Psalms 59:6

יָשׁ֣וּבוּ לָ֭עֶרֶב יֶהֱמ֥וּ כַכָּ֗לֶב וִיס֥וֹבְבוּ עִֽיר
They return at evening: they make a noise like a dog, and go round about the city.
Select a Hebrew word above to see its details.

יָשׁ֣וּבוּ
יָשׁ֣וּבוּ
Root word return, again, returned, turn, back, …
Dictionary form: שׁוּב · shoob

Verb — Qal, Imperfect (Yiqtol), third person masculine plural simple action — "he did" not-yet-complete action — try "he will ___" or "he ___s" the built-in subject is "they"

In the KJV here: they return
return ×69 returned ×56 and returned ×24 shall return ×23 again ×22 turn ×21 to return ×16 turn again ×13
More options
return — Most direct modern equivalent; fits most contexts.
turn back — Emphasizes reversal of direction or course.
come back — Informal, relational tone; good for personal or narrative contexts.
restore — Best when the subject brings something back to prior state.
repent — Prefer in theological contexts of moral/spiritual turning.
go back — Stresses departure from current position; informal register.

BDB8502 H7725

BDB8501 | BIBLICAL HEBREW | BDB8503

שׁוּב1056 verb turn back, return (Late Hebrew id.; Hiph`il in MI8 f. 12; Sabean תֿיב, התֿב, especially requite OsZMG xix (1865), 198 SabDenkmNo. 20, l. 1 HomChrest. 122 CISiv. 81, i. 9, etc.; Arabic return, so Aramaic תּוּב, ); —

