BDB4294 H3824
BDB4293 | BIBLICAL HEBREW | BDB4295
לֵבָב251 noun masculinePs 104:15 inner man, mind, will, heart; — absolute ׳ל Deut 28:28 + 31 t.; construct לִבַב Deut 20:8 + 22 t.; suffix לְבָבִי Isa 21:4 + 24 t.; לְבָֽבְךָ Deut 4:29 + 35 t.; לְבָבֶ֑ךָ Deut 4:39 + 21 t.; לְבָבֵךְ 1Sam 1:8 + 3 t.; לְבָבוֺ Deut 2:30 + 37 t.; לְבָבָהּ Zeph 2:15 + 3 t.; לִבָבֵנוּ Deut 1:28 + 3 t.; לְבַבְכֶם Deut 10:16 + 37 t.; לְבָבָם Lev 26:41 + 22 t.; plural with suffix לִבְבֵהֶן Nah 2:8 (Sta§ 353 a reads לְבַבְהֶן, but see Köii. 78); plural לְבָבוֺת 1Chr 28:9. — The inner, middle, or central part: I. seldom of things בִּלְבַב יַמִּים in the Midst of the seas Jonah 2:3 (poetry); עד לבב השׁמים unto the midst of heaven Deut 4:11 (so ⅏ but ᵑ0 לב). II. usually of men: 2. the
inner man, indefinite the
soul, comprehending mind, affections and will, or, in connection with certain verbs, having more specific reference to some one of them.
בכללֿבב ובכלנֿפשׁ with all the heart and with all the soul Deut 4:29;
Deut 6:5;
Deut 10:12;
Deut 11:13;
Deut 13:4;
Deut 26:16;
Deut 30:2;
Deut 30:6;
Deut 30:10;
Deut 23:14;
Deut 1:4;
Deut 8:48 (=
2Chr 6:38 לב ?)
2Kgs 23:25;
2Chr 15:12;
2Chr 34:31 ( =
2Kgs 23:3 לב ?)
Jer 32:41 abbreviated
בכללֿבב 1Sam 7:3;
1Sam 12:20;
1Sam 12:24;
1Kgs 14:8;
2Kgs 10:31;
2Chr 15:5;
2Chr 22:9;
2Chr 31:21;
Ps 86:12;
Ps 111:1;
Jer 29:13;
Joel 2:12 אשׁר בלבב what is in the heart (mind)
Deut 8:2;
1Sam 9:19;
1Sam 14:7;
2Sam 7:3 ( =
1Chr 17:2)
2Kgs 10:30;
2Chr 32:31 compare
Job 10:13;
Ps 84:6 (?);
עם לבב with the heart (mind), with
ידע Deut 8:5,
שִׂיחַ Ps 77:7, usually with
היה, of a thought or purpose,
Deut 15:9;
Josh 14:7;
1Kgs 8:17;
1Kgs 8:18 (twice in verse) ( =
2Chr 6:7;
2Chr 6:8 (twice in verse))
2Chr 10:2 ( =
2Chr 9:1)
1Chr 22:7;
1Chr 28:2;
2Chr 1:11;
2Chr 29:10 (compare
2Chr 24:4 לב);
כלבב according to the heart 1Sam 13:14;
1Sam 14:7;
Ps 20:7.
We may add
Deut 5:26;
Deut 11:16;
Deut 11:18;
Deut 17:17;
1Sam 2:35;
2Sam 19:15;
1Kgs 8:39 (twice in verse) ( =
2Chr 6:30 (twice in verse))
2Chr 11:2;
2Chr 11:3 (
לב an error) v
2Chr 11:4 v
2Chr 11:9;
1Chr 12:17;
1Chr 22:19;
1Chr 28:9;
Ps 62:9;
Ps 86:11;
Ps 139:23;
Isa 7:2;
Dan 11:27;
Dan 11:28.
5. specific reference to
conscience לא יחרף לבבי my heart (conscience) shall not reproach me Job 27:6.
