more formal; stresses joint participation.

among — Use when indicating presence within a group.

BDB853 H853

I. אֵת, with makk. אֶתֿ, with suffix אֹתִי; אֹתְךָ, אֹתְכָה Num 22:33, אֹתָ֑ךְ, אֹתָ֑כָה Exod 29:35, feminine אֹתָךְ; אֹתוֺ etc.; 2 plural אֶתְכֶם, once אוֺתְכֶם Josh 23:15 3 masculine plural regularly אֹתָם, rarely אֶתְהֶם Gen 32:1; Exod 18:20; Num 21:3; Ezek 34:12; 1Chr 6:50, once אוֺתְהֶם Ezek 23:45 3 feminine plural, on the contrary, regularly אֶתְהֶן (13 t.), once אֹתָן Ezek 16:54 (also אוֺתְהֶן Ezek 23:47, אֹתָ֖נָה Exod 35:26, אוֺתָ֖נָה Ezek 34:21); forms with cholem also often written plene: — the mark of the accusative, prefixed as a rule only to nouns that are definite (Moabite id., Phoenician אית i.e. אִיַּת (Schröd^{p. 213 f.}); Aramaic יָת frequently in ᵑ7; Syriac very rare as mark of accusative (for which is preferred), but used often in the sense of substance οὐσία, also in that of self, e.g. per se, reapse, sibi ipsi, PS^{1640 f.}, Samaritan ; Arabic , only used with suffix, when it is desired to emphasize the pronoun, e.g. Qor 1:4 W^{AG i. § 189.} [Ethiopic uses k£y¹ similarly, Di^{§ 150 a}; but it is dubious if this is etymologically akin.] The primitive form will have been 'iwyath, originally a substantive with following genitive, Ol^{p. 432}; whether ultimately a parallel development with אוֺת sign from √ אוה is uncertain: Ol W^{AG i. § 188} Lag^{M i. 226 affirm}, Nö^{ZMG 1886, 738 doubts. In Hebrew the ground-form is} אוֺת; the forms with ¢, e being abbreviated. In post Biblical Hebrew, used in combination with another preposition: thus בְּאוֺתוֺ הַיּוֺם = Bibl. בַּיּוֺם הַהוּא, בְּאוֺתָהּ הַשָּׁעָה; or as a nomin., e.g. אוֺתוֺ הָאִישׁ = Bibl. הָאִישׁ הַהוּא).

1. As mark of the accusative prefixed to substantives defined either by the article (or כֹּל), or by a genitive or pronominal affix, or in virtue of being proper names:
a. with transitive verbs, Gen 1:1; Gen 1:16; Gen 1:29; Gen 1:30; Gen 2:11; Gen 4:1; Gen 4:2; Gen 9:3 (אֶתֿכֹּל׃) etc. Similarly אֶתמִֿי whom (in particular), Josh 24:15; 1Sam 12:3; 1Sam 28:11; Isa 6:8 and elsewhere (but never אֶתמָֿה); also with זֶה Gen 29:33; Gen 44:29; 1Sam 21:16; 1Kgs 22:27 +, זֹאת Gen 29:27; 2Sam 13:27 +, אֵלֶּה Gen 46:18; Lev 11:18; Isa 49:21 +. So pretty uniformly in prose; but in poetry את is commonly dispensed with. By the use of את with the pronominal affix, a pronoun can at once, if required, be placed in a position of emphasis; let the order of words from this point of view be carefully noticed in the following passages: Gen 7:1; Gen 24:14; Gen 37:4; Lev 10:17; Lev 11:33; Num 22:32 thee I had slain, and her I had kept alive, Deut 4:14; Deut 6:13; Deut 6:23; Deut 13:5; Judg 14:3 אוֺתָהּ קַח לִי take for me her, 1Sam 14:35; 1Sam 15:1; 1Sam 18:17; 1Sam 21:10 אִםאֹֿתָהּ תִּקַּחלְֿךָ קָ֔ח if thou wilt take that, take it, 1Kgs 1:35; 1Kgs 14:9; Isa 43:22; Isa 57:11; Jer 9:2. So הַאוֺתִי Jer 5:22; Jer 7:19. It also sometimes enables the reflexive sense to be expressed (elsewhere נַפְשָׁם) Jer 7:19; Ezek 34:2. Rarely with a substantive which is undefined (Ew^{§ 277 d 2} Ges^{«GKC:117»§ 117}, 1, R. 2), as Exod 21:28; Num 21:9; Lev 20:14; 1Sam 24:6 (but see Dr) 2Sam 4:11; 2Sam 18:18; 2Sam 23:21 or which, though definite, is without the article, Gen 21:30; 2Sam 15:16; Lev 26:5; 1Sam 9:3 (so Num 16:15) Isa 33:19; Isa 41:7; Ezek 43:10 (for further examples see Ew 1.c.)
b. with a passive verb (Ges^{«GKC:121»§ 121}. 1 Ew^{§ 295 b}) conceived as expressing neutrally the action in question, and construed accordingly with an accusative of that which is its real object: examples occur with tolerable frequency from Gen 4:18 (J) וַיִּוָּלֵד לַחֲנוֺךְ אֶתעֿירָד, Gen 17:5 (P), לֹא יִקָּרֵא עוֺד אֶתשִֿׁמְךָ אַברָם there shall not be called (=one shall not call) thy name Abram, Gen 21:5 (E), Gen 27:42; 2Sam 21:11; 1Kgs 18:13; Hos 10:6 etc., to Jer 35:18; Jer 38:4; Jer 50:20; Ezek 16:4; Ezek 16:5; Esth 2:13 (compare Dr^{JPh xi. 227 f.}): also with passive verbs of filling (Ew^{§ 281 b}), as Exod 1:7 +.
c. with neuter verbs or expressions, especially such as involve the idea of regarding, or treating, appy. by a construction κατὰ σύνεσιν (rare), Josh 22:17; 2Sam 11:25; Neh 9:32 (compare 1Sam 20:13 Dr). Once after אֵין, Hag 2:17 אֵין אֶתְכֶם אֵלַיָֽ.
d. poet. (si vera lectio), after an abstract noun used with a verbal force, Hab 3:13 (Amos 4:11; Isa 13:19; Jer 50:40 מַהְפֵּכָה exerts a verbal force, like the Arabic nom. verbi [see W^{AG i. § 196, 43}]; and Num 10:2; Ezek 17:9 לְמַסַּע, לְמַשְׂאוֺת are Aramaizing infinitives: compare Ew^{§ 239 a}).

2. את marks an accusative in other relations than that of direct object to a verb:
a. with verbs of motion (very rare) Num 13:17; Deut 1:19; Deut 2:7 (to 'walk the wilderness'); denoting the goal Judg 19:18; Ezek 21:25 (Ew^{§ 281 d, n., 282 a 1}).
b. denoting time (duration), also very rare: Exod 13:7; Lev 25:22; Deut 9:25.
c. expressing the accus. of limitation (rare): Gen 17:11; Gen 17:14; 1Kgs 15:23.

3. Chiefly in an inferior or later style, אֵת (or וְאֵת) is used irregularly, partly (α), as it would seem, to give greater definiteness (so especially וְאֵת) at the mention of a new subject (when it may sometimes be rendered as regards), or through the influence of a neighbouring verb (a construct κατὰ σύνεσιν), or by an anacoluthon, partly (β) as resuming loosely some other preposition Thus (α) Exod 1:14; Num 3:26; Num 3:46; Num 5:10 (with הָיָה: so Ezek 35:10) Num 18:21b Deut 11:2 (anacoluthon), Deut 14:13; Josh 17:11; Judg 20:44; Judg 20:46 (contr. vJudg 20:25 vJudg 20:35) 1Sam 17:34 (see Dr) 1Sam 26:16; 2Sam 21:22; 2Kgs 6:5; Isa 53:8 (probably), Isa 57:12; Jer 23:33 (but read rather with ᵐ5 ᵑ9 אַתֶּם הַמַּשָּׂא) Jer 27:8; Jer 36:22; Jer 38:16 Kt, Jer 45:4 b Ezek 16:22; Ezek 17:21; Ezek 20:16; Ezek 29:4 b Ezek 43:7 (ᵐ5 Co prefix הֲרָאִיתָ) Ezek 44:3; Zech 8:17; Eccl 4:3; Dan 9:13; Neh 9:19; Neh 9:34; 1Chr 2:9; 2Chr 31:17. In 1Sam 30:23; Hag 2:5 probably some such word as remember is to be understood. (β) Jer 38:9; Ezek 14:22 b Ezek 37:19 b Zech 12:10 סָבִיב אֵת 1Kgs 6:5; Ezek 43:17 strangely (in 1 Kings ᵐ5 omits the clause: so Sta^{ZAW 1883, 135}). — In 1Kgs 11:1 וְ is merely and also, and especially (see וְ); v1Kgs 11:25 is corrupt (read with ᵐ5 זֹאת הָרָעָה אֲשֶׁר עָשָׂה הֲדָד); Ezek 47:17; Ezek 47:18; Ezek 47:19 read similarly for ואת, זֹאת: see vEzek 47:20. — For some particulars as to the use of את, see A. M. Wilson^{Hebraica. vi. 139 ff. 212 ff.} (who, however, confuses it sometimes with II. אֵת). For denoting the pronominal object of a verb, את with suffix preponderates relatively much above the verbal affix in P, as compared with J E Deuteronomy Judges Samuel Kings (see Gie^{ZAW 1881, 258 f.}), — partly, probably, on account of the greater distinctness and precision which P loves.

BDB9600 H853 H3487

יָת mark of accusative (= Biblical Hebrew I. אֵת; Palmyrene ית; Zinjirli^{Had. 28} with suffix ותה; Nabataean, Palmyrene with suffix יתה (Lzb²⁶³ Cooke¹⁷⁰; compare RÉS⁴⁶⁸); ᵑ7 Samaritan יָת; Syriac (rare)); — Dan 3:12 דִּי מַנִּיתָ יָָֽתְהוֺן whom thou hast appointed.

with, from, of, and, by, …

ʾēt

properly, self (but generally used to point out more definitely the object of a verb or preposition, even or namely)

sign of the definite direct object, not translated in English but generally preceding and indicating the accusative

עַמֶּ ֗ךָ

עַמֶּ

Root word people, nations, nation, peoples, folk, …

֗ךָ

Suffix — pronoun your / you (one man)

Dictionary form: עַם · am

Noun — Common, masculine singular, construct state "___ of …" — bound to the next word

In the KJV here: thy people

the people ×572 people ×220 of the people ×150 my people ×113 and the people ×110 his people ×78 thy people ×58 of my people ×50

More options

people — Most versatile rendering; fits collective and singular contexts.

nation — Emphasizes ethnic or political identity as a unified group.

community — Highlights shared belonging; good for social or covenant contexts.

population — Neutral, demographic tone; useful for census or mass-movement passages.

folk — Informal, grassroots feel; suits ordinary or rural settings.

crowd — Best for gathered assemblies rather than an ongoing social group.

BDB6144 H5971 H5993

I. עַם, עָם₁₈₄₀ noun masculine^{Gen 11:6} (see below) people (Late Hebrew id., plebeian, common man; ᵑ7 עַמָּא people, plural peoples, tribes, etc.; Syriac ; Arabic see above; original meaning probably those united, connected, related, compare We^{GGN 1893, 480}); — absolute עַם Gen 11:6 +, עָם Judg 9:36 +, הָעָם Josh 8:11 +; construct עַם Num 21:29 +; suffix עַמִּי Exod 3:7 +, עַמְּךָ Exod 22:27 +, etc.; plural עַמִּים Isa 2:3 +, עֲמָמִים (compare Biblical Aramaic) Neh 9:22 construct עַמֵּי 1Kgs 8:43 +, עַמְמֵי Neh 9:24 plural with suffix see II. עַם; — (Thes cites following as feminine וְחָטָאת עַמֶּ֑ךָ Exod 5:16 [but corrupt and unintellig.; read perhaps ׳וְחַטָאתָ לְע, so ᵐ5 ᵑ6 Di]; Judg 18:7 [but ישֶׁבֶת must agree with lost word city, or the like, see GFM]; Jer 8:5 [but read שׁוֺבַב for שׁוֺבְבָה Gie]); —

1. a people, nation (sometimes || גּוֺי), collective noun (singular Exod 21:8; Josh 17:14; Josh 17:15; Josh 17:17; 2Sam 17:29 + often, or plural Exod 20:15; Exod 24:2; Jer 5:31 + often, or both in same clause Exod 1:20; 2Sam 13:24): עַם אֶחָד = all mankind Gen 11:6 (J); peoples in general Gen 27:29 (J; || לְאֻמִּים), Exod 19:5 (E), Deut 2:25; Deut 4:6 + often Deuteronomy; Neh 13:24 + often; קְהַל עַמִּים Gen 28:3 (P) an assembly (multitude) of peoples, Gen 48:4 (P), Ezek 23:24; Ezek 32:3 (+ רַבִּים); one's own people Jer 46:16; Ps 45:11; Ruth 1:10; Ruth 1:15; Ruth 1:16 (twice in verse) + (on עַמִּי נָדִיב Song 6:12 see especially Bu); particular peoples, Egypt Gen 41:40 (E), Exod 1:22 (E), Neh 9:10 +; עַםאֲֿרָם Amos 1:5 עַםכְּֿמוֺשׁ (i.e. Moab) Num 21:29 (JE), Jer 48:46 but especially Israel Exod 1:20 (E) + often; ׳עַםבְּֿנֵי יִשׂ vExod 1:9 (J); called יהוה ׳ע Num 11:29 (E), 1Sam 2:24 +, and (by ׳י) עַמִּי Exod 3:7; Exod 5:1 (J) + often (all periods); קְהַל עַםהָֿאֱלֹהִים Judg 20:2, עַםהַֿקָּהָל Lev 16:33 (P), קְהַל עָם Ps 107:32 especially הָעָם הַזֶּה (often in contempt or disgust) Num 11:1; Num 11:12; Num 11:13 +; figurative of ants Prov 30:25, the shaphan vProv 30:26, locusts Joel 2:2, compare לְעַם לְצִיִּים Ps 74:14 (where read לְעַם צִיִּים Hup-Now). — On Judg 1:16 see עֲמָלֵקִי.