Qal685 Perfect 3 masculine singular שָׁב Gen 18:33 +, 3 feminine singular שָׁ֫בָה Ruth 1:15 +, וְשָׁבַת consecutive Ezek 46:17 (Ges«GKC:72o»§ 72o, but Co Toy Krae וְשֶׁבָה), 2 masculine singular שַׁבְתָּ Ps 85:2, etc.; Imperfect 3 masculine singular יָשׁוּב Hos 11:5 + often, יָשֻׁב Ps 146:4; Lam 3:3, jussive יָשֹׁב Judg 7:3 +, וַיָּ֫שָׁב Gen 26:18 +; 3 feminine plural תָּשֹׁבְןָ Ezek 16:55 (twice in verse), תְּשֻׁבֶינָה vEzek 16:55, etc.; Imperative masculine singular שׁוּב Gen 31:3 +, שֻׁב Exod 4:19; 1Kgs 18:43, שׁוּ֫בָה Hos 14:2 +, feminine plural שֹׁבְנָה Ruth 1:8; Ruth 1:11; Ruth 1:12, etc.; Infinitive absolute שׁוֺב Gen 8:3 +, construct שׁוּב Exod 4:21 +, שֹׁב Josh 2:16 (Ges«GKC:72q»§ 72q), etc.; Participle שָׁב Gen 43:18 +, feminine singular שָׁבָ֫ה Ruth 1:22 +, etc.; passive construct שׁוּבֵי Mic 2:8 — turn back, return:
1. turn back, with מִן local Judg 3:19; Judg 8:13, compare Judg 7:3, with מֵאַחֲרֵי person, i.e. from following 2Sam 11:15; 1Kgs 19:21; Ruth 1:16, from pursuing 2Sam 2:26; 2Sam 2:30; 1Kgs 22:33 = 2Chr 18:32 with מִן of pursuit 1Sam 17:53; 1Sam 23:28, compare 2Chr 11:4 with אַחֲרֵי person, i.e. so as to follow 1Sam 15:31; 2Sam 23:10 turn back in fear, מִן of thing Job 39:22 (of horse), מִפְּנֵי כֹל Prov 30:30 (of lion), so absolute (of foes) Ps 6:11; Ps 56:10; Ps 70:4, in shame Lam 1:8 turn back and do so and so: Gen 14:7; Exod 14:2, compare Num 33:7 (עַל location, both P), Josh 8:21 (E), Josh 11:10 (J), 1Chr 21:20, followed by infinitive 2Chr 20:27 absolute turn back (face about) Song 7:1 (4 t. in verse) (+ verb); = be repulsed, defeated Ps 9:4; Ps 74:21 figurative turn back, namely, from a promise or a vow Judg 11:35 with מִן of service Num 8:25 (P), i.e. be exempt.
2. return, come or go back, with מֵעַל person 1Sam 17:15 (opposed to הלד), 2Sam 10:14; 2Kgs 18:14, מִן person Josh 10:31 (+ בְּשָׁלוֺם), מִן local, especially from foreign land 2Kgs 8:3; 2Chr 10:2; Ruth 1:6; Ruth 1:22; Ruth 2:6; Ruth 4:3; Jer 31:16; Jer 40:12; Jer 43:5; Jer 44:28; Ezra 6:21; Neh 8:17, מֵהַכּוֺת Gen 14:17 (J E ?), 1Sam 17:57; 1Sam 18:6; 2Sam 1:1; 2Sam 8:13, מֵאַחֲרֵי i.e. from pursuing 1Sam 24:2 (Gi v.1Sam 23:1); figurative, מִנִּי חשֶׁךְ ׳לֹא שׁ Job 15:22 (see חשֶׁךְ 3 a); עִבְרוּ זָשׁוּבוּ מִשַּׁעַר לָשַׁעַר Exod 32:27 (J), i.e. go back and forth from gate to gate, compare (absolute) participle as substantive עֹבֵר וָשָׁב Zech 7:14; Zech 9:8 and (= all persons) Ezek 35:7 also וַיֵּצֵא יָצוֺא וָשׁוֺב Gen 8:7 (J), רָצוֺא וָשׁוֺב Ezek 1:14 (strike out Hi Co Toy and others; yet see Krae); Gen 8:3 (J) see הלד 4 c (4).
3. especially return unto:
  a. go back, אֶל person Num 23:5; Num 23:16 (JE), 2Kgs 1:6 (|| הָלַךְ, as often), Exod 5:22 (J; ׳אֶליֿ), Exod 32:31 (E; id), Num 17:15 (P), 2Sam 20:22 (+ accusative of location), Jer 46:16 (both + אֶל location), + 17 t.; אֶל location also Gen 21:32; Gen 28:21 (both E), 2Sam 11:4; Hos 5:15 (of ׳י), 2Chr 19:1 (+ בְּשָׁלוֺם, + ל person), Esth 2:14 (opposed to בּוֺא), Esth 7:8 (+ מִן local), + 27 t.; of a dog עַלקֵֿאוֺ ׳שׁ Prov 26:11 ל location Gen 18:33 (J), 1Sam 26:25; 1Sam 29:4; 1Kgs 19:15 (+ ה- locative), Gen 33:16 (J; לְדַרְכּוֺ, + id.), Ps 7:8 (of ׳י), + 25 t.; ל person Ruth 1:10 (לְעַמֵךְ); ה- locative also Gen 44:13 (J), Exod 4:20; Exod 4:21 (R), Exod 13:17 (E), + 5 t.; שָׁם (= שָׁ֫מָּה) Jer 22:27 accusative of location also Hos 8:13; Hos 9:3; 1Sam 18:2; 2Sam 3:27; 2Sam 15:27 (+ בְּשָׁלוֺם), 2Kgs 2:25 (+ מִן local), + 15 t.; accusative דֶּרֶךָ Ezek 46:9 accusative of person Num 10:36 אַחֲרֵי person Ruth 1:15 absolute 2Sam 3:16; 2Sam 19:16 (+ בּוֺא), 1Kgs 18:43; Jer 40:5 (< strike out ᵐ5 Gie Du), Ezek 7:13b (strike out ᵐ5 Co Krae and others) +; followed by verb, go back and do so and so, Gen 43:2; 1Sam 1:19; 1Sam 29:7 (שׁוּב וְלֵךְ בְּשָׁלוֺם), 1Kgs 13:22; 2Chr 18:16 (+ בְּשָׁלוֺם) +, (Jer 42:10 read יָשׁוֺב Vrss and modern); followed by infinitive purpose Judg 14:8; 2Sam 6:20 + 10 t.
  b. come back, אֶל person Gen 8:9 (J; + אֶל location), Exod 24:14 (J), 1Sam 23:23 + 2Sam 17:3 (ᵐ5 Ew Th We Dr HPS Bu), 1Kgs 12:15 (opposed to הָלַךְ) + 9 t. + (in hostility) Judg 20:48 אֶל location also Zech 8:3 (subject ׳י); Josh 22:32 (P) has מֵאֵת person + מִן local + אֶל location + אֶל person; אֶל of thing Ezek 7:13 עַל person Neh 4:6; Mic 5:2 (be reunited to); עַל location 1Kgs 17:21; 1Kgs 17:22 ל location Josh 1:15 (R), Zech 1:16 (subject ׳י), 2Chr 30:9 + (from exile) 5 t.; ל animal., Job 39:4 ה- locative Gen 15:16 (E), Gen 50:14 (J); accusative of location 2Chr 19:8 שָׁם Jer 20:11 (opposed to יָצָא), שָׁ֫מָּה vJer 20:27, הֵ֫נָּה Jer 31:8 absolute Gen 43:10 (J), 2Sam 10:5; 2Kgs 1:5; Isa 21:12 (|| אָתָה), Job 39:12 (Kt, so Bu Du; of wild ox), + often; + בְּשָׁלוֺם Judg 8:9; 1Kgs 22:28 (שׁוֺב תָּשׁוּב) = 2Chr 18:27; 2Chr 18:26 + verb, come back and do so and so, Deut 1:45; Deut 30:8; Jer 37:8; 1Kgs 19:7; 1Kgs 20:5; 2Kgs 9:36; Ps 60:2 (title), compare Zech 4:1; Dan 11:10, לָשֶׁבֶת ׳שׁ Num 35:32 (P), לָלֶכֶת ׳שׁ Eccl 5:14.
4. a. of dying, אֶלֿ(הֶ)עָפָר ׳שׁ Gen 3:19 (twice in verse) (J), Ps 104:29; Eccl 3:20, עַלעָֿפָר Job 34:15 לְאַדְמָתוֺ ׳שׁ Ps 146:4, compare אָשׁוּב שָׁ֫מָּה (i.e. בֶּטֶן אִמּוֺ) Job 1:21 (see Di Bu, also Eccl 5:14); לִשְׁא֑וֺלָה ׳שׁ Ps 9:18 so probably absolute Ps 90:3 (> come back to life); of (human) dust, עַלהָֿאָרֶץ ׳שׁ Eccl 12:7 breath, אֶלהָֿאֱלֹהַים ׳שׁ vEccl 12:7.
  b. of revival from death, לְבֵיתוֺ ׳שׁ Job 7:10, absolute Job 10:21 (opposed to הָלַךְ), Job 16:22 (id.), Prov 2:19 also with אֶל person 2Sam 12:13.
5. figurative of human relations:
  a. return to leader, king, אֶל person, Judg 11:8; 1Kgs 12:27 (twice in verse); to divorced wife Jer 3:1 (opposed to הלד).
  b. = change so as to approach (in purpose, desire), אֶלֿ person Jer 15:9 (twice in verse).
  c. turn, i.e. resort to, ל person Ps 119:79.
  d. return to a physical condition Job 33:25 (ל of thing); to a state or course of life, ל of thing Isa 23:17; Ezek 16:55 (3 t. in verse); Neh 9:17; Ps 85:9 עַל of thing Jer 11:10, הֲלוֺם Ps 73:10 (but corrupt); ב Jer 8:6 (Du reads שָׁט for שָׁב).
  e. absolute = change course of action; from good to bad, וַיָּשָׁב וַיִּמְרָראבּוֺ 2Kgs 24:1; Jer 34:11; Jer 34:16 bad to good vJer 34:15 so ׳שׁ alone Job 6:29 (twice in verse) (probably; read וְשׁוּבוּ, so Di Da Bu and others; other interpretations De Du and others). feminine passive participle = averse, שׁוּבֵי מִלְחָמָה Mic 2:8 (> We Now שְׁבִי spoil of war).
6. figurative, specifically of spiritual relations:
  a. turn back from God, = apostatize, ׳מֵאַחֲרֵי י Num 14:43 (J), 1Sam 15:11; 1Kgs 9:6 (שׁוֺב תְּשֻׁב֫וּן), Jer 3:19; Num 32:15; Josh 22:16; Josh 22:18; Josh 22:23; Josh 22:29 (all P); absolute (usually + verb) Judg 2:19; Judg 8:33; Josh 23:12 (RD), Jer 8:4; Ps 78:41; 2Chr 7:19.
  b. of ׳י, turn away, מֵאַחֲרֵי person Deut 23:15.
  c. turn back to God (= seek penitently), ׳אֶליֿ Hos 6:1; Hos 7:10; Hos 14:3; Jer 3:7; 1Kgs 8:33; 1Kgs 8:48 (בְּכָלֿ לֵבָב), + 18 t.; אֶלאֱֿלֹהִים Hos 5:4; Ps 51:15, compare Isa 10:21 ׳עַליֿ 2Chr 15:4; 2Chr 30:9 ׳עַדיֿ Amos 4:6; Amos 4:8; Amos 4:9; Amos 4:10; Amos 4:11; Hos 14:2; Isa 9:12 + 5 t.; עַדשַֿׁדַּי Job 22:23 ׳לי Isa 31:6, נַפְשִׁי ׳שׁ לִמְנוּחָ֑יְכְי Ps 116:7 compare לַבַּעַל Hos 7:16 (for לֹא עָל, Now, compare Marti); לְתוֺכַחְתִּי Prov 1:23 (probably strike out, see Toy).
  d. absolute repent, Hos 3:15; Hos 11:5; Isa 6:10; Isa 10:22; Jer 3:7; Jer 3:12; Jer 3:14; Jer 3:22; Jer 4:1; Jer 5:3 + 14 t., + participle as substantive Isa 1:27.
  e. turn back from evil, with מִן (especially Jeremiah, Ezekiel) 1Kgs 8:35; 1Kgs 13:33; Jer 15:7; Jer 18:8 + 8 t. Jeremiah; Ezek 3:19; Ezek 13:22 + 12 t. Ezekiel,+ 9 t.; compare שָׁבֵי פֶשַׁע Isa 59:20 שׁוּבוּ וְהָשִׁיבוּ מִן Ezek 18:30, so with מֵעַל Ezek 14:6 from good, with מִן, Ezek 3:20; Ezek 18:24; Ezek 18:26; Ezek 33:18. feminine of ׳י, מֵחֲרוֺן אַפּוֺ ׳שׁ Exod 32:12 (JE), Deut 13:18; Josh 7:26 (J), 2Kgs 23:26; Jonah 3:9 ׳מִמֶּנּוּ אַףיֿ ׳שׁ Hos 14:5; Jer 2:35; Jer 4:8; Num 25:4 (P), 2Chr 12:12; 2Chr 29:10; 2Chr 30:8, so (man's anger) Gen 27:45 (J) and (absolute) vGen 27:44 (E); absolute of ׳אַףיֿ Isa 5:25; Isa 9:11; Isa 9:16; Isa 9:20; Isa 10:4; Isa 12:1; (opposed to יָצָא vJer 23:19), Jer 30:24; Job 14:13; Dan 9:16.
  g. of ׳י, return (to shew favour), אֶל person Gen 18:10 (+ infinitive absolute), vGen 18:14; Zech 1:3; Mal 3:7; 2Chr 30:6, absolute Isa 63:17; Ps 80:15 (|| הִבִּיט, פָּקַד), Ps 90:13, + verb Jer 12:15; Ps 6:5; Joel 2:14; Jonah 3:9 also in hostility, + verb Josh 24:20 (E), with infinitive purpose Hos 11:9.
  h. of ׳י, turn back from (מִן) judgment Jer 4:28, אֱמֶת Ps 132:11 מֵאַחֲרֵי person, i.e. cease to bless, Jer 32:40.
7. of inanimate things (sometimes personified, or treated as things of life):
  a. as perceptibly moving, water Gen 8:3 (J; מֵעַל location), Josh 4:18 (J; ל location), Exod 14:26 (P; עַל person), vExod 14:28 (P; + verb), Ps 104:9 (ל infinitive), sea Exod 14:27 (J; לְאֵיתָנוֺ); wind Ps 78:39 (opposed to הלד), Eccl 1:6 (עַל location); shadow 2Kgs 20:9; 2Kgs 20:10 (+ אֲחֹרַנִּית), || Isa 38:8 (sun on dial), of breath (= revive) Judg 15:19; 1Sam 30:12 (אֶל person); clouds Eccl 12:2 (מִן temporal); rain and snow Isa 55:10 (ה locative); rolling stone Prov 26:27 sword 2Sam 1:22 (מִן of thing), Ezek 21:10, arrow Jer 50:9 of plague-spot = re-appear, Lev 14:43 (P).
  b. = be brought back, Gen 43:18 (J), 1Sam 5:11 (ל location), hence be restored, ל person Ezek 46:17, so of kingdom 1Kgs 12:26, city 1Sam 7:14 (Ezek 35:9 see ישׁב 4), field Lev 27:24 (P); of animal Deut 28:31.
  c. = be turned into, ל of thing, Isa 29:17 = be turned back into, עַד thing, Mic 1:7.
  d. return, figurative of word, (1) Isa 45:23, with אֶל person Isa 55:11 (both opposed to יָצָא); (2) Ps 35:13 my prayer turned upon (עַל) my bosom (was uttered with bowed head, De Bae Du).
  e. turn away, depart, of infamy Prov 25:10. feminine return (in recompense), of crime, evil, etc., with בְּראֹשׁ 1Kgs 2:33; Obad 1:15; Ps 7:17, עַלרֿאֹשׁ Esth 9:25, ל person Ps 54:7 (Kt; > Qr Hiph`il), Prov 12:14.
  g. Ps 94:15 judgement (-giving) shall return to (עַד) righteousness (be in accord therewith).
  h. of boundary, = change (sometimes reverse) direction (P), ה- locative Josh 19:12 (+ מִן local), vJosh 19:34 (+ accusative of location), accusative of location also vJosh 19:27 vJosh 19:29 (+ עַד location), vJosh 19:29.
  i. be restored to healthy condition, of withered hand 1Kgs 13:6 (twice in verse) (אֶל person), leprous hand Exod 4:7 (J; with כ compare), flesh 2Kgs 5:10 (ל person), v2Kgs 5:14; Lev 13:16 (|| נֶהְפַּךְ לְלָבָן).
8. denoting repetition, etc. (Ges«GKC:120d»§ 120 d g): + verb, return (and) do = do again, Gen 26:18; Gen 30:31; Num 11:4 (all J), Judg 19:7; 1Sam 3:5; 1Sam 3:6; 1Kgs 13:33; 1Kgs 19:6; 2Kgs 1:11; 2Kgs 1:13; 2Kgs 19:9; 2Kgs 21:3 = 2Chr 33:3; Jer 18:4; Jer 36:28; Zech 5:1; Zech 6:1; Mal 1:4; Job 10:16; Job 17:10; Ps 7:13; Dan 9:25, perhaps also 2Chr 19:4 compare Isa 6:13 = it, in turn, shall be destroyed (destruction shall be repeated in its case), Lam 3:3 apparently = do repeatedly; ׳שׁ + Infinitive absolute Eccl 4:1; Eccl 4:7; Eccl 9:11 in comparative עוֺד תָּשׁוּב תִּרְאֶה Ezek 8:6 thou shalt see yet greater abominations, so vEzek 8:13 and (מִן compare) vEzek 8:15 ׳שׁ + Infinitive construct Deut 24:4; Deut 30:9; Josh 5:2 (RD), Jer 36:28; Ezek 8:17; Ezra 9:14; Neh 9:28; Job 7:7; Eccl 1:7 = reverse one's action, + verb Josh 2:23 (E), Hos 2:11; 2Kgs 13:25; Deut 30:3; Mic 7:19; Zech 8:15; Ps 71:20 (twice in verse); Ps 85:7 = restore to original condition by doing, + verb Deut 23:14.
9. transitive, peculiarly, in phrase ׳שׁ שְׁבוּת restore captivity of, etc., approximately 21 t. (see שְׁבוּת below שָׁבָה); צִיּוֺן ׳י ׳שׁ Isa 52:8, ׳שׁ with suffix person Ps 85:5 elsewhere only ׳אֶתגְּֿאוֺן יַעֲקֹב וגו ׳וְשָׁב י Nah 2:3, compare
Hiph`il 6.