8. specifically as the
seat of the appetites (for which usually
נֶפֶשׁ)
׳סעד ל stay the heart (with food)
Ps 104:15;
Judg 19:8 (?);
יִיטַב לְבָבֶ֑ךָ that thine heart may be merry (with wine)
Judg 19:9 (?);
יַיִן ׳יְשַׂמַּח ל wine gladdens the heart Ps 104:15.
9. specifically of
seat of the emotions and passions (for which usually
נפשׁ):
a. of joy
Isa 30:29;
Jer 15:16;
Ezek 36:5, gladness
Deut 28:47, desire
Prov 6:25 (?);
דבּר ׳על ל speak into the heart (comfortably)
2Chr 32:6 (elsewhere
לֵב).
b. of trouble
1Kgs 8:38;
Ps 25:17;
Ps 73:21 weakness, faintness
Lev 26:36 (
H)
Deut 20:3;
Deut 20:18;
2Chr 13:7;
Isa 1:5;
Isa 7:4;
Jer 51:46, grief
Deut 15:10;
1Sam 1:8 sorrow
Ps 13:3, fear
Deut 28:67, dismay
Isa 21:4, astonishment
Deut 28:28, anger
Deut 19:6, hate
Lev 19:16 (
H);
׳ימּס ל the heart melteth Deut 20:8;
Josh 2:11;
Josh 5:1;
Josh 7:5 (all
D)
Isa 13:7;
Isa 19:1 ׳המס ל Deut 1:28 (so read probably also
Josh 14:8, where
לֵב error).
10. seat of courage (for which usually
רוּחַ),
יָעֵר כֹּחוֺ וּלְבָבוֺ stir up his power and his courage Dan 11:25 יַאֲמֵץ לְבַבְכֶם let your heart take courage Ps 31:25.
BDB7797 H7307 H5315 H3824 H1320 H3820
BDB7796 | BIBLICAL HEBREW | BDB7798
רוּחַ378 noun feminineGen 41:8 (less often masculineExod 10:13 +) breath, wind, spirit; — absolute ׳ר Gen 8:1 +, ר֑וּחָה Jer 52:23 construct רוּחַ Gen 6:17 +; suffix רוּחִי vGen 6:3 +, רוּחֲךָ Ps 104:30 +, etc.; plural רוּחוֺת vPs 104:4 +, רֻחוֺת Jer 49:36, רוּחֹת Num 16:22; Num 26:16 (see Brרוח in O.T., JBL xix (1900), 132 ff., full statement of all passages); — 2. wind (117 t.):
a. wind of heaven:
Gen 8:1 (
P)
Exod 15:10 (
E)
Num 11:31 (
J)
1Kgs 18:45 +,
Jer 10:13, thence
Jer 51:16;
Ps 135:7 ׳רוּחַ י Hos 13:15;
Isa 40:7, compare
Job 26:13 (
Di Bu);
רוּחַ (ה)קָדִים east wind Exod 10:13 (twice in verse);
Exod 14:21 (
J)
Ps 48:8;
Jer 18:17;
Ezek 17:10;
Ezek 19:12;
Ezek 27:26;
Jonah 4:8 צָפוֺן ׳ר north wind Prov 25:23 יָם ׳ר sea wind (west wind)
Exod 10:19 (
J); .
הַיּוֺם ׳ר day wind, evening wind
Gen 3:8 (
J; compare
Song 2:17;
Song 4:6);
אַרְבַּע רוּחוֺת four winds Jer 49:36;
Ezek 37:9 (quarters?)