2. = smaller units, e.g.
a. inhabitants of a city Gen 19:4 (J), 1Sam 9:12; 1Sam 9:13; Jer 29:16; Jer 29:25; 2Chr 31:4 + (Jer 8:5 strike out ׳יְרוּוּשׁ ᵐ5 Gie Co Rothst).
b. inhabitants of a locality Jer 37:12 [apparently not = tribe, Deut 33:3 read עַמּוֺ ᵐ5 Di Dr, Hos 10:14; Judg 5:8; Judg 5:14 read בְּעָרֶיךָ We Now; see below ד].
c. retainers, followers Gen 14:16; Gen 32:8; Gen 33:15; Gen 35:6; Judg 3:18; Judg 8:5; 2Sam 15:17; Jer 41:13; Jer 41:14 +.
d. people bearing arms 1Sam 11:11; 1Kgs 20:10 +; כָּבֵד ׳ע Num 20:20 (JE), i.e. a powerful force; עַם הַצָּבָא Num 31:32 (P), הַמִּלְחָמָה ׳ע Josh 8:1; Josh 8:3; Josh 8:11; Josh 10:7; Josh 11:7 (all J E); so probably Judg 5:8 a (fighting) band; perhaps also vJudg 5:14 (read singular ? see GFM Bu).

3. = common people Jer 21:7; Jer 22:4; Lev 4:27 (opposed to ruler vLev 4:22), Neh 5:1 (opposed to יְהוּדִים), Neh 7:5 (opposed to rulers).

4. people in general, persons Gen 50:20 (E), so apparently ׳כָּלהָֿעָם אֲשֶׁר וגו Exod 33:16 (J), Num 11:34 (J), Josh 5:5 (twice in verse) (D), Judg 9:36 (as singular), vJudg 9:37 (as plural), Jer 36:9 persons labouring 1Kgs 9:23 superior persons Job 12:2 (iron.); עַם עוֺלָם Ezek 26:30 people of long ago (now in Sh®°ôl).

5. phrases are:
a. (עַמָּהּ, עַמִּי, עַמְּךָ) בְּנֵי עַמּוֺ members of one's people, compatriots, fellow-countrymen, etc. Num 22:5 (E), Gen 23:11 (P) Lev 19:18 (H), Judg 14:16; Judg 14:17; Ezek 33:2; Ezek 33:12 +.
b. בְּנֵי הָעָם = common people (see 3) 2Kgs 23:6; Jer 26:23 +; people in general שַׁעַר בְּנֵי הָעָם Jer 17:19 i.e. public gate 2Chr 35:5; 2Chr 35:12.
c. עַם הָאָרֶץ the people at large, as a body 2Kgs 11:14; 2Kgs 11:18; 2Kgs 11:19; 2Kgs 11:20; 2Kgs 15:5; 2Kgs 16:15; 2Kgs 21:24 (twice in verse) +, Jer 37:2; Jer 44:21; Lev 20:2 (H), Gen 23:7; Gen 23:12; Gen 23:13 (P); common people Jer 34:19, compare ׳הא ׳דַּלַּת ע 2Kgs 24:14 distinguished from prince Ezek 45:22; Ezek 46:3; Ezek 46:9, from priests Hag 2:4; Zech 7:5 = Canaanites Num 14:9 (JE), compare עַמֵּי הָאָרֶץ 1Chr 5:25 mixed post-exile population Ezra 4:4.
d. עַמֵּי הָאָרֶץ usually peoples of the earth Josh 4:24 (D), 2Chr 32:19 +; of heathen peoples about and in Palestine after exile Ezra 10:2; Ezra 10:11 traders Neh 10:31 עַמֵּי הָאֲרָצוֺת Neh 9:30; Neh 10:29; 2Chr 32:13.
e. מִשְׁפְּחוֺת עַמִּים Ps 96:7 = 1Chr 16:28 (compare Ps 22:28). feminine בַּתעַֿמִּי = people personified Isa 22:4; Jer 4:11 + 7 t. Jeremiah + Jer 6:14 (van d. H.; omit בַּת Baer Gi), Lam 2:11; Lam 3:48; Lam 4:3; Lam 4:6; Lam 4:10 בְּתוּלַת בַּתעַֿמִּי Jer 14:17.
g. designations of Israel are: עַםקָֿרוֺשׁ Deut 7:6 + 3 t., קְדוֺשִׁים ׳ע Dan 8:24, (ה)קֹדֶשׁ ׳ע Isa 62:12; Isa 63:18; Dan 12:7 סְגֻלָּה ׳ע Deut 7:6; Deut 14:2; Deut 26:18.
h. of foreign (non-Israel) peoples: ׳ע נָכְרִי Exod 21:8 (E), אַחֵר ׳ע Deut 28:32, and especially from language, עִמְקֵי שָׂפָה ׳ע Ezek 3:5 compare vEzek 3:6, כִּלְשׁוֺן עַם וָעָם Neh 13:24 compare Esth 1:22 (twice in verse); Esth 3:12, לֹעֵג ׳ע Ps 114:1.
i. עַם עֶבְרָתִי Isa 10:6, חֶרְמִי ׳ע Isa 34:11, מִֿבְחָרָיו׳ע Dan 11:15, עַמֵּי תּוֺעֵבוֺת הָאֵלֶּה Ezra 9:14 לֹא עַם בִּינוֺת Isa 27:11. — For עַםעֿוֺלָם Isa 44:7 read (אֹתִיּוֺת) (מִי הִשְׁמִי)עַ מֵעוֺלָם Oort Du Kit Che^Hpt compare Perles^{Anal. 40, 64}.

BDB6147 H5971

II. [עַם] noun [masculine] kinsman

**later development of I. עַם RS^{K 58; 2nd ed. 72}. (on father's side) (Arabic paternal uncle, etc., see I. עמם; compare perhaps Tel Amarna ammu, kinsmen (?); on Nabataean עם ancestor compare Lzb^{151, 499}; see also especially Nes^{Eg 187, ZAW xvi (1896), 322f.} Krenkel^{ib. viii (1888), 280-84}); — suffix עַמִּי in בֶּןעַֿמִּי (q. v.), and proper name following; elsewhere plural suffix עַמֶּיךָ Num 27:13; Num 31:2 (Lev 19:16 read עַמְּךָ ᵐ5 ⅏), + (possibly) עֲמָָמֶיךָ Judg 5:14 עַמָּיו Gen 25:8 + 15 t., עַמֶּיהָ Gen 17:14 + 3 t.; read עַמֶּי (for ᵑ0 עַמִּי, I. עַם; compare Krenkel^{l.c. 281}) Gen 49:29 and perhaps Judg 14:3 (compare Lev 21:14); according to Buhl Kit also 2Kgs 4:13 — father's kinsmen: וַיֵּאָסֵף אֶלעַֿמָּיו Gen 25:8 (of joining kinsmen in Sh®°ôl), so vGen 25:17; Gen 35:29; Gen 49:33; Num 20:24; Deut 32:50, compare Gen 49:29 (see above), Num 27:13; Num 31:2; Deut 32:50 (all P); וְנִכְרְתָה הַנֶּפֶשׁ מֵעַמֶּיהָ Gen 17:4 (severed from living kinsmen), so Lev 7:20; Lev 7:21; Lev 7:23; Lev 7:27; Lev 19:8; Lev 23:29; Num 9:13, מִקֶּרֶב עַמֶּיהָ Exod 31:14, compare Exod 30:33; Exod 30:38; Lev 17:9 (all PH); מֵעַמָּיו יִקַּח אִשָּׁה Lev 21:14 (H), and perhaps Judg 14:3 (simile I. עַם: [םָ֯, הָּ֯] מִקֶּרֶב עַמּוֺ Lev 17:4; Lev 17:10; Lev 18:29+); other combinations Judg 5:14 (si vera lectio read perhaps בְּעַמֶּ֑ךָ, see I. עַם 2 d ), Lev 21:1; Lev 21:4; Lev 21:15 (H), Ezek 18:18 and (perhaps) 2Kgs 4:13. — בֶּןעַֿמִּי perhaps = son of my kinsman; on proper name with עַם see Gray^{Prop. N. 41 ff}.

BDB9776 H5971 H5972

עַם noun masculine^{Ezra 6:12} people (see Biblical Hebrew I. עמם, עַם); — ׳ע absolute Dan 2:44; Dan 3:29; Ezra 6:12, construct Dan 7:27 emphatic עַמָּה Ezra 5:12, עַמָּא Ezra 7:13; Ezra 7:16; Ezra 7:25 plural emphatic עַמֲמַיָּא (K^{§§ 15d}); 55, 5 a)) Dan 3:4; Dan 3:7 (twice in verse); Dan 3:31; Dan 5:19; Dan 6:26; Dan 7:14.

people, nations, nation, peoples, folk, …

ʿam

a people (as a congregated unit); specifically, a tribe (as those of Israel); hence (collectively) troops or attendants; figuratively, a flock

nation, people

people, nation

וּ בָרֵ֥ךְ

וּ

Prefix — connector and (sometimes: but, so, then)

בָרֵ֥ךְ

Root word blessed, bless, blesseth, salute, blessest, …

Dictionary form: בָּרַךְ · baw-RAHK

Verb — Piel, Imperative, second person masculine singular intensive — "he really / thoroughly did" a command — try "___!" the built-in subject is "you"

In the KJV here: and bless

blessed ×69 and blessed ×28 bless ×28 hath blessed ×8 and bless ×7 be blessed ×7 to bless ×5 and he blessed ×4

More options

bless — Core meaning; fits divine and human blessing contexts.

praise — Use when the recipient is God or a deity.

honor — Suits formal, relational, or social blessing contexts.

greet — Fits salutation or farewell uses of the root.

kneel — Literal physical posture sense; rare but attested.

congratulate — Informal register; suited to human celebratory contexts.

BDB1330 H1288 H1263

[בָּרַךְ]₃₂₉ verb kneel, bless (Late Hebrew id.; Arabic ; Ethiopic : Aramaic בְּרֵךְ (praise), Palmyrene especially in בריך שמו לעלמא Vog^{Palm. 74 ff.} compare 94, 144) —

Qal Imperfect יִבְּרַךְ 2Chr 6:13 נִבְרְכָה Ps 95:6 בָּרוֺךְ (see Pi`el); Passive participle בָּרוּךְ Gen 9:26 + 70 t.; —

1. kneel down (so Arabic, Syriac, Ethiopic): וַיִּבְרַךְ עַלבִּֿרְכָּיו and he kneeled upon his knees 2Chr 6:13 ׳נִבְרְכָה לפני י let us kneel before Yahweh Ps 95:6.

2. bless (only passive participle).
a. of God: ׳בָּרוּךְ י blessed be (or is) ׳י Exod 18:10 (E) Gen 9:26; Gen 24:27 (J) Ruth 4:14; 1Sam 25:32: 1Sam 25:39; 2Sam 18:28; 1Kgs 1:48; 1Kgs 5:21; 1Kgs 8:51; 1Kgs 8:56; 1Kgs 10:9; 1Chr 16:36; 1Chr 29:10; 2Chr 2:11; 2Chr 6:4; 2Chr 9:8; Ps 28:6; Ps 31:22; Ps 41:14; Ps 72:18; Ps 89:53; Ps 106:48; Ps 119:12; Ps 124:6; Ps 135:21; Ps 144:1; Zech 11:5 אלהים ׳ב Ps 66:20; Ps 68:36 אדני ׳ב Ps 68:20 (probably for an original יהוה); אל עליון ׳ב Gen 14:20 (E); צוּרִי ׳ב 2Sam 22:47 (= Ps 18:47); ׳כבוד י ׳ב Ezek 3:12 שׁם ׳ב כבודו Ps 72:19.
b. of men: Gen 27:33 (J) Num 22:12 (E) Deut 7:14; Deut 28:3; Deut 28:6; Deut 33:20; Deut 33:24; 1Sam 25:33; 1Sam 26:25; Judg 17:2; 1Kgs 2:45; Ps 118:26; Isa 19:25; Jer 17:7; Jer 20:14 מברכך ברוך blessed be the one blessing thee Gen 27:29; Num 24:9 (E); ליהוה ׳ב Ruth 2:19; Ruth 2:20; Ruth 3:10; 1Sam 15:13; 1Sam 23:21; 2Sam 2:5; Ps 115:15 לאל עליון ׳ב Gen 14:19 ׳בְּרוּךְ י Gen 24:31; Gen 26:29 (J); ׳בְּרוּכֵי י Isa 65:23.
c. things: בָּרוּךְ פרי בטנך blessed be the fruit of thy womb Deut 28:4 compare Deut 28:5; 1Sam 25:33; Prov 5:18. Niph`al Perfect נִבְרְכוּ Gen 12:3; Gen 18:18; Gen 28:14 (J) bless oneself (compare Hithpa`el). Pi`el₂₃₃ Perfect בֵּרַךְ Gen 24:1 + 29 t.; בֵּרֵךְ Ps 10:3; Num 23:20 בֵּרְכוּ 2Chr 20:26 וּבֵרֲכוּ Job 1:5 suffix בֵּרֲכוֺ, בֵּרֲכַּנִי, etc., Gen 27:27 + 5 t.; בֵּרַכְךָ Deut 2:7 + 9 t.; Imperfect יְבָרֵךְ, וַיְּבֶ֫רֶךְ etc., Gen 28:3 + 52 t.; אֲבָֽרֲכָה Gen 12:3 + 2 t.; plural יְבָֽרֲכוּ Gen 24:60 + 11 t.; suffix יְבָרֶכְךָ Gen 27:10 + 21 t.; יְבָֽרֲכֶךָּ Gen 49:25 + 2 t.; יְבָֽרֲכֵהוּ Gen 14:19 + 16 t.; יְבָֽרֲכֵם Gen 48:20 + 6 t.; אֲבָרֶכְכָה Gen 27:7 תְּבָֽרֲכַּ נִּי Gen 27:19; Gen 27:31 יְבָֽרֲכֶנְהוּ Ps 72:15 יְבָֽרֲכוּכָה Ps 145:10 Imperative בָּרֵךְ Deut 33:11 + 29 t.; Infinitive construct בָּרֵךְ Gen 22:17 + 24 t.; Infinitive absolute בָּרוֺךְ Josh 24:10 (Ki, compare Kö^{i. 191}, Ew^{§ 240 b, 2} Ol Sta); Participle מְבָרֵךְ Prov 27:14 + 4 t.; —

1. bless God, adore with bended knees: accusative ׳ברך י Gen 24:48 (J) Deut 8:10; Judg 5:2; Judg 5:9; 1Chr 29:10; 1Chr 29:20; 2Chr 20:26; 2Chr 31:8; Neh 9:5; Ps 16:7; Ps 26:12; Ps 34:2; Ps 63:5; Ps 103:20; Ps 103:21; Ps 103:22; Ps 115:18; Ps 134:1; Ps 134:2; Ps 135:19; Ps 135:20; Ps 145:2; Ps 145:10 ברכי ׳נפשׁי את י Ps 103:1; Ps 103:2; Ps 103:22; Ps 104:1; Ps 104:35 ברך שׁם bless the name of Yahweh Neh 9:5; Ps 96:2; Ps 100:4; Ps 145:1; Ps 145:21 ברך אלהים Josh 22:33; Ps 66:8; Ps 68:27 (doubtless for an original יהוה), with לְ 1Chr 29:20 מְבָרֵךְ אָוָן Isa 66:3 (of idolatrous worship).