Po`el 1. bring back, Perfect 1 singular וְשֹׁבַבְתִּ֫י, with accusative of person + אֶל location Jer 50:19 (׳י subject), Infinitive construct suffix בְּשׁוֺבְבִי, with מִן local Ezek 39:27 and (figurative) לְשׁוֺבֵב, with אֶל person Isa 49:5 Imperfect 2 masculine singular תְּשׁוֺבֵב לָנוּ Ps 60:3 = take us back into power.
2. a. figurative restore, refresh, 3 masculine singular נַפְשִׁי יְשׁוֺבֵב Ps 23:3 (׳י subject); compare Hiph`il 2 b. b. restore, repair, Participle מְשׁוֺבֵב נְתִיבוֺח לָשָׁ֑בֶת Isa 58:12.
3. lead away (enticingly), Perfect 1 singular suffix (of Gog), ׳י subject, וְשׁוֺבַבְתִּיךָ Ezek 38:4 (strike out Co), ׳וְשׁ Ezek 39:2 so figurative 3 feminine singular suffix וְדַעְתֵךְ הִיא שׁוֺבְבָ֑תֶךְ Isa 47:10 (of Babylonian ); — Jer 50:6 see
Qal. 4. shew turning = apostatize (compare Hiph`il 8), Perfect 3 feminine singular שׁוֺבְבָה Jer 8:5 (read שׁוֺבֵב, and strike out ירושׁלם, with ᵐ5). — See also שׁוֺבֵב infra. Pu`lal Participle feminine מְשׁוֺבֶ֫בֶת Ezek 38:8 a land restored + מִן of thing. — See also שׁוֺבָב infra.

Hiph`il353 Perfect 3 masculine singular Gen 41:13 +; suffix וַהֲשִׁיבְֱ Gen 40:13, וֶהֱשִׁיבְךָ Deut 28:68 2 masculine singular הֱשִׁיבוֺתָ Ps 85:4, וַהֲשֵׁבֹתָ֫ Deut 4:39; Deut 30:1, suffix וַהֲשֵׁיבוֺתָם 2Chr 6:25 1 singular consecutive וַהֲשִׁיב֫וֺתִי Amos 1:8, וַהֲשִׁבֹתִ֫י Num 22:8 +, suffix וְהוֺשְׁבוֺתִים Zech 10:6 (but read וַהֲשִׁבוֺתִים, see ישׁב Hiph`il), etc.; Imperfect 3 masculine singular יָשִׁיב Exod 21:34 +, (read יָשִׁב Dan 11:18; Dan 11:19 > Qr vDan 11:18 יָשֵׂם), וַיָּ֫שֶׁב Gen 20:14 +; suffix יְשִׁבֵנִי 2Sam 15:8 +, וַיְשִׁיבֵם 2Chr 19:4 + 1Sam 12:8 Vrss We Dr and others; 3 feminine plural תָּשֵׁבְנָה Job 20:10, etc.; Imperative masculine singular הָשֵׁב Gen 20:7 +, הָשֵׁיב 2Kgs 8:6, הָשַׁ֑ב Isa 42:22, so הָשַׁ֖ב Ezek 21:35 (see Ke and still Toy; Ew Sm Krae Infinitive absolute הָשֵׁב), הָשִׁיבָה Judg 11:13 +, etc.; Infinitive absolute הָשֵׁב Exod 23:4 +; construct הָשִׁיב Gen 42:35 +, etc.; Participle מֵשִׁיב Gen 20:7 +, etc.; — cause to return, bring back:

1. a. with accusative of person + אֶל location Gen 24:5 (J; הֶהָשֵׁב אָשִׁיב), Gen 28:15 (J), Gen 42:37 (E), Gen 48:21 (E), +; especially from exile 1Kgs 8:34 = 2Chr 6:25; Jer 27:22 + 5 t. Jeremiah; + אֶל person 1Kgs 22:26 = 2Chr 18:25 + עַל location Jer 16:15; Jer 23:3; Jer 24:6 + ל location Jer 12:15 + accusative of location 2Sam 15:8 (read הָשֵׁב יְשִׁבֵנִי Vrss Th We Dr and others), Deut 28:68; Ezek 29:14; Ezek 47:6; 2Chr 33:13, etc.; + מִן local Jer 41:16; Zech 10:10, מֵאֵת person Jer 41:16, מִן infinitive 2Chr 25:13 accusative of person only Judg 19:3; 1Kgs 13:20; 1Kgs 13:23 +; bring back into bondage, etc., Jer 34:11; Jer 34:16 = allow to return Jer 15:19 accusative of person + of thing (= recover, recapture), Jer 28:6 (+ אֶל location, מִן local); = recover, rescue, Gen 14:16 (accusative of person + thing), Ps 35:17 (accusative נַפְשִׁי, מִן of thing); accusative of thing + אֶל person Gen 44:8 (J), + עַל person Exod 15:9 (song), Prov 20:26 + אֶל location 1Kgs 14:28 = 2Chr 12:11; Jer 28:3; 2Chr 24:11 accusative of hand, אֶלפֶּֿה 1Sam 14:27; Prov 19:24; Prov 26:15 especially of ׳י's hand, in judgment, followed by עַל Amos 1:8; Isa 1:25; Zech 13:7; Ps 81:15, also of man's hand Jer 6:9; Ezek 38:12 + accusative of location 2Sam 15:25; 2Sam 15:29 + שָׁם Neh 13:9 accusative of thing alone Gen 43:12; Gen 43:21 (both בְּיֶדְכֶם), Gen 14:16 (= recapture), 1Sam 6:21; 1Sam 30:19; 1Kgs 13:29 (corpse), Lev 26:26 (H); with accusative animal. 1Sam 6:7 (מֵאַחֲרֵי), Ezek 34:4; Ezek 34:16 (figurative); shadow on dial 2Kgs 20:11 = Isa 38:8. — Job 39:12 see Qal 3 b. b. put back: accusative of thing, stone, עַלפִּֿי הַבְּאֵר Gen 29:3 (J), veil עַלפָּֿנָיו Exod 34:35 (P), Dagon לִמְקוֺמוֺ 1Sam 5:3, rod לִפְנֵי הָעֵדוּת Num 17:25 (P), sword, + אֶל of sheath, 1Chr 21:27; Ezek 21:35 (accusative om); hand אֶלחֵֿיק Exod 4:7 (twice in verse) (J; opposed to הוֺצִיא).
  c. = draw back, hand Gen 38:29 (J), 1Kgs 13:4 (opposed to שָׁלַךְ; + אֶל reflexive), Josh 8:26 (E; opposed to נטה), so, figurative, ׳י subject Lam 2:3 (מִפְּנֵי, אָחוֺר), Ps 74:11 with מִן = refrain from Lam 2:8; Ezek 18:8; Ezek 18:17 (i.e. from oppressing), Ezek 20:22 (מִן omitted); foot, with מִן Isa 58:13 (figurative); draw in breath Job 9:18.
  d. = give back, restore, accusative of person or thing: + ל person Gen 20:14 (E), vGen 20:7 (E; accusative omitted), Exod 23:4 (E; הָשֵׁב תָּשִׁיב), Deut 22:1 (id.; both accusative animal.), Deut 24:13 (id.), Exod 22:25 (E), Judg 17:3 (twice in verse); Judg 17:4; 1Sam 12:3; 2Sam 9:7; Deut 22:2 (P), Neh 5:11, so 2Sam 16:3; 1Kgs 12:21 = 2Chr 11:1 (all accusative of kingdom), with accusative צְדָקָה Job 33:26 + אֶל person Gen 37:22 (E; accusative of person); + אֶל location Gen 42:25 (E); accusative of thing only, 2Kgs 8:6; Ezek 18:7 (read Infinitive absolute שׁוֺב for חוֺב, Co Toy Krae), Ezek 18:12; Ezek 33:15; Lev 5:33 (P), Num 5:7 (P; + בְּראֹשׁוֺ = in full), Ps 69:5 (opposed to גָּזַל), so of land (or city) Judg 11:13; 1Kgs 20:34; Neh 5:12, compare 2Kgs 14:28 (+ בְּיִשְׂרָאֵל), 2Kgs 16:6 (+ לַאֲרָם); = win back 2Kgs 13:25; 2Kgs 14:22 (+ ל terr.) = 2Chr 26:2, boundary (i.e. re-establish it) 2Kgs 14:25 restore ruined city Dan 9:25 (+ לִבְנוֺת), conquered nation Ps 80:4; Ps 80:8; Ps 80:20 joy, accusative + ל person Ps 51:14. — 2Sam 8:3 see יָד
2. — Acc. person only, Gen 20:7 (E), Isa 42:22 restore to office, accusative of person + עַל Gen 40:13; Gen 40:21 (E), אֶל location 2Sam 19:12, accusative of person only, 2Sam 19:11; 2Sam 19:13; 2Sam 19:44, compare Isa 1:26 = pay back money, Lev 25:27 (ל person), vLev 25:51 vLev 25:52.
  e. = relinquish, with accusative of thing, Job 20:10. feminine = give in payment, requital, with accusative of thing + apposition 1Sam 6:8 (ל person), v1Sam 6:17 (id.; compare טְחוֺד); also pay as tribute (in answer to demand), accusative of thing 2Kgs 17:3; Ps 72:10, + ל person 2Kgs 3:4; 2Chr 27:5 give in exchange Ezek 27:15.
  g. bring one back (from dead) 2Sam 12:23, so with מִנִּי Job 33:20 on other hand, אֶלעָֿפָר Job 10:9 = מָוֶת (accusative) Job 30:23, compare עַדדַּֿכָּא Ps 90:3.
2. a. bring back heart, לֵב, עַל person Mal 3:24 אֵלֶיךָ ׳הֲשִׁיבֵנוּ י Lam 5:21 (< Bu retore, strike out אליד); ׳הֵשִׁיב אֶליֿ Neh 9:26 (compare vNeh 9:29), 2Chr 19:4; 2Chr 24:19, also (מִן of evil) Jer 23:22, absolute Jer 31:18.
  b. accusative נֶפֶשׁ = refresh Lam 1:11; Lam 1:16; Lam 1:19; Ps 19:8; Prov 25:13; Ruth 4:15.
3. bring back words of people, ׳אֶליֿ Exod 19:8 (E); then, in general, bring back word, דָּבָר, report to, + accusative of person Gen 37:14; Num 13:26; Num 22:8 (all E), Deut 1:22; Deut 1:25; Josh 14:7 (RD), Josh 22:32 (P), + 8 t; = answer 1Sam 17:30; 2Sam 3:11; 1Kgs 12:6 = 2Chr 10:6 + 6 t., + (accusative מִלִּין) Job 35:4 also (דָּבָר omitted) Job 13:22; Job 20:2; Job 33:5; Job 33:32; 2Chr 10:16; Neh 6:4 (כַּדָּבָר הַזֶּה); accusative אֲמָרִים + ל person Judg 5:29; Prov 22:21 later with ל person alone 1Sam 12:3 with clause oratio recta [direct speech], אֶל person Esth 4:13; Esth 4:15 similar phrases, Ezek 9:11; Prov 18:13; Prov 24:26; Prov 26:16; Hab 2:1; Job 31:14; Job 32:14 (Gi vJob 32:15), Job 40:4.
4. a. bring back (in retribution, compare Qal 7 f) upon, subject often ׳י, accusative of evil, Judg 9:56, בְּראֹשׁ Judg 9:5; 1Sam 25:39; 1Kgs 2:44 Joel 1Kgs 4:4; 1Kgs 4:7, עַלרֿאֹשׁ 1Kgs 2:32, אֶלרֿאֹשׁ Neh 3:36 ל person Gen 50:15 (E), 1Sam 6:3 (הָשֵׁב תָּשִׁיבוּ), v1Sam 6:4; 1Sam 25:31 (return evil for good), +, etc.; absolute = make requital, ל person 2Chr 6:23 + (כ compare) Hos 12:3; Prov 24:12; Prov 24:29 with accusative of good, ל person 2Sam 16:12; 2Sam 26:23; with כ compare + ל person Ps 18:21; Ps 18:25 = 2Sam 22:21; 2Sam 22:25, and (כ compare only) 2Chr 32:25 requite ׳י's benefits, accusative of thing + ׳לי Ps 116:12, compare Num 18:9 (P).
  b. pay as recompense, לִבְעָלָיו ׳כֶּסֶף יָשׁ Exod 21:34 (E); so (figurative) of ׳י, ננָקָם לְ ׳הֵשׁ Deut 32:41; Deut 32:43, בְּחֵמָה אַפּוֺ ׳לְהָשׁ Isa 66:15.
5. turn back, backward = repel, defeat, with אֶתפְּֿנֵי 2Kgs 18:24 = Isa 36:9, accusative מִלְחָמָה Isa 28:6, accusative of sword Ps 89:44, accusative of person + אָחוֺר Ps 44:11 (+ מִנִּי person), Isa 44:25 (figurative, = refute, confute), figurative of calamity Lam 1:13 = repulse, hinder Jer 2:24, especially accusative Isa 14:27 (׳יַדיֿ), compare Isa 43:13, Job 9:12; Job 11:10; Job 23:13 = reject, refuse, ׳(אֶתֿ)פְּנֵי פ 1Kgs 2:16; 1Kgs 2:17; 1Kgs 2:20 (twice in verse); 2Chr 6:42; Ps 132:10.
6. a. turn away face, figurative, + מֵעַל of thing Ezek 14:6 accusative of person + מִן Mal 2:6 anger of ׳י (accusative) + מֵעַל person Num 25:11 (P), Prov 24:18, מִן person Jer 18:20; Ezra 10:14 accusative only, Job 9:13; Ps 78:38; Ps 106:23 accusative of human anger Prov 15:1; Prov 29:8.
  b. late, turn toward, accusative face, ל location Dan 11:18; Dan 11:19, accusative foot, אֶל of thing Ps 119:59 (figurative).
7. turn against, אֶלאֵֿל, with accusative רוּחֶ֑ךָ Job 15:43.
8. אֶללֵֿבָב ׳הֵשׁ bring back to mind, take into consideration, with accusative Lam 3:21, followed by clause with כִּי Deut 4:39 (compare Dr), object omitted Deut 30:1; 1Kgs 8:47 = 2Chr 6:37; Isa 44:19, + (עַל) Isa 46:8.
9. הֵשִׁיב ׳אֶתשְֿׁבוּת פ Jer 32:44; Jer 33:7; Jer 33:11; Jer 49:6; Lam 2:14; Ezek 39:25 + (Qr Hiph`il, Kt Qal) Jer 33:26; Jer 46:39; Joel 4:1 (see Qal 9).
10. Hiph`il declar., מֵעַל ׳הָשׁ Ezek 14:6 = shew a turning away from your idols (i.e. turn away), compare (מִן) Ezek 18:30, absolute וִחְיוּ ׳הָשׁ vEzek 18:32 of ׳י, מֵחֲרוֺן ׳השׁ אַפֶּ֑ךָ Ps 85:4 (but read probably ׳הֲשִׁיבוֺתה חֲרוֺן א [6 a above]); perhaps in physical sense Jonah 1:13 (אֶל location; We Now that is אֳנִיָּה, etc.).
11. reverse, revoke, accusative (suffix) of thing, i.e. judgment, Amos 1:3; Amos 1:6; Amos 1:9; Amos 1:11; Amos 1:13; Amos 2:1; Amos 2:4; Amos 2:6 blessing Num 23:20 (poem in E), edict Esth 8:5; Esth 8:8.