Dan 8:8;
Dan 11:4 (figurative quarters; compare
b),
Zech 2:10;
Zech 6:5 רוּחַ סְעְרָה storm wind Ps 107:25;
Ps 148:8;
Ezek 1:4 (
סְעָרוֺת ׳ר),
Ezek 13:11;
Ezek 13:13 רוּחַ סֹעָה rushing wind Ps 55:9 (read possibly
סערה Hup);
בַּעְיָם רוּחוֺ Isa 11:15 (read
׳בְּעֹצֶם ר, see
עֲיָם,
עֹצֶם), etc; wind personified:
כַּנְפֵי רוּחַ 2Sam 22:11 =
Ps 18:11;
Ps 104:3, compare
Hos 4:19;
Ps 104:4.
b. quarter (of wind),
side: רוּחַ הַקָּדִים Ezek 42:16 east side;
רוּחַ הַצָּפוֺן v
Ezek 42:17 north side;
רוּחַ הַדָּרוֺם v
Ezek 42:18 south side;
רוּחַ הַיָּם v
Ezek 42:19 west side;
אַרְבַּע רוּחוֺת v
Ezek 42:20;
1Chr 9:24 four sides;
ר֑וּחָה Jer 52:23 on the sides.
c. breath of air: שָׁאֲפוּ רוּחַ כַּתַּנִּים Jer 14:6 רוּחַ לֹא יָבֹא בֵּינֵיהֶם Job 41:8.
d. air, gas, from womb (dubious):
כְּמוֺ יָלַדְנוּ רוּחַ Isa 26:18 (
Di,
e);
רוּחֲכֶם אֵשׁ תֹּאכַלְכֶם (
RV breath)
Isa 33:11 (
Du,
3 c).
e. vain, empty thing: רוּחַיָּי֑ Job 7:7 my life is wind;
דַּעַת רוּחַ Job 15:2 רוּחַ וָתֹהוּ נִסְכֵּיהֶם Isa 41:29 רְעוּת רוּחַ striving for wind Eccl 1:14;
Eccl 2:11;
Eccl 2:17;
Eccl 2:26;
Eccl 4:4;
Eccl 4:6;
Eccl 6:9 compare
Eccl 1:17;
Eccl 4:16;
Eccl 5:15.
3. spirit, as that which breathes quickly
in animation or agitation = temper, disposition (76 t.; so, distinctively, as compared with
נֶפֶשׁ and
לֵבָב):
a. spirit, animation, vivacity, vigour: לֹא הָיָה בָהּ עוֺד רוּחַ 1Kgs 10:5 =
2Chr 9:4 מַהזֶּֿה רוּחֲךָ סָרָה 1Kgs 21:5 וַתְּחִי רוּחַ Gen 45:27 (
E);
וַתָּשָׁב רוּחוֺ Judg 15:19;
1Sam 30:12.
b. courage: ׳לֹא הָיָה בָם עוֺד ר Josh 5:1 נְגִידִים ׳יִבְצֹר ר Ps 76:13 מִצְרַיִם ׳וְנָָֽבְקָה ר Isa 19:3 תתעטּף רוּחִי Ps 77:4;
Ps 142:4;
Ps 143:4 לֹא קָמָה ׳עוֺד ר Josh 2:11 אִישׁ יְכַלְכֵּל מַחֲלֵהוּ ׳ר Prov 18:14.
c. temper, especially
anger: ׳רוּחַ רָעָה בֵּין וגו Judg 9:23 אָז רָֽפְתָה רוּחָם Judg 8:3 משֵׁל בְּרוּחוֺ Prov 16:32, compare
Prov 25:28;
Prov 29:11;
Job 15:13 הֵנִיחוּ אֶתרֿוּחִי Zech 6:8;
Eccl 7:9;
Eccl 10:4.
d. impatience or
patience: קֹצֶר רוּחַ Exod 6:9 (
P)
impatience, hastiness of temper, compare (of
׳י)
Mic 2:7 קְצַררֿוּחַ Prov 14:29 (||
אֶרֶךְ אַפַיִם);
הֱצִיקַתְנִי רוּחַ בִּטְנִי Job 32:18 (
Du breath;
Di Bu divine spirit, compare v
Job 32:8);
אִם מַדּוּעַ לֹאתִֿקְצַר רוּחִי Job 21:4 ׳הֲקָצַר רוּחַ י Mic 2:7 ׳אֶרֶךְ ר Eccl 7:8.