2. God blesses
a. men: absolute Num 23:20 (E) Ps 109:28 with accusative Gen 32:27; Gen 32:30; Gen 48:16; Exod 20:24; Num 24:1; Josh 24:10 (E) Gen 12:2; Gen 12:3; Gen 22:17; Gen 24:1; Gen 24:35; Gen 26:12; Gen 30:27; Gen 30:30; Gen 39:5; Gen 49:25; Josh 17:14 (J) Gen 1:22; Gen 1:28; Gen 5:2; Gen 9:1; Gen 17:16; Gen 17:20; Gen 25:11; Gen 26:3; Gen 26:24; Gen 28:3; Gen 35:9; Gen 48:3; Num 6:24; Num 6:27 (P) Deut 1:11; Deut 2:7; Deut 7:13; Deut 12:7; Deut 14:24; Deut 14:29; Deut 15:4; Deut 15:6; Deut 15:10; Deut 15:14; Deut 15:18; Deut 16:10; Deut 16:15; Deut 23:21; Deut 24:13; Deut 24:19; Deut 26:15; Deut 28:8; Deut 30:16; Deut 2:11; Deut 2:12; Deut 7:29; Deut 1:10; Deut 13:14; Deut 17:27; Deut 26:5; Deut 2:10; Ps 5:13; Ps 28:9; Ps 29:11; Ps 45:3; Ps 67:2; Ps 67:7; Ps 67:8; Ps 107:38; Ps 115:12; Ps 115:13; Ps 128:5; Ps 134:3; Ps 147:13; Prov 3:33; Isa 19:25; Isa 51:2; Isa 61:9; Jer 31:23; Hag 2:19,
b. things: Sabbath Gen 2:3; Exod 20:11 (P); field Gen 27:27 (E); bread Exod 23:25 (E); work Deut 28:12; Job 1:10 compare Deut 33:11; Ps 65:11; Ps 132:15.

3. men bless men: priests & kings ׳בשׁם י Deut 10:8; Deut 21:5; 2Sam 6:18; 1Chr 16:2; 1Chr 23:13; Ps 129:8 Melchizedek Abraham Gen 14:19 Moses Deut 33:1; Exod 12:32; Exod 39:43 Joshua Josh 14:13; Josh 22:6; Josh 22:7 priests Lev 9:22; Lev 9:23; Num 6:23; Deut 27:12; Josh 8:33; 2Chr 30:27; Ps 118:26 Solomon 1Kgs 8:14; 1Kgs 8:55 ( = 2Chr 6:3); David 2Sam 6:20 (= 1Chr 16:43) 2Sam 19:40 Eli 1Sam 2:20 Balaam Num 22:6; Num 23:11; Num 23:20; Num 23:25; Num 24:10 fathers, especially on death-bed Gen 27:4 + 12 t. Gen 27 (all J E) Gen 28:1; Gen 28:6 (P) Gen 32:1 (E) Gen 48:9 (P) Gen 48:15; Gen 48:20; Gen 49:28 (J) 2Sam 13:25 in consecrating a sacrifice 1Sam 9:13.

4. salute, greet, with an invocation of blessing (stronger than שׁלום):בך יברך ישׂראל with thee will Israel bless Gen 48:20 (E).
a. in meeting Gen 47:7 (P) 2Kgs 4:29; 2Kgs 10:15; 1Sam 13:10.
b. in departing Gen 24:60 (J) Gen 47:10 (P) 1Kgs 8:66.
c. by messengers 1Sam 25:14; 2Sam 8:10; 1Chr 18:10.
d. in gratitude Job 31:20; Prov 30:11; Neh 11:2.
e. morning salutation Prov 27:14. feminine congratulations for prosperity Gen 12:3 (J) Gen 27:29; Num 24:9 (E) 1Kgs 1:47; Ps 49:19; Ps 62:5.
g. in homage 2Sam 14:22; Ps 72:15.
h. in friendliness 2Sam 21:3.

5. bless, with the antithetical meaning curse (Thes) from the greeting in departing, saying adieu to, taking leave of; but rather a blessing overdone and so really a curse as in vulgar English as well as in the Shemitic cognates: 1Kgs 21:10; 1Kgs 21:13; Job 1:5; Job 1:11; Job 2:5; Job 2:9; Ps 10:3. Pu`al Imperfect יְבֹרַךְ 2Sam 7:29 + 3 t.; תְּבֹרַךְ Judg 5:24; Prov 20:21 Participle מְבֹרָךְ Num 22:6 + 3 t.; feminine מְבֹרֶכֶת Deut 33:13 מְבֹרָכָיו Ps 37:22 —

1. passive to be blessed, adored: ׳שׁם י Job 1:21; Ps 113:2

2. prospered by God:
a. persons 2Sam 7:29; 1Chr 17:27; Ps 37:22; Ps 112:2; Ps 128:4; Prov 20:21.
b. things Deut 33:13.

3. have prosperity invoked, by Balaam Num 22:6.

4. in gratitude Prov 22:9; Judg 5:24. Hiph`il וַיַּבְרֵךְ חַגְּמַלִּים and he made his camels kneel Gen 24:11 (J). Hithpa`el הִתְבָּרֵךְ Deut 29:18 + 3 t.; Imperfect יִתְבָּרֵךְ Isa 65:16; Ps 72:17 Participle מִתְבָּרֵךְ Isa 65:16 — bless oneself, congratulate onself בלבבו in his heart Deut 29:18 בזרעך with or by (compare בְּ III.

2. d) thy seed (invoke for oneself the blessing of the see of Abraham) Gen 22:18; Gen 26:4 (J); by the Messianic king Ps 72:17 באלהי אמן Isa 65:16 by ׳י Jer 4:2.

BDB9387 H1288 H1289

[בְּרַךְ] verb kneel, bless (so Biblical Hebrew); —

Pe Participle

1. active בָּרֵךְ עַלבִּֿרְכוֺ֫הִי Dan 6:11 kneeling on his knees (in prayer).

2. passive בְּרִיךְ Dan 3:28 blessed (be) the God, etc. Pa`el bless, praise: Perfect 3 masculine singular בָּרִךְ Dan 2:19, 1 singular בָּֽתְכֵת (K^{§ 39, 3}) Dan 4:31, both with ל of God; Passive participle מְבָרַךְ Dan 2:20 the name of God (be) blessed.

blessed, bless, blesseth, salute, blessest, …

bārak

to kneel; by implication to bless God (as an act of adoration), and (vice-versa) man (as a benefit); also (by euphemism) to curse (God or the king, as treason)

to bless, kneel

(Qal)

to kneel

אֶת

Particle points to the object of the verb — leave untranslated

Dictionary form: אֵת · ate

Particle — Direct Object Marker

and ×240 of ×109 him ×107 them ×73 with ×72 from ×64 you ×61 me ×54

More options

[direct object marker — untranslated] — Most common use; marks definite direct object, no English equivalent.

with — Use when אֵת expresses accompaniment or association.

from — Use when context implies source or separation.

along with — Emphasizes inclusion or togetherness in a list.

together with — Slightly more formal; stresses joint participation.

among — Use when indicating presence within a group.

BDB853 H853

I. אֵת, with makk. אֶתֿ, with suffix אֹתִי; אֹתְךָ, אֹתְכָה Num 22:33, אֹתָ֑ךְ, אֹתָ֑כָה Exod 29:35, feminine אֹתָךְ; אֹתוֺ etc.; 2 plural אֶתְכֶם, once אוֺתְכֶם Josh 23:15 3 masculine plural regularly אֹתָם, rarely אֶתְהֶם Gen 32:1; Exod 18:20; Num 21:3; Ezek 34:12; 1Chr 6:50, once אוֺתְהֶם Ezek 23:45 3 feminine plural, on the contrary, regularly אֶתְהֶן (13 t.), once אֹתָן Ezek 16:54 (also אוֺתְהֶן Ezek 23:47, אֹתָ֖נָה Exod 35:26, אוֺתָ֖נָה Ezek 34:21); forms with cholem also often written plene: — the mark of the accusative, prefixed as a rule only to nouns that are definite (Moabite id., Phoenician אית i.e. אִיַּת (Schröd^{p. 213 f.}); Aramaic יָת frequently in ᵑ7; Syriac very rare as mark of accusative (for which is preferred), but used often in the sense of substance οὐσία, also in that of self, e.g. per se, reapse, sibi ipsi, PS^{1640 f.}, Samaritan ; Arabic , only used with suffix, when it is desired to emphasize the pronoun, e.g. Qor 1:4 W^{AG i. § 189.} [Ethiopic uses k£y¹ similarly, Di^{§ 150 a}; but it is dubious if this is etymologically akin.] The primitive form will have been 'iwyath, originally a substantive with following genitive, Ol^{p. 432}; whether ultimately a parallel development with אוֺת sign from √ אוה is uncertain: Ol W^{AG i. § 188} Lag^{M i. 226 affirm}, Nö^{ZMG 1886, 738 doubts. In Hebrew the ground-form is} אוֺת; the forms with ¢, e being abbreviated. In post Biblical Hebrew, used in combination with another preposition: thus בְּאוֺתוֺ הַיּוֺם = Bibl. בַּיּוֺם הַהוּא, בְּאוֺתָהּ הַשָּׁעָה; or as a nomin., e.g. אוֺתוֺ הָאִישׁ = Bibl. הָאִישׁ הַהוּא).

1. As mark of the accusative prefixed to substantives defined either by the article (or כֹּל), or by a genitive or pronominal affix, or in virtue of being proper names:
a. with transitive verbs, Gen 1:1; Gen 1:16; Gen 1:29; Gen 1:30; Gen 2:11; Gen 4:1; Gen 4:2; Gen 9:3 (אֶתֿכֹּל׃) etc. Similarly אֶתמִֿי whom (in particular), Josh 24:15; 1Sam 12:3; 1Sam 28:11; Isa 6:8 and elsewhere (but never אֶתמָֿה); also with זֶה Gen 29:33; Gen 44:29; 1Sam 21:16; 1Kgs 22:27 +, זֹאת Gen 29:27; 2Sam 13:27 +, אֵלֶּה Gen 46:18; Lev 11:18; Isa 49:21 +. So pretty uniformly in prose; but in poetry את is commonly dispensed with. By the use of את with the pronominal affix, a pronoun can at once, if required, be placed in a position of emphasis; let the order of words from this point of view be carefully noticed in the following passages: Gen 7:1; Gen 24:14; Gen 37:4; Lev 10:17; Lev 11:33; Num 22:32 thee I had slain, and her I had kept alive, Deut 4:14; Deut 6:13; Deut 6:23; Deut 13:5; Judg 14:3 אוֺתָהּ קַח לִי take for me her, 1Sam 14:35; 1Sam 15:1; 1Sam 18:17; 1Sam 21:10 אִםאֹֿתָהּ תִּקַּחלְֿךָ קָ֔ח if thou wilt take that, take it, 1Kgs 1:35; 1Kgs 14:9; Isa 43:22; Isa 57:11; Jer 9:2. So הַאוֺתִי Jer 5:22; Jer 7:19. It also sometimes enables the reflexive sense to be expressed (elsewhere נַפְשָׁם) Jer 7:19; Ezek 34:2. Rarely with a substantive which is undefined (Ew^{§ 277 d 2} Ges^{«GKC:117»§ 117}, 1, R. 2), as Exod 21:28; Num 21:9; Lev 20:14; 1Sam 24:6 (but see Dr) 2Sam 4:11; 2Sam 18:18; 2Sam 23:21 or which, though definite, is without the article, Gen 21:30; 2Sam 15:16; Lev 26:5; 1Sam 9:3 (so Num 16:15) Isa 33:19; Isa 41:7; Ezek 43:10 (for further examples see Ew 1.c.)
b. with a passive verb (Ges^{«GKC:121»§ 121}. 1 Ew^{§ 295 b}) conceived as expressing neutrally the action in question, and construed accordingly with an accusative of that which is its real object: examples occur with tolerable frequency from Gen 4:18 (J) וַיִּוָּלֵד לַחֲנוֺךְ אֶתעֿירָד, Gen 17:5 (P), לֹא יִקָּרֵא עוֺד אֶתשִֿׁמְךָ אַברָם there shall not be called (=one shall not call) thy name Abram, Gen 21:5 (E), Gen 27:42; 2Sam 21:11; 1Kgs 18:13; Hos 10:6 etc., to Jer 35:18; Jer 38:4; Jer 50:20; Ezek 16:4; Ezek 16:5; Esth 2:13 (compare Dr^{JPh xi. 227 f.}): also with passive verbs of filling (Ew^{§ 281 b}), as Exod 1:7 +.
c. with neuter verbs or expressions, especially such as involve the idea of regarding, or treating, appy. by a construction κατὰ σύνεσιν (rare), Josh 22:17; 2Sam 11:25; Neh 9:32 (compare 1Sam 20:13 Dr). Once after אֵין, Hag 2:17 אֵין אֶתְכֶם אֵלַיָֽ.
d. poet. (si vera lectio), after an abstract noun used with a verbal force, Hab 3:13 (Amos 4:11; Isa 13:19; Jer 50:40 מַהְפֵּכָה exerts a verbal force, like the Arabic nom. verbi [see W^{AG i. § 196, 43}]; and Num 10:2; Ezek 17:9 לְמַסַּע, לְמַשְׂאוֺת are Aramaizing infinitives: compare Ew^{§ 239 a}).