Hoph`al Perfect 3 masculine singular הוּשַׁב Gen 42:28 my money has been returned! compare Participle הַכֶּסֶף הַמּוּשָׁב Gen 43:12 (both J); ׳לי ׳הַמּ Num 5:8 (P) the אָשָׁם which is restored to ׳י; plural מוּשָׁבִים Jer 27:16 the vessels are about to be brought back, with מִן local; Imperfect 3 masculine singular וַיוּשַׁב אֶתמֿשֶׁה Exod 10:8 (J; compare Ges«GKC:121a»§ 121 a, b) Moses was brought back, with אֶל person

BDB8505 H7726 H7725

BDB8504 | BIBLICAL HEBREW | BDB8506

I. שׁוֺבָב adjective backturning, recusant, apostate (perhaps for מְשׁוֺבָב, Participle Po`l. Ol§ 251 b Ges«GKC:52s»§ 52s Köi. 454); — ׳שׁ Isa 57:17 plural שׁוּבוּ בָּנִים שׁוֺבָבִים Jer 3:14; Jer 3:22. — שׁובבים Jer 50:6 Kt < Qr שׁוֺבְבוּם ᵐ5 Comm., compare √ Po`l.

BDB9995 H7725 H8421

BDB9994 | BIBLICAL ARAMAIC | BDB9996

תּוּב verb return (ᵑ7 Syriac; Biblical Hebrew שׁוּב); —

Pe`al Imperfect 3 masculine singular יְתוּב, with עַל person, of brightness (זִיו) of face Dan 4:33 b, of knowledge v.Dan 4:31 v.Dan 4:33 a. Haph`el Perfect 3 masculine singular הֲתִיב Dan 2:14 3 masculine plural suffix הֲתִיבוּנָא Ezra 5:11 Imperfect 3 masculine plural יַהֲתִיבוּן Ezra 6:5, יְתִיבוּן (K§ 33, 2) Ezra 5:5 Infinitive suffix לַהֲתָבוּתָח Dan 3:16 —
1. restore, accusative of thing Ezra 6:5.
2. return (accusative of answer, etc.) Ezra 5:5; Ezra 5:11; Dan 3:16 (suffix Persian), ׳עֵטָא וּטְעֵם הֲת Dan 2:14.

return, again, returned, turn, back, …
šûb
to turn back (hence, away) transitively or intransitively, literally or figuratively (not necessarily with the idea of return to the starting point); generally to retreat; often adverbial, again
  • to return, turn back
    • (Qal)
      • to turn back, return
        • to turn back
          • "to return, come or go back"to return unto, go back, come back"of dying"of human relations (figuratively)"of spiritual relations (figuratively)
          • to turn back (from God), apostatise
            • "to turn away (of God)"to turn back (to God), repent"turn back (from evil)
          of inanimate things"in repetition
      (Polel)
      • to bring back
        • "to restore, refresh, repair (figuratively)"to lead away (enticingly)"to show turning, apostatise
      (Pual) restored (participle)"(Hiphil) to cause to return, bring back
      • to bring back, allow to return, put back, draw back, give back, restore, relinquish, give in payment
        • "to bring back, refresh, restore"to bring back, report to, answer"to bring back, make requital, pay (as recompense)"to turn back or backward, repel, defeat, repulse, hinder, reject, refuse"to turn away (face), turn toward"to turn against"to bring back to mind"to show a turning away"to reverse, revoke
      (Hophal) to be returned, be restored, be brought back"(Pulal) brought back

לָ ֭עֶרֶב
לָ
Prefix — preposition to, for + "the" (the article is absorbed into the prefix)
֭עֶרֶב
Root word even, evening, night, eventide, mingled, …
Dictionary form: עֶרֶב · eh-REB

לָ
Hidden "the" לָ = the preposition + the article הַ squeezed together: the "a" vowel under the prefix is the swallowed "the". Translate "to the ___".

Noun — Common, masculine singular, absolute state

In the KJV here: at evening
the even ×30 even ×21 at even ×13 the evening ×12 in the evening ×6 and evening ×5 and at even ×4 evening ×4
More options
evening — Most natural modern equivalent; broadly applicable in prose.
dusk — Emphasizes fading light; good for poetic or atmospheric contexts.
nightfall — Stresses the onset of darkness rather than twilight quality.
twilight — Highlights the transitional, in-between character of the hour.
sundown — Concrete and vivid; suits liturgical or calendar contexts.