e. spirit, disposition, as troubled, bitter, or discontented;
וַתִּפָּעֶם רוּח(וׅ (
his)
spirit was troubled Gen 41:8 (
E)
Dan 2:3, compare v
Dan 2:1 מֹרַת רוּחַ Gen 26:35 (
P)
bitterness of spirit;
׳עֲצוּבַת ר Isa 54:6, compare
Ezek 3:14;
Job 6:4.
feminine as crushed: וְכִהֲתָה כָלרֿוּחַ Ezek 21:12, compare Isa 61:3; Prov 15:4; Prov 15:13; Prov 17:22; Prov 18:14; Ps 143:7.
g. disposition of various kinds, often unaccountable and uncontrollable impulse: הֵעִיר אֶתרֿוּחַ 1Chr 5:26 (twice in verse); 2Chr 21:16; 2Chr 36:22; Ezra 1:1; Ezra 1:5; Jer 51:11; Hag 1:14 (3 t. in verse); הִנְנִי נ(וֺ)תֵן בּוֺ רוּח2Kgs 19:7 = Isa 37:7; Num 14:24 (J; see עִם 4 b), Mal 2:15 (twice in verse); Mal 2:16; Deut 2:30 רוּחַ קִנְאָה jealous disposition Num 5:14 (twice in verse); Num 5:30 (P); רוּחַ וְנוּנִים Hos 4:12; Hos 5:4 רוּחַ עִוְעִיםIsa 19:14 רוּחַ מִשְׁפָּט Isa 28:6 אִישׁ אֲשֶׁר רוּחַ אֱלהִֹרם בּוֺ (administrative) Gen 41:38 (E); קַר רוּחַ אִישׁ הְּבוּנָה Prov 17:27.
h. prophetic spirit: יְהוֺשֻׁעַ אִישׁ אֲשֶׁרֿ רוּחַ בּזֹNum 27:18 (P; or g, as Gen 41:38); רוּחַ אֵלִיָּהוּ עַלאֱֿלִישָׁע2Kgs 2:15, compare v2Kgs 2:9 רוּחַ תַּרְדֵמָה spirit of deep sleep (ecstatic, compare Gen 2:21; Gen 15:12, but Di and others g, as Isa 19:14) Isa 29:10; Mic 2:11 רוּחַ הַטֻמְאָה Zech 13:2 (of lying prophets), compare Ezek 13:3. 5. spirit as seat of emotion =
נֶפֶשׁ:
a. desire (possibly
3 g),
Isa 26:9 (||
נֶפֶשׁ).
b. sorrow, trouble (probably
3 e),
Job 7:11 (||
נֶפֶשׁ). —
1Sam 1:15 see
קָשֶׁה.
9. spirit of God (94 t.; not
D or Jeremiah or any Deuteronomic writer; conception of its activity in inspiring prophecy probably discredited from abuse by false prophets, see
נביא,
נבא):
a. as inspiring ecstatic state of prophecy,
Num 11:17;
Num 11:25 (twice in verse);
Num 11:26;
Num 11:29 (
J),
1Sam 10:6;
1Sam 10:10 (compare v
1Sam 10:5),
1Sam 19:20;
1Sam 19:23 as inciting to deeds of frenzy, in the ecstatic state; hence conceived as
אֱלֹהִים רָעָה ׳ר 1Sam 16:15 (twice in verse);
1Sam 16:16, =
׳רָעָה מֵאֵת י ׳ר v
1Sam 16:14 =
רָעָה ׳א ׳צלח ר 1Sam 18:10 (other narrative) =
רָעָה ׳י ׳ר 1Sam 19:9 ׳א ׳ר 1Sam 16:23 =
רוּחַ הָרָעָה v
1Sam 16:23, compare
הָרוּחַ 1Kgs 22:21 =
שֶׁקֶר ׳ר v
1Kgs 22:22 v
1Kgs 22:23 =
2Chr 18:20;
2Chr 18:21;
2Chr 18:22 =
׳רוּחַ י 1Kgs 22:24 =
2Chr 18:23 compare also (in earlier prophets)
אִישׁ הָרוּחַ, i.e. one possessed by the spirit in the ecstatic state, ||
הַנָּבִּיא Hos 9:7 ׳רוּחַ י Mic 3:8 (||
בֹּחַ) is probably gloss (
We Now);
וְלֹא רוּחִי Isa 30:1 רוּחַ dealing with Ezek.:
Ezek 2:2;
Ezek 3:12;
Ezek 3:14;
Ezek 3:24;
Ezek 8:3;
Ezek 11:1;
Ezek 11:5;
Ezek 11:24 (
Co gloss),
Ezek 37:1;
Ezek 43:5 (all implying ecstatic state of vision), compare Elijah
1Kgs 18:12;
2Kgs 2:16.