2. את marks an accusative in other relations than that of direct object to a verb:
a. with verbs of motion (very rare) Num 13:17; Deut 1:19; Deut 2:7 (to 'walk the wilderness'); denoting the goal Judg 19:18; Ezek 21:25 (Ew^{§ 281 d, n., 282 a 1}).
b. denoting time (duration), also very rare: Exod 13:7; Lev 25:22; Deut 9:25.
c. expressing the accus. of limitation (rare): Gen 17:11; Gen 17:14; 1Kgs 15:23.

3. Chiefly in an inferior or later style, אֵת (or וְאֵת) is used irregularly, partly (α), as it would seem, to give greater definiteness (so especially וְאֵת) at the mention of a new subject (when it may sometimes be rendered as regards), or through the influence of a neighbouring verb (a construct κατὰ σύνεσιν), or by an anacoluthon, partly (β) as resuming loosely some other preposition Thus (α) Exod 1:14; Num 3:26; Num 3:46; Num 5:10 (with הָיָה: so Ezek 35:10) Num 18:21b Deut 11:2 (anacoluthon), Deut 14:13; Josh 17:11; Judg 20:44; Judg 20:46 (contr. vJudg 20:25 vJudg 20:35) 1Sam 17:34 (see Dr) 1Sam 26:16; 2Sam 21:22; 2Kgs 6:5; Isa 53:8 (probably), Isa 57:12; Jer 23:33 (but read rather with ᵐ5 ᵑ9 אַתֶּם הַמַּשָּׂא) Jer 27:8; Jer 36:22; Jer 38:16 Kt, Jer 45:4 b Ezek 16:22; Ezek 17:21; Ezek 20:16; Ezek 29:4 b Ezek 43:7 (ᵐ5 Co prefix הֲרָאִיתָ) Ezek 44:3; Zech 8:17; Eccl 4:3; Dan 9:13; Neh 9:19; Neh 9:34; 1Chr 2:9; 2Chr 31:17. In 1Sam 30:23; Hag 2:5 probably some such word as remember is to be understood. (β) Jer 38:9; Ezek 14:22 b Ezek 37:19 b Zech 12:10 סָבִיב אֵת 1Kgs 6:5; Ezek 43:17 strangely (in 1 Kings ᵐ5 omits the clause: so Sta^{ZAW 1883, 135}). — In 1Kgs 11:1 וְ is merely and also, and especially (see וְ); v1Kgs 11:25 is corrupt (read with ᵐ5 זֹאת הָרָעָה אֲשֶׁר עָשָׂה הֲדָד); Ezek 47:17; Ezek 47:18; Ezek 47:19 read similarly for ואת, זֹאת: see vEzek 47:20. — For some particulars as to the use of את, see A. M. Wilson^{Hebraica. vi. 139 ff. 212 ff.} (who, however, confuses it sometimes with II. אֵת). For denoting the pronominal object of a verb, את with suffix preponderates relatively much above the verbal affix in P, as compared with J E Deuteronomy Judges Samuel Kings (see Gie^{ZAW 1881, 258 f.}), — partly, probably, on account of the greater distinctness and precision which P loves.

BDB9600 H853 H3487

יָת mark of accusative (= Biblical Hebrew I. אֵת; Palmyrene ית; Zinjirli^{Had. 28} with suffix ותה; Nabataean, Palmyrene with suffix יתה (Lzb²⁶³ Cooke¹⁷⁰; compare RÉS⁴⁶⁸); ᵑ7 Samaritan יָת; Syriac (rare)); — Dan 3:12 דִּי מַנִּיתָ יָָֽתְהוֺן whom thou hast appointed.

with, from, of, and, by, …

ʾēt

properly, self (but generally used to point out more definitely the object of a verb or preposition, even or namely)

sign of the definite direct object, not translated in English but generally preceding and indicating the accusative

נַחֲלָתֶ ֑ךָ

נַחֲלָתֶ

Root word inheritance, heritage, inherit, heritages, inheritances, …

֑ךָ

Suffix — pronoun your / you (one man)

Dictionary form: נַחֲלָה · na-huh-LAW

Noun — Common, feminine singular, construct state "___ of …" — bound to the next word

In the KJV here: thine inheritance

the inheritance ×18 for an inheritance ×15 inheritance ×14 his inheritance ×12 is the inheritance ×10 their inheritance ×7 of his inheritance ×6 an inheritance ×5

More options

inheritance — Modernized KJV standard; best for legal or familial contexts.

heritage — Emphasizes cultural or ancestral identity passed down.

possession — Highlights ownership; suits land or property contexts.

legacy — Broader; good for abstract or theological transmission of blessing.

allotment — Stresses divinely assigned portion; fits tribal land passages.

birthright — Underscores entitlement by birth; use sparingly for personal claims.

BDB5108 H5159

נַחֲלָה₂₂₄ noun feminine possession, property, inheritance (originally gift; Late Hebrew = Biblical Hebrew); — ׳נ Num 18:23 +; נַחֲלָת Ps 16:6 (Ges^{«GKC:90g»§ 90g}), read נַחֲלָתִי Ew SS We Kö^{ii. 1, 425}; construct נַחֲלַת Josh 13:23 suffix נַחֲלָתִי Ruth 4:6 נַחֲלַתְכֶם Ps 105:11 plural נְחָלוֺת Isa 49:8, נְחָלֹת Josh 19:51

1. property:
a. in Canaan given by ׳י to Israel, נחלת ישׂראל Judg 20:6 יעקב ׳נ Isa 58:14, especially אֲשֶׁר נֹתֵן לְךָ נַחֲלָה Deut 4:21; Deut 15:4; Deut 19:10; Deut 20:16; Deut 21:28; Deut 24:4; Deut 25:19; Deut 26:1 (all D); הנחלה אשׁר הנחלתי את עמי Jer 12:14.
b. distributive among tribes: לְ ׳נתן נ Num 16:14; Num 36:2; Josh 14:3 (restore לְ), Josh 17:4; Josh 17:14; Josh 19:49 (all P); לְ ׳נתן לנ Deut 29:7; Josh 11:23; Josh 14:13 (all D²); נָָֽחֲלוּ נחלהJosh 17:6(J); ׳תֵּחָלֵק בּנ Num 26:53; Num 26:56 (P); נפל בּנחלה Num 34:2 (P), Judg 18:1; Ezek 47:22 ׳הפיל בנ Josh 13:6; Josh 23:4 (D²), Ezek 45:1; Ezek 47:22, also vEzek 47:22 (Co reads ב for מ).
c. nations as possession of the people, Ps 111:6 of the king Ps 2:8.
d. Levites have no property in the land Num 18:23; Num 18:24; Deut 10:9; Deut 12:12 their possession is ׳י Num 18:20 (P); הוּא נחלתו ׳י Deut 10:9; Deut 18:2; Josh 13:14; Josh 13:33 (all D); the tithes Num 18:21; Num 18:24; Num 18:26 (P).
e. ׳י takes Israel as his property, 1Sam 10:1; 1Kgs 8:53; 2Kgs 21:14; Isa 19:25; Mic 7:18; Ps 33:12; Ps 68:10; Ps 106:5 עם נחלה Deut 4:20 (D²); עַמְּךָ וְנַחֲלָֽתְךָ Deut 9:26; Deut 9:29 (D), 1Kgs 8:51 || עַם Isa 47:6; Joel 2:17; Joel 4:2; Mic 7:14; Ps 28:9; Ps 78:62; Ps 78:71; Ps 94:5; Ps 94:14; Ps 106:40 ׳נחלת י 1Sam 26:19; 2Sam 20:19; 2Sam 21:3 אלהים ׳נ 2Sam 14:16 ׳יעקב חבל נ Deut 32:9 ׳שׁבט נ Jer 10:16 = Jer 51:19, Ps 74:2 ׳שׁבטי נ Isa 63:17 also, the holy mountain Exod 15:17 (song), temple Jer 12:7; Ps 79:1, land Jer 2:7; Jer 12:8; Jer 12:9; Jer 16:18; Jer 50:11.

2. portion, share:
a. assigned by God, Isa 54:17; Ps 37:18; Ps 127:3 elsewhere || חֵלֶק Job 20:29; Job 27:13; Job 31:2.
b. by choice, || חֵלֶק, לנו בבן ישׁי ׳לא נ 2Sam 20:1 we have no share in the son of Jesse = 1Kgs 12:16 = 2Chr 10:16.

3. inheritance (45 t.) חֵלֶק וְנַחֲלָה בְּבֵית אָבִּינוּ Gen 31:14 (E) portion or inheritance in the house of our father; לְ ׳העביר נ Num 27:7; Num 27:8 (P) cause the inheritance to pass unto; לְ ׳נתן נ Num 27:9; Num 27:10; Num 27:11 (P), Job 42:15 נחלת אבות Num 36:3; Num 36:8; 1Kgs 21:3; 1Kgs 21:4; Prov 19:14 לבניו תהיה ׳נ Ezek 46:16.

inheritance, heritage, inherit, heritages, inheritances, …

naḥălâ

properly, something inherited, i.e., (abstractly) occupancy, or (concretely) an heirloom; generally an estate, patrimony or portion

possession, property, inheritance, heritage

property

וּֽ רְעֵ ֥ם

וּֽ

Prefix — connector and (sometimes: but, so, then)

רְעֵ

Root word feed, shepherds, shepherd, fed, pastors, …

֥ם

Suffix — pronoun their / them

Dictionary form: רָעָה · raw-AW

Verb — Qal, Imperative, second person masculine singular simple action — "he did" a command — try "___!" the built-in subject is "you"

In the KJV here: feed

feed ×16 shepherd ×12 and feed ×6 the shepherds ×6 shall feed ×5 to feed ×5 of the shepherds ×4 a shepherd ×3

More options

tend — Broad pastoral care; suits both literal and metaphorical contexts.

graze — Prefer for literal animal feeding/pasturing scenes.

shepherd — Vivid and figurative; ideal for leadership or divine care contexts.

pasture — Emphasizes the act of leading flocks to grazing land.

herd — Suits contexts involving cattle or large livestock specifically.

associate with — Captures the rarer 'companion/friend' semantic range of the lemma.

BDB7994 H7462 H7473 H7423

I. רָעָה₁₆₇ verb pasture, tend, graze (Assyrian rê°û, verb pasture, noun ruler, Tel Amarna ru—i (as Canaanism) Wkl^{No. 181, 11}; Arabic , Ethiopic Aramaic רְעָא, , all = Biblical Hebrew); —

Qal Perfect 3 masculine singular consecutive וְרָעָה Mic 5:3 +, 1 singular suffix consecutive זּרְעִיתִים Ezek 34:13, 3 plural suffix consecutive וְרָעוּם Jer 23:4, etc.; Imperfect 3 masculine singular יִרְעֶה Isa 27:20 +, jussive יֵ֫רַע Job 20:26, suffix יִרְעֶנָּה Ps 80:14, וַיִרְעֵם Ps 78:72 (׳וַיַּר Hiph`il van d. H.), etc.; Imperative masculine singular רְעֵה Mic 7:14 +, suffix רְעֵם Ps 28:9 feminine singular רְעִי Song 1:8 masculine plural רְעוּ Gen 29:7 Infinitive construct לִרְעוֺת Gen 37:12 +, etc.; Participle רֹעֶה Gen 30:36 +, suffix רֹעִי Ps 23:1 +; feminine singular רֹעָה Gen 29:9; Prov 25:19, etc.; —