BDB6363 H6153

BDB6362 | BIBLICAL HEBREW | BDB6364

עֶ֫רֶב131 noun [masculine] 1Sam 20:5 strike out הַשְּׁלִישִׁית see We Dr and others] (sun)set, evening; — absolute ׳ע 2Kgs 2:16 +, עָ֑רֶב Exod 12:18 +; construct עֶרֶב Prov 7:9 dual עַרְבַּיִם Exod 30:8 + 4 t., בָּ֑יִם- Exod 12:16 + 5 t. (all P); —

1. a. evening, originally sunset, and hence perhaps ׳לְעֵת ע at the time of sunset Gen 8:11 (J), Gen 24:11 (J; || לְעֵת צֵאת הַשֹּׁאֲבֹת), 2Sam 11:2; Isa 17:14 and (of the day of ׳י) Zech 14:7, ׳עֵת הָע Josh 8:29 (JE) ; usually ׳ע alone = time of sunset, evening: ׳בָּע in the evening Gen 19:1 (J), Gen 29:23 (E), Exod 12:18 (P), Deut 16:6 (+ שֶׁמֶשׁ כְּבוֺא), 1Kgs 22:35 (compare || 2Chr 18:34 where + לְעֵת בּוֺא הַשֶּׁמֶשׁ) + 20 t. + ׳בָּע(ֿ)בָּע 2Chr 13:11 (twice in verse) = every evening; ׳לָע at evening only late: 1Chr 16:40; 1Chr 23:30; 2Chr 2:3; Ezra 3:3; Ps 59:7; Ps 59:15; Ps 90:6; Eccl 11:6 ; ׳לִפְנוֺת ע at the turn of evening Gen 24:63 (J), Deut 23:12 ׳ע as adverb accusative Exod 16:6 (P), Ps 55:18 as marking duration of impurity, in phrase ׳עַדהָֿע Lev 11:24 + 30 t. P + Lev 22:6 (H); of Day of Atonement ׳מֵע ׳עַדעֿ Lev 23:32 (P).
  b. dual in phrase (only P) בֵּין הָעַרְבַּיִם between the two evenings, i.e. probably between sunset and dark (see Thes [various views fully given]; otherwise DiExod 12:6; on form as possibly only expanded plural see Ges«GKC:88c»§ 88c), Exod 12:6; Exod 16:12; Exod 29:39; Exod 29:41; Exod 30:8; Lev 23:5; Num 9:3; Num 9:5; Num 9:11; Num 28:4; Num 28:8 .
  c. other phrases are: ׳צִלְלֵי ע Jer 6:4 (distinguished from צָהֳרָ֑יִם and לָ֑יְלָה vJer 6:5), ׳מִנְחַה (הָ)ע 2Kgs 16:15; Ezra 9:4; Ezra 9:5; Ps 141:2; Dan 9:21 ; ׳זְאֵבֵי ע see I. זְאֵב; for all combinations with בֹּקֶר morning, see ׳ב
1 d, e. 2. (late poetry) = night, עָ֑רֶב Job 7:4 compare בְּנֶשֶׁף בְּעֶרֶב יוֺם Prov 7:9 (|| בְּאִישׁוֺן לַיְלָה וִאֲפֵלָה).

even, evening, night, eventide, mingled, …
ʿereb
dusk
  • evening, night, sunset
    • evening, sunset
      • "night

יֶהֱמ֥וּ
יֶהֱמ֥וּ
Root word noise, roar, disquieted, sound, troubled, …
Dictionary form: הָמָה · haw-MAW

Verb — Qal, Imperfect (Yiqtol), third person masculine plural simple action — "he did" not-yet-complete action — try "he will ___" or "he ___s" the built-in subject is "they"

In the KJV here: they make a noise
shall sound ×3 art thou disquieted ×2 thereof roar ×2 a tumultuous ×1 and cry aloud ×1 and let them make a noise ×1 and make a noise ×1 and was troubled ×1
More options
roar — Best for natural forces — sea, wind, crowd.
rage — Suits violent, angry commotion of nations or enemies.
tumult — Noun sense; loud, chaotic uproar in public settings.
rumble — Softer, rolling noise; good for distant or building sound.
clamor — Human voices specifically; noisy, insistent shouting.
be in an uproar — Emphasizes collective disorder; vivid in narrative contexts.

BDB2189 H1993

BDB2188 | BIBLICAL HEBREW | BDB2190

[הָמָה] verb murmur, growl, roar, be boisterous ( ᵑ7 הֲמָא, but rare, and perhaps not genuine Aramaic; compare Arabic murmur); —

Qal Perfect 3 masculine plural הָמוּ Ps 46:7 + 2t.; וְהָמוּ consecutive Jer 5:22 + 2 t.; Imperfect יֶהֱמֶה Jer 6:23 + 3 t.; 2 feminine singular תֶּהֱמִי Ps 42:12; Ps 43:5 וַתֶּהֱמִי Ps 42:6 אֶהֱמֶה Ps 55:18 אֶהֱמָ֑יָה Ps 77:4 יֶהֱמוּ Ps 46:4 + 3 t.; וַיֶּהֱמוּ Isa 51:15; Jer 31:35 יֶהֱמָיוּ֑ן Ps 39:7 + 2 t.; 1 plural נֶהֱמֶה Isa 59:11 Infinitive הֲמוֺת Isa 17:12 Participle הֹמֶה Prov 20:1; Jer 4:19 feminine הוֺמָה 1Kgs 1:41, הֹמִיָּה Prov 7:11; Prov 9:13, הוֺמִיָּה Isa 22:2 feminine plural הֹמִיּוֺת Prov 1:21, הֹמוֺת Ezek 7:16 (Co הַמָּוֶת compare ᵐ5 ᵑ6); —
1. growl like a dog כַּכָּ֑לֶב Ps 59:7; Ps 59:15, subject wicked men; groan (in distress, lamentation), like bears כַּדֹּבִים Isa 59:11 (|| כיונה הגה); of doves (also in simile) Ezek 7:16 compare Da (si vera lectio, see above).
2. murmur, figurative of soul (נֶפֶשׁ) in discouragement Ps 42:6; Ps 42:12; Ps 43:5 in prayer Ps 55:18; Ps 77:4 (both || אָשִׂיחָה); also subject מֵעִים of the thrill of deep-felt compassion or sympathy, followed by לְ of person pitied, Jer 31:20 (|| רחם ארחמנו), followed by עַל Song 5:4 further כַּכִּנּוֺר like the lyre (zither) Isa 16:11 כַּחֲלִילִים like flutes, subject לֵב Jer 48:36 (followed by לְ); vJer 48:36 (followed by אֶל); compare Jer 4:19 לִי לִבִּי הֹמֶהֿ.
3. roar, of waves, subject גַּלִּים Jer 5:22; Jer 31:35; Isa 51:15 compare Ps 46:4 simile of roar of multitudes Isa 17:12; Jer 6:23; Jer 50:42 metaphor id., Jer 51:55 be tumultuous, of peoples Ps 46:7 (|| מָטוּ); Ps 83:3 (|| נָָֽשְׂאוּ ראֹשׁ).
4. be in commotion, stir, of city 1Kgs 1:41; Isa 22:2 so participle feminine plural as substantive הֹמִיּוֺת ראֹשׁ Prov 1:21 head of stirring, bustling streets (|| פתחי שׁערים); of man, אַךְהֶֿבֶל יֶהֱמָי֑וּן Ps 39:7 surely to no purpose they bustle about (|| יִתְהָלֶּךְאִֿישׁ אַךְבְּֿצֶלֶם)
5. be boisterous, turbulent, as with wine Zech 9:5 (but read perhaps דָּמָם compare FiHexapl. ii. 3, 1024 KloThLZ, 1879, 564 StaZAW 1881, 18); also participle as adjective, of שֵׁכָר (by meton.) Prov 20:1 of shameless woman Prov 7:11; Prov 9:13.

noise, roar, disquieted, sound, troubled, …
hāmâ
to make a loud sound (like English 'hum'); by implication, to be in great commotion or tumult, to rage, war, moan, clamor
  • to murmur, growl, roar, cry aloud, mourn, rage, sound, make noise, tumult, be clamorous, be disquieted, be loud, be moved, be troubled, be in an uproar
    • (Qal)
      • to growl
        • "to murmur (figurative for a soul in prayer)"to roar"to be in a stir, be in a commotion"to be boisterous, be turbulent

כַ כָּ֗לֶב
כַ
Prefix — preposition like, as + "the" (the article is absorbed into the prefix)
כָּ֗לֶב
Root word dogs, dog
Dictionary form: כֶּלֶב · keh-LEB

כַ
Hidden "the" כַ = the preposition + the article הַ squeezed together: the "a" vowel under the prefix is the swallowed "the". Translate "like the ___".

Noun — Common, masculine singular, absolute state

In the KJV here: like a dog
a dog ×5 dog ×4 dogs ×4 and the dogs ×3 the dogs ×3 like a dog ×2 shall dogs ×2 shall the dogs ×2
More options
dog — Standard modern term; suits nearly all contexts.
hound — Slightly elevated register; good for hunting or war imagery.
cur — Derogatory nuance; fits insults or terms of contempt.
mutt — Informal, disparaging; vivid in colloquial or lowly contexts.
stray — Emphasizes ownerless, scavenging dogs common in ancient cities.

BDB4013 H3611

BDB4012 | BIBLICAL HEBREW | BDB4014

כֶּ֫לֶב noun masculine1Sam 24:15 dog (Late Hebrew id.; Phoenician כלב; Aramaic כַּלְבָּא, , Arabic ; Ethiopic Assyrian kalbu DlHWB 328) — absolute ׳כ Judg 7:5 + 16 t., כָּ֑לֶב Ps 59:7; Ps 59:15 plural כְּלָבִים 1Kgs 14:11 + 12 t.; construct כַּלְבֵי Job 30:1 suffix כְּלָבֶיךָ Ps 68:24 — dog:
  a. literal 1Kgs 14:11; 1Kgs 16:4; 1Kgs 21:19 (twice in verse); 1Kgs 21:23; 1Kgs 21:24; 1Kgs 22:38; 2Kgs 9:10; 2Kgs 9:36 (all of fierce, hungry dogs, devouring dead bodies and licking blood); compare Jer 15:3 and (לְשׁוֺן כְּלָבֶיךָ) Ps 68:24 eating torn flesh, Exod 22:30 (E), כַּלְבֵי צאֹנִי = my sheep-dogs, only Job 30:1 (in both these with implied inferiority); dog-sacrifice was a heathen rite Isa 66:3 (Di and others); see especially RSSemitic i, 273 (291), 325 (343); invarious simile Judg 7:5; Prov 26:11; Prov 26:17; Ps 59:7; Ps 59:15 in proverbial sayings: לֹא לִשֹׁנוֺ ׳יֶחֱרַץכֿ Exod 11:7 (see I. חרץ); מֵת טוֺב מִןֿ ׳לְכ הָאַרְיֵה הַמֵּת Eccl 9:4.
  b. applied, figurative, to men, in contempt 1Sam 17:43, so of psalmist's enemies Ps 22:17; Ps 22:21, or in excessive humility 2Kgs 8:13 still more emphatically מֵת ׳כ a dead dog, הַמֵּת ׳הַכּ 2Sam 9:8; 2Sam 16:9 also ׳ראֹשׁ כ 2Sam 3:8 כְּלָבִים אִלְּמִים Isa 56:10 (of misleading prophets), עַזֵּי נֶפֶשׁ ׳הַכּ vIsa 56:11 (id.); ׳כ was name given to male temple-prostitutes Deut 23:19 (see Dr; compare קָדֵשׁ).

dogs, dog
keleb
a dog; hence (by euphemism) a male prostitute
  • dog
    • dog (literally)
      • "contempt or abasement (figuratively)"of pagan sacrifice"of male cult prostitute (figuratively)

וִ יס֥וֹבְבוּ
וִ
Prefix — connector and (sometimes: but, so, then)
יס֥וֹבְבוּ
Root word about, turned, compass, compassed, turn, …
Dictionary form: סָבַב · saw-BAHB

Verb — Poel, Imperfect (Yiqtol), third person masculine plural intensive (rare stem) — like Piel not-yet-complete action — try "he will ___" or "he ___s" the built-in subject is "they"

In the KJV here: and go round about
turned ×7 compassed ×6 turn ×5 did compass ×4 and they turned ×3 and turned ×3 compassed me about ×3 shall be turned ×3
More options
turn — Most versatile; covers rotating, changing direction, or reversing.
surround — Best when enemies or forces encircle a person or place.
go around — Prefer for physical movement along a circuit or perimeter.
encircle — Slightly formal; good for poetic or military encirclement contexts.
circle — Vivid and concrete; works well for ritual or geographic circuits.
besiege — Use when hostile encirclement implies threat or siege warfare.