b. spirit as impelling prophets to utter instruction or warning (higher and later conception): transition probably
Num 24:2;
2Sam 23:2;
1Chr 12:18 elsewhere in Chronicles:
2Chr 15:1;
2Chr 20:14;
2Chr 24:20 distinctly in
Isa2,
Isa 48:16, compare
Isa 61:1 so of ancient prophets,
Zech 7:12;
Neh 9:30 compare, of future prophetic gift,
Joel 3:1;
Joel 3:2.
c. imparting warlike energy, and executive and administrative power: (1) to
שֹׁפְטִים,
מוֺשִׁיעִים,
מְלָכִים, of ancient Israel:
וַתְּהִי רוּחַ על ׳י Judg 3:10;
Judg 11:29, compare
Judg 6:34;
Judg 13:25;
Judg 14:6;
Judg 14:19;
Judg 15:14;
1Sam 11:6;
1Sam 16:13;
1Sam 16:14 so also
עַד יֵעָרֶה עָלֵינוּ רוּחַ מִמָּרוֺם Isa 32:15 (2) resting upon Messianic king:
Isa 11:2 (3 t. in verse); upon servant of
׳י,
Isa 42:1.
d. late, as endowing men with various gifts: technical skill
Exod 31:3;
Exod 35:31 (
P); understanding
Job 32:8 (||
נִשְׁמַת שַׁדַּי); poured out by divine wisdom
Prov 1:23.
e. as energy of life:
רוּחַ אֱלֹהִים מְרַחֶפֶת עַלפְּֿנֵי הַמָּ֑יִם Gen 1:2 (
P);
רוּחַ אֵל עָשָׂ֑תְנִי Job 33:4 (||
נִשְׁמַת שַׁדַּי); as vital power, opposed to
בָשָׂר:
Isa 31:3 in cherubic chariot:
Ezek 1:12, compare v
Ezek 1:20 v
Ezek 1:21;
Ezek 10:17 reviving Israel
Ezek 39:29;
Zech 12:10;
Isa 44:3.
feminine = ancient angel of the presence and later Shekina:
קָדְשׁוֺ ׳ר Isa 63:10;
Isa 63:11 =
׳י ׳ר v
Isa 63:14 (=
מַלְאַךְ פָּנָיו v
Isa 63:9), compare
Ps 106:33 so also
קָדְשְׁךָ ׳ר Ps 51:13 (in national prayer), compare
Neh 9:20;
Ps 143:10 prophets of restoration conceive of the divine spirit as standing in their midst and about to fulfil all divine promises:
רוּחִי עֹמֶדֶת בְּתוֺכֲכֶם Hag 2:5;
Zech 4:6 this conception culminates in
רוּחַ = divine Presence, and as such omnipresent,
Ps 139:7 (||
פָּנֶיךָ; compare v
Ps 139:8).
BDB9635 H3824 H3825
BDB9634 | BIBLICAL ARAMAIC | BDB9636
לְבַב noun masculineDan 4:13 heart (see Biblical Hebrew; so Egyptian Aramaic S-CB 12+); — construct ׳ל Dan 4:13; Dan 7:4 suffix לִבְבָח Dan 2:30; Dan 5:22, בֵהּ- Dan 4:13; Dan 5:20; Dan 5:21.