1. transitive
a. pasture, tend (pascere), literal, with accusative צאֹן Gen 30:31; Gen 30:36; Gen 37:12 (all J), Exod 3:1 (E), 1Sam 17:15; 1Sam 25:16; Isa 61:5, accusative of asses Gen 36:24 (P), kids Song 1:8 accusative (צאֹן) omitted Gen 29:7; Gen 37:13 (ב location) vGen 37:16 (all J), Song 1:7 (|| הִרְבִּיץ), Job 24:2 (ᵐ5 Me Siegf Bu וְרֹעוֺ); — metaphor גֹּרֶן וָיֶקֶב לֹא יִרְעֵם Hos 9:2, but read יֵדָעֵם ᵐ5 We Now GASm; מָוֶת יִרְעֵם Ps 49:15.
b. figurative of ׳י, accusative of person, Gen 48:15 (E) God, who shepherded me; with accusative of people, as flock Hos 4:16; Isa 40:11; Mic 7:14 (בְּשִׁבְטֶ֑ךָ), Ezek 34:13 (pregnantly, with אֶל location), vEzek 34:14 vEzek 34:15 (+ הִרְבִּיץ), vEzek 34:16; Ps 28:9.
c. figurative of ruler, and teacher, accusative of people, as flock, 2Sam 5:2 = 1Chr 11:2; 2Sam 7:1 = 1Chr 17:6; Ps 78:72; Jer 3:15; Jer 23:2; Jer 23:4; Ezek 34:2; Ezek 34:3; Ezek 34:8; Ezek 34:10; Ezek 34:23 (twice in verse); Zech 11:4; Zech 11:7 (twice in verse); Zech 11:9 of teaching, יִרְעוּ רַבִּים שִׂפְתֵי צַדִּיק Prov 10:21 with ב of people Ps 78:71 absolute Mic 5:3 with accusative of person reflexive pastured (fed, enriched) themselves Ezek 34:2; Ezek 34:8; Ezek 34:10.
d. especially participle רֹעֶה, etc., as substantive = shepherd, herdsman: (I) literal, צאֹן רֹעֵה Gen 4:2; Gen 46:32; Gen 46:34; Gen 47:3 (all J), ׳רֹעֶה בַּצּ Gen 37:2 (E), 1Sam 16:11; 1Sam 17:34 רֹעֵי מִקְנֶה Gen 13:7 (twice in verse) (J); ׳(ה)ר alone, singular Amos 3:12 + 7 t. (all in simile); רֹעָה shepherdess, Gen 29:9 (J); כְּלִי רֹעֶה אֱוִילִי Zech 11:15 (see כְּלִי 2 c), as symbol; plural (הָ)רֹעִים Amos 1:2; Exod 2:17; Exod 2:19 (J) 1Sam 21:8 (׳אַבִּיר הָר; Gr Dr Bu Kit Löhr חָרָצִים ׳א; ᵐ5 Lag^{BN 45} HPS אֹבִיל הָעְַיָרִים, but compare We) + 8 t. + Isa 31:4 (simile), Isa 38:12 (read רֹעִים for רֹעִי Perles²⁹ Du Che^Hpt compare Di), compare (suffix) Gen 13:8 (twice in verse) (J); כְּלִי הָרֹעִים 1Sam 17:40 (see כְּלִי 3); — בֵּידעֵֿקֶד הָרִעִיס. (2) figurative of ruler (as often Assyrian; compare Greek (Homer) ποιμένα λαῶν), absolute singular Jer 17:16

**figurative of prophet (but Aq Symm ᵑ6 Gie Du Co מֵרָעָה); Zech 10:2; Zech 11:16; Zech 13:7b + 8 t. Jeremiah, Ezekiel; suffix of ׳י, רֹעִי Isa 44:28 (of Cyrus), Zech 13:7a.; Zech 13:17 (read רֹעִי הָאֱוִילִי We Now GASm); absolute plural Isa 56:11; Jer 2:8; Jer 3:15; Mic 5:4; Zech 10:3; Zech 11:5; Zech 11:8 + 18 t. Jeremiah Ezek 34, + (of Assyrian leaders) Nah 3:18 ׳רֹעֵי יִשׂ Ezek 34:2 צאֹנוֺ רֹעֵי Isa 63:11 (but read רֹעֵה [of Moses] ᵐ5 Targam Di Du and others). (3) epithet of ׳רֹעִי ׃ י ׳י Ps 23:1, ׳רֹעֵה יִשׂ Ps 80:2, ׳רֹעֶה אֶבֶן יִשׂ Gen 49:24 (poem in J; read construct רֹעֵה. compare Commentaries); מֵרֹעֶה אֶחָד Eccl 12:11 De Wild, < president of assembly of sages Siegf SS.

2. intransitive feed, graze:
a. literally of cows, sheep, etc.: with ב location Gen 41:2; Gen 41:18 (E), 1Chr 27:29 with accusative of pasture Isa 30:23 with עַל location Zeph 2:7 (עֲלֵי הַיָּם for ᵑ0 עֲלֵיהֶם, see Now); אֶלמֿוּל location Exod 34:3 (J); absolute Isa 5:17; Isa 11:7 (|| רבץ; but see רעה below) Isa 27:10 (|| id.), Isa 65:25; Jonah 3:7; Job 1:14.
b. figurative of idolater, Isa 44:20 he feedeth on ashes (accusative); compare Hos 12:2 Ehpraimitic source feedeth on wind (acc); אִוֶּלֶת ׳פִּי כְסִילִים יִר Prov 15:14 (so Vrss Qr; Kt פני for פי) the mouth of fools feeds on folly (Toy; Buhl √ II. רעה, Gerber¹⁶² below III. רעה); in Canticles, with ב location, figurative of lover Song 2:16; Song 6:2; Song 6:3 of breasts (like gazelles) Song 4:5.
c. figurative, of Israel as flock Isa 14:30 (|| רבץ), read (יַ֯) בְּכָרֹי in my pasture(s), for ᵑ0 בְּכוֺרֵי, Koppe Ew Di Du (otherwise Che^Hpt, compare Marti); Zeph 3:13 (|| id..); with עַלדְּֿרָכִים Isa 49:9 with accusative of pasture-land Jer 50:19; Mic 7:14; Ezek 34:14b ( + אֶל location), vEzek 34:18 vEzek 34:19 hence crop, strip, i.e. devastate, of conqueror, with accusative of land Mic 5:6, cf; אֶתיָֿדוֺ Jer 6:3 so יִרְעוּךְ קָדְקֹד; Jer 2:16 accusative of Israel under figure of vine (subject foes, as beasts) Ps 80:14.
d. subject wind, with accusative of person Jer 22:22, i. e. drive them away; subject fire, with accusative of thing, יֵרַע Job 20:26, but read perhaps יֵרָע, Niph`al (Ol Di Hoffm Siegf Bu; otherwise Du). רֹעֶה עֲקָרָה֯ Job 24:21 is difficult; Bu חֵרַע for ׳ר; more radical conjectures in Du. Niph`al possibly Job 20:26, see 2 d above Hiph`il Ps 78:72 van d. H., see 1 c above

BDB7995 H7462 H7473

רֹעֶה shepherd, רֹעָה shepherdess, see √ 1 d. above

BDB8000 H7462 H7489

II. [רָעָה] verb probably associate with (compare Schulth^{69 ff.} but also Nö^{ZMG iiv (1900), 154 f.}; Assyrian ru°a, ruttu, neighbour, fellow (masculine and feminine; compare Jäger^{BAS i. 483,486}); so Bedouin , master, owner, Wallin^{ZMG v (1851), 9} Jayakar^{JA xxi. 851}; Ethiopic marriage; Arabic , Ethiopic yoke; Late Hebrew רֵעוּת friendship is from Biblical Hebrew רֵעַ); —

Qal Imperative masculine singular וּרְעֵה אֱמוּנָה Ps 37:3 cherish faithfulness (Hup-Now RV Che Du Dr); > feed seocurely (Bae; I.רעה; feed on (his) faithfulness AmRV); Participle כְסִילִים רֹעֶה Prov 13:20 one associating with fools, so ׳זֹלְלְים ר Prov 28:7, זוֺנוֺת ׳ר Prov 29:3 (Thes and others think these figurative from I. רעה, see 2 b). Hithpa`el 2 masculine singular אַלתִּֿתְרַע אֶתבַּֿעַל אָ֑ף Prov 22:24 do not make companionship with a bad-tempered man; perhaps also 3 feminine plural תִּתְרָעֶינָה Isa 11:7 (Lag^{Or. i. 21}; Deceased Wife's Sister 399 Brd Du Che Hpt) cow and bear shall be each other's companions; + Infinitive construct הִתְרָעֹת Prov 18:24 (Toy, for ᵑ0 הִתְרֹעֵעַ) there are [יֵשׁ, for אִישׁ] friends (merely) to be companions (see II. רעע near the end).

BDB8003 H7462

[רָעָה] verb denominative Pi`el be a special friend; — Perfect 3 masculine singular מֵרֵעֵהוּ אֲשֶׁר רֵעָה לוֺ Judg 14:20 his comrade who had been 'best man' (GFM) to him.

BDB8036 H7489 H7465 H7462

II. [רָעַע] verb break (Aramaic loan-word = Hebrew רָצַץ q. v.); —

Qal Perfect 3 plural רָעוּ Jer 11:16 Imperfect 3 masculine singular יָרֹעַ Jer 15:12; Job 34:24, 2 masculine singular suffix תְּרֹעֵם Ps 2:9 (but see below); Infinitive absolute רֹ֫עָה Isa 24:19 (strike out ה as dittograph and read רֹעַ, see Hithpo`el); Participle feminine רֹעָה (? for רֹעֲעָה) Prov 25:19: —

1. transitive הֲיָרֹע בַּרְזֶל ׳בַּרְזֶל וגו Jer 15:12 can one break iron, iron out of the north? compare יָרֹעַ כַּבִּירִים Job 34:24 תְּרֹעֵם בְּשֵֹׁבֶט בַּרְזֶל Ps 2:9 (but read תִּרְעֵם, see I. רהְ, ᵐ5 ᵑ6 ᵑ9 Hup-Now and others).

2. intransitive break = be broken, of branches Jer 11:16 (in figurative; Gf Or and others; > Hi Gie are in a sad state, √ I. רעע); שֵׁן רֹעָה Prov 25:19 a broken tooth (׳ר = רֹעֲעָה?; Frankenb Niph`al Participle נְרָעָה, compare Toy, but Niph`al not elsewhere; Vrss רָעָה bad). — רֹ֫עוּ Isa 8:9 read דְּעוּ (ᵐ5 Lo Che and others, || הַאֲזִינוּ). Hithpo`el Perfect 3 feminine singular + Qal Infinitive absolute (see above) צרץ[הָ] רֹעַ הִתְרֹעֲעָה Isa 24:19 the earth is broken asunder (|| פּוֺר תִתְפּוֺרְרָה, מוֺט הִתְמוֺטְטָה); also Infinitive construct לְהִתְרוֺעֵעַ Prov 18:24 will be broken in pieces (Ges^{«GKC:114i»§ 114i}), ruined, De and others, but < read לְהִתְרָעוֺת Vrss Toy and others, see רעה Hithpa`el (see, however, Dr^{Expos. Times xi (1899-1900), 230f.}).

BDB9904 H7462

רעה (√ of following; compare Biblical Hebrew III. רעה).

feed, shepherds, shepherd, fed, pastors, …

rāʿâ

to tend a flock; i.e., pasture it; intransitively, to graze (literally or figuratively); generally to rule; by extension, to associate with (as a friend)

to pasture, tend, graze, feed

(Qal)

to tend, pasture

to shepherd

of cows, sheep, etc (literally)

(Qal) to associate with

וְ ֝נַשְּׂאֵ ֗ם

וְ

Prefix — connector and (sometimes: but, so, then)

֝נַשְּׂאֵ

Root word up, bear, take, bare, away, …

֗ם

Suffix — pronoun their / them

Dictionary form: נָשָׂא · naw-SAW

Verb — Piel, Imperative, second person masculine singular intensive — "he really / thoroughly did" a command — try "___!" the built-in subject is "you"

In the KJV here: them also and lift them up

lift up ×27 and lifted up ×18 lifted up ×18 that bare ×15 take ×14 shall bear ×12 to bear ×12 bear ×11

More options

lift — Most common sense; raising something physically or figuratively.

carry — Preferred when sustained bearing or transport is in view.

bear — Broad: carry a load, bear guilt/sin, or endure.

take — Use when the motion of taking or receiving is primary.

forgive — Idiomatic for 'lifting' sin or guilt; theological contexts.

exalt — Figurative lifting of status or honor; elevated register.

BDB9721 H5375 H5376

נְשָׂא verb lift, take, carry (compare Biblical Hebrew; rare in Aramaic; see נְסִי, נְסָא ChWB, NHWB); —

Pe`al Perfect 3 masculine singular ׳נ Dan 2:35 carry away (of wind, with accusative of thing); Imperative masculine singular שֵׂא Ezra 5:15 take (accusative vessels). Hithpa. make a rising, an insurrection: Participle feminine singular מִתְנַשְּׂאָה Ezra 4:19, עַל person

נְשֵׁיהוֺן see [נָשִׁין] below II. אנשׁ.

up, bear, take, bare, away, …

nāśāʾ

to lift, in a great variety of applications, literal and figurative, absolute and relative

to lift, bear up, carry, take

(Qal)

to lift, lift up

to be lifted up, be exalted

to lift up, exalt, support, aid, assist

to cause one to bear (iniquity)

עַד

Preposition unto, until, to, till, for, …

Dictionary form: עַד · ad

Preposition

until ×237 unto ×233 even unto ×103 to ×79 till ×62 even to ×58 for ×51 how long ×38

More options

until — Best for temporal boundary; most common usage.

up to — Spatial or quantitative limit; modern and versatile.

as far as — Spatial extent; prefer for geographic/directional contexts.

through — Inclusive endpoint; useful when the limit is included.

as long as — Durative sense; prefer for sustained time expressions.

even to — Emphatic reach; signals surprising or extreme extent.