BDB5475 H5437

BDB5474 | BIBLICAL HEBREW | BDB5476

סָבַב verb turn about, go around, surround ( Late Hebrew id., Pi`el Hiph`il, and derivatives; Aramaic סוֺבְבָא rim, border; Arabic rope, lock of hair; possibly also II. prepare a means of attaining something Lane1284); —

Qal Perfect 3 masculine singular ׳ס Ezek 42:19 +; 1 singular סַבֹּ֫תִי 1Sam 22:22 (but see below), סַבּ֫וֺתִי Eccl 2:20; Eccl 7:25 3 plural סָָֽבְבוּ Josh 6:15 + 1Sam 14:21; 2Sam 24:6 (see below), suffix סְבָבוּנִי Ps 18:6 +, סַבּוּנִי Ps 88:18 + 2 t., סַבֻּנִי 2Sam 22:6 2 masculine plural וְסַבֹּתֶם consecutive Josh 6:3, etc.; Imperfect יָסֹב 1Kgs 7:15 +, suffix יְסֻבֵּנִי Ps 49:6 oftener יִסֹּב 1Sam 5:8 +, וַיִּסֹּב Gen 42:24 +; 3 masculine plural יָסֹ֫בוּ Job 16:13, וַיָּסֹ֫בוּ Josh 6:14 +, 3 feminine plural תְּסֻבֶּינָה Gen 37:7, etc.; Imperative masculine singular סֹב 1Sam 22:18, feminine singular סֹ֫בִּי Isa 23:16, etc.; Infinitive construct לִסְבֹּב Num 21:4, סֹב Deut 2:3 Participle סוֺבֵב 2Kgs 6:15 +, הַסֹּבֵיב 2Kgs 8:21 (Ginsb הִסְבִּיב Kt, הַסֹּבֵב Qr), etc.; —
1. turn, intransitive (Imperfect of form יִסֹּב in this sense only):
  a. turn about, often as preliminary to something else 1Sam 15:12; 1Sam 15:27 (followed by infinitive), 1Chr 16:43 (id.; וַ֫יָּשָׁב in || 2Sam 6:20) + 1Sam 14:21 (read סָֽבְבוּ גַם for ᵑ0 סָבִיב וְגַם, ᵐ5 ᵑ6 ᵑ9 Th We, etc.), Jer 41:14 a (+ שׁוב vb, but ᵐ5 omits va compare Gie), Eccl 1:6 (twice in verse); of door, Prov 26:14 turn on (עַל) its hinge (compare Niph`al Ezek 26:2); turn (toward one) 1Sam 22:17; 1Sam 22:18 (twice in verse); 2Sam 18:30 (twice in verse); Song 2:17 (see Bu); also with אֶלֿ 2Sam 14:24 (twice in verse); + 2Sam 24:6 (read סָֽבְבוּ for סָבִיב We Dr Bu Kit HPS; Klo יָסֹבוּ, compare Löhr), Ezek 42:19; Eccl 1:6, אֶלאַֿחֲרָ֑י 2Kgs 9:18; 2Kgs 9:19 of cup of ׳י, it shall come round unto (עַלֿ, with hostile implication; עָבַר עַל Lam 4:22) Hab 2:16 of Jordan, turn לְאָחוֺר Ps 114:3; Ps 114:5 turn about from (מֵעַל) Gen 42:24, (מִן) 1Sam 18:11, + אֶלֿ 1Sam 17:30 so of inheritance Num 36:7 it shall not go about from (מִן) tribe to (אֶלֿ) tribe, also vNum 36:9 (לְ for אֶלֿ); compare (absolute) וַתִּסֹּב הַמְּלוּכָה וַתְּהִי לְאָתִי 1Kgs 2:15 (compare Hiph`il 1 b); = be brought round, with accusative of location 1Sam 5:8 (of ark).
  b. turn = change, only Zech 14:10 (of land, changed like [כְּ, i.e. into] a plain), compare Hiph`il 1 c. c. figurative turn (in a new direction) to do something (infinitive) Eccl 2:20; Eccl 7:25. — Ps 71:21 is dubious; Bae reads וְתָשֻׁב for וְתִסֹּב after ᵐ5 ᵑ6 ᵑ9; Hup-Now Che and others below
  a. above: turn, comfort me. — Job 10:8 read אַחַר תִּסֹּב for ᵑ0 יחד סביב De and others
2. a. march, or walk, around, with accusative (city) Josh 6:3; Josh 6:4; Josh 6:7; Josh 6:14; Josh 6:15 (twice in verse) (all J E), Ps 48:13 possibly also נָסֹב 1Sam 16:11 (of marching about altar? so HPS; turn to do something else Th), but compare תסוב Eccl 32:1 sit about a table (see SchechterBS p. 56, and compare מֵסַב), or read נֵשֵׁב Weir in Dr Kit Bu Löhr (perhaps).
  b. go partly round, circle about, skirt, with accusative (land) Num 21:4 (JE) Judg 11:18, also Deut 2:1; Deut 2:3 of rivers Gen 2:11; Gen 2:13.
  c. make a round, or circuit, go about to, with accusative of location 1Sam 7:16 go about in (בְּ) 2Chr 17:9, compare also (with בְּ) 2Chr 23:2; Song 3:5; Song 5:7; Eccl 12:5, so with accusative Isa 23:16 = make a circuitous march 2Kgs 3:9 (with accusative דֶּרֶךְ). — See also 2Sam 5:23; 1Chr 14:14 Hiph`il 2 a. d. surround, encompass, absolute Gen 37:7 (E); with accusative Job 40:22 with hostile purpose, 2Kgs 6:15; Eccl 9:14 (both of siege), compare 2Kgs 3:25 accusative omitted Judg 16:2, compare 2Sam 18:15 with accusative of thing + עַלֿ person Judg 20:5 with עַלֿ person alone Job 16:13; 2Chr 18:31 with אֶלֿ person 2Kgs 8:21 = 2Chr 21:9 often figurative in poetry, with accusative Hos 7:2; 2Sam 22:6 = Ps 18:6; Ps 22:13; Ps 22:17; Ps 49:6; Ps 88:18; Ps 118:10; Ps 118:11 (twice in verse); Ps 118:12 so also Ps 17:11 (Kt סְבָבוּנִי, Qr סְבָבוּנוּ; on text see especially Hup-Now); literally of cord surrounding (measuring circumference of), with accusative 1Kgs 7:15 = Jer 52:21; 1Kgs 7:23 = 2Chr 4:2 of ornaments, etc., surrounding something (accusative) 1Kgs 7:24; 2Chr 4:3 surround one with something (2 accusative) 1Kgs 5:17; Ps 109:3 accusative + בְּ instrumental Hos 12:1 לָעֹפֶל ׳ס 2Chr 33:14 (i.e. build a wall around it). — 1Sam 22:22 read חַבְתִּי (√ חוּב), ᵐ5 ᵑ6 Th We Dr Kit Bu Löhr HPS. Niph`al Perfect 3 masculine singular נָסַב Josh 15:3 +; 3 feminine singular נָסֵ֫בָּה Ezek 26:2 (Ges«GKC:67t»§ 67t St§ 410 b Köi. 342); וְנָָֽסְבָה Ezek 41:7 (but read וְנוֺסְפָה Ew Sm Co ToyHpt, compare Berthol); 3 plural נָסַ֫בּוּ Gen 19:4 +; Imperfect 3 masculine plural יִסַּ֫בּוּ Ezek 1:9 + 5 t.; —
1. a. turn oneself against (עַלֿ), close round upon (עַל) Gen 19:4 (J) Josh 7:9 (JE); with accusative Judg 19:22.
  b. turn round (from a direct course), of wheels Ezek 1:9; Ezek 1:12; Ezek 1:17; Ezek 10:11 (twice in verse), also vEzek 10:16 (but dubious, Co ישׁבו, ToyHpt leave, Symm ἀπελείποντο); נָסֵ֫בָּה אֵלַי Ezek 26:2 of Jerusalem under figure of door (Sm Co Berthol ToyHpt).
  c. especially of boundary (Hexateuch only P): turn round from (מִן), toward (לְ) Num 34:4, + ה locative Josh 18:14 with מִן + ה locative + אֶלֿ Josh 15:10 with מִן alone Num 34:5 with ה locative alone Jer 31:39; Josh 15:3; Josh 16:6 circle about, skirt, with accusative Josh 19:14.
2. passive be turned over to (לְ), into the power of, Jer 6:12. Pi`el Infinitiveconstruct סַבֵּב אֶתפְּֿנֵי הַדָּבָר 2Sam 14:20 to change, transform, the aspect of the matter. Po`. Imperfect 3 masculine singular suffix יְסֹבְבֵנִי Jonah 2:4; Jonah 2:6, יְסֹבְבֶנְהוּ Deut 32:10, יְסוֺבְבֶנּוּ Ps 32:10 3 feminine singular תְּסוֺבֵב Jer 31:22, etc.; — encompass, surround (in poetry and chiefly late): —
1. encompass (with protection), with accusative Deut 32:10 ( ׳י subject), with 2 accusative חֶסֶד יְסוֺבְבֶנּוּ Ps 32:10, compare vPs 32:7 (but 2nd object here dubious); similarly נְקֵבָה תְּסוֺבֵב גָּ֑בֶר Jer 31:22 i.e. either shall protect (so most) or (Che, compare Gf) the woman (figurative of Israel), instead of holding aloof (הַבַּת הַשּׁוֺבֵבָה vJer 31:22), will, in the new future which ׳י creates, with affection press round her divine husband.
2. come about, assemble round (accusative of person ׳י) Ps 7:8.
3. march or go about, city (accusative) Ps 55:11; Ps 59:7; Ps 59:15 altar (in solemn procession) Ps 26:6 go about in (בְּ) city Song 3:2.
4. enclose, envelop, with accusative of person Jonah 2:4; Jonah 2:6 (of waters).