BDB5808 H5704

III. עַד, in poetry עֲדֵי ( Num 24:20; Num 24:24; Ps 104:23; Ps 147:6; Job 7:4; Job 20:5, and in עֲדֵי עַד Isa 26:4; Isa 65:18; Ps 83:18; Ps 92:8; Ps 132:12; Ps 132:14:compare אֱלֵי, עֲלֵי), preposition as far as, even to, up to, until, while (Aramaic עד, Sabean עד, עדי, Mordtm^{ZMG xxx (1876), 27}; DHM^{xxxvii (1883), 414}, Assyrian adi Dl^{§ 81 a} (Arabic is except); perh akin to pass on, advance to, Kö^{ii. 304, 309:} עֲדֵי probably from ground-form ±¦d¦y, Ol^{428, 431} Kö^{ii. 309 ff.}; but Lag^{Sym. ii. 101-3, Mitth. i. 231 f.}, as plur. like אַחֲרֵי); — with suffix עָדַי Num 23:18 +, עָדֶיךָ Mic 4:8 +, etc., עָֽדיֵכֵם Job 32:12; 2Kgs 9:18 עַדהֵֿם occurs; — as far as, even to (differing from אֶל in that the limit is included, as in Arabic Fl^{Kl. Schr. i. 402 f.}):

I. preposition 1. of space; —
a. Gen 11:31 ויבאו עד חרן as far as Haran, Gen 12:6; Gen 13:3; Gen 13:12 + often, Isa 8:8 עד צואר יגעַ, Isa 15:4 עד יהץ נשׁמע קולם, Isa 25:12; Isa 26:5; Ps 36:6 אמונתך עד שׁחקים, Ps 69:2 דאו מים עד נפשׁ (compare Jonah 2:6; Mic 1:9; Jer 4:10; Jer 4:18), Jer 90:3 תָּשֵׁד אֱנוֺשׁ עַד דַּכָּא Job 11:7, etc.; pregnantly Ps 118:27 ׳אִסְדוּ חָג עַד וגו bind . . . (and lead) up to . . .; Isa 57:9 עַד מֵרָחוק even to afar (מִן 1 c); with the goal a person, Exod 22:8 עד האלהים יָבאֹ דְבַר שְׁנֵיהֶם, 1Sam 9:9; Ps 65:3 עָדֶיךָ כָלבָּֿשָׂר יָבאֹוּ Isa 45:24; Job 4:5, ׳שׁוּב עַד י Hos 14:2 al. (see שׁוּב, stronger than ׳שׁוּב אֶליֿ); in poetry Num 24:20 וְאַחֲדִיתוֺ עֲדֵי אֹבֵד shall be even unto destruction, shall issue in destruction, vNum 24:24 rarely with verbs of attending, הֶאֱזִין עַד Num 23:18, הִתְבּוֺנֵן עַד Job 32:12; Job 38:18 (usually אֶל). Before another perp., 1Sam 7:11 ׳עַד מִתַּחַת ל 1Kgs 4:12 ׳עַד מֵעֵבֶר ל, עַד מֵעַל Ezek 41:20, עַד לִפְנֵי Esth 4:2, and even (si vera. l.) עַד אְלֵיהֶם 2Kgs 9:20:compare עַד נֶגֶד Neh 3:16; Neh 3:26, עַד נֹכַח Judg 19:10 +.

b. In the combination מִן ֗֗֗ (וְ)עַד, as Gen 10:19 מצידון ֗֗֗ עַד עַזָּה from Sidon . . . as far as Gaza + often (see מן 5 a); and idiomatic, not of actual space, but of class of objects, to express the idea of both... and, as Gen 19:4 מִנַּעַר וְעַד זָקִן from young to old (inclusively) = both young and old (see מִן 5 b); without מִן, even to = including, Lev 11:42; Num 8:4 even to (i. e. including) it base and its flower, compare 1Sam 18:4.

2. Of time:
a. (a) even to, until Gen 8:5 even to the 10th month, Exod 12:6 unto the 14th day, etc., vExod 12:15 vExod 12:18, etc.; עד היום unto this day, Gen 19:37; Gen 19:38, עד היום הזה Gen 26:33; Gen 32:33, both + often; עד יום followed by infinitive Exod 40:37; Josh 6:10; Judg 18:30 עד בקר till morning, Exod 12:10 + (15 t.), עד הבקר Exod 16:23 + (11 t.); so עד (ה)ערב Exod 18:13; Exod 18:14 +, in poetry עֲרֵי ערב Ps 104:23 עַד עוֺלָם Gen 13:15 + often; עַד שֶׁבַע פְּעָמִים 2Kgs 4:35 עַד דּוֺר וָדוֺר Isa 13:20 see also בְּלִי, and בִּלְתִּי, near the end and followed by another preposition, Lev 23:16 עַד מִמָּחֳרַת הַשַּׁבָּת, Neh 13:9 עַד אַחַר הַשַּׁבָּת. With the force of against, Judg 6:31 יוּמַת עַד הַבֹּקֶר; compare (b) end. (b) followed by infinitive, both of past time, as Gen 8:7; Gen 32:35 עַד עֲלוֺת הַשַּׁחַר, Gen 33:3; Gen 34:5, and especially future time, as Gen 3:19 עַד שׁוּבְךָ until thy returning, Gen 19:22; Gen 27:45; Deut 7:20; Deut 7:23; Deut 20:20; Deut 22:2; Deut 28:20; Deut 28:22, — both + often; compare עַד בּוֺשׁ Judg 3:25 +; עַד תֹּם ֗֗֗ Lev 25:29 + 10 t.; עַד תֻּמָּם Deut 2:15 +; עַד כַּלֵּה 2Kgs 13:17; 2Kgs 13:19; Ezek 19:14 עַד כַּלּוֺתָ(םׅ 1Sam 15:18; Jer 9:15 +; עַד אוֺר הַבֹּקֶר Judg 16:2 +; also in עַד הִשְׁמִדְךָ אֹתָם Deut 7:24 (compare Deut 28:48; Josh 11:14; 1Kgs 15:29; 2Kgs 3:25; 2Kgs 10:17; 2Kgs 24:20 [|| Jer 52:3 הִשְׁלִיכוֺ]; on the anomalous ׳הִ, see Dr, read probably ׳הַ); and most probably compare Kö^{iii. 583}) in עַד בִּלְתִּי הִשְׁאִיר לוֺ (לָהֶם) שָׂרִיד Deut 3:3 (see Dr), + 5 t. (see above), read probably הַשְׁאִיר. With the force of towards the end of, against, especially in עַד בֹּאָ(םׅ, Gen 43:25; Exod 22:25; Num 10:21 והקימו את המשׁכן עַד בֹּאָם used to set up the tabernacle against their coming, 2Kgs 16:11; Ezek 33:22 compare 2Sam 17:22. Elliptical Judg 16:2 עַד אוֺד הַבֹּקֶד וַהֲרַגְנוּהוּ (wait) till the morning dawn, and we slay him! (GFM; Dr^{§ 115}). (c) with various adverbs of time. (q. v.) as עַד אָנָה, עַדמָֿה, עַד מָתַי, עַד הֵנָּה, עַד כֹּה, עַד כֵּן, עַד עַתָּה, compare עַד כַּמֶּה פְעָמִים (see מָה 4 b).
(d) to suffest also degree (compare 3), עַד אֵין מָקוֺם until there is no place Isa 5:8, עַד אֵין מִסְפָּר Ps 40:13; Job 5:9; Job 9:10 compare Lev 26:18 וְאִםעַֿדאֵֿלֶּה and if even up to these things, even the end of all these punishment, you do not hearken to me.

b. During (rare; prop, as far as the limit indicated, including the time previous, compare ἔως: so often Aramaic עַד, , while), 2Kgs 9:22 what is peace עַד זְנוּנֵי אִיזֶבֶל during, etc.,? Job 20:5 עֲדֵי רָ֑גַע during a moment; followed by infinitive Judg 3:26 עַד הִתְמַהְמְהָם during their delaying, Exod 33:22; Job 7:19 עַד בִּלְעִי רֻקִּי Jonah 4:2.

3. Of degree, to suggest a higher or the highest; as עַד מְאֹד even to muchness, i.e. exceedingly (see מְאֹד), עַד מְהֵרָה even to haste Ps 147:15; Esth 5:6 וּמַהבֻּֿקָּשָׁתֵךְ עַדחֲֿצִי הַמַּלְכוּת וְתֵעָשׂ, vEsth 5:3; Esth 7:2. See also עַד לְ, below. With a negative, to express not even as much as, Deut 2:5 לא אתן לכם מארצם עַד מִדְרַךְ כַּף רָ֑גֶל, and with אֶחָד, Exod 9:7 לֹא מֵת ֗֗֗ עַדאֶֿחָד, simil. Exod 14:28; Judg 4:16; 2Sam 17:22 (read אֶחָד for ׃אַחַד see Dr). Sts. almost = Latin adeo, 1Sam 2:5 (si vera lectio) עַד עֲקָרָה ילדה שׁבעה even to the barren, she hath borne seven, i.e. even the barren hath, etc., Job 25:5 הן עדיָֿרֵחַ ולא יאהיל, Hag 2:19. In comparisons, to the degree of, even like (rare), Nah 1:10 עַד סִירִים סְבֻכִים (text dubious) entangled even like thorns, 1Chr 4:27 לא הִרְבּוּ עד בני יהודה did not multiply to the degree of (i.e.like), etc. compare. 2Sam 23:19 עַד הַשְּׁלשָׁה לֹא בָא did not attain (in prowess) unto the three.

II. conjunction 1. until; —

a עַד אֲשֶׁר until that: (a) with perfect, of past time, Exod 32:20 ויטחן עד אשׁר דָּק (Deut 9:21), Deut 2:14 עד אשׁר עָבַרְנוּ, Josh 3:17; Josh 8:26; Judg 4:24; 1Kgs 10:7 (2Chr 9:6), 2Kgs 17:20; 2Kgs 17:23; 2Kgs 21:16 with suggestion of degree, 1Sam 30:4 (followed byאֵין), 1Kgs 17:17 rarely of future time (the 'future perfect,' Dr^{§ 17}), 2Sam 17:13 (of degree), Ezek 34:21 So -עַד שֶׁ (often in Late Hebrew; see שֶׁ) Judg 5:7; Song 3:4 (twice in verse); עַד כִּי Gen 26:13 עַד כִּיגָֿדַל מְאֹד, Gen 41:49; 2Sam 23:10; 2Chr 26:15 and (of future time) עַד אֲשֶׁר אִם Gen 28:15; Num 32:17; Isa 6:11.
(b) with imperfect, usually of future time, Gen 27:44 עַד אֲשֶׁר תָּשׁוּב חֲמַר אָחִיךָ, Gen 29:8; Exod 23:30; Exod 24:14; Lev 22:4; Num 11:20; Num 20:17; 1Sam 22:3; Hos 5:15 +; rarely of past time, Jonah 4:5 עד אשׁר יראה till he should see, Eccl 2:3. So (of the future) -עַד שֶׁ Song 2:7; Song 2:17; Song 3:5; Song 4:6; Song 8:4; Ps 123:2 and עַד כִּי Gen 49:10 עַד כִּייָֿבאֹ שִׁילֹה.

b. עַד alone, until:
(a) with perfect, of past time, Josh 2:22; Josh 4:23 עַדעָֿבַרְנוּ, 1Sam 20:41 עַד דָּוִד הִגְדִּיל, 2Sam 21:10; 1Kgs 11:16; Ezek 28:15 of the future (rare), 2Kgs 7:3 עַד מָ֑תְנוּ, Ezek 39:15; Dan 11:36 עַד כָּלָה זָ֑עַם. So עַד סִם (of the future), Gen 24:19; Gen 24:33; Isa 30:17; Ruth 2:21.
(b) with imperfect, of future time, 1Sam 1:22 (elliptic: compare Judg 16:2, 12 a
(b) end), Isa 22:14; Isa 26:20; Isa 32:15; Isa 62:1; Isa 62:7; Ps 57:2; Ps 71:18; Job 27:5 +; of the past (rare), Exod 15:16 עד יעבור עמך, vExod 15:16; Josh 10:13 (poetry) עַד יִקֹּם גּוֺי אוֺיְבָיו, Ps 73:17. —

N.B. In poetry, עַד is sometimes used to mark not an absolute close, but an epoch or turning-point, in the future, as Ps 110:1 (see De) עַד אָשִׁית אֹיְבֶיךָ הֲדֹם לְרַגְלֶיךָ, Hos 10:12; Job 14:6 (but see 3); after a negative clause, Gen 49:10; Num 23:24; Isa 42:4; Ps 71:18; Ps 112:8; Job 8:21 (but read probably with Ew Hi Di Du al. עֹד he will yet, etc., understanding vJob 8:20 as present, not future).

2. While (rare: compare 12 b): —
a. with perfect, 1Sam 14:19 עד דִּבֶּר שׁאול while Saul spake.
b. with imperfect, Ps 141:10 יַחד אָנֹכִי עַד אֶעֱבֹר while I at the same time pass by.
c. with participle, Job 1:18 עַד זֶה מְדַבֵּר (but read probably עֹד, as vJob 1:16 vJob 1:17), Neh 7:3.
d. -עַד שֶׁ (without verb) Song 1:12. So עַד לֹא while not = ere yet (of past time) Prov 8:26 עד לא עשׂה אדץ (so עַד לָא, , often, e.g. Gen 24:15 ᵑ7, Matt 1:18); and עד אשׁר לא (of the future) Eccl 12:1; Eccl 12:2; Eccl 12:6 (compare Talmud עַד דְּלָא, Mishna שֶׁלּאֹ עַד).

3. Of degree, to the point that, so that even (rare), Isa 47:7 Thou saidst, I shall be for ever a lady, עַד לֹא שַׂמְתְּ אֵלֶּה עַל לִבֵךְ to the point that (going so far in thy pride that) thou didst not, etc. (but Hi Che Du al. join גְּבֶרֶת עַד I shall be for ever, a lady perpetually; see I. עַד); Job 14:6 (Di De Bu Du) to the point that he may enjoy, etc., Isa 22:14 (Du). In Josh 17:14 עַד אֲשֶׁר ׳עַד כֹּה ֵבּרְכַנִי י, read עַל אֲשֶׁר because that (Ges Buhl; compare Di).

III. עַד לְ, a strengthened form for עַד, found chiefly in Chronicles, Ezra, and occurring in most of the above senses. Thus

1. of space: לְבוֺא חֲמָת עַד Josh 13:5; Judg 3:3; 1Chr 13:5, מִדְבָּ֫רָה ׳עד ל 1Chr 5:9, מצרים ׳עד ל 2Chr 16:8 עַד לְמִזְרַהּ הַגָּ֑יְא 1Chr 4:39, עַד לַמְצָד 1Chr 12:17 עַד לִגְרָר 2Chr 14:12 עַד לַשָּׁמַיִם 2Chr 28:9; Ezra 9:6.

2. Of time: עד לעולם 1Chr 23:25; 1Chr 28:7 לְמֵרָחוֺק עַד 2Chr 26:15; Ezra 3:13; Ezra 9:4 עד למנחת הערב; עַד לַדָּבָר הַזֶּה Ezra 10:14 probably during (Keil^Ges Be with regard to, strengthened for לְ); followed by infinitive עַד לַעֲלוֺת הַמִּנְחָה 1Kgs 18:29 עַד לִכְלוֺת 1Chr 28:20; 2Chr 29:28 עַד לְכַלֵּה 2Chr 24:10; 2Chr 31:1 עד להשׁחית 2Chr 26:16 עַד לָמוּת 2Chr 32:24 (|| 2Kgs 20:1 לָמוּת alone); Ezra 10:14 עד להשׁיב.

3. Of degree: עַד לְמַחֲנֶה גָדוֺל even unto (till there was) a great camp, 1Chr 12:23 עַד לְמַ֫עְלָה = exceedingly 2Chr 16:12; 2Chr 17:12; 2Chr 26:8 עַד לִמְאֹד 2Chr 16:14 עַד לְשִׂמְחָה 2Chr 29:30 עַד לָרֹב 2Chr 31:30 עַד לְאֵין מַרְפֵּא 2Chr 36:16.

BDB6199 H6258 H2088 H2009 H5704 H3588

עַתָּ֫ה₄₃₅ (also Ezek 23:43; Ps 74:6 עת Kt, Qr עַתָּה), עָ֑֫תָּה Gen 32:5 +, adverb of time, now (properly accusative of [`int],עֵת (Kö^{ii. 260}), at the time, in particular of the present time, i.e. now; compare German zur Zeit, Arabic at the time, i.e. now); — now:

1. a. Gen 12:19 ועתה הנה אשׁתך and now, behold thy wife, Gen 22:12 כי עתח ידעתי now, I know (so Exod 18:11; Judg 17:13; 1Kgs 17:24 [עַתָּה זֶה], Ps 20:7), Gen 26:22; Gen 26:29; Gen 27:36; Gen 31:13; Gen 31:28, etc., Exod 5:5 הך רבים עתה עם הארץ; whether in opposed to past time, as Gen 32:11; Josh 14:11 כְּכֹחִי אָז וּכְכֹחִי עָ֑תָּה, Judg 11:8; 1Kgs 12:4; Isa 1:21 ועתה מרצחים, Isa 16:14; Hos 2:9 כִּי טוֺב לִי אָז מַעָ֑תָּה, Hos 13:2, Job 30:1 +, or to future, as Num 24:17 אֶרְאֶנּוּ ולא עתה, Judg 8:6 חֲכַף עַתָּהכְּֿיָדֶ֑ךָ ׳זֶבַח וצ, 1Sam 2:16 כִּי עַתָּה תִּתֵּן; = after all Num 22:38; Judg 8:2 = now at last 2Sam 24:16; 1Kgs 19:4; 2Kgs 19:25; Hos 7:2; Jer 4:12 and in the phrase מעתה ועד עולם Isa 9:6; Isa 59:21; (see below), Ps 113:2; Ps 115:18; Ps 121:8; Ps 125:2; Ps 131:3.
b. of the imminent or impending future: Gen 19:9 עַתָּה נָרַע לְךָ מַהֶם. Gen 29:32 כי עתה יאהבני אישׁי, vGen 29:34; Exod 6:1 עתה תראה, Num 11:23; Num 22:4; 2Sam 20:6; Isa 33:10 (Ps 12:6), Isa 43:19; Isa 49:19; Amos 6:7 לכן עתה יִגְלוּ, Isa 49:19; Mic 7:4; Mic 7:10; Dan 10:20 and especially ἀσυνδέτως in Hosea, introducing a punishment, Hos 4:16 ׳וגו ׳עתה יִרְעֵם י Hos 5:7; Hos 8:8; Hos 8:13 (Jer 14:10), Jer 10:2.
c. of a time ideally present (= then, from our point of view): Isa 29:22 לא עתה יבושׁ יעקב, v^b Hos 10:3; Mic 4:9; Mic 4:10; Mic 4:11; Mic 4:14; Mic 5:3.
d. describing a present state = as things are: 1Sam 8:5 thou art old, etc., עתה שִׂימָה לנו מלך, 1Sam 9:6; 1Sam 13:12; 1Sam 14:30; 1Sam 25:7b; 1Sam 27:1 now I shall be swept away one day, etc., 2Kgs 18:20; 2Kgs 18:25; Job 6:21; Job 14:16; Job 16:7.
e. with an Imperative, as an encouragement, implying that the time has come for the exhortation or advice to be followed, Gen 31:13 עתה קים צא, Exod 18:19 עתה שְׁמַע בקולי, Num 22:11; Deut 2:13; 1Sam 30:8.

2. Phrases:
a. עַתָּה זֶה (זְה 4 h) 1Kgs 17:24; 2Kgs 5:22.
b. ועתה and, now, or now, therefore (וְ 4), drawing a conclusion, especially (compare 1 e) a practical one, from what has been stated: Gen 3:22 and now (since man has once been disobedient), lest he put forth his hand, etc., Gen 20:7; Gen 20:23 וְעַתָּה הִשָּֽׁבְעָה לִי הֵ֫נָּה, Gen 27:3; Gen 27:8 ועתה בני שְׁמַע בקולי, Gen 30:30; Gen 31:16; Gen 31:44; Gen 37:20 + often, Isa 5:3; Isa 5:5; Ps 2:10; Gen 11:6 ׳ועתה לאֹיִֿבָּצֵר מֵהֶם וגו, Gen 31:30; Gen 45:8; 2Sam 19:11; Ps 39:8 ועתה מַהקִּֿזִּיתִי אֲדֹנָי, Isa 52:5,
c. וְעַתָּה הִנֵּה stating the ground on which some conclusion or action is to be based, Exod 3:9; Josh 14:10 (twice in verse); 1Sam 12:2; 1Sam 24:21; 1Kgs 1:18; Jer 40:4 (with ועתה usually repeated afer the הנה-clause).
d. גם עתה Gen 44:10; 1Sam 12:16; 1Kgs 14:14; Joel 2:12; Job 16:19.
e. מֵעַתָּה from now, henceforth, Jer 3:4; Isa 48:6; Dan 10:17 (according to some, here = from just now), 2Chr 16:9 מעתה ועד עוּלּסּ, see above 1 a end. feminine עַדעַֿתָּה until now, Gen 32:5, ׳וֶאֵחַר עדעֿ, Deut 12:9 ׳אל הנחלה לא באתם עד ע (opposed to the future), 2Kgs 13:23 especially after clause with מִן, 2Kgs 46:34 ׳מִנְּעוּרֵינוּ וְעַדעֿ (2Sam 19:8; Ezek 4:14), Exod 9:18; 2Kgs 8:6; Ruth 2:7.
g. כִּי עַתָּה for in this case, in our idiom, for them (עתה pointing to a condition assumed as a possible contingency: compare Dr^{§ 141, 142}); (a) Exod 9:15 כי עתה ׳שׁלחתי וגו for then (if the intention expressed in vExod 9:14 had not existed) I should have put forth my hand, etc., Num 22:29 כי עתה הֲרַגְתִּיךְ, 1Sam 13:13; Job 3:13 followed by imperfect Job 6:3 for then (if it were weighed, vJob 6:2) it would be heavier, etc., Job 13:19 for then would I be silent and die; (b) after a protasis, surely then Gen 31:42 + (see כִּי 1 d b, p. 472). — Note. Read כְּמוֺ עַתָּ) (ᵐ5 ᵑ9) as now, for כְּמוֺ עֵת Ezek 16:57, עַתָּ נִשְׁבַּרְתְּ (ᵐ5 ᵑ6 ᵑ9) now art thou broken ! for עֵת נִשְׁבֶּרֶת Ezek 27:34, and probably עַתָּ בָּא (Hi We Kö Now, compare ᵐ5 ᵑ6) for עֶתבּֿאֹ Hag 1:2 also עַתָּה for אַתָּה 1Kgs 1:20, and אַתָּה for עַתָּה v1Kgs 1:18b 2Sam 18:3.

BDB9752 H5705 H5704

עַד₃₅ preposition and conjunction even to, until (Biblical Hebrew III. עַד; so ᵑ7, Syriac, Old Aramaic, Nabataean, Palmyrene, Egyptian Aramaic (Lzb³³⁶ S-C^{A 5} +)); —

1. preposition:
a. of space, even to Dan 7:13 עַדכָּֿא vDan 7:28.
b. of amount, up to Ezra 7:22 (4 t.).
c. of time, until Dan 2:20; Dan 6:15; Dan 6:27; Dan 7:18 (twice in verse); Dan 7:26; Ezra 4:24; Ezra 5:16 וְעַדכְּֿעַן; = our against Ezra 6:15 (compare Biblical Hebrew, p. 724:a top); to (the end of) = during Dan 6:8 עַד יוֺמִין תְּלָתִין, v.Dan 6:13; Dan 7:12; Dan 7:25. On עַדאָֿחֳרָן Dan 4:5 see אָחֳרָן; and on עַדדִּֿבְרַת דִּי Dan 4:14 see [ דִּבְרָה].

2. conjunction:
a. עַדדִּֿי until, followed by perfect (of past time) Dan 2:34; Dan 4:30; Dan 5:21; Dan 7:4; Dan 7:9; Dan 7:11; Dan 7:22 followed by imperfect (of future) Dan 2:9; Dan 4:20; Dan 4:22 (twice in verse); Dan 4:29. — Dan 6:25 ׳לָא מְטוֺ ֗֗֗ עַד דִּי שְׁלִטוּ וג up to the time that . . . , i.e. ere that.
b. עַד alone, Ezra 4:21; Ezra 5:5.

unto, until, to, till, for, …

ʿad

as far (or long, or much) as, whether of space (even unto) or time (during, while, until) or degree (equally with)

(prep) as far as, even to, until, up to, while, as far as

of space

as far as, up to, even to

from...as far as, both...and (with 'min'—from)

even to, until, unto, till, during, end

even to, to the degree of, even like

הָ עוֹלָֽם

הָ

Prefix — article the

עוֹלָֽם

Root word ever, everlasting, old, perpetual, evermore, …

Dictionary form: עוֹלָם · oh-LAWM

Noun — Common, masculine singular, absolute state

In the KJV here: for ever

for ever ×138 ever ×59 endureth for ever ×45 of old ×11 an everlasting ×9 everlasting ×8 and ever ×7 evermore ×7

More options

eternal — Best for God's nature or timeless theological statements.

everlasting — Modernized KJV staple; slightly more poetic than 'eternal'.

forever — Natural, contemporary; ideal for promises and covenants.

ancient — Use when referring to distant past, not future duration.

age-long — Captures indefinite duration without implying strict infinity.

perpetual — Suits legal or covenantal contexts stressing continuity.

BDB6119 H5769 H5865

עוֺלָם₄₃₉ noun masculine long duration, antiquity, futurity; — ׳ע Gen 9:12 + 405 t.; עֹלָם Gen 3:22 + 19 t.; עֵילוֺם 2Chr 33:7, read probably עוֺלָם (for other explanations see note in Kit^Hpt); suffix עֹלָמוֺ Eccl 12:5 plural עוֺלָמִים Isa 26:4 + 7 t., עֹלָמִים Ps 145:13 + 2 t.; construct עוֺלְמֵי Isa 45:17 —

1. of past time:
a. ancient time: ׳יְמֵי ע days of old Isa 63:9; Isa 63:11; Amos 9:11; Mic 5:1; Mic 7:14; ׳יְמוֺת ע Deut 32:7 ׳עַם ע Isa 44:7 ancient people; ׳גּוֺי מֵע Jer 5:15 ׳חָרְבוֺת ע old waste places Isa 58:12; Isa 61:4, compare Ezek 26:20 b; ׳פִּתְחֵי ע ancient gates Ps 24:7; Ps 24:9 ׳ארח ע Job 22:15 ׳נתבות ע Jer 6:16 ׳שְׁבִילֵי ע Jer 18:15 ׳גבול ע Prov 22:28; Prov 23:10 ׳במות ע Ezek 36:2 ׳מִן (מֵ)ע from of old Isa 64:3; Jer 2:20; Joel 2:2, of the fathers Josh 24:2, the prophets Jer 28:8, the ancient נפלים Gen 6:4 (Ezek 32:27 ᵐ5 Co for מערלים; but 1Sam 27:8 read מִטֵּלָם for מעולם We Dr HPS); ׳בהם ע long in them Isa 64:4 (text dubious).
b. ׳מֵתֵי ע the long dead Ps 143:3; Lam 3:6 so ׳עַם ע Ezek 26:20.
c. of God, ׳מֵע: former acts Isa 46:9 as redeemer Isa 63:16 of love Ps 25:6, judgment Ps 119:52, dominion Isa 63:19 long silence Isa 42:14; Isa 57:11

**ᵐ5 ᵑ9 Che^Hpt Du Marti read מֵעְלִם for מֵעוֺלָם, compare I. [עָלַם] Hiph`il Ps 10:1.; his wisdom personified Prov 8:23 his existence Ps 93:2.
d. of things: ׳גבעות ע ancient hills Gen 49:26 (J), Hab 3:6 (|| הרריעֿד), Deut 33:15 (|| הררי קדם).
e. plural שְׁנוֺת עולמים Ps 77:6 years of ancient times; דורות עולמים Isa 51:9 לעלמים Eccl 1:10 = in olden times.