Hiph`il Perfect 3 masculine singular הֵסֵב 2Kgs 16:18 +; 2 masculine singular הֲסִבֹּ֫תָ 1Kgs 18:37 3 plural הֵסַ֫בּוּ 1Sam 5:9; 1Sam 5:10, etc.; Imperfect 3 masculine singular וַיַּסֵּב Exod 13:18 +, suffix וַיְסִבֵּ֫נִי Ezek 47:2 3 masculine plural וַיַּסֵּ֫בּוּ Judg 18:23 + 2 t.; 1 plural נָסֵב 2Chr 14:6, cohortative נָסֵ֫בָּה 1Chr 13:3 Imperative masculine singular הָסֵב 2Sam 5:23; 1Chr 14:14 (but see below); feminine singular הָסֵ֫בִּי Song 6:5 Infinitive construct הָסֵב 2Sam 3:12; 1Chr 12:33 Participle מֵסֵב Jer 21:4 perhaps also plural suffix מְסִבָּ֑י Ps 140:10 (Ginsb); —

1. a. turn (transitive), cause to turn: turn face (accusative) Judg 18:23; 1Kgs 8:14 = 2Chr 6:3 (all = turn toward); = turn round face 1Kgs 21:4, + אֶלהַֿקִּיר 2Kgs 20:2 = Isa 38:2 + מִן Ezek 7:22 (subject ׳י), 2Chr 29:6 (of neglect), 2Chr 35:22 (of avoiding battle); turn away eyes from (מִן), Song 6:5 turn (back), change heart 1Kgs 18:37 (recall from apostasy; + אֲחֹרַנִּית), Ezra 6:22 (+ עַלֿ); turn back, reverse (weapons) Jer 21:4.
  b. bring over (i.e. to allegiance), with accusative + אֶלֿ person, 2Sam 3:12; 1Chr 12:24 (van d. H. v.1Chr 12:23); of ׳י, turn over kingdom to (לְ) 1Chr 10:14 (compare Qal 1 a, 1Kgs 2:15).
  c. turn into, of changing name, 2 accusative 2Kgs 23:24 = 2Chr 36:4; 2Kgs 24:14.
  d. = bring round, with accusative 1Sam 5:8; 1Sam 5:9 + מִן 2Sam 20:12 + אֶלֿ 1Sam 5:10; 1Chr 13:3 + accusative of location 2Kgs 16:18 (sense obscure).
2. a. cause to go around: of carrying ark around city (2 accusative) Josh 6:11 (J E; but Qal ᵐ5 ᵑ6 ᵑ9); lead round , i.e. by a round-about way, accusative of person + accusative דֶּרֶךְ Exod 13:18 (E) Ezek 47:2 with accusative + infinitive of purpose 2Chr 13:13 accusative omitted, lead round toward (אֶלֿ) 2Sam 5:23, away from (מֵעַלֿ) || 1Chr 14:14 (where, however, perhaps read as Samuel, so Be Öttli, and, in both, סֹב for הָסֵב Dr KitKau Hpt Bu HPS Löhr).
  b. surround with (accusative) wall, 2Chr 14:6 (accusative of city omitted).
  c. perhaps also encompass (as foe), מְסִבָּ֑י Ps 140:10 those encompassing me (others below מֵסַב below).

Hoph`al Imperfect 3 masculine singular יוּסָּ֑ב Isa 28:27 Participle feminine plural construct מֻסַבֹּת Exod 28:11; Exod 39:6 מוּסַבֹּת vExod 39:13; Num 32:38 (see below); מוּסַבּוֺת Ezek 41:24 —

1. be turned, of cart wheel, with עַלֿ upon, over; מוּסַבּוֺת דְּלָתוֺת Ezek 41:24 participle apparently as gerundive, that can be turned, movable (Ges«GKC:116e»§ 116e; Co reads ׳צלעות מ, compare ToyHpt); שֵׁם ׳מוּס Num 32:38 turned (i.e. changed) as to name, but gloss, see Di.
2. surrounded, i.e. set, of jewels (participle construct) Exod 28:11; Exod 39:6; Exod 39:13 (all P).

BDB5477 H5439 H4036 H5437

BDB5476 | BIBLICAL HEBREW | BDB5478

סָבִיב336 substantive, used mostly as adverb and preposition, circuit, round about: — construct סְבִיב Amos 3:11 plural construct סְבִיבֵי Jer 32:44; Jer 33:13, suffix סְבִיבֶיךָ etc. (10 t.), much oftener סְבִיבוֺת Exod 7:24 + 22 t., סְבִיבוֺתַי, תֶיךָ-, etc., Deut 17:14, etc. (48 t.): —

1. in singular —
  a. as substantive 1Chr 11:8 מןהֿמלוא וְעַדהַֿסָּבִיב and to the parts round about.
  b. as adverb accusative סָבִיב (in) a circuit, i.e. round about, Gen 23:17 בְּכָלגְּֿבֻלוֺ סָבִיב Exod 19:12; Exod 25:11; Exod 25:24; Exod 25:25; Lev 1:5; Lev 1:11 עַל הַמִּזְבֵּחַ סָבִיב, Judg 20:29; 1Kgs 3:1; 1Kgs 5:11; Ps 3:7 שָׁתוּ עָלָ֑י ׳אֲשֶׁר ס, Ps 12:9; Ps 34:8 + often; sometimes doubled, for the sake of emphasis, 2Chr 4:3; Ezek 8:10 ׳ס ׳עַל הַקִּיר ס, Ezek 37:2; Ezek 40:5 and often in Ezek 40-43.
  c. as preposition:
   (a) Psalms, Amos 3:11 צַר וּסְבִיב הָאָרֶץ distress, and that in the circuit of (= round about) the land (but read probably with ᵑ6 יְסֹבֵב will encircle).
   (b) ׳סָבִיב לְ Exod 16:13; Exod 40:33; Num 1:50; Num 1:53; Num 2:2; Judg 7:21; 1Kgs 6:5; 1Kgs 18:32; 1Kgs 18:35; Ezek 41:10; Ezek 14:16; Job 19:12; Ps 34:8; Ps 78:28; Ps 125:2 (twice in verse) סָבִיב לְעַמּוֺ ׳י, Ps 128:3; Song 3:7; Nah 3:8.
   (c) strangely, סָבִיב אֵת 1Kgs 6:5 (omitted by ᵐ5), Ezek 43:17.
  d. מִסָּבִיב42, from round about, from every side, Ezek 16:33; Ezek 16:37; Ezek 23:22; Ezek 37:21, but usually (מִן 1 c) = on every side, Jer 4:17 הָיוּ עָלֶיהָ מִסָּבִיב, Isa 42:25 ׳וַתְּלַהֲטֵהוּ מ, Joel 4:11; Joel 4:12 Psalms מָגוֺר מִסָּבִיב terror on every side ! Jer 6:25; Jer 20:3; Jer 20:10; Jer 46:5; Jer 49:29; Ps 31:14, compare Lam 2:22 especially in the Deuteronomic phrases ׳אוֺיְבִים מ, or ׳הֵנִיחַ מ (sometimes in combination), as Deut 12:10 ׳והניח לכם מכלאֿויביכם מ, Deut 25:19; Josh 21:42 ׳לָהֶם מ ׳וַיָּנַח י, Josh 23:1; Judg 2:14; Judg 8:34; 1Sam 12:11 +; מִסָּבִיב לְ from round about, Num 16:24; Num 16:27. — On 1Sam 14:21; 2Sam 24:6; Job 10:8 see סָבַב.
2. In plur.: —
  a. סְבִיבִים:
   (a) in masculine sense, those round about, Ps 76:12 כָּלסְֿבִיבָיו יֹבִילוּ שַׁי, Ps 89:8; Jer 48:17; Jer 48:39.
   (b) in neuter sense, the parts round about, Jer 49:5 מִכָּלסְֿבִיבָ֑יִךְ, בִּסְבִיבֵי ירושׁלם Jer 32:44; Jer 33:13; Jer 21:14 וְאָֽכְלָה כָּלסְֿבִיבֶיהָ, Jer 46:14 with the force of a perp., Ps 50:3 וסביביו נשׂערה מאד, Ps 97:2; Lam 1:17.
  b. סְבִיבוֺת
   (a) as substantive (α) circuits, Eccl 1:6 ועל סביבותיו שָׁב הָרוּחַ; (β) the parts round about, Num 22:4 ילחכו הקהל אתכֿלסְֿבִיבֹתֵינוּ, Jer 17:26; Jer 50:32 (compare Jer 21:14 above); with reference to their inhabitants, Ps 44:19 = Ps 79:4 ׳לעג וקלס לסב, Ezek 16:57; Ezek 28:24; Dan 9:16.
   (b) with the force a preposition Exod 7:24 סְבִיבֹת הַיְאֹר literally (in) the circuits of the Nile = round about the Nile, Num 11:24; Num 11:31; Num 11:32; Num 35:2 סְבִיבֹתֵיהֶם, Judg 7:18; 1Sam 26:5; 1Sam 26:7; 2Kgs 6:17 סביבֹת אלישׁע, Ps 18:12; Ps 27:6 על אֹיְבַי סביבותי, etc.; often idiomatic preceded by אשׁר, as Gen 33:5 הערים אשׁר סביבותיהם Gen 41:48; Lev 25:44; Num 16:34; Deut 6:14; Deut 13:8; Deut 17:14; Deut 21:2 +. In the same sense מִסְּבִיבוֺתָם Ezek 28:26.