2. a. indefinite futurity, with preposition for ever, always (sometimes = during the lifetime); עֶבֶד עולם slave for ever Deut 15:17; 1Sam 27:12; Job 40:28 ׳עָבַד לע serve for ever Exod 21:6 (E), Lev 25:46 ׳עד ע 1Sam 1:22 ׳גְּאֻלַּת ע Lev 25:32 redemption at any time; ׳הֲרַת ע Jer 20:17 ever pregnant (womb); ׳כְּלִמַּת ע vJer 20:11 of persecutors of Jeremiah; ׳חרפת ע Jer 23:40 ׳שַׁלְוֵי ע Ps 73:12 alway at ease; ׳יְחִי לע (יחיה) may the king live alway 1Kgs 1:31; Neh 2:3 compare אֹרֶךְ יָמִים עולם ועד Ps 21:5 ישׁד עולם לפני אלהים Ps 61:8 so of the pious, לא ימוט ׳לע Ps 15:5 בל ימוט Prov 10:30, compare Ps 30:7 other phrase: Ps 37:27; Ps 37:28; Ps 41:13; Ps 55:23; Ps 61:8; Ps 73:26; Ps 121:8; Prov 10:25 אשׁירה ׳ע Ps 89:2 I will sing for ever (as long as I live), compare Ps 52:10; Ps 115:18; Ps 145:1; Ps 145:2 ׳הוֺדה ע Ps 30:13; Ps 44:9; Ps 52:11; Ps 79:13 other emotions and activities continuous through life Ps 5:12; Ps 31:2 = Ps 71:1; Ps 75:10; Ps 86:12; Ps 119:44; Ps 119:93; Ps 119:98; Ps 119:111; Ps 119:112; Mic 4:5, compare ׳לע Mic 2:9.
b. = continuous existence, (1) of things: the earth, הָאָרֶץ לְעוֺלָם עֹמֶדֶת Eccl 1:4 other phrase: Ps 78:69; Ps 104:5, heavens and contents Ps 148:6, ruined cities Isa 25:2; Isa 32:14; Ezek 26:21; Ezek 27:36; Ezek 28:19, ruined lands Jer 18:16; Jer 25:9; Jer 25:12; Jer 49:13; Jer 49:33; Jer 51:26; Jer 51:62; Ezek 35:9; Zeph 2:9 ׳לעד עד ע Isa 30:8 for a witness for ever, in a book; (2) of nations: לעולם אהיה Isa 47:7 (Babylon loqu.), compare Ps 81:16; Obad 1:10 ׳ישׁב לע of Judah Joel 4:20 (3) families Ps 49:12; Isa 14:20 the dynasty of Saul 1Sam 13:13 house of Eli 1Sam 2:30 (4) national relations: איבת ׳ע continual enmity Ezek 25:15; Ezek 35:5 of exclusion from ׳קהל י, ׳עד ע Deut 23:4 = Neh 13:1 various relations Isa 32:17; Isa 34:10 ׳חרפת ע perpetual reproach Ps 78:66, of dynasty of David 2Sam 3:28; 2Sam 12:10; 1Kgs 2:33, families v1Kgs 2:33; 2Kgs 5:27; Ps 106:31; Jer 35:6.
c. of divine existence: אל עולם Gen 21:33 (J); ׳אלהי ע Isa 40:28 ׳חי אנכי לע Deut 32:40 ׳חֵי הע Dan 12:7 of divine name, ׳זה שׁמי לְע Exod 3:15 (E), compare 2Chr 33:7 (see above); blessing and praise of it 2Sam 7:26 = 1Chr 17:24; Ps 72:19; Ps 135:13 of ׳י himself Ps 89:53 attributes, אהבה Jer 31:3; 1Kgs 10:9 חסד Isa 54:8; Ps 89:2; Ps 138:8 חַסְדּוֺ ׳לע 1Chr 26:34; 1Chr 26:41; 2Chr 5:13; 2Chr 7:3; 2Chr 7:6; 2Chr 20:21; Ezra 3:11; Ps 100:5; Ps 106:1; Ps 107:1; Ps 118:1; Ps 118:2; Ps 118:3; Ps 118:4; Ps 118:29; Ps 136:1 + 25 t., Jer 33:11 כבוד Ps 104:31 אמת Ps 117:2; Ps 146:6 צדק Ps 119:142 עצה Ps 33:11 reign Exod 15:18 (E), Ps 10:16; Ps 66:7; Ps 92:9; Ps 146:10; Jer 10:10; Mic 4:7 ישׁב ׳יהוה לע Ps 9:8; Ps 29:10; Ps 102:13; Lam 5:19 presence in Zion 1Chr 23:25; Isa 33:14; Isa 60:19; Isa 60:20; Ezek 37:28; Ezek 43:7; Ezek 43:9 his salvation Isa 51:6; Isa 51:8 ׳זרעת ע Deut 33:27 everlasting arms; ׳כל אשׁר יעשׂה האלהים יהיה לע Eccl 3:14.
d. of God's covenant: ׳בְּרִית ע everlasting covenant Gen 9:16; Gen 17:7; Gen 17:13; Gen 17:19; Exod 31:16; Lev 24:8; Num 18:19 (all P), 2Sam 23:5; 1Chr 16:17 = Ps 105:10; Isa 24:5; Isa 55:3; Isa 61:8; Jer 32:40; Jer 50:5; Ezek 16:60; Ezek 37:26 covenant with Noah, ׳לְדֹרֹת ע Gen 9:12 (P); God remembers it 1Chr 16:15 = Ps 105:8; Ps 111:5 will not break it, ׳לע Judg 2:1 ׳אוֺת ע Exod 31:17 (P); ׳אוֺת עד ע Deut 28:46.
e. of God's laws: דבר(יםׅ Isa 59:21; Ps 119:89 משׁפט Ps 119:160 עדות vPs 119:144 vPs 119:152 ׳חק ע Exod 29:28; Exod 30:21 (E), Lev 6:11; Lev 6:15; Lev 7:34; Lev 10:15; Lev 24:9; (P), also Jer 5:22 (of bounds of sea); ׳חק עד ע Exod 12:24 (J), ׳חֻקַּת ע vExod 12:14 vExod 12:17; Exod 27:21; Exod 28:43; Exod 29:9; Lev 3:17; Lev 7:36; Lev 10:9; Lev 16:29; Lev 10:31; Lev 10:34; Lev 17:7; Lev 23:14; Lev 23:21; Lev 23:31; Lev 23:41; Lev 24:3; Lev 24:8; Num 10:8; Num 15:15; Num 18:23; Num 19:10; Num 19:21 (P) (most of these in fact specifically Jewish and temporary); temple to bear God's name, ׳עד ע 1Kgs 9:3 = 2Chr 7:16 ׳לע 2Kgs 21:7; 2Chr 33:4 consecrated ׳לע 2Chr 30:8 its ceremonies ׳לע 2Chr 2:3 Levitical priesthood, לשׁרתו ׳עד ע, 1Chr 15:2 Aaronic priesthood, ׳לברך בשׁמ ׳עד ע 1Chr 23:13 (twice in verse). feminine of God's promises: his word, ׳יקום לע Isa 40:8 promised dynasty of David, עד ׳(ה)ע 2Sam 7:13; 2Sam 7:16 (twice in verse); 2Sam 7:25 = 1Chr 17:12; 1Chr 17:14 (twice in verse); 1Chr 17:23, Ps 18:51 = 2Sam 22:51; 1Kgs 2:33; 1Kgs 2:45; 1Chr 22:10; Ps 89:5 ׳לע 1Kgs 9:5; 1Chr 28:4; 1Chr 28:7; 2Chr 13:5; Ps 89:29; Ps 89:37; 2Sam 7:29 (twice in verse) = 1Chr 17:27 (twice in verse); of holy land 1Chr 28:8, ׳אֲחֻזַּת ע Gen 17:8; Gen 48:4; Lev 25:34 (P); given ׳לע Exod 32:13 (J) 2Chr 20:7 ׳עד ע Gen 13:15, inherited ׳לע Isa 60:21; Ps 37:18 ׳עד ע Isa 34:17 dwelt in ׳עד ע Ezek 37:25 other blessings, ׳לע Deut 5:26; Hos 2:21 ׳עד ע Deut 12:28; 2Sam 7:24 = 1Chr 17:22; Ps 133:3 ׳שִׂמְחַת ע Isa 35:10; Isa 51:11; Isa 61:7 ׳דֶּרֶח ע Ps 139:24 ׳שׁם ע Isa 56:5; Isa 63:12 ׳אות ע Isa 55:13 ׳נאון ע Isa 60:15 Jerusalem to abide ׳לע Jer 17:25; Ps 125:1, compare Jer 31:40 ׳עד ע Ps 48:9.
g. of relations between God and his people, ׳לע 1Chr 29:18; Ps 45:18; Ps 85:6; Ps 103:9; Ps 145:21; Isa 57:16; Jer 3:5; Jer 3:12; Lam 3:31; Joel 2:26; Joel 2:27 ׳עד (ה)ע Ps 28:9; Mal 1:4.
h. of Messianic dynasty and king: ׳(ל)ע Ps 110:4 having divine throne Ps 45:7 name endures Ps 72:17 established Ps 89:38 God blesses him Ps 45:3 of his reign, ׳מעתה ועד ע Isa 9:6.
i. = indefinite, unending future: live ׳לע Gen 3:22 = Job 7:16 יִחְיוּ ׳הנביאים הלע Zech 1:5 the prophets, can they live for ever ? compare ׳חדל לע Ps 49:9 with negative never Ezra 9:12; Prov 27:24.
j. after death: ׳שׁנת ע Jer 51:39; Jer 51:57 ׳בית ע Eccl 12:5 ׳חַיֵּי ע Dan 12:2 ׳דראון ע vDan 12:2 also vDan 12:3; Jonah 2:7; Eccl 2:16; Eccl 9:6.
k. = age (duration) of the world: את העלם נתן בְּלִבָּם Eccl 3:11 the age of the world he hath set, etc. (compare especially Late Hebrew; others i).

1. plural intensive everlastingness, eternity: תשׁועת עולמים Isa 45:17 צדק עלמים Dan 9:24 צור עולמים Isa 26:4 (RVm rock of ages); מלכוּת כל עלמים Ps 145:13 also Ps 61:5; Ps 77:8; 1Kgs 8:13 = 2Chr 6:2. masculine special phrase: (מן) מ(ה)עולם (ו)עד (ה)עולם from everlasting to everlasting, of ׳י Ps 90:2, ׳חסד י Ps 103:17 benedictions 1Chr 16:36 = Ps 106:48; Neh 9:5; 1Chr 29:10; Ps 41:14 the land given למן עולם ועד עולם Jer 7:7; Jer 25:5 מעתה ועד עולם from now and for ever Ps 115:18; Ps 121:8 (i.e. as long as one lives); of people's hope in God Ps 131:3 dynasty of David Isa 9:6 of God's acts, words, etc. Mic 4:7; Isa 59:21; Ps 125:2, compare Ps 113:2 — see further I. עַד p. 723.

עֵילוֺם see עוֺלָם. עֲלָמוֺת see עַלְמָה, II. עלם.

עַלמֿוּת, עַלמֿוּת לַבֵן see עַלְמָה, II. עלם.

BDB9773 H5957 H5769

עָלַם noun [masculine] perpetuity, antiquity (see Biblical Hebrew III> עלם, עוֺלָם); — ׳ע absolute Dan 3:33 +, construct Dan 7:18 emphatic עָֽלְמָא Dan 2:20 +; plural עָֽלְמִין Dan 2:4 +, emphatic עָֽלְמַיָּא Dan 2:44; Dan 7:18 — perpetuity in the future: ׳מַלְכוּת ע Dan 3:33; Dan 7:27, compare Dan 4:31; Dan 7:14 ׳ע as adverb for ever Dan 4:31 עַדעָֽֿלְמָא וְעַדעָֿלַם עָֽלְמַיָּא Dan 7:18 plural ׳לְע for ever Dan 2:4; Dan 2:44; Dan 2:44; Dan 3:9; Dan 5:10; Dan 6:7; Dan 6:22; Dan 6:27 antiquity, מִןיֿוֺמָת עָֽלְמָא Ezra 4:15; Ezra 4:19 of limitless time both past and future: ׳וְעַדעֿ ׳מִןעֿ Dan 2:20.

ever, everlasting, old, perpetual, evermore, …

ʿôlām

properly, concealed, i.e., the vanishing point; generally, time out of mind (past or future), i.e., (practically) eternity; frequentatively, adverbial (especially with prepositional prefix) always

long duration, antiquity, futurity, for ever, ever, everlasting, evermore, perpetual, old, ancient, world

ancient time, long time (of past)

for ever, always

Word Breakdown

Vowels & Accents

Grammar Vhv2ms/Sh

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Brown-Driver-Briggs (BDB)

Strong's Definition H3467

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Vowels & Accents

Grammar To

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Brown-Driver-Briggs (BDB)

Strong's Definition H853

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Vowels & Accents

Grammar Ncmsc/Sp2ms

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Brown-Driver-Briggs (BDB)

Strong's Definition H5971

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Vowels & Accents

Grammar C/Vpv2ms

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Brown-Driver-Briggs (BDB)

Strong's Definition H1288

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Vowels & Accents

Grammar To

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Brown-Driver-Briggs (BDB)

Strong's Definition H853

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Vowels & Accents

Grammar Ncfsc/Sp2ms

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Brown-Driver-Briggs (BDB)

Strong's Definition H5159

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Vowels & Accents

Grammar C/Vqv2ms/Sp3mp

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Brown-Driver-Briggs (BDB)

Strong's Definition H7462

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Vowels & Accents

Grammar C/Vpv2ms/Sp3mp

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Brown-Driver-Briggs (BDB)

Strong's Definition H5375

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Vowels & Accents

Grammar R

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Brown-Driver-Briggs (BDB)

Strong's Definition H5704

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Vowels & Accents

Grammar Td/Ncmsa

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Brown-Driver-Briggs (BDB)

Strong's Definition H5769

Masoretic Phrasing

KJV