BDB5478 H4524 H5437

BDB5477 | BIBLICAL HEBREW | BDB5479

מֵסַב noun [masculine] that which surrounds, or is round; —

1. a. plural surrounding places, מְסִבֵּי ׳יְרוּשׁ 2Kgs 23:5 places round about Jerusalem.
  b. as adverb מֵסַב round about 1Kgs 6:29 feminine plural מְסִבּוֺת on all sides, in all directions, Job 37:12 (of cloud Di < of lightning Bu Du).
2. suffix מְסִבּוֺ Song 1:12 dubious: round table Ew De; cushion, divan Bae Kau; compare on all these Bu. — מְסִבָּ֑י Ps 140:10 see סבב Hiph`il

BDB5479 H4141 H5437

BDB5478 | BIBLICAL HEBREW | BDB5480

[מוּסָב] noun masculine encompassing, surrounding (?); — only construct מוּסַב הַבַּיִת Ezek 41:7 the encompassing of the house, but meaning wholly obscure; מוּסַף ֗֗֗ enlargement Ew Berthol ToyHpt after ᵐ5; Co strike out clause as dittograph Niph`al

about, turned, compass, compassed, turn, …
sābab
to revolve, surround, or border; used in various applications, literally and figuratively
  • to turn, turn about or around or aside or back or towards, go about or around, surround, encircle, change direction
    • (Qal)
      • to turn, turn about, be brought round, change
        • "to march or walk around, go partly around, circle about, skirt, make a round, make a circuit, go about to, surround, encompass
      (Niphal)
      • to turn oneself, close round, turn round
        • "to be turned over to
      (Piel) to turn about, change, transform"(Poel)
      • to encompass, surround
        • "to come about, assemble round"to march, go about"to enclose, envelop
      (Hiphil)
      • to turn, cause to turn, turn back, reverse, bring over, turn into, bring round
        • "to cause to go around, surround, encompass
      (Hophal)
      • to be turned
        • "to be surrounded

עִֽיר
עִֽיר
Root word city, cities, town, towns, one, …
Dictionary form: עִיר · eer

Noun — Common, feminine singular, absolute state

In the KJV here: the city
the city ×168 cities ×153 city ×131 of the city ×95 the cities ×88 in the city ×49 into the city ×26 a city ×25
More options
city — Best default; fits large, walled, or named settlements.
town — Prefer for smaller or less prominent settlements.
settlement — Neutral; good when size or status is ambiguous.
village — Use for very small or rural communities in context.
urban center — Highlights civic or political function over geography.

BDB5915 H5892

BDB5914 | BIBLICAL HEBREW | BDB5916

I. עִיר noun [masculine] excitement; — of terror, וּבֶהָלוֺת ׳ע Jer 15:9 of rage (si vera lectio), לֹא אָבוֺא בְּעִיר Hos 11:9, but St proposes לְבָעֵר compare We Oort Now GASm. — בָּעִיר Ps 73:20 see עור Hiph`il — II, III. עִיר see below

BDB6035 H5892

BDB6034 | BIBLICAL HEBREW | BDB6036

II. עִיר1092 noun feminineGen 10:12 (AlbrZAW xvi.40 f.) city, town (√ unknown; Late Hebrew id.;? Phoenician ער Lzb345; Sabean ער fortified height (compare 3) PräZMG xxvi (1872), 437, ערן, עהרן city CISiv. pp. 94, 95, 173); — ׳ע absolute Gen 4:17 +, construct Gen 24:10 +; הָעִ֫ירָה 1Kgs 14:12 + 7t.; suffix עִירִי 2Sam 19:38 + 2 t., etc.; plural עָרִים Isa 6:11 +, עֲיָרִים Judg 10:4 (text error, or word-play, compare GFM); construct עָרֵי Gen 10:29 +; suffix עָרַי Zech 1:17, עָרֵיכֶם Isa 1:7 +, etc.; —

1. city, town, abode of men Gen 4:17 (J) and often; גְּדֹלָה Gen 10:12 (J), +, or קְטַנָּה Eccl 9:14 (compare Gen 19:20); especially
  a. fortified: עָרִים בְּצֻרוֺת 2Sam 20:6 +, etc., see בָּצַר, מִבְצָר; עִיר מִבְצַרצֹֿר Josh 19:29 (P) fortified city (of) Tyre, מָצוֺר ׳ע Ps 31:22 +, etc., see מָצוֺר, מְצוּרָה below צוּר (Mic 7:12 see מָצוֺר); עָזלָֿנוּ ׳ע Isa 26:1, עָרֵי מָעוּזּוֺ Isa 17:9 דְּלָתַיִם וּבְרִיחַ ׳ְ 1Sam 23:7 חוֺמָה ׳ע Lev 25:29, compare vLev 25:30 (P), 1Kgs 4:13 on Hos 10:14 see I. עַם 2 b (1Sam 9:14 read הַשֵּׁעַר ᵐ5 We Dr and others).
  b. opposed to כֹּפֶר הַפְּרָזִי 1Sam 6:18, ׳עָרֵי הַפּ Deut 3:5, הַפְּרָזוֺת ׳ע Esth 9:19 distinguished from dependencies חֲצֵרִים Josh 13:23 + often P.
  c. עָרֶיה are dependent towns Josh 13:17 (P), Jer 19:15.
  d. עָרֵי הַמַּמְלָכָה Josh 10:2 (JE) royal cities (i.e. with a king, compare Tel Amarna al šarri), so singular 1Sam 27:5, opposed to הַשָּׁדֶה עָרֵי v1Sam 27:5 rural towns; הַמְּלוּכָה ׳ע 2Sam 12:26 (but read הַמַּיִם ׳ע We Bu Kit Löhr HPS, see 2 below).
  e. עֶרֵי מִסְכְּנוֺת Exod 1:11 storage-cities, so 1Kgs 9:19 = 2Chr 8:6; 2Chr 8:4; 2Chr 17:12 for נַפְתָּלִי ׳ע ׳מ 2Chr 16:4 read probably ׳כִּנְרוֺת עֵלוֿגו (as 1Kgs 15:20 Be Kit Buhl); compare הֶרֶכֶב ׳ע 1Kgs 9:19; 1Kgs 10:26 = 2Chr 8:6; 2Chr 9:25; 2Chr 1:14 הַפָּרָשִׁים ׳ע 1Kgs 9:19 = 2Chr 8:6. feminine (הַ)מִקְלָט ׳ע (P) asylum-cities Num 35:11; Num 35:13; Num 35:14; Josh 20:2, compare Num 35:25; Num 35:26; Num 35:27; Num 35:28; Num 35:32, לְמִקְלָט ׳ע vNum 35:12 מִקְלַט הָרֹצֵחַ ׳ע Josh 21:13 + 4t. 21.
  g. (הָ)אֱלֹהִים ׳ע = Jerusalem: Ps 46:5; Ps 87:3, compare Ps 48:2; Ps 48:9 ׳י ׳ע Isa 60:14; Ps 101:8 צְבָאוֺת ׳י ׳ע Ps 48:9.
  h. city = inhabitants 1Sam 4:13; 1Sam 5:12; Isa 22:2; Ruth 1:19, so 2Sam 20:22 (reading הָעִיר for ᵑ0 הָעָם) ᵐ5 We Dr and others (compare also following).
  i. combinations are: רֹכְלִים ׳ע Ezek 17:4 city of merchants; מוֺשָׁב ׳ע Ps 107:4; Ps 107:7; Ps 107:36 city for dwelling; especially of character or condition: הַצֶּדֶק ׳ע Isa 1:26, ׳ע הָאֱמֶת Zech 8:3 הַקּדֶשׁ ׳ע Isa 48:2; Isa 52:1; Neh 11:1; Neh 11:18, compare Dan 9:24, all of Jerusalem; עָרֵי קָדְשֶׁ֑ךָ Jer 5:17 of Judaean cities; of foreign cities, תְּהִלָּךְ ׳ע Jer 49:25, ׳הָע הַהֻלָּלהEzek 26:17, הָעַלִּיזָה ׳הָע Zeph 2:15 of Jerusalem also הַיּוֺנָה ׳הָע Zeph 3:1 oppressive city, (הַ)דָּמִים ׳ע bloody city Ezek 22:2; Ezek 24:6; Ezek 24:9 and (of Nineveh) Nah 3:1.
2. of fortress in a city especially עִיר דָּוִד 2Sam 5:7; 2Sam 5:9; 2Sam 6:10 + often (see דָּוִד); כֵית הַבָּ֑עַל ׳ע 2Kgs 10:25 (crpt; Klo proposes דְּבִיר for ׳ע, compare Kmp Benz Kit); הַמַּיִם ׳ע 2Sam 12:27 (so read also v2Sam 12:26, see 1 d).
3. apparently fortified place, of any size, עִיר מִבְצָר בְּכָלעָֿרֵיהֶם מִמִּגְּדַּל נוֺצְרִים עַדֿ 2Kgs 17:9 =2Kgs 18:8 compare Num 13:9 (P; but on compare of ver. see Di); perhaps also עֲמָלֵק ׳ע 1Sam 15:5 (HPS). — Hos 7:4 see עור Hiph`il

עִיר הַהֶרֶס see הֶרֶס.

city, cities, town, towns, one, …
ʿîr
a city (a place guarded by waking or a watch) in the widest sense (even of a mere encampment or post)
  • excitement, anguish
    • of terror
    city, town (a place of waking, guarded)
    • city, town

This book is chanted to the poetic accent system (used only in Job, Psalms, and Proverbs). Each group below ends at one of its pausing accents — translate a group as one unit.
יָשׁ֣וּבוּ לָ֭עֶרֶב Dechi — a lesser break יֶהֱמ֥וּ כַכָּ֗לֶב Revia Gadol — a lesser break וִיס֥וֹבְבוּ עִֽיר Silluq — end of the verse

יָשׁוּבוּ לָעֶרֶב יֶהֱמוּ כַכָּלֶב וִיסוֹבְבוּ עִֽיר׃
6
They return at evening: they make a noise like a dog, and go round about the city.
Cross References

Psalms 59:14

וְיָשֻׁבוּ לָעֶרֶב יֶהֱמוּ כַכָּלֶב וִיסוֹבְבוּ עִֽיר׃
14
And at evening let them return; and let them make a noise like a dog, and go round about the city.

Psalms 22:16

כִּי סְבָבוּנִי כְּלָבִים עֲדַת מְרֵעִים הִקִּיפוּנִי כָּאֲרִי יָדַי וְרַגְלָֽי׃
16
For dogs have compassed me: the assembly of the wicked have inclosed me: they pierced my hands and my feet.

1 Samuel 19:11

וַיִּשְׁלַח שָׁאוּל מַלְאָכִים אֶל-בֵּית דָּוִד לְשָׁמְרוֹ וְלַֽהֲמִיתוֹ בַּבֹּקֶר וַתַּגֵּד לְדָוִד מִיכַל אִשְׁתּוֹ לֵאמֹר אִם-אֵינְךָ מְמַלֵּט אֶֽת-נַפְשְׁךָ הַלַּיְלָה מָחָר אַתָּה מוּמָֽת׃
11
Saul also sent messengers unto David's house, to watch him, and to slay him in the morning: and Michal David's wife told him, saying, If thou save not thy life to night, to morrow thou shalt be slain.
Psalms 59:5
Read Psalms 59
Psalms 59:7